Kartveluri Memkvidreoba I Geguchadze,koshoridze

leila geguCaZe, elene koSoriZe zepiri metKvelebisaTvis damaxasiaTebeli zogierTi formis Sesaxeb `qarTuli samarTlis Zeglebis" enaSi

qarTuli saliteraturo enis ganviTarebis is periodi, romelsac saSual qarTuls veZaxiT, xasiaTdeba ori urTierTsawinaaGmdego tendenciiT. erTi mxriv, esaa tendencia saliteraturo enis `demokratizaciisa~, romelsac Sedegad mohKva gramatikul-orTografiul normaTa siyrele, dialeqturi metKvelebis mozGvaveba saliteraturo enaSi, meore mxriv ki _ tendencia enis `arqaizaciisa~, romelic cdilobda Seeqmna stabiluri normebis sistemis mqone, dialeqtizmebisagan Tavisufali saliteraturo ena. swored amis gamoa, rom, mtkiced normirebuli Zveli qarTulisagan gansxvavebiT, gardamavali periodis qarTulisaTvis niSandoblivia Zvel da axal formaTa Tanaarseboba, maTi paraleluri xmareba. nimuSad moviKvanT or fragments `samarTlis Zeglebidan~. arqaizaciis tendenciis maCvenebeli: `nu Seimosn dedakaci samoselsa mamakacisasa da nuca mamakaci _ dedakacisasa, rameTu saZagel ars uflisa GmrTisa Senisa Koveli, romeli iqms egeviTarsa (1,116). `demokratizaciis~ tendenciis maCvenebeli: `dedakacma Tu vali aiGos Tavisis qrmis uwina, imanve unda misces is vali. es ar eTqmis dedakacsa, Tu Cemis qrmisaTvis aviGe valio... rogoraTac uqrmoT aiGo vali, egreve uqrmod unda misces is vali sargebliTa (1,155). `qarTuli samarTlis Zeglebis~ (1) enaSi arsebuli amgvari paraleluri masalis Taobaze adre gvqonda saubari (3), amjamad SevecdebiT warmovadginoT is formebi, romlebic, Cveni azriT, zepiri metKvelebisaTvis unda KofiliKo damaxasiaTebeli. erTi SeniSvna: termins `zepiri metKveleba~ farTo gagebiT vxmarobT, faqtobrivad `xalxuri metKvelebis~ sinonimad. am SemTxvevaSi Cven vdgavarT im mkvlevarTa poziciaze, romlebic Tvlian, rom zepiri metKvelebis kvlevisas masala SeiZleba aviGoT ara mxolod cocxali sasaubro enidan, aramed _ werilobiTi Zeglebidanac, ramdenadac es ori wKaro ki ar gamoricxavs, aramed avsebs erTmaneTs (a.peSkovski, a.potebnia, a.Saxmatovi, a.gvozdevi, n.Svedovi da sxvani). amdenad, Cvens moxsenebaSi warmodgenilia dialeqtizmebica da sasaubro metKvelebisaTvis damaxasiaTebeli formebic. masala Zalian didia, SevexebiT mxolod zogierTs. bgeris daKruebam sitKvis absolutur boloSi, bevr sxva fonetikur movlenasTan erTad, farTo asparezi moipova saSual qarTulSi. uamravi magaliTia saanalizo ZeglSic: amxanagaT (203,12), sxvarigaT (148,15), uneburaT (152,10)... gvxvdeba marTebuli orTografiis nimuSebi: sawKinrad, sasamarTlod (164,7), upatronod (135,16)... rogorc mosalodneli iKo, mravladaa paraleluri formebic: sasikudiloT (204, 13) da sasikudilod (204, 15), magieraT (149,11) da magierad (211, 11), udasturoT (135, 13) da udasturod (171,3). sxva fonetikur procesTagan aGvniSnavT r-s dakargvas: patriaqi _ Sdr. pariarqi (166,5); bZanos, vbZanebT (162,37; 196,32). am ukanasknel fuZeSi r-s dakargva Zvelsave qarTulSi xdeboda: rogorc cnobilia, sinur mravalTavSia igi dadasturebuli (6,335). saanalizo teqsti swor formebsac gviCvenebs (brZanebs, brZanos... 169,16; 169,10...); m-s dakargva: ziTevi (180,1); ziTvad (172/9)... (dasturdeba mziTevic); Tavdabali (145,25); v-s dakargva saxelebSic xdeba da zmnebSic: mGdlad (169,29), mGdelni... (Sdr. mGvdeli 146,32); ipoes, miuida (204,2), Camouardeba (160,16), Seua (203,33). o xmovnis win v-s dakargva sistemuria: ibriKos (146,1), igloos (154,34), sTxoos (202,31), ipoon (178,30)... Sdr. sTxovos (206,31), ipovon (164,4). saanalizo magaliTebis umravlesobaSi asimilirebuli s bgera gvaqvs: mzgavsad (206,5), mzgavsTa (209,33), mzgavsadve (141,20), msgavsi (214,26) iSviaTia. sxva fonetikur procesebze (metaTezisi, kumSva, kveca...) aGar SevCerdebiT. sasaubro metKvelebis faqtad vTvliT mo-, gamo-, Semo- zmniswinTa ma-, gama-, Sema- formebs: iafad gamamarTva (137,22), kidec mamklav (144,12), naparevi saqoneli mamKidao (137,4), Semamfice (187,27)... aqvea: Semomficeo (187,17); Semogficav (187,11). ramdenime sitKviT SevexebiT mesame obieqturi piris niSanTa xmarebasac. specialuri literaturidan cnobilia, rom `meore subieqtur da mesame obieqtur pirTa niSnebis xmareba ukve Zvel qarTulSive aGar emorCileba mtkice wess. saliteraturo

enaSi am movlenis amsaxveli faqtebi sakmaod xSirad gamovlindeba. advili warmosadgenia, ra viTareba iKo im drois cocxal metKvelebaSi~ (6,383). mdgomareoba bevrad ufro damZimda saSual qarTulSi. saanalizo masalaSi uxvadaa darGvevis (rogorc klebis, ise _ matebis) nimuSebi. kleba: Kavs (160,7), KavT (137,6), Kuanan (160,32), Kuandnen (162,5)... Sdr. hKavs (135,9), qondaT (203,18), qondes (138,5)... Sdr. hqondes (143,24). moKua (179,31), qvian (179,25), kiTxos (161,10), miKidos is saqoneli mas... (137,16)... Sdr. mihKidos (135,4), dapirda (182,26), Sdr. dahpirda (182,3) da a.S. mateba: daswera (man... anderZis wigni), vsTqua (132,23), stanJos (215,14), Sesyamos (134,13), dasTesos (182,17) da a.S. saanalizo ZeglSi gvxvdeba zmnaTa nariani formebic eSinian, SeuZlian... tipisa. Tu pirvel maTgans ver CavTvliT mxolod gardamavali periodis sasaubro metKvelebisaTvis damaxasiaTebel faqtad, ramdenadac cnobilia, rom eSinian forma swadian, mixarian, uxarian formebis gverdiT Zveli qarTulis ZeglebSia dadasturebuli (6, 411-412). samagierod, SemiZlia, SegiZlia, SeuZlia formebi mxolod X saukunis Semdgomi periodidan gvxvdeba. ra Tqma unda, isini ixmareboda cocxal metKvelebaSi. samwerlobo enaSi SeGwevis Semdeg maT gandevnes TandaTan miZlavs, Zal-mic, ƒelmewifebis, SemZlebel var... tipis warmoebani. nariani warmoeba ki _ SeuZlian (209,31) gardamavali periodis sasaubro metKvelebaSi gaCenili Cans. (dasturdeba SeuZlia formac: 208,2). nariani formebi gvxvdeba I da II TurmeobiTis formebSic: umuSavnia (148,20), daeficna (222,12) da a.S. saanalizo masalis mixedviT, wKvetilis formebSi, sadac e niSania mosalodneli, gvxvdeba ev sufiqsi. es sufiqsi dGemde SemorCa kaxur kilos (10,329): SevrTevi (29,28), daideviT (132,23), aviGeviT (18,25), SeitKeviT (18,10)... Sdr. iqve dadasturebuli uboZeT (19,24), daibareT (19,23)... mas Semdeg, rac micemiT brunvaSi dasmulma saxelma gamoavlina ricxvSi SeTanxmebis unari, gaCnda aseTi formebi: undodesT (151,8), aqusT (169,3), qondesT (177,24), SeeZlosT (163,16) da a.S. es formebi, Cvens teqstebSic dadasturebuli, XX saukunis dasawKisamde ixmareboda rogorc sasaubro metKvelebaSi, ise _ wignis enaSic. amjamad is kilos kuTvnilebaa. `samarTlis Zeglebis~ enaSi KuradGebas iqcevs kavSirebi. bevri maTgani saSual qarTulSia gaCenili da ama Tu im dialeqtis kuTvnileba Cans. aseTebia: magrame (209,6), saca (202,11), romelic aGmosavlur qarTulia da rayulisa da zemoimerulisTvisacaa damaxasiaTebeli, rome (134,15) _ dasavlur qarTuli da TuSuri forma, Tu arada (Tu morCes, kargia, Tu ara da ganeSornen: 157,30)... Cven SevudareT Cveni masala SoTa ZiZiguris naSromSi (9) warmodgenil tabulebs da aGmoCnda, rom iseTi kavSirebi, rogoricaa: ragind rom, romelic rom, rac rom, romlebic miCneulia mxolod axali qarTulis kuTvnilebad, savsebiT Cveulebrivi da gavrcelebuli formebia saanalizo ZeglisaTvis: ragind rom cota iKos (133,4), rac rom aris (129,28), romelic rom bed misca (135,1)... vfiqrobT, rom aGniSnuli formebi swored sasaubro metKvelebisaTvis iKo damaxasiaTebeli da saliteraturo enaSi ufro gvian daimkvidra adgili. ramdenime sitKva nacvalsaxelTa Sesaxeb. kuTvnilebiTi nacvalsaxelis (Tavisi) mniSvnelobiT teqstSi gvxvdeba TaveTi: ...cot-cota TaveTis wilisagan miscen (161,20)... gansazGvrebiTi nacvalsaxeli TviTon iSviaTad gvxvdeba. rogorc cnobilia, am formas Zveli qarTuli ar icnobs (4,220). igi unda momdinareobdes TviT man formisagan, romelSic moxda manTan vin-is monacvleoba _ TviTvan, Semdgom ki _ misi dakargva. saanalizo ZeglSi swored es TviTan aris gabatonebuli. maqvemdebarebeli kavSiris funqciiT naxmari mimarTebiTi nacvalsaxeli ramdenime formas gviCvenebs: vinc vin, vinca vinºvincavin (gansxvavebulia orTografiac): vinc vin ufrosi aiGos, eSmakis moqmedi iqneba (175,5); vinca vin sxvis Kma nasKidi miiKuanos da damalos, erTiorad unda misces Tavis patronsa (172,3). amave funqciiT teqstSi dadasturebulia vingindavin formac: vingindavin miicvalos da ara dasweros anderZi /Zesa da asulsa... misces TavTavisi wili (227,3)... Sdr., iqve: vinc anazdeul sikvdiliT miicvalos uanderZoT, Tu ara Kavdes mama cocxali, epatronos Zma da da, orniv (227,16). saanalizo ZeglSi Cveulebrivia uarKofiT nacvalsaxelTa gaxleCa zmna-SemasmenliT, rogorc es sasaubro metKvelebasa da zGaprebis enaSi aris xolme: ara miecema ra (181,16), ara inaGvla ra (181,29), ara icis ra (177,30) da a.S.

CvenebiTi nacvalsaxeli amdeni saSual qarTulSi aGmocenebuli formaa. iv.qavTaraZis varaudiT (7,310), amdeni amdvenisagan unda momdinareobdes, romelSic ve kompleqsma o mogvca: amdoni. saanalizo masalaSi amToni dasturdeba, rac sasaubro metKvelebis faqti unda iKos: Cemi amToni emarTao (164,12). gvxvdeba fuZegaorkecebuli kompozitis saxiTac: Tu is ar daiJeroT, amTon-amToni TeTri JurumaT gamoviGoT (165,15). Sdr. imden-imdeni (193,19). KuradGebas iqcevs raime nacvalsaxelis mniSvnelobiT naxmari Semdegi formebi: rasac feris, rasac ferSi, rasac ferisaTvis... ukeTu... awKeninos rame valisaTvis an rasac feris saqmisaTvis mkudris patronsa, is kaci Tavis samarTals dahkargavs (164,9); rasac feris saqmisaTvis _ raime saqmisaTvis; ukeTu dedakaci motKuvdes kacisagan rasac ferSia, Koveli samarTali da sJuli Seeweva... dedakacsa (178,17); rasac ferSi motKuvdes _ raimeSiºramenairad motKuvdes... amgvar formaTagan unda momdinareobdes rafer, rafrad, ramefrad. romlebic ver gaxda saliteraturo enis faqti da dasavlur dialeqtTa kuTvnilebad darCa. specialur literaturaSi SeniSnulia, rom `a xmovani axal qarTulSi gacilebiT ufro xSirad ixmareba, vidre es ZvelSi iKo SesaZlebeli~ (2,45). `samarTlis Zeglebis~ ena a mavrcobis xmarebis TvalsazrisiT axali qarTulis viTarebas asaxavs, uxvadaa sasaubro metKvelebidan Semosuli formebi: erTiorad misces Tavis patronsa (172,4), im kacisa ara icis ra (177,30), maradis iKofebodes patiosnad cxovrebiTa, samarTliTa, TavdablobiTa... (163,14). xSirad a mavrcobi Sesaferis pirobebSi daerTvis an aGdgeba TandebulebTanac: im kacs guli wauxdinos batonzeda da an batons _ Kmazeda (169,18); monastris patroni unda mivides Tavis alagSia (181,26); iCivlebs vinme mosamarTlesTana (169,26)... TandebulebTan dakavSirebiT SevniSnavT imasac, rom sistematurad gvxvdeba maTi dialeqturi variantebi: Tvin: TavisTvin (182,11), eklesiisaTvin (209,18)... mdin: wlamdin (195,13), moqcevamdin (199,7). iqvea mdi variantic: sanamdi (195,2), manamdi (203,15)... sasaubro metKvelebaSi gavrcelebul formebad miiCneva is SemTxvevebi, roca qveS zmnizedur TandebulTan saxeli fuZis saxiTaa warmodgenili: SiSqveS (35,19), ficqveS (35,24)... saanalizo masala KuradGebas iqcevs winadadebaTa agebis TvalsazrisiTac: frazebi gamartivebulia, maqsimalurad gantvirTulia wevrebisagan, xasiaTdeba sasaubro metKvelebisaTvis niSandoblivi sitKvaTSexamebebiTa da konstruqciebiT. es iTqmis sxvadasxva saxis winadadebaze: SerwKmulze (nurca ras miscem, nurca ras sTxov: 163,21), TanwKobilze (is kaci verca ras gascems da arca ra gaecemis: 172,21), qvewKobilze (gansakuTrebiT): Tu saqme iKos magisTana, ganikiTxe (165,21); ƒelmwifem rac samarTali qnas, imas veravin moSlis (163,20)... gvxvdeba sasaubro qarTulisaTvis damaxasiaTebeli e.w. wKevla-krulvis formulebic: ratom mexi ar daecema da ar daswvavs, anu qveKana ar danTqavs... (143,4-5). winadadebaSi gamotovebulia advilad savaraudebeli sitKvebi: mamuli memamules miecema da fasi-fasis patronsa (136,3); erTi mowame nu gwamT, aramed _ ori da samio... sasaubro enisTvis damaxasiaTebeli movlenaa sxvaTa sitKvis o nawilakis siyarbe: nuravis mieferebio da nuca gadaamrudebo, aramed simarTliT saJeTo (130,25)... da bolos: `samarTlis ZeglebSi~ gvxvdeba sitKvaTSexamebani, romlebic sasaubro metKvelebis kalkadaa cnobili specialur literaturaSi (8,268; 5,61). kerZod, vvaraudobT aseT nimuSebs: Tavisma batonma rom azati uKos (170,30); samarTali unda uKon (214,20), qorwili qnas (179,25); batonis orguloba qna (145,2-3)... Sdr. imerxeulidan cnobili axTi uKo (_ Jvari daswera) da zemoayarulSi dadasturebuli Turqulis kalki meSvereTi vqnaT (moviTaTbiroT)... aseTia zogadi suraTi zepiri metKvelebisaTvis damaxasiaTebel formaTa xmarebisa `qarTuli samarTlis Zeglebis~ enaSi. damowmebuli literatura: qarTuli samarTlis Zeglebi, I, Tb., 1963 T . z u r a b i S v i l i , mavrcobi a Tanamedrove saliteraturo qarTulSi, qarTuli sitKvis kulturis sakiTxebi, I, Tb., 1972 e . k o S o r i Z e , l.g e g u C a Z e , qarTuli saliteraturo enis istoriidan, qarTuli sitKvis kulturis sakiTxebi, IX, Tb., 1989.

a .m a r t i r o s o v i , nacvalsaxeli qarTvelur enebSi, Tb., 1964 S . n i j a r a Z e , zemoayarulis Taviseburebani, baTumi, 1957 z . s a r J v e l a Z e , qarTuli saliteraturo enis istoriis Sesavali, Tbilisi, 1984 a . C i q o b a v a , fereidnulis mTavari Taviseburebani, tfilisis universitetis moambe, VII, 1927 i . q a v T a r a Z e , qarTuli enis istoriisaTvis, XII-XVIII s.s. Tb., 1964 S . Z i Z i g u r i , kavSirebi qarTul enaSi, Tb., 1979 b . J o r b e n a Z e , qarTuli dialeqtologia, Tb., 1989.

L. Geguchadze E. Koshoridze On Some Forms Characteristic of the Oral Speech in the Language of "Georgian Law Monuments" SUMMARY It has been known that the Georgian language of the transitional period is characterized with the coexistence of old and new forms in the analysed material ("Georgian Law Monuments", I, 1963), which belongs to the beginning of the 18 th century, due to its specific nature, forms characteristic of colloquial speech prevail. Different types of dialectisms, on the one hand, and the grammatical forms and word combinations, that must have been characteristic of colloquial speech, have been presented in the article.