Children Rights

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vlYtcGifhta&;ynmay;Xme (jrefrmEdkifiH)

5/16/2007, 7:07 PM

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a&;om;ol rsufEmS zH;k twGi;f umwGe;f pmtkyftjyiftqif -

Aung Myo Min Director (HREIB)

Han Lay Saw Ngo M M M Lwin

yHkESdyf - vlYtcGifhta&;ynmay;Xme (jrefrmEdkifiH) tkyfa& - yxrtBudrf (2000) qufo, G &f ef Human Rights Education Institute of Burma (HREIB) G.P.O Box 485, Chiang Mai 50000, Thailand. E-mail : [email protected] http://www.hreib.com, www.hreib.org

vlYtcGifhta&;ynmay;Xme (jrefrmEdkifiH) 2

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5/16/2007, 7:07 PM

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vlYtcGifhta&;ynmay;Xme (jrefrmEdkifiH)

5/16/2007, 7:07 PM

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vlYtcGifhta&;ynmay;Xme (jrefrmEdkifiH) 4

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vlYtcGifhta&;ynmay;Xme (jrefrmEdkifiH)

5/16/2007, 7:07 PM

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1 United Nations Protocol to Prevent, Suppress, and Punish Trafficking in Persons, Especially Women and Children,

Supplementing the UN Convention Against Transnational Organized Crime’ (2000).

vlYtcGifhta&;ynmay;Xme (jrefrmEdkifiH) 6

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5/16/2007, 7:07 PM

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2 United Nations Protocol to Prevent, Suppress, and Punish Trafficking in Persons, Especially Women and Children,

Supplementing the UN Convention Against Transnational Organized Crime’ (2000).

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vlYtcGifhta&;ynmay;Xme (jrefrmEdkifiH)

5/16/2007, 7:07 PM

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vlYtcGifhta&;ynmay;Xme (jrefrmEdkifiH)

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uav;ul;oef;a&mif;0,frIyaysmufzdkY 0dkif;0ef;aqmif&GufMuygpdkY

wode;f ig;aomif;cef@cv kd v H_ su&f o dS nf? aemufxyf vlO;D a&ajcmufoed ;f rS q,foed ;f cef@ ta&twGuf&Sdaom jynfolrsm;rSm EdkifiHtwGif;twnfwusraeEdkifbJ vSnhfvnf aexdkifae&vsuf&Sdonf? xdk@jyif vufeufudkifppfyJGrsm;a=umifhjzpfap/ pD;yGm;a&;=uyf wnf;r_w@kd a=umifjh zpfap ae&if;ajrudyk pfcmG I xdik ;f Edik if w H iG f a&G@ajymif;tvkyo f rm;rsm; tjzpf vma&mufvkyfudkifaeaom jrefrmEdkifiHom;aygif; woef;cef@&Sdaeao;onf? tpdk;&.tkyfcsKyfr_!hHzsif;jcif;a=umifh pD;yGm;a&;wdk;wufr_enf;yg;I qif;&J rJaG waeaomjrefrmEdik if EH iS hf pD;yGm;a&;wd;k wufaumif;rGeaf eaom tdref ;D csi;f Edik if rH sm;. tajctaeuGm[csufuvJ jrefrmEdkifiHrS trsdK;orD;rsm;ESifhuav;rsm; ul;oef; a&mif;0,fcH&jcif;. t"dutajccHta=umif;&if;jzpfaeonf[k avhvmolrsm;u wGufqonf? jrefrmEdkifiHonf urBmay:&Sd tqif;&JqHk;EdkifiHpm&if;wGif yg0ifae,Hk omru zH@G +zdK;wd;k wufrt _ enf;qH;k Edik if t H jzpf owfrw S cf x H m;&vsu&f . dS ? omrefro d m; pkrsm;tzdk@ ae@pOfxrif;eyfrSef&eftwGuf aexGufrSae0if}udK;yrf;&Smpm;&efvdktyf aeovdk tvkyt f udik &f mS ;yg;r_rmS vnf; ,cktcsed w f iG f txl;qd;k 0g;vsu&f o dS nf? tpd;k & 0efxrf;rsm;. vpmrSm tqrwefjrifhrm;aeaom ,ae@ukefaps;E_ef;rsm;ESifh E_dif;,SOf ygu rajymyavmufatmifenf;yg;vsu&f o dS nf? xd@k jyif v,form;ESihf aus;vufa'o rSjynforl sm;rSm tpd;k &u trnftrsKd ;rsKd ;jzifah umufcaH evsu&f adS om tcGet f aumuf rsKd ;pHw k @kd '%fa=umifh wae@wjcm; pm;0wfaea&;csKd @wv hJ mcJ=h uonf? wae@vyk rf w S ae@ pm;&aomtqifx h ufausmI f ESp&f ufvyk af omfvnf; wae@twGupf m;p&mravmuf aomtjzpfrsKd ;a&mufvmcJ=h uonf? xd@k a=umifh jrefrmEdik if o H m;trsm;tjym;onf rdrd wdkif;jynftwGif;&SmazGpm;aomuf&efrvG,fawmhonfhtwGuf eD;pyf&mEdkifiHrsm;odk@ a&=unf&mjrufE&k m&SmazG&efxu G v f mcJ=h uonf? wcsed x f rJ mS yif tdref ;D csi;f Edik if rH sm;. pufrp_ ;D yGm;a&;zH@G +zdK;wd;k wufrr_ sm;ESifh aps;uGupf ;D yGm;a&;zGiahf y;jcif;a=umifh tjcm;Edik if H rsm;rS &if;ES;D jrSyef rHS r_ sm;jym;vmr_rsm;uvnf; jrefrmEdik if o H m;rsm;twGuf tvkyt f udik f rsm;zefwD;ay;vsuf&Sdonf? xdkodk@tajctaersdK;a=umifh jrefrmEdkifiHom;trsm;tjym; onf EdkifiHrSxGufcGmI tjcm;EdkifiHrsm;wGif &&mtvkyfvkyfudkif&ef ae@pOfxGufcGmae vsuf&Sd.? xdkoltrsm;tjym;rSm vlukeful;oef;a&mif;0,folrsm;. om;aumifrsm; jzpfvmcJh=u+yD; vkyftm;tjrwfxkwfapcdkif;aomvkyfief;rsm;wGif a&mif;cscHcJh&onf? xdk@a=umifhjrefrmEdkifiHonf vlukeful;oef;a&mif;0,fcH&olrsm;. rlvtpEdkifiHwEdkifiH vlYtcGifhta&;ynmay;Xme (jrefrmEdkifiH) 10

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uav;ul;oef;a&mif;0,frIyaysmufzdkY 0dkif;0ef;aqmif&GufMuygpdkY

tjzpfodk@ a&muf&SdvmcJhawmhonf/ xdkolrsm;teuf trsdK;orD;ESifhuav;rsm;wdk@rSm vluek u f ;l oef;a&mif;0,fcrH sm;tjzpfo@kd tvG,w f ulusa&mufuek =f u.? jrefrmEdik if rH S uav;rsm;tjcm;EdkifiHodk@ ESpfpOfESpfwdkif; ul;oef;a&mif;cscHae&vsuf&Sdaomfvnf; ppftpd;k &. owif;tarSmifcsxm;r_EiS hf vGwv f yfaomppfwrf;rsm; aumuf,El ikd jf cif; r&Srd a_ =umifh rnfr#u;l oef;a&mif;0,fc&H onfqakd om ta&twGut f wdtus udo k &d dS &efcufcv J o S nf? od@k aomf jrefrmEdik if o H nf tar&dueftpd;k &uESppf Of xkwjf yefaom Edik if rH sm;. vl@tcGit hf a&;tpD&ifcpH mwGif uav;ul;oef;a&mif;0,frE_ iS hf ywfoufI tqd;k 0g;qH;k Edik if t H qifw h iG yf g0ifaeovdk jrefrmEdik if rH S uav;i,frsm;onf tdref ;D csi;f EdkifiHrsm;odkŒ trsm;tjym;ul;oef;a&mif;0,fcHae&onf[k ukvor*~uav;tcGifh ta&;qdkif&maumfrwDu 2004 ckESpfwGif vlod&Sif=um;xkwfazmfajymqdkcJhonf?3 xdk@jyif jrefrmEdkifiHESifhqufpyfvsuf&Sdaom xdkif;EdkifiHtygt0if tjcm;tm&S Edik if rH sm;jzpfaom w¶kw/f rav;&Sm;/ *syef/ pifumylEiS hf ygupPwefEikd if w H @kd wiG f vdiv f yk f ief;rsm; vGefcJhaomq,fESpftwGif; }uD;rm;wdk;yGm;vmcJhonf? EdkifiHjcm;c&D;oGm; vkyfief;wdk;jr‡ifhvmonfEiS t hf wl xdv k yk if ef;.qd;k usKd ;jzpfaom aps;aygaomvdiq f ufqrH _ twGuf vma&mufvnfywforl sm;vJ wd;k yGm;vmcJo h nf? xdo k @kd w;kd yGm;vmcsurf sm;udk jznfhqnf;ay;&eftwGuf trsdK;orD;ESifh uav;rsm;udk vdifvkyfief;wGifapcdkif;&ef twGuf ul;oef;a&mif;0,fr_rSmvnf; ydkrdkrsm;jym;vmcJh.? txl;ojzifh uav;i,f rsm;udk ydkrdkypfrSwfxm;I ul;oef;a&mif;0,fvmcJhonf? tb,fa=umifhqdkaomf uav;i,frsm;rSm t&G,fi,fonfhtwGuf ‚if;wdk@udk xdef;odrf;csKyfukdif&efvG,ful aoma=umifhtjyif uav;rsm;ESifhqufqHygu attdkif'Dtufpfa&m*gtygt0if vdiq f ufqrH a_ =umifh ul;pufonfah &m*grsm;rjzpfEikd [ f k vGrJ mS ;pGm,H=k unfaoma=umifh uav;rsm;rSm vdifvkyfief;rsm;xJodk@ ydkrdkydk@aqmifcHcJh=u&onf? tzJG@tpnf;wck. ppfwrf;t& xdkif;EdkifiH&Sd vdifvkyfief;rsm;wGiftoHk;cs&ef ul;oef;a&mif;0,fcH&aom trsKd ;orD;rsm;. oH;k q,f&mcdik Ef e_ ;f rSm touf (18)ESpaf tmuft&G,rf sm;jzpfonfukd awG@&onf? xdt k rsKd ;orD;rsm;rSm toufi,f&, G af om tysKd pifrsm;ESiq hf ufqv H akd om vdiq f ufqaH ysmyf g;vdo k rl sm;. aps;uGuu f kd jznfq h nf;&eftwGuf ul;oef;a&mif;0,f 3 : “Concluding Observations: Myanmar,” Thirty-sixth session of the UN Committee on the Rights of the Child, UN Committee

on the Rights of the Child, 4 June 2004).

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uav;rsm;ul;oef;a&mif;cH&onft h aMumif;&if;tcsufrsm; qif;&J=uyfwnf;r_ESifh tvkyftudkifr&Sdr_ ynma&;ESifh A[kokwedrfhusr_ Edik if rH sm;t=um; pD;yGm;a&;zH@G +zdK;r_tajctaerwlnjD cif;a=umifh tjcm;Edik if rH sm; wGifvma&muftvkyfvkyf&r_/ trsKd ;orD;i,frsm;t=um; wef;wlynma&;r&Srd E_ iS hf trsKd ;orD;i,frsm;tay: wef;wlwefzdk;xm;jcif;r&Sdr_/ c&D;oGm;vkyif ef;rsm;wd;k wufvmonfEh iS t hf r# vdicf &D;oGm;vkyif ef;wd;k wuf vmr_/ vufeufudkifyÉdyuQrsm;ESifh vl@tcGifhta&;csdK;azmufr_/ oufqkdif&mwm0ef&Sdolrsm;. vm'fpm;r_/ oufqdkif&mtpdk;&rsm;. umuG,fwm;qD;r_,EW&m;tm;enf;r_/ vlul;oef;a&mif;0,fjcif;onf usL;vGefolrsm;twGuf tjrwftpGef;rsm;r_/ uav;rsm;tay:xm;&Sdonfh rSm;,Gif;onfhtpJGrsm;&Sdapr_ (uav;rsm;ESifh vdifqufqHygu a&m*gr&Edkif/ uav;rsm;udk u|eftjzpfapcdkif;jcif;onf tjypfr&S)d Burma Actoifwef;rSavhvmcsuf jrefrmEdkifiH&Sd uav;ul;oef;a&mif;0,fr_udk avhvm&mwGif jynfwGif;Y ul;oef;a&mif;0,frE_ iS hf jynfyod@k yd@k aqmifa&mif;0,fr[ _ I l ESprf sKd ;awG@&.? jynfwiG ;f Y a&mif;0,frq _ &kd mwGif aus;vufa'orSuav;rsm;udk +rdK@}uD;rsm; od@k r[kwf pD;yGm;a&; aumif;rGefaom e,fpyfa'orsm;odk@ac:aqmifIqdkifrsm;wGif pm;yJGxdk;rsm;/ ulvDrsm; tjzpfa&mif;csjcif;rsm;/ uav;i,frsm;udk uav;jynfw h efqmrsm;tjzpfapcdik ;f toH;k cs jcif;rsm;udak wG@&onf? tcsKd @uav;rsm;udk twif;t=uyfac:aqmifIjzpfap/ rodem;r vnfr_udkta=umif;jyKI vdrfnmvSnfhzsm;Ijzpfap ppfwyftwGif;odk@ydk@aqmifum aiGa=u;&,lr_rSmvJ uav;ul;oef;a&mif;0,fr_wrsdK;yifjzpf.? ul;oef;a&mif;0,fcH& vlYtcGifhta&;ynmay;Xme (jrefrmEdkifiH) 12

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aomolrsm;onf ,cifuqdkv#if wdkif;&if;om;vlrsdK;rsm;aexdkifonfha'orsm;ESifh aus;vufa'owd@k rt S rsm;qH;k jzpfcahJ omfvnf; ,cktcgwiG f +rdK@jyrsm;rSorl sm;yg0ifvm onfukd awG@&&dS onf? jrefrmEdkifiHrS tjcm;EdkifiHokd@ul;oef;a&mif;0,fr_vrf;a=umif;udk avhvm&m wGif xdik ;f Edik if /H w&kwEf ikd if /H tdE, Nd Edik if EH iS hf b*Fvm;a'h&EfS ikd if w H @kd qo D @kd ul;oef;a&mif;0,f avh&Sda=umif;awG@&onf? tcsdK@aomtjzpftysufrsm;wGif jrefrmEdkifiHom;rsm;udk b*Fvm;a'h&SfEdkifiHrSwqifh ygupPwefEdkifiHodk@vnf;aumif;/ xdkif;EdkifiHrS rav;&Sm;/ pifumylESifh tjcm;taemufEdkifiHrsm;odk@vnf;aumif; xyfrHydk@aqmiful;oef;a&mif; 0,fonfuv kd nf;awG@&onf? xl;jcm;csuw f ckrmS w&kwEf ikd if aH wmifyikd ;f jynfe,frsm;rS trsdK;om;rsm;/ trsdK;orD;rsm;ESifh uav;rsm;udk jrefrmEdkifiHrSwqifhjzwfausmfI xdkif;EdkifiHodk@ ul;oef;a&mif;0,faomtjzpftysufrsm;udkvnf; pHkprf;awG@&Sd&onf?

jrefrmEdik if rH S tjcm;Edik if rH sm;odYk vluek u f ;l rIvrf;aMumif;rsm; jrefrmEdik if EH iS hf xdik ;f Edik if eH ,fpyfa'o (r,fqikd /f rJaqmuf/ &aemif;/ uefcseyl&)D wd@k rw S qifh jrefrmtrsKd ;orD;rsm;ESihf uav;rsm;tm; ul;oef;a&mif;0,fr/_ xdrk w S qifh rav;&Sm;/ pifumyl/ *syef/ wdik 0f rfEiS hf tjcm;taemufEikd if rH sm;od@k ul;oef;a&mif;0,fr/_ jrefrmEdkifiHrS w&kwfEdkifiHe,fpyf ,leefjynfe,fodk@ ul;oef;a&mif;0,fr_/ jrefrmEdkifiHrS csi;f jynfe,f/ ppfuikd ;f wdik ;f wd@k rw S qifh tdE, Nd Edik if o H @kd ul;oef;a&mif;0,fr/_ jrefrmEdik if rH S b*Fvm;a'h&SfEdkifiH/ xdkrSwqifh ygupPwefESifh ,lattD;EdkifiHrsm;odk@wqifh ul;oef; a&mif;0,frw _ ‹kd ukd avhvmawG‹&&dS onf? (pmrsuEf mS 14 ajryHo k Œkd )

ul;oef;a&mif;0,fonf&h nf½, G cf suf vdifvkyfief;rsm;wGifjynfhwefqmtjzpfapcdkif;&eftwGuf ul;oef; a&mif ; 0,f j cif ; ? jrefrmEdkifiHrS trsdK;orD;rsm;ESifh uav;trsm;pkrSm tdrfeD;em;csif;EdkifiHrsm;&Sd jynfhwefqmvkyfief;rsm;wGif apcdkif;&eftwGuf trsm;qHk;ul;oef;a&mif;0,fcH&onf udkawG@&onf? pm;0wfaea&;twGuf jyifyodk@tvkyfxGuf&Smvdk=uaom trsdK;orD; i,frsm;udk jyifyEdik if w H iG f oufoufomomESihf 0ifaiGaumif;aom tvkyrf sm;&&Srd nf qdak om*wdrsm;/ vdrv f nfvn S zhf sm;r_rsm;jzifh wzufEikd if u H akd c:aqmifvm+yD; vdiv f yk f 13 vlYtcGifhta&;ynmay;Xme (jrefrmEdkifiH) childtraving.pmd

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jrefrmEdik if rH S tjcm;Edik if rH sm;odYk vluek u f ;l rIvrf;aMumif;rsm;

vlYtcGifhta&;ynmay;Xme (jrefrmEdkifiH) 14

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ief;rsm;wGifvkyfudkif&efa&mif;pm;cH&onf? xdktjzpfrsdK;udk xdkif;EkdifiHae&m trsm;tjym;ESifh jrefrmjynfESifh xdpyfaeaom w¶kwEf ikd if H ,l eefc±dik w f @kd wiG f trsm;qH;k awG@Eikd o f nf? tcsKd @t rsdK;orD;i,frsm;rSm xdkif;EkdifiHrSwqifh rav; &Sm;/ pifumyl/ *syef/ xdik 0f rfEiS hf tjcm; Oa&myESihf taemufEikd if rH sm;od@k enf;t rsKd ;rsKd ;jzifyh @kd aqmifa&mif;csum jynfw h efqm vkyif ef;rsm;od@k oGyo f iG ;f cH&a=umif; tpD&if cHpmrsm;uqdo k nf? xd@k jyif b*Fvm;a'h&EfS ikd if rH S ¶d[ k if*smtrsKd ;orD;rsm;udk ygupPwef Edik if /H aqmf't D m;a&;AD;,m;Edik if EH iS hf ,lattD;Edik if rH sm;od@k ydŒk aqmifI vdiv f yk if ef;rsm; 4 wGifapcdkif;&ef ul;oef;a&mif;0,fcH&onf? jynfhwefqmvkyfief;rsm;wGifapcdkif;cH&aom trsdK;orD;i,ftrsm;pkrSm xdv k yk if ef;rsm;wGif vkyu f ikd &f rnfukd }udKwifrod&b dS J vdrv f nfvn S zhf sm;+yD; a&mif;cscH &olrsm;jzpfonf? vdrv f nfvn S zhf sm;+yD;ac:aqmif vmolrsm;rSm wpdr;f vlrsm;xuf odu|r;f zl;aom rdwfaqGrsm;/ aqGrsdK;eD;pyfrsm;jzpf aewwf=u+yD; xdo k rl sm;tay: ,H=k unfcrhJ a_ =umifh a&mif;pm;cHol trsm;pkjzpfonf? trsdK;orD;i,frsm;udk vlyJGpm; rsm;u jynf@wefqm¶Hkrsm;xH tca=u;aiGjzifh a&mif ; pm;oG m ;+yD ; xd k t ca=u;aiG r ausrcsif ; jynfhwefqmvkyfief;rsm;wGif vkyfudkif&avh&Sd onf? od@k &mwGif xdak &mif;csomG ;onfah iGyrm% rnfr#&Sda=umif; odcGifhr&Sday? trsm;pkrSm xdkodk@ taºuG;jyefacsaepOf aiGa=u;wjym;wcsyfrSr&Sdonfhtjyif ‚if;wkd@oHk;pJGonfh t0wf tpm;/ toH;k taqmifrsm;twGuf ukeu f saiGrsm;udk xyfraH y;qyf&ao;onf? xdo k @kd a&mif;csc&H aom trsKd ;orD;rsm; xGuaf jy;rnfupkd ;kd &dro f nft h wGuf xdt k rsKd ;orD;i,f 4 Images Asia / Belak, B (2002): “Gathering Strength – Women from Burma

on their rights” and Terre des Hommes (2002): “Kurzinfo: Kinderhandel in Suedostasien – Myanmar (Burma)”.

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rsm;udk jyifyod@k xu G cf iG v hf ;kH 0rjyKyg? xdt k rsKd ;orD;rsm;rSm wjcm;wdik ;f jynfwiG f w&m;0if aexdik cf iG rhf &Sad wmhonft h wGuf &Jwyfz@GJ rsm;awG@ygu zrf;qD;cH&rnf [k tvky&f iS rf sm;u +cdrf;ajcmufxm;wwfavh&Sd.?

“usrwd@k &mG rSm xdik ;f Edik if zH ufomG ;tvkyv f yk b f ;l wJt h rsKd ;orD;awGtrsm; }uD;&Sw d ,f? wa,mufu usrtareJ@ow d ,f? olu xdik ;f rSm aps;a&mif; &r,f vcaumif;w,fqdkvdk@taruxnfhvdkufwm/ vrf;p&dwfudk usrtdrfu ay;vdkufw,f/ oluaemufvawGrSm vcrSefrSefjyefydk@ay; r,fvdk@ajymao;w,f/ xdkif;a&mufawmh 'Dtcef;rSm vma&mif;oGm; w,f? aemufro S &d wm usrudk bwfav;aomif;eJ@ vma&mif;oGm;wm wJh/ aemufydkif;ol@udk jyefrawG@&awmhbl;/ tckydkif&Sifu aiGrausrcsif; 'Dtvkyv f yk &f r,fw/hJ b,fawmhausreS ;f vJrod/ jiif;vd@k vrJ &/ ajy;vd@k vJ rwwf 'kuQa&mufawmhwmbJ” touf 17 ESpf &Sr;f trsKd ;orD; csi;f rdik +f rdK@? yifyrf;+yD;vpmenf;aomvkyfief;rsdK;wGifapcdkif;&eftwGuful;oef;a&mif;0,fjcif;? jrefrmEdkifiHrS toufi,faom uav;rsm;udk yifyrf;+yD;vpmenf;enf;om ay;&aomvkyfief;rsdK;wGif apcdkif;&eftwGuf ul;oef;a&mif;0,fvmjcif;rsdK;udkvnf; awG@Edkifonf? tdrfazmfvkyfief;rsm;/ yifyef;onfh yifv,fxGuf puf¶Hk/ txnftvdyfpuf¶Hk/ ,uUef;¶Hkrsm;/ "mwkaA'puf¶Hk vkyfief;rsm;/ ig;zrf;vkyfief;rsm;/ a&mfbm/ }uHcif;/ ESif;qDcif;ESifh pdkufysdK;a&;+cHrsm;/ rdkif;ESifhowWKwll; azmfa&;vkyfief; rsm;/ pm;aomufqdkifrsm;wGif apcdkif;&eftwGuf vlukeful;olrsm;u jrefrmjynfrS uav;rsm;udk o,faqmifvmavh&Sdonf?xdkodk@tvkyfrsdK;rSm jyifyESifhqufqH&aomtvkyfrsdK;r[kwfbJ aetdrf rsm;/ tvHyk w d t f cef;rsm;/ puf&rkH sm;/ tjcm;vlw@kd EiS hf tquftoG,fr&Sdaom rdkif;rsm;/ ig;zrf;avSrsm;ay:wGif vkyfudkif&onfh tvkyfrsdK;jzpfonf? tdrfazmfvkyfief;rsm;/ vlYtcGifhta&;ynmay;Xme (jrefrmEdkifiH) 16

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puf&v kH yk if ef;rsm;/ ig;zrf;vkyif ef;rsm;/ pdu k yf sKd ;a&;vkyif ef;rsm;ESihf owWKwGi;f wl;azmfa&; vkyif ef;rsm;wGif vkyu f ikd &f aom jrefrmjynfrS uav;i,frsm;udk xdik ;f Ekid if eH ,fpyfa'o rsm;jzpfaom r,fqdkif/ rJaqmuf/ uefcseyl&D/ &wfcsyl&D/ zl;cwf/ csif;rdkif/ csif;&dkifESifh &aemif;c¶kdifrsm;wGif trsm;qHk;awG@&onf? jrefrmEdkifiHrS trsdK;orD;i,ftcsdK@rSm tdE, Nd e,fpyf jynfe,frsm;wGif ,uUe;f cwf&eftwGuf ul;oef;a&mif;0,fc&H a=umif; owif;rsm;&&SdcJhygonf?5 tdrfazmfvkyfief;rsm;wGif jrefrmjynfrSuav; trsm;tjym;udk awG@&avh&Sd onf? vluek u f ;l olu tdr&f iS x f w H iG f a&mif;csc+hJ yD; xdak &mif;cscahJ om aiGrausrcsi;f rdrdwdk@vkyftm;twGuf tusdK;cHpm;cGifhr&Sdyg? tdrfazmfvkyfaomuav;tvkyform; rsm;rSmtdrt f wGi;f ESihf +cHtwGi;f wGio f mae&avh&adS oma=umifh xdo k w l @kd .tjzpftysuf rsm;udk tjcm;olrsm;od&efrvG,fvSyg? vkyfief;tajctaerSm olwdk@vkyfukdifaom tdr&f iS Ef iS hf tvky&f iS t f ay:wGirf w l nfI uJjG ym;avh&. dS ? od@k aomf trsm;pkrmS tvkyf vkyfonfhaetdrfrsm;rS xGufcGmcGifhr&Sd=uacs? tcsdK@rSm u|efozG,fqufqHcH&wwf+yD; pdwfydkif;/ ¶kyfydkif;/ vdifydkif;apmfum;r_rsdK;udkvJ &ifqdkif}uHKawG@&wwf=u.?

“yJGpm;uvmydk@oGm;uwnf;u jyefay:rvmbl;? ajcmufvpmaiGudk ol@ukd ay;vdu k w f ,fv@kd aemufyikd ;f rS tdr&f iS af jymjyw,f? olw@kd rjyefcikd ;f rcsi;f rjyef&bl;/ ajcmufvausmf&if vcay;r,fajymayrJh aecJhwJh wESpfrSm bmvpmrSr&bl;/ reuf av;em&DxJux wae@vHk; tvkyfrsdK;pHkvkyf/ xrif;csu/f t0wfav#m/f acG;pm/ a=umifpmau|;/ uav;xdr;f / tdy, f mjyif/ n 11 em&Davmufrt S yd &f w,f? tdr&f iS rf u rauseyf&if yg;&ku d w f mwd@k / acG;eJ@udkufcdkif;wmwdk@&Sdao;w,f? tdrftjyifxGuf&if &Jzrf;r,fqkdvdk@ b,fawmhrrS xGu&f bl;? aemufq;kH awmhjzpfcsi&f mjzpfq+kd yD; olw@kd r&Sw d ;kH +cHukd ausmf+yD;xGufajy;vmcJh&wm” touf 14 ESpf u&iftrsKd ;orD;/ befaumuf+rdK@

5

Images Asia / Belak, B (2002): “Gathering Strength – Women from Burma on their rights”.

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pdu k yf sKd ;a&;+cHrsm;wGif a&mif;csc&H aomuav;rsm;rSm trsm;tm;jzihf }uHcif; rsm;/ a&mfbm+cHrsm;/ [if;oD;[if;&Guf+cHrsm;/ ESif;qDyef;+cHrsm;wGif vkyfudkif&avh&Sd+yD; tEW&m,f&Sdaom ydk;owfaq;rsm;udk tumtuG,frJhudkifwG,f+yD; tvkyfvkyf&wwf onf? tcsKd @uav;i,frsm;rSm tjcm;Edik if o H @kd w&m;r0ifc;kd 0if+yD; ig;zrf;aom yifv,f ig;zrf;avSrsm;od@k a&mif;csc&H onf? xdu k av;rsm;tzd@k ydu k u f eG o f ,fjcif;/ ydu k cf sjcif;/ ig;a&G;jcif;/ ig;yH;k o,fjcif;ponfh yifyef;vSaomtvky=f urf;rsm;udk vkyu f ikd &f if;aoqH;k 6 oGm;r_rsm;/ aysmufqHk;oGm;r_ESifh tqHk;owfoGm;=u&&Smonf?

“u|eaf wmf rav;avSvu kd w f ek ;f u avSay:rSm touf 14 ESpaf vmuf&w dS h J rGefuav;ESpfa,mufygvmw,f? xdkif;udkvm&if; &Jzrf;+yD;tcsKyfxJa&muf oGm;w,f? jyefxu G v f mawmh axmifxu J ol@todu tvky&f mS ay;r,fq+kd yD; avSrSmvma&mif;oGm;w,fvdk@ ajymwmvJ/ oem;p&mawmfawmfaumif; w,f? aiGay;0,fxm;w,fqakd wmh yJeh if;uolw@kd uakd wmfawmf&uf&ufpuf pufcidk ;f w,f? usaemfw@kd uoem;vd@k uv l yk af y;vJ uk, d t f vkyef @J u, kd q f akd wmh odyfrvkyfay;Edkifbl;? avSESpfvausmfxGufvdk@ usaemfwdk@vpmxkwfa&m olwdk@wjym;rSr&bl;? idkrJhrJheJ@xGufoGm;wm tckxdjyefrawG@awmhbl;?” xm;0,favSorm;wOD;/ &aemif;+rdK@? ol a wmif ; pm;rsm;tjzpf a pcd k i f ; &ef ul ; oef ; a&mif ; 0,f j cif ; ? befaumuf+rdK@EiS hf xdik ;f Edik if &H +dS rdK@}uD;rsm;wGif olawmif;pm;rsm;tjzpfvyk u f ikd f &ef uav;rsm;udk ul;oef;a&mif;0,fro _ nf ,ckEpS rf sm;twGi;f ydrk rkd sm;jym;vmovdk xdu k av;rsm;xJwiG f jrefrmjynfru S av;rsm;/ txl;ojzifh jrefrmjynfayguf tdE, dN EG,f zGm;uav;rsm; yg0ifvsuf&SdonfudkawG@&onf? vrf;ay:awmif;pm;r_wGif yHkpHtrsdK; rsKd ;jzifah wG@Eikd o f nf? trsm;pkrmS vlpnfum;onfh ae&mrsm;jzpfaom aps;/ um;*dwrf sm; wGif ydu k q f aH wmif;pm;avh&o dS nf? xdu k av;rsm;udk *k% d ;f om;rsm;u t+rJrjywfapmifh =uyfaeavh&Sd+yD; owfrSwfxm;aom aiGyrm%r&ygu ±dkufESufjcif;/ tpm;tpm rau|;bJxm;jcif;wkd@udk &ifqdkif&avh&Sdonf? xdkuav;trsm;pkrS touf (6)ESpfrS 6. ILO / Wille, C. (2001): “Trafficking in children into the worst forms of child labour – A rapid assessment”.

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“om;udk tdru f ae tvkycf ikd ;f r,fv@kd ajym+yD;ac:vmwm? tazur&Sad wmh bl;/ tarhukd 'DO;D av;u aiGay;cJw h ,fajymwmbJ? vrf;rSm ol@om;vd@k ajym vmw,f ? bef a umuf a &muf a wmh tjcm;uav;awG e J @ twl x m;+yD ; vrf;ay:rSmawmif;pm;cdkif;w,f/ wae@udk bwfoHk;&m&atmifawmif;& r,fwJh/ r&&if toHk;rusbl;qdk+yD; t0wfvSrf;csdwfeJ@&dkufw,f? naepm xrif;vJrau|;bl;/ ydu k q f eH nf;enf;&&if olw@kd u vmodr;f w,f/ rtdy&f bl;/ raqmh&bl;qdk+yD; ta0;uapmifh=unfhw,f? tdrfjyefcsifw,fajym&ifvJ ±du k w f ,f?” udk;ESpft&G,f&Sdaom jrefrm-rlpvifuav;/ befaumuf+rdK@? vrf;ay:wGif enf;trsdK;rsdK;jzifhapcdkif;cH&aom xdkuav;trsdK;tpm;rsm;udk xdik ;f Edik if /H w&kwEf ikd if aH &$vED iS hf ,leefjynfe,f/ tdE, Nd Edik if H rDZ&kd rfjynfe,fw@kd wiG f awG@ Edik o f nf? tcsKd @uav;rsm;rSm awmif;pm;cdik ;f ,Ho k mrubJ rl;,pfaq;0g;o,faqmif a&mif;csonfv h yk if ef;rsm;wGit f oH;k csc&H onfuakd wG@&onf? wcsKd @onfuav;olawmif; pm;rsm;b0rS uav;jynfhwefqmrsm;tjzpfodk@ ajymif;vJGa&muf&SdoGm;onfh tjzpf tysufrsm;vJawG@Edkifonf? 19 vlYtcGifhta&;ynmay;Xme (jrefrmEdkifiH) childtraving.pmd

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ukvm;tkypf ;D ola*smu f rD sm;tjzpfapcdik ;f &eftwGuf b*Fvm;a'h&EfS ikd if rH S &d[ k if*sm uav;i,frsm;udk ul;oef;a&mif;0,fr_&Sda=umif; tcsdK@tpD&ifcHpmrsm;uqdkygonf?7 uav;rsm;.ud, k cf E<maygyh g;aoma=umifh jrif;rsm;/ ukvm;tkyrf sm;ydrk kd vsijf refpmG ajy;Edik &f ef twGuf uav;rsm;udk ypfrw S x f m;avhusiahf y;+y;D yg0if,OS +f yKd iaf y;jcif;jzpf a=umif;od&onf?

owd k @ orD ; tjzpf v uf x yf & ef ul ; oef ; a&mif ; 0,f j cif ; ? jrefrmjynfrStrsdK;orD;i,frsm;udk ZeD;r,m;tjzpfaygif;oif;,l&ef ul;oef; a&mif;0,fonfhtjzpfrsdK;udk w±kwfEdkifiH&Sd jynfe,frsm;wGif trsm;qHk;awG@&onf? w±kwt f pd;k &owfrw S cf ahJ omrdom;wpkv#if uav;wOD;,l&rnfqo kd nfh rdom;pkpDrHudef;a=umifh vuf&Sdw&kwfjynfe,ftcsdK@wGif vuf x yf , l & ef trsd K ;orD ; rsm; &S m ;yg;apvsuf & S d o nf ? xdkjynfe,frsm;rS trsdK;om;rsm;onf yJGpm;rsm;uwqifh tjcm;EdkifiHrsm;rS trsdK;orD;i,frsm;udk vufxyf,l&ef &SmazGcdkif;&mrS xdkvrf;a=umif;ay:aygufvmcJh&onf?8 owd@k orD;tjzpf 0,f,v l o kd rl sm;onf touf(18)ESpf atmuf&Sdaom trsdK;orD;i,frsm;udk ydkrdkaps; aumif;ay;0,f,lavh&Sdojzifh vlyJGpm;rsm;onf t&G,rf a&mufao;onfu h av;rsm;udk ydrk Okd ;D pm;ay;I &SmazGavh&o dS nf? w±kwjf ynf wGio f mrubJ xkid ;f Edik if w H iG v f nf; jrefrmjynfrS trsKd ;orD;i,frsm;udk tdrw f iG ;f tvkyf rsm;apcdkif;&ef aoG;aqmifzsm;a,mif;I vufxyfr_rsm;&Sda=umif;od&onf? “,ifuse;f rSm&Sw d t hJ 'J t D rd rf mS usrwd@k o;kH av;&ufae=uw,f/ wae@rmS vlprd ;f wa,mufvmw,f/ — olu qdkifydkif&SifbJvkdufoGm;vdk@ajymw,f/ usrwdk@ ,ifuse;f uae &xm;pD;+yD;xGuv f mcJ=h uw,f? oH;k &uf=umawmh &Gmwpf&mG udk a&muf+yD; oluol@tyd cf ef;xJukd 0ifvmzd@k ajymw,f/ olu usr[mol@red ;f rbJ vd@k ajymw,f? usrujiif;awmh olu usrtwGuf ydu k q f aH y;ac:vm&wmwJ/h +yD;awmh ol@r,m;tjzpfjyKusifhawmhwmbJ” 9 ucsit f rsKd ;orD; w&kwjf refrme,fp yf 7 ILO – IPEC (2002): “Rapid assessment on trafficking children for exploitative employment in Bangladesh”. 8 Save the Children UK / Caouette, T. (2001?): “Small dreams beyond reach – The lives of migrant children and youth

along the boarders of China, Myanmar and Thailand”. 9. Kachin Women Association in Thailand (2005): “Driven Away”

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uav;ul;oef;a&mif;0,frEI iS hf jrefrmEdik if OH ya' uav;ul;oef;a&mif;0,fr_tygt0if vlukeful;oef;a&mif;0,fr_ESifhouf qdkifaom jrefrmEdkifiHOya'rSm 2005 ckESpf pufwifbmv 14 &ufae@wGifjyXmef;cJh onfh “vluek u f ;l oef;a&mif;0,fjcif;wm;qD;onfOh ya'”yifjzpfonf? xdOk ya'xJwiG f trsKd ;orD;rsm;/ uav;rsm;ESihf vli,frsm;tm; ul;oef;a&mif;0,fjcif;udk wm;qD;ESrd f ESif;&ef txl;tav;xm;vkyfaqmifoGm;rnf[kazmfjyxm;.? xdkOya't& uav; qdkonfrSm touf(16)ESpfrjynfhao;aomolrsm;udkqdkvdk+yD; vli,fqdkonfrSm touf(16)ESpjf ynf+h yD;aomfvnf; touf(18)ESprf jynfah o;aomolrsm;udk qkv d o kd nf? xkOd ya't&vlukeful;r_qdkonfrSm vlwOD;OD;u tjcm;vlwa,mufudk xdkoloabm wlno D nfjzpfap/ rwlonfjzpfap acgi;f yHjk zwftjrwfxw k &f ef&nf&, G cf sujf zifh jcdr;f ajcmufjcif;/ tiftm;oHk;jcif; odk@r[kwf tjcm;enf;jzifh tEdkiftxufjyKjcif;/ aoG;aqmifjzm;a,mif;jcif;/ vdrv f nfv f n S jhf zm;jcif;/ tcGit hf m%mudt k vGo J ;kH pm; jyKjcif;/ od@k r[kwf b0&yfwnf&ef cufcaJ eaomtajctaeudk tcGiahf umif;,lI tvGo J ;kH pm;vkyjf cif;/ xdo k t l ay: csKyfuikd Ef ikd af omol. oabmwlncD su&f &S&d ef aiGa=u; odk@r[kwf tusdK;tjrwfudkay;jcif; odk@r[kwf vufcH&,ljcif;rsm;jyK vkyfI vlrsm;udkodrf;oGif;pkaqmif;jcif;/ o,f,lydk@aqmifjcif;/ v$Jajymif;jcif;/ a&mif;csjcif;/ 0,f,ljcif;/ iSm;&rf;jcif;/ iSm;,ljcif;/ cdkvH_cGifhay;jcif; odk@r[kwf vufcHjcif;[k qdkvdkonf? acgif;yHkjzwftjrwfxkwfjcif;qdkonfrSm umrqdkif&mudpPjyKvkyfjcif;/ t"rR tvkycf ikd ;f apjcif;/ t"rR0efaqmifra_ y;apjcif;/ u|ejf yKjcif;/ aus;u|eu f o hJ @kd cikd ;f apjcif;/ a=uG;jrDjzifhaESmifzGJ@cdkif;apjcif;udkjzpfap/ olwpfyg;cE<mudk,ftpdwftydkif;tm; xkwf,l z,f&mS ;jcif;? a&mif;csjcif;udjk zpfapjyK&mrS aiGa=u;udak omfvnf;aumif;? tusKd ;tjrwf 21 vlYtcGifhta&;ynmay;Xme (jrefrmEdkifiH) childtraving.pmd

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,ckaemufqufwJGpmcsKyfonf trsdK;orD;rsm;ESifh uav;rsm;tm; ul;oef; a&mif;0,fjcif;ESifhywfoufI ydkrdktao;pdwfazmfjyxm;onf? uav;rsm;tm;a&mif; cs&ef/ uav;jynfhwefqmtjzpfapcdkif;&efESifh uav;npfnrf;pmayrsm;wGif toHk;cs &eftwGuf uav;rsm;udk ul;oef;a&mif;0,fro _ nf Ekid if w H umwGif wd;k wufrsm;jym; vma=umif;qdkxm;onf? Ed k i f i H r sm;t=um;pD r H a qmif & G u f a eonf h & mZ0wf r _ r sm;ud k wm;qD ; jcif ; qdkif&m ukvor*~pmcsKyf vlul;oef;a&mif;0,fr_ txl;ojzifh trsdK;orD;rsm; ESifhuav;rsm;udk ul;oef;a&mif;0,fr_ wm;qD;a&;/ ESdrfESif;a&;ESifh tjypfay;r_ qd k i f & m aemuf q uf w J G p mcsKyf (ygvmrd k p mcsKyf ) Protocol to Prevent, Suppress and Punish Trafficking in Persons, Especially Women and Children, Supplementing the United Nations Convention Against Transnational Organized Crime, UN Convention (Palermo Protocol)

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uav;ul;oef;a&mif;0,fc&H ygu qufo, G Ef ikd o f nfx h ikd ;f Edik if &H t Sd zGrYJ sm; Foundation of Women 295 Charansanitwong Road, Bangphafd, Bangkok 10700 Thailand Tel.: 662-433-5149 Fax: 662-4346774 E-mail: [email protected] Development Center for Children and Community Network 7 Moo 2 T.Sopmoei Mae Hong Son 58110, Thailand Telefax: 662-053618067 E-mail: [email protected] ECPAT International 328 Phayathai Road, Ratchathewi, Bangkok 10400 Tel.: 662-2153388 Fax: 22158572 Anti-Trafficking Coordination Unit Northern Thailand Name ; Su ree yar Kasam saere saward Phone; 094334600 or 053121809,053112643-4 Website; www.trafcord.org Email; [email protected]

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