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Cambodia

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Cambodia

bf. 1863

1863 - 20 Oct 1948

1942 - 1945 (possible during occupation)

1887 - 1942; 1945 - 29 Oct 1948

9 Oct 1970 - 17 Apr 1975 20 Oct 1948 - 9 Oct 1970; 17 Apr 1975 - 5 Jan 1976

5 Jan 1976 - 7 Jan 1979

7 Jan 1979 - 1 May 1989

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1 May 1989 - 24 Jun 1992

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Re-adopted 30 Jun 1993

24 Jun 1992 - 30 Jun 1993

Map of Cambodia

Hear National Anthem "Nokoreach"

Text of National Anthem 1941-1970, 1975-76, Re-adopted 1993

Constitution (21 Sep 1993)

Hear Anthem 1970-1975

Hear Anthem 1976-1979 "Dap Prampi Mesa Chokchey" (Glorious Seventeenth of April)

Hear Anthem 1979-1989?

Texts of Former Anthems

Capital: Phnom Penh (Udong 1505-15.., 1618-1865; Lovek 1528-1566, 1576-94; Pursat 15.. -1528; Phnom Penh 1434-1505; Tuol Basan 1431-34; Angkor 802-1431, 1566-76)

Currency: Riel (KHR)

National Holiday: 9 Nov (1953) Independence Day

Population: 13,995,904 (2007)

Ethnic groups: Khmer 85.2%, Chinese 6.4%, Vietnamese 3%, Cham 2.5%, Lao 0.2%, other 2.3% (2000) Religions: Theravada Buddhist 84.7%, Chinese folk Total Armed Forces: 125,000 (2003) religionist 4.7%, traditioanl beliefs 4.3% Muslim 2.3%, Merchant marine: 544 ships (2006) Christian 1.1%, other 2.9% (2000) International Organizations/Treaties: ADB, APM, ARF, ASEAN, BTWC, CTBT, CWC, EAS, FAO, G-77, IBRD, ICAO, ICCt, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO (subscriber), ITU, KP, MIGA, NAM, NPT, OIF, OPCW, PCA, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNFCC, UNHCR, UNIDO, UNWTO, UPU, WCO, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO GDP: $36.7 billion (2006)

Exports: $3.38 billion (2006) Imports: $4.44 billion (2006)

Chronology

Cambodia Index

Democratic Kampuchea in Exile (1979-1993, 1994-1998)

802 c.1340 1369 13.. 1431 1710 1720 1834 -

1375 1389 c.1620 1720 1834 1845

Khmer (Angkor) Empire Kingdom of Cambodia Occupied by Siam. Occupied by Siam. Vassal of Siam. Vassal of Vietnam. Vassal of Siam. Vassal of Vietnam.

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Cambodia Historical Maps

1846 11 Aug 17 Oct 23 Mar

11 Aug 1863 1863 1887 1907

16 Jun 1940 - 9 Mar 1945 11 Mar 1941 - Jan 1947 9 18 8 9 20 9 5

Mar Mar Nov Nov Dec Oct Jan

1945 - 15 Aug 1945 1945 1949 1953 1954 1970 1976

7 Jan 1979 7 Jan 1979 - 25 Sep 1989 1 May 1989 15 Mar 1992 - 30 Jun 1993 24 Sep 1993

Under joint suzerainty of Siam and Vietnam. French protectorate. Part of the French Indochina (see Vietnam). Battambang, Siem Reap, and Srisophon ceded by Siam to Cambodia. French administration loyal to Vichy France. Battambang, Siem Reap, and Srisophon provinces annexed by Thailand. Occupied by Japan (de facto since 28 Jul 1941). Independence proclaimed (Kingdom of Cambodia). French associated state Independence (Kingdom of Cambodia). Independence recognized by France. Khmer Republic Democratic Kampuchea (retains UN recognition until 20 Nov 1991). People's Republic of Kampuchea (not recognized by the UN). Occupied by Vietnam. State of Cambodia Under United Nations Transitional Authority in Cambodia (UNTAC) administration. Kingdom of Cambodia (restored).

Secretary-general of the Kampuchean Communist Party (KCP) Feb 1963 - 7 Jan 1979 Pol Pot (Saloth Sar) Secretaries-general of the People's Revolutionary (Communist) 29 May 1981 - 5 Dec 1981 Pen Sovan 5 Dec 1981 - Oct 1991 Heng Samrin

(b. 1925 - d. 1998) Party of Kampuchea (PRPK) (b. 1936) (b. 1934)

Kings 1699 - 1701 1701 - 1702 1702 - 1703

(b. 1674 - d. 1731) (b. c.1650 - d. 1725) (b. 1690 - d. 1747)

Ang Em (1st time) Chettha IV (3rd time) Thommo Reachea II (1st time)

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1703 - 1706 1706 - 1710 1710 - 1722 1722 - 1738 1738 - 1747 1747 1747 - 1749 1749 - 1755 1755 - 1758 1758 - 1775 1775 - Aug 1779 1779 - 5 May 1796 1796 - 1806 1806 - 1811 1811 - 1812 1812 - 13 May 1813 13 May 1813 - Dec 1834 1835 - Aug 1840 1841 - 1844 1844 - 1845 1845 - 19 Oct 1860 19 Oct 1860 - 25 Apr 1904 25 Apr 1904 - 9 Aug 1927 9 Aug 1927 - 24 Apr 1941 24 Apr 1941 - 3 Mar 1955 3 Mar 1955 - 3 Apr 1960 Heads of state 3 Apr 1960 - 6 Apr 1960 6 Apr 1960 - 13 Jun 1960 13 Jun 1960 - 20 Jun 1960 20 Jun 1960 - 18 Mar 1970

10 Jul 1960 - 18 Mar 1970

Chettha IV (4th time) Thommo Reachea II (2nd time) Ang Em (2nd time) Satha II Ang Chey Thommo Reachea II (3rd time) Thommo Reachea III Ang Tong (1st time) Chettha V Ang Tong (2nd time) Outey II Ang Non II Ang Eng Pok -Regent Ang Chan II (1st time) Ang Em -Regent Ang Snguon -Regent Ang Chan II (2nd time) Ang Mey -Queen (1st time) Ang Duong (1st time) Ang Mey -Queen (2nd time) Ang Duong (2nd time) Norodom Sisowath Sisowath Monivong Norodom Sihanouk (1st time) Norodom Suramarit

(s.a.) (s.a.) (s.a.) (d. 1749) (s.a.) (b. 1705 (b. 1693 (b. 1709 (s.a.) (b. 1739 (b. 1739 (b. 1773 (b. 1791 (b. 1794 (b. 1794 (s.a.) (b. 1815 (b. 1796 (s.a.) (s.a.) (b. 1834 (b. 1840 (b. 1875 (b. 1922) (b. 1896 -

d. 1747) d. 1757) d. 1755) d. 1777) d. 1779) d. 1796) d. 1835) d. 1844) d. 1822) d. 1875) d. 1860)

d. 1904) d. 1927) d. 1941) d. 1960)

Chuop Hell (1st time) (acting) (b. 1909 - d. 19..) Prince Sisowath Monireth (b. 1909 - d. 1975) (chairman Regency Council) Chuop Hell (2nd time) (acting) (s.a.) Prince Norodom Sihanouk (1st time) (s.a.) (in Beijing, China exile 5 May 1970 - 17 Apr 1975 as Head of State, FUNK) Queen Sisowath Monivong Kossamak (b. 1904 - d. 1975) Nearireath

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Non-party

Non-party

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18 Mar 1970 - 10 Mar 1972 10 Mar 1972 - 14 Mar 1972 Presidents 14 Mar 1972 - 12 Apr 1975 1 Apr 1975 - 12 Apr 1975 12 Apr 1975 - 17 Apr 1975

(Ceremonial Head of state)¹ Cheng Heng (acting to 9 Oct 1970) Lon Nol Lon Nol Saukham Khoy (acting for Lon Nol) Sak Suthsakan (chairman Supreme Committee)

(b. 1916 - d. 1996) (b. 1913 - d. 1985)

Mil

(s.a.) (b. 1915 - d. 1986)

Mil/SRP SRP

(b. 1928 - d. 1994)

Mil

Head of state 17 Apr 1975 - 11 Apr 1976 Prince Norodom Sihanouk (2nd time) (s.a.) Chairman of the State Presidium 11 Apr 1976 - 7 Jan 1979 Khieu Samphan (b. 1931) President of the People's Revolutionary Council 7 Jan 1979 - 27 Jun 1981 Heng Samrin (s.a.) Chairmen of the Council of State 27 Jun 1981 - 6 Apr 1992 Heng Samrin (s.a.) 6 Apr 1992 - 14 Jun 1993 Chea Sim (b. 1932) Chairman of the Supreme National Council 20 Nov 1991 - 14 Jun 1993 Prince Norodom Sihanouk (s.a.) Head of state 14 Jun 1993 - 24 Sep 1993 Prince Norodom Sihanouk (3rd time) (s.a.) Kings 24 Sep 1993 - 6 Oct 2004 Norodom Sihanouk (2nd time) (s.a.) (in self-imposed exile from 10 Apr 2004) 6 Oct 1993 - 8 Apr 1994 Samdech Chea Sim (1st time) (s.a.) (acting head of state) 18 May 1994 - 4 Jan 1995 Samdech Chea Sim (2nd time) (s.a.) (acting head of state) 10 Apr 2004 - 13 Jul 2004 Samdech Chea Sim (3rd time) (s.a.) (acting head of state) 13 Jul 2004 - 22 Jul 2004 Nhek Bun Chhay (b. 1956) (acting head of state) 22 Jul 2004 - 20 Oct 2004 Samdech Chea Sim (4th time) (s.a.) (acting head of state)

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FUNK KCP PRPK PRPK PRPK FUNCINPEC Non-party

KPK KPK KPK FUNCINPEC KPK

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14 Oct 2004 -

Norodom Sihamoni

Prime ministers 18 Mar 1945 - 13 14 Aug 1945 - 16 17 Oct 1945 - 15 15 Dec 1946 - 17 25 Jul 1947 - 20 20 Feb 1948 - 14 14 Aug 1948 - 21 12 Feb 1949 - 20 20 Sep 1949 - 29 29 Sep 1949 - 28 28 Apr 1950 - 30 30 May 1950 - 3

Aug Oct Dec Jul Feb Aug Jan Sep Sep Apr May Mar

1945 1945 1946 1947 1948 1948 1949 1949 1949 1950 1950 1951

3 13 16 24 23 7 18 26 3 5 1 3 15 25 9 26 11 17 29 10

Oct Jun Jan Nov Apr Apr Jan Oct Jan Feb Mar Jul Oct Apr Jul Jan Jan Apr Jul Apr

1951 1952 1953 1953 1954 1954 1955 1955 1956 1956 1956 1956 1956 1957 1957 1958 1958 1958 1958 1960

Mar Oct Jun Jan Nov Apr Apr Jan Oct Jan Mar Apr Sep Oct Apr Jul Jan Jan Apr Jul

1951 1951 1952 1953 1953 1954 1954 1955 1955 1956 1956 1956 1956 1956 1957 1957 1958 1958 1958 1958

-

12 16 24 22 7 18 26 3 5 29 24 29 15 9 7 11 17 10 10 19

(b. 1953)

Norodom Sihanouk (1st time) (s.a.) Son Ngoc Thanh (1st time) (b. 1908 Prince Sisovath Monireth (s.a.) Prince Sisovath Youtevong (b. 1913 Prince Sisowath Watchayavong (b. 1891 Chhean Vam (b. 1916 Samdech Penn Nouth (1st time) (b. 1906 Yem Sambaur (1st time) (b. 1913 Ieu Koeus (b. 1905 Yem Sambaur (2nd time) (s.a.) Norodom Sihanouk (2nd time) (s.a.) Samdech Krom Luong Sisowath (b. 1912 Monipong Oum Chheang Sun (1st time) (b. 1900 Huy Kanthoul (b. 1909 Norodom Sihanouk (3rd time) (s.a.) Samdech Penn Nouth (2nd time) (s.a.) Chan Nak (b. 1892 Norodom Sihanouk (4th time) (s.a.) Samdech Penn Nouth (3rd time) (s.a.) Leng Ngeth (b. 1900 Prince Norodom Sihanouk (5th time) (s.a.) Oum Chheang Sun (2nd time) (s.a.) Prince Norodom Sihanouk (6th time) (s.a.) Khim Tit (b. 1896 Prince Norodom Sihanouk (7th time)(s.a.) Sam Yun (b. 1905 Prince Norodom Sihanouk (8th time) (s.a.) Sim Var (1st time) (b. 1906 Ek Yi Oun (b. 1910) Samdech Penn Nouth (4th time) (s.a.) Sim Var (2nd time) (s.a.) Prince Norodom Sihanouk (9th time) (s.a.)

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Non-party d. 1977) d. d. d. d. d. d.

1947) 1972) 2000) 1985) 1989) 1950)

d. 1956) d. 19..) d. 1991)

Non-party PD PD PD PD PD PD PD Non-party KRP

PD Non-party PD

d. 1954)

d. 19..)

d. 19..) d. 1974) d. 1989)

Non-party PD PD SRN SRN SRN SRN SRN SRN SRN SRN SRN SRN SRN SRN

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19 28 17 13 6 6 25 1 31 14 5

Apr Jan Nov Feb Aug Oct Oct May Jan Aug May

1960 1961 1961 1962 1962 1962 1966 1967 1968 1969 1970

-

28 17 13 6 6 25 1 31 14 11 17

Jan Nov Feb Aug Oct Oct May Jan Aug Mar Apr

1961 1961 1962 1962 1962 1966 1967 1968 1969 1972 1975

Pho Proeung (b. 1903 Samdech Penn Nouth (5th time) (s.a.) Prince Norodom Sihanouk (10th time)(s.a.) Nhiek Tioulong (acting) (b. 1908 Chau Sen Cocsal Chhum (b. 1905) Prince Norodom Kantol (b. 1920 Lon Nol (1st time) (s.a.) Son Sann (b. 1911 Samdech Penn Nouth (6th time) (s.a.) Lon Nol (2nd time) (s.a.) Samdech Penn Nouth (s.a.) (in Beijing, China exile) 11 Mar 1972 - 18 Mar 1972 Prince Sisowath Sirik Matak (b. 1914 18 Mar 1972 - 15 Oct 1972 Son Ngoc Thanh (2nd time) (s.a.) 15 Oct 1972 - 6 May 1973 Hang Thun Hak (b. 1926 6 May 1973 - 9 Dec 1973 In Tam (b. 1922 26 Dec 1973 - 17 Apr 1975 Long Boret (b. 1932 17 Apr 1975 - 4 Apr 1976 Samdech Penn Nouth (7th time) (s.a.) 4 Apr 1976 - 13 May 1976 Khieu Samphan (s.a.) 13 May 1976 - 7 Jan 1979 Pol Pot (s.a.) Chairmen of the Council of Ministers (prime ministers) 27 Jun 1981 - 5 Dec 1981 Pen Sovan (s.a.) 5 Dec 1981 - 26 Dec 1984 Chan Sy (b. 1932 (acting to 9 Feb 1982) 14 Jan 1985 - 2 Jul 1993 Hun Sen (b. 1952) Coequal Prime ministers 2 Jul 1993 - 21 Sep 1993 Hun Sen (s.a.) + Prince Norodom Ranariddh (b. 1944) First Prime ministers 21 Sep 1993 - 6 Jul 1997 Prince Norodom Ranariddh (s.a.) 16 Jul 1997 - 30 Nov 1998 Ung Huot (b. 1945) Second Prime minister 21 Sep 1993 - 30 Nov 1998 Samdech Hun Sen (s.a.) Prime Minister 30 Nov 1998 Samdech Hun Sen (s.a.)

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d. 19..)

d. 1996) d. 1976) d. 2000)

Non-party SRN SRN SRN SRN SRN SRN/Mil SRN SRN SRN/Mil FUNK

d. 1975)

Non-party

d. 1975) d. 2006) d. 1975)

SRP SRP SRP FUNK KCP KCP

d. 1984)

PRPK PRPK PRPK/KPK KPK FUNCINPEC FUNCINPEC FUNCINPEC KPK KPK

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Head of the UN Transitional Authority 15 Mar 1992 - 26 Sep 1993 Yasushi Akashi (Japan)

(b. 1931)

French Representatives Apr 1863 - Jul 1866

(b. 1823 - d. 1868)

Jul 1866 - 20 Feb 1868 20 Feb 1868 - 10 Mar 1870 10 Mar 1870 - 11 Nov 1870 11 Nov 1870 - 1 Jan 1871 1 Jan 1871 - 6 Jan 6 Jan 1879 - 10 May 10 May 1881 - 12 Aug Residents-general 12 Aug 1885 - 16 Oct 16 Oct 1885 - 17 May 17 May 1886 - 4 Nov 4 Nov 1887 - 10 Mar

1879 1881 1885 1885 1886 1887 1889

10 Mar 1889 - 16 May 1889 Residents-superior 16 May 1889 - 24 Jan 1894 24 Jan 1894 - 4 Aug 1894 4 Aug 1894 - 14 May 1897 14 May 1897 - 16 Jan 1900 16 Jan 1900 3 17 26 25 16

Jun Jul Oct Sep Oct

1901 1902 1902 1904 1905

-

3 Jun 1901 17 26 25 16 29

Jul Oct Sep Oct Dec

1902 1902 1904 1905 1905

Ernest Marc Louis de Gonzague Doudart de Lagrée Armand Pottier (1st time) Jean Moura (1st time) Armand Pottier (2nd time)(acting) Jules Marcel Brossard de Corbigny (acting) Jean Moura (2nd time) Étienne François Aymonier (acting) Augustin Julien Fourès (acting) Jules Victor Renaud (acting) Pierre de Badens (provisional) Jules Georges Piquet Louis Eugène Palasne de Champeaux (acting) Orsini (acting) Louis Albert Huyn de Vernéville (1st time) Félix Léonce Marquant (acting) Louis Albert Huyn de Vernéville (2nd time) Alexandre Antoine Étienne Gustave Ducos Louis Paul Luce (1st time) (acting) Léon Jules Pol Boulloche Charles Pallier (acting) Henri Félix de Lamothe Jules Louis Morel Olivier Charles Arthur de

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(b. 1827 - d. 1885) (b. 1841 - d. 1934) (s.a.) (b. 1844 - d. 1929) (b. 1853 - d. 19..)

(b. 1847 - d. 1897) (b. 1839 - d. 1923) (b. 1840 - d. 1889)

(b. 1845 - d. 1909)

(s.a.) (b. 1851 - d. 1907)

(b. 1855 - d. 19..) (b. 1843 - d. 1926) (b. 1853 - d. 19..)

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29 Dec 1905 - 26 Jul 1911 26 Jul 1911 - 26 Mar 1914 26 25 22 15

Mar Jul Oct Apr

1914 1914 1914 1920

- 25 Jul 1914 - 22 Oct 1914 - 20 Jan 1927 - 6 Dec 1920

6 Dec 1920 - 21 Feb 1921 10 Apr 1922 -

8 May 1924

20 Jan 1927 - 1 Jan 1929 1 Jan 1929 - 12 Jan 1929 12 Jan 1929 - 4 Mar 1932 4 Mar 1932 - 15 Jan 1935 15 Jan 1935 - 12 Dec 1936 12 Dec 1936 - 29 Dec 1941 29 Dec 1941 - 2 Mar 1943 2 Mar 1943 - Nov 1944 Nov 1944 - 9 Mar 1945

14 Mar 1945 - Aug 1945 1945 - 15 Oct 1945 Commissioners 15 Oct 1945 10 Apr 1946 20 May 1947 20 Oct 1948 -

10 20 20 26

Apr May Oct Feb

1946 1947 1948 1949

Lalande de Calan (acting) Louis Paul Luce (2nd time) Antoine Georges Amédée Ernest (b. 1863 Outrey (acting to 8 Oct 1911) Xavier Tessarech (acting) Maurice Le Gallen (acting) François Marius Baudouin Georges Maspéro (b. 1872 (acting for Baudouin) Joseph Létang (acting for Baudouin) Victor Édouard Marie (b. 1870 L'Helgoualc'h (acting for Baudouin) Aristide Eugène Le Fol Achille Louis Auguste Silvestre (1st time) (acting) Fernand Marie Joseph Antoine Lavit Achille Louis Auguste Silvestre (2nd time) (acting to 7 Dec 1932) Henri Louis Marie Richomme (acting) Léon Emmanuel Thibaudeau (b. 1883 (acting to 16 Jun 1937) Jean de Lens (acting) Georges Armand Léon Gauthier André Joseph Berjoan (acting) (1st time) (Japanese prisoner 9 Mar 1945-Aug 1945) Kubo -Japanese Supreme Adviser André Joseph Berjoan (acting) (2nd time) Huard Romain Victor Pénavaire Léon Marie Adolphe Pascal Pignon Lucien Vincent Loubet (acting)

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- d. 1941)

- d. 1942)

- d. 1968)

- d. 1946)

(b. 1908 - d. 1976)

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26 Feb 1949 - 29 Oct 1951 29 Oct 1951 - 16 May 1952 16 May 1952 - 9 Nov 1953

Jean Léon François Marie de Raymond Yves Digo Jean Risterucci

(b. 1907 - d. 1951) (b. 1897 - d. 1974) (b. 1911 - d. 1982)

Democratic Kampuchea in Exile

7 Jan 1979 22 Jun 1982

3 Feb 1990 2 Jul 1993 Jul 1994 - 1998

Presidents 7 Jan 1979 - 22 Jun 1982 22 Jun 1982 - Jul 1988 Jul 1988 - Feb 1989 Feb 1989 - Jul 1991 Jul 1991 -

2 Jul 1993

Prime ministers 7 Jan 1979 - Dec 1979 Dec 1979 - 22 Jun 1982

Vietnamese forces occupy Phnom Penh. Coalition government of Democratic Kampuchea formed, it retains UN recognition (after establishment of the Vietnam-backed People's Republic of Kampuchea) and operates in exile and in far western provinces along border with Thailand. Renamed the National Government of Cambodia. Dissolved. Khmer Rouge set up a Provisional government at Pailin by after failure to reach settlement with the government. Defections, loss of area to government forces 1997-98 led to its collapse.

Khieu Samphan Nordom Sihanouk (1st time) (in Beijing, China exile) Vacant Nordom Sihanouk (in Beijing, China exile) Son Sann (acting)

(s.a.) (s.a.)

KCP/KRP FUNCINPEC

(s.a.)

FUNCINPEC

(s.a.)

KPNLF

Pol Pot Khieu Samphan (1st time)

(s.a.) (s.a.)

KCP KCP/KRP

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Son Sann Khieu Samphan (2nd time)

(s.a.) (s.a.)

KPNLF KCP/KRP

¹On 10 Jul 1960, Prince Norodom Sihanouk (s.a.) appointed his mother Queen Kossamak (s.a.) as the "Ceremonial Head of State, Symbol, Incarnation and Representative of the Crown." Afterwards she carried out the ceremonial duties connected to the monarchy, and was in effect Queen Regnant without reigning. Territorial Disputes: Cambodia and Thailand dispute sections of boundary with missing boundary markers and Thai encroachments into Cambodian territory; maritime boundary with Vietnam is hampered by unresolved dispute over offshore islands; Cambodia accuses Thailand of obstructing access to Preah Vihear temple ruins awarded to Cambodia by ICJ decision in 1962; in 2004 Cambodian-Laotian and Laotian-Vietnamese boundary commissions re-erected missing markers completing most of their demarcations. Party abbreviations: KPK = Kanakpak Pracheachon Kâmpuchéa (Cambodian People's Party, extreme left, authoritarian); FUNCINPEC = Front Uni National pour Indépendant, Neutre, Paisible et Coopératif un Cambodge (National United Front for an Independent, Neutral, Peaceful and Cooperative Cambodia, monarchist, est.1981); PSR = Pak Sam Rainsy (Sam Rainsy Party, centerist, est.1995); Mil = Military; - Former parties: FUNK = Front Uni National du Kampuchéa (National United Front of Kampuchea, coalition of Sihanoukists and the Khmer Rouge May 1970-75); GRUNK = Gouvernement Royal d'Union Nationale du Kampuchéa (Royal Government of National Union of Kampuchea, May 1970-75); KPNLF = Khmer People's National Liberation Front (anti-Vietnamese); KCP = Kampuchean Communist Party (known publicly as Angkar Loeu "High Organization", actually the Khmer Rouge, from Sep 1977, officially announced to be the Kampuchean Communist Party); KRP = "Khmer Rouge" (Kampuchean Communist Party, Maoist, xenophobic); PD = Parti Démocratique (Democratic Party, pro-independence, democratic 1946-57); PRPK = People's Revolutionary (Communist) Party of Kampuchea (Communist, pro-Vietnam); SRP = Social Republican Party (republican, Lon Nol personalist); KRP = Khmer Renovation Party (right-wing, ally of DP); SRN = Sangkum Reastr Niyum (Popular Socialist Community, nationalist, left/conservative 1955-70)

©2000 Ben Cahoon

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