Kartveluri Memkvidreoba I Dadiani

eka dadiani `oko" nawilaki megrulSi

megruli `oko~ nawilaki warmoadgens qarTuli `unda~ nawilakis morfologiur SesatKviss. rogorc `unda~, aseve `oko~ zmnuri warmoSobis modaluri elementia da KovelTvis zmnasTanaa dakavSirebuli. qarTulisagan gansxvavebiT, sadac aGniSnuli nawilakis adgili mKaria da KovelTvis saTanado formis win dgas, megrulSi misi adgili Tavisufalia: SeiZleba uZGodes sitKvas an mosdevdes mas. am mxriv raime kanonzomiereba ar SeimCneva. mag.: 1. Cqin GoneTia qiana oko gavakviraTie. Cveni GoniTo qveKana unda gavakviroTo. 2. Gurel aucilebero qomiSinuko oko. mkvdari aucileblad moexsenebina unda. i. KifSiZis da m. xubuas megrul teqstebSi `oko~ nawilaki, qarTulis msgavsad, umeteswilad zmnis win dgas, xolo misi sitKvis Semdeg xmarebis SemTxvevebi iSviaTia. mag.: 1. majira qalaqiSa oko vide (i. KifSiZe, 1994, gv.210). meore qalaqSi unda wavide. 2. qˆdoblaT oko Ti raSi wkala (m. xubua, 1937, gv.29. gavCndeT unda im raSTan. qvalonis momZiebelTa Jgufis mier mopovebul masalebSi `oko~ nawilakis zmnis momdevno poziciaSi xmarebis magaliTebi ufro syarbobs. ganawilebis TvalsazrisiT sainteresoa isic, rom qvalonis metKvelebaSi `oko~ nawilaki arcTu iSviaTad gaormagebuli saxiTac gvxvdeba, e.i. erTdroulad axlavs zmnas Tavsa da boloSi. mag.: 1. amindi oko rdas oko Jgiri. amindi unda iKos unda kargi. msgavsi magaliTebi gamocemul megrul teqstebSi ar dasturdeba. aseTi gaormagebuli formebis gaaqtiureba SeiZleba aixsnas ramdenimenairad: 1. `oko~-s gameorebiT xdeba zmnis konkretul semantikaze xazgasma, sitKvis mniSvnelobisaTvis meti gamomxatvelobis miniyeba; 2. erT-erTi maTgani sufiqsad gaiazreba. aGniSnuli nawilakis megruliseburi ganlageba ucxoa qarTulisaTvis, magram iSviaTad gvxvdeba zogierT dialeqtSi, kerZod, mesxurSi, Javaxursa da ayarulSi. mag.: ra-na gavakeTo-na (ra unda gavakeTo unda).1 `oko~ nawilaksa da masTan dakavSirebul zmnas Soris SeiZleba moeqces sxva sitKva. mag.: 1. dˆmaxvamilarq oko gamocdilebiT meqcas (m. xubua, 1937, gv.30). damxvedri unda gamocdilebiT moeqces. 2. diSqa qomiGe amdGa oko, qodarGve Teq oko. SeSa moitano dGes unda, daKaro iq unda. `unda~ nawilaki qarTulSi awmKos mwkrivis III piris gaqvavebul formas warmoadgens. qvalonis masalebSi aris SemTxvevebi, roca igi uwKvetlis formiTaa gamoKenebuli. movitanT ramdenime nimuSs: 1. varduko oko(d) windam do wikvil. ar KofiliKo und(od)a yuyKiani da dasvrili. 2. garaq i‡uko oko(d) danarCen dGalems. dakrZalva KofiliKo und(od)a danarCen dGeebSi. i. KifSiZisa da m. xubuas megrul teqstebSi analogiuri magaliTebi ar fiqsirdeba. `undoda~ nawilakis funqciiT dadasturebulia fereidnulSic. mag.: ro undoda ganaTdes, SavsxediT da wavediT. amgvari faqtebi `saKuradGeboa im mxriv, rom drois kategoriis gadmocema ekisreba ara kavSirebiTi kilos zmnas, rogorc es Cveulebriv xdeba, aramed TviT nawilaks~ (n. kotinovi, 1986, gv. 94). 1

megruli `oko~ nawilaki fonetikurad ucvleli saxiT gamoiKeneba, iseve rogorc `unda~ qarTulSi. gansxvave-

bul suraTs gvaZlevs qarTuli enis dialeqtebi, sadac `unda~ nawilaki Semdegi fonetikuri nairsaxeobiTaa warmodgenili: una/un/und/na/nda/da. na/da variantebi saTanado formas enklitikurad mierTvian. mag.: me-na wavide (ayaruli), Svili-da gagiCndes (mesxuri).

`oko~ nawilakis ZiriTad funqcias warmoadgens aucileblobis, valdebulebis modalobis gamoxatva. qarTuli `unda~-s msgavsad, `oko~ nawilakis aGniSnuli mniSvneloba momdinareobs amosavali zmnis semantikidan: `surs, survili aqvs~→`syirdeba, esayiroeba~→`sayiroa, aucilebelia~ (b. JorbenaZe, 1993, gv. 273). 1. Sqa apriliS ukul sunel ifrel doTase oko. Sua aprilis mere mwvanili Kvelaferi daTeso unda. 2. Timwkela bdiniTko oko. maSin davGupuliKaviT unda. warmodgenil SemTxvevebSi gadmocemulia iseTi moqmedeba, romelic aucileblad unda Sesruldes momavalSi, an kidev unda SesrulebuliKo warsulSi. garda amisa, `oko~ nawilaks damatebiTi semantikuri niuansebic gaaCnia, kerZod, aGniSnavs varauds, albaTobas imisas, rac winadadebaSia mocemuli; mTqmeli araa darwmunebuli naTqvamis sisworeSi. mag.: 1. farami oko rdas Te saki (I. KifSiZe, 1994, gv. 212). fuliani unda iKos es tomara. 2. Cqim biZiskuas oko uCqudas Selorsa. Cemma biZaSvilma unda icodes Selocva. qarTulSi `unda~ nawilaki ucvlelia pirebis mixedviT (orsave ricxvSi), moiTxovs sam mwkrivs: I kavSirebiTs (awmKos kavSirebiTs): unda werdes, II kavSirebiTs: unda daweros, II TurmeobiTs (III kavSirebiTis nacvlad): unda daewera. `oko~ modaluri elementi mwkrivebis mixedviT ganawilebis mxrivac avlens sxvaobas qarTulTan SedarebiT. megrulSi `oko~ nawilaki exameba kavSirebiTis Kvela formas (garda mKofadis kavSirebiTisa) da agreTve pirobiTis formebs. ganvixiloT calkeul mwkrivebTan gamoKenebis SemTxvevebi: I kavSirebiTi (awmKos kavSirebiTi) aGniSnavs axlandel an momaval dros da gamoxatavs valdebulebasa da varauds. mag.: Tina werils yarundas oko. is werils werdes unda. warmodgenili magaliTi SeiZleba miuTiTebdes rogorc aucileblobaze, ise albaTobaze. semantika ganirCeva konteqstis mixedviT. II kavSirebiTis forma Seicavs momavali, iSviaTad axlandeli drois gagebas da gadmoscems aucilebel moqmedebas: oymares adre gedirTe oko. diliT adre adge unda. III kavSirebiTi gamoxatavs varauds warsulSi momxdari moqmedebisa: Tis qomuGaldas oko diSqa mas mgoni moutania SeSa sitKvasitKviTi Targmani: mas moetanos unda SeSa. qarTulSi `unda~ nawilaki III kavSirebiTis nacvlad exameba II TurmeobiTs da gadmoscems warsulSi Sesasrulebel aucilebel moqmedebas: werili unda daewera.2 IV kavSirebiTis formaze `oko~ nawilakis darTviT, III kavSirebiTis msgavsad, aGiniSneba varaudi: Tina noyaruedas oko. is werda mgoni. rogorc aGvniSneT, `oko~ nawilaki megrulSi axlavs pirobiTis formebsac. pirobiTis formebi ki TavisTavad iwarmoeba oko-n→ko-n zmniT, mxolod gansxvavebulia saKrdeni fuZe. qarTulSi TxrobiTi da kavSirebiTi kilos formebi garegnulad erTmaneTs emTxveva (mag.: qals werili daewera _ TxrobiTi kilo; qals werili rom daewera _ kavSirebiTi). megrulSi aGniSnuli kiloebis formebi gansxvavebulia; TxrobiTi kilo: duyarudu (daewera). kavSirebiTi kilos gamosaxatavad dairTavs `oko~ zmnas, romelic SerwKmulia zmnur formebTan: duyaruduko←duyarudu oko (rom daewera). aq `oko~ sufiqsadaa qceuli da kavSirebiT kilos awarmoebs. valdebulebis modalobis gadmosacemad kavSirebiTi kilos formas emateba `oko~ nawilaki: duyaruduko oko (daewera unda). SeiZleba aseTi rTuli formac Segvxvdes: oko dinuko oko (unda dakarguliKo 2

III kavSirebiTis formasTan `unda~ nawilaki gamoiKeneba rayul dialeqtSi da gadmoscems valdebulebis seman-

tikas. am SemTxvevaSi Kalibi III kavSirebiTisaa, funqcia ki II TurmeobiTisa. mag.: unda meKidos, unda momeqsovos (unda meKida, unda momeqsova).

unda), sadac zmnasTan SerwKmuli `oko~ formants warmoadgens, xolo Tavsa da boloSi mdgari `oko~ nawilakis funqciiTa naxmari. I pirobiTi saKrdenad iGebs uwKvetlis (namKo usrulis) formas. `oko~ nawilaki aGniSnavs rogorc valdebulebis semantikas, aseve varauds da gamoxatavs warsulSi momxdar uwKvetel moqmedebas. mag.: Tina werils yarunduko oko _ konteqstis mixedviT SeiZleba gagebul iqnes rogorc aucilebeli moqmedeba _ mas werili ewera unda; aseve savaraudo movlena _ is werils werda mgoni. II pirobiTisTvis amosavalia wKvetili (aoristi). `oko~ nawilaki miuTiTebs aucileblobasa da varaudze da aGniSnavs warsul dros. mag.: 1. Tiq wKar qomiGuko oko. mas wKali moetana unda. 2. Ti ¹ude gegmoCesko oko do Sxva qi‡idesko oko. is saxli gaKides mgoni da sxva iKides mgoni. sitKvasitKviTi Targmani: is saxli gaeKidaT unda da sxva eKidaT unda. III pirobiTi fuZed iKenebs II TurmeobiTs (II SedegobiTs). gadmocemulia aucilebloba da varaudi warsulSi momxdari moqmedebisa. mniSvnelobaTa garCeva SesaZlebelia konteqstis mixedviT. mag.: Tis weril duyaruduko oko. mas werili daewera unda (aucilebloba). mas werili dauweria mgoni (varaudi). IV pirobiTi eKrdnoba IV TurmeobiTs (IV SedegobiTs). `oko~ nawilaki gamoxatavs warsulSi savaraudo moqmedebas: Tina werils noyarueduko oko is werils werda mgoni. IV pirobiTis formebi SedarebiT iSviaTia. rogorc Cans, megrulSi qarTulTan SedarebiT `oko~ modaluri elementis gamoKenebis sfero gafarToebulia da igi erT-erT aqtiur da gavrcelebul nawilaks warmoadgens. damowmebuli literatura n. k o t i n o v i , kilos kategoria da sintaqsis zogierTi sakiTxi qarTulSi, Tb., 1986 i. K i f S i Z e , 1994 _ i. KifSiZe, rCeuli Txzulebani, Tb., 1994. m. x u b u a , 1937 _ m. xubua, megruli teqstebi, tf., 1937. b. J o r b e n a Z e , 1993 _ b. JorbenaZe, nazmnari modaluri elementebi qarTulSi, qarTuli sitKvis kulturis sakiTxebi, wigni X, Tb.1993.

E. Dadiani Particle "oÖ o"in Megrelian Summary The Megrelian particle "oÖo" is a morphological equivalent of Georgian "unda"("must"). It is used both in the simple and the complex constructions and is always related to a verb. As different from Literary Georgian, the position of this particle in the sentence is not fixed in Megrelian: it may either precede ("oÖo idas") or follow the appropriate form ("idas oÖo"). In the Kvaloni data the second kind of examples prevails, as for the published Megrelian texts, the first kind occurs more frequently. In Megrelian this modal word is used in the following screeves: Subjunctive III, Subjunctive IV, and with the form of Conditional (Conditional I, Conditional II, Conditional III, Conditional IV). The main function of "oÖo" is to express Obligatory Mood, also probability and supposition.