Chaduvu 9th March, 2009
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„ç.j N. ’î¤Ä-©-¹%-†-«¾g âJh ACE ƒ¢>-FJ¢’û Âéäèü “X¾¦µ¼Õ-ÅŒy-ª½¢’¹ ®¾¢®¾n G.‡-®ý.-‡-¯þ.-‡©ü.©ð WE-§ŒÕªý ˜ãLÂâ ‚X¶-®Ô ª¾ ý (èäš‹Ì ) ¤ò®¾Õ©d “X¾Â¹-{ÊÐ “’Ãœ¿Õu-§äÕšü ƒ¢>-F-ªÂ½x ¹× ¬ÁÙ¦µ¼„Ãêªh! ‚Jn¹ ®¾¢Â~¼¢ «â©¢’Ã.. C’¹-èÇ-JÊ ÂÃu¢X¾®ý E§ŒÖ-«Õ-ÂÃ-©Åî C’Ã-©Õ-X-œ¾ ÊË åX¶Êj -L-§ŒÕªý NŸÄu-ª½Õ-©n Â¹× ƒŸî ͌¹ˆšË Æ«ÂìÁ¢. ¨ èäš‹Ì X¾K¹~ “XÏX-ê¾ ª-†¯¾ þ... œÎ‚-ªý-œ‹Î „ç៿-©Êãj ®¾¢®¾©n …Ÿîu-’Ã-©Â¹Ø …X¾-§çÖ’¹Â¹ª½¢. -…•y© ¦µ¼N-†¾uÅŒÕh …Êo ‚Ÿµ¿Õ-E¹ ª½¢’¹¢ ¹«âu-E-êÂ-†¯¾ þq. 宩ü-¤¶òÊÕx, “¦Çœþ-¦Çu¢œþ ƒ¢{-éªošü, ©Çu¢œþ©- Êãj x \ªÃp{Õ, Eª½y-£¾Çº, E§ŒÕ¢-“ÅŒº „ç៿-©Êãj ²Ä¢êÂ-A¹ ¦ÇŸµ¿u-Å-©Œ ÊÕ èäš-‹Ì ©Õ Eª½y-£ÏÇ-®¾Õh¢-šÇª½Õ. ¨ …Ÿîu-’¹¢©ð “X¾„-Pä ¢-*-Ê„Ã-JÂË «Õ¢* °ÅŒ-¦µ¼-ÅÃu-©Åî ¤Ä{Õ ‡¯îo «®¾-ÅŒÕ-©Õ¢-šÇªá. ÅŒyª½©ð •ª½-’¹-ÊÕÊo „äÅÊŒ ®¾«-ªº½ ÅŒªÃyÅŒ “¤Äª½¢¦µ¼ °ÅŒ„äÕ 30„ä© ª½Ö¤Ä-ªá-©Â¹× NÕ¢* …¢{Õ¢C. “X¾®¾ÕhÅŒ ¯îšË-X-ê¶Ï Â-†¯¾ îx 3 N¦µÇ-’éðx 3945 èäš-‹Ì ©ÊÕ E§ŒÕ-NÕ¢-Í-ÊŒ Õ-¯Ãoª½Õ. ˜ãLÂâ N¦µÇ-’¹¢©ð 3545 ¤ò®¾Õ©d Ö; ‡©-ÂÂËZ- ¹©ü, ®ÏN©ü N¦µÇ-’éðx 200 ÍíX¾Ûp¯Ã …Ÿîu-’Ã-©Õ-¯Ãoªá. ’¹ÅŒ \œÄC ŸÄŸÄX¾Û 3,600 ¤ò®¾Õ©d ¦µ¼Kh •J-T¢C. OšË©ð ®Ï¢£¾Ç-¦µÇ’¹¢ ¤ò®¾Õ-©d ÊÕ «ÕÊ ªÃ†¾Z Ʀµ¼u-ª½Õ©n ä Íä>-Âˈ¢-ÍŒÕ-¹×-¯Ãoª½Õ.
NŸÄu-ª½|-Å©Œ Õ: Ʀµ¼uJn œË客-¦ª½Õ 31, 2009 ¯ÃšËÂË “’Ãœ¿Õu-§äÕšü ƒ¢>-Fªý ƪá-«Û¢-œÄL. Æ¢˜ä “X¾®¾ÕhÅŒ¢ ‚ÈJ ®¾¢«-ÅŒqª½¢ ÍŒŸ¿Õ-«Û-ÅŒÕÊo ƒ¢>-F-J¢’û NŸÄuª½Õ©n Õ Æª½Õ|©.ä èäš‹Ì (˜ãLÂâ) : ECE/ EEE/ ETM/ ECM/ CSE/ IT/ Radio N¦µÇ-’éðx G.ƒ./-G.-˜Âã ú ©äŸÄ DEÂË ®¾«Ö-Ê-„çÕÊi NŸÄu-ª½|ÅŒ èäš‹Ì (‡©-ÂÂËZ- ¹©ü): ‡©-ÂÂËZ- ¹©ü ƒ¢>-F-J¢-’û©ð œË“U èäš‹Ì (®ÏN©ü): ®ÏN©ü ƒ¢>-F-J¢-’û©ð œË“U
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ƒ¢>-F-J¢’û ®ÔZ„þÕ N-¦µÇ’¹¢ 2 (50 “X¾¬Áo©Õ) •Ê-ª©½ ü ‡G-LšÌ ˜ã®ýd N-¦µÇ’¹¢ 3 (20 “X¾¬Áo©Õ) «âœ¿Õ N¦µÇ-’Ã-©Â¹Ø ¹LXÏ 3 ’¹¢{© ®¾«Õ§ŒÕ¢ ƒ²Ähª½Õ. Æ¢Åä-ÂÃF OšËÂË NœË-N-œ’Ë Ã “X¾Åäu¹ ®¾«Õ§ŒÕ¢ Æ¢{Ö \OÕ …¢œ¿Ÿ¿Õ. ®Ï©-¦®ý:èäš‹Ì (˜ãLÂâ) ¤òšÌ-X-K¾ -¹~Â¹× …«ÕtœË ®Ï©-¦-®ýÊÕ Eêª-Pl ¢-Íê½Õ. ƪ½|ÅŒ …Êo Ʀµ¼u-ª½Õ-©n ¢-Ÿª¿ ½Ö CSE, IT...) ¨ ®Ï©-¦-®ýÂ¹× ®ÏŸ-« ¿l´ Õ-„Ãy-Lq-«Û¢-{Õ¢C.
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ÂÃyL-åX¶-ªj ᢒû «Öª½Õˆ©Õ: ¹F®¾ «Öª½Õˆ-©ÊÕ «âœ¿Õ N¦µÇ-’éðx NœË-N-œ-’Ë ÃÊÖ, „çáÅŒh¢ Æ“T-ê’-šü-’ÃÊÖ Eêª-Pl -²Ähª½Õ. OšËE ²ÄCµ¢-Í-ÂŒ ¹-¤òÅä „çÕJšü èÇG-Åéð ²ÄnÊ¢ …¢œ¿Ÿ¿Õ. ÂæšËd «âœ¿Õ N¦µÇ-’éðxÊÖ ÅŒT-ʢŌ ®¾«Õ§ŒÕ¢, “¬Á«Õ, “¬ÁŸ¿l´ êšÇ-ªá¢-ÍÃL. ¯çT-š„Ë þ «Öª½Õˆ-©Õ¢-šÇ§ýÕ: èäš‹Ì Ð2008 X¾K-¹~©ð ÅŒX¾Ûp ®¾«Ö-ŸµÄ-¯Ã-©Â¹× 1/3 «¢ÅŒÕ «Öª½Õˆ© ÂîÅŒ NCµ¢-Íê½Õ. ÂæšËd X¾ÜJh’à ƫ-’Ã-£¾ÇÊ ©äE “X¾¬Áo-©ÊÕ «C-L-„-§ ä ŒÕ{¢ «Õ¢*C. ®¾¦Âãb- ¹×åd Xj X¾{Õd …Êo-„Ã-Jê ¦¢’ê½Õ ¦µ¼N-†¾uÅŒÕh …¢{Õ¢C. ¨ èäš‹Ì X¾K-¹~Â¹× “¬ÁŸ’¿l´ à ®ÏŸ-„¿l´ çÕÅi ä ÅŒyª½©ð „ç©Õ-«-œ-Ê¿ ÕÊo œÎ‚-ªý-œ‹Î , Ưä¹ ƒÅŒª½ “X¾¦µ¼ÕÅŒy ª½¢’¹ ®¾¢®¾©n ðx ͌¹ˆE …Ÿîu’¹¢ ©Gµ¢Íä Æ«-ÂÃ-¬Á-«á¢C. «áÈu-„çÕÊi ÅäD©Õ * Ÿ¿ª-‘ ½ Ç-®¾Õh© ®Ôy¹-ª-º½ Â¹× *«J ÅäD: \“XÏ©ü 6 * ªÃÅŒ X¾K¹~ ÅäD: W¯þ 21 * NŸÄu-ª½|-Å© Œ Õ: œË客-¦ª½Õ 31 ¯ÃšËÂË ƒ¢>-F-J¢’û œË“U *„ç¦ü-å®jšü: www.bsnl.co.in
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-‚£¾Éy-E-²òh¢-C -Æ-"-© -¦µÇª½-ÅŒ ®¾-Ky®ý! ’î¤Ä-©-¹%†¾g “¦ãªá¯þ “šÌ “X¾¦µ¼ÕÅŒy …Ÿîu-’Ã-©åXj ‚®¾ÂËh åXª½Õ-’¹Õ-ÅŒÕÊo “X¾®¾ÕhÅŒ ÅŒª½Õ-º¢©ð ƒ¢œË-§ŒÕ¯þ ¤¶Ä骮ýd ®¾Ky®ý (IFS) “X¾Â¹-{Ê Nœ¿Õ-Ÿ-©¿ ãj¢C. å®j¯þq ¯äX-Ÿ¾ ±¿u-«á-Êo-„ê½Õ ¨ X¾K¹~Â¹× ®ÏŸ-«¿l´ Õ-«y{¢ «Õ¢* ‚©ð-ÍÊŒ . Šê ƢÍç ªÃÅŒ-X-K¾ ¹~, ‚åXj ƒ¢{ª½Öyu; “X¾Â¹-šË¢-*Ê ¤ò®¾Õ©d Õ 75. ‚®¾ÂËh …Êo-„Ã-JÂË ‚ÂÃ-¬Á„äÕ £¾ÇŸ¿Õ!l êÂ~“ÅŒ NŸµ¿Õ©Ö, ÂêÃu-©§ŒÕ ¦ÇŸµ¿u-Å©Œ ®¾„äÕt@ÁʢРƒ¢œË-§ŒÕ¯þ ¤¶Ä骮ýd ®¾Ky®ý. NCµ Eª½y-£¾Çº©ð ¦µÇ’¹¢’à ƪ½ºu ²ù¢Ÿ¿-ªÃuFo, NGµ-Êo-ÅÊŒ Ö, “X¾¬Ç¢-Å-ÅŒ ÊŒ Ö ‚²Äy-C¢Íä ‚²Äˆª½¢ ©Gµ-®¾Õh¢C. ¨ ÆCµ-ÂÃ-ª½Õ©Õ >©Çx/ ªÃ†¾Z “X¾ŸµÄÊ ÂêÃu-©-§ŒÖ©ðx …¢œä Æ{-O-¬Ç-È© Âê½u-¹-©Ç-¤Ä©Â¹× ¦ÇŸµ¿uÅŒ «£ÏÇ-²Ähª½Õ. ‰‡-X¶ý-‡®ý X¾K¹~ Ÿ¿ª-‘½ Ç®¾Õh©Õ ®¾«Õ-Jp¢-Í-Œ šÇ-EÂË *«-J-ÅDä : «ÖJa 16. X¾K¹~ V©ãj 11Ê •ª½Õ-’¹Õ-ŌբC. 21Ð30 \@Á} «§ŒÕ-®¾Õ-Êo-„ê½Õ Ÿ¿ª-‘½ Ç®¾Õh Í䧌Õ-«ÍŒÕa. („ç¦ü-å®jšü: www.upsc.gov.in) ªÃÅŒXK¾ -¹~©ð ¯çT-Ê_ -„ê½Õ 300 «Öª½Õˆ© ƒ¢{-ª½ÖyuÂ¹× £¾É•-ª-„½ Ãy-Lq-«Û¢-{Õ¢C. Ʀµ¼u-JÂn Ë ªÃÅŒ-X-K¾ -¹~©ð, ƒ¢{-ª½Öyu©ð «*aÊ «Öª½Õˆ©ÊÕ ¦šËd ÅŒÕC „çÕJšü èÇG-Åéð ²ÄnÊ¢ Ÿ¿Â¹×ˆ-ŌբC. ‡¢XÏ-éÂÊj Ʀµ¼u-ª½Õ-©n Â¹× œç“£¾É-œ¿Ö-¯þ-©ðE ƒ¢C-ªÃ-’âDµ ¯ä†-ʾ ©ü ¤¶Ä骮ýd ÆÂÃ-œ-O¿ Õ©ð X¾Â¹œ¿s¢D 骢œä@Á} P¹~º ©Gµ-®¾Õh¢C. Æ{O ®¾¢X¾ŸÅ¿ î •Jê’ Æ“Â¹«Õ „Ãu¤ÄªÃEo Eªî-Cµ¢-Í{Œ ¢, Æ{-O-¦µ¼Ö-«á-©ÊÕ Â¹¦ÇbŸ- Ä-ª½Õ-©-ÊÕ¢* X¾J-ª-½ Ë~¢-Í{Œ ¢ …Ÿîu-’¹-N-Ÿµ¿Õ©ðx ¦µÇ’¹„äÕ. X¾K-¹~Â¹× ®¾¢¦¢-Cµ¢-*Ê ¤ÄÅŒ “X¾¬Áo-X-“¾ ÅÃ-©ÊÕ æ®Â¹-J¢-ÍÃL. •Ê-ª©½ ü ƒ¢Tx-†ý©ð “X¾¬Áo© ²ÄnªáE ’¹«Õ-E¢-ÍÃL. „ÃšË ²Änªá «ÕÊ ²Änªá-¹¢˜ä ‡Â¹×ˆ-«-E-XæÏ ®h ‡æ®q, “’ëժý©åXj X¾Û®¾h-ÂÃ©Õ ÆŸµ¿u-§ŒÕÊ¢ Í䧌ÖL. ‡æ®q ªÃ§ŒÕ{¢ ²ÄŸµÊ¿ Í䧌ÖL. X¾ªÃu-«-ª-º½ Ç-EÂË ®¾¢¦¢-Cµ¢-*Ê Æ¢¬Ç-©åXj Ÿ¿%†Ïd åXšÇdL. * >.éÂ. “X¾¬Áo-X-“¾ ÅÃEo N¬ì-† x Ï¢-ÍÃL. \ ª½Â¹¢ “X¾¬Áo©Õ «®¾Õh-¯Ãoªá, „ÚËéÂEo «Öª½Õˆ©Õ ƯäC èÇG-ÅÃ’Ã ªÃ§ŒÖL. ŸÄE-¹-ÊÕ-’¹Õ-º¢’à “X¾A “X¾¬ÁoÂ¹Ø ®¾«Õ§ŒÕ¢ êšÇ-ªá¢ÍŒÕÂî„ÃL. •„Ã-¦Õ©Õ ªÃ§ŒÕ{¢ ²ÄŸµÊ¿ Í䧌ÖL. •Ê-«J 2008 ÊÕ¢* •J-TÊ «ª½h-«ÖÊ «u«-£¾É* *
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…¤Ä-ŸµÄu§ŒÕ P¹~ºÂ¹× œË.ƒœË ¦Ç{ œÄ. œË. ²Ä¢¦-«âJh «ÕÊ ªÃ†¾Z¢©ð NJ-N’à …Ÿîu-’Ã-«-ÂÃ-¬Ç-©ÕÊo êÂ~“ÅŒ¢ NŸÄu-ª½¢-’¹„äÕ. ¤Äª½-„x çÕ¢{Õ «á¢Ÿ¿ÕÊo NŸÄu-£¾Ç¹׈ ÍŒ{d¢ Æ«Õ-©ðxÂË «æ®h «ÕÊ ªÃ†¾Z¢-©ð¯ä „ä©Ç-C’à ÂíÅŒh “¤ÄŸ±-N¿ Õ¹ ¤Äª¸-¬½ Ç-©©Õ “¤Äª½¢-¦µ¼-«Õ-«Û-Åêá. „Ú˩𠅤Ä-ŸµÄu-§Œá© E§ŒÖ-«Õ¹¢ „ä© ®¾¢Èu©ð •ª½Õ-’¹Õ-ŌբC. œË¤ñx«Ö ƒ¯þ ‡œ¿Õu-êÂ-†¯¾ þ ª½¢’¹¢-©ðÊÖ …¯Ãoªá.
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X¾K¹~ ‡©Ç …¢{Õ¢C? œçšj ü-å®-šü©ð 100 ‚¦ãÂb- „Ëd þ “X¾¬Áo-©Õ¢-šÇªá. ŠÂ¹ “X¾¬ÁoÂ¹× ŠÂ¹ «Öª½Õˆ. “X¾¬Áo-X-“¾ ÅŒ¢©ð \œ¿Õ N¦µÇ-’Ã-©Õ¢-šÇªá. OšË-©ðE ‰Ÿ¿Õ N¦µÇ-’Ã-©Â¹× \œî ÅŒª-’½ ¹A ²Änªá ¤Äª¸½u-X¾Û-®¾h-ÂÃ©Õ ‚ŸµÄª½¢. «âœî ÅŒª-’½ ¹A ÊÕ¢* \œî ÅŒª-’½ ¹A „ÃÍŒ-ÂÃ-©åXj X¾{Õd ®¾¢¤Ä-Cæ®h ®¾«Ö-ŸµÄ-¯Ã©Õ ’¹ÕJh¢-Í{Œ ¢ ®¾Õ©-¦µ¼-«Õ-«Û-ŌբC. 1. •Ê-ª©½ ü ¯Ã©ãœþb, šÌ*¢’û ‚XÏ-{d Öuœþ: OšË©ðE 10 “X¾¬Áo©ðx 5 >.éÂ.ÂË Íç¢C-ÊN. ¨ “X¾¬Áo©ðx ¦µ÷’î-R¹, ÍÃJ-“Ō¹, ‚Jn¹, ²Ä«Ö->¹, ²Ä¢®¾ˆ%-A¹, ¬Ç®¾Y ²Ä¢êÂ-A¹ ª½¢’Ã-©ðxE Æ¢¬Ç-©Õ¢-šÇªá. ƒšÌ-«-L-ÂÃ-©¢©ð •J-TÊ, “X¾X¾¢ÍŒ Ÿ¿%†ÏEd ‚¹-J¥¢-*Ê Æ¢¬Ç©Õ (…ŸÄ: ‚²Äˆªý Æ„Ã-ª½Õ©f Õ, “ÂÌœÄ-ª½¢’¹ ®¾¢X¶¾Õ-{-Ê©Õ) ¨ “X¾¬Áo©ðx …¢œ¿-«ÍŒÕa. OšËÂË •„Ã-¦Õ©Õ ªÃ§ŒÖ-©¢˜ä ‚§ŒÖ Æ¢¬Ç-©Â¹× ®¾¢¦¢-Cµ¢-*Ê ÅÃèÇ X¾J-èÇcÊ¢ ®¾¢¤Ä-C¢-ÍÃL. šÌ*¢’û ‚XÏ-{d Öuœþ (¦ðŸµ¯¿ à ÆGµ-ª½Õ*)ÂË Íç¢CÊ ‰Ÿ¿Õ “X¾¬Áo-©Â¹× ÆÊÕ-¦µ¼-«„äÕ “¤ÄA-X-C¾ ¹. 2. ²ÄŸµÄ-ªº½ Åç©Õ’¹Õ: «âœî ÅŒª-’½ ¹A ÊÕ¢* \œî ÅŒª-’½ ¹A «ª½Â¹× …Êo Åç©Õ’¹Õ „ÃÍŒ-Âé ‚ŸµÄ-ª½¢’à ¨ “X¾¬Áo©Õ¢-šÇªá. „çáÅŒh¢ 20 “X¾¬Áo©Õ. 3. ²ÄŸµÄ-ªº½ ‚¢’¹x¢: ¨ N¦µÇ-’¹¢©ð 10 “X¾¬Áo-©Õ¢-šÇªá. “X¾¬Áo©Õ \œî ÅŒª-’½ ¹A «ª½Â¹Ø …Êo ‚¢’¹x ¤Äª¸½u-X¾Û-®h¾ -Âé ‚ŸµÄ-ª½¢’à ª½Ö¤ñ¢-Ÿ¿Õ-Åêá. 4. ²Ä«ÖÊu ’¹ºÅË Œ¢:DE©ð 20 “X¾¬Áo-©Õ¢-šÇªá. ƒN Â¹ØœÄ \œî ÅŒª-’½ ¹A «ª½Â¹Ø ÍŒC-NÊ ’¹º-ÅË -¬Œ Ç®¾Y¢ ‚ŸµÄ-ª½¢-’Ã¯ä ª½Ö¤ñ¢-Ÿ¿Õ-Åêá. OšË©ð Ƣ¹-’¹-ºÅË Œ¢, H•-’¹-ºÅË Œ¢, êª‘Ç ’¹ºÅË Œ¢, êÂ~“ÅŒ-’¹ºÅË Œ ¦µÇ«-Ê-©Åî ¤Ä{Õ ²Ä¢Èu-¹-¬Ç®¾Y¢ (²Ädš-®Ë ÂÏd úq) ¦µÇ«-Ê©Õ Â¹ØœÄ “X¾¬Áo-©Õ’à «²Ähªá. ŠÂîˆ Æ¢¬Á¢ ÊÕ¢* ¯Ã©Õ-é’Ÿj ¿Õ “X¾¬Áo©Õ ªÃ„íÍŒÕa. 5. ¦µ÷A¹ ª½²Ä-§ŒÕÊ ¬Ç²ÄY©Õ: 3,4,5 ÅŒª-’½ ¹-Ōթðx X¾J-®-ª¾ é NèÇcÊ¢ II, 6,7 ÅŒª-’½ ¹-Ōթðx ²Ä«Ö-Êu-¬Ç-®¾Y¢-©ðE X¾ŸÄª½n NèÇc-¯Ã-EÂË Íç¢CÊ ¤Äª¸Ã© ÊÕ¢* 10 “X¾¬Áo-©Õ¢-šÇªá. ¦µ÷A-¹-¬Ç®¾Y ¦µÇ«-Ê-©Â¹× ‰Ÿ¿Õ, ª½²Ä-§ŒÕ-Ê-¬Ç®¾Y ¦µÇ«-Ê-©Â¹× ‰Ÿ¿Õ “X¾¬Áo-©Õ¢-œ-«¿ ÍŒÕa. 6. °«-¬Ç®¾Y¢:3,4,5 ÅŒª-’½ ¹-Ōթðx X¾J-®-ª¾ é NèÇcÊ¢ II,6,7 ÅŒª-’½ ¹-Ōթðx ²Ä«Ö-Êu-¬Ç-®¾Y¢-©ðE «%¹~, •¢ÅŒÕ NèÇc-¯Ã-EÂË
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®¾¢¦¢-Cµ¢-*Ê 10 “X¾¬Áo-©Õ¢-šÇªá. «%¹~ NèÇcÊ¢ ÊÕ¢* ‰Ÿ¿Õ, •¢ÅŒÕ (°«) NèÇcÊ¢ ÊÕ¢* ‰Ÿ¿Õ “X¾¬Áo©Õ ªÃ„íÍŒÕa. 7. ²Ä¢X¶ÏÕ-¹-¬Ç®¾Y¢:3,4,5 ÅŒª-’½ ¹-Ōթðx X¾J-®-ª¾ é NèÇcÊ¢ I,6,7 ÅŒª-’½ ¹-ŌթðxE ²Ä¢X¶ÏÕ¹ ¬Ç®¾Y¢ ‚ŸµÄ-ª½¢’à 20 “X¾¬Áo©Õ¢-šÇªá. ¨ “X¾¬Áo©ðx ÍŒJ“ÅŒ, ¦µ¼Ö’î@Á¢, ¤ùª½-¬Ç®¾Y¢, ƪ½n ¬Ç²ÄY©- Â¹× ®¾¢¦¢-Cµ¢-*Ê ‰Ÿä®Ï “X¾¬Áo©Õ …¢œ¿-«ÍŒÕa. “¤ÄŸ±-N¿ Õ¹ ¤Äª¸-¬½ Ç-©©ðx šÌÍ-ªŒ ½Õ’x à X¾E-Í-§ ä ŒÖ©E …¢ŸÄ? ƪáÅä œË.ƒœË “X¾„-¬ä Á-X-K¾ ¹~ 'œçšj ü-定üÑ ªÃ§ŒÕ¢œË. DE “X¾Â¹-{Ê „ç©Õ-«-œË¢C. ƒ¢{-Kt-œ-§ Ë ŒÕšü ¤Äå®j-ʄê½Ö, ¨ ¯ç©©ð ƒ¢{ªý X¾K-¹~Â¹× £¾É•-ª-«½ Û-ÅŒÕ-Êo-„ê½Õ Â¹ØœÄ ¨ X¾K¹~ ªÃ§ŒÕ-šÇ-EÂË Æª½Õ|©.ä
-Í-ŸŒ -„¿ Ã-Lq-Ê X¾-Ÿ-A¿l´ œçšj ü-定ü “XÏX-ê¾ ª-†¯¾ îx 骢œ¿Õ „çÕ{Õx¢-šÇªá. 1) NNŸµ¿ N¦µÇ-’Ã-©Â¹× ®¾«Õ-§ŒÖEo êšÇ-ªá¢-ÍœŒ ¿¢ 2) ¦µÇ«-Ê-©ÊÕ ÆŸµ¿u-§ŒÕÊ¢ Í䧌՜¿¢. «Öª½Õˆ© „çªá-˜°ä ‚ŸµÄ-ª½¢’à “X¾„-¬ä Á-X-K¾ -¹~-©ðE 7 N¦µÇ-’Ã-©Â¹× Æ¢Ÿ¿Õ-¦Ç-{Õ©ð …Êo ®¾«Õ-§ŒÖEo N¦µ¼->¢-ÍŒÕ-ÂíE, êšÇ-ªá¢-ÍŒÕ-Âî-„ÃL. Åç©Õ’¹Õ, ²Ä¢X¶ÏÕ¹ ¬Ç®¾Y¢, ’¹º-ÅË -¬Œ Ç-²ÄY©ðx ŠÂîˆ N¦µÇ-’Ã-EÂË 20 ¬ÇÅŒ¢ «¢ÅŒÕÊ „çáÅŒh¢ 60 ¬ÇÅŒ¢ ®¾«Õ§ŒÕ¢.* ‚¢’¹x¢, ¦µ÷A¹ ª½²Ä-§ŒÕÊ ¬Ç²ÄY©Õ, °«-¬Ç-²ÄY©Õ ŠÂíˆ-¹ˆ-šÂË Ë 10 ¬ÇÅŒ¢ «¢ÅŒÕÊ „çáÅŒh¢ 30 ¬ÇÅŒ¢ ®¾«Õ§ŒÕ¢.* >.éÂ., šÌ*¢’û ‚XÏ-{d Öu-œþ-©Â¹× 10 ¬ÇÅŒ¢ ®¾«Õ§ŒÕ¢.
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’¹º-ÅË -¬Œ Ç®¾Y ¤Äª¸½u-X¾Û-®¾h-ÂÃ-©ðxE ÆEo ®¾«Õ-®¾u-©ÊÖ «Õªî-²ÄJ ²ÄCµ¢-ÍÃL. „ÚËE ÆÅŒu¢ÅŒ „ä’¹¢’à ²ÄCµ¢Íä «Üu£¾Ç¢ ª½Ö¤ñ¢-C¢-ÍŒÕ-Âî-„ÃL. >.éÂ. Â¢ “X¾A-ªîW „êÃh-X-“¾ A-¹©Õ ÍŒŸ-„¿ ÃL. “X¾X¾¢-Í-„Œ Ãu-X¾h¢’à ’¹ÕJh¢X¾Û ¤ñ¢CÊ „êÃh¢-¬Ç-©ÊÕ ¯î{Õ X¾Û®¾h-¹¢©ð ªÃ®¾Õ-Âî-„ÃL. „ÚËE èÇcX¾ ¹¢ …¢ÍŒÕ-Âî-„ÃL. Åç©Õ’¹Õ, ‚¢’¹x¢, ¦µ÷A¹ ª½²Ä-§ŒÕÊ-¬Ç-²ÄY©Õ, °« ¬Ç²ÄY©Õ, ²Ä¢X¶ÏÕ¹ ¬Ç²ÄY© ¤Äª¸½u-X¾Û-®¾h-ÂÃ-©ÊÕ ‚«â-©Ç“’¹¢ ÍŒŸ-„¿ ÃL.
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X¾ª-ʸ½ ¢©ð ƪ½-„n çÕÊi ¦µÇ«Ê©ÊÖ ®¾Ÿ¿uÓ-®¾t%A (immediate memory) ©ð ¦µ¼“Ÿ¿-X-ª¾ -ͽ ÃL.* NNŸµ¿ ¦µÇ«-Ê-©ÊÕ „ç¢{-„ç¢-{¯ä ¯î{Õ X¾Û®¾h-Âéðx ªÃ®¾Õ-Âî-„ÃL. ƒ©Ç «âœ¿Õ ²Äª½Õx ÍŒC-NÅä ÆEo ¦µÇ«-Ê©Ö ÆDµ-Ê¢-©ðÂË «²Ähªá; ®¾t%A-X-Ÿ¾ ±¿¢©ð …¢œË, XÏLæ®h X¾©Õ-¹×-Åêá. Æ©Ç ÂÃE-X-¾ ¹~¢©ð «Õªî-²ÄJ ÍŒC-NÅä ®¾J-¤ò-ŌբC. “X¾„-¬ä Á-X-K¾ -¹~-©ðE “X¾¬Áo©ðx ‡Â¹×ˆ-«-¬ÇÅŒ¢ ‚§ŒÖ ¤Äª¸Ã© ÂË¢Ÿ¿ …Êo ƦµÇu-²Ä© ÊÕ¢Íä …¢šÇªá. ¨ ¦µÇ«Ê «ÕÊ ®¾Êo-Ÿ-Å¿l´ ÊŒ Õ «ÕJ¢ÅŒ ®¾Õ’¹«Õ¢ Í䮾Õh¢C. EKgÅŒ Âé-«u-«-Ÿµ¿Õ©ðx X¾ªÊ¸½ ¢, «ÕÊÊ¢, ƦµÇu®¾¢ Í䧌Õ{¢ ŸÄyªÃ “X¾„-¬ä ÁX¾-K-¹~©ð «Õ¢* ªÃu¢Â¹× ²ÄCµ¢-Í-«Œ ÍŒÕa. …¤Ä-ŸµÄu§ŒÕ P¹~-º©ð ®¾Õ©Õ-«Û’à “X¾„Pä ¢ÍŒ-«ÍŒÕa!
œçšj ü-定ü: «áÈu-„çÕÊi ÅäD©Õ: “X¾ŸµÄÊ ÅŒ¤Ä©Ç ÂêÃu-©-§ŒÖ©ðx, ¨Ð殄à ꢓŸÄ©ðx Ÿ¿ª‘½ Ç®¾Õh© N“¹§ŒÕ¢: \“XÏ©ü 15 «ª½Â¹Ø ¤ò®¾Õd ŸÄyªÃ Ÿ¿ª‘½ Ç®¾Õh© ®Ôy¹-ª-º½ Â¹× *«-J-ÅDä : \“XÏ©ü 20 “X¾„¬ä ÁXK¾ ¹~ ÅäD: „äÕ 24 „ç¦ü-å®jšü: www.dseap.gov.in
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«Õ¢* ¯î{Õq... «Öª½Õˆ© ’¹-E! ®¾ÅŒu ®¾y§ŒÕ¢’à ¯î{Õq ªÃ®¾Õ-¹×-¯-„ä ê½Õ …ÅŒh«Õ NŸÄuª½Õ©n Âî«-©ðÂË «²Ähª½Õ. Æ®¾©Õ ¯î{Õq èðLê ¤òE„ê½Õ ®¾’¹{Õ NŸÄuª½Õ©n E ƒ˜äd Ƣ͌¯ÃÂ¹× «Íça-§ŒÕu-«ÍŒÕa. ¯î{Õq ªÃ®¾Õ-¹×-¯-„ä Ã-J©ð Â¹ØœÄ 95 ¬ÇÅŒ¢ NŸÄuª½Õ©n Õ ¤ÄšË¢-ÍCä Ð ®¾¢“X¾-ŸÄ§ŒÕ ¦Ÿ¿-„l´ çÕÊi 'ME-§ŒÕªý ¯î{ÕqÑ. DE “X¾§çÖ-•-¯Ã©Õ X¾J-NÕÅŒ„äÕ!
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«ÕÊ «ÕÊ-®¾Õ©ð ‡¢Åî N®¾h%-Å-„Œ çÕÊi ®¾«Ö-Íê½¢ EÂË~-X¾h„çÕi …¢{Õ¢C. ÆC …Dl-Xʾ ¢ ¤ñ¢C „çLÂË ªÃ«-œÄ-EÂË “æXª½º ÂÄÃL. ŸÄEo ¹Lp¢Íä …X¾-¹-ª-º½ „äÕ ¯î{Õq. ‡«ªî ªÃ®ÏÊ ¯î{ÕqÂ¹× Æ©Ç¢šË “æXª½º …¢œ¿Ÿ¿Õ. ®¾y§ŒÕ¢’à ªÃ®¾Õ-¹×Êo ¯î{Õqê ‚ ¬ÁÂËh …¢{Õ¢C. ®¾y§ŒÕ¢’à ªÃ®¾Õ¹×Êo ¯î{Õq©ð «ÕÊ «á“Ÿ¿ …¢{Õ¢C. 'ŠJ->-¯Ã-LšÌÑ …¢{Õ¢C. ŠJ->-¯Ã-LšÌ …Êo •„Ã-¦Õ-©ê ‡Â¹×ˆ« «Öª½Õˆ©Õ «²Ähªá. Æ¢Åä Âù, N†¾§ŒÕ¢ X¾{x Æ«-’Ã-£¾ÇÊ åXª½-’Ã-©¯Ão, ÅäL’Ã_ N†¾§ŒÕ¢ ’¹Õª½Õh-åX-{Õd-Âî-„é¯Ão ‡«J ¯î{Õq „Ãêª ÅŒ§ŒÖ-ª½Õ-Í-®ä ¾Õ-Âî-„ÃL. «ÕÊ¢ ÅŒ§ŒÖª½Õ Í䮾Õ-Â¹×¯ä ¯î{Õq SMART’à …¢œÄL. EJl-†-„¾d çÕÊi (Specific) : N†¾§ŒÕ¢ EJl-†¾d¢’à …¢œÄL. Æ¢˜ä ¦µÇ„éðx ®¾p†¾Åd Œ …¢œÄL. œí¢Â¹ Aª½Õ-’¹Õœ¿Õ X¾EÂË ªÃŸ¿Õ. «uª½„n çÕÊi N†¾-§ŒÖ©Õ ©ä¹עœÄ N†¾§ŒÕ N«-ª-º½ ©ð ®¾ÖšË-ŸÊ¿ ¢ …¢œÄL.
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Æ¢Ÿ¿¢’à …¯Ãoªá ¹ŸÄ ÆE «ÕÊÂ¹× Æª½n¢ ÂÃE N†¾-§ŒÖ©Õ Æ¢Ÿ¿Õ©ð Í䪽a-¹Ø-œŸ¿ ¿Õ. „î¾h-«-„çÕÊi N†¾-§ŒÖ-©¯ä ªÃ®¾ÕÂî-„ÃL. ¹N-ÅÃ-ÅŒt-¹¢’à …¢œä X¾ª½Õ© ¦µÇ†¾©ð ¹¯Ão ®¾p†¾d¢’Ã, £¾Ý¢ŸÄ’à …¢œä ²ñ¢ÅŒ ¦µÇ†¾©ð ªÃ®¾Õ-¹ע-˜¯ä ä ¯î{Õq …X¾-§çÖ-’¹-¹ª½¢. ÂéX¾J-NÕA©ð (Time frame) Š-Ÿ’¿ ÃL: ¯î{Õq ÍÃ{ ¦µÇª½-ÅŒ¢©Ç …¢œ¿-¹Ø-œŸ¿ ¿Õ. Šœ¿Õf ¤ñœ¿-«ÛÅî ¤Ä{Õ ¯î{ÕqÂ¹× Âé Â (time dimension) …¢œÄL. ŠÂ¹ ˜ã„j þÕ “æX¶„þÕ©ð N†¾§ŒÕ¢ ƒNÕ-œ-¤Ë ò-„ÃL. Æ¢˜ä X¾C ENÕ-³Ä-©Âî, ƪ½-’n ¹¢-{Âî ®¾J-X-œ¾ ©ä Ç N†¾-§ŒÖEo ÅŒ§ŒÖ-ª½Õ-Í-®ä ¾Õ-Âî-„ÃL. ME-§ŒÕªý ¯î{Õq-¹עœä X¾J-NÕ-ÅŒÕ©Õ ÆCµ-’¹-NÕ¢* ‹ ͌¹ˆE ¯î{Õq NŸµÄÊ¢ …¢C. 40 \@Á} “ÂËÅ„Œ äÕ '„édªý ¤ÄÂúÑ Æ¯ä NŸÄu-„Åä Œh DEo ÅŒ§ŒÖ-ª½Õ-Í-¬ä Çœ¿Õ. NŸä-¬Ç©ðx N¬ì†¾ ‚Ÿ¿-ªº½ ¤ñ¢Ÿ¿Õ-ÅŒÕÊo ‚ ¯î{Õq NŸµÄÊ¢ \NÕšð, ŸÄEo ‡©Ç ÅŒ§ŒÖª½Õ Í䮾Õ-Âî-«Íîa «Íäa „ê½¢ ͌֟Äl¢! ME-§ŒÕªý ¯î{Õq (Linear Notes) ¯î{Õq «©x ‡Eo …X¾-§çÖ-’Ã-©Õ¯Ão „ÃšË ÊÕ¢* ‡Eo ®¾ÅŒp-L´ -ÅÃ©Õ «®¾Õh¯Ão ÍéÇ-«Õ¢C NŸÄu-ª½Õ©n Õ ²ñ¢ÅŒ¢’à ¯î{Õq ªÃ®¾Õ-ÂÕ. ªÃ®¾Õ-¹×-Êo-„Ã-J©ð Â¹ØœÄ 95 ¬ÇÅŒ¢ NŸÄu-ª½Õ-©n Â¹× ¯î{Õq ‡©Ç ÅŒ§ŒÖ-ª½Õ-Í-®ä ¾Õ-Âî-„éð ÅçL-§ŒÕ-Ÿ¿¢˜ä ÆA-¬Á-§çÖÂËh Âß¿Õ. „ê½¢Åà ®¾¢“X¾-ŸÄ§ŒÕ ¦Ÿ¿-„l´ çÕÊi ME-§ŒÕªý ¯î{Õq¯ä ÅŒ§ŒÖ-ª½Õ-Í-®ä ¾Õ-¹ע-šÇª½Õ. ‡œ¿«Õ ÊÕ¢* ¹לËÂË «ª½Õ-®©¾ ©ð (lines) , „ÃÂÃu© ª½ÖX¾¢’à …¢{Õ¢C ÂæšËd DEÂË linear notes ÆE æXª½Õ. ®¾«Õ§ŒÕ¢ ‚ŸÄ Æ«Û-ŌբŸÄ?: ME-§ŒÕªý ¯î{Õq „ÃÂÃu© ª½ÖX¾¢©ð …¢œ¿{¢ «©x Â̩¹ X¾ŸÄ-©Åî ¤Ä{Õ „ùuX¾Ü-ª-º½ Â¹× Æ«-®-ª¾ -«½ Õ§äÕu 80 ¬ÇÅŒ¢ «uª½-Xn -Ÿ¾ Ä©Õ ƒ¢Ÿ¿Õ©ð Íî{Õ Í䮾Õ-¹ע-šÇªá. Æ¢Ÿ¿Õ-«©x N©Õ-„Êçj ®¾«Õ§ŒÕ¢ «uª½-„n çÕ-¤i ò-ŌբC. ֮͌Ï-Ê¢-ůŒ ä ƪ½-«n Õ-«Û-ŌբŸÄ?: ME-§ŒÕªý ¯î{Õq æXªÃ-©Õ/-¤Ä-ªá¢{x ª½ÖX¾¢©ð …¢œ¿{¢ «©x „çáÅŒh¢ ÍŒCN-ůä ä ÂÃF Æ®¾©Õ N†¾§ŒÕ¢ ƪ½n¢ Âß¿Õ. ֮͌Ï-Ê¢-ůŒ ä N†¾§ŒÕ¢ ®¾Õp´J¢-ÍŸŒ ¿Õ. ÅŒš-©Ë -Åx ©Œ Ç «ÕÊ-®¾Õ©ð ÅŒ@ÁÙ-¹׈-«Õ-ÊŸ¿Õ. ’¹Õª½Õh-åX-{Õd-Âî-œÄ-EÂË O©-«Û-ŌբŸÄ?: NœË-N-œ’Ë Ã …¢œä X¾ŸÄ-©ÊÖ, „ÃÂÃu-©ÊÖ „çÕŸ¿œ¿Õ ’¹Õª½Õh-åX-{Õd-ÂÕ. ’¹Õª½Õh-åX-{ÕdÂî-„Ã-©¢˜ä èÇcX-¾ ¹-¬Á-ÂËhÂË Æ«-®-ª¾ -«½ Õ§äÕu ®¾Ö“ÅÃ©Õ ¯î{Õq©ð ƒNÕ-œ-«Ë Û¢-œÄL. ME-§ŒÕªý ¯î{Õq©ð ¨ èÇcX-¾ ¹-¬ÁÂËh ®¾Ö“ÅÃ-©Fo ƒNÕ-œ-«Ë Û¢-œ«¿ Û. ME-§ŒÕªý ¯î{Õq©ð ƒ©Ç¢šË X¾J-NÕ-ÅŒÕ-©¯ã îo …¯Ãoªá Âæ˜äd ŸÄEo ÆÊÕ-®-J¾ ¢-Í-„ä ê½Õ ÅŒ«ÕÂ¹× «Õ¢* èÇcX-¾ ¹-¬ÁÂËh
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ƒ©Çê’ …¢{Õ¢-ŸE¿ Ÿ¿%†Ï©d 𠅢͌Õ-ÂíE 骮¾Öu„çÕ ÅŒ§ŒÖª½Õ Í䮾Õ-Âî-„ÃL. Æ«-®-ª¾ -„½ çÕÅi ä ƒ¢Ÿ¿Õ©ð EX¾Û-ºÕ© ®¾£¾É§ŒÕ¢ B®¾Õ-Âî-«ÍŒÕa. * …Ÿîu’¹¢ Âî©ðp-ªáÊ N†¾-§ŒÖEo 骮¾Öu-„çÕ©ð “X¾²Äh-N¢-Í-« Œ Ÿ¿Õ.l ¹«ªý ©ã{-ªý©ð Â¹ØœÄ DE ’¹ÕJ¢* “X¾²Äh-«Ê ªÃF-§ŒÕ-«Ÿ¿Õ.l ¨ N†¾§ŒÕ¢ ÍŒJa¢-Í-œŒ Ä-EÂË ÅŒªÃyÅŒ OÕÂ¹× Æ«-ÂìÁ¢ ©Gµ-®¾Õh¢C. …Ÿîu’¹¢ Âî©ðp-ªáÊ N†¾-§ŒÖEo OÕ Æ¢ÅŒ{ OÕêª ¦§ŒÕ-{-åX-šÇd-LqÊ ‚«-¬Áu-¹Ō ©äŸ¿Õ, ÆœË-TÅä Ʀ-Ÿ-«¿l Ö-œÄ-LqÊ Æ«-®ª¾ ½¢ Â¹ØœÄ ©äŸ¿Õ!
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OšËE ’¹Õª½Õh¢-ÍŒÕ-ÂË! OÕª½Õ …Ÿîu’¹¢ Âî©ðp-§ŒÖ-ªÊ½ o „î¾h-„ÃEo Æ¢U-¹-J¢-ÍŒ¢œË. DEÂË ®¾¢¦¢-Cµ¢-*Ê ¦µÇ„î-Ÿäy-’Ã-©ÊÕ ¦§ŒÕ-{Â¹× ªÃF-§ŒÕ¢œË. * ’¹ÅŒ¢©ð X¾E-Í-® ä ÊÏ Â¹¢åX-F-©ÊÕ, ¦Ç®ý-©ÊÕ ®¾¢“X¾-C¢-ÍŒ¢œË. …Ÿîu’¹ “X¾§ŒÕ-ÅŒo¢©ð ÅŒ©Åã äh ʳÄdEo ÅŒT_¢-ÍŒÕÂî-«-œÄ-EÂË “X¾§ŒÕ-Ao¢-ÍŒ¢œË. * …Ÿîu-’¹-„-{ ä Â¹× Æ«-®-ª¾ -„½ çÕÊi „î¾h-N¹ “X¾ºÇ-R-¹ÊÕ ÅŒ§ŒÖ-ª½Õ-Í-®ä ¾Õ-ÂíE, ŸÄEÂË Â¹{Õd-¦œË “X¾§ŒÕ-ÅÃo©Õ “¤Äª½¢-Gµ¢-ÍŒ¢œË. * …Ÿîu’¹¢ Âî©ðp-ªá-Ê{Õx “X¾Íê½¢ Í䮾Õ-Âî-«Ÿ¿Õ,l N†¾§ŒÕ¢ ÅçL®Ï ‡«-骯 j à ƜË-TÅä Aª½-®ˆ¾ -J¢-ÍÊŒ Ö «Ÿ¿Õ.l * ƒ¢{-ª½Öyu-©©ð ¤ÄÅŒ ¹¢åXF ’¹ÕJ¢* Í眿Ւà «ÖšÇx-œ-« ¿ Ÿ¿Õ.l …Ÿîu’¹¢ Âî©ðp-«-œÄ-EÂË Âê½-ºÇ-©ÊÕ N«-J¢-Í-{ä -X¾Ûpœ¿Õ ƺ-¹׫, ²ÄÊÕ-¹ة Ÿµîª½ºË Æ«-®ª¾ ½¢. * …Ÿîu’¹¢ Âî©ðp-ªá-Ê¢-Ÿ¿ÕÂ¹× Â¹×{Õ¢¦¢ ÊÕ¢* èÇL, Ÿ¿§ŒÕ ‚P¢-Í-« Œ Ÿ¿Õ.l OÕ Æ¢ÅŒ{ OÕêª …ÅÃq-£¾Ç¢Åî «á¢Ÿ¿ÕÂ¹× „ç@Á-œx Ä-EÂË “X¾§ŒÕ-Ao¢-ÍŒ¢œË. * ƒ«Fo ¤ÄšËæ®h „ç¢{¯ä «Õªî …Ÿîu’¹¢ «®¾Õh¢-ŸE ¿ ÍçX¾p©- «ä á ÂÃF, ÂíÅŒh …Ÿîu’¹ “X¾§ŒÕ-ÅŒo¢©ð NÕ«ÕtLo OÕª½Õ ®¾éªÊj KA©ð «uÂÌh-¹-J¢-ÍŒÕ-Âî-«-œÄ-EÂË ¨ ®¾ÖÍŒ-Ê©Õ ÅŒX¾p-¹עœÄ …X¾-§çÖ-’¹-X-œ¾ -Å¿ êá.
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ƪ½|ÅŒ X¾K-¹~©ð ¹F®¾¢ 55 ¬ÇÅŒ¢ «Öª½Õˆ©Õ Æ«-®ª¾ ½¢. ¯çXj ª¾ ý ÂÕq©ðx “X¾„¬ä Á¢ ¤ñ¢Ÿ¿-œÄ-EÂË ê’šü ©äŸÄ §Œâ°-®ÐÔ -®-‡Ô -®ý-‰-‚ªý ¯çšü©ð …Bh-ªÅ½g Œ ²ÄCµ¢-ÍœŒ ¿¢ Æ«-®ª¾ ½¢. ¨ ®¾¢®¾-©n ðxE ®¾’¹¢ ®Ô{Õx “X¾¦µ¼ÕÅŒy ª½¢’¹ ®¾¢®¾©n ðx X¾E-Íæä ® „ÃJ Â¢ êšÇ-ªá-²Ähª½Õ. ‚§ŒÖ ®¾¢®¾©n ðx ¹F®¾¢ 骢œä@ÁÙx ÆÊÕ-¦µ¼«¢ …Êo-„ê½Õ Ÿ¿ª-‘½ Ç®¾Õh Í䮾Õ-Âî-«ÍŒÕa. * ‡¢H\ ÂÕq©ð “X¾„-¬ä Ç-EÂË ªÃÅŒ-X-K¾ -¹~-Åî-¤Ä{Õ “’¹ÖXý œË®¾ˆ-†¯ ¾ þ, ƒ¢{-ª½Öyu©Õ Â¹ØœÄ Eª½y-£ÏÇ-²Ähª½Õ. * Ÿ¿ª-‘ ½ Ç®¾Õh© èÇK: «ÖJa 16 ÊÕ¢* * Ÿ¿ª-‘ ½ Ç-®¾Õh©Õ ©Gµ¢Íä NŸµÄÊ¢, ƒÅŒª½ N«-ªÃ-©Â¹× www.niper.gov.in „ç¦ü-å®jšü ͌֜¿-’¹-©ª½Õ. * X¾ÜJh-Í-® ä ÊÏ Ÿ¿ª-‘½ Ç-®¾Õh©Õ Íäª-œ½ Ä-EÂË *«-J-ÅDä : 27 \“XÏ©ü, 2009-. *
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X¾J-“¬Á-«Õ© EX¾Û-ºÕ© Ƣ͌¯Ã “X¾Âê½¢ ƒ¢>-F-J¢’û ª½¢’¹¢©ð «Íäa \œÄC …Ÿîu’¹ Æ«-ÂÃ-¬Ç© X¾J-®AÏn Âí¢ÅŒ „çÕª½Õ-’¹§äÕu Æ«-ÂìÁ¢ …¢C. ƪáÅä …Ÿîu-’Ã©Õ ‚P¢Íä Ʀµ¼u-ª½Õ©n Õ «Ö“ÅŒ¢ ²Ä«Õ-ªÃnu© X¾ª½¢’à ®¾„Ã-@ÁÊx Õ ‡Ÿ¿Õ-ªîˆÂ¹ ÅŒX¾pŸ¿Õ. ®¾¦ãb¹×d X¾J-èÇcÊ¢, ²ÄX¶ý-®d ψ-©üqÅî-¤Ä{Õ ƒ¢Âà Ưä¹ ÂíÅŒh ¯çXj ¾Û-ºÇu-©ÊÕ ¯äª½Õa-¹×Êo „ÃJê ƫ-ÂÃ-¬Ç©Õ ÅŒ©ÕX¾Û ÅŒœ-Å¿ êá.
ʆ¾-¦d µ¼§ŒÕ¢ ÅŒT_¢-ÍœŒ ¿¢! “X¾®¾ÕhÅŒ¢ ƒ¢>-F-J¢’û 殫©ðx “¤Äèã-¹שd X¾J-«Öº¢ åXª½Õ-’¹Õ-Åî¢C. ‚šð-„äÕ-†¯¾ þ ‡Â¹×ˆ-«-«Û-Åî¢C. ¨ X¾J-ºÇ-«Ö© «©x “¤Äèã-¹שd ð ʆ¾-¦d µ¼§ŒÕ¢ (J®ýˆ) Â¹ØœÄ ÆCµ-¹-«Õ-«Û-Åî¢C. ƒ©Ç¢šË X¾J-®-ÅÏn ŒÕ©ðx ʆ¾-¦d µ¼-§ŒÖEo ÅŒT_¢-Í-œŒ Ä-EÂË Æ«-®-ª¾ -„½ çÕÊi „çÕ©-¹×-«©Õ ¯äª½Õa-Âî-«œ¿¢ …Ÿîu-’Ã-ª½Õ-©n Â¹× ÅŒX¾p-E-®J¾ . *ª½¢’ÃEo
¦šËd “¤Äèã¹×d „äÕ¯ä-èü-„çÕ¢-šü-Åî-¤Ä{Õ Â¹¯þ-®Â¾Z- ¹¯¥ þ „äÕ¯ä-èü-„çÕ¢šü, “¤ò“’ÄþÕ „äÕ¯ä-èü-„çÕ¢šü ¯çXj ¾Û-ºÇu©Õ Æ«-®-ª¾ -«½ Õ-«Û-Åêá. * “¤Äèã-¹×Âd ¹× ÅŒT-Ê-K-A©ð “X¾ºÇ-R¹ ª½Ö¤ñ¢-C¢-Íœ Œ ¿¢, ¦œçšb- Ë¢’û «u«-£¾É-ªÃ-©ÊÕ ÍŒÂ¹ˆ-¦-{ã œd ¿¢, “¤Äèã-¹שd Eª½y-£¾Ç-º©ð «²òhÊo ÅÃèÇ X¾J-ºÇ-«Ö-©Â¹× „ç¢{¯ä ®¾p¢C¢-ÍœŒ ¿¢, ÅŒC-ŪŒ ½ ²Ä«Õ-ªÃnu©Õ ¦µ¼N-†¾u-ÅŒÕh©ð ÂÌ©-¹¢’à «Öª½-ÊÕ-¯Ãoªá.
ƒ¢>-F-ªÂ½x ¹× ÆŸ¿-ÊX¾Û ¯çXj ¾Û-ºÇu©Õ «Öª½Õp-ÊÂ¹× ‡©x-X¾Ûpœ¿Ö ®¾¢®Ï-ŸÅ¿l´ ,Œ „Ãu¤Äª½ Ÿ¿%¹pŸ±¿¢, «Üu£¾É-ÅŒt¹ ‚©ð-Í-ÊŒ ©Õ, Šê X¾E ÂùעœÄ «ÕJEo ¦ÇŸµ¿u-Å©Œ Õ ÍäX-{¾ -œd Ä-EÂË ®ÏŸ¿l´¢’à …¢œ¿{¢... Ʀµ¼u-ª½Õ©n ðx ƒ©Ç¢šË ©Â¹~-ºÇ-©åXj ¹¢åX-F©Õ ÆCµ-¹¢’à Ÿ¿%†Ï-åd X-{Ê-d Õ-¯Ãoªá. ƒ¢>-Fª½Õx åX¶¯j ïþq, ®Ï®„¾d þÕq Æ¢¬Ç©ðx X¾J-èÇcÊ¢ åX¢¤ñ¢-C¢-ÍŒÕ-Âî-«œ¿¢ ÍÃ©Ç «áÈu¢. ƒ¢>-Fª½Õx Â¹ØœÄ šÇ©ã¢šü „äÕ¯ä-èü-„çÕ¢šü, é’œj þ Í䧌՜¿¢, X¾E-Bª½Õ „çÕª½Õ-’¹Õ-X-ª¾ -ͽ -œŒ Ä-EÂË ®¾ÖÍŒ-Ê©Õ ƒ«yœ¿¢ ©Ç¢šË ²Ä«Õ-ªÃnu-©ÊÕ Æ¢C-X¾Û-ÍŒÕa-Âî-„ÃL. * Eêª-Pl ¢-*Ê X¾E©ð ¯çX j ¾Û-ºu¢-Åî-¤Ä{Õ ²ÄŸµÄ-ªº½ ‚X¾-êª-†-ʾ ©ü, „äÕ¯ä-èü-„çÕ¢šü «u«-£¾É-ªÃ-©ÊÕ Â¹ØœÄ ÍŒÂ¹ˆ-¦-{ã -d ’¹-©-’ÃL. * *
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…Ÿîu-’Ã-ª½Õ-©n -Åî-¤Ä{Õ “X¾®¾ÕhÅŒ …Ÿîu-’¹Õ©Õ Â¹ØœÄ “¤Äèã¹×d Æ«-®-ª¾ Ã-©ÊÕ Ÿ¿%†Ï©d 𠅢͌Õ-ÂíE «Öª½Õp-©Â¹× ®ÏŸ¿l´¢’à …¢œÄL. *ƢŌ-ªÃbB - -§ŒÕ¢’à «²òhÊo “X¾«Ö-ºÇ-©ÊÕ X¾J-Q-L®¾Öh, ÆÅŒÕu-ÅŒh«Õ X¾E X¾Ÿ-Å¿l´ ŒÕ-©ÊÕ ‚ÍŒ-J¢-ÍÃL. ¯çšü-«-Jˆ¢’û, Ê«uÅŒy¢, ‚ÍŒ-ªº½ ²Ä«Õ-ªÃnu©Õ ®¾OÕX¾ ¦µ¼N-†¾u-ÅŒÕh©ð ÍÃ©Ç ÂÌ©-¹¢’à «Öª½-ÊÕ-¯Ãoªá. * ÆEo ª½¢’Ã-©ðxÊÖ Â¹¢åX-F© ²Ä«Õª½nu¢, …ÅÃp-ŸÂ¿ ¹ ²Änªá åXª½Õ-’¹Õ-Åî¢C. DEÂË ÆÊÕ-’¹Õ-º¢’à Ʀµ¼u-ª½Õ© n ²Ä«Õ-ªÃnu©-Åî-¤Ä{Õ «ÖÊ-®ÂÏ ¹ ®¾¢®Ï-Ÿ-Å¿l´ ©Œ ð Â¹ØœÄ «Öª½Õp Æ«-®ª¾ ½¢. “¤Äèã-¹×Âd ¹× „ç*a¢Íä Ȫ½Õa-©ÊÕ X¾ª½u-„-Âä Ë~¢-Í-œŒ ¿¢©ð ÂíÅŒh X¾Ÿ-Å¿l´ ŒÕ-©ÊÕ Â¹ÊÕ-Âîˆ-«œ¿¢, «u§ŒÖEo ÅŒT_¢-Í-œŒ Ä-EÂË Eª½¢-ŪŒ ½¢ “X¾§ŒÕ-Ao¢-ÍœŒ ¿¢ ƒ¢>-F-ªÂ½x ¹× ÂÌ©-¹¢’à «Öª½-ÊÕ-¯Ãoªá.
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Test Your Proficiency
He was devoted to Peace
¦µÇ†¾ÊÕ …X¾-§çÖT¢Íä “Â¹«Õ¢©ð ¤ñª½¤Ä{Õx Ÿíª½{x ¢ ®¾£¾Ç•¢. „ÚËE ’¹«Õ-E¢* ®¾J-CŸ¿ÕÂl î«-šÇ-EÂË “X¾§ŒÕAo¢ÍŒ{¢ NŸÄuª½Õ©n ¹ª½h«u¢. OÕ ¦µÇ³Ä X¾J-èÇcÊ¢ \ ²Änªá©ð …¢Ÿî Åç©Õ-®¾Õ-Âî-„Ã-©¢˜ä ÂË¢Ÿ¿ ƒ*aÊ ÂËyèü X¾ÜJh Í䧌բœË. Choose the correct setences: 01) A. I did not know he has used the book B. I did not know that he had used the book C. I did not know that he has used the book D. I did not know that he uses the book
02) A. Kumar gave Karuna all the books that he had B. Kumar gave Karuna all the books what he had C. Kumar gave Karuna all the books which he had D. Kumar gave what all the books he had to Karuna
3) A. Hemanth told that Hari earned all his money by cheating B. Hemanth informed that Hari earned all his money by cheating C. Hemanth said everyone that Hari earned all his money by cheating D. Hemanth said that Hari earned all his money by cheating
04) A. I offered him a good sum but he will not take it B. I gave him a good amount of money but he will not take it C. I offered him a good sum of money but he would not take it D. I offer him a good sum of money but he would not take it
05) A. Gandhi was devoted to peace and non-violence
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B. Gandhi was devoted himself to peace and non-violence C. Gandhi devoted to peace and non-violence D. Gandhi dedicated to peace and non-violence
Choose the group of words that fill the following sentences: 06)If you are ardent about something, you are A. good at doing it B. not interested in it C. afraid of it D. very enthusiastic about and interested in it
07) If a person is ailing they are A. very healthy B. very happy C. sick D. unjust
08) Your attempts are futile if A. they are unsuccessful B. they are successful C. you win D. don't try at all
09) When a person can cope with something, they A. cannot manage it B. can handle it C. can understand it D. can explain it
10) If you live in a temperate zone A. you feel neither very hot nor very cold B. you feel very hot and very cold C. You feel totally cold D. you feel totally hot
\C ‡¢Ÿ¿ÕÂ¹× ®¾éª-Êj C? 01.
Answer B. Setence©ð Main clause, 'I did not know'©ð verb, did know (knew), past tence. Æ¢Ÿ¿Õ-¹E subordinate clause (that) he has used the book, ©ðE has used, present tense©ð …¢C. Generally if the verb in the main clause is in the past tense, The verb in the subordinate clause Â¹ØœÄ past tense©ð …¢œÄL. ÂæšËd A and D, wrong. Æ¢Ÿ¿Õ-¹¯ä D ¹؜Ä
ÅŒX¾Ûp. 02. Answer A. Sentence ƪ½n¢Ð Kumar ÅŒÊ-¹×Êo
X¾Û®¾h-ÂÃ-©-Eo-šFË (\ X¾Û®¾hÂÃ-©-ªáÅä ÅŒÊ Ÿ¿’¹ª_ ½ …¯Ão§çÖ, ÆEo-šFË ) ¹ª½Õ-º-Â-ÍË Ãaœ¿Õ. 'ÅŒÊ Ÿ¿’¹J_ X¾Û®¾hÂéÕÑ Æ¯ä ƪ½n¢. The books what he had (B) 'What all the books he had (D) - ƒÂ¹ˆœ¿ what „Ãœ¿Â¹¢ ®¾J-Âß¿Õ. All the books which he had (C) Âí¢ÅŒ X¶ª¾ Ãy-©Ÿ ä ¿Õ. ÂÃF ÆEo-š-ÂË ¹¢˜ä ®¾éª-Êj CÐ A. 03. Answer D. Tell (Past Tense and Past participle told) Æ¢˜ä ÍçX¾p{¢. ƪáÅä say©Ç ÂùעœÄ, tell ÅŒªÃyÅŒ „ç¢{¯ä ‡«-JÅî ÍçXÏp¢D Åç©-¤ÄL. (tell me/her/him/somebody etc.) Inform (®¾«Ö-Íê½¢ Åç©p{¢) Â¹ØœÄ Æ¢Åä. Æ¢Ÿ¿Õ-¹E A & B wrong. Say (P.T. - and PP said) ÅŒªÃyÅŒ to ¹*aÅŒ¢’à ªÃ„ÃL, ‡«-JÅî Íç¤Äp-ªE½ ÅçL-æX-«á¢Ÿ¿Õ. So, C is wrong.
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04. Answer C. ¯äÊ-Å-E Œ ÂË ¦Ç’à ‡Â¹×ˆ« œ¿¦äs ƒÍÃaÊÕ’ÃF, ÆÅŒÊÕ B®¾Õ-Âî-©Ÿä ¿Õ/ B®¾Õ-¹×-¯ä¢Ÿ¿ÕÂ¹× ƒ†¾-Xd -œ¾ -©¿ Ÿä ¿Õ ÆE sentence ƪ½n¢. ƪáÅä ƒÂ¹ˆœ¿ main cluase verb ''offered' past tense. Æ¢Ÿ¿Õ-¹E subordinate clause©ð would ªÃ„ÃL. will ªÃŸ¿Õ. Æ¢Ÿ¿Õ-¹E A and B wrong. I offer him ÆE «á¢Ÿ¿Õ «*a-Ê-X¾Ûpœ¿Õ, 骢œî clause©ð will ªÃ„ÃL, would ªÃŸ¿Õ. So D is wrong.
05. Answer A ƪ½n¢Ð ’âDµ X¾ÜJh’à ¬Ç¢A, Æ£ÏÇ¢-®-© ¾ Â¹× Æ¢ÂË-Å-„Œ çÕ-¤i ò-§ŒÖœ¿Õ. B is wrong because, Gandhi devoted himself/Gandhi was devoted Æ¢šÇ¢. ÂæšËd B and C wrong. D©ð dedicated Â¹ØœÄ devoted ©Ç’Ã¯ä „ÃœÄh¢. was dedicated/ dedicated himself Æ¢šÇ¢. Æ¢Ÿ¿Õ-¹E D, wrong. 06. Answer D (Ardent = ‚wªÅ ½l ,Œ …ÅÃq£¾Ç¢ ÍŒÖXÏ¢-ÍœŒ ¿¢) A = ŠÂ¹ X¾E ¦Ç’à Í䧌Õ-’¹-©{_ ¢. 07. Answer C. Ailing = •¦Õs’à …¢œ¿{¢. D= ƯÃu-§ŒÕ-„çÕÊ i 08. Answer A= Futile = useless- Eª½Õ-X-§ ¾ çÖ-’¹-„çÕÊi = ®¾X©¶¾ ¢ ÂÃE 09. Answer B= Cope with = ÅŒ{Õd-Âî-«{¢/ «ÕÊ ÆŸ¿Õ-X¾Û©ð …¢ÍŒÕ-Âî-’¹-©{ _ ¢ 10. Answer A = ®¾«Õ-Q-Åg (‡¢œ¿, ÍŒL ®¾«Õ¢’à …¢œä ¦µ¼ÖNÕ OÕC “¤Ä¢ÅéÕ) «Õ¢œ¿-©Ç©Õ.
Ð ‡¢. ®¾Õêª-¬Á¯þ KEY 01. B 02. A 03. D 04. C 05. A 06. D 07. C 08. A 09. B 10. A
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„ç.j N. ’î¤Ä-©-¹%-†-«¾g âJh ACE ƒ¢>-FJ¢’û Âéäèü “X¾¦µ¼Õ-ÅŒy-ª½¢’¹ ®¾¢®¾n G.‡-®ý.-‡-¯þ.-‡©ü.©ð WE-§ŒÕªý ˜ãLÂâ ‚X¶-®Ô ª¾ ý (èäš‹Ì ) ¤ò®¾Õ©d “X¾Â¹-{ÊÐ “’Ãœ¿Õu-§äÕšü ƒ¢>-F-ªÂ½x ¹× ¬ÁÙ¦µ¼„Ãêªh! ‚Jn¹ ®¾¢Â~¼¢ «â©¢’Ã.. C’¹-èÇ-JÊ ÂÃu¢X¾®ý E§ŒÖ-«Õ-ÂÃ-©Åî C’Ã-©Õ-X-œ¾ ÊË åX¶Êj -L-§ŒÕªý NŸÄu-ª½Õ-©n Â¹× ƒŸî ͌¹ˆšË Æ«ÂìÁ¢. ¨ èäš‹Ì X¾K¹~ “XÏX-ê¾ ª-†¯¾ þ... œÎ‚-ªý-œ‹Î „ç៿-©Êãj ®¾¢®¾©n …Ÿîu-’Ã-©Â¹Ø …X¾-§çÖ’¹Â¹ª½¢. -…•y© ¦µ¼N-†¾uÅŒÕh …Êo ‚Ÿµ¿Õ-E¹ ª½¢’¹¢ ¹«âu-E-êÂ-†¯¾ þq. 宩ü-¤¶òÊÕx, “¦Çœþ-¦Çu¢œþ ƒ¢{-éªošü, ©Çu¢œþ©- Êãj x \ªÃp{Õ, Eª½y-£¾Çº, E§ŒÕ¢-“ÅŒº „ç៿-©Êãj ²Ä¢êÂ-A¹ ¦ÇŸµ¿u-Å-©Œ ÊÕ èäš-‹Ì ©Õ Eª½y-£ÏÇ-®¾Õh¢-šÇª½Õ. ¨ …Ÿîu-’¹¢©ð “X¾„-Pä ¢-*-Ê„Ã-JÂË «Õ¢* °ÅŒ-¦µ¼-ÅÃu-©Åî ¤Ä{Õ ‡¯îo «®¾-ÅŒÕ-©Õ¢-šÇªá. ÅŒyª½©ð •ª½-’¹-ÊÕÊo „äÅÊŒ ®¾«-ªº½ ÅŒªÃyÅŒ “¤Äª½¢¦µ¼ °ÅŒ„äÕ 30„ä© ª½Ö¤Ä-ªá-©Â¹× NÕ¢* …¢{Õ¢C. “X¾®¾ÕhÅŒ ¯îšË-X-ê¶Ï Â-†¯¾ îx 3 N¦µÇ-’éðx 3945 èäš-‹Ì ©ÊÕ E§ŒÕ-NÕ¢-Í-ÊŒ Õ-¯Ãoª½Õ. ˜ãLÂâ N¦µÇ-’¹¢©ð 3545 ¤ò®¾Õ©d Ö; ‡©-ÂÂËZ- ¹©ü, ®ÏN©ü N¦µÇ-’éðx 200 ÍíX¾Ûp¯Ã …Ÿîu-’Ã-©Õ-¯Ãoªá. ’¹ÅŒ \œÄC ŸÄŸÄX¾Û 3,600 ¤ò®¾Õ©d ¦µ¼Kh •J-T¢C. OšË©ð ®Ï¢£¾Ç-¦µÇ’¹¢ ¤ò®¾Õ-©d ÊÕ «ÕÊ ªÃ†¾Z Ʀµ¼u-ª½Õ©n ä Íä>-Âˈ¢-ÍŒÕ-¹×-¯Ãoª½Õ.
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ƒ¢>-F-J¢’û ®ÔZ„þÕ N-¦µÇ’¹¢ 2 (50 “X¾¬Áo©Õ) •Ê-ª©½ ü ‡G-LšÌ ˜ã®ýd N-¦µÇ’¹¢ 3 (20 “X¾¬Áo©Õ) «âœ¿Õ N¦µÇ-’Ã-©Â¹Ø ¹LXÏ 3 ’¹¢{© ®¾«Õ§ŒÕ¢ ƒ²Ähª½Õ. Æ¢Åä-ÂÃF OšËÂË NœË-N-œ’Ë Ã “X¾Åäu¹ ®¾«Õ§ŒÕ¢ Æ¢{Ö \OÕ …¢œ¿Ÿ¿Õ. ®Ï©-¦®ý:èäš‹Ì (˜ãLÂâ) ¤òšÌ-X-K¾ -¹~Â¹× …«ÕtœË ®Ï©-¦-®ýÊÕ Eêª-Pl ¢-Íê½Õ. ƪ½|ÅŒ …Êo Ʀµ¼u-ª½Õ-©n ¢-Ÿª¿ ½Ö CSE, IT...) ¨ ®Ï©-¦-®ýÂ¹× ®ÏŸ-« ¿l´ Õ-„Ãy-Lq-«Û¢-{Õ¢C.
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-‚£¾Éy-E-²òh¢-C -Æ-"-© -¦µÇª½-ÅŒ ®¾-Ky®ý! ’î¤Ä-©-¹%†¾g “¦ãªá¯þ “šÌ “X¾¦µ¼ÕÅŒy …Ÿîu-’Ã-©åXj ‚®¾ÂËh åXª½Õ-’¹Õ-ÅŒÕÊo “X¾®¾ÕhÅŒ ÅŒª½Õ-º¢©ð ƒ¢œË-§ŒÕ¯þ ¤¶Ä骮ýd ®¾Ky®ý (IFS) “X¾Â¹-{Ê Nœ¿Õ-Ÿ-©¿ ãj¢C. å®j¯þq ¯äX-Ÿ¾ ±¿u-«á-Êo-„ê½Õ ¨ X¾K¹~Â¹× ®ÏŸ-«¿l´ Õ-«y{¢ «Õ¢* ‚©ð-ÍÊŒ . Šê ƢÍç ªÃÅŒ-X-K¾ ¹~, ‚åXj ƒ¢{ª½Öyu; “X¾Â¹-šË¢-*Ê ¤ò®¾Õ©d Õ 75. ‚®¾ÂËh …Êo-„Ã-JÂË ‚ÂÃ-¬Á„äÕ £¾ÇŸ¿Õ!l êÂ~“ÅŒ NŸµ¿Õ©Ö, ÂêÃu-©§ŒÕ ¦ÇŸµ¿u-Å©Œ ®¾„äÕt@ÁʢРƒ¢œË-§ŒÕ¯þ ¤¶Ä骮ýd ®¾Ky®ý. NCµ Eª½y-£¾Çº©ð ¦µÇ’¹¢’à ƪ½ºu ²ù¢Ÿ¿-ªÃuFo, NGµ-Êo-ÅÊŒ Ö, “X¾¬Ç¢-Å-ÅŒ ÊŒ Ö ‚²Äy-C¢Íä ‚²Äˆª½¢ ©Gµ-®¾Õh¢C. ¨ ÆCµ-ÂÃ-ª½Õ©Õ >©Çx/ ªÃ†¾Z “X¾ŸµÄÊ ÂêÃu-©-§ŒÖ©ðx …¢œä Æ{-O-¬Ç-È© Âê½u-¹-©Ç-¤Ä©Â¹× ¦ÇŸµ¿uÅŒ «£ÏÇ-²Ähª½Õ. ‰‡-X¶ý-‡®ý X¾K¹~ Ÿ¿ª-‘½ Ç®¾Õh©Õ ®¾«Õ-Jp¢-Í-Œ šÇ-EÂË *«-J-ÅDä : «ÖJa 16. X¾K¹~ V©ãj 11Ê •ª½Õ-’¹Õ-ŌբC. 21Ð30 \@Á} «§ŒÕ-®¾Õ-Êo-„ê½Õ Ÿ¿ª-‘½ Ç®¾Õh Í䧌Õ-«ÍŒÕa. („ç¦ü-å®jšü: www.upsc.gov.in) ªÃÅŒXK¾ -¹~©ð ¯çT-Ê_ -„ê½Õ 300 «Öª½Õˆ© ƒ¢{-ª½ÖyuÂ¹× £¾É•-ª-„½ Ãy-Lq-«Û¢-{Õ¢C. Ʀµ¼u-JÂn Ë ªÃÅŒ-X-K¾ -¹~©ð, ƒ¢{-ª½Öyu©ð «*aÊ «Öª½Õˆ©ÊÕ ¦šËd ÅŒÕC „çÕJšü èÇG-Åéð ²ÄnÊ¢ Ÿ¿Â¹×ˆ-ŌբC. ‡¢XÏ-éÂÊj Ʀµ¼u-ª½Õ-©n Â¹× œç“£¾É-œ¿Ö-¯þ-©ðE ƒ¢C-ªÃ-’âDµ ¯ä†-ʾ ©ü ¤¶Ä骮ýd ÆÂÃ-œ-O¿ Õ©ð X¾Â¹œ¿s¢D 骢œä@Á} P¹~º ©Gµ-®¾Õh¢C. Æ{O ®¾¢X¾ŸÅ¿ î •Jê’ Æ“Â¹«Õ „Ãu¤ÄªÃEo Eªî-Cµ¢-Í{Œ ¢, Æ{-O-¦µ¼Ö-«á-©ÊÕ Â¹¦ÇbŸ- Ä-ª½Õ-©-ÊÕ¢* X¾J-ª-½ Ë~¢-Í{Œ ¢ …Ÿîu-’¹-N-Ÿµ¿Õ©ðx ¦µÇ’¹„äÕ. X¾K-¹~Â¹× ®¾¢¦¢-Cµ¢-*Ê ¤ÄÅŒ “X¾¬Áo-X-“¾ ÅÃ-©ÊÕ æ®Â¹-J¢-ÍÃL. •Ê-ª©½ ü ƒ¢Tx-†ý©ð “X¾¬Áo© ²ÄnªáE ’¹«Õ-E¢-ÍÃL. „ÃšË ²Änªá «ÕÊ ²Änªá-¹¢˜ä ‡Â¹×ˆ-«-E-XæÏ ®h ‡æ®q, “’ëժý©åXj X¾Û®¾h-ÂÃ©Õ ÆŸµ¿u-§ŒÕÊ¢ Í䧌ÖL. ‡æ®q ªÃ§ŒÕ{¢ ²ÄŸµÊ¿ Í䧌ÖL. X¾ªÃu-«-ª-º½ Ç-EÂË ®¾¢¦¢-Cµ¢-*Ê Æ¢¬Ç-©åXj Ÿ¿%†Ïd åXšÇdL. * >.éÂ. “X¾¬Áo-X-“¾ ÅÃEo N¬ì-† x Ï¢-ÍÃL. \ ª½Â¹¢ “X¾¬Áo©Õ «®¾Õh-¯Ãoªá, „ÚËéÂEo «Öª½Õˆ©Õ ƯäC èÇG-ÅÃ’Ã ªÃ§ŒÖL. ŸÄE-¹-ÊÕ-’¹Õ-º¢’à “X¾A “X¾¬ÁoÂ¹Ø ®¾«Õ§ŒÕ¢ êšÇ-ªá¢ÍŒÕÂî„ÃL. •„Ã-¦Õ©Õ ªÃ§ŒÕ{¢ ²ÄŸµÊ¿ Í䧌ÖL. •Ê-«J 2008 ÊÕ¢* •J-TÊ «ª½h-«ÖÊ «u«-£¾É* *
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…¤Ä-ŸµÄu§ŒÕ P¹~ºÂ¹× œË.ƒœË ¦Ç{ œÄ. œË. ²Ä¢¦-«âJh «ÕÊ ªÃ†¾Z¢©ð NJ-N’à …Ÿîu-’Ã-«-ÂÃ-¬Ç-©ÕÊo êÂ~“ÅŒ¢ NŸÄu-ª½¢-’¹„äÕ. ¤Äª½-„x çÕ¢{Õ «á¢Ÿ¿ÕÊo NŸÄu-£¾Ç¹׈ ÍŒ{d¢ Æ«Õ-©ðxÂË «æ®h «ÕÊ ªÃ†¾Z¢-©ð¯ä „ä©Ç-C’à ÂíÅŒh “¤ÄŸ±-N¿ Õ¹ ¤Äª¸-¬½ Ç-©©Õ “¤Äª½¢-¦µ¼-«Õ-«Û-Åêá. „Ú˩𠅤Ä-ŸµÄu-§Œá© E§ŒÖ-«Õ¹¢ „ä© ®¾¢Èu©ð •ª½Õ-’¹Õ-ŌբC. œË¤ñx«Ö ƒ¯þ ‡œ¿Õu-êÂ-†¯¾ þ ª½¢’¹¢-©ðÊÖ …¯Ãoªá.
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X¾K¹~ ‡©Ç …¢{Õ¢C? œçšj ü-å®-šü©ð 100 ‚¦ãÂb- „Ëd þ “X¾¬Áo-©Õ¢-šÇªá. ŠÂ¹ “X¾¬ÁoÂ¹× ŠÂ¹ «Öª½Õˆ. “X¾¬Áo-X-“¾ ÅŒ¢©ð \œ¿Õ N¦µÇ-’Ã-©Õ¢-šÇªá. OšË-©ðE ‰Ÿ¿Õ N¦µÇ-’Ã-©Â¹× \œî ÅŒª-’½ ¹A ²Änªá ¤Äª¸½u-X¾Û-®¾h-ÂÃ©Õ ‚ŸµÄª½¢. «âœî ÅŒª-’½ ¹A ÊÕ¢* \œî ÅŒª-’½ ¹A „ÃÍŒ-ÂÃ-©åXj X¾{Õd ®¾¢¤Ä-Cæ®h ®¾«Ö-ŸµÄ-¯Ã©Õ ’¹ÕJh¢-Í{Œ ¢ ®¾Õ©-¦µ¼-«Õ-«Û-ŌբC. 1. •Ê-ª©½ ü ¯Ã©ãœþb, šÌ*¢’û ‚XÏ-{d Öuœþ: OšË©ðE 10 “X¾¬Áo©ðx 5 >.éÂ.ÂË Íç¢C-ÊN. ¨ “X¾¬Áo©ðx ¦µ÷’î-R¹, ÍÃJ-“Ō¹, ‚Jn¹, ²Ä«Ö->¹, ²Ä¢®¾ˆ%-A¹, ¬Ç®¾Y ²Ä¢êÂ-A¹ ª½¢’Ã-©ðxE Æ¢¬Ç-©Õ¢-šÇªá. ƒšÌ-«-L-ÂÃ-©¢©ð •J-TÊ, “X¾X¾¢ÍŒ Ÿ¿%†ÏEd ‚¹-J¥¢-*Ê Æ¢¬Ç©Õ (…ŸÄ: ‚²Äˆªý Æ„Ã-ª½Õ©f Õ, “ÂÌœÄ-ª½¢’¹ ®¾¢X¶¾Õ-{-Ê©Õ) ¨ “X¾¬Áo©ðx …¢œ¿-«ÍŒÕa. OšËÂË •„Ã-¦Õ©Õ ªÃ§ŒÖ-©¢˜ä ‚§ŒÖ Æ¢¬Ç-©Â¹× ®¾¢¦¢-Cµ¢-*Ê ÅÃèÇ X¾J-èÇcÊ¢ ®¾¢¤Ä-C¢-ÍÃL. šÌ*¢’û ‚XÏ-{d Öuœþ (¦ðŸµ¯¿ à ÆGµ-ª½Õ*)ÂË Íç¢CÊ ‰Ÿ¿Õ “X¾¬Áo-©Â¹× ÆÊÕ-¦µ¼-«„äÕ “¤ÄA-X-C¾ ¹. 2. ²ÄŸµÄ-ªº½ Åç©Õ’¹Õ: «âœî ÅŒª-’½ ¹A ÊÕ¢* \œî ÅŒª-’½ ¹A «ª½Â¹× …Êo Åç©Õ’¹Õ „ÃÍŒ-Âé ‚ŸµÄ-ª½¢’à ¨ “X¾¬Áo©Õ¢-šÇªá. „çáÅŒh¢ 20 “X¾¬Áo©Õ. 3. ²ÄŸµÄ-ªº½ ‚¢’¹x¢: ¨ N¦µÇ-’¹¢©ð 10 “X¾¬Áo-©Õ¢-šÇªá. “X¾¬Áo©Õ \œî ÅŒª-’½ ¹A «ª½Â¹Ø …Êo ‚¢’¹x ¤Äª¸½u-X¾Û-®h¾ -Âé ‚ŸµÄ-ª½¢’à ª½Ö¤ñ¢-Ÿ¿Õ-Åêá. 4. ²Ä«ÖÊu ’¹ºÅË Œ¢:DE©ð 20 “X¾¬Áo-©Õ¢-šÇªá. ƒN Â¹ØœÄ \œî ÅŒª-’½ ¹A «ª½Â¹Ø ÍŒC-NÊ ’¹º-ÅË -¬Œ Ç®¾Y¢ ‚ŸµÄ-ª½¢-’Ã¯ä ª½Ö¤ñ¢-Ÿ¿Õ-Åêá. OšË©ð Ƣ¹-’¹-ºÅË Œ¢, H•-’¹-ºÅË Œ¢, êª‘Ç ’¹ºÅË Œ¢, êÂ~“ÅŒ-’¹ºÅË Œ ¦µÇ«-Ê-©Åî ¤Ä{Õ ²Ä¢Èu-¹-¬Ç®¾Y¢ (²Ädš-®Ë ÂÏd úq) ¦µÇ«-Ê©Õ Â¹ØœÄ “X¾¬Áo-©Õ’à «²Ähªá. ŠÂîˆ Æ¢¬Á¢ ÊÕ¢* ¯Ã©Õ-é’Ÿj ¿Õ “X¾¬Áo©Õ ªÃ„íÍŒÕa. 5. ¦µ÷A¹ ª½²Ä-§ŒÕÊ ¬Ç²ÄY©Õ: 3,4,5 ÅŒª-’½ ¹-Ōթðx X¾J-®-ª¾ é NèÇcÊ¢ II, 6,7 ÅŒª-’½ ¹-Ōթðx ²Ä«Ö-Êu-¬Ç-®¾Y¢-©ðE X¾ŸÄª½n NèÇc-¯Ã-EÂË Íç¢CÊ ¤Äª¸Ã© ÊÕ¢* 10 “X¾¬Áo-©Õ¢-šÇªá. ¦µ÷A-¹-¬Ç®¾Y ¦µÇ«-Ê-©Â¹× ‰Ÿ¿Õ, ª½²Ä-§ŒÕ-Ê-¬Ç®¾Y ¦µÇ«-Ê-©Â¹× ‰Ÿ¿Õ “X¾¬Áo-©Õ¢-œ-«¿ ÍŒÕa. 6. °«-¬Ç®¾Y¢:3,4,5 ÅŒª-’½ ¹-Ōթðx X¾J-®-ª¾ é NèÇcÊ¢ II,6,7 ÅŒª-’½ ¹-Ōթðx ²Ä«Ö-Êu-¬Ç-®¾Y¢-©ðE «%¹~, •¢ÅŒÕ NèÇc-¯Ã-EÂË
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®¾¢¦¢-Cµ¢-*Ê 10 “X¾¬Áo-©Õ¢-šÇªá. «%¹~ NèÇcÊ¢ ÊÕ¢* ‰Ÿ¿Õ, •¢ÅŒÕ (°«) NèÇcÊ¢ ÊÕ¢* ‰Ÿ¿Õ “X¾¬Áo©Õ ªÃ„íÍŒÕa. 7. ²Ä¢X¶ÏÕ-¹-¬Ç®¾Y¢:3,4,5 ÅŒª-’½ ¹-Ōթðx X¾J-®-ª¾ é NèÇcÊ¢ I,6,7 ÅŒª-’½ ¹-ŌթðxE ²Ä¢X¶ÏÕ¹ ¬Ç®¾Y¢ ‚ŸµÄ-ª½¢’à 20 “X¾¬Áo©Õ¢-šÇªá. ¨ “X¾¬Áo©ðx ÍŒJ“ÅŒ, ¦µ¼Ö’î@Á¢, ¤ùª½-¬Ç®¾Y¢, ƪ½n ¬Ç²ÄY©- Â¹× ®¾¢¦¢-Cµ¢-*Ê ‰Ÿä®Ï “X¾¬Áo©Õ …¢œ¿-«ÍŒÕa. “¤ÄŸ±-N¿ Õ¹ ¤Äª¸-¬½ Ç-©©ðx šÌÍ-ªŒ ½Õ’x à X¾E-Í-§ ä ŒÖ©E …¢ŸÄ? ƪáÅä œË.ƒœË “X¾„-¬ä Á-X-K¾ ¹~ 'œçšj ü-定üÑ ªÃ§ŒÕ¢œË. DE “X¾Â¹-{Ê „ç©Õ-«-œË¢C. ƒ¢{-Kt-œ-§ Ë ŒÕšü ¤Äå®j-ʄê½Ö, ¨ ¯ç©©ð ƒ¢{ªý X¾K-¹~Â¹× £¾É•-ª-«½ Û-ÅŒÕ-Êo-„ê½Õ Â¹ØœÄ ¨ X¾K¹~ ªÃ§ŒÕ-šÇ-EÂË Æª½Õ|©.ä
-Í-ŸŒ -„¿ Ã-Lq-Ê X¾-Ÿ-A¿l´ œçšj ü-定ü “XÏX-ê¾ ª-†¯¾ îx 骢œ¿Õ „çÕ{Õx¢-šÇªá. 1) NNŸµ¿ N¦µÇ-’Ã-©Â¹× ®¾«Õ-§ŒÖEo êšÇ-ªá¢-ÍœŒ ¿¢ 2) ¦µÇ«-Ê-©ÊÕ ÆŸµ¿u-§ŒÕÊ¢ Í䧌՜¿¢. «Öª½Õˆ© „çªá-˜°ä ‚ŸµÄ-ª½¢’à “X¾„-¬ä Á-X-K¾ -¹~-©ðE 7 N¦µÇ-’Ã-©Â¹× Æ¢Ÿ¿Õ-¦Ç-{Õ©ð …Êo ®¾«Õ-§ŒÖEo N¦µ¼->¢-ÍŒÕ-ÂíE, êšÇ-ªá¢-ÍŒÕ-Âî-„ÃL. Åç©Õ’¹Õ, ²Ä¢X¶ÏÕ¹ ¬Ç®¾Y¢, ’¹º-ÅË -¬Œ Ç-²ÄY©ðx ŠÂîˆ N¦µÇ-’Ã-EÂË 20 ¬ÇÅŒ¢ «¢ÅŒÕÊ „çáÅŒh¢ 60 ¬ÇÅŒ¢ ®¾«Õ§ŒÕ¢.* ‚¢’¹x¢, ¦µ÷A¹ ª½²Ä-§ŒÕÊ ¬Ç²ÄY©Õ, °«-¬Ç-²ÄY©Õ ŠÂíˆ-¹ˆ-šÂË Ë 10 ¬ÇÅŒ¢ «¢ÅŒÕÊ „çáÅŒh¢ 30 ¬ÇÅŒ¢ ®¾«Õ§ŒÕ¢.* >.éÂ., šÌ*¢’û ‚XÏ-{d Öu-œþ-©Â¹× 10 ¬ÇÅŒ¢ ®¾«Õ§ŒÕ¢.
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’¹º-ÅË -¬Œ Ç®¾Y ¤Äª¸½u-X¾Û-®¾h-ÂÃ-©ðxE ÆEo ®¾«Õ-®¾u-©ÊÖ «Õªî-²ÄJ ²ÄCµ¢-ÍÃL. „ÚËE ÆÅŒu¢ÅŒ „ä’¹¢’à ²ÄCµ¢Íä «Üu£¾Ç¢ ª½Ö¤ñ¢-C¢-ÍŒÕ-Âî-„ÃL. >.éÂ. Â¢ “X¾A-ªîW „êÃh-X-“¾ A-¹©Õ ÍŒŸ-„¿ ÃL. “X¾X¾¢-Í-„Œ Ãu-X¾h¢’à ’¹ÕJh¢X¾Û ¤ñ¢CÊ „êÃh¢-¬Ç-©ÊÕ ¯î{Õ X¾Û®¾h-¹¢©ð ªÃ®¾Õ-Âî-„ÃL. „ÚËE èÇcX¾ ¹¢ …¢ÍŒÕ-Âî-„ÃL. Åç©Õ’¹Õ, ‚¢’¹x¢, ¦µ÷A¹ ª½²Ä-§ŒÕÊ-¬Ç-²ÄY©Õ, °« ¬Ç²ÄY©Õ, ²Ä¢X¶ÏÕ¹ ¬Ç²ÄY© ¤Äª¸½u-X¾Û-®¾h-ÂÃ-©ÊÕ ‚«â-©Ç“’¹¢ ÍŒŸ-„¿ ÃL.
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X¾ª-ʸ½ ¢©ð ƪ½-„n çÕÊi ¦µÇ«Ê©ÊÖ ®¾Ÿ¿uÓ-®¾t%A (immediate memory) ©ð ¦µ¼“Ÿ¿-X-ª¾ -ͽ ÃL.* NNŸµ¿ ¦µÇ«-Ê-©ÊÕ „ç¢{-„ç¢-{¯ä ¯î{Õ X¾Û®¾h-Âéðx ªÃ®¾Õ-Âî-„ÃL. ƒ©Ç «âœ¿Õ ²Äª½Õx ÍŒC-NÅä ÆEo ¦µÇ«-Ê©Ö ÆDµ-Ê¢-©ðÂË «²Ähªá; ®¾t%A-X-Ÿ¾ ±¿¢©ð …¢œË, XÏLæ®h X¾©Õ-¹×-Åêá. Æ©Ç ÂÃE-X-¾ ¹~¢©ð «Õªî-²ÄJ ÍŒC-NÅä ®¾J-¤ò-ŌբC. “X¾„-¬ä Á-X-K¾ -¹~-©ðE “X¾¬Áo©ðx ‡Â¹×ˆ-«-¬ÇÅŒ¢ ‚§ŒÖ ¤Äª¸Ã© ÂË¢Ÿ¿ …Êo ƦµÇu-²Ä© ÊÕ¢Íä …¢šÇªá. ¨ ¦µÇ«Ê «ÕÊ ®¾Êo-Ÿ-Å¿l´ ÊŒ Õ «ÕJ¢ÅŒ ®¾Õ’¹«Õ¢ Í䮾Õh¢C. EKgÅŒ Âé-«u-«-Ÿµ¿Õ©ðx X¾ªÊ¸½ ¢, «ÕÊÊ¢, ƦµÇu®¾¢ Í䧌Õ{¢ ŸÄyªÃ “X¾„-¬ä ÁX¾-K-¹~©ð «Õ¢* ªÃu¢Â¹× ²ÄCµ¢-Í-«Œ ÍŒÕa. …¤Ä-ŸµÄu§ŒÕ P¹~-º©ð ®¾Õ©Õ-«Û’à “X¾„Pä ¢ÍŒ-«ÍŒÕa!
œçšj ü-定ü: «áÈu-„çÕÊi ÅäD©Õ: “X¾ŸµÄÊ ÅŒ¤Ä©Ç ÂêÃu-©-§ŒÖ©ðx, ¨Ð殄à ꢓŸÄ©ðx Ÿ¿ª‘½ Ç®¾Õh© N“¹§ŒÕ¢: \“XÏ©ü 15 «ª½Â¹Ø ¤ò®¾Õd ŸÄyªÃ Ÿ¿ª‘½ Ç®¾Õh© ®Ôy¹-ª-º½ Â¹× *«-J-ÅDä : \“XÏ©ü 20 “X¾„¬ä ÁXK¾ ¹~ ÅäD: „äÕ 24 „ç¦ü-å®jšü: www.dseap.gov.in
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«Õ¢* ¯î{Õq... «Öª½Õˆ© ’¹-E! ®¾ÅŒu ®¾y§ŒÕ¢’à ¯î{Õq ªÃ®¾Õ-¹×-¯-„ä ê½Õ …ÅŒh«Õ NŸÄuª½Õ©n Âî«-©ðÂË «²Ähª½Õ. Æ®¾©Õ ¯î{Õq èðLê ¤òE„ê½Õ ®¾’¹{Õ NŸÄuª½Õ©n E ƒ˜äd Ƣ͌¯ÃÂ¹× «Íça-§ŒÕu-«ÍŒÕa. ¯î{Õq ªÃ®¾Õ-¹×-¯-„ä Ã-J©ð Â¹ØœÄ 95 ¬ÇÅŒ¢ NŸÄuª½Õ©n Õ ¤ÄšË¢-ÍCä Ð ®¾¢“X¾-ŸÄ§ŒÕ ¦Ÿ¿-„l´ çÕÊi 'ME-§ŒÕªý ¯î{ÕqÑ. DE “X¾§çÖ-•-¯Ã©Õ X¾J-NÕÅŒ„äÕ!
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«ÕÊ «ÕÊ-®¾Õ©ð ‡¢Åî N®¾h%-Å-„Œ çÕÊi ®¾«Ö-Íê½¢ EÂË~-X¾h„çÕi …¢{Õ¢C. ÆC …Dl-Xʾ ¢ ¤ñ¢C „çLÂË ªÃ«-œÄ-EÂË “æXª½º ÂÄÃL. ŸÄEo ¹Lp¢Íä …X¾-¹-ª-º½ „äÕ ¯î{Õq. ‡«ªî ªÃ®ÏÊ ¯î{ÕqÂ¹× Æ©Ç¢šË “æXª½º …¢œ¿Ÿ¿Õ. ®¾y§ŒÕ¢’à ªÃ®¾Õ-¹×Êo ¯î{Õqê ‚ ¬ÁÂËh …¢{Õ¢C. ®¾y§ŒÕ¢’à ªÃ®¾Õ¹×Êo ¯î{Õq©ð «ÕÊ «á“Ÿ¿ …¢{Õ¢C. 'ŠJ->-¯Ã-LšÌÑ …¢{Õ¢C. ŠJ->-¯Ã-LšÌ …Êo •„Ã-¦Õ-©ê ‡Â¹×ˆ« «Öª½Õˆ©Õ «²Ähªá. Æ¢Åä Âù, N†¾§ŒÕ¢ X¾{x Æ«-’Ã-£¾ÇÊ åXª½-’Ã-©¯Ão, ÅäL’Ã_ N†¾§ŒÕ¢ ’¹Õª½Õh-åX-{Õd-Âî-„é¯Ão ‡«J ¯î{Õq „Ãêª ÅŒ§ŒÖ-ª½Õ-Í-®ä ¾Õ-Âî-„ÃL. «ÕÊ¢ ÅŒ§ŒÖª½Õ Í䮾Õ-Â¹×¯ä ¯î{Õq SMART’à …¢œÄL. EJl-†-„¾d çÕÊi (Specific) : N†¾§ŒÕ¢ EJl-†¾d¢’à …¢œÄL. Æ¢˜ä ¦µÇ„éðx ®¾p†¾Åd Œ …¢œÄL. œí¢Â¹ Aª½Õ-’¹Õœ¿Õ X¾EÂË ªÃŸ¿Õ. «uª½„n çÕÊi N†¾-§ŒÖ©Õ ©ä¹עœÄ N†¾§ŒÕ N«-ª-º½ ©ð ®¾ÖšË-ŸÊ¿ ¢ …¢œÄL.
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Æ¢Ÿ¿¢’à …¯Ãoªá ¹ŸÄ ÆE «ÕÊÂ¹× Æª½n¢ ÂÃE N†¾-§ŒÖ©Õ Æ¢Ÿ¿Õ©ð Í䪽a-¹Ø-œŸ¿ ¿Õ. „î¾h-«-„çÕÊi N†¾-§ŒÖ-©¯ä ªÃ®¾ÕÂî-„ÃL. ¹N-ÅÃ-ÅŒt-¹¢’à …¢œä X¾ª½Õ© ¦µÇ†¾©ð ¹¯Ão ®¾p†¾d¢’Ã, £¾Ý¢ŸÄ’à …¢œä ²ñ¢ÅŒ ¦µÇ†¾©ð ªÃ®¾Õ-¹ע-˜¯ä ä ¯î{Õq …X¾-§çÖ-’¹-¹ª½¢. ÂéX¾J-NÕA©ð (Time frame) Š-Ÿ’¿ ÃL: ¯î{Õq ÍÃ{ ¦µÇª½-ÅŒ¢©Ç …¢œ¿-¹Ø-œŸ¿ ¿Õ. Šœ¿Õf ¤ñœ¿-«ÛÅî ¤Ä{Õ ¯î{ÕqÂ¹× Âé Â (time dimension) …¢œÄL. ŠÂ¹ ˜ã„j þÕ “æX¶„þÕ©ð N†¾§ŒÕ¢ ƒNÕ-œ-¤Ë ò-„ÃL. Æ¢˜ä X¾C ENÕ-³Ä-©Âî, ƪ½-’n ¹¢-{Âî ®¾J-X-œ¾ ©ä Ç N†¾-§ŒÖEo ÅŒ§ŒÖ-ª½Õ-Í-®ä ¾Õ-Âî-„ÃL. ME-§ŒÕªý ¯î{Õq-¹עœä X¾J-NÕ-ÅŒÕ©Õ ÆCµ-’¹-NÕ¢* ‹ ͌¹ˆE ¯î{Õq NŸµÄÊ¢ …¢C. 40 \@Á} “ÂËÅ„Œ äÕ '„édªý ¤ÄÂúÑ Æ¯ä NŸÄu-„Åä Œh DEo ÅŒ§ŒÖ-ª½Õ-Í-¬ä Çœ¿Õ. NŸä-¬Ç©ðx N¬ì†¾ ‚Ÿ¿-ªº½ ¤ñ¢Ÿ¿Õ-ÅŒÕÊo ‚ ¯î{Õq NŸµÄÊ¢ \NÕšð, ŸÄEo ‡©Ç ÅŒ§ŒÖª½Õ Í䮾Õ-Âî-«Íîa «Íäa „ê½¢ ͌֟Äl¢! ME-§ŒÕªý ¯î{Õq (Linear Notes) ¯î{Õq «©x ‡Eo …X¾-§çÖ-’Ã-©Õ¯Ão „ÃšË ÊÕ¢* ‡Eo ®¾ÅŒp-L´ -ÅÃ©Õ «®¾Õh¯Ão ÍéÇ-«Õ¢C NŸÄu-ª½Õ©n Õ ²ñ¢ÅŒ¢’à ¯î{Õq ªÃ®¾Õ-ÂÕ. ªÃ®¾Õ-¹×-Êo-„Ã-J©ð Â¹ØœÄ 95 ¬ÇÅŒ¢ NŸÄu-ª½Õ-©n Â¹× ¯î{Õq ‡©Ç ÅŒ§ŒÖ-ª½Õ-Í-®ä ¾Õ-Âî-„éð ÅçL-§ŒÕ-Ÿ¿¢˜ä ÆA-¬Á-§çÖÂËh Âß¿Õ. „ê½¢Åà ®¾¢“X¾-ŸÄ§ŒÕ ¦Ÿ¿-„l´ çÕÊi ME-§ŒÕªý ¯î{Õq¯ä ÅŒ§ŒÖ-ª½Õ-Í-®ä ¾Õ-¹ע-šÇª½Õ. ‡œ¿«Õ ÊÕ¢* ¹לËÂË «ª½Õ-®©¾ ©ð (lines) , „ÃÂÃu© ª½ÖX¾¢’à …¢{Õ¢C ÂæšËd DEÂË linear notes ÆE æXª½Õ. ®¾«Õ§ŒÕ¢ ‚ŸÄ Æ«Û-ŌբŸÄ?: ME-§ŒÕªý ¯î{Õq „ÃÂÃu© ª½ÖX¾¢©ð …¢œ¿{¢ «©x Â̩¹ X¾ŸÄ-©Åî ¤Ä{Õ „ùuX¾Ü-ª-º½ Â¹× Æ«-®-ª¾ -«½ Õ§äÕu 80 ¬ÇÅŒ¢ «uª½-Xn -Ÿ¾ Ä©Õ ƒ¢Ÿ¿Õ©ð Íî{Õ Í䮾Õ-¹ע-šÇªá. Æ¢Ÿ¿Õ-«©x N©Õ-„Êçj ®¾«Õ§ŒÕ¢ «uª½-„n çÕ-¤i ò-ŌբC. ֮͌Ï-Ê¢-ůŒ ä ƪ½-«n Õ-«Û-ŌբŸÄ?: ME-§ŒÕªý ¯î{Õq æXªÃ-©Õ/-¤Ä-ªá¢{x ª½ÖX¾¢©ð …¢œ¿{¢ «©x „çáÅŒh¢ ÍŒCN-ůä ä ÂÃF Æ®¾©Õ N†¾§ŒÕ¢ ƪ½n¢ Âß¿Õ. ֮͌Ï-Ê¢-ůŒ ä N†¾§ŒÕ¢ ®¾Õp´J¢-ÍŸŒ ¿Õ. ÅŒš-©Ë -Åx ©Œ Ç «ÕÊ-®¾Õ©ð ÅŒ@ÁÙ-¹׈-«Õ-ÊŸ¿Õ. ’¹Õª½Õh-åX-{Õd-Âî-œÄ-EÂË O©-«Û-ŌբŸÄ?: NœË-N-œ’Ë Ã …¢œä X¾ŸÄ-©ÊÖ, „ÃÂÃu-©ÊÖ „çÕŸ¿œ¿Õ ’¹Õª½Õh-åX-{Õd-ÂÕ. ’¹Õª½Õh-åX-{ÕdÂî-„Ã-©¢˜ä èÇcX-¾ ¹-¬Á-ÂËhÂË Æ«-®-ª¾ -«½ Õ§äÕu ®¾Ö“ÅÃ©Õ ¯î{Õq©ð ƒNÕ-œ-«Ë Û¢-œÄL. ME-§ŒÕªý ¯î{Õq©ð ¨ èÇcX-¾ ¹-¬ÁÂËh ®¾Ö“ÅÃ-©Fo ƒNÕ-œ-«Ë Û¢-œ«¿ Û. ME-§ŒÕªý ¯î{Õq©ð ƒ©Ç¢šË X¾J-NÕ-ÅŒÕ-©¯ã îo …¯Ãoªá Âæ˜äd ŸÄEo ÆÊÕ-®-J¾ ¢-Í-„ä ê½Õ ÅŒ«ÕÂ¹× «Õ¢* èÇcX-¾ ¹-¬ÁÂËh
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ƒ©Çê’ …¢{Õ¢-ŸE¿ Ÿ¿%†Ï©d 𠅢͌Õ-ÂíE 骮¾Öu„çÕ ÅŒ§ŒÖª½Õ Í䮾Õ-Âî-„ÃL. Æ«-®-ª¾ -„½ çÕÅi ä ƒ¢Ÿ¿Õ©ð EX¾Û-ºÕ© ®¾£¾É§ŒÕ¢ B®¾Õ-Âî-«ÍŒÕa. * …Ÿîu’¹¢ Âî©ðp-ªáÊ N†¾-§ŒÖEo 骮¾Öu-„çÕ©ð “X¾²Äh-N¢-Í-« Œ Ÿ¿Õ.l ¹«ªý ©ã{-ªý©ð Â¹ØœÄ DE ’¹ÕJ¢* “X¾²Äh-«Ê ªÃF-§ŒÕ-«Ÿ¿Õ.l ¨ N†¾§ŒÕ¢ ÍŒJa¢-Í-œŒ Ä-EÂË ÅŒªÃyÅŒ OÕÂ¹× Æ«-ÂìÁ¢ ©Gµ-®¾Õh¢C. …Ÿîu’¹¢ Âî©ðp-ªáÊ N†¾-§ŒÖEo OÕ Æ¢ÅŒ{ OÕêª ¦§ŒÕ-{-åX-šÇd-LqÊ ‚«-¬Áu-¹Ō ©äŸ¿Õ, ÆœË-TÅä Ʀ-Ÿ-«¿l Ö-œÄ-LqÊ Æ«-®ª¾ ½¢ Â¹ØœÄ ©äŸ¿Õ!
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OšËE ’¹Õª½Õh¢-ÍŒÕ-ÂË! OÕª½Õ …Ÿîu’¹¢ Âî©ðp-§ŒÖ-ªÊ½ o „î¾h-„ÃEo Æ¢U-¹-J¢-ÍŒ¢œË. DEÂË ®¾¢¦¢-Cµ¢-*Ê ¦µÇ„î-Ÿäy-’Ã-©ÊÕ ¦§ŒÕ-{Â¹× ªÃF-§ŒÕ¢œË. * ’¹ÅŒ¢©ð X¾E-Í-® ä ÊÏ Â¹¢åX-F-©ÊÕ, ¦Ç®ý-©ÊÕ ®¾¢“X¾-C¢-ÍŒ¢œË. …Ÿîu’¹ “X¾§ŒÕ-ÅŒo¢©ð ÅŒ©Åã äh ʳÄdEo ÅŒT_¢-ÍŒÕÂî-«-œÄ-EÂË “X¾§ŒÕ-Ao¢-ÍŒ¢œË. * …Ÿîu-’¹-„-{ ä Â¹× Æ«-®-ª¾ -„½ çÕÊi „î¾h-N¹ “X¾ºÇ-R-¹ÊÕ ÅŒ§ŒÖ-ª½Õ-Í-®ä ¾Õ-ÂíE, ŸÄEÂË Â¹{Õd-¦œË “X¾§ŒÕ-ÅÃo©Õ “¤Äª½¢-Gµ¢-ÍŒ¢œË. * …Ÿîu’¹¢ Âî©ðp-ªá-Ê{Õx “X¾Íê½¢ Í䮾Õ-Âî-«Ÿ¿Õ,l N†¾§ŒÕ¢ ÅçL®Ï ‡«-骯 j à ƜË-TÅä Aª½-®ˆ¾ -J¢-ÍÊŒ Ö «Ÿ¿Õ.l * ƒ¢{-ª½Öyu-©©ð ¤ÄÅŒ ¹¢åXF ’¹ÕJ¢* Í眿Ւà «ÖšÇx-œ-« ¿ Ÿ¿Õ.l …Ÿîu’¹¢ Âî©ðp-«-œÄ-EÂË Âê½-ºÇ-©ÊÕ N«-J¢-Í-{ä -X¾Ûpœ¿Õ ƺ-¹׫, ²ÄÊÕ-¹ة Ÿµîª½ºË Æ«-®ª¾ ½¢. * …Ÿîu’¹¢ Âî©ðp-ªá-Ê¢-Ÿ¿ÕÂ¹× Â¹×{Õ¢¦¢ ÊÕ¢* èÇL, Ÿ¿§ŒÕ ‚P¢-Í-« Œ Ÿ¿Õ.l OÕ Æ¢ÅŒ{ OÕêª …ÅÃq-£¾Ç¢Åî «á¢Ÿ¿ÕÂ¹× „ç@Á-œx Ä-EÂË “X¾§ŒÕ-Ao¢-ÍŒ¢œË. * ƒ«Fo ¤ÄšËæ®h „ç¢{¯ä «Õªî …Ÿîu’¹¢ «®¾Õh¢-ŸE ¿ ÍçX¾p©- «ä á ÂÃF, ÂíÅŒh …Ÿîu’¹ “X¾§ŒÕ-ÅŒo¢©ð NÕ«ÕtLo OÕª½Õ ®¾éªÊj KA©ð «uÂÌh-¹-J¢-ÍŒÕ-Âî-«-œÄ-EÂË ¨ ®¾ÖÍŒ-Ê©Õ ÅŒX¾p-¹עœÄ …X¾-§çÖ-’¹-X-œ¾ -Å¿ êá.
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ƪ½|ÅŒ X¾K-¹~©ð ¹F®¾¢ 55 ¬ÇÅŒ¢ «Öª½Õˆ©Õ Æ«-®ª¾ ½¢. ¯çXj ª¾ ý ÂÕq©ðx “X¾„¬ä Á¢ ¤ñ¢Ÿ¿-œÄ-EÂË ê’šü ©äŸÄ §Œâ°-®ÐÔ -®-‡Ô -®ý-‰-‚ªý ¯çšü©ð …Bh-ªÅ½g Œ ²ÄCµ¢-ÍœŒ ¿¢ Æ«-®ª¾ ½¢. ¨ ®¾¢®¾-©n ðxE ®¾’¹¢ ®Ô{Õx “X¾¦µ¼ÕÅŒy ª½¢’¹ ®¾¢®¾©n ðx X¾E-Íæä ® „ÃJ Â¢ êšÇ-ªá-²Ähª½Õ. ‚§ŒÖ ®¾¢®¾©n ðx ¹F®¾¢ 骢œä@ÁÙx ÆÊÕ-¦µ¼«¢ …Êo-„ê½Õ Ÿ¿ª-‘½ Ç®¾Õh Í䮾Õ-Âî-«ÍŒÕa. * ‡¢H\ ÂÕq©ð “X¾„-¬ä Ç-EÂË ªÃÅŒ-X-K¾ -¹~-Åî-¤Ä{Õ “’¹ÖXý œË®¾ˆ-†¯ ¾ þ, ƒ¢{-ª½Öyu©Õ Â¹ØœÄ Eª½y-£ÏÇ-²Ähª½Õ. * Ÿ¿ª-‘ ½ Ç®¾Õh© èÇK: «ÖJa 16 ÊÕ¢* * Ÿ¿ª-‘ ½ Ç-®¾Õh©Õ ©Gµ¢Íä NŸµÄÊ¢, ƒÅŒª½ N«-ªÃ-©Â¹× www.niper.gov.in „ç¦ü-å®jšü ͌֜¿-’¹-©ª½Õ. * X¾ÜJh-Í-® ä ÊÏ Ÿ¿ª-‘½ Ç-®¾Õh©Õ Íäª-œ½ Ä-EÂË *«-J-ÅDä : 27 \“XÏ©ü, 2009-. *
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H«Ö ª½¢’¹¢©ð ƒ¢{-ªýo-†XÏ ý «ÖuÂúq ÊÖu§ŒÖªýˆ ©ãXj ¶ý ƒÊÖq-骯þq ®¾¢®¾n Ÿä¬Á-„Ãu-X¾h¢’à X¾C „ä© «Õ¢C NŸÄu-ª½Õ-©n Â¹× ƒ¢{-ªýo-†XÏ ý Æ«-ÂìÁ¢ ¹Lp¢-Í-ÊŒ Õ¢C. DE-Â¢ '²Ätªýd «â„þÑ æXª½ÕÅî “X¾Åäu¹ Âê½u-“¹«Õ¢ “¤Äª½¢-Gµ¢-*¢C. ÍŒŸ¿Õ-«Û-¹ע-{Ö¯ä ¨ ƒ¢{-ªýo-†XÏ ý Í䧌Õ-œÄ-EÂË O©-«Û-ŌբC. ¨ ®¾«Õ-§ŒÕ¢©ð ®¾ªd á-åX¢œþ ƒ²Ähª½Õ. ƒ¢C-ªÃ-’âDµ èÇB§ŒÕ ²Äª½y-“A¹ N¬Áy-N-ŸÄu-©§ŒÕ¢ (ƒ’îo) ®¾£¾Ç-ÂÃ-ª½¢Åî «ÖuÂúq ÊÖu§ŒÖªýˆ ©ãXj ¶ý ¨ ƒ¢{-ªýo-†-XÏ ý©Õ Æ¢C¢-Í-ÊŒ Õ¢C. ƒšÌ-«L Â颩ð «ÕÊ-Ÿ-¬ä Á¢©ð ƒÊÖq-骯þq ª½¢’¹¢ ¦Ç’à N®¾h-J-²òh¢C. DE-«©x ¨ ª½¢’¹¢©ð EX¾Û-ºÕ-©Êãj «ÖÊ« «Ê-ª½Õ© Âíª½ÅŒ \ª½p-œ¿Õ-Åî¢C. ÍŒŸ¿Õ-«Û-¹ע-šðÊo ®¾«Õ-§ŒÕ¢-©ð¯ä NŸÄu-ª½Õ-©n Â¹× ‚ÍŒ-ª-º½ Ç-ÅŒt¹ Ÿ¿%¹p-Ÿ±¿¢Åî, “X¾Åäu¹ P¹~º ƒ«yœ¿¢ ŸÄyªÃ ¨ ª½¢’¹¢ „çXj ¾Û NŸÄu-ª½Õ-©n ÊÕ ‚¹-J¥¢Í- -œŒ Ä-EÂË ƒ©Ç¢šË ƒ¢{-ªýo-†XÏ ý “¤ò“’Ã-„þÕ©Õ …X¾-§çÖ’¹-X-œ¾ -Å¿ êá. ÅŒŸÄyªÃ «ÕJ¢-Å-«Œ Õ¢C ƒÊÖq-骯þq éÂJ-§ŒÕªý ‡¢ÍŒÕ-¹ׯä O©Õ¢-{Õ¢C. ²Ätªýd «â„þ Âê½u-“¹«Õ¢ Â¢ «ÖuÂúq ÊÖu§ŒÖªýˆ ®¾¢®¾n Ÿä¬Á-„Ãu-X¾h¢’à Ưä¹ NŸÄu-®¾¢-®-©¾n Åî ŠX¾p¢Ÿ¿¢ ¹ן¿Õ-ª½Õa-Âî-ÊÕ¢C. ¨ ƒ¢{-ªýo-†XÏ ý ŸÄyªÃ ƒÊÖq-骯þq ª½¢’¹¢åXj Æ«-’Ã-£¾Ç-Ê-Åî-¤Ä{Õ ¦µ¼N-†¾uÅŒÕh éÂJ-§ŒÕ-ªýÂ¹× ’¹šËd X¾Û¯Ã-CE \ª½p-ª-ͽ ŒÕÂî-«ÍŒÕa. ƒÊÖq-骯þq ª½¢’Ã-EÂË ®¾¢¦¢-Cµ¢-*Ê “X¾Åäu¹ Æ¢¬Ç©ðx Æ«-’Ã-£¾ÇÊ åX¢¤ñ¢-C¢-ÍŒÕ-Âî-«ÍŒÕa. ¨ ƒ¢{-ªýo-†-XÏ ý©ð ¤Ä©ï_¯ä Ʀµ¼u-ª½Õ-©n Â¹× «âœ¿Õ ªîV-©-¤Ä{Õ ƒÊÖq-骯þq ª½¢’¹¢-©ðE “¤ÄŸ±-N¿ Õ¹ Æ¢¬Ç©ðx ƒ’îo P¹~º ƒ®¾Õh¢C. E§ŒÖ-«Õ¹ X¾Ÿ-Å¿l´ ŒÕ-©åXj Â¹ØœÄ Æ«-’Ã-£¾ÇÊ Â¹Lp-®¾Õh¢C. ¨ P¹~º ¦µ¼N-†¾uÅŒÕh éÂJ-§ŒÕ-ªýÂ¹× Â¹ØœÄ ¦Ç’à …X¾-§çÖ-’¹-X-œ¾ ¿Õ-ŌբC. * P¹~º ÅŒªÃyÅŒ ƒ¢{-ªýo©Õ... \è㢚ü Æœ¿y-ªá-•-ªÊ ½x Õ E§ŒÕ-NÕ¢-Í-«Œ ÍŒÕa. ƒ©Ç ‡Â¹×ˆ-«-«Õ¢C \è㢚ü Æœ¿y-ªá-•-ªÊ½x Õ ‚¹-J¥¢-Í-’Œ ¹-L-TÅä éÂJ-§ŒÕ-ªý©ð ‡Ÿ¿Õ-’¹Õ-Ÿ©¿ …¢{Õ¢C. * «á’¹Õ-J_ -¹¢˜ä ‡Â¹×ˆ-«-«Õ¢C \•¢šü Æœ¿y-ªá-•-ªÊ ½x Õ E§ŒÕ-NÕ¢-*Ê ƒ¢{-ªýo-©Â¹× “XÔÐæXx-®ý-„çÕ¢šü ƒ¢{ª½Öyu Æ«-ÂìÁ¢ ¹Lp-²Ähª½Õ. ƒ¢Ÿ¿Õ©ð …Bh-ª½Õ-©g Åãj ä «ÖuÂúq ÊÖu§ŒÖªýˆ ©ãXj ¶ý©ð …Ÿîu’¹ Æ«-ÂìÁ¢ ©Gµ¢-*-ʘä!d *
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-Æ-Ÿ-Ê¿ X¾Û ²Ä«Õ-ªÃnu-©-Åî-¯ä ƒ¢>-F-ªÂ½x ¹× -¦µ¼-N-†¾u-ÅŒÕh! Æ®¾©ä …Ÿîu-’é Âíª½Å.Œ .. Æ¢Ÿ¿Õ-©ðÊÖ ‚Jn¹ «Ö¢Ÿ¿u¢... ÆFo ¹L®Ï …Ÿîu-’Ã-ª½Õ-©n Â¹× ÂíÅŒh ®¾„Ã-@ÁÊx Õ N®¾Õ-ª½Õ-ÅŒÕ-¯Ãoªá. «áÈu¢’à ƒ¢>-F-J¢’û ª½¢’¹¢©ð ’¹ÅŒ¢©ð ¹¢˜ä Æ«-ÂÃ-¬Ç©Õ ¦Ç’à ŌT-¤_ ò-ÅŒÕ-¯Ãoªá. ®¾OÕX¾ ¦µ¼N-†¾u-ÅŒÕh©ð ƒ¢>-F-J¢’û Ʀµ¼u-ª½Õ-©n Â¹× Æ«-ÂÃ-¬Ç©Õ „çÕª½Õ-é’¯j Ã, ÆÅŒÕu-ÊoÅŒ ²Ä«Õ-ªÃnu©Õ, ¯çXj ¾Ûºu¢ …Êo „Ãêª „ÚËE Íä>-Âˈ¢-ÍŒÕ-Âî-’¹-©ª½Õ.
X¾J-“¬Á-«Õ© EX¾Û-ºÕ© Ƣ͌¯Ã “X¾Âê½¢ ƒ¢>-F-J¢’û ª½¢’¹¢©ð «Íäa \œÄC …Ÿîu’¹ Æ«-ÂÃ-¬Ç© X¾J-®AÏn Âí¢ÅŒ „çÕª½Õ-’¹§äÕu Æ«-ÂìÁ¢ …¢C. ƪáÅä …Ÿîu-’Ã©Õ ‚P¢Íä Ʀµ¼u-ª½Õ©n Õ «Ö“ÅŒ¢ ²Ä«Õ-ªÃnu© X¾ª½¢’à ®¾„Ã-@ÁÊx Õ ‡Ÿ¿Õ-ªîˆÂ¹ ÅŒX¾pŸ¿Õ. ®¾¦ãb¹×d X¾J-èÇcÊ¢, ²ÄX¶ý-®d ψ-©üqÅî-¤Ä{Õ ƒ¢Âà Ưä¹ ÂíÅŒh ¯çXj ¾Û-ºÇu-©ÊÕ ¯äª½Õa-¹×Êo „ÃJê ƫ-ÂÃ-¬Ç©Õ ÅŒ©ÕX¾Û ÅŒœ-Å¿ êá.
ʆ¾-¦d µ¼§ŒÕ¢ ÅŒT_¢-ÍœŒ ¿¢! “X¾®¾ÕhÅŒ¢ ƒ¢>-F-J¢’û 殫©ðx “¤Äèã-¹שd X¾J-«Öº¢ åXª½Õ-’¹Õ-Åî¢C. ‚šð-„äÕ-†¯¾ þ ‡Â¹×ˆ-«-«Û-Åî¢C. ¨ X¾J-ºÇ-«Ö© «©x “¤Äèã-¹שd ð ʆ¾-¦d µ¼§ŒÕ¢ (J®ýˆ) Â¹ØœÄ ÆCµ-¹-«Õ-«Û-Åî¢C. ƒ©Ç¢šË X¾J-®-ÅÏn ŒÕ©ðx ʆ¾-¦d µ¼-§ŒÖEo ÅŒT_¢-Í-œŒ Ä-EÂË Æ«-®-ª¾ -„½ çÕÊi „çÕ©-¹×-«©Õ ¯äª½Õa-Âî-«œ¿¢ …Ÿîu-’Ã-ª½Õ-©n Â¹× ÅŒX¾p-E-®J¾ . *ª½¢’ÃEo
¦šËd “¤Äèã¹×d „äÕ¯ä-èü-„çÕ¢-šü-Åî-¤Ä{Õ Â¹¯þ-®Â¾Z- ¹¯¥ þ „äÕ¯ä-èü-„çÕ¢šü, “¤ò“’ÄþÕ „äÕ¯ä-èü-„çÕ¢šü ¯çXj ¾Û-ºÇu©Õ Æ«-®-ª¾ -«½ Õ-«Û-Åêá. * “¤Äèã-¹×Âd ¹× ÅŒT-Ê-K-A©ð “X¾ºÇ-R¹ ª½Ö¤ñ¢-C¢-Íœ Œ ¿¢, ¦œçšb- Ë¢’û «u«-£¾É-ªÃ-©ÊÕ ÍŒÂ¹ˆ-¦-{ã œd ¿¢, “¤Äèã-¹שd Eª½y-£¾Ç-º©ð «²òhÊo ÅÃèÇ X¾J-ºÇ-«Ö-©Â¹× „ç¢{¯ä ®¾p¢C¢-ÍœŒ ¿¢, ÅŒC-ŪŒ ½ ²Ä«Õ-ªÃnu©Õ ¦µ¼N-†¾u-ÅŒÕh©ð ÂÌ©-¹¢’à «Öª½-ÊÕ-¯Ãoªá.
ƒ¢>-F-ªÂ½x ¹× ÆŸ¿-ÊX¾Û ¯çXj ¾Û-ºÇu©Õ «Öª½Õp-ÊÂ¹× ‡©x-X¾Ûpœ¿Ö ®¾¢®Ï-ŸÅ¿l´ ,Œ „Ãu¤Äª½ Ÿ¿%¹pŸ±¿¢, «Üu£¾É-ÅŒt¹ ‚©ð-Í-ÊŒ ©Õ, Šê X¾E ÂùעœÄ «ÕJEo ¦ÇŸµ¿u-Å©Œ Õ ÍäX-{¾ -œd Ä-EÂË ®ÏŸ¿l´¢’à …¢œ¿{¢... Ʀµ¼u-ª½Õ©n ðx ƒ©Ç¢šË ©Â¹~-ºÇ-©åXj ¹¢åX-F©Õ ÆCµ-¹¢’à Ÿ¿%†Ï-åd X-{Ê-d Õ-¯Ãoªá. ƒ¢>-Fª½Õx åX¶¯j ïþq, ®Ï®„¾d þÕq Æ¢¬Ç©ðx X¾J-èÇcÊ¢ åX¢¤ñ¢-C¢-ÍŒÕ-Âî-«œ¿¢ ÍÃ©Ç «áÈu¢. ƒ¢>-Fª½Õx Â¹ØœÄ šÇ©ã¢šü „äÕ¯ä-èü-„çÕ¢šü, é’œj þ Í䧌՜¿¢, X¾E-Bª½Õ „çÕª½Õ-’¹Õ-X-ª¾ -ͽ -œŒ Ä-EÂË ®¾ÖÍŒ-Ê©Õ ƒ«yœ¿¢ ©Ç¢šË ²Ä«Õ-ªÃnu-©ÊÕ Æ¢C-X¾Û-ÍŒÕa-Âî-„ÃL. * Eêª-Pl ¢-*Ê X¾E©ð ¯çX j ¾Û-ºu¢-Åî-¤Ä{Õ ²ÄŸµÄ-ªº½ ‚X¾-êª-†-ʾ ©ü, „äÕ¯ä-èü-„çÕ¢šü «u«-£¾É-ªÃ-©ÊÕ Â¹ØœÄ ÍŒÂ¹ˆ-¦-{ã -d ’¹-©-’ÃL. * *
“¤Äèã-¹×Âd ¹× ÆÊÕ-’¹Õ-º¢’Ã...
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…Ÿîu-’Ã-ª½Õ-©n -Åî-¤Ä{Õ “X¾®¾ÕhÅŒ …Ÿîu-’¹Õ©Õ Â¹ØœÄ “¤Äèã¹×d Æ«-®-ª¾ Ã-©ÊÕ Ÿ¿%†Ï©d 𠅢͌Õ-ÂíE «Öª½Õp-©Â¹× ®ÏŸ¿l´¢’à …¢œÄL. *ƢŌ-ªÃbB - -§ŒÕ¢’à «²òhÊo “X¾«Ö-ºÇ-©ÊÕ X¾J-Q-L®¾Öh, ÆÅŒÕu-ÅŒh«Õ X¾E X¾Ÿ-Å¿l´ ŒÕ-©ÊÕ ‚ÍŒ-J¢-ÍÃL. ¯çšü-«-Jˆ¢’û, Ê«uÅŒy¢, ‚ÍŒ-ªº½ ²Ä«Õ-ªÃnu©Õ ®¾OÕX¾ ¦µ¼N-†¾u-ÅŒÕh©ð ÍÃ©Ç ÂÌ©-¹¢’à «Öª½-ÊÕ-¯Ãoªá. * ÆEo ª½¢’Ã-©ðxÊÖ Â¹¢åX-F© ²Ä«Õª½nu¢, …ÅÃp-ŸÂ¿ ¹ ²Änªá åXª½Õ-’¹Õ-Åî¢C. DEÂË ÆÊÕ-’¹Õ-º¢’à Ʀµ¼u-ª½Õ© n ²Ä«Õ-ªÃnu©-Åî-¤Ä{Õ «ÖÊ-®ÂÏ ¹ ®¾¢®Ï-Ÿ-Å¿l´ ©Œ ð Â¹ØœÄ «Öª½Õp Æ«-®ª¾ ½¢. “¤Äèã-¹×Âd ¹× „ç*a¢Íä Ȫ½Õa-©ÊÕ X¾ª½u-„-Âä Ë~¢-Í-œŒ ¿¢©ð ÂíÅŒh X¾Ÿ-Å¿l´ ŒÕ-©ÊÕ Â¹ÊÕ-Âîˆ-«œ¿¢, «u§ŒÖEo ÅŒT_¢-Í-œŒ Ä-EÂË Eª½¢-ŪŒ ½¢ “X¾§ŒÕ-Ao¢-ÍœŒ ¿¢ ƒ¢>-F-ªÂ½x ¹× ÂÌ©-¹¢’à «Öª½-ÊÕ-¯Ãoªá.
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Test Your Proficiency
He was devoted to Peace
¦µÇ†¾ÊÕ …X¾-§çÖT¢Íä “Â¹«Õ¢©ð ¤ñª½¤Ä{Õx Ÿíª½{x ¢ ®¾£¾Ç•¢. „ÚËE ’¹«Õ-E¢* ®¾J-CŸ¿ÕÂl î«-šÇ-EÂË “X¾§ŒÕAo¢ÍŒ{¢ NŸÄuª½Õ©n ¹ª½h«u¢. OÕ ¦µÇ³Ä X¾J-èÇcÊ¢ \ ²Änªá©ð …¢Ÿî Åç©Õ-®¾Õ-Âî-„Ã-©¢˜ä ÂË¢Ÿ¿ ƒ*aÊ ÂËyèü X¾ÜJh Í䧌բœË. Choose the correct setences: 01) A. I did not know he has used the book B. I did not know that he had used the book C. I did not know that he has used the book D. I did not know that he uses the book
02) A. Kumar gave Karuna all the books that he had B. Kumar gave Karuna all the books what he had C. Kumar gave Karuna all the books which he had D. Kumar gave what all the books he had to Karuna
3) A. Hemanth told that Hari earned all his money by cheating B. Hemanth informed that Hari earned all his money by cheating C. Hemanth said everyone that Hari earned all his money by cheating D. Hemanth said that Hari earned all his money by cheating
04) A. I offered him a good sum but he will not take it B. I gave him a good amount of money but he will not take it C. I offered him a good sum of money but he would not take it D. I offer him a good sum of money but he would not take it
05) A. Gandhi was devoted to peace and non-violence
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B. Gandhi was devoted himself to peace and non-violence C. Gandhi devoted to peace and non-violence D. Gandhi dedicated to peace and non-violence
Choose the group of words that fill the following sentences: 06)If you are ardent about something, you are A. good at doing it B. not interested in it C. afraid of it D. very enthusiastic about and interested in it
07) If a person is ailing they are A. very healthy B. very happy C. sick D. unjust
08) Your attempts are futile if A. they are unsuccessful B. they are successful C. you win D. don't try at all
09) When a person can cope with something, they A. cannot manage it B. can handle it C. can understand it D. can explain it
10) If you live in a temperate zone A. you feel neither very hot nor very cold B. you feel very hot and very cold C. You feel totally cold D. you feel totally hot
\C ‡¢Ÿ¿ÕÂ¹× ®¾éª-Êj C? 01.
Answer B. Setence©ð Main clause, 'I did not know'©ð verb, did know (knew), past tence. Æ¢Ÿ¿Õ-¹E subordinate clause (that) he has used the book, ©ðE has used, present tense©ð …¢C. Generally if the verb in the main clause is in the past tense, The verb in the subordinate clause Â¹ØœÄ past tense©ð …¢œÄL. ÂæšËd A and D, wrong. Æ¢Ÿ¿Õ-¹¯ä D ¹؜Ä
ÅŒX¾Ûp. 02. Answer A. Sentence ƪ½n¢Ð Kumar ÅŒÊ-¹×Êo
X¾Û®¾h-ÂÃ-©-Eo-šFË (\ X¾Û®¾hÂÃ-©-ªáÅä ÅŒÊ Ÿ¿’¹ª_ ½ …¯Ão§çÖ, ÆEo-šFË ) ¹ª½Õ-º-Â-ÍË Ãaœ¿Õ. 'ÅŒÊ Ÿ¿’¹J_ X¾Û®¾hÂéÕÑ Æ¯ä ƪ½n¢. The books what he had (B) 'What all the books he had (D) - ƒÂ¹ˆœ¿ what „Ãœ¿Â¹¢ ®¾J-Âß¿Õ. All the books which he had (C) Âí¢ÅŒ X¶ª¾ Ãy-©Ÿ ä ¿Õ. ÂÃF ÆEo-š-ÂË ¹¢˜ä ®¾éª-Êj CÐ A. 03. Answer D. Tell (Past Tense and Past participle told) Æ¢˜ä ÍçX¾p{¢. ƪáÅä say©Ç ÂùעœÄ, tell ÅŒªÃyÅŒ „ç¢{¯ä ‡«-JÅî ÍçXÏp¢D Åç©-¤ÄL. (tell me/her/him/somebody etc.) Inform (®¾«Ö-Íê½¢ Åç©p{¢) Â¹ØœÄ Æ¢Åä. Æ¢Ÿ¿Õ-¹E A & B wrong. Say (P.T. - and PP said) ÅŒªÃyÅŒ to ¹*aÅŒ¢’à ªÃ„ÃL, ‡«-JÅî Íç¤Äp-ªE½ ÅçL-æX-«á¢Ÿ¿Õ. So, C is wrong.
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04. Answer C. ¯äÊ-Å-E Œ ÂË ¦Ç’à ‡Â¹×ˆ« œ¿¦äs ƒÍÃaÊÕ’ÃF, ÆÅŒÊÕ B®¾Õ-Âî-©Ÿä ¿Õ/ B®¾Õ-¹×-¯ä¢Ÿ¿ÕÂ¹× ƒ†¾-Xd -œ¾ -©¿ Ÿä ¿Õ ÆE sentence ƪ½n¢. ƪáÅä ƒÂ¹ˆœ¿ main cluase verb ''offered' past tense. Æ¢Ÿ¿Õ-¹E subordinate clause©ð would ªÃ„ÃL. will ªÃŸ¿Õ. Æ¢Ÿ¿Õ-¹E A and B wrong. I offer him ÆE «á¢Ÿ¿Õ «*a-Ê-X¾Ûpœ¿Õ, 骢œî clause©ð will ªÃ„ÃL, would ªÃŸ¿Õ. So D is wrong.
05. Answer A ƪ½n¢Ð ’âDµ X¾ÜJh’à ¬Ç¢A, Æ£ÏÇ¢-®-© ¾ Â¹× Æ¢ÂË-Å-„Œ çÕ-¤i ò-§ŒÖœ¿Õ. B is wrong because, Gandhi devoted himself/Gandhi was devoted Æ¢šÇ¢. ÂæšËd B and C wrong. D©ð dedicated Â¹ØœÄ devoted ©Ç’Ã¯ä „ÃœÄh¢. was dedicated/ dedicated himself Æ¢šÇ¢. Æ¢Ÿ¿Õ-¹E D, wrong. 06. Answer D (Ardent = ‚wªÅ ½l ,Œ …ÅÃq£¾Ç¢ ÍŒÖXÏ¢-ÍœŒ ¿¢) A = ŠÂ¹ X¾E ¦Ç’à Í䧌Õ-’¹-©{_ ¢. 07. Answer C. Ailing = •¦Õs’à …¢œ¿{¢. D= ƯÃu-§ŒÕ-„çÕÊ i 08. Answer A= Futile = useless- Eª½Õ-X-§ ¾ çÖ-’¹-„çÕÊi = ®¾X©¶¾ ¢ ÂÃE 09. Answer B= Cope with = ÅŒ{Õd-Âî-«{¢/ «ÕÊ ÆŸ¿Õ-X¾Û©ð …¢ÍŒÕ-Âî-’¹-©{ _ ¢ 10. Answer A = ®¾«Õ-Q-Åg (‡¢œ¿, ÍŒL ®¾«Õ¢’à …¢œä ¦µ¼ÖNÕ OÕC “¤Ä¢ÅéÕ) «Õ¢œ¿-©Ç©Õ.
Ð ‡¢. ®¾Õêª-¬Á¯þ KEY 01. B 02. A 03. D 04. C 05. A 06. D 07. C 08. A 09. B 10. A
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