Day 2 Hazard Identification, Assesment & Control.ppt

HAZARDS IDENTIFICATION, ASSESSMENT AND CONTROL (BUREAU OF WORKING CONDITIONS)

HAZARDS

Any existing or potential condition in the workplace that, by itself or interacting with other variables, can result in death, injuries, property damage and other losses. Hazards are grouped into two broad categories, namely:

a) Those dealing with safety and injuries. b) Those dealing with health and illnesses.

(BUREAU OF WORKING CONDITIONS)

HAZARDS ASSESSMENT

Definition: The systematic use of all available information to identify hazards in order to analyze and evaluate their overall effect on people, property and the environment.

(BUREAU OF WORKING CONDITIONS)

HAZARDS ASSESSMENT

Purpose: Uncover overlooked hazards Locate new hazards that developed Determine essential factors or requirements for specific processes or operations Modify processes or operations if needed Identify situational hazards Identify human causal factors Identify exposure causal factors Identify physical causal factors Determine appropriate monitoring methods (BUREAU OF WORKING CONDITIONS)

OPERATIONAL AND MANAGEMENT SYSTEMS TO UNCOVER HAZARDS (Hazards Analysis)

May have been overlooked in the layout of the plant or the building and in the design of machinery, equipment and processes;

May have been developed after production started; May exist because original procedures and tasks were modified.

(BUREAU OF WORKING CONDITIONS)

HAZARDS ASSESSMENT (BUREAU OF WORKING CONDITIONS)

Benefits: Identifies hazardous conditions and potential accidents; Provides information with which effective control measures can be established; Determines level of knowledge and skill as well as physical requirements workers need to execute specific tasks; Discovers and eliminates unsafe procedures, techniques, motions, positions and actions.

HAZARDS ASSESSMENT (BUREAU OF WORKING CONDITIONS)

Processes, Tasks, & Operations to be Analyzed Frequency of Accidents

100 50 0

1st Qtr

New or Altered Equipment, Processes and Operations

4th Qtr

Severity of Injury

Potential for Injury

Excessive Material Waste or Damage to Equipment

PROCESSES FOR AN EFFECTIVE HAZARD CONTROL PROGRAM (BUREAU OF WORKING CONDITIONS)

Hazard identification and evaluation Ranking hazard by risk

Management decision making Establishing preventive and corrective measures

Monitoring Evaluating program effectiveness

SOURCES OF WORKPLACE HAZARD INFORMATION (BUREAU OF WORKING CONDITIONS)

Those who are familiar with plant operations and the hazards associated with them; Hazard information from manufacturers of industrial equipment, tools and machinery acquired by the company;

From accident and old inspection reports (either internal or external); Hazard analysis and thorough knowledge of the demands of a particular task; Material safety data sheets; Technical and Professional Associations.

HAZARDS IDENTIFICATION (BUREAU OF WORKING CONDITIONS)

Components: Information about the industry Information on working conditions Information on materials and substances Information about the machine/equipment Other items to be evaluated

(BUREAU OF WORKING CONDITIONS)

COMPONENTS OF HAZARDS IDENTIFICATION (BUREAU OF WORKING CONDITIONS)

Information about the industry: •

Workers involved

•

•

History of accidents/illnesses and causes

Systems of management control

COMPONENTS OF HAZARDS IDENTIFICATION (BUREAU OF WORKING CONDITIONS)

Information on working conditions:

Workplace and environment

Construction of structure and facilities

Processes, operational methods and practices

COMPONENTS OF HAZARDS IDENTIFICATION (BUREAU OF WORKING CONDITIONS)

Information on materials and substances: Quantity of materials/substances involved Substance/material data (chemical and physical) Safety-related data (ex: explosive limit, flash point, etc.) Toxicology related data ( toxicity, effects, etc.) Threshold limit values

COMPONENTS OF HAZARDS IDENTIFICATION (BUREAU OF WORKING CONDITIONS)

Information about the machine and/or equipment:

Design and construction Installation and maintenance Protective and safety devices

COMPONENTS OF HAZARDS IDENTIFICATION (BUREAU OF WORKING CONDITIONS)

Other items to be evaluated: Environmental factors Hazardous supplies and materials Production and related equipment Power source equipment Electrical equipment Hand tools Personal protective equipment Personal service & first-aid facilities Fire protection and control facilities Walkways and roadways

Elevators and materials lift Working surfaces, platforms, etc. Material handling equipment Transportation equipment Warning and signaling devices Containers, storage facilities, etc. Structural openings and other building structures

HAZARD IDENTIFICATION (BUREAU OF WORKING CONDITIONS)

INPUT

PROCESS

OUTPUT

Databases Previous work

Experience Site visits Plant facilities Safety systems Assumptions

PROCESS OF HAZARD IDENTIFICATION

Failure cases (Accidents)

PROCESS OF HAZARD IDENTIFICATION (BUREAU OF WORKING CONDITIONS)

Design, Facilities, Safety Systems, Procedures, Assumptions Establish Knowledge Base Perform Hazard Review Generate Failure Cases Ranking/Screening of Failure Cases Cause and Frequency Analysis Consequence Evaluation

PROCESS OF HAZARD IDENTIFICATION (BUREAU OF WORKING CONDITIONS)

Design, Facilities, Safety Systems, Procedures, Assumptions Establish Knowledge Base

Identify, locate and access sources of data, information and knowledge (accident databases, previous reports, general literature, reference documents, other agencies, experts

Perform Hazard Review Generate Failure Cases Ranking/Screening of Failure Cases

Cause and Frequency Analysis Consequence Evaluation

Knowledge base should: -give a comprehensive overview of available knowledge. -allow quick location and retrieval of knowledge. - allow efficient screening of the sources of knowledge and their particular relevance for subjects studied.

PROCESS OF HAZARD IDENTIFICATION BUREAU OF WORKING CONDITIONS)

Design, Facilities, Safety Systems, Procedures, Assumptions Establish Knowledge Base

Use the accumulated knowledge to tailor make (produce checklists, questions, etc.) a hazard review of the facilities and operations.

Perform Hazard Review Generate Failure Cases Ranking/Screening of Failure Cases

Cause and Frequency Analysis Consequence Evaluation

Hazard review output: - hazards in the form of coarse areas or groups of failures/ accident types which should be reviewed/studied further.

- factors which are important for mitigation or propagation of a failure/accident.

PROCESS OF HAZARD IDENTIFICATION (BUREAU OF WORKING CONDITIONS)

Design, Facilities, Safety Systems, Procedures, Assumptions Establish Knowledge Base Perform Hazard Review Generate Failure Cases Ranking/Screening of Failure Cases

Cause and Frequency Analysis Consequence Evaluation

Conversion of a range of possible accidents into a manageable set of discrete accidents, using examples of previous accidents, engineering judgement and accumulated knowledge.

PROCESS OF HAZARD IDENTIFICATION (BUREAU OF WORKING CONDITIONS)

Design, Facilities, Safety Systems, Procedures, Assumptions Establish Knowledge Base Perform Hazard review Generate Failure Cases Ranking/Screening of Failure Cases

Cause and Frequency Analysis Consequence Evaluation

Evaluation of the frequency and consequence of each failure case in order to its contribution risk (e.g. negligible, minor, relevant, serious, or major) and in order to screen out insignificant hazards and put emphasis on important ones.

RANKING HAZARD BY RISK (BUREAU OF WORKING CONDITIONS)

Consequence Category Probability Category Exposure Category

HAZARD CONSEQUENCE CATEGORIES (BUREAU OF WORKING CONDITIONS)

Consequence Rating (Points)

Explanation

4

Catastrophic – may cause death or loss of a facility.

3

Critical – may cause severe injury, severe occupational illness, or major property damage.

2

1

Marginal – may cause minor injury or minor occupational illness resulting in lost workday(s) or minor property damage. Negligible – probably would not affect personnel safety or health, thus less than a lost workday, but nevertheless is in violation of specific criteria.

RANKING HAZARDS BY RISK

Purpose: To address hazards according to the principle of “worst first”. It provides a consistent guide for corrective action, specifying which hazardous conditions warrant immediate action, which have secondary priority and which can be addressed in the future.

(BUREAU OF WORKING CONDITIONS)

HAZARD PROBABILITY CATEGORIES Probability Rating (Points)

4

Explanation (Qualitative Estimate) Likely to occur immediately or within a short period of time when exposed to hazard

3

Probably will occur in time

2

Possible to occur in time

1

Unlikely to occur

(BUREAU OF WORKING CONDITIONS)

EXPOSURE CATEGORY

After estimating both consequence and probability, the next and final step is to estimate worker exposure to the hazard. The number of persons regularly exposed to the hazard must be evaluated to determine how many workers would ordinarily be exposed to the hazard.

(BUREAU OF WORKING CONDITIONS)

HAZARD EXPOSURE CATEGORIES Exposure Rating (Points)

Explanation

4

Greater than 50 different persons regularly exposed to the hazard.

3

From 10-49 different persons regularly exposed to the hazard.

2

From 5 to 9 different persons regularly exposed to the hazard.

1

Less than 5 different persons regularly exposed to the hazard.

(BUREAU OF WORKING CONDITIONS)

RISK ASSESSMENT (BUREAU OF WORKING CONDITIONS)

*RAC No.

Risk Rating

Title

1

11 – 12

Critical

2

8 – 10

Serious

3

6–7

Moderate

4

4–5

Minor

5

3

(Points)

Negligible

Risk Rating = Consequence rating+Probability rating+ Exposure rating RAC – Risk Assessment Code; Rating: min. = (3 points), max. = (12 points)

RISK PRIORITY RATING (BUREAU OF WORKING CONDITIONS)

Risk Rating

Title

Correction Priority

11 – 12

Critical

E = Emergency

8 – 10

Serious

A = 1 week

6–7

Moderate

B = 1 month

4–5

Minor

3

Negligible

C = 3 months D = 6 months

MANAGEMENT DECISION MAKING (BUREAU OF WORKING CONDITIONS)

Providing management with full and accurate information,including all possible alternatives, so managers can make intelligent decisions concerning loss control. Such alternatives will include recommendations for: Training and education Environmental controls Better methods and procedures Equipment repairs or replacements Re-design the workplace or its components

ESTABLISHING PREVENTIVE AND CORRECTIVE MEASURES

General Hazard Controls: Administrative Controls Engineering Controls Personal Protective Equipment

(BUREAU OF WORKING CONDITIONS)

ADMINISTRATIVE CONTROLS

Personnel Management Monitoring Limiting worker exposure Measuring performance Training and education Housekeeping and maintenance Purchasing

(BUREAU OF WORKING CONDITIONS)

ENGINEERING CONTROLS (BUREAU OF WORKING CONDITIONS)

Isolation of source Lockout procedures Design Process or procedural changes Monitoring and warning equipment Chemical or material substitution

PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT

PURPOSE:

To reduce exposures while other controls are being implemented.

To provide protection during activities such as maintenance and repairs when controls are not feasible. To provide protection during emergencies. To supplement other controls. (BUREAU OF WORKING CONDITIONS)

3 MAJOR AREAS WHERE HAZARDOUS CONDITIONS CAN BE CONTROLLED OR ELIMINATED

To attack a hazard at its source. To control the hazard along its path. To direct control efforts at the receiver, the worker.

PATH SOURCE

(BUREAU OF WORKING CONDITIONS)

RECEIVER

MONITORING (BUREAU OF WORKING CONDITIONS)

To provide assurance that hazard controls are working properly; To ensure that modifications have not so altered the workplace that current hazard controls can no longer function adequately; To discover/locate new or previously undetected hazards and assess effectiveness of existing controls. COVERAGE: •Inspection •Industrial hygiene testing •Medical surveillance

EVALUATING PROGRAM EFFECTIVENESS (BUREAU OF WORKING CONDITIONS)

The final process in hazard control is to evaluate the effectiveness of the safety and health program. Evaluation involves answering the following questions: What is being done to locate and control hazards? What impact are the benefits having on improving operational efficiency and effectiveness?

SAMPLE

RISK ASSESSMENT MATRIX (BUREAU OF WORKING CONDITIONS)

Dept. /Area

No. of Workers Exposed

Hazards identified

R A C

Risk Rating

Correction Priority Rating

Consequence Rating

Probability Rating

Exposure Rating

Recommended Corrective Action

Prepared / Inspected by: ___________________________ Date: ____________________ Time:____________ Checked / Verified by: ____________________________ Date: ___________________

STATUS/ Remarks

BUREAU OF WORKING CONDITIONS