2009 08myanmarpp

taxmuftuljyK-vpOfxkwfpmapmif twJG (11)? trSwf(8)? toif;awmftwGif; uefUowfxkwfa0onf/ Mo*kwfv? 2009ckESpf/

yifawukawåaeYESihf yif awukawåtusKd;onf "r®opf umvü oP²mefay:vmcJjh cif;jzpf aomfvnf; xkdtaMumif;t&mudk "r®a[mif;umvü t&dyt f aeESifh azmfjyjyD;jzpfonf/ "r®opfumv ü uREyfk w f Ydk taumiftxnftae ESifh jrifawGYcHpm;&aomt&mrsm; onf "r®a[mif;umvü t&dyf taeESifh MudKwiftoday;xm;jyD; jzpfonf/ xkdt&monf bk&m;o cif\ tMuHtpnfawmfjzpfonf/ (wref?1;8)wGif ocifc&pfawmf u ]]oifwkdYonf ig\oufao jzpf M uvd r f h r nf } } [k a zmf j yxm; onf/ udk,fawmfu ightaMumif; avQmuf oufaocHyg[k rajymyg/ ,aeY uk d , f a wmf t aMumif ; ud k oufaocHjcif;ESifh ukd,fawmfjyK aom tusK;d udck pH m;jy;D rS oufao cHjcif;u rsm;pGmuGmjcm;ygonf/ yifawukawåoufaoESihf cHpm; rI tawmfMumMum aysmufomG ;jy;D aemuf toif;awmfrsm;ü avm uDyHkoP²mef aqmifvmMuonf/ xkdtcsdefü 0g'trsm;ay:vmjyD; *kdPf;*ersm;pGmvnf; ay:xGuf vmcJhonf/ *dkPf;[lonf 0g't ay:tajcwnfjyD; ay:vmcJhjcif;

jzpfonf/ yifawukawå\ wefc;kd ESihf oufaoudkcHpm;í oGm;vm aeygu *kdPf;[lír&Sdyg/ "r®opf toif;awmf tpueOD;umvu ,HMk unforl sm;onf aumif;uifrS wefcdk;udk cHpm;&jcif;\ oufao ESifhwuG tcsif;csif;rdwfo[m, jyKcJhMuygonf/ ocifa,&Iu igh toif;awmfudk igwnfaqmuf rnf[k rdeaYf wmfryl gonf/ ,HMk unf

aumif;uifrSwefcdk;udk cH&zkdY

olrsm;onf bk&m;ocif\ *wd awmfEiS t hf nD aumif;uifrw S efc;kd udk ocifa,½I &Sifjyefxajrmuf awmfrlí aumif;uifokdY wuf
jzpfygonf/ ,aeYavmuü vlt rsm;u ynmudktav;xm;azG&Sm Muonf/ynmonf avmuDu@ ü twkdif;twmwpfckxd tusKd; jzpfapygonf/ okaYd omf xkyd nmu uRekfyfwkdYtwGuf bk&m;&Sifxuf

þavmuMuD;xJü bk&m; ocif\ yifawukawåoufao udk cHpm;ae&aomoltrsm; &SdMu onf/ 1931 ckESpf0ef;usifwGif 0dnmOfawmf\vkyaf qmifraI Mumifh yifawukawåoufaoudkcHpm;jyD;? toif;awmfrsm; Ek;d xvmMuonf/ xk d y if a wuk a wå o uf a oonf aumif;uifrSwefcdk;udk cHpm;&jcif;

tav;xm;p&mjzpfjyD; ½kyfwkjzpf oGm;ygu toufwmü r*Fvmr jzpfyg/ ynmaMumifh uReyfk w f o Ydk nf atmif j rif o nf / ynmaMumif h pm;&onf/ bk&m;ocifae&mü ynmtpm;0ifvmygu xkdt&m onf &kyfwkjzpfonf/ a&m*ga0' emcHpm;&onfhtcg bk&m;&Sifudk udk;pm;&rnfhtpm; aq;udktm; ud;k Muonf/ 'Daq;r&&if rdrad o rnf[q k ydk gu aq;onf&yk w f jk zpf oGm; onf/ ,aeYa&m*g jyif;xef ojzifh q&m0efrwwfEkdifaomf vnf;qkawmif;jcif;jzifh aoab; rS vTwfoGm;Muolrsm;pGm &SdMuyg onf/ xkdt&monf yifawuk awåoufaoudk cHpm;&jcif;jzpf onf/ a&m*gaysmufomG ;jcif;onf aumi;fuifrS wefcdk;udkcHpm;jcif; jzpfonf/ ,HMk unfo[ l ak c:qkjd y;D rS bk&m;ocif&iS o f efaeaom ouf aoudk toufwmü rcHpm;&ygu 0rf;enf;p&m aumif;ygonf/ ]]oifwkdYtay:okdY oefY &Sif;aom0dnmOfawmfqif;ouf aomtcg? oif w k d Y o nf w ef c d k ; ud k cH & í a,&k & S v if j rd K UrS p aom,k'jynf? &Srm&djynf? ajr MuD ; pG e f ; wk d i f a tmif ig\ouf

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aojzpfMuvdrfhrnf[k rdefYawmf rl \ }} (wref? 1;8)/ ocifc&pfawmf &Sijf yefx ajrmufjyD;aemuf &ufaygif;ig; q,fjynfch sed f yifawukawåyaGJ eY ü aumif;uifrSwefcdk;onf qif; ouf v mjyD ; wynf h a wmf w k d Y t ay:ü oufa&mufvmonfhtcg oufaotaeESifh trsKd;rsKd;aom bmompum;tm;jzifh a[majym Muonf/ xkdtcg a,&k&SvifjrdKUü pka0;aeMuaom vltrsKd;rsKd;wkdY onf rdrw d b Ydk mompum;jzihf Mum; í em;vnf M uonf / xk d o k d Y v l trsKd;rsKd;wkdYtm; rdrdwkdYbmom pum;tm;jzih f Mum;apjcif ; rS m aumif;uifwefc;kd \ vkyaf qmifrI yifjzpfonf/ yifawukawåouf aoudk cHpm;xm;aomolrsm;tm; jzifh wqifhqufí tjcm;olrsm; xkdoufaocHpm;zkdY bk&m;ocift vdkawmf &dSygonf/ udk,fawmf\ oufaoudk a,&k&SvifjrdKUrSpjyD; ,k'jynf? &Srm&djynfrSwqifh ajr MuD;pGef;wkdifatmif jyefYESHUoGm;zkdY jzpfonf/ þavmuü yifawuk awåc&pf,mef[lonfr&Sd? yifaw ukawåoufaoudkcHpm;jyD;rSxkduf aoudkxlaom c&pf,mefom&Sdyg onf/

*wdawmfudk iHhvifhaeaomolrsm;om yifawukawåoufaoudk rnfolwkdY cHpm;Muoenf;/ ]] yif a wuk a wå y J G a eY a&mufaomtcg xkdoltaygif; wk d Y o nf wnD w nG w f w nf ; pnf ; a0;í aeMu\}} (wref 2;1)/ xdktcsdefumvu a,½k

&SvifjrdKUü ,HkMunfolrsm;pGm &SdMu onf/ okaYd omf wpfO;D wpfa,muf rS yifawukawåoufaoudk rcH pm;Mu&ao;yg/ yifawukawåyJG aeYü wynfhawmfwpf&m ESpfq,f wkdYonf bk&m;ocif\uwdawmf

qufuyfír[kwf? *wdawmfudk ,Hkí em;axmifjyD; iHhvifholwkdif; cHpm;&jcif;yif jzpfonf/ aumif; uifwefcdk;oufaojzpfonfh rD; vQm rdrdtay:ü oufa&mufae onfukd um,uH&iS u f rawG&Y yg/

udk cHpm;zkw Yd nDwnGww f nf; pnf; a0;í aeMuygonf/ xkdtcsdefu ukd,fawmf\pum;udk Mum;bl; aomolrsm;pGm &Syd gonf/ okaYd omf *wdawmfjynfhpHkzkdY tm&HkpdkufjyD; iHh vifhaeaomolrSm vlwpf&mESpf q,fom &Sdygonf/ xkdokdY apmifh qkid ;f aeaomolrsm;om *wdawmf jynfhpHkjcif;\r*Fvmudk cHpm;Mu& ygonf/ wynfah wmfrsm;*wdawmf udk iHhvifhí apmifhqkdif;aecsdefwGif avjyif;rkefwkdif;uJhokdYaom toH onf aumif;uifrv S mí xko d w l Ydk aeaomtdru f kd jznfah vonf/ xkd cPcsif;wGif aumif;uifwefcdk; \oufaoonf rD;vQmuJo h Ydk xif &Sm;í xkdoltoD;oD;wkdYtay:ü wnfaeygonf/ bk&m;ocif\ *wdawmfukd iHv h ifah eolwidk ;f onf aumif;uifwefcdk;\oufaoudk jcm;em;jcif;r&Sd cHpm;Mu&ygonf/ bk&m;ocifonf rnfolYudkrQrsuf ESmrvkdufyg/ ydkawmfír[kwf? ydk

tjcm;aomolu awGYjrif&onf/ yifawukawåoufao cHpm;&ol tcsi;f csi;f u tjyeftvSeaf wGjY rif Mu&onf/ xku d o hJ Ydk yifawukawå oufaojzpfonfh aumif;uifrS wefcdk;udk cH&olrsm;tm; 0dnmOf awmfu a[majym&aomtcGiu fh kd ay;onfhtwkdif; wynfhawmfwkdY onf trsKd;rsKd;aombmompum; jzihf a[majymMuonfhtcg a,&k &SvifjrdKUü pka0;aeaomoltoD; oD;wkdYonf rdrdwkdY bmompum; jzihf a[majymonfudkMum;í em; vnf M uygonf / xk d t &monf oefY&Sif;aom 0dnmOfawmf\vkyf aqmifrIjzpfonf/ yifawukawå wefckd;onf uREkfyfwkdY,Hkonfjzpf ap? r,Hkonfjzpfap? oufaocH pm;onfjzpfap? rcHpm;onfjzpf ap ajymif;vJroGm;yg/ ]]vlrnfonfum; c&pf awmf ü &S d v Qif topf j yKjyif aomowå 0 gjzpf \ / a[mif ;

aomt&mwk d Y o nf ajymif ; vJ í cyf o d r f ; aomt&mwk d Y o nf topf j zpf M u\/xk d o k d Y j zpf a om bk & m;ocif \ wef c d k ; awmf t m; jzif h jzpf M u\}} (2aum? 5;17-18) vlonf c&pfawmfukd ,Hk Munfí c&pfawmfü &Sdvmonfh tcg owå0gopfjzpfvmygonf/ xkdol vlopfjzpfí ajymif;vJvm jcif;onf bk&m;ocif\ wefcdk; awmftm;jzifhjzpfygonf/ xkdwef ckd;awmfonf aumif;uifrSwefcdk; jzpfonf/ vlwpfOD;onf c&pf awmfudk ,HkMunfvufcHonfhtcg xkdoltm; oefY&Sif;aom0dnmOf awmfu c&pfawmf\udk,fxJokdY oGif;ay;vkdufygonf/ (1aum? 12;13) xkdtrIonf 0dnmOfawmf \vkyfaqmifrIjzpfonf/

,HkMunfol\ oabmobm0 avmuMu;D xJüc&pf ,mef [k ac:qkdjyD;rS avmuom;xuf omí qkd;aomolrsm;&SdMuonf/ tcsKdUu t&ufukd rjzwfEkdifMu? wtm;rl;atmif aomufwwfMu onf/ tcsKdUu rl;,pfaq;udk r jzwfEidk Mf u/ tcsKUd tvky&f iS rf sm;u c&pf,mef0efxrf;cefYzkdY&ef tvGef aMumufMuonf/ xkdolrsm;onf yifawukawåwefcdk;ESifh oufao udk rcHpm;Mu&ao;aomolrsm; jzpfMuonf/ avmuvlom;wkdif; onf obm0xufvGefuJaom aumif;uifrS wefckd;ESihf oufao ukd jrifawGYcHpm;EkdifzkdY&ef bk&m; ocif tvkdawmf&Sdygonf/ xkdokdY cHpm;EkdifzkdY&ef yifawukawåouf aoudk cHpm;xm;&aomolrsm;u wqifh oufaoxlMuzkv Yd ydk gonf/

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avmuom;rsm;u vlvyk &f if bm rqkdjzpfEkdifonf[k qkdMuonf/ okdYaomf vkyfwkdif;r&Muonfrsm; vnf;&Sdygonf/ xkdokdY r&Muonf rSm tb,faMumifhenf;/ uHMudK; uGi;f qufaMumifh jzpfonf/ uREyfk f wkdY\uHa
cg wpfpw k pfa0;wnf;aecsiaf om oabm&dSvmygonf/ ,HkMunfol onf ZmwdzufvmNyD; rdrdtwåudk OD;pm;ay;vmonfhtcg [kdvlESifh raygif;csi?f 'DvEl iS rfh aygif;csif jzpf

aomfvnf; tpdk;&0efxrf;b0ü &Sv d Qiv f nf; tvkyrf xGub f J EIwf uywfawmftwkdif; &Sdonfhae&m ü tvif;vif;í touf&SifMu onf/ xkdYaMumifh bk&m;&Sifu csD;

vmwwfygonf/ xkaYd Mumifh bk&m; ocifu EIwfuywfawmfü vGef usLK;pGm rrkdufESihf? vGefusL;pGm r ajzmifhrwfESifh[k qkdxm;ygonf/ ,HkMunfoljzpfvmonfhtcg c&pf awmf ü nD t pf u d k a rmif E S r rsm; jzpfonf[k oefY&Sif;aom0dnmOf awmfu azmfjyygonf/ wrefawmf wkYd tcsed u f mvu ypön;f Opöm&So d l rsm;u xkyd pön;f rsm;udk a&mif;csjy;D vlrsm;qif;&Jonfhtwkdif; a0iS ay;Muí twlwuG oH;k aqmifMu ygonf/ xkdoufaou nDtpfudk tcsif;csif;cspfí &SifoefMuaom arwåmoufaojzpfonf/ tcsKUd u tvJG,lMuonf/ nDtpfudkrsm; toif;awmfü ygvkdvQif avmu ESihf tqufjzwf&rnf/ tpkd;&t vkyx f u G ?f pD;yGm;a&;rvky&f ponf jzih f abmif c wf M uaomol r sm; vnf; &SdMuonf/ okdYaomf EIwf uywfawmfukd rSeu f efpmG oGeo f if í cH,lcsufrSefuefaomolrsm;u nDtpfudkrsm;toif;awmfü &SdMu

ajr§mufí &mxl;wkd;jyD;vcvnf; aumif;Muonf/ tcsKdUu pD;yGm; a&; qufvyk Mf uonf/ EIwu f ywf awmfESifhtnD jyKMuí bk&m;u aumif;MuD;ay;ojzihf pD;yGm;wuf jyD; &aomaumi;fMuD;ESihf jyefí ay;vSLyg0ifEkdifMuonf/ ay;vSL yg0if&müvnf; bk&m;ocifay; ckdif;aomol? ay;ckdif;aomae&m udkodjyD; ay;vSLyg0ifwwfzkdYvkd

ygonf/ yifawukawåoufao ESihf wefc;kd udck pH m;Mu&aom wref awmfwkdYonf rsm;pGmaomedrdwf vu©PmESihf tHhMozG,faomtrI wkdYudk jyKMuojzihf xkdoufao udkjrifaomaMumifh vltaygif;wkdY onf aMumufvefjY cif; &SMd uonf/ ,aeYwiG f yifawukawåoufao enf;aeMuojzihf ,HkMunfolwkdY\ touf&SifrIu at;pufaeMujyD; avmuDom;trsm;u bk&m;ocif udk aMumuf&GHUjcif; r&SdMuay/ xkdY aMumihf ,aeY uREfkyfwkdYtouf wmrsm;ü yifawukawåaeY\t aMumif;udkom pOf;pm;qifjcifae onf x uf yif a wuk a wå o uf aoESifhwefcdk;udk cHpm;EkdifMuzkdY&ef tav;*½kkjyK touf&SifMuzkdY&ef arwåmESifh wkdufwGef;a0iSvkdufyg onf/

emrawmfjrwfü nDtpfuBkd uD;DrwifarmifxeG ;f

pmrlrsm;zdwfac:jcif; 2010ckEpS f Mo*kwv f (18)&ufaeYwiG f usa&mufrnfh uReaf wmf rsm; jyifOD;vGifNrdKU {AaeZnDtpfukdrsm;toif;awmf\25ESpfjynfh aus;Zl;awmfcs;D rGr;f jcif;yGJ txdr;f trSwt f jzpf r*¾Zif;xkwaf 0rnfjzpf ygí a'oEåm&toif;awmftoD;oD;rS oif;tkyfq&mrsm;ESifh nDtpf ukad rmifErS rsm;taejzifh 0dnmOfa&;&mpmrlrsm; yg0ifa&;om;ulnMD u yg&ef ocifc&pfawmf\ emrawmfjrwfü zdwfac:tyfygonf/ pmrlay;ykdY&efvdyfpm- zkef;aemf nDtpfukdrsm;toif;awmf ik0gvrf;oG,f? taemf&xmvrf;? ½Gmopfvrf;? &uu (7)? jyifOD;vGifNrdKU? rEåav;wkdif;/

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bmoma&; jyu©'deft& ,aeYukd tudik ;f tcufrsm;aeY? pGef yvGefcufrsm;aeY[k ac:ygonf/ vGecf ahJ om ESpaf ygif;ESpaf xmifcefY u ,ckvdktcsdefrsKd;udk jyefí qif jcifpOf;pm;onfhtcg ocifa,½I c&pfonf vlom;rsm;udk tjypfrS a&G;EIwu f ,fwifz&Ydk ef avmuMu;D okdY
ya&mzufjyKcsuf jynhfpHkjcif; ]] xk d t aMumif ; t&m rl um;? oif\t&Sifrif;MuD;onf jrnf ; rES i f h j rnf ; uav;uk d p D ; í

El;nHh odrfarGYaompdwfESihf oif &S d & mok d Y
enf;pdwfysufraeESifh tvGef0rf; ajrmufavmh[k rdeaYf wmfryl gonf/ a,&Ic&pfonf þurÇmavmu okdY bk&iftaeESihf
>rufqkdcJhygonf/ ocifc&pfawmf udk ,HkMunfaomol\toufwm onf azmfjyí rukefEkdifavmuf atmif jyD;jynhfpHkaomtmrcHcsuf udk cHpm;&rnfjzpfonf/ c&pfawmf \
toufMuD;ol ESpfq,fav;yg;

trSefyif jynhfpHkcJhjyD jzpfonf/(Zm? 9;9) Zdtkefawmifonf a,&k&S vifjrdKUwnf&mjzpfjyD;? a,&k&Svif jrdKUü Adr®mefawmf&Sdonf/ Zmc&d ya&mzufjyKcsufü ZdtkefowkdYo rD;0rf;ajrmufavmh[k azmfjyyg&Sd ygonf/ xkdazmfjycsufu ,k'vl wkdYudkajymaejcif;jzpfonf/ xkdt csdefu ,k'vlwkdYonf &efolvuf ü&SdaejyD; pdwfysuf? 0rf;enf;p&m tajctaeü &Sdaeojzifh bk&m; ocifu rdrdvlrsKd;awmftm; 0rf;

jyefvnfodrf;ykdufonfrSm vuf eufEiS t hf mPmESirhf [kwyf g? arwåm ESifh jzpfygonf/ xkdbk&m;ocif\ arwåmu ESvHk;xJokdY 0ifa&muf vmonfhtcg ylyifaomu? pdwf ysupf &mrsm; tqH;k owfomG ;jyjD zpf onf/ ocifa,½Iu um;wkdifü trIjyD;jyD[k a
uReyfk w f t Ydk em*wfEiS hf ygwf oufí bk&m;ocif\ azmfjycsuf udk qufípOf;pm;vkyd gonf/ xkt d aMumif;t&mudk (Asm? 4)wGif azmf jyxm;ygonf/ xkdtcsdefü uRekfyf wkdY ,HkMunfolrsm;onf þavm uajrMuD;ay:ü r&Sdawmhyg/ ,Hk Munfoltaygif;onf bk&m;o cif\ xHawmfyg;ü a&muf&adS eMu jyjD zpfonf/ ]]xkdyv’if\ywf0ef;usif ü tjcm;aom yv’ i f E S p f q ,f av;yv’ i f & S d \ / xk d y v’ i f w k d Y t ay:ü touf M uD ; ol E S p f q ,f av;yg;wkdYonf jzLaomt0wf ud k 0 wf q if v suf ? acgif ; ay:ü

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a&To&zludk aqmif;vsuf xkdif aeMu\}} (Asm?4;4)/ yv’ifay:ü &Sdaomyk*d¾Kvf onf a,&Ic&pfawmfyif jzpfonf/ tjcm;aom yv’ifESpfq,fav; yv’iaf y:ütoufMu;D ol ESpq f ,f av;yg;onf rnf o l w k d Y e nf ; / bk&m;ocifukd ,HkMunfaom "r® a[mif; ,HMk unforl sm;ESifh "r®opf ,HMk unforl sm;udk ud, k pf m;jyKaom yk*d¾Kvfrsm;jzpfonf/ 24[laom ude;f *Pef;ESiq hf idk af om t"dygÜ ,f udk pOf;pm;vkdygonf/ 'g0d'frif; MuD;onf Adr®mefawmfudk wnf aqmufzkdY&ef jyifqif&mü av0d trsKd;om;rsm;u Adr®mefawmftrI udk aqmif&GufMuonf/ av0dt rsKd;om;rsm;u ta&twGuf rsm; vGe;f ojzifh 'g0d'o f nf olwu Ydk kd 24 pkcJGapjyD;rS wpftkyfpkvQif wpf a,mufpDa&G;apjyD; xkd24OD;om vQif tjcm;aomolrsm;ukd,fpm; Adr®mefawmfokdY 0ifítrIudkaqmif apygonf/ xkdokdY aqmif&Guf&m üvnf; wpfOD;vQifESpfygwfom aqmif&Guf&ygonf/ ,ck yv’if ay:üawG&Y aom toufMu;D olEpS f q,fhav;yg;wkdYonf rdwfaqGESifh uREyfk t f ygt0if ,HMk unforl sm;udk ud k , f p m;jyKol r sm; jzpf y gonf / yv’if24ckonf yv’ifMuD;udk ywf vnf 0 k d i f ; xm;jyD ; yv’ i f a y:&S d toufMuD;olrsm;onf o&zludk acgif;ay:ü aqmif;xm;ygonf/ ,HkMunfolrsm;&rnfh o&zl5rsKd; &Sdygonf/ trIawmfaqmifrsm;? oif;tkyfrsm;? c&pfawmftwGuf toufay;cJhMuolrsm; oufao cHaomolrsm;tm;vHk;onf c&pf awmfxaH wmfrS qkv'ftjzpfo&zl rsm;udk&Murnf jzpfonf/ avm

u touf&SifpOf bk&m;ocif\ pum;udk em;axmifemcHí touf &Sicf hJ Muolwidk ;f onf o&zlrsm;udk &Murnfjzpfonf/ tcsKdUuwpfck? tcsKUd uESpcf ?k oH;k ck? tcsKUd u Y o&zl 5ckpvHk;&Murnfjzpfonf/

owå0gav;yg;&Sd\ ]]yv’ifawmfa&SUüvnf;? ausmufovif;ESifhwlaom zef a&uef & S d \ / yv’ i f a wmf \ t wG i f ; ü4if ; ? ywf 0 ef ; usif ü 4if ; ? rsuf a ph E S i f h wpf u d k , f v H k ; jynf h aom owå 0 gav;yg;&S d \ }} (Asm?4;6)/

(Asm?4;7)/ y|rowå0gonf jcaoFh ESihfwlaMumif; azmfjyxm;ygonf/ jcaoFhonf awmbk&ifjzpfonf/ c&pf0ifusrf;av;usrf;rS yxr usrf;jzpfonfh &SifróJc&pf0if usrf; onf ocifa,&Ic&pfudk avmuokdYapvTwf&mü bk&ifuJh okdY
ygonf/ (vk? 19;10)ü vlom; onf aysmufaomolwkdYudk&Smí u,fwiftHhaomiSm
av[kefpD;aeaom toufwm

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page 5

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page 6

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page 7

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page 8

avmuMuD;xJü Muufu av;wpfaumifyif wd&pämefjzpf vifhupm; wefbkd;&Sdygonf/ okdY jzpfí vlom;rsm; vlw Y efb;dk udk od Muzkv Yd o dk vk?d rdbrsm;vnf; rdrw d Ydk uav;om;orD;rsm;\wefbdk;udk odMuzkv Yd ydk gonf/ ]]bG m ;jrif a om om;o rD ; wk d Y o nf xm0&bk & m; qk c s í ay;oem;awmf r l a om t arG O pö m jzpf M u\}} (qm? 127;3)/ tcsKd U aom rd b rsm;u xm0&bk&m;\ qkjzpfaom om; orD;wkdY\ wefbkd;udk rodMuo jzihf acG;jzpfrnfhtaumif? tr*F vmaumifponfjzihf used q f aJ om pum;udkqdkwwfMuonf/ tar&d uefEkdifiHrS jyefvmaomtrIawmf aqmifMuD;wpfOD;u om;ESihforD; ESpfOD;arG;jyD;aemuf rdrdrauR;Ekdif? wm0efr,lEidk [ f q k u dk m qufí u av;r,lawmh/ wpfaeY olYom; i,fonf um;rawmfwqxdckduf rIü toufqHk;cJhonf/ xkdtcsdef a&mufrS olrsKd;qufp&m om;r&Sd awmh í aemif w &aomf v nf ; aESmif;oGm;jyDjzpfonf/ rlqvif rdbrsm;u uav;om;orD;rsm; pGmarG;Muonf/ tb,faMumifh arG ; oenf ; [k ar;onf h t cg bk&m;ocif auR;vdrfhrnf/ ZeD; onf udk,f0efaqmifonfhtcg bk&m;ocifonf ol\&ifom;ü uav;twGuf Eku Yd x kd nfah y;vku d f onf[k qkdMuonf/ olwkdY\,Hk Munfjcif;u twk,pl &mjzpfonf/

,aeY c&pf,mefrsm; bk&m;ocif udk ,HMk unfonf[k EIwu f ajymae aomfvnf; trSefwu,f r,Hk MunfMuyg/

om;orD;wkdYonf xm0& bk&m; qkcsay;aom tarGOpöm jzpfaMumif; r,HkMunfygu qkd; usKd;rsm;pGmukd cHpm;Mu&p&m &Sdyg onf/ urÇmMuD;üvlOD;a& tvQif

vuf0Jvuf,mrodaom uav; aygif;55oef; towfcHae&yg onf/ wpfaeYvQif uav;aygif; 150648a,muf towfcHae& jyD;? wpfem&DwGif 6278a,muf? wpfpuúefYwGif 115a,muf t owfcHae&aMumif; ppfaq;awGY&Sd Mu&onf/ rdbrsm;ud, k o fh m;orD; udk &uf&ufpufpuf owfjzwf aeMuonfrSm rnfrQaMumufruf zG,fjzpfygoenf;/ ukvor*¾\

tjrefwkd;yGm;vmaerIudk rnfokdY [efwm;rnfenf;[k vGefcJhaom q,fckESpfrsm;pGmu ukvor*¾ü pOf;pm;Mu&m ynm&SifMuD;wpfOD; \ tMuHjyKrIaMumihf uav;i,f onf rdcif0rf;xJü y#doaE¨om; b0ü &SdaepOfyif odyHÜenf;ynm jzifh prf;oyfMunfh&IjyD; OmPf&nf rrS?D wpfpw kH pfck csKUd wJo h nf[k prf; oyfawGY&Sdygu oaE¨om;b0rSm yif zsufqD;ypfzkdYwifjy&m urÇm MuD;uoabmusjyD; vkdufemvkyf aqmifvmojzihf wpfESpfvQif rdrd

ppfwrf;aumuf,lrIt& rdbrsm; *&krxm;ojzihf tdrrf x S u G af jy;Mu aom uav;aygif; ESpfpOf2.5 oef; &Sdovkd? rdbrsm;u arG;p t&G,fü tjcm;ae&m? trdIufyHk ponfwkdYü pGefYypfMuaomuav; aygif;2.5oef;&SdaMumif; awGY& onf/ rdbrsm;\ *&kwpkdufESihf Munf&h q I ;kH rrI oGeo f ifrrI cH&ojzifh uav;rsm; t&G,fra&mufrDyif 'kp&kdufjyKí &mZ0wfrIusL;vGefol urÇ m MuD ; ü 15qyd k í rsm;vm aMumif;od&onf/ urÇmMuD;üoGef

r,HkMunfjcif;\qkd;usKd;

oifrrI cH&ojzihf t&G,rf a&mufrD q,fausmfoufb0ü udk,f0ef aqmifMuaom rdef;uav;rsm; wpf o ef ; 0ef u sif & S d j yD ; a[mif aumifü tcsKdUrdef;uav;rsm;rSm 5ESpft&G,fyif &Sdao;aomfvnf; a,musmf ;ESiq fh ufqaH om tawGY tMuKH &adS eMuonfukd Mum;awGaY e Mu&onf/ rdbrsm; rdrdwkdYom;o rD;rsm;udk EIwfuywfawmftwkdif; roGefoifMuawmhay/ rdbrsm;\ vspf v sL&I r I ? wef b k d ; rod r I w k d Y aMumifh udk,fhudkudk,f owfao aomuav;rsm; &SdMuovkd? pdwf ydkif;qkdif&m azmufjyefoGm;Muol rsm;vnf; &SdMuonf/ urÇmMuD;ü trsK;d rsK;d aom jyóemrsm;aMumifh vifr,m;uGm&Sif;rI trsm;qHk;u tar&duefEkdifiH jzpfaomfvnf;? 'kwd, ?wwd,vkdufaeolrSm t aemufEkdifiHrsm;r[kwf? tm&SEkdifiH rsm;jzpfonf/ ud;k &D;,m;u'kw, d ? xkid 0f rfu wwd,vku d jf y;D ? *syefu pwkwj¦ zpfonfukd awG&Y onf/ xkd txJwGif tHhMop&maumif;onf rSm {0Ha*vdukd pdwt f m;xufoef aomc&pf,mefrsm;u 40%ausmf yg0ifaeMuonf/ c&pf,mefrsm; or®musr;f pmoGeo f ifru I kd tav; rxm;Muawmh/ ,aeY ,HkMunf olrdbrsm; rdrdwkdY\ uav;om; orD;rsm;udk or®musr;f pmESit hf nD rnfoo Ydk eG o f if&Murnfukd tav; *&kjyK jyifqifoifhygonf/

oli,fuJhokdYjzpfMuzkdUY&ef ]] igtrS e f q k d o nf u m;?

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oif w k d Y o nf ajymif ; vJ í ol i,fuJhokdYrjzpfvQifaumif;uif Ek d i f i H a wmf o k d Y ra&muf & Mu}} (róJ ? 18;3)/ xkEd w I u f ywfawmf azmfjy csufu uREkfyfwkdYonf uav;jyef jzpfzkdY r[kwfbJ? uav;uJhokdYESdrfh cszk d Y ? emcH w wf z k d Y ? jzLjzLpif p if touf&SifMuzkdY ajymvkdjcif;jzpf onf/ uReyfk w f o Ydk nf toufwmü uav;qefMuzkdYr[kwfbJ? EIwfu ywfawmfMum;onfhtcg uav; uJhokdYcH,ljyD; bk&m;ocifudk udk; pm;vsuf ,HkMunfemcHí vkduf avQmufMuzkdYvkdygonf/ uRekfyf wkdYonf touft&G,ftm;jzifh MuD;aomfvnf; toufwmü ol i,fuJhokdYjzpfzkdY bk&m;ociftvkd awmf&Sdygonf/ ,HkMunfjcif;? &kd; om;jcif;? yGifhvif;rIt&mü [ef aqmifrIuif;jyD; oli,fuJhokdYjzpf MuzkdY vkdygonf/ uREkfyfwkdYonf c&pf,meftoufwmü &kd;om; MuzkdYvkdygonf/ tcsKdUu rodMu aomfvnf; od[efaqmifMuonf/ c&pf,mefrsm; or®musrf;pmudk rodMuí tvJG,lMuonf/ rdrdwkdY uav;om;orD;rsm;\ touf wmudk wefzkd;rxm;? tav;r xm;Muonf r S m 0rf ; enf ; p&m aumif;ygonf/ ,aeY ,HkMunf olrsm;onf rdrdwkdYrodonfht&m udk &kd;om;pGm 0efcH&JMuzkdY&ef vkdyg onf/ [efaqmifí raeoihfMu yg/ ]]ighudk,HkMunfaom þ ol i ,f w pf p H k wpf a ,muf u d k tMuifolonf rSm;,Gif;ap\/ xkdolonf vnfyif;ü MudwfqHk ausmuf u d k q J G í euf a om yif v ,f ü epf j rKyf j cif ; cH & vQif taeomíaumif ; \}} (róJ ? 18;6)/

,aeY trI a wmf a qmif q&m? q&mrrsm;onf uav; rsm;udk rxDrJhjrifrjyKMuzkdY? oGef oifrIrrSm;,Gif;MuzkdY owdjyKoifh ygonf/ or®musrf;pmoifwef; ausmif;wpfckü q&mrwpfOD;u rdrdonf or®musrf;pmukd rSefuef pGmrodcb hJ J uav;rsm;pGmudk tvJG oGeo f ifcrhJ ad Mumif; 0efccH yhJ gonf/ ,aeY uREyfk w f o Ydk nf uav;oli,f wpfOD;OD;udk tvGJoGefoifrdí xdk

wl? wlrrsm;? tjcm;uav;oli,f rsm;tay: uREfkyfwkdYtb,fokdY jrifaeygoenf;/ olwEYdk w I u f ywf awmfudkodzkdY? oGefoifay;EkdifzkdY&ef uREkfyfwkdY tm;xkwfoifhygonf/ avmuMu;D \oGeo f ifru I uav; rsm;tm; yxrt&G,f ynm&Sm? 'kwd,Opöm&Sm? wwd,t&G,frS wrvGet f wGuf pOf;pm;? bk&m;&Sm ponfjzihf oGefoifMuonf/ xkd oGeo f ifro I nf vGepf mG rSm;ygonf/

oli,fonf toufwmü rSm;,Gi;f pGm &Sio f efomG ;ygu uREyfk w f o Ydk nf vnfyif;ü MudwfqHkausmufudk qJG í yifv,fücsjcif;udk cH&ygu omíaumif;rnf[k or®musr;f pm u owday;ygonf/ xkdenf;wl uREkfyfwkdYonf uav;oli,fwpf a,mufa,mufudk rxDrJhjrifrjyK rdzYdk owdjyKoifyh gonf/ taMumif; rSm olwkdY\ aumif;uifwrefwkdY onf aumif;uifbHk&Siftb\ rsufESmudk tpOfrjywf zl;jrifae Muygonf/ urÇmavmuMu;D onf bk&m;ocifudk oduRrf;jcif;ynm vkdtyfaeygonf/ uRekfyfwkdYonf avmuMuD;udk Munfhjrifonfhtcg bk&m;ocif\tjrifESifh jrifwwf zkv Yd ydk gonf/ avmuMu;D xJü EIwf uywfawmfudkrodaom uREkfyfwkdY

uREyfk w f o Ydk nf uav;rsm;i,f&, G f pOfuyif bk&m;udkodjyD; tav;* &kjyK emcHvsuf touf&Sifwwf MuzkdY oGefoifay;oifhygonf/

ol&Jvufü&Sdaomjr§m;uJhokdY (róJ?19;13)wGif oli,f wkdYudkvufawmfwifí arwåmydkY zk d Y ocif a ,½I x H a wmf o k d Y ac: aqmifvmonft h cg wynfah wmf wkdYu wm;jrpfMuygonf/ bmom w&m;u oifwkdYESihf rqdkifqdkonfh oabmjyKrlonf/ ocifa,&I\ toufwmukd qifjcifygu wpf q,fEh pS Ef pS t f &G,w f iG f EIwu f ywf awmfESihfjynfh0jyD; Adr®mefawmfü usrf;wwfyk*d¾Kvfrsm;ESifh aqG;aEG; Ekid yf gonf/ ocifa,&Ionf EIwf uywfawmfESihf jynfh0aeaom

aMumifh pmwef\pHkprf;jcif;trsKd; rsKd;udkvnf; atmifjrifcJhygonf/ ,aeYacwf uav;rsm;twGuf pHpk rf;aESmuf,u S jf cif;rsm; vSonf/ uGefjyLwmwpfcsufESdyfvkduf&HkESifh aumif;wma&m? raumif;wma&m twk,lp&mrsm;pGm vli,frsm;\ rsufapha&SUokdY a&mufvmygonf/ uav;i,frsm;\ toufwmü EIwfuywfawmfESifh rjynfh0ygu avmuMuD;\ vTrf;rkd;rIatmuf okdY a&muf&SdoGm;rnf jzpfonf/ ocifa,&Ionf uav;rsm; rdrd xHa&mufvmonfhtcg rqD;wm; yJ vuf c H í vuf E S i f h c sD a yG Y u m aumif;MuD;ay;ygonf/ rdbrsm; rdrdwkdYom;orD;rsm;udk aumif; Mu;D ay;yg/ eHeufr;dk vif;onft h cg om;orD ; rsm;tm; aumif ; MuD ; ay;yg/ rdbrsm; udk,fhom;orD; rsm;udk ausmif;xm;Ekdif&HkrQjzihf auseyfraeoifhyg/ rdrdwkdYywf 0ef;usifrS ausmif;raeEkdifaom uav;rsm;udkMunfhjyD; jyKpkMunfh yg/ yHhydk;Munfhyg/ wpfaeYaomt cg xkduav;rsm;xJrS tcsKdUonf wkdif;jynfü acgif;aqmifMuD;rsm; rjzpfvm[k rnfolajymEkdifrnf enf;/ EkdifiHawmftpdk;&u vkyf aqmifae&mü vpf[maeaom uGufvyfrsm;udk MunfhjyD;0dkif;0ef; jznfhpGufay;jcif;jzifh wkdif;jynfudk tusKd;jyKEkdifygonf/ ywf0ef;usif udkMunfhygu uRekfyfwkdYvkyfaqmif p&m? bk&m;ocif vkyfaqmifap vkdaom t&mrsm;pGm&Sdaeygonf/ rdbrsm;onf bk&m;ocif qkcsay; oem;aom tarGjzpfonfh rdrdwkdY om;orD;rsm;udk aumif;pGmxdef; odrf;zkdY bk&m;ocif tvkdawmf&Sd ygonf/ rnfuJhokdY xdef;odrf;rnf enf;/ ol&v J ufü&Sad om jrm§ ;uJo h Ydk jzpfapzkdYvdkygonf/ (qm? 127;4)

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jr§m;awmifhonf ajzmifhwef;jcif;r &Sdygu vkd&mypfrSwfudk rxd&HkrQr u rdrdvlYudkyif tEå&m,fjzpfap Ekdifygonf/ uRekfyfwkdY\ uav; om;orD;rsm;onf ol&Jvufü&Sd aom jr§m;uJhokdY ajzmifhajzmifhrwf rwf&SdzkdY vkdygonf/ om;orD;rsm; ajzmifhrwfpGm touf&SifwwfzkdY? oef Y & S i f ; pG m touf & S i f w wf z k d Y ? oGefoifay;zkdY vkdygonf/uREfkfyf wkdYu uav;om;orD;rsm; ajzmifh rwfpGm? oefY&Sif;pGm touf&Sif wwfzkdY oGefoifray;rdygu olwkdY t&G,fa&mufvmonfhtcg rdb udkywf0ef;usifudk? wkdif;jynfudk t&Suf&apjyD; rsufESmysufapol rsm; jzpf v mMurnf jzpf o nf / rd b rsm;onf rd r d w d k Y o m;orD ; rsm;tm; EIwfuywfawmftwkdif; tdrfaxmifjyKzkdY? tdrfaxmifrjyKrDS rrSm;,Gif;rdzkdY oGefoifay;oihf

ygonf/ ,aeY uav;trsm;u xko d eG o f ifru I kd acwfrrSaD wmh[k qkMd uygonf/ þavmuMu;D xJ ü EIwfuywfawmftwkdif; oGef oifrIudk em;axmifjyD; touf &SiMf uaomolrsm;ESiEhf w I u f ywf awmf\oGefoifrIudk tav;r xm;aom ol\toufwmESihf olwkdYrsKd;qufrsm;onf rsm;pGm uGmjcm;ygonf/ or®musrf;pm okawoDw\ Ydk avhvmazmfxw k f csut f & or®musr;f pmoGeo f if csuu f kd tav;rxm; r½kad ool ruf*sKpfonf bk&m;ocifudk r ,Hk? rav;rpm;aomtrsKd;orD; ESihf tdraf xmifzufNy;D olrS qif; oufvmaomolrsm;wGif arG; pu aoaomolrsm;? touf &Sifaomfvnf; a&m*grsKd;pHkESihf 'kuw ©d jzpforl sm;? olawmif;pm; rsm;? olckd;rsm;? rdef;rav rdef;r

ayghrsm;? vlowform;rsm;ESifh t jcm;jypfrI usL;vGefMuolrsm;pGm &Sdvm cJhjyD; wkdif;jynfudk tusKd;rjyK? rdb aqGrsK;d *kPo f u d m© udk ndK§ ;EGr;f apaom rsK;d qufrsm;pGm ay:xGuv f mcJo h nf/ EIwfuywfawmf oGefoifcsufudk t av;xm; touf&SifcJhol a*smfeoef tuf'yG rf mS rl bk&m;ocifukd aMumuf &GUH í EIwu f ywfawmfukd tav;xm; aomtrsKd;orD;ESihf pHkzufí olwkdYrS qif ; ouf a om om;pOf a jr; qufwkdYü aumvdyfausmif;atmif olrmS (265) a,muf? q&m0ef (60) a,muf? 'kor®w (1)OD;? w&m;olMu;D (30) a,muf? Oya'jyKtrwf (3) a,muf? w&m;a[mq&m (100) a,muf? a&SUae(100)a,muf? tkyf csKyfa&;t&m&Sd (80)a,muf? vTwf awmftrwf (2)OD;ESihf ygarmu©csKyf (65) OD; ponfjzifh wkid ;f jynftwGuf tusKd;jyKaomol? rdbaqGrsKd;*kPfudk

,k ' trsd K ;tEG , f w G i f tjrpfcHaom c&pf,mef ,H k M unf u d k ; uG , f r I

tpDtpOftwGuf wpfywfwm MuKd wifjyifqifrjI yKvyk &f wJ?h t oif;vlMuD;? oif;axmufrsm;? twGi;f a&;rSL;wk\ Yd yl;aygif;vkyf aqmifrIu aemufuG,fwGif &Sd aeMuygw,f/ aemufwrl xl; jcm;csufuawmh? wpfcsKdU pae aeYrsm;wGif þ0wfjyKaqmift wGif; rxo tpnf;ta0;? rd cifESihfuav; apmifha&Smufa&; jyKvkyfaewmudkvnf; trSwfr xif awGjY rif&wwfygw,f/ þ t&mudk q&mBuD;\&Sif;jycsuf t& nDtpfudktoif;awmfrsm; \,HMk unfc, H cl surf mS ? {0Ha*vd 0wfjyKaqmif(Gospel Hall)

udkom aqmufvkyfavh&SdjyD;? Adrmef awmfMuD;rsm;udk aiGukefaMu;uscHí raqmufvkyfbJ? {0Ha*vda[majym jcif;? rdbrJhqif;&Jom;rsm;udk auR; arG;jyKpkjcif;ESifh ta0;omoemudk tav;xm;í aqmif&GufwwfMu onf[k ajymjyygw,f/ wenf;tm; jzihf Breth-ren rsm;onf wJawmf 0wfjyKudk;uG,frIudk Adrmefawmf0wf jyKu;kd uG,jf cif;pepfxuf ydí k tav; xm;ygonf/ uREkfyfwkdYvnf; jyify oP²mef taoG;om;rsufpdESihf cHpm; xdawGYrI jrifuGif;awGudk acwåarS; rSdefapjyD; EIwfuywfawmftm;jzifh 0dnmOfrsufpdudkzGifhí "r®a[mif;um v? wJawmftm;jzifh £oa&vvl

(Judeo-Christianity)

(8)rkdif? a[jAKefnDtpfudk rsm;toif;awmf0if;xJokdY? we*F aEGtywfwidk ;f uReaf wmfw0Ydk ifvm wJhtcg? b,fvkdjrifuGif;ukdawGY jrifEkdifygovJ? 0SpfpDrIwfjyD; um; rsm;udk vufjyaeaom roefrpGr;f nDtpfudkwpfa,muf? vkdif;um; wk;d pD;jy;D ajcusiaf vQmufvmwJo h l awG? wuúp?D ud, k yf ikd u f m;pD;vmwJh vlwpfcsKdUESifh vli,frsm;? uav; rsm; oG m ;vmvI y f & S m ;aewmud k OD;pGm jrifawGY&ygrnf/ 0wfjyK

jrifhwufapaomol rsm;pGmay: xGucf yhJ gonf/ xkaYd Mumifh rdbrsm; taeESihf rdrdwkdYudk,fwkdif EIwfu ywfawmfudk tav;xm;touf &SifMuonfomru rdrdwkdYom;o rD;rsm;udkvnf; EIwfuywfawmf twkid ;f tav;*½kjyKtouf&iS Mf u zkdY&ef oGefoifwnfaqmufay;yg u rdrw d t Ydk oufwmomru om; pOfajr;qufwkdif r*Fvmaumif; usKd;udk cHpm;vsuf wkdif;jynfESifh rdrdwkdYywf0ef;usifudk tusKd;jyK olrsm; jzpfEkdifMurnfjzpfaMumif; arwåmESihf today;a0iSvkdufyg onf/

emrawmfjrwfü nDtpfudkOD;atmifoufñGefY

rsK;d awmf xm0&bk&m;tm; 0wfjyK udk;uG,frI? om;awmfa,&Ic&pf awmf oufawmfxif&Sm;&SdpOf? udk; uG,frI ykdif;qkdif&m ajymif;vJrIwkdY udk qifjcifMunfhMuygpdkY/ ueOD; toif;awmfrsm; wGif ,k',HkMunfoltrsm;jzpfjyD;? aemufykdif;wyg; trsKd;om;rsm; ajymif;vJvmjyD;? c&pf,mefom oemonf taemufwkdif;Oa&my okdY ysHUESHUvmcJhonf/ *sL;c&pf,mef rsm;onf "r®a[mif;udk tajcjyK í? xm0&bk&m;\ oefY&Sif;jcif;? ajzmifrh wfjcif;wku Yd kd tav;xm;jy;D &kyfwkqif;wk jyKvkyfjcif;udk vHk;0 qefYusif\/ okdYaomf Oa&myc&pf

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,mefrsm;onf *sL;wkdY\cH,lcsuf jyif;xefru I kd rESpjf rKd Uí aemufyidk ;f wGif ,k'udk;uG,frIudk qefYusif aom (Anti-Semitism) tkypf k ay:vmjy;D taemufwidk ;f ,Ofaus; rIvTrf;aom c&pf,mefudk;uG,f rItoGifokdY ajymif;vJvmí crf; em;aomtaqmufttHkMuD;rsm;? tpDtpOfa&;qJjG y;D ? yHak ouk;d uG,f rIrsm; jzpfvmjyD;? ,k'ukd;uG,fyHk wkdYudk y,fzsufypf&ef MudK;yrf;cJh Muonf/ okaYd omfvnf;? c&pf,mef ,HMk unfu;kd uG,rf o I nf ,k'trsK;d tEG,fwGif tjrpfcHxm;ygaom aMumifh? b,fawmhrS jzwfawmuf í jzdKzsufír&Ekdifyg/ xkdokdYvnf; rvkyaf qmifoifyh g/ tmjA[Htm; xm0&t&Sif bk&m;ocifonfac:awmfrí l y#d nmOfjyK&mü oift h m;jzif4h if;? oifh trsKd;tEG,ftm;jzifh4if;? vlrsKd;t aygif;wkdYonf aumif;MuD;r*Fvm cH&Muvdrfhrnf[k rdefYawmfrl&mü? trsKd;tEG,fwkdU[k trsm;udkr&nf rSwb f ?J oif\trsK;d tEG,[ f k wpf a,mufaomoludk&nfrSwfí rdefY awmfrl\/ xkdwpfa,mufaom ol u m; c&pf a wmf j zpf o wnf ; (*vmwd 3;16)/ xk d Y a Mumif h toif;awmf\tkwfjrpfjzpfaom a,&Ic&pfonf urÇmOD;usr;f üyif tajcjyKxm;jyD;? ya&mzufrsm;? wrefawmftrsm;tm;jzifh quf vufwkd;yGm;wnf&Sdaeygonf/

rdrdvlrsKd;awmfwGifusdef;0yf vkdaom xm0&bk&m; (The Indwelling God) xm0&bk & m;u ya&m zufa[&Sm,tm;jzihf rdefYawmf rl c suf r S m ? aumif ; uif b H k o nf

ighyv’ifjzpf\/ ajrMuD;onf igh ajcwif & mcH k j zpf \ / tb,f o k d Y aomAdrmefawmfudk ightbkdwnf aqmufMurnfenf;/ tb,ft &yfonf igusdef;0yf&mt&yf jzpf rnfenf;/ þt&mtvH;k pHw k o Ydk nf igukd,fwkdif zefqif;aomaMumifh jzpfMu\/ ]]oefY&Sif;jcif;[k emr&Sd awmfrlxaomtxG#ftjrwfjzpf awmf r l a om? bk & m;rd e f Y a wmf r l onfum;? pdwfESdrfhcsjcif;? ESvHk; aMuuJ G j cif ; ? igh p um;aMumif h wk e f v I y f j cif ; &S d a omol u d k o m igMunf h & I r nf } } (a[&Sm 66;1-2)/ xm0&bk&m;onf arm a&Stm; wJawmfaqmufvkyfckdif; jcif;trIrSm? bk&m;&Sif\ tMuH awmfESifh rdrdtm;rnfokdY ukd;uG,f 0wfjyK&ef rdrd\oabmawmfudk azmfjyjcif;jzpf\/ (xGufajrmuf &musrf; 25;8-9)wGif igonfoifwkdYwGifusdef; 0yf & mzk d Y oef Y & S i ;f & m|meud k vk y f M uap? igjyorQaom wJ awmf y H k ? wJ a wmf w ef q myH k E S i f h tnD vk y f & rnf / þEI w f u ywf a wmf t m; jzifh wJawmfudk xm0&bk&m;&Sif wnfvkyfapckdif;onfh &nf&G,f csufrSm? vlrsKd;awmfESifhtwl teD; uyf u sd e f ; 0yf a evk d a omqE´ E S i f h &nf&G,fcsufudk azmfjyygonf/ xm0&bk&m;onf rdrdvlrsKd;ESifh twlaevkdjyD; olwkdY\bk&m;[lí odapvkdw,f/ 'gaMumifh igonf tmjA[H? £Zuf? ,mukyfwkdY\ bk&m;? £oa&vvlrsKd;\ oefY &Sif;aom t&Sifxm0&bk&m;jzpf onf[k rdru d , kd u f dk xkwaf zmfjy\/ c&pf,mefwkdY\ bk&m;[kajymqkd

ír&yg/ okdYaomf tmjA[HtrsKd; tEG , f t m;jzif h vl r sKd ; taygif ; aumif;MuD;r*Fvm jzpfaprnf[k rdefYawmfrl&mü ,k'trsKd;ü tajc jyKaom xm0&bk&m;onf? vlrsKd; wum udk;uG,fxkdufaom bk&m; vnf;jzpfaMumif;? odapygw,f/ £oa&vvlrsKd;ESihf wJawmf0wf jyKu;kd uG,rf t I m;jzifh xm0&bk&m; \ tMuHtpnfawmf? tvkdawmf? oabmawmfwkdYudk uREkfyfwkdYod em;vnfEkdifygonf/ wJawmfudk wnfaqmuf&mü a&T? aiG? aMu;0g? tmum&Sopfom;? ydwaf csm? om; a&wkdYjzihf wnfvkyfapjcif;onf tvGefwefzkd;MuD;ojzifh xm0& bk & m;\ MuD ; jrwf a Mumif ; ud k azmfjyygonf/ okdYaomf wJawmf xJü xm0&bk&m;\ oP²mefawmf udkazmfjyonfh &kyfxkr&Sdjcif;rSm? wJ a wmf w ef q myvm tm;vH k ; onf xm0&bk&m;\oabmo bm0udk azmfjyaejcif;jzpfygonf/ xm0&bk&m;udk ud;k uG,jf cif;onf avmuDom;rsm;uJhokdY bk&m;&kyf xkoP²meftrsKd;rsKd;jzifh bk&m; trsm;udk udkd;uG,fjcif; (Poly Theism)r[kwb f ?J wpfqw l n;f aombk&m;udkom udk;uG,fjcif; (Mono Theism)jzpfygonf/ xkdYaMumifh ,Zfyka&m[dwf\ OD; aqmifraI tmufü vlrsK;ad wmfonf a
t&yfjzpfí tvGefoefY&Sif;aom Mumifh vl? wd&dpämef csOf;uyfvQif npfnL;jcif;? roef&Y iS ;f jcif;aMumif?h aoEkdifonfhtwGuf pnf;&kd;um xm;&\/ wJawmfwiG ;f okYd csO;f uyf 0ifa&mufEkdifonfh enf;vrf;rSm wpfckwnf;&SdjyD; xkdenf;vrf;rSm aMu;0g ,Zfyv’iaf y:wGio f ef&Y iS ;f aom,Zf a umif u d k owf í ?t aoG;udk(7)Mudrfywfjzef;jyD;rS? rD; &dIY&m,Zftjzpf ylaZmfí wJawmf twGif;okdY 0ifcGifh&\/ yxrwpfcsufrSm vlrsK;d awmfonf tJ*kwåKjynfü uRefcH ae&pOf? wJawmfwnfvkyfcGifh r&Sd yg/ rkd;wdrftm;jzifh xif&Sm;aom bkef;awmfvnf;r&Sdyg/ taMumif; rSm vlrsKd;awmfonf zma&mrif; vufatmufü 0rf;pma&;twGuf yifyef;pGmvkyaf qmif&jy;D ? n§i;f yef; ESyd pf ufrv I nf; cH&onft h jyif? em; aecsdefr&Sdí? bk&m;udkvnf; udk; uG,f0wfjyKjcif; rjyKEkdifyg/ olwkdY \ nOf;wGm; jrnf;wrf;atmf[pf jcif;toHudk xm0&bk&m;onf Mum;í tmjA[H E S i f h j yKcJ h a om *wdawmf y#dnmOfudk atmufarh owd&í vlrsKd;awmfudk arma&S tm;jzihf u,fEIwfzkdYpDrHawmfrl\/ wenf ; tm;jzif h tjypf ' k p &k d u f atmufü uRefjzpfaeaom? u,f wifjcif;vkdaeaom? uRefawmf^r rajymif;vJao;aom toufwm ESifh wlayonf/ zma&mbk&if\ tmPmpufrS vGwfajrmufzkdYom ru? tJ*kwåKvlrsKd;wkdY\ ukd;uG,f rI tusifh"avhwkdYrSvnf; aq; aMumoefYpifzkdY&ef vkdayonf/ xkdYtwGufaMumifh vlrsKd; awmfudk u,fwifjcif;omru? a½G;EIwzf &Ydk ef? yócgok;d \taoG; okwfaom tdrftrkd;atmufwGif

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tuG,ftumjyKí tJ*kwåKvlwkdY \ om;OD;rsm;udkowfypfí £o a&vvlrsKd;\ om;OD;rsm;udk t oufcsrf;omapjcif;jzifh a&G;EIwf u,fwifcJhonf/ vlrsKd;awmftm; cgeefjynfokdY ac:aqmif&mwGif uke;f vr;fut kd oH;k rjyKb?J yifv,f eDuEkd pS jf crf;cJí G jzwfausmaf pcJ\ h / þtHhbG,faomtrIrS em;vnf& aomtcsufrSm vlrsKd;awmfonf tJ*kwåKjynfokdY aemufjyefrvSnfh Ekdifatmif yifv,fa&udk jyefaph apjyD;? vkdufvmaom tJ*kwåKppf wyftm; aoaMuysufpD;apcJh\/ vlrsKd;awmfESihf &kyfwkqif;wk ewf bk&m;rsm;udk udk;uG,faomolwkdY tm;? yx0Dajrae&mt& oD;oefY cJGjcm;vkdufjcif;jzpf\/ c&pfawmf udk rdrw d \ Ydk u,fwif&iS t f jzpf pdwf ESv;kH ü ,HMk unfvsuf EIwjf zih0f efcH aomolwkdYtm; taoG;awmftm; jzifh aq;aMumcGifhvTwfjyD; ao jcif;rS vGwfajrmufapjyD; aom tcg? a&ü AwdåZHr*Fvmtm;jzifh r,HkMunfol avmuom;rsm;ESihf ,HkMunfaomc&pf,mefrsm;tm; oD;oefY cJGjcm;xm;vkdufjcif; o abmyif jzpfygonf/ wJawmfudk tJ*kwåKjynfü wnfvkyfckdif;jcif; r&Sd? cgeefjynf üvnf; wnfaqmufjcif;udk r jyKapbJ? uEå&c&D;wpfavQmuf vSnfhvnfae&pOf tjrJwJawmf wefqmyvmrsm;ud, k al qmifí rk;d wdrfwnf&mt&yfü wnfaqmuf apí? bkef;awmftm;jzifh vlrsKd; awmftxJü usdef;0yfjyD; arma&S tm;awGYqHkí vlrsKd;awmfonf rd rdtm; rnfokdY,ZfylaZmfvsuf udk; uG,fqnf;uyf&rnf? rnfuJhokdY tJ*kwåKvlrsm;ESifh jcm;em;pGm t ouf&Sif? usihfMuHjyKrl? pm;aomuf

aexkdif? tdrfaxmifjyKí om;o rD;rsm; arG;zGm;&rnfukd tao;pdwf nTefMum;rdefYawmfrlí wduspGm vkdufemapcJhyg onf/ vlrsKd;awmftm; a&G;EIwf u,fwifcJh&jcif;\ &nf&G,fcsuf rsm; rdrdykdifxkdufaom oefY&Sif; aomvlrsKd;tjzpfaomf4if;? pnf; pdrf&Sdaom ,Zfyka&m[dwftjzpf rdrdxHawmfokdY teD;uyfcsnf;uyf vsuf rdwfo[m,zJGYí ukd;uG,f 0wfjyKzkdY&ef t
ausmfí aumif;uiftdrfawmfokdY c&D;jyKpOf rkd;wdrfESihf rD;wkdifjzpf aom 0dnmOfawmfESihf EIwfuywf awmfudk trSDo[JqJGudkifjyKvsuf? c&pf,meftoufwmudk avQmuf vSrf;Mu&ayrnf/

"r®opfumvudk;uG,frI wJawmfonf a,&Ic&pf awmfudk yHkaqmifygonf/ (a,m? 1;14)wGif udk,fawmf\ &ifcGifü vJavsmif;í a,&Icspfaom w ynfhawmf\ zGifhjycsufrSm ]]EI w f u ywf a wmf o nf vnf; vlYZmwdudkcH,lawmfrlí rd r d v l w k d Y w G i f wnf a eawmf r l \}}[kq&dk mü wnfaejcif;qko d nfh a[jAJ p um;vH k ; onf usd e f ; 0yf jcif;? wJawmf (Tabernacle) ponfh a0g[m&t"dygÜ ,f twlwl yifjzpfonf/ 0dnmOft"dyÜm,frSm "r®a[mif;umvwGif xm0&bk&m; onf wJawmftm;jzifh vlrsKd;awmf tv,fwiG f used ;f 0yfouJo h Ydk om; awmfumvwGif crnf;awmfonf om;awmftxJü vlZY mwdjzpfaom a,&Ic&pfawmftm;jzifh rdrdvlwkdY ESihf yk*K¾d vcf si;f xdawGY qufqv H suf oGm;vmcJh jcif;udk qkdvkdygonf/ þeufeJaom? vlwkdYwGif usdef;0yfaom xm0&bk&m;\ o abmobm0udk (1a,m? 1;1-4) wGif &Sifa,m[efu ]]xk d E I w f u ywf a wmf onf a&S;OD;pGmuyif&Sdí igwkdY wGiftouf&Sif xif&Sm;&SdcJh\/ xk d t ouf & S i f a omEI w f u ywf awmf\toHudk igwkdYonf em; ESifhMum;cJh&í? rsufpdESifhvnf; jrifcJh&jyD;? vufESifhvnf; udkif wG , f p rf ; oyf c J h & wJ h o uf a o rsm;jzpf w J h t wG u f om;awmf

tm;jzih f crnf ; awmf E S i f h rd w f o[m&zJ G U &jyD ; ? oif w k d Y o nf vnf ; igwk d Y \ Mo0g'pum; ouf a ocH c suf u d k ,H k M unf c H ,l v Qif ? igwk d Y E S i f h t wl crnf ; awmf? om;awmfESihfwpfvHk;wpf 0wnf ; jzpf M uí? 0rf ; ajrmuf Murnf } } [k EdI;aqmfaoG;aqmif xm;ygonf/ ocifa,&I &Sifjyef xajrmufjyD;aemuf aumif;uif okYd wku d &f u dk rf wuf
page 13

awmfa,&Ic&pfawmfEiS hf teD;uyf vufyGef;wwD; &if;ESDH;pGmoGm;vm vI y f & S m ;udk;uG,fcGifh &ygonf/ okdYaomf xkdtcsdefumvonf (3) ESpfcJGrQom MumcJh\/

þoabm obm0ud k c&pf ,meftrsm;onf em;vnfo abmaygufjcif; r&SdaomaMumifh? aumif;MuD;r*Fvmrsm;pGm qHk;&HI;jyD; udk,fum,tjypf'kp&kdufü c&pf ,meftrsm; epfrGef;MujyD;? vlt oufowfjcif; tjypfudkyif? MuD; rm;pGm vGefusL;rdwwfMuygw,f/ oufao om"ujy&vQif tar

&duefEkdifiHü touf(80)eD;yg; t&G,f&Sdaom c&pf,mefbmom 0ifq&m0efMuD; wpfOD;onf? rdrd ouf w rf ; wpf a vQmuf tazr ay:aom oaE¨om;zsufcsjcif; trIudk jynfe,fOya't& w&m; 0if(65000)rQudk zsufcsay;cJhyg onf/ (Ultra-Sound)ay:vm aomtcg wpfcsdefu rdcifom; tdrftwGif;u oaE¨om;i,f\ vufESpfzufajcESpfzufudk tEk pdyf odyHÜu&d,mjzifh tqpfrSqJG jzKwfaeyHk? oaE¨om;0rf;AkdufxJrS uvD p mrsm;ud k xk d u &d , mjzih f EdIuf,lqJGxkwfyHkwkdYudk jrifawGY& aomtcsed üf ? xkq d &m0efMu;D onf pdwfrcsrf;ajrhEkdifawmhyJ? xkdokdY toufudkzsufqD;aom tjypfrS vGwfajrmufEkdif&ef? c&pfawmfudk aemifwpdwjf zifh vufcí H ,HMk unf oljzpfvm&ygw,f/ ,cktcsdef rSmawmh udk,f0efzsufcsjcif;onf EIwfuywfawmfESihf qefYusifjyD; vlowfrjI zpfaMumif;? omoemt zJGYtpnf;wpfckESihftwl &yfwnf wkdufyJG0ifvsuf &Sdygonf/ pm&if; Z,m;t& tar&duefEkdifiHwGif oaE¨om;zsucf srI oef;aygif;(50) txd&SdaMumif; aMumuf&GHUxdwf vefYzG,f od&Sd&ygw,f/ c&pf , mef E k d i f i H ü ? bm aMumihf þokdYjzpf&ygovJ/ tpö

a&;EkdifiH? rGwfpvifEkdifiHrsm;wGif þjzpf & yf r sKd ; enf ; yg;ygw,f / þoaE¨om;rdcifavmif; 0rf;Aku d f ü oaE¨wnf&jcif;rSm um,uH &Sif vla,musfm;? vlrdef;r? ESpf a,mufpvHk;\ tjypfaMumifhjzpf jyD;? or®mw&m;ESifhtnD opöm oH0gojyKjcif;r[kwfbJ? arxkef oH0go oufoufjyKjcif;omjzpf jyD ; ? rw&m;aomarxk e f j zpf í aoypfxu dk yf gonf/ pm&if;Z,m; t&? oaE¨om;zsufcsaom rdcif avmif; (5000) a,mufwkdYrSm vnf; wpfcsKdUaoqHk;jcif;? wpfcsKdU pdwfa&m*g jzpfvmMujyD;? tdrf axmifrsm;vnf; ysufpD;Mu&yg w,f/ xkdYaMumifh c&pf,mef,Hk Munfow l o Ydk nf rdru d , dk cf E¨monf bk&m;ocif0dnmOfawmf usdef;0yf &mjzpfaMumif; oabmaygufem; vnfjcif;r&SdwJhtwGuf? jyKrl? usihf MuH? aexkdifrIwkdYü oefY&Sif;jcif;r &SdawmhwJhtwGuf vdifESifhpyfqkdif aom a&m*gtrsK;d rsK;d udk cHpm;Mu& onfhtjyif? *kPfodu©medrfhusNyD;? aumif;MuD;r*FvmqHk;½HI;í? oefY &Sif;aombk&m;\ bkef;awmfudk vnf; arS;rdSefapygw,f/

jcif;onf? oefY&Sif;aom,HkMunf jcif;jzpfí oefY&Sif;ajzmifhrwfpGm touf&SifEkdifzkdY&ef 0dnmOfawmf tm;jzifh tjrJy|emjyKjyD;? bk&m; ocifarwåmawmfü tpOfwnfae zk&Yd ef? wku d w f eG ;f xm;ygw,f/ tm; enf;aom? ppfreS af om ,HMk unfol wkdYudkvnf;em;vnfí? ukd,fwkdif tjypfEiS hf rNipd eG ;f bJ? aoG;om;wyf rufjcif;rD;xJrq S EGJ w I zf &Ydk ef Ed;I aqmf xm;ygw,f/ ,HMk unfocl &pf,mef wkdYonf xm0&bk&m;\ynwf awmftwkdif;? ocifa,&Iudk OD; xdyfxm;vsuf? 0dnmOfawmftm; jzifh? oefY&Sif;jcif;? ajzmifhrwfjcif;? ESdrfhcsjcif;? aus;Zl;jyKvsuf? *½k Pmpdwfjzihf touf&Sif aexkdif oGm;ygvQif? uRefawmf uRefrwpf OD;wnf;omru? oufqkdifwJh rd om;pkrsm;tjyif om;pOfajr;quf? aumif;MuD;r*Fvm
oefY&Sif;aom,HkMunfjcif;

emrawmfjrwfü nDtpfudkOD;a,moyf

uREkfyfwkdY ukd;uG,faom bk & m;onf tpOf a umif ; jrwf awmfral om bk&m;jzpfonf/ ,aeY rsufarSmufumvü vlwOD;usef; rma&;csKdUwJhygu a&m*g&SmzkdYaq;

ppf&mü aiGrsm;pGm ukeu f sygonf/ pm;zkyYd if tEkid Ef ikd ½f ek ;f uefae&csed f ü a&m*gjzpfygu cufvSayonf/ xkdtajctaewkdYu EIwfuywf awmfrSefuefaMumif; azmfjyvsuf

&Sdayonf/ EIwfuywfawmf rSef uefaMumif; oufaoukd ,aeYcH pm;aeMu&olrsm;&Sdovkd? rcHpm; Mu&aomolrsm;vnf; &SdMuonf/ qmvHq&mBuD;u xm0&bk&m;

,HkMunfoltwGif;üusdef;0yf aom 0dnmOfawmfbk&m; ,ck aemufqHk;aomum v ? toif;awmfacwf? 0dnmOf awmfumv tcsdeftcgwGifrSmrl ,k'vljzpfap? a[vovljzpfap? om;awmfa,&Ic&pfawmfudk ,Hk Munfvufco H w l idk ;f \ pdw0f n d mOf twGi;f ok?Yd 0dnmOfawmfb&k m;used ;f 0yfvsuf ,HMk unfow l idk ;f wk\ Yd uk, d f cE¨monf bk&m;ocif\Adrmef awmf (oufjrwfausmufwpfckpD taejzihf) jzpfvmMu&ygonf/ ({zuf 3;14-18)/

oaE¨om;zsufcs&jcif;\ taMumif;&if;

xkdYaMumifh ocifbk&m;\ nDawmf&iS , f 'k u? igwk\ Yd ,HMk unf

onf rdrdckdvIH&mjzpfonf[k >ruf qkd0efcHygonf/ (qm? 91) ,aeY avmuBuD ; xJ ü w&m;ojzif h touf&SifaeMuolrsm; &SdMuo vkd rw&m;pGmjyKí toufarG;ae

page 14

Muolrsm;vnf; &SdMuygonf/ or® usrf;pmü rw&m;aomolrlum; avwkdufívGifhoGm;aom zGJESifhwl aMumif; ckid ;f EIid ;f azmfjyxm;ygonf/

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rnfrQ0rf;enf;rnfenf;/ ,aeY uREkfyfwkdYtoufwmü £oa&v vlwkdYuJhokdY 'kp½kdufukd jyKrdygu aemifw&í ukd,fawmfxHokdY jyef vmMuzkYd owday;vkyd gonf/ ud, k f awmfonf uREkfyfwkdYtm; aumif; Bu;D ay;vkí d apmifah eawmfral om t&Sijf zpfygonf/

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