Kartveluri Memkvidreoba I Fircxelani
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daviT fircxelani latali
(soflis zogadi daxasiaTeba) latali mdinare enguris xeobaSi balszemo da balsqvemo svaneTis gasaKarze mdebare erT-erTi mTagoriani sofelia. mas Crdilo-aGmosavleTis mxridan esazGvreba sofel lenJeris teritoria (C‰neSsa da larhaSSi), xolo beCosa da cxumars emiJneba balis (b’l) mTis zoliT (tirbiSisa da wafˆldis midamoebiT). qvemo svaneTisagan svaneTis qedi Kofs ori viwro mouxerxebeli, fexiTac Znelad savali gadasasvleliT. amjamad latalSi cxovrobs 340 komli (1198 kaci). latalis ubnebs Soris mcxovrebTa Semdegi Tanafardobaa: macxvariSi (SKalerTan erTad) 99 komli (278 kaci), ienaSi (lmTan erTad) 79 komli (318 kaci), jiq‰nqa (zeda ubani: ifxi, leSuki, lelbagi da sidianari erTad) 59 komli (200 kaci), ledmani 14 komli (53 kaci), leSgv‰ni 16 komli, kvanyianari 33 komli, laxuSdi 24 komli, lahili 6 komli. Tu SevadarebT gasuli saukunis bolo meoTxedis monacemebs, rac emKareba me-19 saukunis 80-iani wlebis aGweris masalebs da mocemuli aqvs v. tepcovs, (b. “. ŠåCö%", _ 1890, gv. 40). komlTa raodenoba saukunis manZilze TiTqmis 300%-iT gaizarda (iKo 119, aris 340), xolo mosaxleoba 10%-iT (iKo 994, aris 1198). aseTi didi sxvaoba aixsneba bolo wlebSi dawKebuli migraciis TaviseburebiT, zvavTa da GvarcofTa sababiT bevri gadmosaxlda saqarTvelos sxva regionebSi, magram ZiriTadi oJaxebi ar moSlilan, mxolod ganaKari Zmebi gadmovidnen. latalSi fiqsirdeba oci gvari. TiToeuli gvaris SigniT ganirCeva saZmoebi (samxubr) da Temebi (Temr). am terminTa konkretuli gvarebis mixedviT gamiJvna calke gamokvlevis Temaa. gvarebi ubnebis∗ mixedviT Semdegnairad arian gansaxlebuli: ienaSi: farJiani (biSa, dT…arl, fCir, sinCarSa, JidoSa, narsa…Sa, ezaSa, Jxir) xvinTelani (ƒvinTelanSa, doqaSa) werediani (mˆrzaSa, xasSa, Jak…TSa) Carkviani (gelaSa)∗∗ kvanyianari: kvanyiani (fifiSa, bakaSa, qa…zSa, bedanSa, abramSa, uzanSa) laxuSdi: asumbani (guaSa, JanK…TSa) kvanyiani (fifiSa.... 2 komli) fircxelani (bakuSa) nikoloziani (beq…r) Camgelani (nax…SSa) lahili: pakeliani (JidoSa, abramSa) kvanyiani (fifiSa... I komli) gurguliani (manaSa... I komli) macxvariSi: girgvliani (guar, fuTar, srgSa, Juabr, kvetir, JulabSa, Canx…arSa, sg‰Sr, pikir, namKmr) ∗
istoriul sabuTebSi zogJer latalia moxseniebuli erT soflad da zogJer ki misi calkeuli ubnebi: ienaSi, la-
xuSdi da sxv. orive SemTxvevaSi garkveuli pirobiToba gvaqvs: SeiZleba ienaSi, macxvariSi, laxuSdi... miviCnioT erTi mTlianobis _ latalis _ calkeul ubnebad; aseve Secdoma ar iqneboda, Tu vitKodiT latalis sazogadoebas sof. ienaSi da a.S. (red). ∗∗
Carkviani latalSi mxolod 2 komli cxovrobs, romlebic Sedian `gelaSas" samxubSi; sxva samxubis Carkvianebi
sxva soflebSi cxovroben da aq aGar vasaxelebT; ase viqceviT sxva gvarebis SemTxvevaSic.
Tamliani (kuk…aSa) gurguliani (manaSa) stefliani (ivaniSa) subeliani (filoSa 1 komli) jiqanqa zeda ubani: ifxi, leSuki, lelbagi da sidianari erTad aGebuli) abdelani (eda…Sa) nansKani (…otaSa) iveCiani (TamarSa, qemezSa) gviCiani (JaraSa, g…iyi‰nSa) sidiani (baGaTˆrSa) latalSi aris bavSvTa baGi (50 bavSviT), saSualo skola (150 moswavliT), sportkompleqsi (yidaobis seqciebiT), kultsaxli, ori dawKebiTi skola (leSuksa da laxuSdSi), medpunqti, fosta. warmoebebidan erTaderTia kerZo saxerxi. meurneobis dargebia: mecxoveleoba da miwaTmoqmedeba. ZiriTadad mohKavT kartofili, qeri, lobio, simindi, fetvi da sxva. latalis metKvelebas specialuri gamokvleva uZGvna TinaTin SaraZeniZem. mkvlevaris azriT, lataluri metKveleba balsqvemoursa da balszemours Soris `gardamavalia" da xasiaTdeba garkveuli TaviseburebebiT. lataluri metKvelebis nimuSebi mcire raodenobiTaa dabeydili; teqstebi gamoqveKnebulia `svanuri enis qrestomaTiaSi", sxvadasxva saxis informaciebi gvxvdeba samecniero Tu sxva xasiaTis naSromebSi: `svaneTis werilobiT ZeglebSi", pavle ingoroKvas `svaneTis saistorio ZeglebSi" da sxva. SidasaTemo Tu mezoblebTan urTierTobis amsaxveli cnobebia mocemuli pavle ingoroKvas `svaneTis saistorio ZeglebSi". masSi latalis Taobaze 17 aqtia moKvanili, romlebic me-13 - 15 saukuneebiT TariGdeba. maTgan mxolod erT aqtSi gvxvdeba es sofeli orJer lataris saxelwodebiT (aqti 27, 1490-1503 wliT TariGdeba). amave saxelwodebiT aris aGniSnuli sofeli latali ivane JavaxiSvilis redaqtorobiT 1923 wels gamocemul saqarTvelos istoriul rukaze. zemoT dasaxelebul aqtebSi dGeisaTvis arsebuli ubnebidan naxsenebia mxolod lahili, ienaSi, laxuSdi. dGevandeli latalis mexsierebidan saerTod gamqralia `laCograSi". dGes aGar arsebobs oKoldaSis ubani, magram huKuldaSis saxiT is axsovT. me-14 saukunis boloTi daTariGebul erT aqtSi `oKoldaSi" cxmaris ƒevis (cxumaris xevis _ d.f.) teritoriad iTvleba, romelic, rogorc Cans, momdevno saukuneebSi latalis SemadgenlobaSi gadadis. gadmocemiT latalSi 200-mde sakulto daniSnulebis Zegli Kofila. cifri, etKoba, gadidebulia, magram moZiebul masalebSi 59-mde salocavis saxelwodeba dafiqsirda, maTgan: fusd macxovris _ 1 (macxvariSSi) macxovris _ 8 (lax…Sd macxv’r, lhl macxv’r, SKalri macxv’r, gerbSi macxv’r, maxuldSi macxv’r, laSi‰ldi macxv’r, sgobl macxv’r, macxv’r kverxiS). mTavarangelozTa _ 19 (kvanyiànari TàrˆnZel, fafuld TàrˆnZel, gulhi TàrˆnZel, zagri TàrˆnZel, îoqîr TàrˆnZel, gˆhli TàrˆnZel, meyqvili TàrˆnZel, mˆxári TàrˆnZel, amáni TàrˆnZel, TanGi TàrˆnZel, duli TàrˆnZel, mˆhlS’ni TàrˆnZel, (yalais mxareze), mˆhlal’Si TàrˆnZel, yuSxundi TàrˆnZel, sidiànre TàrˆnZel, wafli TàrˆnZel, leskˆldSi TàrˆnZel, mumeni TàrˆnZel, werediànre TàrˆnZel). wminda giorgis (Jgˆr’g) 13 (yali Jgˆr’g, huKuldSi Jgˆr’g, h’rSi Jgˆr’g, legogri Jgˆr’g, kvercxi Jgˆr’g, lhla Jgˆr’g, JgerbSi Jgˆr’g, yarli Jgˆr’g, ZGudri Jgˆr’g, samtiSi Jgˆr’g, tebdiSi Jgr’g, ifxi Jgˆr’g, SKalri Jgˆr’g). lamarias (lam’ria) _ 8 (samtiSi lam’ria, huSri lam’ria, ifxi lam’ria, lelbagi lam’ria, namKuami lam’ria, laxuSda lam’ria, yuSxni lam’ria, ƒelT-uƒmar (lahilis) lam’ria). ioane naTlismcemlis _ 2 (n naTumcevel, beqaSa naTumcevel). ilia winaswarmetKvelis _ 2 (el mˆhŠriS, el deceS). garda amisa SemorCenilia Semdegi salocavebis saxelwodebebi: mezra Trglez, n anglez, mˆjG’ri anglez, mˆjri xatuncxovel, Jar lhlaS, Jr maxuldS, samk’la xt. zemoT mocemuli salocavebidan SemorCenilia mxolod 12-mde eklesia. Jvrebi, xatebi da sxva Zirfasi nivTebi Semoinaxa. erTi respodentis azriT, maTi ricxvi 370 aGwevs. 20 Kvelaze Zvirfasi gatanilia da muzeumebSi inaxeba. latalSi amjamad Semdegi moqmedi salocavebia:
fusd macxv’r (macxvariSis macxovris) laxuSd macxv’r (laxuSdis macxovris) mˆxŠri T‰rˆnZel (maxarebel mT. angelozis) TanGi T‰rˆnZel (mTis mT. angelozis) lhl T‰rˆnZel (lahilis mT. angelozis) kvnyi‰nri T‰rˆnZel (kvanyianaris mT. angelozis) wafˆldi T‰rˆnZel (waflis mT. angelozis) weredi‰nre T‰rˆnZel (weredianebis mT. angelozis) n naTumcevel (ioane naTlismcemlis) huKuldSi Jgˆr’g (huKuldaSis wm. giorgis) ifxi Jgˆr’g (ifxis wm. giorgis) kvnyiànri lam’ria (kvanyianaris lamaria) ZiriTadad tradiciuli dGesaswaulebi, romlebSic mTeli latali monawileobs, Semdegia: `fusd ƒni liTu’l" (macxvariSis macxovris eklesiaSi), `limxŠr~ (mˆxŠris mT. angelozis eklesiaSi, romelic aGdgenilia 1993-94 wlebSi miron fircxelanis iniciativiTa da uSualo xelmZGvanelobiT), orive SemTxvevaSi Sesawir xars mTeli latali Kidulobs da `TanGilis" (liTnaGâl) dGesaswauli (Sesawir mozvers laxuSdis ubani Kidulobs). damowmebuli literatura p. i n g o r o K v a , 1941 _ svaneTis saistorio Zeglebi (aqtebi). nakveTi II, Tb., 1941, gv. 33. b. “. Š å C ö % " , 1890 _ q"=…å2, , qlnloj. "/C X, %2ä. I. Š,-., 1890 “2!. 40. T. S a r a S e n i Z e , 1970 _ svanuri enis lataluri kilokavis zogierTi Tavisebureba, ike, XVII, Tb., 1970, gv. 45_81.
D. Pirtskhelani The Village of Latali (General Linguistic and Ethnographic Survey) Summary The village of Latali is situated in the valley of the Enguri river, at the crossroads of Upper Bal and Lower Bal Svaneti. It is a mountainous village. This village is interesting from both the linguistic and ethnographic standpoints.
(soflis zogadi daxasiaTeba) latali mdinare enguris xeobaSi balszemo da balsqvemo svaneTis gasaKarze mdebare erT-erTi mTagoriani sofelia. mas Crdilo-aGmosavleTis mxridan esazGvreba sofel lenJeris teritoria (C‰neSsa da larhaSSi), xolo beCosa da cxumars emiJneba balis (b’l) mTis zoliT (tirbiSisa da wafˆldis midamoebiT). qvemo svaneTisagan svaneTis qedi Kofs ori viwro mouxerxebeli, fexiTac Znelad savali gadasasvleliT. amjamad latalSi cxovrobs 340 komli (1198 kaci). latalis ubnebs Soris mcxovrebTa Semdegi Tanafardobaa: macxvariSi (SKalerTan erTad) 99 komli (278 kaci), ienaSi (lmTan erTad) 79 komli (318 kaci), jiq‰nqa (zeda ubani: ifxi, leSuki, lelbagi da sidianari erTad) 59 komli (200 kaci), ledmani 14 komli (53 kaci), leSgv‰ni 16 komli, kvanyianari 33 komli, laxuSdi 24 komli, lahili 6 komli. Tu SevadarebT gasuli saukunis bolo meoTxedis monacemebs, rac emKareba me-19 saukunis 80-iani wlebis aGweris masalebs da mocemuli aqvs v. tepcovs, (b. “. ŠåCö%", _ 1890, gv. 40). komlTa raodenoba saukunis manZilze TiTqmis 300%-iT gaizarda (iKo 119, aris 340), xolo mosaxleoba 10%-iT (iKo 994, aris 1198). aseTi didi sxvaoba aixsneba bolo wlebSi dawKebuli migraciis TaviseburebiT, zvavTa da GvarcofTa sababiT bevri gadmosaxlda saqarTvelos sxva regionebSi, magram ZiriTadi oJaxebi ar moSlilan, mxolod ganaKari Zmebi gadmovidnen. latalSi fiqsirdeba oci gvari. TiToeuli gvaris SigniT ganirCeva saZmoebi (samxubr) da Temebi (Temr). am terminTa konkretuli gvarebis mixedviT gamiJvna calke gamokvlevis Temaa. gvarebi ubnebis∗ mixedviT Semdegnairad arian gansaxlebuli: ienaSi: farJiani (biSa, dT…arl, fCir, sinCarSa, JidoSa, narsa…Sa, ezaSa, Jxir) xvinTelani (ƒvinTelanSa, doqaSa) werediani (mˆrzaSa, xasSa, Jak…TSa) Carkviani (gelaSa)∗∗ kvanyianari: kvanyiani (fifiSa, bakaSa, qa…zSa, bedanSa, abramSa, uzanSa) laxuSdi: asumbani (guaSa, JanK…TSa) kvanyiani (fifiSa.... 2 komli) fircxelani (bakuSa) nikoloziani (beq…r) Camgelani (nax…SSa) lahili: pakeliani (JidoSa, abramSa) kvanyiani (fifiSa... I komli) gurguliani (manaSa... I komli) macxvariSi: girgvliani (guar, fuTar, srgSa, Juabr, kvetir, JulabSa, Canx…arSa, sg‰Sr, pikir, namKmr) ∗
istoriul sabuTebSi zogJer latalia moxseniebuli erT soflad da zogJer ki misi calkeuli ubnebi: ienaSi, la-
xuSdi da sxv. orive SemTxvevaSi garkveuli pirobiToba gvaqvs: SeiZleba ienaSi, macxvariSi, laxuSdi... miviCnioT erTi mTlianobis _ latalis _ calkeul ubnebad; aseve Secdoma ar iqneboda, Tu vitKodiT latalis sazogadoebas sof. ienaSi da a.S. (red). ∗∗
Carkviani latalSi mxolod 2 komli cxovrobs, romlebic Sedian `gelaSas" samxubSi; sxva samxubis Carkvianebi
sxva soflebSi cxovroben da aq aGar vasaxelebT; ase viqceviT sxva gvarebis SemTxvevaSic.
Tamliani (kuk…aSa) gurguliani (manaSa) stefliani (ivaniSa) subeliani (filoSa 1 komli) jiqanqa zeda ubani: ifxi, leSuki, lelbagi da sidianari erTad aGebuli) abdelani (eda…Sa) nansKani (…otaSa) iveCiani (TamarSa, qemezSa) gviCiani (JaraSa, g…iyi‰nSa) sidiani (baGaTˆrSa) latalSi aris bavSvTa baGi (50 bavSviT), saSualo skola (150 moswavliT), sportkompleqsi (yidaobis seqciebiT), kultsaxli, ori dawKebiTi skola (leSuksa da laxuSdSi), medpunqti, fosta. warmoebebidan erTaderTia kerZo saxerxi. meurneobis dargebia: mecxoveleoba da miwaTmoqmedeba. ZiriTadad mohKavT kartofili, qeri, lobio, simindi, fetvi da sxva. latalis metKvelebas specialuri gamokvleva uZGvna TinaTin SaraZeniZem. mkvlevaris azriT, lataluri metKveleba balsqvemoursa da balszemours Soris `gardamavalia" da xasiaTdeba garkveuli TaviseburebebiT. lataluri metKvelebis nimuSebi mcire raodenobiTaa dabeydili; teqstebi gamoqveKnebulia `svanuri enis qrestomaTiaSi", sxvadasxva saxis informaciebi gvxvdeba samecniero Tu sxva xasiaTis naSromebSi: `svaneTis werilobiT ZeglebSi", pavle ingoroKvas `svaneTis saistorio ZeglebSi" da sxva. SidasaTemo Tu mezoblebTan urTierTobis amsaxveli cnobebia mocemuli pavle ingoroKvas `svaneTis saistorio ZeglebSi". masSi latalis Taobaze 17 aqtia moKvanili, romlebic me-13 - 15 saukuneebiT TariGdeba. maTgan mxolod erT aqtSi gvxvdeba es sofeli orJer lataris saxelwodebiT (aqti 27, 1490-1503 wliT TariGdeba). amave saxelwodebiT aris aGniSnuli sofeli latali ivane JavaxiSvilis redaqtorobiT 1923 wels gamocemul saqarTvelos istoriul rukaze. zemoT dasaxelebul aqtebSi dGeisaTvis arsebuli ubnebidan naxsenebia mxolod lahili, ienaSi, laxuSdi. dGevandeli latalis mexsierebidan saerTod gamqralia `laCograSi". dGes aGar arsebobs oKoldaSis ubani, magram huKuldaSis saxiT is axsovT. me-14 saukunis boloTi daTariGebul erT aqtSi `oKoldaSi" cxmaris ƒevis (cxumaris xevis _ d.f.) teritoriad iTvleba, romelic, rogorc Cans, momdevno saukuneebSi latalis SemadgenlobaSi gadadis. gadmocemiT latalSi 200-mde sakulto daniSnulebis Zegli Kofila. cifri, etKoba, gadidebulia, magram moZiebul masalebSi 59-mde salocavis saxelwodeba dafiqsirda, maTgan: fusd macxovris _ 1 (macxvariSSi) macxovris _ 8 (lax…Sd macxv’r, lhl macxv’r, SKalri macxv’r, gerbSi macxv’r, maxuldSi macxv’r, laSi‰ldi macxv’r, sgobl macxv’r, macxv’r kverxiS). mTavarangelozTa _ 19 (kvanyiànari TàrˆnZel, fafuld TàrˆnZel, gulhi TàrˆnZel, zagri TàrˆnZel, îoqîr TàrˆnZel, gˆhli TàrˆnZel, meyqvili TàrˆnZel, mˆxári TàrˆnZel, amáni TàrˆnZel, TanGi TàrˆnZel, duli TàrˆnZel, mˆhlS’ni TàrˆnZel, (yalais mxareze), mˆhlal’Si TàrˆnZel, yuSxundi TàrˆnZel, sidiànre TàrˆnZel, wafli TàrˆnZel, leskˆldSi TàrˆnZel, mumeni TàrˆnZel, werediànre TàrˆnZel). wminda giorgis (Jgˆr’g) 13 (yali Jgˆr’g, huKuldSi Jgˆr’g, h’rSi Jgˆr’g, legogri Jgˆr’g, kvercxi Jgˆr’g, lhla Jgˆr’g, JgerbSi Jgˆr’g, yarli Jgˆr’g, ZGudri Jgˆr’g, samtiSi Jgˆr’g, tebdiSi Jgr’g, ifxi Jgˆr’g, SKalri Jgˆr’g). lamarias (lam’ria) _ 8 (samtiSi lam’ria, huSri lam’ria, ifxi lam’ria, lelbagi lam’ria, namKuami lam’ria, laxuSda lam’ria, yuSxni lam’ria, ƒelT-uƒmar (lahilis) lam’ria). ioane naTlismcemlis _ 2 (n naTumcevel, beqaSa naTumcevel). ilia winaswarmetKvelis _ 2 (el mˆhŠriS, el deceS). garda amisa SemorCenilia Semdegi salocavebis saxelwodebebi: mezra Trglez, n anglez, mˆjG’ri anglez, mˆjri xatuncxovel, Jar lhlaS, Jr maxuldS, samk’la xt. zemoT mocemuli salocavebidan SemorCenilia mxolod 12-mde eklesia. Jvrebi, xatebi da sxva Zirfasi nivTebi Semoinaxa. erTi respodentis azriT, maTi ricxvi 370 aGwevs. 20 Kvelaze Zvirfasi gatanilia da muzeumebSi inaxeba. latalSi amjamad Semdegi moqmedi salocavebia:
fusd macxv’r (macxvariSis macxovris) laxuSd macxv’r (laxuSdis macxovris) mˆxŠri T‰rˆnZel (maxarebel mT. angelozis) TanGi T‰rˆnZel (mTis mT. angelozis) lhl T‰rˆnZel (lahilis mT. angelozis) kvnyi‰nri T‰rˆnZel (kvanyianaris mT. angelozis) wafˆldi T‰rˆnZel (waflis mT. angelozis) weredi‰nre T‰rˆnZel (weredianebis mT. angelozis) n naTumcevel (ioane naTlismcemlis) huKuldSi Jgˆr’g (huKuldaSis wm. giorgis) ifxi Jgˆr’g (ifxis wm. giorgis) kvnyiànri lam’ria (kvanyianaris lamaria) ZiriTadad tradiciuli dGesaswaulebi, romlebSic mTeli latali monawileobs, Semdegia: `fusd ƒni liTu’l" (macxvariSis macxovris eklesiaSi), `limxŠr~ (mˆxŠris mT. angelozis eklesiaSi, romelic aGdgenilia 1993-94 wlebSi miron fircxelanis iniciativiTa da uSualo xelmZGvanelobiT), orive SemTxvevaSi Sesawir xars mTeli latali Kidulobs da `TanGilis" (liTnaGâl) dGesaswauli (Sesawir mozvers laxuSdis ubani Kidulobs). damowmebuli literatura p. i n g o r o K v a , 1941 _ svaneTis saistorio Zeglebi (aqtebi). nakveTi II, Tb., 1941, gv. 33. b. “. Š å C ö % " , 1890 _ q"=…å2, , qlnloj. "/C X, %2ä. I. Š,-., 1890 “2!. 40. T. S a r a S e n i Z e , 1970 _ svanuri enis lataluri kilokavis zogierTi Tavisebureba, ike, XVII, Tb., 1970, gv. 45_81.
D. Pirtskhelani The Village of Latali (General Linguistic and Ethnographic Survey) Summary The village of Latali is situated in the valley of the Enguri river, at the crossroads of Upper Bal and Lower Bal Svaneti. It is a mountainous village. This village is interesting from both the linguistic and ethnographic standpoints.
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