Day 2 Materials Handling,storage & Disposal.ppt

MATERIAL HANDLING, STORAGE AND DISPOSAL

Manual Handling of materials account for about 25% of all occupational injuries.

Question you should ask about your present operating practices to gain insight in your material handling injury problem 1. Can the job be engineered so that manual handling injury problem will be eliminated? 2. How do the materials being handled (such as chemicals, dusts, rough and sharp objects) hurt the people doing the handling? 3. Can employees be given handling aids, such as properly sized boxes, adequate trucks, or hooks, that will make their jobs safer? 4. Will protective clothing, or other personal equipment, help prevent injuries?

Most Common Material Handling Injuries Strains and sprains Fractures Bruises Back injuries

They are caused by: Unsafe work practices Improper lifting Carrying too heavy a load Incorrect gripping Failure to observe proper foot or hand clearance Failing to use or wear proper equipment

Manual Handling Methods 1. Inspect materials for slivers, jagged edges, burrs, rough or slippery surfaces. 2. Get a firm grip on the object. 3. Keep fingers away from pinch points, especially when setting down materials. 4. When handling lumber, pipe or other long objects, keep hands away from the ends to prevent them from being pinched. 5. Wipe off greasy, wet, slippery, or dirty objects before trying to handle them. 6. Keep hands free of oil and grease.

Basic Rules and Instruction in Lifting and Carrying 1.

Never permit your people to overexert themselves when lifting. If the load is thought to be more than a person can handle, assign more than one to the job. Lift gradually, without jerking, to minimize the effects of acceleration in lifting. Keep the load close to the body. Lift without twisting. Follow the 6-step lifting procedure:

2.

3. 4. 5. a) b) c) d) e) f)

Keep feet parted – one alongside, one behind the object. Keep back straight, nearly vertical. Tuck your chin in Grip the object with the whole hand Tuck elbows and arms in. Keep body weight directly over feet.

Techniques when bulky object are to be handled or when objects are to be carried on shoulder To place an object on a bench or table –

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First set the object on edge and push it far enough onto the support to be sure it will not fall. Release it gradually as you set it down. Move it in place by pushing with the hands and body from in front of the object. This method prevents fingers from getting pinched.

To raise an object above shoulder height –

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Lift the object first to waist height. Rest the edge of the object on a ledge, stand, or hip. Shift hand position so object can be boosted after knees are bent. Straighten out knees as object is lifted or shifted to the shoulders.

3. To change direction, turn the lead foot in the direction of travel before picking up the load. Do not twist your body. In repetitive work, the person will not have to twist his body when moving the material. 4. If the object is too heavy to be handled by one person –  

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Get help. When two or more people are handling the same object, one should “call the signals”. All who are on the lift should know who this head person is and should warn him if any one of the crew is about to relax his grip.

Equipment for Handling 1. Hand tools     

Crowbar Roller Handles of tongs and pliers Hooks Shovels

2. Hand Trucks  

Two-wheeled Four-wheeled

3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9.

Powered Hand Trucks Powered Industrial Trucks Conveyors Cranes Railroad Cars Highway Trucks Ropes, Chains and Slings

Responsibilities Supervisor 

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Must make certain that the employee knows how to move objects safely both by hands or mechanical devices. Only trained and certified are permitted to operate fork trucks, cranes or hoists. Must make sure that the equipment is kept in good mechanical condition.

Employees 

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Observe all establish safety regulations relating to lifting. Must never manually lift or move objects that exceed their limitations.

General Provisions All material in bags, containers, bundles, or stored in tiers shall be stacked, blocked, interlocked, and limited in height so that it is stable and secured against sliding or collapse. 

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Bagged materials shall be stacked by stepping back the layers and cross keying the bags at least every 10 bags high. Material shall be stacked as low as practical and in no case higher than 20 feet unless otherwise specified in this section.

Material stored inside buildings under construction shall not be placed within 6 feet of any hoist way or floor opening, nor within 10 feet of any exterior wall which does not extend above the material stored. Access ways shall be kept clear. Flammable and combustible liquids in a storage building shall be in a NO SMOKING area and separated from combustible construction and other stored materials by 50 feet. Unauthorized persons shall be prohibited from entering storage areas. All persons shall be in a safe position while materials are being loaded or unloaded from railroad cars, trucks, or barges.

Only the brake operator shall be in or on railroad cars while they are being moved. Material shall not be stored on scaffolds or runways in excess of needs for normal placement operations, or in excess of safe load limits. Non compatible materials shall be segregated in storage. Materials will not be moved over or suspended above personnel unless positive precautions have been taken to protect the personnel from falling objects. Persons shall not work or pass under elevated work areas unless protected by overhead projection.

A clearance of 24 inches shall be maintained around the path of travel of fire doors unless a barricade is provided. Material shall not be stored within 36 inches of a fire door opening. Where the movement of materials may be hazardous to persons, taglines or other device shall be used to control the loads being handled by hoisting equipment. They shall be nonconductive when used near energized lines. The hoist rope shall not be wrapped around the load. This requirement shall not apply to electric construction when setting or removing poles. When moving equipment under or near energized lines, a designated person shall assure that required clearance is maintained.

Lumber Lumber shall be stacked level and be supported on stable sills. Lumber shall be stacked to be stable and selfsupporting. Reusable lumber shall have all nails withdrawn before it is stacked for storage. Lumber piles shall not exceed 20 feet in height provided that lumber to be handled manually shall not be stacked more than 16 feet high.

Cement and Lime Bags of cement and lime shall not be stacked more than 10 feet high without setback, except when restrained by walls of appropriate strength. The bags around the outside of the stack shall be placed with the mouths of the bags facing the center of the stack. During un -stacking, the top of the stack shall be kept nearly level and the necessary setback maintained.

Brick Brick shall be stacked on an even, solid surface. Brick stacks shall not be more than 7 feet high. When a loose brick stack reaches a height of 4 feet it shall be tapered back 2 inches in every foot of height above the 4foot level. Unitized brick shall not be stacked more than 3 units high.

Floor, Walls, and Partition Blocks Blocks shall be stacked in tiers on solid, level surfaces. When masonry blocks are stacked higher than 6 feet, the stack shall be tapered back on-half block per tier above the 6-foot level.

Reinforcing, Sheet and Structural Steel Reinforcing steel shall be stored in orderly piles away from walkways and roadways. Structural steel shall be stored piled to prevent members sliding off or the pile toppling over.

Cylindrical Material Structural steel, poles, poles, pipe, bar stock, and other cylindrical materials, unless racked, shall be stacked and blocked so as to prevent spreading or tilting. Pipe, unless racked, shall not be stacked higher than 5 feet. Either a pyramid stack or battened stack shall be used. Where battened stack is used, the outside pile or pole shall be securely choked.

Battened stacks shall be tapered back at least one pile or pole in each tier. Unloading of round material shall be done so that no person is required to be on the unloading side of the carrier after the tie wires have been cut or during the unlocking of the stakes.

Sand, Gravel, and Crushed Stone Operations Standards for the safe sloping and control of pit walls shall be established and followed by the operator. Loose, unconsolidated material shall be stripped for a safe distance (at least 10 feet) from the top of the pit or quarry walls, and shall be sloped to the angle of repose. To insure safe operation, the width and height of benches shall be determined by the equipment to be used and the operation being performed.

Safe means for scaling pit-banks shall be provided. Hazardous banks shall be scaled before other work is performed. Persons shall not work near or under dangerous banks. Overhanging banks shall be removed and unsafe ground conditions shall be corrected, or the areas shall be barricaded and posted. Persons shall approach from above loose rock and areas to be scaled and shall scale from a safe location. Baffle boards, screens, cribbing, or other suitable barriers should be provided where movement of material into cuts constitutes a safety hazard.

Persons shall not work between equipment and the pit wall or bank where the equipment may hinder escape from falls or slides of the bank. Unless the operator is otherwise protected, slushers in excess of 10 horsepower shall be provided with backlash guards. All slushers shall be equipped with rollers and drum covers, and anchored securely before slushing operations are started. Track guardrails, lead rails, and frogs shall be protected or blocked to prevent a person’s foot from becoming wedged. Positive-acting stop blocks, derail devices, track skates, or other adequate means shall be installed wherever necessary to protect persons from runaway or moving railroad equipment.

A quick-close type air valve shall be provided on each piece of pneumatic-powered loading, hauling, and dumping equipment. The valve shall be closed except when the equipment is being operated. Rocker-bottom or bottom-dump rail cars shall be equipped with locking devices. Parked railcars, unless held effectively by brakes, shall be blocked securely. Persons shall not go over, under or between cars unless the train is stopped and the operator has been notified and the notice acknowledged.

Use of Mechanical Equipments Where mechanical handling equipment is used, sufficient safe clearance shall be allowed:   

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For aisles At loading docks Through doorways, and Wherever turns or passage must be made

Aisles and passageways shall be:  

Kept clear and in good repair With no obstruction or in aisled that could create a hazard

Permanent aisles and passageways shall be appropriately marked.

Secure Storage Shall not create hazard. Bag containers, bundle, etc. stored in tiers shall be stacked, blocked, interlocked and limited in heights so that they are stable and secure against sliding or collapse.

Clearance Limits Clearance signs to warn of clearance limits shall be provided

Guarding Cover and/or guardrails shall be provided to protect personnel from the hazards of open pits, tanks, ditches, etc.

Weight Limits DOLE-BWC recommends a 50-lbs (23 kg) limit for compact objects that are regularly lifted.

Manual Lifting and Handling Use only those methods that ensure the safety of both the employee and the materials. Never attempt to lift that are either too heavy or bulky to handle safely. Whenever possible, push rather than pull loads – pushing uses the stronger leg muscles, while pulling uses the easily strained back muscles.

Mechanical Lifting and Handling Mechanical devices must be used for lifting and moving objects that are too heavy or bulky for safe manual handling; however, only employees who have been properly trained are permitted to operate the equipment. Fork truck operators are limited to using fork trucks with a rated capacity of 3 tons or less. In addition, fork truck operators must possess a valid state drivers license. Incidental crane and hoist operators are normally limited to 500 lb without restriction and 2,000 lbs with supervisory approval for loads that do not require special rigging.

Mechanical Lifting Equipment Periodically inspect and, when necessary, repair all mechanical lifting or moving devices. Never, under any circumstances, operate defective equipment. Drive fork trucks forward when going up a ramp and backward when going down. Do not allow anyone to pass under a raised load; call out a warning if necessary. Check floor load-limits before mobile lifting equipment enters an area, and do not exceed these limits. Do not carry passengers on lifting equipment unless it is specifically equipped for that purpose.

Material Storage Materials that are radioactive, fissile, flammable, explosive, oxidizing, corrosive, or pyrophoric must be stored only under conditions that have been approved by the Hazards Control Department. Segregate and store incompatible materials in separate locations. Store other materials such as cartons, boxes, drums, lumber, pipe and bar stock, etc., in racks or stack them in stable piles that are appropriate for the type of material. To prevent earthquake damage, secure the racks with tie-downs.

Storage Facilities Material to be stored must not exceed either the rated floor capacity for the area or the weight capacity of the storage racks. Post in a conspicuous location the load limit and the maximum height to which material may be stacked. Mark traffic lanes and loading areas appropriately and keep them clear. The floors in these areas must always be maintained in good condition.

Suspended Loads Do not stand under a load suspended by mechanical devices. In addition, an equipment operator should plan the pathway that will be used to transport a load so that it does not travel over personnel Ensure that the lifting device has a redundant supporting system that could prevent the suspended material from falling if the device fails. Never leave a suspended load unattended; lower the object to the floor of working surface and secure the handling or lifting device before leaving.

Packing and Crating Packing and crating for off-site shipment shall be performed only by personnel of the Shipping Department.

Truck Loading All objects loaded onto trucks must be firmly secured to the truck to prevent the load from shifting in transit. Block the wheels of trucks being loaded or unloaded at a loading dock to prevent movement.

Housekeeping All stairways, passageways, gangways and access ways shall be kept free of materials, supplies, and obstructions at all times. Loose or light material shall not be stored or left on roofs or floors that are not closed in, unless it is safely secured. Tools, materials, extension cords, hoses, or debris shall not cause tripping or other hazard. Tools, materials, and equipment subject to displacement or falling shall be adequately secured. Empty bags having contained lime, cement, and other dust-producing material shall be removed periodically as specified by the designated authority.

Protruding nails in scrap boards, planks, and timbers shall be removed, hammered in, or bent over flush with the wood unless placed in containers or trucks for removal. Walkways, runways, and sidewalks shall be kept clear of excavated material or other obstructions and no sidewalks shall be undermined unless shored to carry a minimum live load of one hundred and twenty-five (125) pounds per square foot. Containers shall be provided for storing or carrying rivers, bolts and drift pins, and secured against accidental displacement when aloft. When rivet heads are knocked off, or backed out, they shall be kept from falling.

Form and scrap lumber and debris shall be cleared from work areas, passageways, and stairs in and around building storage yards and other structures. All storage and construction sites shall be kept free from the accumulation of combustible materials. Weeds and grass shall be kept down. A regular procedure shall be established for cleanup of the area as specified by the designated authority. Rubbish, brush, long grass, or other combustible material shall be kept from areas where flammable and combustible liquids are stored, handled, or processed.

Accumulation of flammable and combustible liquids on floors, walls, etc., is prohibited. All spills of flammable and combustible liquids shall be cleaned up immediately. Contractors shall provided sufficient personnel and equipment to insure compliance with all housekeeping requirements. Work will not be allowed in those areas that do not comply with the above-mentioned requirements. Contractors will inspect the work area daily for adequate housekeeping and record unsatisfactory findings on the daily inspection report.

Storage of materials shall be kept free from accumulation of materials that constitute hazards from tripping, fire, explosion, or pest harborage. Vegetation control shall be exercised when necessary.

Waste Material Disposal Scrap material shall be placed in piles or containers. Waste material and rubbish shall be placed in containers. Chutes for debris shall be enclosed except fro openings equipped with closures at or about floor level for the insertion of materials. The openings shall not exceed 48 inches in height measured along the wall of the chute. Openings at all stories below the top floor shall be kept closed down when not in used.

Whenever materials are dropped to any point lying outside the exterior walls of the building, an enclosed chute of wood, or equivalent material, shall be used. Waste material and rubbish shall not be thrown down from a height of more than 6 feet unless the subsequent provision is complied with. When debris that cannot be handled by chutes is dropped, the area onto which the material is dropped shall be enclosed with barricades not less than 42 inches high and not less than 6 feet back from the projected edge of the opening above. Signs warning of the hazard of falling material shall be posted at each level.

Separate covered non-flammable/non-reactive labeled containers shall be provided for the collection of garbage, oily, flammable, and hazardous wastes (such as caustics, acids, and harmful dust). The contents shall be properly disposed of daily. Used roofing mops shall be stored outside the building away from combustible materials.