Veteriner Molecular Biology

MOLECULAR BIOLOGY Introduction

Dr. drh. C. A. Nidom, MS.

Genetic Variation CCCCATCCCCACCCCCGTGGGAACACTGGGAGCCTGCACTCCACAGACCCTCTCCTT CCTCTTCCCTCACCTCAGCCTCCGCTCCCCGCCCTCTTCCCGGCCCAGGGCGCCG GCCCACCCTTCCCTCCGCCGCCCCCCGGCCGCGGGGAGGACATGGCCGCGCACAG GCCGGTGGAATGGGTCCAGGCCGTGGTCAGCCGCTTCGACGAGCAGCTTCCAATAA AAACAGGACAGCAGAACACACATACCAAAGTCAGTACTGAGCACAACAAGGAATGTC TAATCAATATTTCCAAATACAAGTTTTCTTTGGTTATAAGCGGCCTCACTACTATTTTAA AGAATGTTAACAATATGAGAATATTTGGAGAAGCTGCTGAAAAAAATTTATATCTCTCT CAGTTGATTATATTGGATACACTGGAAAAATGTCTTGCTGGGCAACCAAAGGACACAA TGAGATTAGATGAAACGATGCTGGTCAAACAGTTGCTGCCAGAAATCTGCCATTTTCT TCACACCTGTCGTGAAGGAAACCAGCATGCAGCTGAACTTCGGAATTCTGCCTCTGG GGTTTTATTTTCTCTCAGCTGCAACAACTTCAATGCAGTCTTTAGTCGCATTTCTACCA GGTTACAGGAATTAACTGTTTGTTCAGAAGACAATGTTGATGTTCATGATATAGAATTG TTACAGTATATCAATGTGGATTGTGCAAAATTAAAACGACTCCTGAAGGAAACAGCAT TTAAATTTAAAGCCCTAAAGAAGGTTGCGCAGTTAGCAGTTATAAATAGCCTGGAAAA GGCATTTTGGAACTGGGTAGAAAATTATCCAGATGAATTTACAAAACTGTACCAGATC CCACAGACTGATATGGCTGAATGTGCAGAAAAGCTATTTGACTTGGTGGATGGTTTTG CTGAAAGCACCAAACGTAAAGCAGCAGTTTGGCCACTACAAATCATTCTCCTTATCTT GTGTCCAGAAATAATCCAGGATATATCCAAAGACGTGGTTGATGAAAACAACATGAAT AAGAAGTTATTTCTGGACAGTCTACGAAAAGCTCTTGCTGGCCATGGAGGAAGTAGG CAGCTGACAGAAAGTGCTGCAATTGCCTGTGTCAAACTGTGTAAAGCAAGTACTTACA TCAATTGGGAAGATAACTCTGTCATTTTCCTACTTGTTCAGTCCATGGTGGTTGATCTT AAGAACCTGCTTTTTAATCCAAGTAAGCCATTCTCAAGAGGCAGTCAGCCTGCAGATG TGGATCTAATGATTGACTGCCTTGTTTCTTGCTTTCGTATAAGCCCTCACAACAACCAA CACTTTAAGATCTGCCTGGCTCAGAATTCACCTTCTACATTTCACTATGTGCTGGTAAA TTCACTCCATCGAATCATCACCAATTCCGCATTGGATTGGTGGCCTAAGATTGATGCT GTGTATTGTCACTCGGTTGAACTTCGAAATATGTTTGGTGAAACACTTCATAAAGCAG TGCAAGGTTGTGGAGCACACCCAGCAATACGAATGGCACCGAGTCTTACATTTAAAG AAAAAGTAACAAGCCTTAAATTTAAAGAAAAACCTACAGACCTGGAGACAAGAAGCTA TAAGTATCTTCTCTTGTCCATGGTGAAACTAATTCATGCAGATCCAAAGCTCTTGCTTT GTAATCCAAGAAAACAGGGGCCCGAAACCCAAGGCAGTACAGCAGAATTAATTACAG GGCTCGTCCAACTGGTCCCTCAGTCACACATGCCAGAGATTGCTCAGGAAGCAATGG AGGCTCTGCTGGTTCTTCATCAGTTAGATAGCATTGATTTGTGGAATCCTGATGCTCC TGTAGAAACATTTTGGGAGATTAGCTCACAAATGCTTTTTTACATCTGCAAGAAATTAA CTAGTCATCAAATGCTTAGTAGCACAGAAATTCTCAAGTGGTTGCGGGAAATATTGAT CTGCAGGAATAAATTTCTTCTTAAAAATAAGCAGGCAGATAGAAGTTCCTGTCACTTTCCCCC AGCCTCCTTGCCAACGCCCCCTTTCCCTCTCCCCCTCCCGCTCGGCGCTGACC

CCCCATCCCCACCCCCGTGGGAACACTGGGAGCCTGCACTCCACAGACCCTCTCCTT GCCTCTTCCCTCACCTCAGCCTCCGCTCCCCGCCCTCTTCCCGGCCCAGGGCGCCG GCCCACCCTTCCCTCCGCCGCCCCCCGGCCGCGGGGAGGACATGGCCGCGCACAG GCCGGTGGAATGGGTCCAGGCCGTGGTCAGCCGCTTCGACGAGCAGCTTCCAATAA AAACAGGACAGCAGAACACACATACCAAAGTCAGTACTGAGCACAACAAGGAATGTC TAATCAATATTTCCAAATACAAGTTTTCTTTGGTTATAAGCGGCCTCACTACTATTTTAA AGAATGTTAACTATATGAGAATATTTGGAGAAGCTGCTGAAAAAAATTTATATCTCTCT CAGTTGATTATATTGGATACACTGGAAAAATGTCTTGCTGGGCAACCAAAGGACACAA TGAGATTAGATGA CTGCCATTTTCT TCACACCTGTCG TCTGCCTCTGG GGTTTTATTTTCT GCATTTCTACCA GGTTACAGGAAT GATATAGAATTG TTACAGTATATCA GGAAACAGCAT TTAAATTTAAAGC AGCCTGGAAAA GGCATTTTGGAA TGTACCAGATC CCACAGACTGAT TGGATGGTTTTG CTGAAAGCACCAA TCTCCTTATCTT GTGTCCAGAAAT AACAACATGAAT AAGAAGTTATTTC GAGGAAGTAGG CAGCTGACAGAA CAAGTACTTACA TCAATTGGGAAGA GTGGTTGATCTT AAGAACCTGCTT AGCCTGCAGATG TGGATCTAATGAT CACAACAACCAA CACTTTAAGATCT TGTGCTGGTAAA TTCACTCCATCGA AAGATTGATGCT GTGTATTGTCACT TTCATAAAGCAG TGCAAGGTTGTGGAGCACACCCAGCAATACGAATGGCACCGAGTCTTACATTTAAAG AAAAAGTAACAAGCCTTAAATTTAAAGAAAAACCTACAGACCTGGAGACAAGAAGCTA TAAGTATCTTCTCTTGTCCATGGTGAAACTAATTCATGCAGCTCCAAAGCTCTTGCTTT GTAATCCAAGAAAACAGGGGCCCGAAACCCAAGGCAGTACAGCAGAATTAATTACAG GGCTCGTCCAACTGGTCCCTCAGTCACACATGCCAGAGATTGCTCAGGAAGCAATGG AGGCTCTGCTGGTTCTTCATCAGTTAGATAGCATTGATTTGTGGAATCCTGATGCTCC TGTAGAAACATTTTGGGAGATTAGCTCACAAATGCTTTTTTACATCTGCAAGAAATTAA CTAGTCATCAAATGCTTAGTAGCACAGAAATTCTCAAGTGGTTGCGGGAAATATTGAT CTGCAGGAATAAATTTCTTCTTAAAAATAAGCAGGCAGATAGAAGTTCCTGTCACTTTC

Structure of DNA

DNA Amplification by PCR 5’

3’

5’

3’

3’ 3’

5’ 5’

Starting DNA Template

Separate strands (denature)

Forward primer

5’

3’

3’

5’ Make copies (extend primers) Add primers 5’ (anneal)

3’

3’

5’

Reverse primer

DNA result of PCR

After several cycles

Regio target DNA asli

Cycles PCR

After After32 32cycles cycleswill willbe beresulted resulted 1.07 1.07miliyar miliyar copy copyof ofDNA DNA

MOLECULAR BIOLOGY  is   

the study of : STUCTURES TRAITS FUNCTION………of life

 BIOMOLEKUL

DALAM PELAKSANAAN SEGALA ASPEK FUNGSI KEHIDUPAN

MOLECULAR BIOLOGY  BIOLOGY

 PHYSIOLOGY



CHEMISTRY

BIOCHEMISTRY

MOLECULAR BIOLOGY

 

BIOLOGI : IS THE STUDY OF ORGANISM ( ALL LIVING ASPECTS)



BIOCHEMISTRY is the study of structure & process of chemistry in a life organism



BIOLOGI SEL IS THE STUDY OF Cells are the basic units of life and all the chemical reactions of life occur in cells

POSITION OF MOLECULAR BIOLOGY  SAINS,

SCIENCE  * BASIC SCIENCES)  * APPLIED SCIENCES  VETRINARY SCIENCE :  APPLIED SCIENCES & CLINICAL :  DIAGNOSIS,  PATHOGENESIS  TREATMENT 

ORGANISM  LIFE

FUNCTIONS :  1. REPRODUCTION/REPLICATION  2. HEREDITER OF TRAITS  3. GROWTH  4. METABOLISM FOR ENERGY  5. HOMEOSTASIS  6. TRANSPORTS  7. COMMUNICATION BETWEEN CELLS.

BASE ON ENERGY SOURCES, ORGANISM :  AUTOTROPHIC

: Organism need INORGANIC Compound (CO2, H2O, NH3) for energy synthezising.

 HETEROTROPHIC

:  Organism need ORGANIC (CARBON) for their life. They can not synthezise all biomoleculs.

MODERN CELL THEORY 1. All living things are made of one or more cells 2. Cells are the basic units of life and all the chemical reactions of life occur in cells 3. All cells arise from preexisting cells

Cell Requirements 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7.

take in materials extract useful energy make their own molecules grow in an organized manner respond to stimuli reproduce themselves Plasma membrane to maintain integrity

Prokaryotes vs Eukaryotes     



All Bacteria No membrane bound organelles No microtubules flagella are single filaments single circular DNA molecule (not associated w/histone proteins). No true sexual reproduction

      

Defined nucleus DNA stored as chromosomes (w/ histone proteins) Chromosomes regularly divide by Mitosis Flagella & cilia have 9-plus-2 pattern of microtubules Specialized organelles Integrated multicellularity Sexual reproduction (different types)

Prokaryotic Cell

Eukaryotic Cell

VIRUS?  UNCOMPLETED  VIRUS

ORGANISM !

CAN GROW & REPLICATE IF THEY ARE IN A CELL.

VIRUS  OUTSIDE

OF CELL  VIRION  SIMPLE VIRION :  * NUCLEUS (CORE) : DNA/RNA  * NUCLEOCAPSID : PROTEIN  UNSIMPLE VIRION :  NUCLEUS, NUCLEOCAPSID, ENVELOP  (LIPID BILAYER), ENZYMES  Example : FMD (DNA), AI virus (RNA)

Influenza Virus

BIOMOLECULE: 

CHEMICAL COMPOUND IS NATURALLY FOUND IN LIVING ORGANISM OR IN JUST DEATH ORGANISM



BASIC ATOMS FOR BIOMOLECULE : C, H, O, N, S, P



FUNCTIONS :        

A. As STRUCTURAL COMPONENT OF CELL : CONSTRUCT ORGANISM BODY, Ex: CELL MEMBRANE, CITOSCELETON, CELL MATRIX B. As FUNCTIONAL COMPONENT OF CELL : NEEDED FOR LIVE FUNCTIONS Ex : ENZYMES , HORMONES, ANTIBODIES, DNA, RNA, ATP.

C. As STORED ENERGY ; Ex : TRIACYLGLYCEROL, GLYCOGEN

D. As WASTE :  NON SPECIFIC FUNCTIONS  METABOLIC WASTE  Ex : UREUM , URIC ACID

BASED ON STRUCTURE & MOLECULAR WEIGHT, BIOMOLECULE :  A. 

 B.   

SIMPLE COMPOUND : AMINO ACID, FATTY ACID MACROMOLECULE : POLYSACCARIDE, POLYPEPTIDE (PROTEIN) POLYNUCLEOTIDE (DNA, RNA)

BIOMOLEKUL BERDASAR KELARUTANNYA  1.

SENYAWA HIDROFILIK :  PROTEIN, GLUKOSA, ASAM AMINO  2. SENYAWA HIDROFOBIK :  TRIASILGLISEROL, KOLESTEROL  ESTER  3. SENYAWA AMPIFILIK :  PENYUSUN MEMBRAN SEL :  SFINGOMIELIN, KOLESTEROL,  SEREBROSIDA

MACROMOLECULE :  As   

POLYMER : - HOMOPOLYMER : - HETEROPOLIMER :

Herediter traits organism  GENE  1865



:

MENDEL: (HEREDITARY FACTOR).

1944 AVERY, MAC LEOD & Mc. CARTHY 

GENE IS A DNA

 1953

WATSON & CRICK



STRUCTURE OF DOUBLE HELIKS DNA



HOW IS DNA INFLUENCE PROTEIN SYNTHESIS??

Language of Genetics Central Dogma Proteins

Genotype

DNA

RNA Transcription

Phenotype

Protein Translation

DNA (DEOXYRIBONUCLEIC ACID)  Composition      

: BASE : ADENIN (A) GUANIN (G) TIMIN (T) SITOSIN (C) SUGAR : 2- DEOXY RIBOSE DOUBLE HELIX : - COMPLEMENTER - ANTIPARALLEL

DIFFERENT BETWEEN DNA & RNA        

PENTOSE : DEOXY RIBOSE ( DNA) & RIBOSE (RNA) NITROGEN BASE: ADENIN, TYMIN, GUANIN, CYTOSIN ( DNA) ADENIN, URASIL, GUANIN, CYTOSIN (RNA)

MUTATION ON DNA

 MUTASI 

: POINT (DELETION, INSERTION) FRAME SHIFT MUTATION

SEKIAN DAN TERIMA

KASIH