Workbook 4rd Issue

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M·ıËÌ·ÙÈο Aã¢ËÌÔÙÈÎÔ‡ M·ıËÌ·ÙÈο Ù˘ º‡Û˘ Î·È Ù˘ Zˆ‹˜

TÂÙÚ¿‰ÈÔ EÚÁ·ÛÈÒÓ TETAPTO TEYXO™

™Y°°PAºEI™

KPITE™-A•IO§O°HTE™

EIKONO°PAºH™H ºI§O§O°IKH E¶IME§EIA Y¶EY£YNO™ TOY MA£HMATO™ KATA TH ™Y°°PAºH Y¶EY£YNH TOY Y¶OEP°OY

E•øºY§§O ¶POEKTY¶øTIKE™ EP°A™IE™

÷ڿϷÌÔ˜ §ÂÌÔÓ›‰Ë˜, ∫·ıËÁËÙ‹˜ ÙÔ˘ ¶·ÓÂÈÛÙËÌ›Ô˘ ¢˘ÙÈ΋˜ ª·Î‰ÔÓ›·˜ Aı·Ó¿ÛÈÔ˜ £ÂÔ‰ÒÚÔ˘, ∂Î·È‰Â˘ÙÈÎfi˜ A¯ÈÏϤ·˜ K·„¿Ï˘, K·ıËÁËÙ‹˜ ÙÔ˘ ¶·ÓÂÈÛÙËÌ›Ô˘ M·Î‰ÔÓ›·˜ ¢ËÌ‹ÙÚÈÔ˜ ¶ÓÂ˘Ì·ÙÈÎfi˜, §¤ÎÙÔÚ·˜ ÙÔ˘ ¶·ÓÂÈÛÙËÌ›Ô˘ ¢˘ÙÈ΋˜ M·Î‰ÔÓ›·˜ £ÂÔ‰fiÛÈÔ˜ Z·¯·ÚÈ¿‰Ë˜, AÓ·ÏËÚˆÙ‹˜ K·ıËÁËÙ‹˜ ÙÔ˘ ¶·ÓÂÈÛÙËÌ›Ô˘ AıËÓÒÓ M·Ú›· KÔÙÛ·ÎÒÛÙ·, ™¯ÔÏÈ΋ ™‡Ì‚Ô˘ÏÔ˜ £ÂfiÊÈÏÔ˜ T˙ÒÚÙ˙˘, ∂Î·È‰Â˘ÙÈÎfi˜

∫ˆÓÛÙ·ÓÙ›ÓÔ˜ ∞ÚÒÓ˘, ™ÎÈÙÛÔÁÚ¿ÊÔ˜-∂ÈÎÔÓÔÁÚ¿ÊÔ˜ ºÚfiÛˆ •ÈÍ‹, ºÈÏfiÏÔÁÔ˜

°ÂÒÚÁÈÔ˜ ∆‡·˜, ªfiÓÈÌÔ˜ ¶¿Ú‰ÚÔ˜ ÙÔ˘ ¶·È‰·ÁˆÁÈÎÔ‡ πÓÛÙÈÙÔ‡ÙÔ˘ M·Ú›· XÈÔÓ›‰Ô˘-MÔÛÎÔÊfiÁÏÔ˘, E›ÎÔ˘ÚÔ˜ K·ıËÁ‹ÙÚÈ· ÙÔ˘ ¶·ÓÂÈÛÙËÌ›Ô˘ AÈÁ·›Ô˘ AÓ‰Ú¤·˜ °ÎÔÏÊÈÓfiÔ˘ÏÔ˜, ∂ÈηÛÙÈÎfi˜ ∫·ÏÏÈÙ¤¯Ó˘

ACCESS °Ú·ÊÈΤ˜ T¤¯Ó˜ A.E.

°ã ∫.¶.™. / ∂¶∂∞∂∫ ππ / ∂Ó¤ÚÁÂÈ· 2.2.1. / ∫·ÙËÁÔÚ›· ¶Ú¿ÍÂˆÓ 2.2.1.·: «∞Ó·ÌfiÚʈÛË ÙˆÓ ÚÔÁÚ·ÌÌ¿ÙˆÓ ÛÔ˘‰ÒÓ Î·È Û˘ÁÁÚ·Ê‹ Ó¤ˆÓ ÂÎ·È‰Â˘ÙÈÎÒÓ ·Î¤ÙˆÓ» ¶∞π¢∞°ø°π∫√ π¡™∆π∆√À∆√ ªÈ¯¿Ï˘ ∞Á. ¶··‰fiÔ˘ÏÔ˜ √ÌfiÙÈÌÔ˜ ∫·ıËÁËÙ‹˜ ÙÔ˘ ∞.¶.£. ¶Úfi‰ÚÔ˜ ÙÔ˘ ¶·È‰·ÁˆÁÈÎÔ‡ πÓÛÙÈÙÔ‡ÙÔ˘ ¶Ú¿ÍË Ì ٛÙÏÔ:

«™˘ÁÁÚ·Ê‹ Ó¤ˆÓ ‚È‚Ï›ˆÓ Î·È ·Ú·ÁˆÁ‹ ˘ÔÛÙËÚÈÎÙÈÎÔ‡ ÂÎ·È‰Â˘ÙÈÎÔ‡ ˘ÏÈÎÔ‡ Ì ‚¿ÛË ÙÔ ¢∂¶¶™ Î·È Ù· ∞¶™ ÁÈ· ÙÔ ¢ËÌÔÙÈÎfi Î·È ÙÔ NËÈ·ÁˆÁ›Ի ∂ÈÛÙËÌÔÓÈÎfi˜ À‡ı˘ÓÔ˜ ŒÚÁÔ˘ °ÂÒÚÁÈÔ˜ ∆‡·˜ MfiÓÈÌÔ˜ ¶¿Ú‰ÚÔ˜ ÙÔ˘ ¶·È‰·ÁˆÁÈÎÔ‡ πÓÛÙÈÙÔ‡ÙÔ˘ ∞Ó·ÏËÚˆÙ‹˜ ∂ÈÛÙËÌÔÓÈÎfi˜ À‡ı˘ÓÔ˜ ŒÚÁÔ˘ °ÂÒÚÁÈÔ˜ √ÈÎÔÓfiÌÔ˘ MfiÓÈÌÔ˜ ¶¿Ú‰ÚÔ˜ ÙÔ˘ ¶·È‰·ÁˆÁÈÎÔ‡ πÓÛÙÈÙÔ‡ÙÔ˘

ŒÚÁÔ Û˘Á¯ÚËÌ·ÙÔ‰ÔÙÔ‡ÌÂÓÔ 75% ·fi ÙÔ ∂˘Úˆ·˚Îfi ∫ÔÈÓˆÓÈÎfi ∆·ÌÂ›Ô Î·È 25% ·fi ÂıÓÈÎÔ‡˜ fiÚÔ˘˜.

À¶√Àƒ°∂π√ ∂£¡π∫∏™ ¶∞π¢∂π∞™ ∫∞𠣃∏™∫∂Àª∞∆ø¡ ¶∞π¢∞°ø°π∫√ π¡™∆π∆√À∆√

÷ڿϷÌÔ˜ §ÂÌÔÓ›‰Ë˜ Aı·Ó¿ÛÈÔ˜ £ÂÔ‰ÒÚÔ˘ A¯ÈÏϤ·˜ K·„¿Ï˘ ¢ËÌ‹ÙÚÈÔ˜ ¶ÓÂ˘Ì·ÙÈÎfi˜

ANA¢OXO™ ™Y°°PAºH™: ∂§§∏¡π∫∞ °ƒ∞ªª∞∆∞ ∞.∂.

M·ıËÌ·ÙÈο Aã¢ËÌÔÙÈÎÔ‡ M·ıËÌ·ÙÈο Ù˘ º‡Û˘ Î·È Ù˘ Zˆ‹˜

TÂÙÚ¿‰ÈÔ EÚÁ·ÛÈÒÓ TETAPTO TEYXO™

OP°ANI™MO™ EK¢O™Eø™ ¢I¢AKTIKøN BIB§IøN A£HNA

¢ÔÌ‹ ÙÔ˘ ‚È‚Ï›Ô˘ AÚÈıÌfi˜ ÎÂÊ·Ï·›Ô˘

Xڈ̷ÙÈο ۇ̂ÔÏ· K¿ı ÎÂÊ¿Ï·ÈÔ, ·Ó¿ÏÔÁ· Ì ÙË ıÂÌ·ÙÈ΋ ÂÚÈÔ¯‹ ÛÙËÓ ÔÔ›· ·Ó·Ê¤ÚÂÙ·È, ¤¯ÂÈ ¤Ó· ¯ÚÒÌ·. OÈ ÂÚÈÔ¯¤˜ Â›Ó·È ÔÈ ÂÍ‹˜: AÚÈıÌÔ›

T›ÙÏÔ˜ ÎÂÊ·Ï·›Ô˘

™‡Ì‚ÔÏÔ - ÎÏÂȉ› ÁÈ· ÙÔ Â›‰Ô˜ Ù˘ ÂÚÁ·Û›·˜ Ô˘ ·ÎÔÏÔ˘ı› *

¶Ú¿ÍÂȘ °ÂˆÌÂÙÚ›· MÂÙÚ‹ÛÂȘ ¶ÚÔ‚Ï‹Ì·Ù· E·Ó¿ÏË„Ë

EÈÎÔÓ›‰È·

(ۇ̂ÔÏ· ÎÏÂȉȿ)

™ÙËÓ Â¿Óˆ ·ÚÈÛÙÂÚ‹ ÁˆÓ›· οı ‰Ú·ÛÙËÚÈfiÙËÙ·˜ ˘¿Ú¯ÂÈ ¤Ó· ·fi Ù· ·ÎfiÏÔ˘ı· ۇ̂ÔÏ·: O ¶˘ı·ÁfiÚ·˜ Ô˘ ÛΤÊÙÂÙ·È - ™‡Ì‚ÔÏÔ ÛΤ„˘:: EÌÊ·Ó›˙ÂÙ·È Û ‰Ú·ÛÙËÚÈfiÙËÙ˜ ÓÔÂÚÒÓ ˘ÔÏÔÁÈÛÌÒÓ. H ̤ÏÈÛÛ· - ™‡Ì‚ÔÏÔ ÂÚÁ·ÙÈÎfiÙËÙ·˜: EÌÊ·Ó›˙ÂÙ·È Û ‰Ú·ÛÙËÚÈfiÙËÙ˜ ÂÊ·ÚÌÔÁ‹˜ Î·È ÂÌ¤‰ˆÛ˘. O Û·ÏÔ˜ ȯÓËÏ¿Ù˘ - ™‡Ì‚ÔÏÔ ·Ó·Î¿Ï˘„˘ : EÌÊ·Ó›˙ÂÙ·È ÛÙȘ ‰Ú·ÛÙËÚÈfiÙËÙ˜ Ô˘ ÂÈÛ¿ÁÔ˘Ó ÙÔ˘˜ Ì·ıËÙ¤˜ ÛÙË Ó¤· ÁÓÒÛË. O ÂϤʷÓÙ·˜ - ™‡Ì‚ÔÏÔ ÌÓ‹Ì˘: EÌÊ·Ó›˙ÂÙ·È ÛÙȘ ‰Ú·ÛÙËÚÈfiÙËÙ˜ Â·Ó¿Ï˄˘. OÌ¿‰· Ì·ıËÙÒÓ - ™‡Ì‚ÔÏÔ ÔÌ·‰ÈÎfiÙËÙ·˜: EÌÊ·Ó›˙ÂÙ·È Û ‰Ú·ÛÙËÚÈfiÙËÙ˜ Ô˘ Â›Ó·È ‰˘Ó·Ùfi Ó· Á›ÓÔ˘Ó Û ÔÌ¿‰Â˜.

4

AÚÈıÌfi˜ ÛÂÏ›‰·˜

¢

˘

˘ Ô › Ï ‚ È ¢ÔÌ‹ ÙÔ˘ ‚ AÚÈıÌfi˜ ‰Ú·ÛÙËÚÈfiÙËÙ·˜

¢È‰·ÎÙÈÎÔ› ÛÙfi¯ÔÈ ÙÔ˘ ÎÂÊ·Ï·›Ô˘

™ËÌ›ˆÛË ÁÈ· ÙÔ ‰¿ÛηÏÔ ÛÙÔ˘˜ ÓÔÂÚÔ‡˜ ˘ÔÏÔÁÈÛÌÔ‡˜ 5

OÈ ‹ÚˆÂ˜ ÙÔ˘ ‚È‚ Ï›Ô˘ ¶˘ı·ÁfiÚ·˜ Ô ™¿ÌÈÔ˜

(ÂÚ›Ô˘ 600 .Ã.)

O ¶˘ı·ÁfiÚ·˜ ‹Ù·Ó ¤Ó·˜ ÛÔ˘‰·›Ô˜ Ì·ıËÌ·ÙÈÎfi˜ Ù˘ ·Ú¯·ÈfiÙËÙ·˜ Ô˘ ÁÂÓÓ‹ıËΠÛÙË ™¿ÌÔ. ÿ‰Ú˘Û ÌÈ· Û¯ÔÏ‹, ÙË Û¯ÔÏ‹ ÙˆÓ ¶˘ı·ÁÔÚ›ˆÓ, ÔÈ ÔÔ›ÔÈ ÌÂÏÂÙÔ‡Û·Ó ÙË ÊÈÏÔÛÔÊ›·, Ù· Ì·ıËÌ·ÙÈο Î·È ÙȘ ÂÈÛً̘. ∂›¯Â ‰·ÛοÏÔ˘˜ ÌÂÁ¿ÏÔ˘˜ ÛÔÊÔ‡˜ Ù˘ ·Ú¯·ÈfiÙËÙ·˜ Î·È Ù·Í›‰Â„ ÛÙËÓ ∞Û›· Î·È ÙËÓ ∞›Á˘ÙÔ fiÔ˘ ÌÂϤÙËÛ ÙËÓ ·ÈÁ˘Ùȷ΋ ÊÈÏÔÛÔÊ›·, Ù· Ì·ıËÌ·ÙÈο, ÙËÓ ·ÛÙÚÔÓÔÌ›· Î·È ÙËÓ È·ÙÚÈ΋. O ¶˘ı·ÁfiÚ·˜ ¤ÌÂÈÓ ÁÓˆÛÙfi˜ ˆ˜ Ô ¿ÓıÚˆÔ˜ Ô˘ ¤‚ÏÂ ·ÓÙÔ‡ ·ÚÈıÌÔ‡˜.

O ¶˘ı·ÁfiÚ·˜

H KÔÚ›Ó·

6

O

˘

‚ È Ï ‚ › Ô ˘ ˘ Ô Ù OÈ ‹ÚˆÂ˜ À·Ù›· Ë ∞ÏÂÍ·Ó‰ÚÈÓ‹

(370-415 Ì.Ã.)

∏ À·Ù›· ‹Ù·Ó Ë ÚÒÙË Á˘Ó·›Î· Ì·ıËÌ·ÙÈÎfi˜ ÛÙËÓ πÛÙÔÚ›·. °ÂÓÓ‹ıËΠÛÙËÓ ∞ÏÂÍ¿Ó‰ÚÂÈ·. ◊Ù·Ó ÎfiÚË ÙÔ˘ ÊÈÏfiÛÔÊÔ˘ £¤ˆÓ·, ‰È¢ı˘ÓÙ‹ ÙÔ˘ ¶·ÓÂÈÛÙËÌ›Ô˘ Ù˘ ∞ÏÂÍ¿Ó‰ÚÂÈ·˜. °È· ÙÔ ÏfiÁÔ ·˘Ùfi ›¯Â ÙËÓ Ù‡¯Ë Ó· ·ÔÎÙ‹ÛÂÈ Û¿ÓÈ· ÌfiÚʈÛË, Û ÌÈ· ÂÔ¯‹ Ô˘ Ë ı¤ÛË Ù˘ Á˘Ó·›Î·˜ ÛÙËÓ ÎÔÈÓˆÓ›· ‹Ù·Ó Ôχ ‰È·ÊÔÚÂÙÈ΋ ·fi fi,ÙÈ Û‹ÌÂÚ·. ™˘Ó¤¯ÈÛ ÙȘ ÛÔ˘‰¤˜ Ù˘ ÛÙËÓ ∞ı‹Ó· Î·È ÙË ƒÒÌË ÂÓÙ˘ˆÛÈ¿˙ÔÓÙ·˜ fiÏÔ˘˜ fiÛÔÈ ÙËÓ Û˘Ó·Ó·ÛÙÚ¤ÊÔÓÙ·Ó Ì ÙÔ Ó‡̷, ÙË ÛÂÌÓfiÙËÙ·, ÙËÓ ÔÌÔÚÊÈ¿ Î·È ÙËÓ Â˘ÁψÙÙ›· Ù˘. ∂ÈÛÙÚ¤ÊÔÓÙ·˜ ÛÙËÓ ∞ÏÂÍ¿Ó‰ÚÂÈ· Ôχ Û‡ÓÙÔÌ· ·Ó·‰Â›¯ıËΠ۠ÌÂÁ¿ÏË ‰·ÛοϷ Ù˘ ÊÈÏÔÛÔÊ›·˜ Î·È ÙˆÓ Ì·ıËÌ·ÙÈÎÒÓ.

H Y·Ù›·

O MÂϤÙ˘

H ÿÏÓÙ· H B¿Ûˆ

7

¶ÂÚȯfiÌÂÓ·

Xڈ̷ÙÈο ۇ̂ÔÏ· AÚÈıÌÔ› ¶Ú¿ÍÂȘ E·Ó¿ÏË„Ë

°ÂˆÌÂÙÚ›· MÂÙÚ‹ÛÂȘ ¶ÚÔ‚Ï‹Ì·Ù·

8

¢ÔÌ‹ ÙÔ˘ ‚È‚Ï›Ô˘

4-5

OÈ ‹ÚˆÂ˜ ÙÔ˘ ‚È‚Ï›Ô˘

6-7

¶ÂÚȯfiÌÂÓ·

8-9

Ó·

· Ó Â Ì ¶ÂÚȯ fi EÓfiÙËÙ· 8Ë: √π ∞ƒπ£ª√π ª∂Ãπ ∆√ 70 – ¶ƒ∞•∂π™ – ª∂∆ƒ∏™∏ – ™Àªª∂∆ƒπ∞

52 53 54 55 56 57

∫ÂÊ¿Ï·ÈÔ 52Ô: √È ·ÚÈıÌÔ› ̤¯ÚÈ ÙÔ 70 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10-11 ∫ÂÊ¿Ï·ÈÔ 53Ô: ∂ÈÛ·ÁˆÁ‹ ÛÙÔÓ ÔÏÏ·Ï·ÛÈ·ÛÌfi . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12-13 ∫ÂÊ¿Ï·ÈÔ 54Ô: ª¤ÙÚËÛË ÌÂÁÂıÒÓ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14-15 ∫ÂÊ¿Ï·ÈÔ 55Ô: ¶ÚfiÛıÂÛË Î·È ·Ê·›ÚÂÛË ‰È„‹ÊÈˆÓ ·ÚÈıÌÒÓ . . . . 16-17 ∫ÂÊ¿Ï·ÈÔ 56Ô: ∂ÈÛ·ÁˆÁ‹ ÛÙË Û˘ÌÌÂÙÚ›· . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18-19

∫ÂÊ¿Ï·ÈÔ 57Ô: ∂·Ó·ÏËÙÈÎfi Ì¿ıËÌ· . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20-21

°ã ¶ÂÚ›Ô‰Ô˜ ∞ÚÈıÌÔ›: ¶Ú¿ÍÂȘ:

°ÂˆÌÂÙÚ›·: ªÂÙÚ‹ÛÂȘ:

√È ·ÚÈıÌÔ› ̤¯ÚÈ ÙÔ 100. ¶ÚÔÛı¤ÛÂȘ Î·È ·Ê·ÈÚ¤ÛÂȘ ‰È„‹ÊÈˆÓ Î·È ÌÔÓÔ„‹ÊÈˆÓ ·ÚÈıÌÒÓ – ¶ÚÔÛı¤ÛÂȘ Î·È ·Ê·ÈÚ¤ÛÂȘ Ì ˘¤Ú‚·ÛË Ù˘ ‰Âο‰·˜ – ¶ÔÏÏ·Ï·ÛÈ·ÛÌfi˜. ÷ڿÍÂȘ, ·˙Ï, Ï·ÎfiÛÙÚˆÙÔ Î·È ÌˆÛ·˚ο – °ÂˆÌÂÙÚÈο Û¯‹Ì·Ù· – ™˘ÌÌÂÙÚ›·. ª¤ÙÚËÛË Û˘Ó¯ÒÓ ÌÂÁÂıÒÓ – µ¿ÚÔ˜ – ¡ÔÌ›ÛÌ·Ù·.

EÓfiÙËÙ· 9Ë: √π ∞ƒπ£ª√π ª∂Ãπ ∆√ 100 – ¶ƒ∞•∂π™ – µ∞ƒ√™ – °∂øª∂∆ƒπ∫∞ ™Ã∏ª∞∆∞

58 59 60 61 62 63

∫ÂÊ¿Ï·ÈÔ 58Ô: √È ·ÚÈıÌÔ› ̤¯ÚÈ ÙÔ 100 – ÃÚ‹Ì·Ù· . . . . . . . . . . . 22-23 ∫ÂÊ¿Ï·ÈÔ 59Ô: ¶ÔÏÏ·Ï·ÛÈ·ÛÌfi˜ Î·È ‰È·›ÚÂÛË . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24-25 ∫ÂÊ¿Ï·ÈÔ 60fi: µ¿ÚÔ˜ – §ÂÈÙÔ˘ÚÁ›· ˙˘Á·ÚÈ¿˜ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26-27 ∫ÂÊ¿Ï·ÈÔ 61Ô: ÷ڿÍÂȘ Û¯ËÌ¿ÙˆÓ – ¶·˙Ï, Ï·ÎfiÛÙÚˆÙÔ . . . . . . . 28-29 ∫ÂÊ¿Ï·ÈÔ 62Ô: ¶ÚÔ‚Ï‹Ì·Ù· . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30-31 ∫ÂÊ¿Ï·ÈÔ 63Ô: ∂·Ó·ÏËÙÈÎfi Ì¿ıËÌ· . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32-33

9

52

OÈ ·ÚÈıÌÔ› ̤¯ÚÈ ÙÔ 70

1 ¶ÔÈÔÈ ·ÚÈıÌÔ› ›ӷÈ;

= ¢Âο‰Â˜

= MÔÓ¿‰Â˜

ªÂÙÚÒ Î·È Áڿʈ ÙȘ ‰Âο‰Â˜ Î·È ÙȘ ÌÔÓ¿‰Â˜.

¢ M

¢ M

™¯ËÌ·Ù›˙ˆ ÙÔ˘˜ ·ÚÈıÌÔ‡˜ ÛÙÔ˘˜ ¿‚·Î˜.

°Ú¿Êˆ ÙÔ˘˜ ·ÚÈıÌÔ‡˜.

10

¢ M

ÂÓfiÙËÙ·

8 Ë

2 YÔÏÔÁ›˙ˆ Î·È Áڿʈ ÙȘ Ú¿ÍÂȘ.

∆Ô ÍÂÓԉԯ›Ô

3

6Ô˜ fiÚÔÊÔ˜

4Ô˜ fiÚÔÊÔ˜ 3Ô˜ fiÚÔÊÔ˜

1Ô˜ fiÚÔÊÔ˜ IÛfiÁÂÈÔ ™Â οı fiÚÔÊÔ ˘¿Ú¯Ô˘Ó 10 ‰ˆÌ¿ÙÈ·. O ¶ÂÚÈÎÏ‹˜ ̤ÓÂÈ ÛÙÔ ‰ˆÌ¿ÙÈÔ 54. ™Â ÔÈÔÓ fiÚÔÊÔ Â›Ó·È; ∂›Ó·È ÛÙÔÓ ... fiÚÔÊÔ. ∏ ¡·Ù·Ï›· ̤ÓÂÈ ÛÙÔ ‰ˆÌ¿ÙÈÔ 48 Î·È Ô °È¿ÓÓ˘ ÛÙÔ ‰ˆÌ¿ÙÈÔ 70. ª¤ÓÔ˘Ó ÛÙÔÓ ›‰ÈÔ fiÚÔÊÔ; ¡∞π

OÃπ

2. ¶ÚÔÙ›ÓÔ˘Ì ÚÔÛı¤ÛÂȘ Î·È ·Ê·ÈÚ¤ÛÂȘ ‰È„‹ÊÈˆÓ ·ÚÈıÌÒÓ Ì Ï‹ÚÂȘ ‰Âο‰Â˜ ̤¯ÚÈ ÙÔ 70 (.¯. 30 + 40, 70 – 20 Î.Ï.). ¶ÚÔÙ›ÓÔ˘Ì Â›Û˘ ÚÔÛı¤ÛÂȘ Î·È ·Ê·ÈÚ¤ÛÂȘ ‰È„‹ÊÈˆÓ ·ÚÈıÌÒÓ Î·Ù¿ ÙȘ Ôԛ˜ Ô ‰Â‡ÙÂÚÔ˜ ·ÚÈıÌfi˜ Â›Ó·È ‰È„‹ÊÈÔ˜ Ì Ï‹ÚÂȘ ‰Âο‰Â˜ (.¯. 34 + 20, 66 – 30 Î.Ï.). 11

53

∂ÈÛ·ÁˆÁ‹ ÛÙÔÓ ÔÏÏ·Ï·ÛÈ·ÛÌfi

1 ªÂÙÚÒ ·Ó¿ 2 ̤¯ÚÈ ÙÔ 20.

2

4

6

...

20 2

∆· ·È‰È¿, ÚÈÓ Ó· ÌÔ˘Ó ÛÙÔ ‰ˆÌ¿ÙÈÔ, ¤‚Á·Ï·Ó Ù· ·Ô‡ÙÛÈ· ÙÔ˘˜. ¶fiÛ· ·È‰È¿ Â›Ó·È Ì¤Û· ÛÙÔ ‰ˆÌ¿ÙÈÔ;

E›Ó·È

·È‰È¿.

3 ∫¿ı ·ÛÙÂÚ›·˜ ¤¯ÂÈ 5 fi‰È·. ¶fiÛ· fi‰È· ¤¯Ô˘Ó ÔÈ 3 ·ÛÙÂڛ˜; ÊÔÚ¤˜ ÙÔ

=

OÈ 3 ·ÛÙÂڛ˜ ¤¯Ô˘Ó

fi‰È·.

¶fiÛ· fi‰È· ¤¯Ô˘Ó ÔÈ 5 ·ÛÙÂڛ˜; ÊÔÚ¤˜ ÙÔ

OÈ 5 ·ÛÙÂڛ˜ ¤¯Ô˘Ó

12

=

fi‰È·.

1. OÈ Ì·ıËÙ¤˜ ÌÂÙÚÔ‡Ó ·Ó¿ 2 ̤¯ÚÈ ÙÔ 20. ZËÙԇ̠·fi ÙÔ˘˜ Ì·ıËÙ¤˜ Ó· ÍÂÎÈÓÔ‡Ó Î·È ·fi ·ÚÈıÌÔ‡˜ ‰È·ÊÔÚÂÙÈÎÔ‡˜ ·fi ÙÔ Ìˉ¤Ó (.¯. ·fi ÙÔ 6, ÙÔ 12 Î.Ï.).

ÂÓfiÙËÙ·

8 Ë

4 ∏ B¿Ûˆ ·ÁfiÚ·Û 4 ·Î¤Ù· Ì ̷ÛÙ›¯Â˜. ∫¿ı ·Î¤ÙÔ Â›¯Â ̤۷ 5 Ì·ÛÙ›¯Â˜. ¶fiÛ˜ Â›Ó·È fiϘ ÔÈ Ì·ÛÙ›¯Â˜ Ô˘ ·ÁfiÚ·ÛÂ Ë µ¿Ûˆ;

ÊÔÚ¤˜ ÙÔ

=

ŸÏ˜ ÔÈ Ì·ÛÙ›¯Â˜ Â›Ó·È ¶fiÛ· fi‰È· ¤¯Ô˘Ó 4 Û΢ÏÈ¿; ÊÔÚ¤˜ ÙÔ

T· 4 Û΢ÏÈ¿ ¤¯Ô˘Ó

=

fi‰È·.

5 ªÔÈÚ¿˙ˆ ÂÍ›ÛÔ˘ Ù· 12 ·‚Á¿ ÛÙȘ 3 ʈÏȤ˜. ∑ˆÁÚ·Ê›˙ˆ Ù· ·‚Á¿ ÛÙȘ ʈÏȤ˜.

Y¿Ú¯Ô˘Ó

3 ÊÔÚ¤˜ ÙÔ

·‚Á¿ Û οı ʈÏÈ¿.

=

13

54

ª¤ÙÚËÛË ÌÂÁÂıÒÓ

1 ¶fiÛ· ÙÂÙÚ·ÁˆÓ¿ÎÈ· Â›Ó·È ÙÔ Ì‹ÎÔ˜ οı ÌÔÏ˘‚ÈÔ‡; ™˘ÌÏËÚÒÓˆ ÙÔ˘˜ ·ÓÙ›ÛÙÔÈ¯Ô˘˜ ·ÚÈıÌÔ‡˜.

10

2 ∆Ú·‚Ò ÌÈ· ÁÚ·ÌÌ‹ ÈÔ Ì·ÎÚÈ¿ ·fi ·˘Ù‹ Ô˘ ‚Ϥˆ Ì ÎfiÎÎÈÓÔ ¯ÚÒÌ· Î·È ÌÈ· ÈÔ ÎÔÓÙ‹ Ì Ú¿ÛÈÓÔ ¯ÚÒÌ·.

3 Ãڈ̷ٛ˙ˆ Ì ÙÔ ›‰ÈÔ ¯ÚÒÌ· ÙȘ Ú¿‚‰Ô˘˜ Ô˘ ¤¯Ô˘Ó ›‰ÈÔ Ì‹ÎÔ˜.

14

ÂÓfiÙËÙ·

8 Ë

4 ªÈ· ηӿٷ ÁÂÌ›˙ÂÈ ‰‡Ô ÔÙ‹ÚÈ·. Ãڈ̷ٛ˙ˆ Ù· ÔÙ‹ÚÈ· Ô˘ ÁÂÌ›˙Ô˘Ó Î¿ı ÊÔÚ¿ ÔÈ Î·Ó¿Ù˜.

5 ¶·Ú·ÙËÚÒ Ù· ¯ÚˆÌ·ÙÈṲ̂ӷ Û¯‹Ì·Ù·. Ãڈ̷ٛ˙ˆ Ì ÙÔ ·ÓÙ›ÛÙÔÈ¯Ô ¯ÚÒÌ· Ù· ›‰È· Û¯‹Ì·Ù·.

15

55

¶ÚfiÛıÂÛË Î·È ·Ê·›ÚÂÛË ‰È„‹ÊÈˆÓ ·ÚÈıÌÒÓ

1 ÀÔÏÔÁ›˙ˆ Î·È Áڿʈ Ù· ·ÔÙÂϤÛÌ·Ù· ÙˆÓ ڿ͈Ó.

2 ¶fiÛ· ÏÂÙ¿ ˘¿Ú¯Ô˘Ó ÛÙÔ ÎfiÎÎÈÓÔ ÔÚÙÔÊfiÏÈ;

20 + .................................... ¶fiÛ· ÏÂÙ¿ ˘¿Ú¯Ô˘Ó ÛÙÔ Ú¿ÛÈÓÔ ÔÚÙÔÊfiÏÈ; ..................................... ¶fiÛ· ÏÂÙ¿ ˘¿Ú¯Ô˘Ó Î·È ÛÙ· ‰‡Ô ÔÚÙÔÊfiÏÈ· Ì·˙›; ......................................

3

20 ÏÂÙ¿

∆· ¯Ú‹Ì·Ù· Ô˘ ›¯Â Ì·˙› ÙÔ˘ Ô ∞fiÛÙÔÏÔ˜ ‹Ù·Ó ‰‡Ô ÓÔÌ›ÛÌ·Ù· ÙˆÓ 20 ÏÂÙÒÓ Î·È ¤Ó· ÙˆÓ 10 ÏÂÙÒÓ. ∞ÁfiÚ·Û ·fi ÙÔ ÂÚ›ÙÂÚÔ Î·Ú·Ì¤Ï˜ Î·È Ï‹ÚˆÛ 20 ÏÂÙ¿. ¶fiÛ· ÏÂÙ¿ ÙÔ˘ ¤ÌÂÈÓ·Ó; O ∞fiÛÙÔÏÔ˜ ›¯Â ... ÏÂÙ¿. ∆Ô˘ ¤ÌÂÈÓ·Ó... ÏÂÙ¿.

16

1. ¶ÚÔÙ›ÓÔ˘Ì ÛÙÔ˘˜ Ì·ıËÙ¤˜ ÚÔÛı¤ÛÂȘ Î·È ·Ê·ÈÚ¤ÛÂȘ Ì ‰Âο‰Â˜ (.¯. 60 + 30, 50 – 40 Î.Ï.).

ÂÓfiÙËÙ·

8 Ë

4 ÀÔÏÔÁ›˙ˆ Î·È Áڿʈ Ù· ·ÔÙÂϤÛÌ·Ù· ÙˆÓ ڿ͈Ó.

5 ÀÔÏÔÁ›˙ˆ Î·È Áڿʈ ÙÔ ·ÔÙ¤ÏÂÛÌ· ÙˆÓ ڿ͈Ó.

23 + 3

65 –40

34 +20

59 – 3

25 +40 32 + 7

50 +20

40 +30

67 – 6

60 –30

70 –50

50 –20

6 ™˘ÌÏËÚÒÓˆ ÙÔ˘˜ ·ÚÈıÌÔ‡˜ Ô˘ Ï›Ô˘Ó.

+2

7 9 11 +3

5 8 11 14 4. ¶ÚÔÙ›ÓÔ˘Ì ÚÔÛı¤ÛÂȘ Î·È ·Ê·ÈÚ¤ÛÂȘ ÔÈ Ôԛ˜ ÂÎÙÂÏÔ‡ÓÙ·È Î·È Ì ˘¤Ú‚·ÛË Ù˘ ‰Âο‰·˜. 17

56

EÈÛ·ÁˆÁ‹ ÛÙË Û˘ÌÌÂÙÚ›·

1 º·ÓÙ¿˙ÔÌ·È ÙÔÓ ÙÚfiÔ Ì ÙÔÓ ÔÔ›Ô ‰ÈÏÒÓÔÓÙ·È ÔÈ ÂÈÎfiÓ˜ Î·È ‰È·Áڿʈ ÂΛӘ ÛÙȘ Ôԛ˜ ‰ÂÓ Û˘Ì›ÙÔ˘Ó Ù· ‰‡Ô ̤ÚË.

2 ™˘ÌÏËÚÒÓˆ Ù· Û¯‹Ì·Ù·, ÒÛÙ ӷ Á›ÓÔ˘Ó Û˘ÌÌÂÙÚÈο ˆ˜ ÚÔ˜ ÙËÓ ÎfiÎÎÈÓË ÁÚ·ÌÌ‹. º·ÓÙ¿˙ÔÌ·È ÙÔÓ ÙÚfiÔ Ì ÙÔÓ ÔÔ›Ô ‰ÈÏÒÓÔÓÙ·È ÔÈ ÂÈÎfiÓ˜.

18

ÂÓfiÙËÙ·

8 Ë

3 ÀÔÏÔÁ›˙ˆ Î·È Áڿʈ Ù· ·ÔÙÂϤÛÌ·Ù· ÙˆÓ ڿ͈Ó.

4 ÷ڿ˙ˆ Ì ÙÔ ¯¤ÚÈ ÁÈ· Ó· Û˘ÌÏËÚÒÛˆ Ù· ÁÚ¿ÌÌ·Ù·. ∆· ÁÚ¿ÌÌ·Ù· Â›Ó·È Û˘ÌÌÂÙÚÈο ˆ˜ ÚÔ˜ ÙËÓ ÎfiÎÎÈÓË ÁÚ·ÌÌ‹.

5 µ¿˙ˆ Û ·ÎÏÔ Ù· 5 Ï¿ıË Ô˘ ˘¿Ú¯Ô˘Ó ÛÙËÓ ·Ú·Î¿Ùˆ ÂÈÎfiÓ·.

3. ¶ÚÔÙ›ÓÔ˘Ì ÚÔÛı¤ÛÂȘ Î·È ·Ê·ÈÚ¤ÛÂȘ ÔÈ Ôԛ˜ ÚÔÛʤÚÔÓÙ·È ÁÈ· Â›Ï˘ÛË Ì ÙËÓ ˘¤Ú‚·ÛË Ù˘ ‰Âο‰·˜, Ù· ‰ÈÏ¿ ·ıÚÔ›ÛÌ·Ù· ‹ Ì ¿ÏÏÔ˘˜ ÙÚfiÔ˘˜ (.¯. 7 + 8, 18 – 9, 13 – 5 Î.Ï.). 19

57

E·Ó·ÏËÙÈÎfi Ì¿ıËÌ·

1 ÀÔÏÔÁ›˙ˆ Î·È Áڿʈ Ù· ·ÔÙÂϤÛÌ·Ù· ÙˆÓ ڿ͈Ó.

2 µ¿˙ˆ Û ·ÎÏÔ Ù· ÓÔÌ›ÛÌ·Ù· Ô˘ Ú¤ÂÈ.

47 ÏÂÙ¿

69 ÏÂÙ¿

3 ™˘ÌÏËÚÒÓˆ ÙÔ ·ÔÙ¤ÏÂÛÌ· Î·È Áڿʈ ÙÔ ¿ıÚÔÈÛÌ·.

20

4 ÊÔÚ¤˜ ÙÔ 2 =

2+2+2+2 ......................................................

3 ÊÔÚ¤˜ ÙÔ 5 =

......................................................

5 ÊÔÚ¤˜ ÙÔ 5 =

......................................................

4 ÊÔÚ¤˜ ÙÔ 10 =

......................................................

6 ÊÔÚ¤˜ ÙÔ 10 =

......................................................

1. ¶ÚÔÙ›ÓÔ˘Ì ÛÙÔ˘˜ Ì·ıËÙ¤˜ Ó· οÓÔ˘Ó ÚÔÛı¤ÛÂȘ Î·È ·Ê·ÈÚ¤ÛÂȘ ‰È„‹ÊÈˆÓ ·ÚÈıÌÒÓ Ì Ï‹ÚÂȘ ‰Âο‰Â˜ ̤¯ÚÈ ÙÔ 70 (.¯. 30 + 40, 70 – 20 Î.Ï.). ∂›Û˘ ÚÔÙ›ÓÔ˘Ì ÚÔÛı¤ÛÂȘ Î·È ·Ê·ÈÚ¤ÛÂȘ ‰È„‹ÊÈˆÓ ·ÚÈıÌÒÓ Î·Ù¿ ÙȘ Ôԛ˜ Ô ‰Â‡ÙÂÚÔ˜ ·ÚÈıÌfi˜ Â›Ó·È ‰È„‹ÊÈÔ˜ Ì Ï‹ÚÂȘ ‰Âο‰Â˜ (.¯. 34 + 20, 56 – 30 Î.Ï.).

ÂÓfiÙËÙ·

8 Ë

4 ÀÔÏÔÁ›˙ˆ Î·È Áڿʈ Ù· ·ÔÙÂϤÛÌ·Ù· ÙˆÓ ڿ͈Ó.

5 ¶·Ú·ÙËÚÒ ÙȘ ÂÈÎfiÓ˜ Î·È ‚¿˙ˆ Û ·ÎÏÔ ÙȘ Û˘ÌÌÂÙÚÈΤ˜.

6 ÀÔÏÔÁ›˙ˆ Î·È Û˘ÌÏËÚÒÓˆ ÙÔ˘˜ ·ÚÈıÌÔ‡˜ Ô˘ Ï›Ô˘Ó.

34 +20

39 –10

40 + ... = 70 30 + ... = 60 70 – ... = 50

30 +40

27 +30

60 –40

26 + ... = 56 20 + ... = 45 68 – 20 = ...

4. ¶ÚÔÙ›ÓÔ˘Ì ‰È¿ÊÔÚ· ÁÈÓfiÌÂÓ· ·fi ·˘Ù¿ Ô˘ ¤¯Ô˘Ó ‰È‰·¯ı›. ÃÚËÛÈÌÔÔÈԇ̠ÙË Ï¤ÍË «ÊÔÚ¤˜» (.¯. «2 ÊÔÚ¤˜ ÙÔ 3» Î.Ï.). 21

58

OÈ ·ÚÈıÌÔ› ̤¯ÚÈ ÙÔ 100 – ÃÚ‹Ì·Ù·

1 µÚ›ÛΈ ÙÔÓ ·ÚÈıÌfi Ô˘ ‚Ú›ÛÎÂÙ·È ÚÈÓ Î·È ÌÂÙ¿.

85

86

87 2

µÚ›ÛΈ Î·È Áڿʈ ÙÔ˘˜ ·ÚÈıÌÔ‡˜ Ô˘ Û¯ËÌ·Ù›˙ÔÓÙ·È ÛÙÔ˘˜ ¿‚·Î˜.

3 ™¯ËÌ·Ù›˙ˆ ÛÙÔ˘˜ ¿‚·Î˜ ÙÔ˘˜ ·ÚÈıÌÔ‡˜ Ô˘ ‰›ÓÔÓÙ·È.

87 22

90

76

1. ∏ ‰·ÛοϷ ϤÂÈ ¤Ó·Ó ·ÚÈıÌfi ·fi ÙÔ 70 ̤¯ÚÈ ÙÔ 100 Î·È ÔÈ Ì·ıËÙ¤˜ ηÏÔ‡ÓÙ·È Ó· ‚Ú›ÛÎÔ˘Ó Î¿ı ÊÔÚ¿ ÙÔÓ ÚÔËÁÔ‡ÌÂÓÔ Î·È ÙÔÓ ÂfiÌÂÓÔ ·ÚÈıÌfi.

ÂÓfiÙËÙ·

9 Ë

4 ÀÔÏÔÁ›˙ˆ Î·È Áڿʈ Ù· ·ÔÙÂϤÛÌ·Ù· ÙˆÓ ڿ͈Ó.

5 ÀÔÏÔÁ›˙ˆ Î·È Áڿʈ fiÛ· ∂Àƒø Â›Ó·È Û οı Ï·›ÛÈÔ.

20 + 10 = 30

.....................

.....................

.....................

.....................

.....................

6 ÀÔÏÔÁ›˙ˆ Î·È Áڿʈ ÙÔ ·ÔÙ¤ÏÂÛÌ·.

20 + 10 = ... 50 + 10 = ...

50 + 20 = ... 30 + 20 = ...

50 + 50 = ... 40 + 40 = ...

20 + 20 = ...

30 + 30 = ...

50 + 30 = ...

4. ¶ÚÔÙ›ÓÔ˘Ì ÚÔÛı¤ÛÂȘ ‰È„‹ÊÈÔ˘ Ì ÌÔÓÔ„‹ÊÈÔ ·ÚÈıÌfi Î·È ·Ê·ÈÚ¤ÛÂȘ ÌÔÓÔ„‹ÊÈÔ˘ ·fi ‰È„‹ÊÈÔ ·ÚÈıÌfi. OÈ ‰È„‹ÊÈÔÈ ·ÚÈıÌÔ› Ú¤ÂÈ Ó· Â›Ó·È ·fi ÙÔ 50 ̤¯ÚÈ ÙÔ 100 (.¯. 65 + 3, 78 – 4 Î.Ï.). 23

59

¶ÔÏÏ·Ï·ÛÈ·ÛÌfi˜ Î·È ‰È·›ÚÂÛË

1 ÀÔÏÔÁ›˙ˆ Î·È Áڿʈ ÙÔ ·ÔÙ¤ÏÂÛÌ·.

2 O ª›ÏÙÔ˜ Â›Ó·È ¿ÚÚˆÛÙÔ˜. ¶‹Á ÛÙÔÓ ·È‰›·ÙÚÔ. ∂ΛÓÔ˜, ·ÊÔ‡ ÙÔÓ ÂͤٷÛÂ, ÙÔ˘ ¤‰ˆÛ ·˘Ù‹Ó ÙË Û˘ÓÙ·Á‹: ¶¤ÙÚÔ˜ I·ÙÚfiÔ˘ÏÔ˜ ¶·È‰›·ÙÚÔ˜ K·ÏÔ‡ 11 TËÏ.: 444-555

3 ¯¿È· ÙËÓ Ë̤ڷ ÁÈ· 4 Ë̤Ú˜

¶fiÛ· ¯¿È· ı· ¿ÚÂÈ Û˘ÓÔÏÈο Ô ª›ÏÙÔ˜;

A¿ÓÙËÛË:

......................................... 3

∆· ÙÚ›· ·È‰È¿ ı¤ÏÔ˘Ó Ó· ÌÔÈÚ·ÛÙÔ‡Ó ÂÍ›ÛÔ˘ ÙȘ 12 ηڷ̤Ϙ. ¶fiÛ˜ ηڷ̤Ϙ ı· ¿ÚÂÈ Î¿ı ·È‰›;

A¿ÓÙËÛË: ∫¿ı ·È‰› ı· ¿ÚÂÈ ... ηڷ̤Ϙ. 3 ÊÔÚ¤˜ ÙÔ ... = ... 24

1. ¶ÚÔÙ›ÓÔ˘Ì ‰È¿ÊÔÚ· ÁÈÓfiÌÂÓ· ÙÔ˘ 2, ÙÔ˘ 5 Î·È ÙÔ˘ 10. ÃÚËÛÈÌÔÔÈԇ̠ÙË Ï¤ÍË «ÊÔÚ¤˜» (.¯. «2 ÊÔÚ¤˜ ÙÔ 3» Î.Ï.).

ÂÓfiÙËÙ·

9 Ë

4 ∆· ·È‰È¿ ·›˙Ô˘Ó ÛÙËÓ ·˘Ï‹ ÙÔ˘ Û¯ÔÏ›Ԣ. ÈڛÛÙËÎ·Ó Û 4 ÔÌ¿‰Â˜. ∫¿ı ÔÌ¿‰· ·ÔÙÂÏÂ›Ù·È ·fi 5 ·›ÎÙ˜. µ¿˙ˆ Û ·ÎÏÔ ÙË ÛˆÛÙ‹ ÂÈÎfiÓ·.

¶fiÛ· Â›Ó·È fiÏ· Ù· ·È‰È¿ Ô˘ ·›˙Ô˘Ó ÛÙÔ ·È¯Ó›‰È;

A¿ÓÙËÛË:

.................................... ■ ∏ À·Ù›· ¤¯ÂÈ 6 ÓÔÌ›ÛÌ·Ù· ÙˆÓ 5 ÏÂÙÒÓ. ¶fiÛ· ¯Ú‹Ì·Ù· ¤¯ÂÈ;

5

A¿ÓÙËÛË: Œ¯ÂÈ ... ÏÂÙ¿.

■ ∏ À·Ù›· ı¤ÏÂÈ Ó· ·ÓÙ·ÏÏ¿ÍÂÈ Ù· ¯Ú‹Ì·Ù¿ Ù˘ Ì ÓÔÌ›ÛÌ·Ù· ÙˆÓ 10 ÏÂÙÒÓ. ¶fiÛ· ÓÔÌ›ÛÌ·Ù· ÙˆÓ 10 ÏÂÙÒÓ ı· ¿ÚÂÈ;

A¿ÓÙËÛË: £· ¿ÚÂÈ ... ÓÔÌ›ÛÌ·Ù· ÙˆÓ 10 ÏÂÙÒÓ. 25

60

µ¿ÚÔ˜ – §ÂÈÙÔ˘ÚÁ›· ˙˘Á·ÚÈ¿˜

1 ªÂÙÚÒ ·Ó¿ 3 ̤¯ÚÈ ÙÔ 30 Î·È ·Ó¿ 4 ̤¯ÚÈ ÙÔ 40.

3

6

...

30 2

µ¿˙ˆ Û ·ÎÏÔ ÙÔ ‚·Ú‡ÙÂÚÔ.

Ì¿Ï·

·Ô‡ÙÛÈ·

Ì‹ÏÔ

·¯Ï¿‰È

Û·ÏÔ˜

Ï·Áfi˜

°ÈÒÚÁÔ˜ EϤÓË

°ÈÒÚÁÔ˜

EϤÓË

3 ∏ Ì›· ηӿٷ Î·È ÙÔ ¤Ó· ÔÙ‹ÚÈ ¤¯Ô˘Ó ̤۷ ÓÂÚfi, ÂÓÒ Ù· ¿ÏÏ· Â›Ó·È ¿‰ÂÈ·. µ¿˙ˆ Û ·ÎÏÔ ·˘Ù¿ Ô˘ Â›Ó·È ¿‰ÂÈ·.

26

1. ∑ËÙԇ̠·fi ÙÔ˘˜ Ì·ıËÙ¤˜ Ó· ÌÂÙÚ‹ÛÔ˘Ó ÚÔÊÔÚÈο ·Ó¿ 3 ̤¯ÚÈ ÙÔ 30 Î·È ·Ó¿ 4 ̤¯ÚÈ ÙÔ 40.

ÂÓfiÙËÙ·

9 Ë

4 µ¿˙ˆ Û ÛÂÈÚ¿ Ù· ·È‰È¿ ÍÂÎÈÓÒÓÙ·˜ ·fi ÙÔ ÈÔ ‚·Ú‡ Î·È ÊÙ¿ÓÔÓÙ·˜ ÛÙÔ ÈÔ ÂÏ·ÊÚfi.

AϤη

N›ÎÔ˜ N›ÎÔ˜ ¶¤ÙÚÔ˜

................................... ................................... 5 √ ·ÓÂÏ΢ÛÙ‹Ú·˜ ∏ ΢ڛ· M·Ú›· ˙˘Á›˙ÂÈ 73 ÎÈÏ¿. O ·ÚÈÔ˜ £ÂfiÊÈÏÔ˜ ˙˘Á›˙ÂÈ 84 ÎÈÏ¿. ¶ÔÈÔ˜ ÌÔÚ› Ó· ¯ÚËÛÈÌÔÔÈ‹ÛÂÈ ÙÔÓ ·ÓÂÏ΢ÛÙ‹Ú·; ¶Ú Ÿ¯È  ÔÛÔ¯‹! ÚÈÛ ·fi 7 ÛfiÙÂÚ· 5 ÎÈÏ¿ !

27

61

÷ڿÍÂȘ Û¯ËÌ¿ÙˆÓ – ¶·˙Ï – ¶Ï·ÎfiÛÙÚˆÙÔ

1 ÷ڿ˙ˆ Ì ÙÔ ¯¿Ú·Î· ÙÔ ›‰ÈÔ Û¯‹Ì· Î·È ÙÔ ¯ÚˆÌ·Ù›˙ˆ Ì ٷ ›‰È· ¯ÚÒÌ·Ù·.

2 µÚ›ÛΈ Î·È Áڿʈ ÙÔ fiÓÔÌ· Î·È ÙÔÓ ·ÚÈıÌfi ÙˆÓ Û¯ËÌ¿ÙˆÓ Ô˘ Â›Ó·È ›‰È·.

28

ÂÓfiÙËÙ·

9 Ë

3 Ãڈ̷ٛ˙ˆ Ù· ÎÔÌÌ¿ÙÈ· Ù˘ ¿È·˜ Ì ٷ ›‰È· ¯ÚÒÌ·Ù·.

4 ™¯Â‰È¿˙ˆ ‰›Ï· Ì ÙÔ ¯¿Ú·Î· Ù· ›‰È· Û¯‹Ì·Ù·.

29

62

¶ÚÔ‚Ï‹Ì·Ù·

1



O ∆¿ÛÔ˜ ¤¯ÂÈ:



∏ ·‰ÂÏÊ‹ ÙÔ˘, Ë ª·Ú›·, ¤¯ÂÈ:

■ ¶fiÛ· ·ÚÎÔ˘‰¿ÎÈ· ÌÔÚ› Ó· ·ÁÔÚ¿ÛÂÈ Ô ∆¿ÛÔ˜; O ∆¿ÛÔ˜ ÌÔÚ› Ó· ·ÁÔÚ¿ÛÂÈ .............. ·ÚÎÔ˘‰¿ÎÈ·.

■ ¶fiÛ˜ Ì¿Ï˜ ÌÔÚ› Ó· ·ÁÔÚ¿ÛÂÈ Ô ∆¿ÛÔ˜; O ∆¿ÛÔ˜ ÌÔÚ› Ó· ·ÁÔÚ¿ÛÂÈ ............ Ì¿Ï˜.

■ ¶fiÛ· ·ÚÎÔ˘‰¿ÎÈ· ÌÔÚ› Ó· ·ÁÔÚ¿ÛÂÈ Ë ª·Ú›·; ∏ ª·Ú›· ÌÔÚ› Ó· ·ÁÔÚ¿ÛÂÈ ............ ·ÚÎÔ˘‰¿ÎÈ·.

■ ¶fiÛ˜ Ì¿Ï˜ ÌÔÚ› Ó· ·ÁÔÚ¿ÛÂÈ Ë ª·Ú›·; ∏ ª·Ú›· ÌÔÚ› Ó· ·ÁÔÚ¿ÛÂÈ ........... Ì¿Ï˜. 30

ÂÓfiÙËÙ·

9 Ë

2 O ·ÚÈÔ˜ ¶¤ÙÚÔ˜ ·ÁfiÚ·Û 20 Ì·ÏfiÓÈ·. ™Â οı ·È‰› ı· ‰ÒÛÂÈ ·fi 2 Ì·ÏfiÓÈ·. ¶fiÛ· Ì·ÏfiÓÈ· ı· ÙÔ˘ Ì›ÓÔ˘Ó;

A¿ÓÙËÛË:

.................................... 3

¢È·Ù˘ÒÓˆ ¤Ó· ‰ÈÎfi ÌÔ˘ Úfi‚ÏËÌ· Ì ÚfiÛıÂÛË ‹ ·Ê·›ÚÂÛË. ∫·ÙfiÈÓ ÙÔ ‰›Óˆ ÛÙÔ ‰ÈÏ·Ófi ÌÔ˘ Ó· ÙÔ Ï‡ÛÂÈ.

........................................ ........................................ ........................................ ........................................ ........................................ ........................................ 31

63

E·Ó·ÏËÙÈÎfi Ì¿ıËÌ·

1 ªÂÙÚÒ ·Ó¿ 3 ̤¯ÚÈ ÙÔ 30 Î·È ·Ó¿ 4 ̤¯ÚÈ ÙÔ 40.

3

6

...

30 2

T¤ÛÛÂÚȘ Ó¿ÓÔÈ ·fi ÙÔ ÔχˆÚÔ ÂÚ¿ÙËÌ· ÛÙÔ ‰¿ÛÔ˜ ¯¿Ï·Û·Ó Ù· ·Ô‡ÙÛÈ· ÙÔ˘˜ Î·È ı¤ÏÔ˘Ó Ó· Ù· ¿Ó ÛÙÔÓ ÙÛ·ÁοÚË ÁÈ· Ó· ·ÏÏ¿ÍÔ˘Ó Ù· Ù·ÎÔ‡ÓÈ·. ¶fiÛ· Ù·ÎÔ‡ÓÈ· Ú¤ÂÈ Ó· ÊÙÈ¿ÍÂÈ Ô ÙÛ·ÁοÚ˘;

A¿ÓÙËÛË: O ÙÛ·ÁοÚ˘ Ú¤ÂÈ Ó· ÊÙÈ¿ÍÂÈ ... Ù·ÎÔ‡ÓÈ·. ∫¿ÔÈÔÈ ¿ÏÏÔÈ Ó¿ÓÔÈ ÚÔËÁÔ˘Ì¤Óˆ˜ ›¯·Ó ¿ÂÈ Ù· ·Ô‡ÙÛÈ· ÙÔ˘˜ Î·È ¿ÏÏ·Í·Ó 12 Ù·ÎÔ‡ÓÈ·. ¶fiÛÔÈ ‹Ù·Ó ·˘ÙÔ› ÔÈ Ó¿ÓÔÈ;

A¿ÓÙËÛË: ◊Ù·Ó ... Ó¿ÓÔÈ.

3 ÀÔÏÔÁ›˙ˆ Î·È Û˘ÌÏËÚÒÓˆ ÙÔÓ ·ÚÈıÌfi Ô˘ Ï›ÂÈ.

50 + 30 = ... 30 + ... = 100 90 – 40 = ... 30 + ... = 60 100 – 20 = ... 40 + ... = 90

60 +20 32

20 +50

90 –30

6 + 9 = ... 17 – 8 = ... 14 – 9 = ...

60 –30

80 –40

1. ∑ËÙԇ̠·fi ÙÔ˘˜ Ì·ıËÙ¤˜ Ó· ÌÂÙÚ‹ÛÔ˘Ó ÚÔÊÔÚÈο ·Ó¿ 3 ̤¯ÚÈ ÙÔ 30 Î·È ·Ó¿ 4 ̤¯ÚÈ ÙÔ 40.

ÂÓfiÙËÙ·

9 Ë

4 ÀÔÏÔÁ›˙ˆ Î·È Áڿʈ Ù· ·ÔÙÂϤÛÌ·Ù· ÙˆÓ ڿ͈Ó.

5 °Ú¿Êˆ ÙÔÓ ·ÚÈıÌfi Ô˘ ‚Ú›ÛÎÂÙ·È ÚÈÓ Î·È ÌÂÙ¿.

55 ... 56 57 ... ... 88 ...

... 68 ... ... 99 ...

... 79 ... ... 70 ...

... 91 ... ... 89 ... 6

£¤Ïˆ Ó· ·ÓÙ·ÏϿ͈ ÙÔ ÌÂÁ¿ÏÔ ÓfiÌÈÛÌ· Ì ¿ÏÏ· ÌÈÎÚfiÙÂÚ· ·ÏÏ¿ ›Û˘ Û˘ÓÔÏÈ΋˜ ·Í›·˜. µ¿˙ˆ Û ·ÎÏÔ Ù· ÓÔÌ›ÛÌ·Ù· Ô˘ ÌÔÚÒ Ó· ¿Úˆ.

4. ¶ÚÔÙ›ÓÔ˘Ì ÛÙÔ˘˜ Ì·ıËÙ¤˜ ÚÔÛı¤ÛÂȘ Î·È ·Ê·ÈÚ¤ÛÂȘ ‰È„‹ÊÈˆÓ ·ÚÈıÌÒÓ Ì¤¯ÚÈ ÙÔ 100, ηٿ ÙȘ Ôԛ˜ Ô ‰Â‡ÙÂÚÔ˜ ·ÚÈıÌfi˜ Â›Ó·È ‰È„‹ÊÈÔ˜ Ì ÛÙÚÔÁÁ˘Ï¤˜ ‰Âο‰Â˜ (.¯. 63 + 20, 94 – 50 Î.Ï.).

33

ªÂ ·fiÊ·ÛË Ù˘ ∂ÏÏËÓÈ΋˜ ∫˘‚¤ÚÓËÛ˘ Ù· ‰È‰·ÎÙÈο ‚È‚Ï›· ÙÔ˘ ¢ËÌÔÙÈÎÔ‡, ÙÔ˘ °˘ÌÓ·Û›Ô˘ Î·È ÙÔ˘ §˘Î›Ԣ Ù˘ÒÓÔÓÙ·È ·fi ÙÔÓ √ÚÁ·ÓÈÛÌfi ∂ΉfiÛˆ˜ ¢È‰·ÎÙÈÎÒÓ µÈ‚Ï›ˆÓ Î·È ‰È·Ó¤ÌÔÓÙ·È ‰ˆÚÂ¿Ó ÛÙ· ¢ËÌfiÛÈ· ™¯ÔÏ›·. ∆· ‚È‚Ï›· ÌÔÚ› Ó· ‰È·Ù›ıÂÓÙ·È ÚÔ˜ ÒÏËÛË, fiÙ·Ó Ê¤ÚÔ˘Ó ‚È‚ÏÈfiÛËÌÔ ÚÔ˜ ·fi‰ÂÈÍË Ù˘ ÁÓËÛÈfiÙËÙ¿˜ ÙÔ˘˜. ∫¿ı ·ÓÙ›Ù˘Ô Ô˘ ‰È·Ù›ıÂÙ·È ÚÔ˜ ÒÏËÛË Î·È ‰Â ʤÚÂÈ ‚È‚ÏÈfiÛËÌÔ, ıˆÚÂ›Ù·È ÎÏ„›Ù˘Ô Î·È Ô ·Ú·‚¿Ù˘ ‰ÈÒÎÂÙ·È Û‡Ìʈӷ Ì ÙȘ ‰È·Ù¿ÍÂȘ ÙÔ˘ ¿ÚıÚÔ˘ 7, ÙÔ˘ ¡fiÌÔ˘ 1129 Ù˘ 15/21 ª·ÚÙ›Ô˘ 1946 (ºEK 1946, 108, Aã).

BIB§IO™HMO

∞·ÁÔÚ‡ÂÙ·È Ë ·Ó··Ú·ÁˆÁ‹ ÔÔÈÔ˘‰‹ÔÙ ÙÌ‹Ì·ÙÔ˜ ·˘ÙÔ‡ ÙÔ˘ ‚È‚Ï›Ô˘, Ô˘ ηχÙÂÙ·È ·fi ‰ÈηÈÒÌ·Ù· (copyright), ‹ Ë ¯Ú‹ÛË ÙÔ˘ Û ÔÔÈ·‰‹ÔÙ ÌÔÚÊ‹, ¯ˆÚ›˜ ÙË ÁÚ·Ù‹ ¿‰ÂÈ· ÙÔ˘ ¶·È‰·ÁˆÁÈÎÔ‡ πÓÛÙÈÙÔ‡ÙÔ˘.

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