2009_02febmyanmarpp

taxmuftuljyK-vpOfxkwfpmapmif twJG (11)? trSwf(2)? toif;awmftwGif;uefUowfxkwfa0onf/ azazmf0g&Dv? 2009ckESpf/

,aeY acwfumvBuD;ukd vl½IaxmifhtjrifrS Munfhygaomf u@pHkrS wdk;wufvsuf&Sdonf [k qdEk ikd yf gonf/ ZD0aA'u@ü jzpf ap? "mwkaA'u@üjzpfap? wdk; wufaeonf[k taumif;bufu ½IjrifEdkifygonf/ odkYaomf tjcm; wzufukd qifjcifMunfyh gu ,aeY rsufarSmufumvü ,cifu r Mum;bl;aomxl;jcm;qef;jym;onfh a&m*gtrsdK;rsdK;udk Mum;aeMu& onf/ a&m*gtrsKd;rsKd; jzpfay:ae aomfvnf; aq;odyÜHu@ü wdk; wufvmojzifh a&m*gtawmfrsm; rsm;udk tcsdefrSDod&SdNyD; ukorIcH,l ygu aysmufuif;Edik Mf uonf/ a&m *gaysmufEdkifaom aq;ay:vmí 0rf;omp&mjzpfaomfvnf; uko p&dwu f ode;f aygif;rsm;pGm ukeu f s ojzifh aq;½Sí d a&m*gaysmufuif; EdkifcGifh½Sdygvsuf aiGr½Sdí rukEdkif aomtjzpfaMumifh pdwEf v S ;kH üaom uzd p D ; rI j zpf M u&onf r S m vnf ; opömESifhwGJzufaeaom trSefw &m;\jzpftifaywnf;/ arwÅmu a&m*gjzpfaeoludk oem;aomf vnf; opömu owfrSwfukefus rnfh aiGodef;aygif;rsm;pGm rwwf Edik v f Qif rukay;Edik /f trSew f &m;u

aumif;wvSnhf qd;k wpfcgjzpfonf/ xm0&bk&m;ürlum; rwwfEdkif aomt&m wpfpHkwpfckrS r½Sdyg/ rnf r Qqd k ; onf h a&m*ga0'em? jyóemcJ,Of;jcif;jzpfap ,HMk unf jcif;jzifh ukd,fawmfxH wdk;0ifygu tHhMobG,foufaoukd cHpm;Edkifyg

aemifwESifh jyefvmMuzdkY&ef

onf/ trSefw&m;u opömESifh aus;Zl;jyKvydk gvsuf rwwfEidk v f Qif uREyfk w f Ykd arwåmawmf&iS f bk&m;o cifbuf vSnfhMuzdkYvkdygonf/ xkd odv Yk n S Mhf uygu aiGoed ;f aygif;rsm; pGm ukefp&mrvkdyJ a&m*gaysmuf cGifh &EddkifMuygonf/

cdk; aiGYu vlYtwGuf raumif;yg/ jrefrmEdik if w H iG rf u l m; npfnL;aom avxkukd oefYapEdkifrnfhtyifrsm; &Sdaeao;aomfvnf; pufrIrsm; xGe;f um;aeaom Edik if ½H rHk sm;ü puf ½krH sm;rS rD;cd;k aiGUrsm;udk jyefí obm 0tavsmuf oefYapEdkifrnfhtyif rsm; r&SMd uawmh/ xdjk zpftifudk rnf olzefwD;ygoenf;/ vlom;rsm;

urÇmBu;D wpfcv k ;kH ü ,aeY ,mOfEiS hf puf½rkH sm;twGuf vdt k yf aomavmifpmqDtwGuf pdwyf al e Muonf/ um;u oufawmifo h uf om&SdzkdY vlukd tusKd;jyKaomfvnf; um;armif;&mrS xGufvmaom rD;

uyif zefwD;aeMuonf/ vlom; rsm;twGuf aumif;usKd;jzpfzkdY zef wD;wDxiG f ae&mrS wpfzufu qd;k usKd;u yGm;vsuf&Sdonf/ þt&m um; rdrw d Ykd jyKMuonfu h ?H uH\t usK;d uGi;f qufyif jzpfayonf/ uH w&m;t& tqdk;jzpfEdkifrnfhjzpf tifjrifygu bk&m;bufukd ul; vdkufyg/ bk&m;ocifonf t&m cyford ;f ukd odaom? wwfEidk af om oAÁñw k OmPfawmf&iS f jzpfonf/ ocifa,½Ionf bk&m;pifppfjzpf aomfvnf; vlYtaoG;tom; Zm wdobm0ukd cH,lvsuf avmu okdY
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ukd olx Y u dk Ef iS hf olu Y [ H q k í dk vspf vsL½IEdkifaomfvnf; arwåmawmf &Sifu vspfvsL r½IEkdifyg/ urÇm avmuBu;D ü bmomw&m;rsm;pGm xGe;f um;vsuf &Sad omfvnf; bm omw&m;u opömw&m;ESifh wGJ zufaeonfjzpfygí rdrdvkyfo avmufom tusK;d cHpm;&rnfjzpf ygonf/ arwåmw&m;rlum; rSm; rSef;odvsuf qufrSm;aeaomol ukd rulnED idk af omfvnf; trSm;ukd odNyD; aemifwESifhwkd;0ifvmolukd aus;Zl;jyKrpEkid yf gonf/ ]]xdktcg Oyrm pum; uk d rd e f Y a wmf r l o nf u m; oif wdkYwGif wpfpkHwpfa,mufaom ol ü ok d ; wpf & m&S d í ok d ; wpf aumif a ysmuf v Qif uk d ; q,f h ukd;aumifaom okd;wkdYukdawm wG i f x m;cJ h N yD ; rS aysmuf a om ok d ; wpf a umif u k d rawG U rD w k d i f atmif oG m ;ír&S m bJ aernf avm/}} (vkum 15;3-5) tcGecf o H El iS hf qk;d aomol taygif ; onf ocif a ,½I \ p um;awmfukd em;axmifzkdY&ef t xHawmfoYdk csO;f uyfaomtcg zm &d&SJESifh usrf;jyKq&mwdkYu ukd,f awmfonf qd;k aomolwEYkd iS hf twl pm;onf[k uJ&h UJ vQif uk, d af wmf u Oyrmpum;tm;jzifh rdeaYf wmfrl ygonf/ okd;xdef;wpfa,mufü od k ; wpf & m&S d í ok d ; wpf a umif aysmufaecsdefwGif okd;xdef;onf ukd;q,fhukd;aumifaomodk;wdkYukd awmwGif xm;cJNh y;D rSaysmufaom odk;ukd oGm;íawGUatmif &Smyg onf/ þonfrmS ok;d xde;f aumif; wdkY\ pdwfoabm jzpfygonf/ aysmufaomok;d ukd awGUvQif 0rf; ajrmufaompdwfESifh ykcHk;ay:rSm wifí 0rf;ajrmufaompdwEf iS hf jyef

vmNy;D ? tdref ;D em;jcif;rsm;ukd ac: í twl0rf;ajrmufaMumif; awGU& onf/ ocifa,½Ionf todw &m;enf;yg;í rSm;rdaomolrsm;ukd aemifwESihf uk, d af wmfxo H Ykd jyef vmzdYk arwåmESiahf oG;aqmif ac: awmfral ejcif;ukd vltaygif;odap zkYd od;k xde;f ESif Oh yrmay;í az:jy ygonf/ ]]xk d e nf ; wl ajzmif h r wf í aemifw&p&mtaMumif; r &S d a omol uk d ; q,f h u k d ; a,muf wk d Y ü aumif ; uif o m;wd k Y o nf

aemifw&aom vlq;kd wpfa,muf tay:ü omí 0rf;ajrmufaMumif; ukd az:jyxm;ygonf/

0rf ; ajrmuf j cif ; &S d o nf x uf ? aemifw&aomvlqkd;wpfa,muf ü omí 0rf;ajrmufjcif; &SdMu onf [ k igqk d \ }} (vk 15; 7) uk, d af wmfonf aemifw &aomoludk tvk&d ydS gonf/ rrSm; bl;aomoludk tvk&d o dS nf r[kwf yg/ rSm;wwfaomoabmESihf rSm; aeaomol r sm;onf w&m;ES i f h qifjcifwikd ;f wmí rdrt d rSm;ukd jrif Ny;D aemifwESihf uk, d af wmfxv H mzdYk ac:aejcif; jzpfygonf/ wpfzef qufí uk, d af wmfu ajzmifrh wfí aemifw&p&mtaMumif; r&Sad om ol uk;d q,fu h ;dk a,mufü aumif; uifom;wkYd 0rf;ajrmufonfxuf

[k rqdw k wfMuyg/ obm0wlNy;D aoG;om;awmfpyfrI\oHa,mZOf u Bu;D vSygonf/ ,aeY uREyfk w f Ydk ta,mufwikd ;f onf bk&m;ocif \zefqif;jcif; cHxm;&aomolrsm; jzpfMuygonf/ zcifwpfa,mufü om;ESpaf ,muf&ydS gonf/ om;ESpf a,mufteuf om;i,fu ykdif xku d af omtarGuadk y;yg[k awmif; vQif zcifu &xkdufí r[kwf aomfvnf; aoG;om;awmfpyfrI oH a ,mpOf a Mumif h ay;vk d u f y g onf/ trSew f &m;t&qkyd grl tdrf ü xko d m;&Smxm;aom t&mwpfck rQr&Sd ay;p&mrvd/k odaYk omf or®m w&m;u r&xku d af o;aomfvnf; ay;vku d yf gonf/ tarG&oGm;aom

tjypfESifhtavsmuf rcHapvdkyg ocifa,½Ionf aysmuf aomodk;ESifh okd;xdef ;taMumif; rd e f Y a wmf r l N yD ; aemuf om;ES p f a,muf&adS om zciftaMumif; rdeYf >rufawmfryl gonf/ ,aeY avmu BuD;ü om;qdk;&Sdaom rdbrsm;u om;qd;k olx Y u kd Ef iS o hf u Yl H aeyap

om;u ygorQukd umr*kPüf vGef usK;oHk;jzKef;í ukefoGm;ygonf/ ,aeY ,HMk unfot l rsm;onfvnf; Zmwdudk tcGiahf y;í bk&m;ocif \rdó[m,ukd ausmcdik ;f Ny;D oGm; wwf M uygonf / tarG , l o G m ; aomom; ygorQ ukefoGm;aom tcg olt Y em;ü wpfa,mufrQ r&Sd awmhyg/ xkt Yd wl ,HMk unforl sm; &So d rQuek í f qif;&JomG ;onft h cg tem;ü b,forl Q r&Sad wmhyg/ , cif&cdS sed u f tem;rSm uyfpm;aeol rsm; wpfa,mufrQ r&Sad wmh/ okYd aomf uk, d af wmf&ydS gonf/ uk, d f awmfonf 'kua© &mufaeaom ,Hk Munfow l ikd ;f ukd vku d í f ru,fyg/ aemifw&Ny;D tdraf wmfoYkd jyefvm aomolurdk u l m; uk, d af wmfonf rjiif;y,fyg/ om;i,fonf &,l oGm;orQ ukeo f mG ;í pm;p&mr&Sd awmhonft h cg 0ufausmif;onfh tvkyfukdvkyfí 0ufpm;aom yJ awmifu h ydk if pm;csirf wwf jzpfae rdygonf/ xkt d ajctaerS aemif w&í zciftrd u f dk owd&Ny;D vQif aemifwESifh jyefvmygonf/ xkd om;qd;k aemifwESihf jyefvmonf ukd zcifjzpfoo l nf ta0;rSjrifvQif ajy;oGm;í vnfyif;udkydkufzuf vsuf erf;½Iwfygonf/ NyD;vQif jrwfaom0wf½u Hk dk 0wfapygonf/ vufpGyfwefqmukdvnf; qifí qlatmifauR;xm;aom EGm;u av;udkvnf; owfNyD;vQif yGJvkyf í aysmfarGUjcif;udk jyKMuygonf/ opömoufaou xGufoGm;aom om;udk vku d af c:ír&aomfvnf; arwåmoufaou aemifwESifh jyef v maomom;ud k vuf c H y g onf/ xdktwl bmomw&m;u opömcHxm;aomaMumifh vkyfxm; oavmuf aumif ; usKd ; cH p m;zd k Y &Sdaomfvnf; qdk;oavmufawmh

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cHzdkYom&Sdygonf/ om;qdk;u tz tdrfrSxGufvmí tzESifh tquf jywfoGm;aomfvnf; om;ESifh tz awmfpyfrIu rjywfyg/ ,aeY vl om;taygif;wkdYonf aumif;uif bH k & S i f t zES i f h obm0wl a om awmfpyfrI&Sdygonf/ bk&m;ocif ukd ausmcdkif;í touf&SifcJhrdMu aomfvnf; aemifwESihf jyefvmyg u bk&m;ocifu vufcHrnfjzpf ygonf/ rSm;rdcahJ om tjypfrsm;udk vnf; cGiv hf w T í f om;t½ku d t f &m ü csD;ajr§mufrnf jzpfonf/ ]]rw&m;aomol o nf rd r d t usif h w k d Y u k d a&S m if í t ouf r &S i f ? taocH j cif ; trI ü igonf tenf;i,faom aysmf arG U jcif ; &S d o avm/}} (a,Z 18;23) xkdusrf;csufü bk&m;o cif\arwåmoabmukd awGU&yg onf/ rw&m;aomolonf rdrt d usiu hf dk rjyif? ra&SmifaomaMumifh w&m;twdkif; cHxdkufaom'Pfukd cH&onft h cg bk&m;ocifonf xkd okdY cH&onfhtwGuf aysmfarGUjcif; r&Syd g/

arwåm\oufaoudk cHpm;zdkY ]]rw&m;aomol o nf rd r d j yKrd a om t"r® t rI u d k a&Smifí w&m;aomtrI? [kwf rS e f a omtrI u k d jyKvQif rd r d t ouf u k d u,f E I w f & vd r f h r nf } } (a,Z 18;27) rw&m;aomolonf rdrd jyKaom t"r®trIwkdYrS aemifw& í ukd,fawmfxHvmygu ukd,f awmf\ u,fEIwfjcif;aus;Zl;ukd cH&rnfjzpfonf/ uREkfyfwdkY cJ,Of; jcif;? 'ku©MuHK&onfhtcg xkdt ajctaerSvGwfzdkY rdrdcGeftm;ESifh

ajz&Sif;onfxuf ukd,fawmf\ rprIukd awmif;cHygu ukd,fawmf ulnDrprnfjzpfonf/ ukd,fawmf uk d ruk d ; pm;ygu uk d , f a wmf r ulnED ikd yf g/ ] ]jyKrd o rQaom t"r® trI w d k Y u k d q if j cif í a&S m if a om aMumifh aojcif;ESifhvGwfí pif ppf t ouf & S i f & vd r f h r nf / }} (a,Z 18;28)

vmcGifh &cJhMuonf/ ,ck 19&mpk tpykid ;f üvnf; xko d ufaouk&d í bk&m;&SiEf iS t hf wl oGm;Muaom t rIawmfaqmifBuD;rsm;ukd awGUEdkif ygonf/ xkdtxJwGif q&mBuD; a*smch sf rl;vmvnf; wpfa,muft ygt0if jzpfonf/ a*smhcsfrl;vm onf aem&pf*½k'fqkdaom yk*¾Kvf \oufaoukd awGUNyD; ajymif;vJ vmcJjh cif;jzpfonf/ xkyd *k Kd¾ vo f nf

xkdtoufu wrvGefü &Sif&aom toufr[kwf/ avm uü bk&m;ocifESifhtwl &Sif& aomtouf ?
xkdtcsdefu wpfESpfukd aygifwpf aomif;ig;axmif0ifaom oGm;EIwf q&m0ef tvkyfukdpGefYNyD; bk&m; ocif\oufaoukd &vkdí ukd,f

awmfaemufvkdufcJholjzpfonf/ a*smhcsfrl;vmonfvnf; tmrcH &S d o nf / omoemtzG J U &S d o nf / vpOfyyhH ;dk rI&adS omfvnf; r,l? tm; vHk;ukd pGefYNyD; rdbrJhausmif;wnf aqmuf&mü bk&m;ocifukd arQmf MunfhNyD; vkyfaqmifcJhonf/ xkd t&mwdo Yk nf bk&m;ocif rsuEf mS vk d u f í vm;/ r[k w f y g/ ES v H k ; om;ukd vdkufí oufaoxlrp cJhjcif; jzpfygonf/ uREkfyfwkdYt oufwmüvnf; xkdokdYaomouf aoukd cHpm;vkdygu ,aeY bk&m; &Sifonf arwåmESifh urf;vifhí apmifhaeygonf/ bk&m;&Sifonf raeY? ,aeY? aemifumv rajymif; vJ a om bk & m;&S i f j zpf y gonf / bk&m;ocifukd jrnf;prf;vsuf? touf&SifMunfhygu tHhMobG,f aomoufaotrsKd;rsKd;ukd cHpm; vsuf bk&m;ocifESifhtwl t ouf&Sifjcif;\ oufaoukd cHpm; &rnf jzpfaMumif; arwåmESihf tod ay;a0iSvkdufygonf/

emrawmfjrwfü nDtpfudkBuD;DrwifarmifxGef;

ouf a ocH c suf oufaocHcGifhay;wJh bk&m;ocif&JUaus;Zl;awmfudk OD;pGm csD; rGr;f ygw,f/ uReaf wmfzh cif[m (10.1.09)paeaeYnrSm aoG;tefjcif; aoG;0rf;oGm;jcif; a0'emudk cHpm;&NyD; aoG;rsm; tzwfvdkuf0rf;xJu xGuv f mygw,f/ rdom;pktm;vH;k pd;k &drrf I jzpfvmMuygw,f/ uReaf wmf vnf; tdrfudk jyefa&mufwJhtcgrSm zcif&JUtjzpfudk od&SdNyD; tifrwef rS wkefvIyfcJhygw,f/ 'gayrJh uRefawmfn wpfem&DcGJtcsdefavmufrSm bk&m;&Sief YJ qkawmif;&if; pum;ajymygw,f/ ud, k af wmf uReaf wmfzh cif &JUa&m*gudk ud, k af wmhv f ufxJ tyfygw,f/ ud, k af wmftvdak wmf&&dS if oufomcGiahf y;yg/ aq;½Hw k ifzu Ykd vnf; aiG&zdS v Ykd ykd gw,f/ 'gayrJh uRef awmf aq;½Hrk wifcsib f ;l / ud, k af wmf zcifukd oufomcGiahf y;yg/ uRef awmfzh cif oufomcGi&hf &if bk&m;ocifaumif;jrwfaMumif; oufao cHcsifygw,f/ uRefawmfh qkawmif;oHudk bk&m;ocifuMum;odNyD; tajzay;ygw,f/ aeYv,fwpfem&Davmuf q&m0efu tazhudkprf; oyfwJhtcg aus;Zl;awmfaMumifh aoG;aygifcsdefaumif;w,f/ bk&m; ocifrprIaMumifh tpmpm;Ekdif? vrf;aumif;pGmavQmufEkdifNyD; tazh usef;rma&; vHk;0ajymif;vJoGm;ygw,f/ qkawmif;oHukd tajzay;NyD; rpwJhbk&m;ocif&JUaus;Zl;awmfukd csD;rGrf;&if;oufaocHygw,f/ apmxGef;aZmf

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avmuMuD;xJü aojcif; udk vlom;wkdif;u aMumufMu onf/ xkad ojcif;w&m;u tjypf aMumifh vlwt Ydk oufwmü a&muf &Sv d m&jcif;jzpfonf/tjypfaMumifh vlwkdY tay:ü a&muf&Sdvmaom aojcif;w&m;udk rnfolurQ r ausmv f mT ;Ekid yf g/ uREykf w f o Ydk nf ao jcif;udk udk,fwkdif rausmfvTm;Ekdif aomfvnf;? ausmfvTm;Ekdifaomol udk tm;udk;yguausmf vTm;Ekdifyg onf/ uREfkyfwkdYvlom;rsm;\ao jcif;udk ausmfvTm;apEkdifaomt cGifh[lonf vlom;wkdif;twGuf owif;aumif; jzpfygonf/ xkd owif;aumif;rSm vlwkdYtay:ü xm;aom bk&m;ocif\arwåm *&kPmESifh ygwfoufí ]] bk & m;ocif \ om; awmf [ k ac:a0:jcif ; tcG i f h u d k igwkdYonf&rnftaMumif;?bk&m; ocif o nf igwk d Y u d k tb,f r Q avmufcspfawmfrlonfudkMunfh &I q if j cif M uavmh } } (1a,m? 3;1) [k qkdxm;ygonf/ uREfkyfwkdYwpfOD;pD onf bk&m;ocif\om;awmf[k ac:jcif; cH&zkdY&eftwGuf bk&m; ocifonf uREfkyfwkdYudk tb,frQ avmufcspfonfudk Munfh&Iqif jcifMuzkdY owday; EdI;aqmfxm;yg onf/ taMumif;&if;rSm aojcif; udk ausmv f mT ;Muapvkad omaMumifh jzpfonf/

tjypf\tcESifh uif;vGwfjcif; bk&m;ocifonf uREkfyf wkdY wpfa,mufpDudk rnfrQcspfo enf;/ bk&m;ocifonf rdrdü&Sd aom wpfyg;wnf;aomom;awmf udk pGefYonfhwkdifatmif uREfkyfwkdY udk cspfawmfrlygonf/ þonfrSm

y#doaE¨,lí vlYjynfrSm qif;
bk&m;ocif&SdaMumif; oufao vnf; jzpfygonf/ bk&m;ocift rSefwu,f rwnf&Sdygu wyg; wnf;aom om;awmfuv kd n;f ay; pGefYp&mtaMumif; r&Sdyg/ bk&m; ocifudk,fawmfwkdifu uRefawmf wkdYudk xkdokdYcspfovkd om;awmfu vnf; uREyfk w f u Ydk ckd spaf Mumif; ouf aojyygonf/ xkdom;awmfonf rdrd\bk&m;tjzpfudk pGefYonfhom ru aumif;uifbkef;pnf;pdrf;udk vnf;pGefYí npfnrf;vsuf&Sdaom þavmuü vlt Y jzpfuckd , H í l
udk xlNyD;vQif vlom;rsm;ukd zdpD; ESyd pf uftñGew Yf ;kH apaom aojcif; udk qyfay;zkdY&ef OD;pGmtzrf;cH ppf aq;cH&ygonf/ c&pf0ifusr;f av; usr;f ü ocifc&pfawmfukd ar;jref; ppfaq;onftrIudpö 9MudrfpvHk; ü rnfonfhtjypfwpfckürQ rawGY aMumif; azmfjyxm;ygonf/ udk,f awmftm; trsKd;rsKd;vSnfhjzm;í ar;jref;ppfaq;Muaomfvnf;? t jypfudk &SmírawGYyg/ udk,fawmf onf tjypfEiS u hf if;pifaom t&Sif jzpfonf/ xkdokdYtjypfudk &SmrawGY aomfvnf; tjypf&Sdaom olwkdYudk pD&if&m um;wkid üf taocHco hJ nf/ xkdokdYcH&jcif;rSm tjypfw&m;\pkd;

rdkrIatmufü &Sdaeaom vlom; rsm; vGwjf cif;tcGi&hf zk&Yd ef vlom; taygif;wkdY\ jypfa
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rdefYawmfrlonf/ ocifc&pfawmf onf xkdpum;rsm;udk aojcif;rS &Sijf yefxajrmufNy;D aemuf aumif; uifrwuf
avmu"Hw&m;\ zdpD;rIrS u,fwifjcif; ocifa,&I c&pfawmfudk

,HMk unfaomolonf tyg,fi&JrS vGwí f aojci;fw&m;udk aMumuf p&mrvkdawmhonfomru avm uü touf&SifpOf avmu"Hw &m;\ zdp;D rItrsK;d rsK;d rSvnf; vGwf ajrmufí ausmv f mT ;Ekid cf iG hf &SMd uyg onf/ xkdokdYvGwfajrmufatmif jrifEkdifzkdY&ef uREfkyfwkdYbufrS jyK& rnfhtrI&Sdygonf/ 4if;rSm? ]]ighudk ac:avmh? igxl;rnf}} [k azmfjy *wdxm;ojzifh uREfkyfwkdYu udk,f awmfudk ac:MuzkdYvkdygonf/

vGwfjcif; ruyg/ aeYpOfMuHKawGY ae&aom avmu"Hw&m;\zdpD; rItrsKd;rsKd;rS vGwfajrmuf&jcif;t cGifhudk ajymvkdjcif;jzpfonf/ trI a&mufí udk,fawmfudk ac:onfh tcg xkdtrIudpörS udk,fawmfu u,fwifygonf/ tcuftcJwpf ckck MuHK&onfhtcg udk,fawmfudk tultnDawmif;ygu? ud, k af wmf u ajz&Si;f ay;ygrnf/ trIt&mudk tyfESHonfhtcg udk,fawmfu rp ygonf/

a,&Ic&pf\emrawmfukd aMumuf &GHUMuygonf/ a,&Ic&pfawmf\ u,fwifjcif;onf tjypf\tc jzpfaom tyg,fi&JrS u,fvTwf jcif;rQom r[kwfyg/ avmu"Hw &m;\ zdp;D rI trsK;d rsK;d rSvnf; xko d Ydk u,fvTwfjcif; ygygonf/ ,aeY uREkfyfwkdYtoufwmü rnfonfh tcuftcJjyóemMuHKawGY cHpm; aeygap/ ud, k af wmfukd ac:Ekid cf iG hf &SMd uygonf/ trIupd rö sm;udv k nf; udk,fawmftm; tyfESHcGifh&SdMuyg onf/ xkdokdYac:í rdrdtrIudpö&Sd orQukd tyfEaHS omolrsm;tay:ü avmu"Hw&m;\ zdpD;rIrS udk,f awmfonf ,aeYwkdif u,fwif vsuf &Sdaeygonf/

tjypfvTrf;rkd;aom avmuMuD;rS u,fwifjcif;

]]ukd,ftrIt&mudk xm 0&bk & m;ü tyf a vmh / uk d , f awmf u d k uk d ; pm;avmh / ok d Y j yK vQif pD & if a wmf r l r nf } } (qm? 37;5)/ uREyfk w f o Ydk nf rdrw d pfO;D pD \ trIt&m&SdorQudk udk,fawmf tm; tyfESHí udk;pm;rIjyKygu udk,fawmfrprItm;jzifh avmu"H w&m;\ zdpD;rItrsKd;rsKd;rS vGwf ajrmuf ausmfvTm;cGifh&Murnfjzpf onf/ ]],HkMunfí AwdåZHudk cH aomol o nf u,f w if a wmf r l jcif ; ok d Y a&muf v wH å } } (rm? 16;16)/ xkdu,fwifjcif;onf t yg,fi&Jrv S w G jf cif;? tjypf\tcrS

]],H k M unf a omol w k d Y ü jzpftHhaom edrdwfvu©Pm [l rl u m;? ig\emrud k trS D j yKí ewf q d k ; wk d Y u d k E S i f x k w f M uvwH å } } (rm? 16;17) ,aeY tcsKdUaom ae&m rsm;ü ewfqdk;rsm; tvGefaomif; usef;ygonf/ bk&m;0wfjyKaepOf wGifyif vmí uaeol? idk½kdaeol rsm; &SdMuonf/ 0wfjyKpnf;a0;udk tawmfuav; taESmifht,Suf ay; aewwfygonf/ xkdolrsm;t ay:ü a,&IemrESihf &yf[k qkv d u dk f onfESifh &yfoGm;ygonf/ a,&I emrü xko d t l xJrx S u G [ f k qkv d u dk f onfESifh xGufoGm;ygonf/ vlwkdY txJrS 0ifaejyD; aESmuf,Sufae aom ewfqkd;&SdorQonf ocif

ocifc&pfawmfonfuREkfyf wkdYtm; tjypftcaojcif;rSaomf 4if;? avmu"Hw&m;\zdp;D rItrsK;d rsKd;rSaomf4if; u,fvTwf½HkrQru wpfaeYaomtcsed w f iG f þavmu Mu;D rSvnf; u,fEw I í f olx Y H ac: aqmif,loGm;awmhrnfjzpfonf/ xkt d &monf uREyfk w f Ydk ,HMk unfol ta,mufwkdif;twGuf r*Fvm&Sd aom ajrmfvifhjcif;jzpfygonf/ ]]ok d Y aomf v nf ; aemuf qH k ; aom wH y d k ; rI w f a omtcg}} (1aum? 15;52)/ xkdaemufqHk;aom wHydk; rIwaf omtcg ud, k af wmfonf ,Hk Munfolrsm;udk odrf;qnf;rnfjzpf ygonf/ xkdaemufqHk; wHydk;rIwf jcif;tajctaeudk (1ouf4;16) wGif azmfjyxm;ygonf/ ocif bk & m;onf a
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bHkrS udk,fwkdifqif;oufawmfrlí [k yg&Sdygonf/ ocifbk&m;onf udk,fwkdifa
,HkMunfí aovGefNyD;aomolrsm; u &Sdonfhae&mtoD;oD;rS xkd0d OmPcE¨mud, k u f kd &&Sjd y;D xajrmuf vmMurnf j zpf o nf / xk d o k d Y x ajrmufNyD;aemuf þavmuü t ouf&iS af eMuaom,HMk unforl sm; onfvnf; rsupf w d rSw d af jymif;vJ í 0dOmPcE¨mudk,fudk&jyD;? xkdol wkEYd iS t hf wl rk;d wdraf y:okYd csaD qmif cHMu&rnfjzpfonf/ uREfkyfwkdYt ouf&iS af exkid af omavmuurÇm Mu;D udk ,HMk unfot l m;vH;k u xku d hJ okdY xm;cJhMu&rnfjzpfygonf/ þ avmuMuD;xJü ocifc&pfawmf udk ,HMk unfaomolrsm;onf OD;pGm tyg,fi&Jrv S w G í f xm0&touf udk&&SdjyD; aojcif;ESifhtpOf uif; vGwfcGifh &&SdMuonf/ xkdYjyif? þ avmuü touf&iS pf Of MuKH awG&Y onf h a vmu"H w &m;\zd p D ; rI t rsKd;rsKd;rSvnf; udk,fawmf\rprI tm;jzifh vGwaf jrmufciG ?hf ausmv f mT ; atmifjrifcGifh&Murnfjzpfonf/ tqHk;ü tjypfvTrf;rkd;aom þ avmuajrMuD ; ay:rS csD a qmif

u,fwifjcif;cH&í ukd,fawmfESifh twl tpOfrjywfae&aom tcGihf xl;udk cHMu&rnfjzpfygonf/ xkd aMumif?h ,HMk unforl sm;onf xko d Ydk twG u f rnf r Q0rf ; ajrmuf p &m aumif;onfh tmrcHcsuf jzpfygo enf;/ ,HMk unforl sm; avmuMu;D rS csDaqmifcH&onfhtcg þavmu Bu;D ü r,HMk unforl sm;om use&f pf cJhrnfjzpfí ydkíjyóem&IyfaxG; Ny;D r,HMk unforl sm;u 'kur© sm;pGm MuHKawGYMurnfjzpfonf/ okdYaomf? ,aeY ocifa,&Iukd ,HMk unfaom olrsm;onf xko d Ydk 'kuj© yóemrsm; udk rMuHKMu&yg/ EIwfuywfawmf u tmrcHcsuf&Sdygonf/ ]]trsufawmfudkcHapjcif; iS m bk & m;ocif o nf igwk d Y u d k cef Y x m;awmf r l o nf r [k w f / igwk d Y o cif a ,&I c &pf t m;jzif h ? u,f w if j cif ; ud k yd k i f & apjcif ; iS m cef Y x m;awmf r l \ }} (1ouf 5;9)/ bk&m;ocifonf uREkfyf wkdYudk þavmuü þuJhokdYaom

rl v t&if ; tjrpf ? t &mcyf o d r f ; txG # f t jrwf ? a0 ae,sowå 0 gtaygif ; wd k Y w G i f om;OD;jzpfawmfrlxaom? ao aomolwdkYwGif om;OD;jzpfawmf rl a om? tvH k ; pH k w d k Y \ tcsKyf t jcmESifh toif;awmf\OD;acgif; jzpf a wmf r l a om ocif a ,½I c&pfawmfwnf;[laom ]]xdkom;awmfonf rsuf j rif r &aombk & m;ocif \ yHko@mefawmf jzpf\/ a0ae

,sowå 0 g taygif ; wk d Y w G i f vnf; om;OD;jzpfawmfrl\/ t aMumif ; rl u m; xk d o m;awmf onf aumif;uifay:? ajrBuD; ay:rS m &S d o rQaom ½l y t&m? t½lyt&m? &mZmyv’ifjzpfap? tpd k ; &jcif ; wef c k d ; jzpf a p? t xG # f t jrwf j zpf a p? tmPm puf j zpf a p? cyf o d r f ; aomt &mwdkYudk zefqif;awmfrl\/ xdk ociftm;jzifh4if;? xkdocif t zd k Y t vd k i S m 4if ; ? cyf o d r f ; aom

t&mwk d Y o nf zef q if ; vsuf jzpf M u\/om;awmf o nf v nf ; cyf o d r f ; aomt&mrjzpf r D jzpf awmf r l í cyf o d r f ; aomt&m wk d Y o nf wef c k d ; awmf t m;jzif h om wnf M u\/ toif ; awmf wnf;[laom udk,f\OD;acgif; jzpf a wmf r l \ / t&m&mü xl ; jrwf j cif ; iS m rl v t&if ; tjrpf jzpfí aoaomolwdkYwGif om; OD ; jzpf a wmf r l \ /}} (aumavmoJ?1;15-18)

MuD;jrwfonfh u,fwifjcif;(3) &yfudk tydkif&apjcif;iSm cefYxm; jcif; jzpfygonf/ ,aeY uREkfyfwkdY u ocifa,&Ic&pfudk rdrd\u,f wif&Siftjzpf ,HkMunfvufcHjcif; rjyK&ao;ygu? ,ckyif ,HkMunf vufcHzkdY&ef tm;ay;wkdufwGef;vkd ygonf/ taMumif;rSm? xko d cif\ emrawmfrw S yg; uREyfk w f u Ydk kd u,f wifEkdifaom emrwpHkwckrQ þ avmuür&Sad omaMumifjh zpfonf/ xkdYaMumifh? uREfkyfwkdY ta,muf wk d i f ; twG u f ? ocif a ,&I c &pf awmf\jrwfemrawmfonf om vQif uREkfyfwkdYtoufwmtwGuf tusKd ; w&m;oH k ; ck E S i f h , S O f a om u,fwifjcif; aus;Zl;udk cHpm;ap Ekid af Mumif;udk ,aeY qifjcifí t usKd;r*Fvm cHpm;EkdifMuygap[k arwåmESifhtm;ay; wkdufwGef;a0iS vku d yf gonf/

emrawmfjrwfü nDtpfudkOD;uyfcefYckyf

aumavmoJtoif;awmf aumavmoJtoif;om; rsm;udk &Sifaygvkudk,fwkdif rawGU jrifzl;aomfvnf; {zufNrdKUü (3) ESpfcefYtrIawmfaqmifpOf {0Ha* vdw&m; Mum;em&í ajymif;vJ oGm;aom {yjzonf rdrda'o aumavmoJ N rd K Uawmf o d k Y jyef a&mufNyD; oufaocHa[majym &mrStoif;awmfjzpfay:vmonf [k ,lq&\/ wrefawmf&iS af ygvk a&mrütusOf;uspOf Eke,faom

page 6

toif;awmfav;xJodkY rSm;,Gif; aomt,l 0 g'ud k oG w f o G i f ; vk d aomvlwpfpkaMumifh {yjzpdk;&drf vmojzifh wrefawmf&&dS modYk oGm; í taMumif;pHkajymjyojzifh &Sif aygvkonf at'D-61ckEpS af vmuf wG i f a&mrtusOf ; axmif x J r S aumvmoJMo0g'pmudk a&;om; NyD; {yjzESifhtwl ay;ydkYvdkufjcif; jzpfNyD; ra&S;raESmif; a&;om;ay; yd k Y x m;aom {zuf M o0g'pmud k vnf; zwf½IzdkY&ef rSmMum;vkdufyg w,f/ þMo0g'pmudka&;om; &jcif ; \ &nf & G , f c suf r S m rS m ; ,Gif;aom rdpämt,l0g'udk azmf xk w f í OD ; acgif ; wnf ; [l a om c&pfawmfü jyefí wnfapzdkY&ef or®mowd&SdNyD; ,cif udk;uG,frI aemufodkY jyefí ,drf;,dkifroGm; apzkdY&ef ,HkMunfoltcsif;csif; *½kpdkuftm;ay;NyD; cspfjcif;arwåm ü wdk;yGm;jynfhpHk&ef wkdufwGef; a&; om;jcif; jzpf\/

rSm;,Gif;aom vrf;vGJapaom aemh(pf)wpft,l0g' (GNOSTICISM) yxrESifh 'kwd,&mpkESpf umv(at'D-100-200)wGif ue OD;toif;awmfrsm;\ tajccH ,Hk Munfcsufudk wdkufzsufaom,drf; ,d k i f a paom tEå & m,f B uD ; rm; aom rdpämt,l0g'BuD;wpfckrSm aemh(pf)wpf t,l0g'jzpfonf/ ol wdkY\,HkMunfcH,lcsufrSm vlonf ½kyfESifhemrf aygif;pyfxm;aom owå0gjzpf\/ emrfydkif;onf rGef jrwfaom? aumif;jrwfaomt&m jzpfí ½kyfcE¨mydkif;onf raumif; aom? ,kwfnHhaomt&mjzpfonf [k cH,l\/ vlonf ½kyfcE¨mxJü

ydwfavSmifjcif;cHae&ojzifh xdkt wGif;vlvGwfajrmufzkdY&ef ÓPft vif;&rSom vGwfajrmufEdkif\/ ½kyfcE¨mydkif;aMumifh vlonf r aumif;rI'kp½dkufrsm;udk jyKvkyfae jcif;jzpfí xkcd E¨mudk ESyd u f yG &f rnf/ (wpfenf;) NcdK;jcHpGm usifhMuHae xkid rf o S m emrfyikd ;f udk vGwaf jrmuf apEkdifrnf[k cH,lMu\/

aeaomfvnf; b,faomtcg rQ raygif;pyfEikd /f þtaMumif;aMumifh a,½Ionf vlom;jzpfvQif bk&m; rjzpfEkdif? bk&m;jzpfvQif vlrjzpf Edkif[k a,½Ic&pf\ bk&m;Zmwd awmfukd qefu Y siw f u dk zf suv f mMu \/ &Sifa,m[efMo0g'pmapmif wGif wrefawmfa,m[efu vlY Zmwdtm;jzifh
þt,ltqonf t,l 0g'jzpf v mNyD ; aemuf a cwf t qufquf? Mu;D &ifv h mjy;D ? ,ckrsuf arSmufumvwGif bmomw&m; wdkY\ tajccH , H k M unf c suf j zpf aom awmxGufjcif;? w&m;usifh jcif;? Oykofapmifhjcif;ponfh cE¨m udk,fNcdK;jcHpGm 'ku©p&d,m usifhMuH jcif; (Asceticism)0g'\ tajccH oabmobm0yif jzpfvmonf/ or®mw&m;ESifhqefYusif aom 'Gd[oabm&Sdaom þ,Hk MunfcH,lcsufrS rSm;,Gif;aom t,l t q awG ; ac:csuf r sm; qif h y G m ;vm\/ (u) vl\cE¨monf ½kyyf idk ;f jzpf ojzifh bk&m;w&m;ESifhrpyfqkdif? emrfydkif;onfom rGefjrwfaom aumif;jrwfaom bk&m;obm0 ESifhqkdifaom tydkif;jzpf\/ xkdY aMumifh ½kyfESifhemrfonf a&maESm

a,½I o nf c&pf a wmf w nf ; [l aom bk&m;om;awmfjzpfaMumif; udk jiif;y,faomolwdkYonf vSnfh zsm;aom rkomESifhqdkifaom tEåd c&pfESifhqkdifaom rdpämya&mzuf rsm;[k twdtvif;xkwaf zmfajym qkdí xdkolwdkYESifhraygif;azmfrd&ef vufrcH&ef twdtvif; ynwf ay;xm;\/ (c)vlom;\u,fwifvw G af jrmuf jcif;onf a,½Ic&pftaocHjcif; &S i f j yef x ajrmuf j cif ; wuf < u awmfrjl cif;ESihf rnforYkd Qrywfouf yJ xd k a ,½I u d k ,H k M unf ½ H k r QES i f h u,fwifjcif; r&Ekdif[k ueOD;t oif;awmf Eke,faom,HkMunfol rsm;\ or®mw&m;ESiq hf idk af om ,Hk Munfcsufudk ,drf;,dkifcsdeJUapí qefYusifbufjyKzkdY&ef xkd;azmuf 0ifa&mufvm\/ aemh(pf)wpf t ,l0g'orm;rsm;\rSm;,Gi;f aomcH

,lcsurf mS u,fwifjcif;onf npf nL;aom½kyfcE¨mrS vl\twGif; ü&Sad om ydwrf ad eaomemrfobm 0udk vGwfajrmufapjcif;jzpf\[k cH,Ml u\/ xdo k v Ykd w G af jrmufEikd &f ef xl;uJaomodjrifjcif; (wpfenf;) ÓPftvif;&jcif;jzifhom jzpfEdkif \/ xkdÓPftvif;onf rdrdwdkYü om ydkifqkdif&&Sdxm;onf[k a
page 7

rkomajymqkMd u\/ þt,l0g'udk (Doceticism) [kac:qdNk y;D ueOD; toif;awmfrsm;rS twnft h vif; y,fzsucf \ hJ / aemh ( pf ) wp (*) þaemh wpf t ,l 0 g'rS qefYusifbufay:xGufvmaom qdk;usKd;wpfckrSm ½kyfcE¨mESifhemrf 0dÓOf wpfckESifhwpfck qufpyfrI r&SdaomaMumifh ½kyfcE¨mtm;jzifh vGefusL;wwfaom aomufpm; rl;,pfjcif;? rw&m;aom arxkef? ud a vomvG e f u sL;jcif ; wd k Y o nf emrftay:rnfodkYrQ tusdL;ouf a&mufrIr&Sd[k tvGJ,lojzifh vl onf vGwfvyfpGm ukd,fhtvkdt wdkif;vkyfcGifh&SdNyD; tdaNE´apmifhpnf; zdkYrvdk[k cH,lMu\/ þcH,lcsuf &SdaomolwdkYudk (Libertine) rsm; [k ac:qdkMu\/ acwfESifhtnD vkdufavsmnDaxGpGm vGwfvyfpGm aexdkifcGifh&Sdonf[k udk,fhudkudk,f vSnfhpm;aom? pm&dwår@dKif,dk ,Gif;apaom þt,l0g'onf MowåyÜpdwfudkoHylcwfaom udk,f rSefonfxifvQif vkyfydkifcGifh&Sd onf[k ukd,fykdifvGwfvyfcGifhudk awmif;qkdwwfaom wpfzufpGef; usaom (Liberalism) t,l0g' yifjzpfygonf/ þvGwfvyfpGm awG;ac: vkyyf idk cf iG &hf o dS nf[ak om t,l0g'onf ,Ofaus;rIw;kd wuf vmonf[k ajymqkdaompufrI odyÜHxGef;um;vmaom wkdif;jynf BuD;rsm;wGif vTrf;rdk;rIBuD;wpf&yf jzpfvmNyD; zGHUNzdK;cgpwkdif;EdkifiHrsm; odkYyif ul;pufysHUyGm;vmvsuf &Sd aMumif; rsufarSmufumvwGif awGU&Sdae&ygonf/

a,½Ic&pfawmfonf rnfoljzpfoenf; aumavmoJNrKd U&Sd toif; awmfxJodkU 0ifa&mufxdk;azmufp

jyKaom aemh(pf)wpft,l0g'onf tpysKd ;csed üf om &Syd gao;onf/ ol wdUk \ ,lqcsurf mS bk&m;ocifxH odkU a&muf&SdzdkU&ef tqifhqifh&Sd&m a,½Ionf Mum;cHtqifhwpfck omjzpfonf[k ajymqdMk u\/ [dEL´

&&SNd y;D 'kEiS ahf '; axmifaomif;ru ajymif;vJvmvsu&f adS Mumif; tcdik f trm oufaorSwfwrf;rsm;jzifh txift&Sm; od&SdEdkifygonf/ xdkYaMumifh wrefawmfBuD; &Sifaygvkonf þ rSm;,Gif;aom

t,l t qrS m vnf ; a,½I o nf Ak'u ¨ o hJ Ykd bk&m;ud, k yf mG ; wpfco k m jzpfonf[k cH,x l m;\/ Edik if aH wmf tpdk;&ydwfyifvdkufaom ausmuf uGi;f ta&;awmf yHpk mtkyüf a,½I onf rSwfwrf;r&Sdaom(12)ESpfrS (30)ESpf ESpt f wGi;f wdAufjynfwiG f Ak'¨\r[max&fatmufwGif Mo 0g' cH,lonf[k tajctjrpf r&Sd aom rSm;,Gif;csufudk a&;om;Mu \/ ,ckrsufarSmufumvwGifyif a,½Ionf rm*'vrm&dESifh t aMumif;ygNyD; aqGpOfrsdK;qufjyif opfEidk if w H iG &f adS Mumif; ½ky&f iS ½f u kd ?f pmtkyfa&;om;NyD; c&pfawmf\ bk&m;Zmwdukd wdu k cf u kd v f suyf if &Sd Muaomfvnf; or®mw&m;udk rnf olrQ rnfonfeh nf;ESirhf Q rzsuq f ;D ? ry,fazsmufEdkifyg/ toif;awmf rsm;onf wdk;yGm;vsuf bmomt oD;oD;rSaomfvnf;aumif;? ewf udk;uG,folrsm;xJrSyifvQif vlrsdK; pkvdkuf ocifa,½Ic&pfawmfudk rsuf j rif u d k , f a wG U ouf a orsm;

c&pfawmf\ bk&m;Zmwdudk wdkuf zsufcsifaom tEdÅc&pf0dnmOf jyK jyifaom rkomESifhqdkifonfh rdpäm t,l0g'orm;rsm;udk twdtvif; azmfxkwfí or®mw&m;ESifh jyef vnfacsyqD;wm;&mü a,½Ic&pf onf t&mcyfodrf;\zefqif;&Sif jzpfaMumif;? &Sd&SdorQaomt&mwdkY \ rlvt&if;tjrpfjzpfNyD;? a0ae ,sowå0gwdUk wGif om;OD;jzpfawmf rlonfomru aoaomolww Ykd iG f vnf; om;OD;jzpfaMumif;? 0dpu d pd mä uif;aomwefcdk;ygaom oefY&Sif; aom 0dnmOfawmftm;jzifh a,½I ocif\ bk&m;Zmwdawmfukd xkwf azmfcs;D ajrm§ ufMo0g'pm a&;om;cJh \/ a,½Ic&pfawmfonf rsufjrif r&Edkifaom tptOD;uwnf;u wnf & S d a eawmf r l a om xm0& bk&m;\ jrifEdkifaomo@mefESifh
jcmESihf toif;awmf\ OD;acgif;jzpf awmfral Mumif;udv k nf; 0if
page 8

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]]ocif b k & m;ü tpOf r jywf 0 rf ; ajrmuf j cif ; &S d M uavmh / wzef igqk d o nf u m; 0rf ; ajrmuf M uavmh / }} (zd? 4;4) uREyfk w f , Ydk MkH unforl sm; \ toufwmü bk&m;ocif\tvkd awmfrmS tpOfrjywf0rf;ajrmufMu zdkY jzpfonf/ 0rf;ajrmufjcif;onf ocifb&k m;üom &&Scd pH m;Edik af om t&mjzpfonf/ 0rf;ajrmufjcif; onf tajctaeESifh roufqdkif yg/ bk&m;ocifü r&Sad omol\t oufwmü 0rf;ajrmufjcif; r&SdEdkif yg/ odaYk omf olü aysm&f iT jf cif;awmh &SdEdkifygonf/ avmuBuD;ü vlwdkY &&SdEdkifaomt&mrSm aysmf&Tifjcif; jzpfonf/ aysm&f iT jf cif;onf tajc taetay:ü wnfaqmufxm; aomcHpm;csufjzpfonf/ tvkyf&

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jzpfvQif? uRefawmf? uRefronf zefqif;cHjzpfí uk, d af wmfukd t
£oa&vtrsdK; A,FmrdeftEG,f jzpf\/ a[NAJvlppf jzpfovdk w &m;tm;jzifh Munfhaomfzm&d&SJjzpf onf/ pdwftm;BuD;jcif;t&mudk Munfhaomf bk&m;ocif\toif; awmfudk ñSif;qJaomoljzpfonf/ (zd? 3;5-6) a&Smvkonf bmom w&m;bufü pdwfjyif;jyygaomf vnf; olü 0rf;ajrmufjcif; r&Sd/ c&pf,mefwu Ykd kd Munfrh &/ vGaJ om t,lukd cH,o l rl sm;[k ,lqNy;D c&pf ,mefwkdYwpfbufü taoowf jcif;iSm jyif;pGmtouf&Sifol jzpf onf/ olonf c&pf,mefwkdYt ay:ü rauseyfpdwf? rkef;wD;pdwf wkdYjzifh touf&SifaeNyD;? tpOfo jzifh ocifbk&m;\aemufawmfokdY vku d af eolrsm;\ysupf ;D &m ysupf ;D aMumif;uko d mpOf;pm;Ny;D tm;xkwf aeojzifh olü avmu aysmf&Tif

yifr[kwyf gvm;/ xko d t Ydk yfEt HS ouf&iS f vQif aumif;MuD;r*FvmESifhjynhf0onf omru udk,fawmf\tcGifhtm Pm? ud, k af wmf\cspjf cif;arwåm? ESrd chf sjcif;? oef&Y iS ;f jcif;? El;nHo h rd hf arGYjcif;ponfh 0dnmOftoD;rsm; vnf; a0qmvmrnfjzpfaMumif; 0rf;ajrmufauseyfjcif; arQmfvifh jcif;tjynfht0ESihf wrefawmf\ Mo0g'pum;udk tav;eufcH,l vQuf arwåmESihf xyfqihaf 0iStm; ay;vku d yf gonf cifAsm;/

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pdwfyif r&SdcJhyg/ ]]a&Smvkonfum;?ocif bk & m;\wynf h a wmf w k d Y w buf ü Ncdrf;ajcmufí aoowfjcif; iSm jyif;pGmtouf½Iojzifh? xkd bmom0ifaoma,musmf; rdef; rwk d Y u d k a wG U vQif csnf a ES m if í a,½k & S v if N rd K Uok d Y yk d Y a qmif & rnft aMumif;}} (wref? 9;1-2) a&Smvk\ bmomw&m; pdwftm;BuD;í vIyf&Sm;avorQ onf c&pf,mefwYdk ysupf ;D zkyYd ifjzpf onf/ wpfaeUc&pf,mefwu Ydk dk zrf; qD;í a,½k&SvifNrdKUokdY ykdYEkdifzkdY&ef tmPmykdifwkdYxHrS tcGifhpmukd ,l NyD; c&D;oGm;pOf 'roufNrdKUteD;ü ocifa,½IESifh xdawGUNyD; touf wm ajymif;vJcJhonf/ ]]'rouf N rd K UteD ; od k Y

page 9

a&muf a omtcg aumif ; uif xJutvif;onf olYywfvnf ü &kwfceJ xGef;awmufav\/ a&S m vk o nf ajray:rS m vJ a e pOf a&S m vk ? a&S m vk tb,f aMumif h igh u k d nS i f ; qJ o enf ; [k rdrdtm;ajym aompum;oH uk d M um;vQif ocif u k d , f a wmf onf tb,f o l e nf ; [k ar; avQmuf \ / ocif b k & m;u vnf; igum; oifnSif;qJaom a,½I j zpf o wnf ; /}} (wref? 9;3-5) toif;awmfESihfc&pf,mef wkdYukd zdpD;ESdyfpufjcif;onf ocif a,½Iudk nSif;qJjcif;uJhokdY jzpf onfudk awGU&onf/ bmomw &m;ü rdrb d 0ukd wnfaqmufxm; aoma&Smvkonf toufwmü Nidrfoufjcif;r&Sd? 0rf;ajrmufjcif; r&Sd,HkrQru avmuaysmf&TifrIyif r&Sdyg/ xdka&Smvkonf 'roufNrdKU odYk oGm;aomvrf;ü ocifb&k m; \½lyg½kHukd awGU&SdNyD; toufwm ajymif;vJí ocifa,½Iü &Sdvm aomtcg ol\touf&SifrIu ajymif;vJomG ;onf/ wpfcsed u f rdrd ñSi;f qJzsuq f ;D zdYk tm;xkwcf ahJ om toif;awmfbufü &yfwnfNyD; toufpeG í Yf ocifa,½I\{0Ha* vdw&m;udk r&SufraMumufa[m ajymvmcJo h nf/ a&Smvkonfvnf; ocifbk&m;twGuf tapcH&if; aygvk trnfwGifcJhonf/ (wref? 13;9) ]]igonf c&pf a wmf \ {0H a *vd w &m;aMumif h &S u f aMumuf j cif ; r&S d / taMumif ; rl um;? xdkw&m;onf a&S;OD;pGm ü ,k'vl? aemufüa[vovl? ,H k M unf o rQaomol t aygif ; wdkYudk u,fwifapaom bk&m; ocif \ wef c d k ; awmf j zpf \ /}}

(a&m? 1;16) &Sifaygvkc&pfawmf\{0H a*vdw&m;twGuf ay;cJhaom tzdk;tcay;rIYonf omrefrQom r[kwfyg/ xdk{0Ha*vdw&m;t wGuf tBudrfBudrftpmtiwft rGwfcH&onf/ t0wftcsnf;pnf; &S&d onf/ ig;Burd w f ikd w f ikd f 'Pfcsuf

(a&m? 5;3) &Siaf ygvkEiS hf odvwdo Yk nf wpfaeY ocifa,½I\{0Ha*vdw &m;udk a[majymaomaMumifh zrf; qD;jcif; cH&NyD; olwdkY\t0wfudk cRw\ f Burd v f ;kH ESihf ½du k Ef u S jf cif;udk cH&NyD;rS axmifxJü avSmifxm;cH &onf/ aygvkESifh odvcH&aom

av;q,fwGif wpfcsufavsmht ½du k cf cH &hJ onf/ axmifxüJ avSmif xm;cHcJh&onf/ tcsrf;? tat; 'Pf cHc&hJ onf/ odaYk omf xdt k ajc taersm;aMumifh aygvkonf pdwf rysufcJh? rnOf;ñlcJhyg/ (2aum? 11;23-27) xdktajctaersm;ü yif aygvkonf oDcsif;qdkEdkifcJh onf/ 0rf;ajrmufEdkifcJhonf/ ayg vkonf xdk'ku©qif;&Jrsm;udk rdrd cPom cH&jcif;jzpfonf[k qdk um a
tajctaeudk Munfhygu tajc taeu 0rf;ajrmufp&m raumif; yg/ wudk,fvHk; ½dkufESufcHxm;& onf/ 'Pfcsuf&mrsm;jzifh jynfh ESSufaeovdk? vluvJ axmifxJü avSmifxm;cH&onf/ tajctae u bk&m;ocifudk tjypfwifEdkif onf/ pdwyf suNf i;D jiLNy;D ? c&pfawmf twGuf touf&iS &f jcif;onf t usdK;r&Sd[k ,lqp&m&Sdonf/ odkY aomf &Siaf ygvku xdo k Ykd rrSw, f cl hJ yg/ xdktajcaeqdk;udk aygvkonf bmrQr[kwo f uJo h Ykd cH,Nl y;D ocif bk&m;ü &Sdaom b0opf\0rf; ajrmufjcif;u xdktajctaeü olYudk oDcsif;qdkapEdkifcJhonf/ ayg vkESifh odvwdkYonf tajctae udkrMunfh? yrmPrjyKbJ bk&m; ocifudk csD;rGrf;vsuf oDcsif;oDqdk Mu&m axmifxüJ aESmifzx YJG m;jcif; cH&aomolrsm;vnf; em;axmifMu onf/ xdck Pjcif;wGif ajrBu;D jyif;

pGm vIyfí bk&m;ocif\tHhMo bG,f wef;cdk;awmf vIyf&Sm;í vl taygif;wdkYonf aESmifzGJYjcif;ESifh vGwfMuonf/ aemufqHk;ü bk&m; &Sif\ tHhMobG,fwefcdk;awmfudk jrifawG&Y aom axmifrLS ;ESihf rdom; pkwdkYonf bk&m;ocifudk ,HkMunf vsuf 0rf;ajrmufjcif;odkY a&muf&Sd aMumif; awG&Y onf/ cspaf omrdwf aqG? uREkfyfwdkYtoufwmü ocif bk&m;ü 0rf;ajrmufaeyg&JUvm;/ tvkyfr&Sdí? pD;yGm;a&;tqifr ajyí? vufxüJ oH;k p&m aiGr&Sí d ? tdrfr&Sdí? pdwfysufnOf;ñlaeyg ovm;/ pdk;&drfylyefaeygovm;/ oifonf ocifbk&m;ü&dSdaeygu xdt k ajctaersm;üyif 0rf;ajrmuf Edik yf gonf/ taMumif;rlum;? oif ESihf uREyfk u f ;kd uG,af ombk&m;onf tvkyfay;Edkifaombk&m;? pD;yGm; a&;tqifajy atmifjrifapEdkif aombk&m;? tok;H vdak omaiGaMu; udk rpcsay;Edkifaombk&m;? aep &mtdrfudk ay;Edkifaombk&m;? tHh MozG,ef mrawmf&adS ombk&m; jzpf ygonf/ xdb k &k m;udo k m trSjD yKNy;D 0rf;ajrmufjcif;ESifh csD;rGrf;ygu t ajctaeudk tHMh obG,f ud, k af wmf u ajymif;vJaprnf jzpfonf/ uREkfyfwdkY\jyóemtcuftcJt wGuf udk,fawmfudk ajymyg/ wef cdk;BuD;aombk&m;\vufawmfESifh rprIYoufaoudk trSefyif cHpm;& rnfjzpfonf/ pma&;ol\ udk,fawGYt jzpftysufwpfckudk oufaocHa0 iSvykd gonf/ vGecf ahJ omESpq f ,fih g; ESpfcefYu jzpfygonf/ xdktcsdefu uREkfyfonf toif;awmfi,fav; wpfyg;udk oif;tkyfq&mtjzpf Munfhaecsdefjzpfonf/ wpfaeY r euf uREyfk v f ufxüJ oH;k p&maiG ig; rl;om&Sdygonf/ xdktcsdefü uREkfyf

page 10

wdYk rdom;pk oH;k OD;&So d nf/ tajct aeu pdk;&drfp&m jzpfonf/ reuf jzeftwGuf qefr&S?d [if;csupf &m 0,fzdkY r&Sdyg/ odkYaomf pdwfrylyg/ uREkfyfwdkY rdom;pk\tajctaeudk bk&m;ociftm; ajymjyNyD; Nidrf0yf pGm aeygonf/ xdktcsdefwGif t oif;awmfrStoif; vlBuD;wpfOD; tdro f aYkd &mufvmNy;D q&mwdv Yk uf xJrmS oH;k p&maiG &Sad o; ovm;[k ar;ygonf/ vufxJü aiGig;rl;&Sd aeao;í &Sdygao;onf[k jyef ajymvkdufonf/ b,favmuf&Sd ao;vJ[k qufíar;vQif ig;rl; om&So d nf[k qufajymzkYd jyifxm; aomfvnf; olu qufí rar; ojzifh tajctaeukd qufajymjy ír&? cPtMum toif;vlBuD; u jyefoGm;onf/ uREkfyfwkdY\t cuftcJu rajyvnf ao;yg/ okaYd omf uREyfk w f u Ydk ;dk uG,f aombk&m;onf touf&Sifaom bk&m;? t&mcyfodrf;ukdodí rp jcif;iSm wwfEkdifaombk&m; jzpf onf/ uREyfk w f rYdk o d m;pk\vkt d yfrI twGuf ZeD;armifESHESpfa,mufqk awmif;Ny;D bk&m;&Sit f MhH ozG,rf nf okdY jyifqifay;rnfukd apmifhqkdif; aeMuygonf/ xkdtcsdefu reuf (7)em&DccJG efY tcsed jf zpfonf/ tcsed f rsm;pGm wa&GUa&GUukefoGm;NyD; (9) em&DccJG eft Y csed w f iG f tdraf &SUrS ac: oHMum;í xGufMunfh&m pmykdYvk vifwpfOD; jzpfaeNyD; 'Dtdrfutdrf &Siv f m;[ ak r;vmonft h cg [kwf ygonf[k ajzvkdufonf/ xkdt cgpmykdYvkvifu OD;wifhatmifwkdU udk aiGykdYr,fhvl &Sdovm;vkdYar;yg w,f/ b,fvkdjyefajz&rSef;rod? oif;tkyfq&mb0eJY aewmMum vSayrJh 'DvkdpmwkdufuaiGykdYwm wpfcgrS rMuHKbl;yg/ tJ'DtcsdefrSm uREkfyfwkdYrdom;pktwGuf bk&m;

ocif tvkyfvkyfNyDqkdwmukd od vkdufygw,f/ 'gaMumifh aiGykdYEkdfif wJhvlawmh trsm;BuD;yJ? b,fol jzpfrvJawmh rodb;l vkYd ajymvku d f ygw,f/ pmykdYvkvifu jzwfykdfif; av;wpfcak y;Ny;D vufrw S x f ;dk ckid ;f

bl;/ q&m0efay;wJh &kd;&dk;aq; av;yJ qkawmif;NyD; wkdufcJhw,f/ oHk;av;&ufMuawmh orD;av; vufrmS teDpufuav;awG xGuf vmvk d Y aq;cef ; oG m ;jywJ h t cg q&m0efu aoG;vGefwkyfauG;jzpf

w,f/ ½k;H zGichf sed f pmwku d rf mS aiGvm xkwzf Ydk ajymygw,f/ oljyefomG ;wJh tcg vufxJu pm&Gufav;ukd Munfhvkdufawmh aiG(500)usyf &efukef toif;awmf ykdYvkdufwm jzpfygw,f/ tJ't D csed u f aiG(500) usyf [ m uRef a wmf w d k Y r d o m;pk wpfvoHk;vkdY&ygw,f/ uRefawmf wkZYd eD;armifE0HS rf;ajrmufpmG bk&m; ocif&JUaus;Zl;awmfukd csD;rGrf;cJh Muw,f/ tJ't D oif;awmfav;rSm toif;awmfq&mjzpfaepOfumv twGif; vdktyfrItrsKd;rsKd;? tcuf tcJtzHzk kH MuKaH wGUcJ&h ayr,fh wpf BudrfwpfcgrS rsufESmysuft&Sufr &cJhbl;yg/ tcsdefa&mufwJhtcg bk&m;ocif&UJ rprItm;jzifh tcuf tcJjyoemrsm;[m tpOfajyvnf NyD; 0rf;ajrmufcJh&ygw,f/ 'kwd, ajrmuforD;av;ukd arG;wJt h cgrSm vnf; wpfaeY orD;av;aoG;vGef wkyfauG;jzpfygw,f/ orD;av; aoG;vGefwkyfauG;jzpfaerSef;rod awmh pdwfyl&rSef;vnf; rodcJhyg

wm? 'gayrJh rpkd;&drf&awmhbl;? aoG;vGefwkyfauG;ykd;u xGufoGm; NyDvkdY ajymygonf/ ocifbk&m;ü touf&Sif&jcif;aMumifh cHpm;& wJh 0rf;ajrmufp&mtrIu trsKd; rsK;d jzpfygw,f/

c&pf a wmf ü &S d a om Nid r f o uf j cif ; uREyfk w f Ydk toufwmonf ocifb&k m;ü r&Syd gu 0rf;ajrmuf jcif;r&SdEkdifyg/ 0rf;ajrmufjcif;r&Sd ygu pdwfESvHk;rSm tajctaet ay:üom tm&kHpdkufaerdNyD; Nidrf oufjcif; r&SdEkdifyg/ pdwfESvHk;Nidrf oufjcif;r&S&d if ylyefraI Mumifh tdyf raysmfEkdifbl;/ (wref?12;6)wGif wrefawmf &Siaf yw½kudk awGU&yg w,f/ a[&k'frif;u aemufwpf aeYaxmifxu J xkwNf y;D ayw½kudk owfzkdY pDpOfNyD;ygNyD/ axmifxJrSm oHBuKd ; ESppf if;eJY csnaf ESmifxm;Ny;D ppfol&JESpfa,mufu olYukd apmifh NyD;aew,f/ tajctaeukd Munfh

ygu aemufwpfaeY towfcH& rnf/ b,fvrkd v S w G pf &m tajct aeukd rjrif&yg/ tJ'n D rSm ayw½k b,fvkdrStdyf aysmfEkdifp&m r&Sdyg bl;/ 'gayrJh &Sifayw½k[m tJ'D nrSm ESpfNcKdufpGm tdyfaysmfaewm awGU&ygw,f/ &Siaf yw½k pdwt f m ½ku H tajctaeay:rSm r&Syd gbl;/ ayw½k&JUpdwfESvHk;rSm pdk;&drfylyef pdwfr&Sdygbl;/ 'gaMumihf oltdyf aysmfwm jzpfygw,f/ &Sifayw½k &JUpdwftm&kHu ocifa,½Iüom &Syd gw,f/ ]],H k M unf j cif ; uk d tp tOD ; pD & if í pH k v if a pawmf r l aomocif a ,½I u k d aph a ph axmuf ½ I M uuk e f t H h / }} (a[jAJ ? 12;2) &Sifayw&k[m bk&m;o cifü0rf;ajrmufaew,f/ Nird o f uf aew,f/ tajctaeukd rMunfh bJ ocifa,½Iudk aphaphah jrmfMunfh cJhwJh ayw½k[m bk&m;&Sif&JUtHhMo zG,w f efc;dk awmfeu YJ ,fwifraI Mumifh axmifxJu vGwfcJhw,f/ cspfaomrdwfaqG? oifht oufwmü b,fvkdtcuftcJrsKd; ukd MuHKawGUae&ygovJ/ avmu BuD;xJü jyóem? tcuftcJESifh uif;aomol wpfpw kH pfO;D rQ r&Syd g/ jyóem? tcuftcJMuKH &wJv h cl si;f twlwl rdwaf qGbmukd tm½kjH yKNy;D touf&iS af eygovJ/ jyóemt cuftcJukdyJ aphaphMunfNyD; pOf; pm;aeygovm;/ jyóemtcuf tcJuydk J tm½Hpk u dk af e&if rdwaf qG b,fvkdrS 0rf;rajrmufEkdifrSm r [kwo f vk?d jyóemtcuftcJrsm; vnf; ajyvnfoGm;rSm r[kwfyg bl;/ tajctaeu b,favmuf qk;d aeonf[k jrifae&ygap ocif a,½Iukdom aphaphajrmfMunfhí ukd,fawmf&Sifukdom trSDjyKukd;

page 11

pm; yg/ uk, d af wmfonf tHMh ozG,f emr&Sdaomt&Sif? wefckd;BuD;aom bk&m;&Sijf zpfawmfrí l oifMuKH awGU ae&aom? oifrajz&Sif;Ekdifonfh

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,aeY rsuaf rSmufacwft csdefumvonf rdwfaqGaumif;? rdwfaqGppf txl;vkdtyfaomt csdefjzpfonf/ urÇmrD;avmifom; aumifcseif;[k a&S;vlMuD;rsm;qkd aom pum;rSefonf[kqdk&rnf/ armifESrom;csif;rsm;yif wpfOD; ESifhwpfOD; pdwfrcs&aomtcsdef? rdb'ku©a&mufvnf; *&krpdkuf? om; =orD;'ku©a&mufvnf; *&kr pdkufaom umvjzpfjyD; tjcm;ol twGuf rpOf;pm;? ud, k t hf wGuo f m udk,fpOf;pm;í EIwfuywfawmf azmfjyonfhtwkdif; udk,fudkukd,f cspaf omolrsm;aom tcsed u f mv jzpfonf/ xkt d jzpftysurf sm;onf EIwfuywfawmfrSefaMumif; ouf aorsm;jzpfonf/ xkdokdY ygwf0ef; usiftajctae qkd;trsKd;rsKd;&Sd aeaomfvnf; uREfkyfwkdYtwGuf owif;aumif;&Sdygonf/ bk&m; ociftm;jzihf vHkjcHKEkdifonf/ jidrf oufEidk o f nf/ tHMh obG,f xl;jcm; aom oufaorsm;udk uREkfyfwkdY cHpm;Ekid Mf uygonf/ rsuaf ph&dS vsuf rjrif? em;&Sdaeygvsuf rMum;Mu aom olrsm;pGm&Sad eMuonft h csed f umvü uREkfyfwkdYonf rSefuefpGm jrifwwf? Mum;wwfaomolrsm; jzpfMuzkdY vkdygonf/

,HkMunfjcif;jzihf tpjyKaom tmjAH wrefawmfMuD; &Sifaygvk u rdrdonf tcsdefrawmfrwef bG m ;aomol uJ h o k d Y j zpf a Mumif ; qkdcJhygonf/ okdYaomf aygvktm; bk&m;ocifu tHhMobG,f xl;jcm; aomoufaorsm;pGmudk awGYjrif cHpm;apcJyh gonf/ uREyfk w f t Ydk ouf wmü bk&m;ocif\oufaoonf tvGefta&;MuD;ygonf/ ]]xkdYaMumifhþrQavmuf rsm;pG m aom ouf a otaygif ; wk d Y o nf igwk d Y u d k 0 ef ; &H v suf & S d Muonf j zpf í ? igwk d Y o nf cyf odrf;aom0efwkdYudk4if;? aESmuf ,S u f w wf a om 'k p &k d u f u d k 4 if ; y,f & S m ;í? igwk d Y r suf a rS m uf üxm;aom yef ; wH k ; wk d i f o k d Y a&muf j cif ; iS m ? tm;ravsmh b J ajy;Muuk e f t H h } } (a[jAJ 12;1)/ ygwf0ef;usif\tajct aeESifh zdtm;rsm;aMumifh uREkfyfwkdY tm;avsmhcsifMuonf/ wpfpHkwpf ckudk&zkdY&ef qkawmif;NyD; tajz& zkdY&ef apmihfaeonf tcgrsKd;ü , cifu cHpm;cJ&h aombk&m;ocif\ rpjcif;oufao uGm[rIaMumihf ,HMk unfjcif;jzifh trSjD yKrI uGmwwf onf/xko d u Ydk mG [rIaMumifh vlonf pdwf"mwfuscsifwwfMuygonf/ uREkfyfwkdY ygwf0ef;usifü jzpfysuf

aMumif; tm;ay;a0iSvu dk yf gonf/

emrawmfjrwfü nDtpfudkOD;wifhatmif

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page 12

Mum;í ,HkMunfjcif;tm;jzifh rdrd aqGrsKd;om;csif;rsm;Mum;rS xGuf vmcJyh gonf/ xkt d mjAt H m; bk&m; ocifu vlrsKd;MuD;jzpfaprnf[k rdefYawmfrlygonf/ xkdtcsdefu tmjAH\,HkMunfjcif;onf bk&m; pum;udkvnf; ,HkMunfovkd o bm0ud k v nf ; ,H k M unf o l j zpf onf/ pm&monf tkjd y?D aoG;vnf; qHk;jyDjzpfonf/ xkdYaMumifh bk&m; ocifay;xm;aomOmPfukd toH;k jyKí om;&zkdY pDpOfonfhtwkdif; om;ud k & ygonf / xk d o m;onf *wdawmfESifhtnD? ,HkMunfjcif; tm;jzifh&aomom;r[kwf/ OmPf jzifh&aomom; jzpfonf/ ,aeY uREykf w f o Ydk nf owdjyKoifMh uonf rSm tajz&wkdif; ,HkMunfjcif;tm; jzifh&onf[k rqkdEkdifyg/ tcsKdUu rdrdwkdYOmPfESihfpDpOfvkyfaqmifjyD; tajz&Mujcif;jzpfonf/ ,aeY t rsm;u OmPfESifhvkyfí&jyD; csD; rGrf;aeMuonf/ OmPfESifh vkyfí &aomt&monf rMumrD 0rf;enf; &wwfygonf/ tmjA[Honf [m *&ES i f h o m;ud k & NyD ; rS r,m;ES p f a,muf roihfjzpfí rsm;pGmpdwf aomua&mufaMumif; awGY&yg onf/ wpfa,mufu uRef? wpf a,mufu vlvGwfjzpfjyD; xkdvl vGwf u tjrHKjzpfaeonf/ uRefr u om;bGm;jy;D vla&SUü rde;f rjrwf uJhokdYjzpfaeonf/ vlOmPfjzifh & aomom;tm;jzifh vltrsm;a&SUü tjrifwifhw,fjyD; csD;rGrf;p&mjzpf aomfvnf; xkdom;onf ,HkMunf jcif;tm;jzihf &aom om;r[kwf/ xkdtcsdefu tmjA[H\,HkMunf jcif;onf þtqifhrQom&Sdonf/ ,aeY trsm;olwkdYvnf; vlOmPf jzifh uGefYívkyfaqmifjyD; &vm aomt&mrsm;udk bk&m;ay;onf [k ajymwwfMuonf/

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onf *wdawmfEiS t hf nD apmifq h idk ;f jyD;rS&aomom; jzpfonf/ tmjA [Hü uav;ESpfa,muf&Sdonf/ £&SarvESifh £Zufjzpfonf/ xkd txJü £Zufonfom tmjA[H udk,fxJrSxGufaom *wdawmfESifh tnD & aom wpf a ,muf w nf ; aomom; jzpfygonf/ ]] oif o nf tvG e f c spf aomwpf a ,muf w nf ; aom om;£Zufudk ,lí...? oludk rD ; &d I U &m,Zf j yKí yl k a Zmf a vmh } } (u? 22;2)/ bk&m;ocifonf uREyfk w f Ydk udk oufaoxl&mü tpOfojzifh EIwu f ywfawmfEiS t hf nDom ouf aoxlygonf/ tmjA[Honf om; tm;yl a Zmf j cif ; onf rd r d v l r sKd ; aygufazmfrsm;xJu xGufptcsdef apmapmykdif;u r[kwfyg/ bk&m;

aom aumif;MuD;&zkdY tcsdefapmifh apjcif;jzpfonf/ bk&m;ocifonf uREk f y f w k d Y , H k M unf j cif ; MuD ; rm; vmzkdY&ef tawGYtMuHKESifh ouf aoukd cHpm;apjcif;tm;jzifh jyKpk vsuf &Syd gonf/ (4&m4)wGif ya&m zuftrsK;d om;\r,m;wpfa,muf onf {vd&SJxHokdY a&mufvmjyD; udk,f awmfuRef? uRefr\cifyGef; aoygjyD/ udk,fawmf\uRefonf xm0&bk&m;udk &kdaoaomoljzpf onfukd ud, k af wmfoyd g\/ ,ckrmS a
onf/ ]] {vd & S J u oG m ;avmh / td r f e D ; csif ; &S d o rQwk d Y w G i f vyf aomtk d ; wk d Y u d k iS m ;,l a vmh / rsm;pG m aomtk d ; wk d Y u d k iS m ;,l avmh } } (4&m4;3)/ {vd&SJonf rkqkd;rtm; tdrfeD;csif;wkdYxHrS &orQaom tkd; wkdYudkrsm;pGm iSm;,lapygonf/ xkd okdYiSm;,ljyD; tdrfa&mufvQif om; wkdYudkac:í wHcg;udkydwfjyD;rS iSm; ,laomtk;d rsm;xJoYdk qDukd avmif; xnfah pygonf/ xko d iYdk mS ;,laom tkd;rsm;xJokdY qDavmif;xnfhjyD; aemufxyfí xnfhp&m tkd;r&Sd aomtcg qDonfwefYvsuf &Sdyg onf/ tcsKUd aomolrsm;u ysi;f í tvkyfrvkyfvkdojzifh qkawmif; jyD; xkdifaeMuonf/ qkawmif;yg [k ajymonfhtcg awmif;jyD;jyD[k ajymMuonf/ bk&m;ocifonf qkawmif;jcif;udk enf;trsKd;rsKd; jzifh tajzay;jyD; ,HkMunfjcif;udk wkd;apzkdY vkyfaqmifygonf/ qk awmif;í tajz&ygu bk&m;o cifukd tjypfwifMuzkdY r[kwfyg/ tcsKdUaomolrsm;bk&m;udk pdwf aumufMuonf/ bk&m;udk pdwf aumufí r&ygu bk&m;vludk pdwfaumufMuonf/ rkqkd;rtm; bk&m;ocifu qkawmif;jy;D rpm; ckid ;f yg/ ,aeYc&pf,meftrsm;vkyf oifhonfudk rvkyfMu? qkawmif; pm;Muonf/ xkdokdYaomolrsm; o wdxm;MuzkdYvkdygonf/ qkawmif; í pm;Mu&if; olawmif;pm;uJhokdY aom b0rsKd;udk a&mufroGm;zkdY owdjyKoihyf gonf/ uREyfk w f o Ydk nf qkawmif;í bk&m;ocif\ tHhMo bG,o f ufaorsm;udck pH m;jy;D bk&m; ocif\bke;f udk aqmifaomolrsm; jzpfMuzkdYvkdygonf/ tcsKdUaomol

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rsm;u bke;f xif&mS ;zkYd rawmif;Mu bJ bk&m;ocifxHrS awmif; ovkd vdkESifh vlqDrSmwpfcsdefvHk;awmif; aejy;D xko d aYdk wmif;í &aomtpm udk pm;aomfvnf; t[m&rjzpf aomolrsm; rsm;pGm&SdMuygonf/

uREkfyfwkdYtoufwmü vl taeESifh rnfokdYrQ rwwfEkdifí bk&m;ocif\rprIudk awmif;cH vsuf arwåmESifhrpjcif;aus;Zl;udk cHpm;jcif;wnf;[laom aus;Zl; r*Fvmoufaoudk cHpm;Mu&ovk?d xkdrSwqifhwufí vkyfoihfaom tvkyfudk emcHjcif;tm;jzifh vkyf aqmifí xkdufwefaom aumif; Mu;D r*Fvmudk cHpm;aomolrsm;jzpf zkYd tm;xkwo f ifyh gonf/ avmuü aumif;MuD;r*Fvmudk cHpm;&onfh tcgüvnf; avmuDOpömb@m wkd;yGm;zkdY okdrSD;pkaqmif;onfxuf oH a cs;yd k ; &G rzsuf q D ; Ek d i f a om aumif;uifb@mudk okrd ;DS wwfMu zkdY vkdygonf/ ,HkMunfjcif;oHk;rsKd; &Sdygonf/ Eke,faomt&G,fü vkd tyfrIaMumifh awmif;onfhtcg csufjcif;&onfhtcg &Sdygonf/ 'kw, d tqifu h ud, k af wmfvrf;jy

onfhtwkdif; opömESifhemcHí vkyf aqmifzjYdk zpfonf/ xko d v Ydk yk af qmif jcif;tm;jzifh bk&m;ocif\rprIukd cHpm;&vsuf udk,fawmf\bkef;udk xif&Sm;apaom toufwmjzpf onf/ aemufqHk;u aumif;MuD; r*FvmcHpm;MuzkdY&ef toufwmü bk&m;ocifESifhtwl avQmufyg/ xkdokdYavQmufMuygu toufwm \u@wkdif;ü tHhMobG,f ouf aotrsKd;rsKd;ukd cHpm;&Mu&rnf jzpfonf/ ESv;kH om;u bk&m;&Siu f kd tm&Hjk yKjy;D tav;xm;touf&iS f ygu pdwfxm;rSefuefrIaMumifh qk yif rawmif;yJ &Muaomt&mrsm; vnf; &Sdwwfayonf/ nDtpfudk rsm;toif;awmfü wHcg;ydwfESifh wHcg;zGifh0g'[lí jcm;em;pGm &Sif oefrIESpfrsKd;udk awGY&onf/ wHcg; ydwf0g'udk cH,lusifhoHk;í vkduf avQmuf&mü qkyif rawmif;&yg/ qkawmif;p&mrvkd? bk&m;ocif tm;vHk;odjyD;jzpfonf/ bk&m;o cif rpvdrfhrnf/ ay;vdrhfrnf[k ,HkMunfMuonf/ xkdoGefoifrI onf rSeu f efygovm;/ rSeo f nft h &mvnf; &Syd gonf/ okaYd omf &mEIe;f jynfh rrSeyf g/ (4&m 4;8)wGif &Ieif jrKd Uü xif&mS ;í
onf &IeifjrdKUodkY oGm;&mvrf;wGif xkrd ed ;f ronf tpOfojzifh ac:zdwf í {vd & S J t m; auR;arG ; vsuf {nfh0wfjyKygonf/ £oa&vvl r[kwf? ,k'bmom0if r[kwfyg/ xkt d rsK;d orD;onf{vd&t JS m; bk&m; ocif\oefY&Sif;oljzpfaMumif;udk odvsuf auR;arG;&HkrQru {vd&SJ a&mufvmonfhtcg em;zkdY&ef t cef;udv k nf; jyifqifí xdt k cef;ü vdt k yfaompm;yJ?G xkid cf ?kH ckwifEiS hf rD;cHkwkdYudkvnf; xm;ay;ygonf/ xkdokdYjyKí {vd&SJonf xkdrdef;r tm;jyefí aus;Zl;jyKvkdaomiSm oifübmvkdtyfoenf;[k ar; vQif bmrQrvkdtyfyg[k jyefíqkd ygonf/ xkdrdef;ru {vd&SJtm; aus;Zl;jyKaejcif;onf wpfpw kH pfck udk jyefí&vk?d cHpm;vkad omaMumifh jyKaejcif; r[kwfyg/ xkdtcg {vd &Su J rdru d Reaf *[mZdtm; xdrk ed ;f r ü tb,fojYdk yKay;zkv Yd rdk nfenf;[k ar;vQif olüom;orD;r&Sd? ol\ cifyGef;onf tkdvSjyD[kqkdygonf/ xkdtcg {vd&SJonf xkd&IeifjrdKUol udkac:í aemifESpftcsdefaphaom tcg oifonf om;udk buf,rf;& vdrrhf nf[k qkyd gonf/ bk&m;&Si\ f vlqkdonfhtwkdif; &IeifjrdKYol rdef; ronf csdef;csufaomtcsdefaph

]] oif o nf t{r[k w f ? tylr[kwfonfudk igod\/ { jcif ; jzpf a p? yl j cif ; jzpf a p? w ckckudk igtvkd&Sd\/ xkdokdY t{ r[k w f ? tyl r [k w f ? aEG ; &H k & S d aomaMumif h ig\cH w G i f ; onf oif h u d k axG ; vk j yD / } }

(Asm? 3;15-16) bk&m;ocifonf uREkfyf wkYd ,HMk unforl sm;twGuf touf wmü yljcif;jzpfap? at;jcif;jzpfap wckcu k kd tvk&d ydS gonf/ tylvnf; r[kwf t{vnf;r[kwo f nfh aEG; ½Hkom&Sdonfh toufwmrsKd;udk t

vkrd &Syd g/ ylvQif cs;D rGr;f zkYd jzpfonf/ toufwm{aeygu owdxm;í qifjcifoifo h nf/ aEG;½Ho k m&Syd gu owdjyKoifhonf/ taMumif;rSm bk&m;&Sifu oifhudk axG;xkwfvk íjzpfonf/ or®musr;f pmavhvm ol ynm&Sifrsm;u Asm'dwf(2)ESifh

qkrawmif;aomfvnf; &MuonfrSm

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emrawmfjrwfü tkwfrm

(3)ü azmfjyxm;onft h oif;awmf ckEpS yf g;onf toif;awmf\acwf umvckepfESpfudk yHkaqmifjcif;jzpf onf[k azmfjyMuonf/ {zufjrdKU toif;awmfonf toif;awmf tpOD;wrefawmfwaYdk cwf toif; awmftajctaeudk azmfjyjcif;jzpf

page 14

jy;D ? zdava'vzdtoif;awmfum; (19)&mpktoif;awmf tajctae udk azmfjyjcif; jzpfonf/ xkdtcsdef u wpfurÇmvHk;ü Ekd;xrIMuD;jzpf ay:aomtcsdefjzpfjyD; csD;rGrf;jcif; udkom awGY&onf/ pHkvifaom acwfumvtajctae[k qkdEkdif onf/ avm'dudtoif;awmfum; aemufqHk;aomumv (20)&mpk toif;awmftajctaeudk azmfjy jcif;jzpfonf[k qkdEkdifjyD; ,aeY toif;awmf\tm;enf;csuw f u Ydk kd axmufjyaejcif; jzpfonf/ ,aeY toif;awmfacwfumv ukefqHk; onfhtcg aumif;uifwHcg;zGifhjyD; csDaqmifjcif;umvokdY a&muf&Sd rnfjzpfaMumif;(Asm 4;1)wGif azmf jyxm;ygonf/

qkwfroGm;bJ udk,fawmfudk t oufwmxJü cH,lvkdufjcif;wnf; [laom pm;vkdufaomolrsm;jzpf MuzkYd ud, k af wmf&iS f tvkad wmf&ydS g onf/ ocifc&pfawmfu rdro d nf aumif;uifrSqif;oufaom t oufrek jYf zpfaMumif;? þrkeu Yf kd pm; aomolonf tpOfrjywf touf &SifvdrfhrnfjzpfaMumif; (a,m? 6; 50-51)wGif azmfjyxm;ygonf/ tpm;taomufwckudk jrnf;prf;

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xkdt&mrsm;onf uREkfyfwkdYudk us qif;apaomt&mrsm;jzpfygonf/ xkdokdYaom tajctaeü &Sdygu bk&m;ocifonf uREkfyfwkdYudk r awG;vdkaomfvnf; axG;vkaom tajcü&SdaeaMumif; owdjyKoifh ygonf/ uREyfk w f t Ydk oufwmü xkd okdYaom tajctaeü&Sdaeygu ,ckyif aemifwESihf toufwmudk jyifqifoifhygonf/ bk&m;ocif a&SUü aemufusonf[lí r&Sdyg/ yl a omtouf w mud k jyef v nf a&muf&SdzkdY&ef bk&m;ocifbufokdY vSnfhí ESpfoufawmfrlaomt oufwmü usifvnfjcif;tm;jzifh rdwfo[m,zJGYzkdY vkdygonf/

jcif;onf vQmESifh t&omcHjcif; jzpfjyD;? aumif;rSef;odí ESpfouf ygu cHwGif;twGif;odkY 0ifatmif pm;vku d o f uJo h Ydk ud, k af wmfukd pm; aomufzkdY vkdygonf/ udk,fawmf onf uREyfk w f \ Ydk pdwEf v S ;kH wHcg;a&SU wGif &yfí acgufvQuf aeygonf/ ukd,fawmf\ wHcg;acgufoHudk Mum;aomolonf pdwEf v S ;kH wHcg; udk zGií hf ESv;kH om;twGi;f ü ud, k f awmfukd ae&may;jcif;tm;jzifh t oufwmxJü cH,lMuzkdY&ef jzpfyg onf/ (Asm?3;20) xko d Ydk ud, k af wmf udk toufwmxJü cH,lí ae&m ay;vkdufjcif;onf udk,fawmfudk pm;jcif;jzpfygonf/ xko d o l nf aEG; ½Hrk Qom&Sad omolr[kwb f J ylaom pm&if;xJü yg0ifoGm;aomoljzpf onf/

ajymcJah omfvnf; ,ck rajymawmh/ tm; aysmhoGm;jyDjzpfonf/ wzef yljyD;om; a&udk a&at;ESifh a&m aESmvku d yf gu xkad &onf aEG;oGm; rnfjzpfonf/ tcsKdUaomolrsm; onf c&pfawmfudk &cgpu wuf
ylaeaoma&onf tkd;t wGif;ü qlyGufaejyD; toHMum;& onf/ ylaeaom a&ESifhxdorQ aomt&mwkdYonf usufoGm;rnf jzpfonf/ xkdtwlyif 0dnmOfa&; &mykdif;üylaeygu xdkolESifhxdawGY aomol rnforl QrcHEidk yf g/ xdawGY aomolreS o f rQ toufwmajymif; vJoGm;rnfjzpfonf/ 0dnmOfüyl avmifjcif;wnf;[laom cHpm;csuf jyif;jyol? bk&m;twGufpdwftm; Bu;D olonf vlrsm;pGmudk ajymif;vJ apygonf/ arma&Sonf touf t&G,fMuD;aomtcg tJ*kwåKjynf zma&mbk&iforD;\om;[k ac: a0: cH&rnfhtcGifhESifh tJ*kwåKjynf \ pnf;pdrfcHpm;&rnfhtcGifhudk & Ekid af omfvnf; ra&G;cs,b f J bk&m; ocif\vlwkdYESifhtwl nOf;qJcH& jcif;udk omítvkd&SdjyD; a&G;cs,f cJhygonf/ arma&Sonf tjypf&Sd aomumr*kPfudk cHpm;jcif;xuf c&pfawmfaMumifh uJh&JUcH&jcif; onf omíjrwfaom pnf;pdrjf zpf onf[k aemuf&vwHaå omtusK;d

page 15

udk axmufpmajr§mfvifhjyD; bk&m; ocif tvkdawmf&Sdaomt&mudk a&G;cs,fcJhygonf/ arma&S þrQ avmuf bk&m;ocifbufü pdwf tm;Mu;D vmjcif;onf olUudk Munfh &IjyKpkoGefoif xdef;ausmif;vmcJh aom rdcifaMumifjh zpfonf/ or®m usr;f pmuarma&S\rdciftaMumif; xif&mS ;pGm azmfjyrxm;aomfvnf; arma&S\ rSefaomt&mudk a&G; cs,frIudk Munfhjcif;tm;jzifh ol\ rdcifonf arma&Svrf;vJGjyD; udk; uG,rf I rSm;,Gi;f rnfukd pd;k &draf om pdwfrnfrQ ylavmifjyif;jyaMumif; odEkdifygonf/ xkdylavmifjyif;jy aompdwfESvHk;ESifh arma&Stm; t zk d ; tcay;í yH k o G i f ; oG e f o if r I aMumifh arma&Sonf ,HkMunfjcif; tm;Mu;D jy;D bk&m;ocifukd a&G;cs,f cJjh cif;jzpfonf/ rdcifrsm;onf aEG; ½Hkom toufwmü&Sdygu om;o rD;rsm;onf bmrQjzpfvmMurnf r[kwf/ om;orD;rsm;onfvnf; bk&m;ocifbufü pdwftm;MuD; Murnfr[kwyf g/ rdcifrsm;touf wmü ylzv Ydk ykd gonf/ okrYd o S m om; orD;rsm;udk bk&m;ocif\tvkd awmfESifhtnD yHkoGif;í &Ekdifrnf jzpfonf/

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awmif ; ouJ h o k d Y {owmonf vnf; rdrt d eD;ü cpm;aom uRerf rsm;ESifhtwlwuG tpma&Smifqk awmif;ygonf/ ({owm4;15)xkYd twl uREkfyfwkdYonf rdom;pkrsm; ESifhtwl teD;&Sdvlrsm;ESifhtwlw uG qk a wmif ; Ek d i f M uygovm;/ uREkfyfwkdY\ bk&m;ociftay:ü xm;&Sad om pdwt f m;jyif;jyrIu ol wkEYd v S ;kH om;udk xdawGcY pH m;Ekid yf g\ avm/ bk&m;ocifxüH qkawmif; Muygu xkdokdYjzpfEkdifygonf/ EIwf uywfawmfudk cH,lESvHk;oGif;í qifjcifvQuf 0dnmOftoufwm udk ylvmap&ef jyKekdifMuygonf/ {armufvrf;ü wynfhawmfESpf a,mufonf udk,fawmfESifhtwl c&D;oGm;aomfvnf; ud, k af wmfreS ;f rodMuyg/ aemufqHk;pm;yJGwGif avsmif;pOf rkefYudk,lí aus;Zl; awmfcsD;rGrf;jyD; rkefYudkzJhíay;onfh tcgrS udk,fawmfjzpfrSef;udk olwkdY odMuygonf/ xkdtcsdefa&mufrS vrf;ü twlomG ;pOf ud, k af wmfu usrf;pmawmf\ teufudk zGifhjy onft h cg rdrw d pYdk w d Ef v S ;kH onf ,dk zdwrf wwfjzpfonf r[kwaf vm[k tcsif;csif;ajymqkdMuygonf/ xkd twl EIwfuywfawmfudk uREkfyf wkdYqkawmif;jcif;tm;jzifh zwf&I qifjcifonft h cg EIwu f ywfawmf tm;jzifh bk&m;ocif pum;ajym onfudk cHpm;Ny;D pdwEf v S ;kH ü ,kzd w d f aomtawGYtMuHKudk cHpm;zl;ygo vm;/ xkdokdYcHpm;&ygu pdwfESvHk; onf ylvmrnfjzpfonf/ arma&S uJo h Ydk bk&m;ocifa&SUawmfoYdk vm

Beauty Salon MARK 11:22

Aye Aye Than @ Ma Nge

008,Bayintnaung Tower, Kamayut Township,Yangon, Myanmar. E-mail : [email protected]

(95-1) 538437 (95-9) 5018586

SUN CLOSED

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