U Lamara_tullianum Taggara N Yugurten

U LAMARA

TULLIANUM TAGGARA n YUGURTEN (Ungal)

Tizrigin Zama

TULLIANUM

Tullianum, di Öuma .... "Mamertine Carcere d lêebs illan ddaw tmurt, degs sin wannagen. Tama wadda d tasraft, isem is Tullianum. Tedrem, izzi yas d ugadir, iqba s weéru. Yiwen kan yimi ufella i d tawwurt is, zun d imi n wecbali. D amkan ixlan, irtem, yumes, itulles, isaggwad." (S$ur Salluste)

(Mamertine carcere était une prison souterraine à deux étages. Selon l'historien Salluste : « Elle contient une salle basse, nommée Tullianum, qui s'enfonce à douze pieds1 sous terre. Elle est fermée de murs épais et couverte d'une voûte de pierre. C'est un cachot malpropre, obscur, infect, dont l'aspect a quelque chose d'effrayant et d’horrible. »)

(Salluste)

1

Avaô n Öuman (Un pied romain) = 29,4 cm ; 12 pieds = 3,53 m.

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Agbur 1. Tazwart ................................................................................. 4 2. Tôad n Yugurten .................................................................... 13 i. Deffir Makawsen ……………………………………………..13 ii. Tallit n Bestia ................................................................... .19 iii. Tallit n Albinus .................................................................. 28 iv. Tallit n Metellus ................................................................ 35 v. Tallit n Marius akw d Sulla ............................................... 62 3. Tikli n Öuma (Triomphe n Marius) ......................................... 80 4. Di Tullianum…………………………………………………….… 97 5. Tallit taneggarut .................................................................... .120 6. Asaru umezruy ……………………………………………………122 7. Amezruy n Tullianum …………………………………………….124 8. Idlisen (Bibliographie) ............................................................. 134

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1. Tazwart Di 1977 nni, di Paris, i ufi$ adlis n Salluste2, Tôad n Yugurten3 / La Guerre de Jugurtha (Bellum Yugurthinum), di Librairie Maspero. Adlis nni $li$ fell-as ur bni$. D yiwen umeddakwel i yi d innan : "Maspero iznuzu idlisen zun d tikci, akken ad iqfel taêanutt is ussan agi d iteddun. Llant tid ilhan, azzel skud ur fuken !". Akken i tevra. Ass nni kan ufi$ d iman-iw di têanutt n Maspero, di Quartier latin, ferrne$ d idlisen ar ad d s$e$. Isem nni n Salluste, sli$ yis zik, ur cfi$ lli$ ssne$ ayen yura ne$ ur t ssine$. Salluste ilul di tmurt n Öuman deg wseggwas n -87. Yugurten immut di -104. Ger tamettant (lmut) n Yugurten akw d tlalit n Salluste zran 18 iseggwasen. Mi yura Salluste adlis "Bellum Yugurthinum"/La Guerre de Jugurtha, ad yili di laâmeô is ger 30 d 40 iseggwasen. Nezmer ad d nini llan kan 60 iseggwasen ger tamettant n Yugurten di Yennayer n -104 akw d tira n wedlis n Salluste. Tallit n 60 2

Salluste : Caius Sallustius Crispus, -87 ar -35 zdat Aâisa, ixdem akw d Cesar di

¨Öuma. Di -46, iîîef leêkem n ¨Öuman di Tamaz$a (Proconsulat d'Afrique). ¨Itwassen ugar s wedlis nni yura "Bellum Yugurthinum ...". 3

La guerre de Jugurtha (Bellum Yugurthinum), Salluste, édition bilingue

français / latin, les Belles Lettres, 1941 Paris, réimpression en 1974. Traduction du latin par Alfred Ernout.

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iseggwasen am zun d ulac di tira umezruy. Di leqrun nni, tamurt ur tetbeddil udem di 60 iseggwasen, maççi am ass-a. Tira nni n Salluste tban i yi d zun d tiî n win illan dinna d inigi di îrad n Yugurten mgal Öuman. Mi bdi$ adlis nni, ufi$ t zun d tawwurt i d illin zdat-i akken ad ére$ amezruy n Yugurten, amezruy n Tmaz$a4. £as akken iççur tiî, di tedyant nni ufi$ ixuû kra. Syen $er zdat, acêal n tikkal i $ri$ adlis nni. Yal aseggwas a t id ddme$, a t $re$ tikkelt ne$ snat, syen a t serse$. Tu$al am win itessen irennu yas fad. Yal tikkelt éerre$ zdat wallen iw agellid Yugurten iteddu, ittazzal, iferru tilufa n tmurt is, ikat aneccab deg imen$i, iteddu $ef agmer deg wza$ar, deg idurar, ... Taggara ufi$ ayen ixuûûen deg wedlis nni : ixuû wawal n Yugurten. Di 2006, di "La Foire du Livre" n Paris, i d $li$ tikkelt tis snat $ef wedlis5 nni n Salluste. Mi t id ddme$, ufi$ d adlis i d iff$en di Leääayer s$ur "Grand Alger Editions". Ferêe$ mi ufi$ adlis nni. Feôêe$ ugar mi adlis d iêekkun tudert n Yugurten iff$ ed di tmurt n Yugurten. Ass-en tban i yi d Tmaz$a n Yugurten akw d Leääayer n wass-a, yiwet tmurt ! 4

Tamaz$a tella tebva $ef sin : Tamaz$a n wagmuv (Tunes akw d wagmuv n

Leääayer) ; Tamaz$an utaram (Meôôuk akw d wmur utaram n Leääayer). Akin tella Libya akw d Tiniri (seêôa) 5

La Guerre de Jugurtha. Editions GAL / Grand Alger Editions, 2005.

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2112 iseggwawen zran si mi yemmut Yugurten. £as netta immut, isem-is akw d webrid d iwwi $ef tmurt is, ar ass-a ddren. Abrid is injeô seg iseggwasen nni n tôad mgal Öuman. Akken ad d yu$al wawal n Yugurten, ufi$ llan sin iberdan : ateôjem n wedlis n Salluste s tmazi$t, akw d webrid wis sin. Aîerjem n wedlis kkse$ t di tazwara. Ufi$ ateôjem n wedlis d timerna kan ar a rnu$ awal i wawal n Salluste. Nek $uri, ufi$ izwar wawal n Yugurten. Ateôjem ad d yas wass is. Taggara, qqime$ as, wte$ ad d skefle$ ayen izemren ad yili deg walla$ n Yugurten di tallit nni deg yennu$ Öuman, si mi tebda armi d ass-mi tewwev talast n tôad .... Di yal tadyant d iêka Salluste6, wte$ ad d afe$ amek a yeg yiwen illan d Amazi$, zdat tilufa nni imir. Di tira n Salluste llan sin wudmawen. Yiwen d udem umaru d iêekkun tadyant akken tella, akken i yas tt id êkan, akken i tt i$ra deg idlisen illan imir, wis sin d wudem Uôumi n Öuma, win iéeôôen s tiî n wegdud iêekmen ddunit imir. Illa deg wawal : "Öuma i d ikkan nnig akw timura " !

6

Salluste iêka d amur ameqran seg wayen i$ra deg idlisen yura C. Sulla, win d

iîîfen Yugurten d ameêbus di taggara useggwas -105.

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Ma yella wugur ger sin ixûimen, anida yella lkil, yal yiwen ad d iêku tadyant is akken tella. Win d amennu$ n yizmawen ; dinna i tferru s lêeq. Deg wedlis n Salluste, di yiwet tedyant kan i d igwra wawal n Yugurten ; d awal nni i yas inna ass nni deg d iffe$ s wurfan si ti$remt n Öuma, inna yas deg wawal is7 : "Ti$remt usekkak, ad d yas wass n nger is ass-mi ad taf bab-is" / Vrbem uenalem et mature perituram si emptorem inuenerit Tawa$it, $as d awal n Yugurten s tidett, d awal d inna s tôumit maççi s tmazi$t ! Awal agi n Yugurten i d igwran ass-a, nezmer ad d nini icba awal nni n jedd-is, Masnsen, ass-mi yas inna : "Taferka i tarwa n tferka !" ("l'Afrique aux africains !"). Deg wsaru i ya$ d iooa Salluste, nerra awal n Iugurthae8 i Yugurten n At Yiles. D netta i d iêekkun tadyant

akken tella, ne$ akken

"tezmer ad tili imir". Di yal tadyant, newet ad d naf awalen izmer ad yini Yugurten. Nesdukkel asaru nni n Salluste akw d wawal n Yugurten akken ad myefken tayett, ad a$ d seflen tafat $ef leqrun 7

Quand il fut hors de Rome, il tourna dit-on, plusieurs fois ses regards vers la

ville, en gardant le silence, et s'écria enfin /"Vrbem uenalem et mature perituram si emptorem inuenerit !"/ "Ville vénale, et qui ne tardera pas à périr si elle trouve un acheteur " ; La guerre de Jugurtha, Grand Alger Editions, p 56. ; et Edition les Belles Lettres p. 69. 8

Iugurthae = Yugurten (Isem, akken t yura Salluste s tlatinit).

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nni imezwura n tmurt nne$. £as adlis d ungal kan, ur illa d adlis umezruy. Di yal tadyant, di tallit n tôad, neqqim kan deg wedlis n Salluste. Ur d nerna tadyant, ur nekkis. Ayen i nekkes, d ayen kan d inna Salluste $ef tmeddurt akw d tlufa n Öuman gar-asen. Taggara, tanemmirt tameqrant i Salluste i ya$ d iooan tira tinigit, tira iddren $ef Yugurten9, $ef umezruy n imezwura nne$. Adlis n Salluste illi ya$ d tawwurt $ef tallit izran10 ; neéra amur di tmeddurt n Yugurten akw d watmaten is di twizi nni tameqrant, deg iseggwasen nni u$ilif, iseggwasen n imeîîawen, n tidi d idammen. 9

Awal n Salluste $ef Yugurten:

"... Mi yekker Yugurten, yu$al d ileméi, isdukel tezyen, tirkelt akw d tigzi (tamussni). Irna awal aéidan. Ikka d nnig tezyiwin is. Ur iooa iman-is di tudert n tinefcect n tarwa igelliden. Iteddu, ittazzal netta d imeddukal is, ikkat aneccab, acangal, irekkeb agmer am neppa am at tmurt is. £as d netta i d amezwaru di yal timsizzelt, êemlen t akw wid i t issnen. Illa di yal ûyada n yizem di téegwa n Tmaz$a. Di yal tadyant, netta deg imezwura i tyita uneccab. Akken illa d amezwaru i tyita, i yella d aneggaru i wawal $ef iman-is..." ,Tôad n Yugurten, t. 11. 10

Tadyant n Yugurten : Mi yemmut Masnsen n at Yiles di -148, agellid n Tmaz$a

(Numidya), yu$al mmi-s Makawasen d agellid. Mi yemmut Makawsen di -118, iooa d lweôt i sin warraw is, Aderbal akw d Hiemsal, akw d Yugurten, mm-s n gmas Mastanabal. Di tazwara kan ikka d iceqqiq gar-asen. Aseggwas amezwaru, Hiemsal immut deg imen$i, ne$ deg wfus n Yugurten ( ?). Aderbal ikkr-ed d axûim n Yugurten, isuter i Öuman, bvan asen tamurt $ef sin iêricen. Sirta tedda deg

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Akken ib$u yili wedlis, akken ib$u yerra d tadyant zun tedder, akken tella, izmer yiwen ad iéer ayen illan zdat wallen is, taggara, adlis iqqim d awalen kan. D awalen isnin, d ayen ur d iteîîef, ur innul ufus. Di tôad n Yugurten, imukan nni yakw seg yekka ugellid Yugurten, anida yuzzel, anida yennu$, anida yevsa, anida ye$li… amur ameqran llan, ddren ar ass-a, maççi d tamacahutt : Sirta, Zama, Carthage, Gafsa, Tuga, Tala, Campus Martius, Via Sacra, Circus Maximus, Curia (n Senat), Capitolinus... Tullianum. Yugurten immut di tesraft n Tullianum di Öuma. Immut si laé d usemmiv n 6 wussan. Ma nger tamawt $er tmeddurt n Yugurten, tameddurt ukwessar d usawenn wacêal d aseggwas, ad d naf tidett taqerêant : maççi d Öuman i t id isawven $er tesraft n Tullianum. D atmaten is i t id iskecmen. Iôumyen ur as zmiren di tôad. Ufan as kan iceqqiq di tixubbta n watmaten is akw d idammen is. Amezwaru d Hiemsal, isa$ times tamezwarut n cwal, iwet ad ikkes Yugurten.

wmur n Aderbal. Si -118 armi d -112 teqqim akken. Di -112 tekker. Yugurten izzi i Sirta, ikcem s laâsker is, iîîef Aderbal, in$a t. Imir Öuman yu$al d netta i d axûim n Yugurten. 7 iseggwasen n imen$i ger Yugurten akw d ¨Öuman. Di taggara n -105, gan as ticeôkett s ufus n ugellid Buxuc. Qqnen as snasel, win t $er ti$remt n Öuma. Immut di tesraft n Tullianum di yennayer -104, deffir 6 wussan n laé d usemmiv.

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Aderbal isawev tamsalt armi ibva Tamaz$a $ef sin, tamurt nni n Masnsen. Masiwen, irna d tilufa-s, deffir tedyant n Aderbal, akken ad ibvu tamurt ula d netta ; ad iddem amur n Aderbal immuten. Gawda, idda d axabit netta d imanyen n Marius, ikker ad ine$ atmaten is Imazi$en ; ikker ad iser$ tuddar akw d yigran. Jiniral Bumelxir, ameqran n laâsker Amazi$, ikka yas deffir i Yugurten, ad t izzenz i jiniral Metellus. Aneggaru d agellid Buxus, aveggal is, ifka yas tiyita taneggarut. Izzenz it i Öuman akken ad isem$er akal is. Afus, s tidett, degne$ i yella. Akken ad ére$ s wallen iw amkan deg yemmut, ad bedde$ anida ibedd, ad nale$ s ufus iw iéra nni yennul s ufus is netta, ri$ ad kecme$ ti$remt n Öuma. Ri$ ad awve$ amkan nni. £as ti$remt n Öuma éri$ tbeddel, Tullianum ur ibeddel si leqrun nni imezwura. £as si tama ufella ibeddel, bnan as tamesgida i téallit di leqrun imezwura, tasraft akken tella i d tegwra. D awal d nnan akw wid ikecmen amkan nni. Iéra nni d wid illan ass-en i yellan ass-a. Ri$ a ten id éure$. Acêal n waguren si mi fri$ d yiman-iw ad kecme$ Öuma. Ussan teddun, agur deffir wayev, ass n tikli ur d iwwiv. Uki$ d yiman-iw akken ri$ ad kecme$ amkan nni i yas tezzi$ i wass n tikli. Yal tikkelt illa wayen d ittasen d ugur i terzeft $er Öuma.

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Tikwal, nek s timmad-iw tge$ ccek : "s tidett illa wemkan nni akken i t iooa Yugurten ? Amek idyeq ? Amek itulles ? Amek iqqim Yugurten $ef iéra nni ? Amek illa usemmiv is di tegrest ? Illa wayen wumi isel mi yella dinna ne$ d tasusmi n tesraft nni kan ? Illa win ikecmen $ures isawel yides, inna yas awal ne$ sin, ifka yas ad isew, ifka yas ad yeçç ? I Marius, i Sulla, i imeddukal is di Öuma, nudan ad éren tawa$it deg yella ? Amek ? Amek ? Ri$ ad ére$ ayen izmer ad iêus Yugurten imir, mi t gren seg yimi n tesraft, ooan t inîeô akwessar, i$li am ucettiv deg tesraft n war tawwurt. Yugurten illa issen ti$remt n Öuma seg yixef $er yixef. Issen tizerbatin is, issen abrid n Curia, tazeqqa deg it$imi Senat, issen da$ isem n wemkan nni deg d igwra ass-a : Mamertinum et Tullianum. Iéra anta i d taggara n wid ikecmen tasraft nni. Di tubeô 2008, rzi$ $er ti$remt n Öuma. Mi kecme$ $er tesraft nni, rgagi$. Uki$ as i w$ilif nni ameqran. I tesraft n war tawwurt, ass-a bnan as tiseddaôin akken ad kecmen iméuren. D iéra nni i yellan imir i yellan ass-a ; d tillas nni illan imir i yellan ass-a. Kecme$, serse$ afus iw $ef yiran nni n yimi n tesraft, imi nni seg inîer Yugurten $ef iblaven isemmaven. Amkan nni seg ur d iffi$ d ameddur.

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Nella nbedd di tesraft nni, nek akw d warraw-iw, nesusem, mi ya$ d tekcem terbaât n imzuôen n Ïelyan ne$ wis anta tamurt. Gar-asen illa uselway, « le guide » n Telyan, i sen d isefhamen amezruy n wemkan nni. Mi ya$ d isla nesawal s tmazi$t, nek akw d warraw-is, ikfa awal is i yemzuôen nni, d$a izzi d $urne$, inna ya$ s tefôansist : - Dagi i yemmut ugellid Yugurten, agellid ameqran n Numidya. Agur agi izran, wi$ d $er dagi yiwet tmeddakelt-iw, d tamazi$t n Lezzayer. Si mi d tekcem Tullianum, tegumma ad tekfu imeîîawen… Yugurten d jedd-is ! Nni$ as i wemdan nni : - D amezruy nne$, icrek, nekwni akw d kenwi. Ur tella tuzzma $ef ayen izran !

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2. Tôad n Yugurten

Deffir Makawsen11 Seg wass-mi yemmut wem$ar, agellid Makawsen, gma-s n baba, tamurt ur as tufa ixef is. Nek nwi$ imir, mi yemmut kan babat-ne$, ad as neddukel i tcemlit tameqrant. Am nek, Aderbal akw d Hiemsal, a nesdukkel tidi nne$ akken Tamaz$a ad as nbeddel udem. Di tazwara, ri$ a nekkes tuqqna nni neqqen $er tmurt n ¨Öuman. Nni$ asen i watmaten iw, ilaq a$ ad d nerr tilisa n tmurt seg wanda llant zik. A nekkes ugzir, a nseggem tamurt nne$. A neg iberdan, a nessem$er igran akw d tliwa n waman di yal tama n tmurt.

A

nesbedd tise$lit i tlisa n tmurt akken yal Amazi$ ad yaf iman-is yella deg wakal is. Yiwen we$bel ameqran illan zik, ass-a yekkes, d Carthage i ya$ d illan am timmist deg wammas acêal d lqern, acêal d aseggwas. Di tallit nni, jedd-i, Masnsen iddukel netta d Öuman, zzin as i Carthage. Tefra tedyant nni, syen tu$al ed akken tella. Di tôad aneggaru d agellid Makawsen i tu$ dinna. D imen$i aneggaru si mi ter$a

11

Makawsen (Micipsa) : agellid n Tmaz$a si -148 armi d -118. D gma-s n

Mastanabal, baba-s n Yugurten. Mi yemmut Makawsen, iooa d tamurt ger ifassen n Yugurten akw d sin warra-is, Aderbal akw d Hiemsal. Atmaten n Makawsen : Mastanabal, Gulussa, Masgaba akw d Bugud, negren di sin iseggwasen nni kan imezwura deg yu$al d agellid. D aîan i ten isnegren (?).

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temdint, ti$remt n Carthage i d ifkan talwit. £as akken,

Öuman

isekcem tuccar is di tmurt nne$. I$il n Carthage iôôeé, Öuman yu$ amkan is. Ayen illan akw d akal ger tlisa n Carthage, iêella t ¨ Öuman i nitni, snulfan d tamurt « tamurt n Öuman / Province romaine ». Taggara, fella$ ur tbeddel. Ilmend d imnayen n Carthage, usan d imsulta akw d imnayen n Öuman. Rran tamurt d ayla nsen, 28 iseggwasen aya. Ass-mi immut ugellid Makawsen, tiî iw nek a nekkes azaglu nni yellan fella$ acêal. Skud yella Öuman $er idisan nne$, ur tezmir ad tili fella$ talwit. Di 30 iseggwasen n tgelda n Makawsen, seg wass-mi immut Masnsen, i$li d wegris $ef tmurt nne$. Kks-ed imen$i aneggaru mgal Carthage, anda kkren Imazi$en nnu$en di tama n Öuman akken ad hudden Carthage, ur illa kra imen$i i d irnan akken ad d yu$al wakal n Tmaz$a i waraw is. Makawsen iqqim kan di tlisa-s am zun d tamellalt mar ad te$li. Öuman icrew akw akal illan iîîef it Carthage, ma d netta isusem, am zun maççi d akal nne$. Tasusmi n 30 iseggwasen maççi d tasusùùmi, d tiggugemt ne$ d tesmev n wul. Si teméi i zerre$ akal nne$ imeçç, tilisa gwrant-ed anda ur llant di tazwara. èerre$ tamurt nne$ am wemdan i wumi yekkes uvar ne$ ufus.

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S tmu$li yagi i yu$e$ abrid mi newôet, deffir tamettant n Makawsen. Nek $uri newôet , maççi d tagelda n ibeônas, d tagelda n tiwizi tameqrant. Newôet a$bel, a$bel nni n tmurt ad t nbib $ef tuyat nne$. Nnan yiwen ufus ur ikkat llir. Tella tagmatt akken ad ibvu waggway, yal amur $ef yiwet tayett. Ad tebvu taéeyt, ad ibvu u$ilif. Sarme$ tagmatt d watmaten iw ad tili ; nek, Aderbal, Hiemsal, Masiwen12, Gawda akw d wiyav akken llan, a nebges, a nbeddel udem i tmurt. Taggara, teffe$ tirga tezleg13. Talast i yellan gar-i akw d Aderbal d Hiemsal d wa : nek éerre$ abrid nni n jeddi Masnsen, "Taferka i tarwa n Tferka"14, ma d Hiemsal akw d Aderbal kksen tamurt nsen ger ifassen nsen, kksen tamurt Imazi$en i tarwa-s, fkan tt d tarzeft i Öuman. Seg mi tekker garane$, sawven iyi d awalen inna Aderbal dinna di Curia15 n Senat, ötajmaât n Öuma, ass-mi yerwel akken ad icetki. Inna yas :

12

Masiwen (Masiva) , mmi-s n Gulusen (Gulusa) ; Gawda (Gauda) : gma-s n

Yugurten s baba-s. Gulusen d gma-s n Mastanabal. 13

Ugur illan ger Yugurten d sin watmaten is isem$er. Di cwal nni, Hiemsal immut.

Öuman iskecm-ed tuccar is, yuzn-ed Opimius ibva tamurt $ef sin, ger yugurten d Aderbal. 4 iseggwasen i teqqim akken, yiwen wass tekker gara-sen. Yugurten izzi s laâskeô is i ti$remt n Sirta, anda illa Aderbal. 14

"Taferka i tarwa n Taferka !" / L'Afrique aux Africains !" (Masnsen).

15

Curia : tazeqqa deg itnejmaâ Senat n Öuman, di tlemast n Öuma

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"...Ass-mi qrib ad immet baba, Makawsen, yenna yi16 : "tamurt agi, tagelda n Tmaz$a, nekwni d iqeddacen is kan. Imawlan is n tidett d Öuman. ilaq a tgev ayen wumi tzemrev akken ad tallev a$ref n Öuman, am zun d idammen ik"". Am zun ur isuget awal, Aderbal yerna ugar di tebôatt nni yura i Öuman ass-mi i yas nezzi i ti$remt n Sirta. Aderbal inna di tebratt nni17 : "...Tagelda n Numidia nwen kenwi, get as akken tram, ekkset iyi kan ger tuccar n Yugurten ; di laânaya nwen, di laânaya n tgelda n Öuman, i wudem n jedd-i Masnsen...". Win ar issiwven taêilett $er talast am tagi, ur as d igwri yise$, ur as d iqqim yisem n tissas akken ad yili n uéar n at Yiles, ad iqqim d agellid n Tmaz$a. Awalen nni yenna, ass-mi i yasen sli$, tuli yi d tkuffirt deg idmaren iw, uki$ as i tkurt tcudd turin iw. Ikkes abernus

16

Aderbal devant le Sénat à Rome, défendant sa cause contre Jugurtha : "Au

moment de sa mort mon père Micipsa me prescrivit de me considérer seulement comme l'intendant du royaume de Numidie, dont vous étiez les maîtres légitimes et les véritables souverains; de m'efforcer aussi, dans la paix comme dans la guerre, de rendre le plus de services possibles au peuple romain." (Salluste, p. 23) 17

Tabratt n Aderbal i Sénat n Öuma : "...Disposez à votre gré du royaume de

Numidie, puisqu'il est à vous ; mais arrachez-moi à des mains parricides : je vous en conjure par la majesté de votre Empire, par les droits sacrés de l'amitié, s'il demeure encore en vous quelque souvenir de mon aïeul Masinissa...." (Salluste, p. 47).

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TULLIANUM

is, iooa iman-is akken d aâryan. Taggara, ur as d igwri yisem n yise$. Ur illa d gma. Idammen i ya$ icerkan, nek kkse$ ten. 5 waguren i yas nezzi i te$remt n Sirta. Taggara, tefra temsalt is, Aderbal yu$ abrid n Hiemsal. D abrid i yu$en i ten isnegren i sin18. Zdat anekcum $er ti$remt n Sirta, mi nella nezzi yas, usan d im$aren n Öuman $er Utique aken ad a$ frun. Ger yem$aren nni yella Aemilius Scaurus. Uznen i yi d, rzi$ $er dinna, éri$ ten. Nek nni$ ayen nni$, sefhem$ asen tadyant, ni$ asen d Aderbal i d yu$alen $er cwal maççi d nek. Taggara ma yefka d udem, iffe$ si Sirta ilha, ne$ tifrat n temsalt ad teglu s uqerru-s ne$ s uqerru-w nek. Timmist d tukksa kan i d dwa-s. Im$aren nni n Öuman u$alen $er wansa i d kkan, nek fki$ lameô i laâskeô ad kecmen Sirta. Aderbal iff$ ed s laâsker is ad yeg imen$i. Itwaîîef, immut din am netta am wid illan yid-es. Ur illa webrid nniven. Mi slan di Öuma kecme$ Sirta, Aderbal immut, d$a ikcem iten uferfud ameqran. Wid ib$an dinna ad sme$ren taluft, ad d aznen laâskeô $er tmurt nne$, kkren fell-asen. Fkan as ôôay i Consul Calpurnius Bestia, sbedden t $ef temsalt n Numidya, akken ad iheggi laâskeô is.

18

Mi yas izzi Yugurten i Sirta, Aderbal iwet akken ad d iffe$ s laâskeô is . Itwaîîef.

Yugurten ikcem ti$remt. Am Aderbal, am Imazi$en illan yid-es din, iêkem asen s lmut.

Taggara n Yugurten

17

TULLIANUM

Zran kra waguren, laâskeô n Öuman zegren d ilel, kecmen d tamurt nne$. Aqerru nsen d Consul Calpurnius Bestia, idda d yiwen wem$ar n Senat, Aemilius Scaurus.

Taggara n Yugurten

18

TULLIANUM

Tallit n Bestia Calpurnius Tewwev a$ d tafat $er wanzaren. Ur illa anida a nerwel. Di tidett ur b$i$ tôad nekwni akw d Öuman. Nekwni yid-sen icerk a$ umezruy $ezzifen seg wass-mi yella jedd-i Masnsen di tôad n Carthage. Ivelli kan, nek lli$ yid-sen, s imnayen imazi$en, di tôad n Numance di Sbanya19. Cfi$ ass-mi i yi yuzen Makawsen akken ad zegre$ ilel Agrakal20, ad nna$e$ $er tama nsen. Zegre$ Ilel nek akw d ujemmal n imnayen Imazi$en. Newwet aneccab, axtuc, acangal, ajenwi. Nefka tayett i jiniral Scipion armi nessenger acengu. Necrew tidi, neçça a$rum asemmav yid-sen. Dinna i lemde$ tussna n tôad n Öuüman, amek i yas teddun, amek seddun tiêêerci nsen. Dinna i rni$ lemde$ ugar tameslayt nsen, talaîinit. Acêal iseggwasen n talwit deg nella nekwni d Öuman, nek ur ri$ ad d asen wussan n

tôad yid-sen. £ille$ tadyant n Hiemsal akw d

Aderbal ad d qqiment kan gar-ane$ nekwni di Tmaz$a, ma d Öuman ur ten tewwiv temsalt. £as éri$ tamsalt n tlisa nekwni d Öuman ur

19

Yugurten ifka t ugellid Makawsen akken ad yall Öuman deg imen$i n Numance

di Sbanya. Ass-mi ikfa tôad, ikker ad d yu$al, ifka yas d tabratt jiniral Scipion i Makawsen : « Ayaw ik Yugurten, yufrar deg imen$i n Numance. Tikli-s d tiôôukza ines sfeôêent iyi. Tanemmirt ik i mi yi d tunzev argaz am wagi di tegwnitt n tidett. £urek ayaw i yeddan deg webrid n jedd-is Masnsen. 20

Ilel Agrakal : mer Méditerranée.

Taggara n Yugurten

19

TULLIANUM

frant segmi sersen ivaôôen nsen deg wakal amazi$ illan ddaw Carthage, sarme$ ad asen d naf abrid i tifrat nebla ameréi. Akken a sen sefru$ tadyant, uzne$ mmi, akw d kra n im$aren, nni$ asen ad awven $er Öuma ad siwven awal iw, ad magren C. Bestia, ad éren im$aren n Senat i yasen fki$, ad inin : "d atmaten iw, Hiemsal akw d Aderbal i d isnulfan cwal, maççi n nek ; d ayen gan kan nitni i wu$ur wven nitni. Nek sarme$ talwit, nitni kkren d i imen$i. D nek, Yugurten i tesnem ivelli di Numance i d Yugurten n wass-a". Ass-mi wven $er Öuma, ur ten ooan ad kecmen ti$remt, gan asen afrag. Isuter C. Bestia akken a kecmen Curia, taggara ur ten ooan ad kecmen, ur ten ooan ad inin awal win s $uri. U$alen d si Öuma am akken zegren. S tmu$li yagi n talwit i yas ddi$ i C. Bestia ass-mi d ikcem tamurt nne$. Yal ass teddu$ akken ad d afe$ anwa abrid yes a nefru cwal agi d ikkren. £as laâskeô n Bestia di tazwara kan srewten ayen wumi zemren, ser$en acêal d i$rem, acêal d yiger, wicqa. Nni$ as ma yella wenziz usirem akken ad tefru s talwit, anziz nni ilaq a$ ad t id neîîef. Mi mlale$ Bestia, nni$ as : « abrid n tôad ur ilha i nitni ur ilha i nekwni. Tôad ur isuffu$ $er wayen ilhan ». Taggara, tadyant teffe$ akken nniven. Lli$ di te$remt n Begga21 ass-mi d usan, nnan i yi d ad ddu$ ad ére$ Bestia di te$remt n Utique, deg wakal îîfen deffir uhuddu n 21

Begga = Beja, ti$remt tella di Tunes

Taggara n Yugurten

20

TULLIANUM

Carthage. Ass-en, ufi$ tajmaât thegga akken ad gen azal n lehna. Ger iôumyen, llan im$aren n Tmaz$a i yellan seg wedrum n Aderbal. Neqqim, nesawel, wi$ asen d tadyant akken tella si tazwara armi d taggara, Aderbal nni i yegguman ad d ifk udem, tawa$it n Sirta. Mi nekker, nefra. I wakken a nesers talwit, ilaq a$ ad sen nefk 30 n lfilan, ajemmal n yezgaren akw d igemren. Si tama-w, nek kki$ asen si tewwurt. Qeble$. Ma s lfil, azger ne$ agmer ad d tas talwit, d abrid qeble$ ula d nek, $as ééay wanect i d cerven fell-a$. Ma yella d asfel $ef tlisa n tmurt nne$, am zun ur illa kra. Tamurt n Masnsen teddukel, ur tebva di tlemmast. Si tifrat nni n Utique, nefka ayen i ya$ d cerven, ters-ed talwit. Iôumyen deg wemkan nsen, ff$en tilisa n Tmaz$a, kecmen akal n Carthage, nekwni neqqim deg wemkan nne$. N$il tefra dayen. Mi yewwev wawal $er Öuma, slan ifra yugurten akw d tejmaât n Bestia akw d Scaurus, tekker gar-asen. Wid ib$an ad si$en times di Curia n Senat ufan as abrid, icban C. Memmius. Ulac taêilet ur d iwwi akken ad isendem wid n senat iqeblen tifrat n Bestia. Inna yasen "Bestia akw d imeddukal is zenzen tamurt, zenzen nnif n tmurt nsen, ...". Tiî is netta, di tfukal nni, akken kan ad tt ifru d yexsimen is deg wurar yellan gar-asen. Imir di Öuma terna tekker tmes ugar. Sin iderma i yellan di Senat. Yiwet tama d at "nobilis", at wakal widen yeôwan, si tama nniven d at "popular", im$iden. Yal tikkelt, d timsizzelt gar-asen anwa ad d yernun tardast deg wdabu n tejmaât n Senat. Tu$al am tiddas gar-

Taggara n Yugurten

21

TULLIANUM

asen. Win ikkan sya, wayev ad as d yekk syin. U$alen am wemcic d u$erda. £as akken bvan $ef sin iderma, di taggara tekka tama di tayev ; awal n Memmius tqebl it tejmaât n Senat. Fran ad ôéen tifrat nni d illan gara-ne$, ad aznen ugar n laâskeô nsen $er Numidya, ad sme$ren imen$i. Senat n Öuma yuzen d Cassius. Uznen t id $er Tmaz$a akken ad iyi d issiwev awal fran di Senat. Mi nemlal, inna yi d cceôt n Öuma : ilaq ad zegre$, ad sutre$ asuref (smaê) d laânaya di tejmaât n Öuma. Inna yi d da$, yif tifrat yid-sen nitni wala tôad d wegdud n Öuman. Ufi$ d abrid. Nitni fkan d udem, nek nni$ asen deg webrid i lli$. Fri$ d ôôay iw, anida tella tebôiîî n tifrat a newwet a tt nevfeô. èri$ nek abrid n tôad anida yesuffu$. Win issnen, ala a$ilif, imeîîawen akw d idammen i d irennu. Awal nni lwaêid d Cassius, itkaki yi d tadyant ni n wass-mi zegre$ nek akw d laâskeô Imazi$en $er tmurt n Sbanya akken a nenna$ di Numance, tama n Öuman. Si $ursen i lemde$ tussna imen$i. Si $ur jiniôal Scipion i lemde$ tiêêerci n tôad, aseddes n laâskeô, tikli isdarin imdanen, inif si tama $er tayev, tikli $er deffir yal wa deg wemkan is. Di tedyant nni n Numance i d gi$ imdeddukal Iôumyen. D imeddukel idammen, cuba$ ten d atmaten iw. Ass-a ur ri$ ad azle$ $er tôad, ur ri$ ad dehme$ wid illan d atmaten iw ivelli.

Taggara n Yugurten

22

TULLIANUM

Tilufa n Hiemsal akw d Aderbal frant, ayen $ef nudan ufan t, ma d nek ur tiî iw ad azle$ $er imen$i nekwni mgal Öuman. Zegre$ ilel, d abrid $er Öuma. Mi nekcem $er Senat, d C. Memmius i d ibdan awal. Iwwi d tadyant akken i yas ihwa : n$i$, rni$, ff$e$ iberdan, kkse$ sser $ef a$ref n öÖuman... Ur iooa ti$mert, ur iooa taêilett. Isseks ed anda i yas ihwa akken ad isseêmu tajmaât n Senat. Awal is iban anida yesuffu$. Mi yesuli awal is C. Memmius, irna d tilufa-s Quintus Minucius Ruffus, taggar sutren d akken ad asen rre$ awal. Mi ddi$ ad d netqe$, taggara d C. Baebius i d ineîqen, igzem iyi d awal. £as ikker herwel, imdanen illan dinna sugten tiwu$a, Baebius ur sen isusem. Inna d ayen inwa d abrid. Anejmaâ ifra, neff$ ed si Curia, tiyersi tebda tfessi. Mi n$il frant, imir i bdant. Mi tefra temsalt nek akw d Öuman, tlul ed taluft nniven nek d watmaten iw. Mi teddu$ ad u$ale$ $er Tmaz$a, tadyant n Masiwen tebda tettim$ur di Öuma. Masiwen, seêman t id imeddukal is, izzi yasen i yat tejmaât n Senat akken ad as fken tamurt n Numidya, ne$ ad as rren i netta amur n tmurt illan deg wfus n Aderbal. Ilmend deg ad yili $er idisan iw, a nedukkel, netta yu$ abrid n Hiemsal akw d Aderbal. £as d gma n idammen, yiwen babat nne$, yiwen jedd nne$ Masnsen, Masiwen ur d iîîif anziz si tirrugza n jeddis. Tamurt n baba-s d jedd-is irra t d ayla n Öuman. Ib$a ad d ya$ tagelda si Öuma. Masiwen illa dinna di Senat ger widen akken isekren tiwu$a. Wid nni isegwten aéeggi akw d tsusaf $ef Yugurten.

Taggara n Yugurten

23

TULLIANUM

Afus degne$ i yella. Armi tevra twa$it i fehme$ anida i tella twekka. Iôumyen, tiêerci ssnen as. Anida ur teîîif ad andin tixfett anda nniven. D wid d isêercen Masiwen, zun d lexyal n tebêirt, i yas d ifkan win ar as iqqimen. Fkan as t id ad t ine$ akken ad sme$ren taluft, ad awven anida saramen : anekcum n tamaz$a. Qqimen as, n$an t di tlemmast n öÖuma. Nitni n$an t, tiyita sbabben tt i Bumelxir, nek sefven d ajenwi $er yiri-w. Suff$en d awal, yiwen seg wid in$an itwaîîef, nnan yuddr-ed isem n Bumelxir akw d Yugurten. Di herwel nni, nni$ as i Bumelxir ad isenser iman is si Öuma, tiêila n Öuman nessen itent. Netta ad yu$al $er tmurt. Nek ad qqime$ ad qable$ tajmaât n Senat. Tundar nsen banent am azal, ala tasusmi i yasen ur susume$. Akken teffe$ teffe$. Nu$al $er tejmaât n Senat. Akken nekcem, neqqim, d$a sekren felli ahlelli. Ur ooan yir awal, ur ooan aéeggi. Widen isazlen idim n Masiwen wten ad glun yissi akken ad tt frun di yiwet tegwnitt : n$an Masiwen, akken ad glun s uqerru n Yugurten. Awal n tidett ur illa deg wawalan nsen, awalen n Memmius. D tussda kan i wumi d stufan : « Amek ? Ten$iv argaz di tlemmast n ¨Öuma, teréiv laânaya n tmurt nne$ ? ur t giv leqdeô i tmurt n Öuman ! .... ». Ayen akw d suff$en, nek susme$, gguni$ anda a teffe$. Çàçi$ s wallen widen d isawalen, yiwen yiwen akken ad cfu$ fellasen. Win ççi$ s wallen netta ad isers allen is, ad isusem am zun ur illa di tirkeft nni iseglafen. Zzi$ tamu$li-w i tzeqqa nni n Senat. èerre$ idurran nni

Taggara n Yugurten

24

TULLIANUM

n yemdanen. Nitni rekkmen seg wurfan, nek rni$ tasusmi, nitni rennun deg wurfan ugar. Taggara, mi kkre$ ad d netqe$, ise$l id C. Baebius, inna yi d : « d nek ad d isiwlen, keçç susem kan !». Baebius iskefl-ed tiêila nsen yiwet yiwet, ifsi tundar cudden s wawalen i yes tent cudden nitni. Inna d tiqerêanin, ise$l id tasusmi di tejmaât. Yefra unejmaâ n Senat. Ticeôkett nsen tezgel. S wurfan n taluft nni i d yernan i d ff$e$, ooi$-en Öuma $er deffir, d abrid $er Sirîa. Tuff$a d ff$e$ si Öuma, fran tt nitni $ursen zun d ansar i d nesre$, d tarewla i d rewle$. Wid yundin ticeôkett , wid akken ib$an ad glun s uqerru-w, ufan tawwurt deg ad seêmun at Senat, nnan « mi yerwel, d tidett, armi in$a ! ». Akka ! Di Öuma gwten wid ib$an ccwal ugar. Mi tent xeôôzen akken Senat ad imil $er tama nsen, ad a$ iîîef akken nella, taggara nni$ asen i imeddukal iw : ddut ! D abrid kan ar a$ ijebôen. Ayen d ikkan gar-a$ yid-sen drus !. Mi d neffe$ si ti$remt n Öuma, tuli d tkurt n wurfan, zzi$ $er deffir, se$le$ $er ti$remt, d$a nni$ asen : ""Ti$remt usekkak, ad d yas wass n nger is ass-mi ad taf bab-is".22

22

" Vrbem uenalem et mature perituram si emptorem inuenerit !" / "Ville vénale, et qui ne

tardera pas à périr si elle trouve un acheteur !".

Taggara n Yugurten

25

TULLIANUM

Mi d wve$ $er Tmaz$a, mi kecme$ Sirta i yas uki$ i twa$it deg nella. Ayen akw nuzzel, taggara in$el, iwwi t wasif. Aéar n tixubta yella deg-ne$, taggara yerra ya$ t id akken tella di tazwara. Ad as nu$al i wgadir swadda. Di Sirta, gi$ aberraê, $re$ i tejmaât n yem$aren. Usan d akken llan, di yal ti$meôt n Tmaz$a, di yal adrar, di yal aza$ar. Tadyant meqqret, i$imi-s ad yi$zif. Mi teddu$ ad asen ini$ awalen imezwura, gre$ tamawt i tejmaât nni, d$a tkaki$ d ayen éri$ di tejmaât n Senat di Öuma, di Curia nni. Di Sirta ur llan at Nobilis, ur llan at popular. Yiwen wedrum i yellan. Zdat wallen iw llan kan Imazi$en am nek. Yal yiwen d am$ar n tmurt deg yella, yusa d seg Awras, si A$balu, si Tedmayt, si Tezmalt ne$ ansa nniven. Yal yiwen yusa d acku uznen t id widen illan dinna. Ur illa d idammen n jedd-is, ne$ d igran n yirden is i t id issawven $er tejmaât n Tmaz$a. èri$ imir ayen illan $urne$, ayen ur illa $ur Öuman. £urne$ imdanen yiwen wazal nsen, ur llant tseddaôin ger imdanen. Masnsen, jedd-i, ass-mi yu$al d agellid, yu$al s yi$il is d wayen iga s timmad is, ur illa s idammen n jedd-is netta. Wi$ asen d i wid d izzin tadyant akken tebda armi d taggara, awal zdat Senat, tixidas n wid ib$an ad a$ snegren, tadyant n Masiwen. Nni$ asen taggara, ussan d iteddun ur llan d ussan n tifrat gar-a$ d Öuman. Si tura a nheggi iman-nne$ i yimen$i yidsen. Tilisa nne$ d nekwni kan i d tise$lit nsent. Nni$ asen, ma zik ngen tanafa, ass-a a

Taggara n Yugurten

26

TULLIANUM

ngen kan azgen, ma zik neqqen snat wallen, ass-a a neqqen kan yiwet tiî, ma zik nedda d tikli, ass-a a nazzel. Nek sawle$ asen, nitni slan d, nnan d ayen éran d abrid, tamu$li nne$ yiwet. Tefra tejmaât n im$aren, tekker, yal yiwen yu$ abrid is ad isiwev awal i yat tmurt is, akken ad isuffe$ aberraê ameqran n tnekra.

Taggara n Yugurten

27

TULLIANUM

Tallit n Albinus Postumius C. Bestia izzi $er tmurt is ur isers tifrat, ur iôéa afud n Yugurten. Awal is iôéa t Senat n tmurt is. Yu$al $er Öuma am zun ur d izgir. Di tegwnitt nni, laâskeô nsen berken di tlisa n tmurt n carthage, nekwni nbedd $ef yiman-nne$, negguni ass is. Ur negguni aguren mi nesla izger d jiniral Albinus s weglaf n laâskeô. Yal asafar n imen$i igla d yes. Acêal d ababuô i d iççuô akken ad isem$er tôad. Yides idda d gma-s, Aulus, d aâsekriw am netta. Mi ya$ d sawven awal wid illan di tmurt n Carthage, suff$e$ awal i yal tamurt n Tmaz$a. Ass n tôad ass-a yusa d. Ussan imezwura, Iôumyen bdan suffu$en d tuccar nsen, tikwal da, tikwal din. Teddun am aôéen nni n te$rast, ur ooan i$mert. Yiwen wass ad qqsen ti$remt, igran, ass iven ad hudden tiliwa d tmedwa n waman. Ansa kkan d a$ilif, ala lmut, idammen akw d imeîîawen i d teooen $er deffir. Nitni teddun, nekwni tikwal ngezzem asen abrid, tikwal neooa ten ad zrin. Tiî nne$ newkni, neb$a a néer amek tikli nsen. Axbacen nni nsen, iban ed ur illa d abrid nsen nitni. Iban d abrid n tiêêerci. Acku Öuman, ma yeqsed tamurt, d nger. Di tallit nni, nek éri$ ayen illan di tyezmert n Öuman, acêal n yergazen i yellan, ma d nitni ur éran acêal n yergazen i zemre$ ad d sdukkle$ i tôad. £ef aya, di yal timlilit yidsen, tefke$ asen kan ayen iwulmen akken a ten qablen. Irgazen d igwran ugar. Ansa i d ff$en, ad d afen imazi$en zdat nsen, ne$ ad d êlellin deffir nsen, zun teff$en d am t$irdemiwin si ddaw tmurt. Ansa kkan ad

Taggara n Yugurten

28

TULLIANUM

afen Imazi$en zwaren ten $er wemkan. Nedda yasen yiwet yiwet, armi ççan tiyita di yal tama. Qbel ad akwin ansa i yasen d tekka tyita, Imazi$en uffgen, ff$en annar imen$i. Nedda yasen am tasna n waôéen, tuqqsa $ef tikkelt, affug $ef tikkelt. Tewv ed tegrest, i$li d usemmiv, tôad ifra. Laâskeô n Öuman u$en amkan nsen ; qimen anda i ten tu$. Di tallit nni, akken iéôa Albinus tetraê ôéaget, teteddu $er uqerru-s, yu$ abrid, yu$al $er Öuma. Di Tmaz$a, iooa d gma-s, Aulus, akken ad iêkem laâskeô is. Di Öuma terwi gar-asen. yal tama tekkat akken ad teîîef Senat. Ur fran. Teqqim akken texôez. Tafrent ur d tezmir ad d tili. Di Tmaz$a, Aulus isla amek terwi di Öuma. Ikker, wissen ib$a ad izwir ad ikfu tôad akken ad yawi ise$ i yiri-s, ne$ ib$a kan ad d isuffe$ tuccar is, di yennayer n tegrest d usemmiv, isuff$ ed laâskeô is akken ad nna$en yidne$. Abrid is amezwaru $er ti$remt n Sutul23. Mi nesla s tedyant nni, nuzzel akken ad as d neg afrag i Sutul. Qbel a nawev, nemlal deg webrid widen uzne$ akken ad d awin isalan si Sutul. Ti$remt tefreg, agadir is ad iteîîef. Aulus ur izmir ad ikcem. zzin as i ti$remt acêal n wuvan d wussan, nekwni negguni d si t$altin. Aulus amcum, anekcum ib$a ad ikcem ti$remt, tigwdi yugad ad yaé $er zdat. Yuki yas d taqerêant. Mi neéra akken, nni$ asen i wid illan yidi : a neddu a nqeôôeb $ures, a t id nesselqev netta d laâskeô is $er wennar ilaqen ; syen a néer ma d imen$i i $ef iteddu 23

Sutul = Astul ( ?) ; ur nessin anta ti$remt ass-a di Tunes, ne$ di Lezzayer.

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TULLIANUM

Aulus, ne$ d askan n tezmert is kan. Illa deg wawal n zik : "ma tse$lev, ewwet ! Ma ur tezmirev, ur s$al ! Ayen wumi zware$, fki$ widen ikecmen ger laâskeô n Aulus. Yal tardast i ddan, yiwen segsen ad a$ d isiwev ayen illan, anida llan, d wayen nnan. Tga ya$ zun gar-asen i nella. Nekwni neteddu, nitni teddun deffir nne$. Tameddit n wass, Aulus d laâskeô is gan agraw ad nsen deg yiwen wegwni. Agwni nni zzint as d tawrarin si yal tama. Amkan nni nessen it, nessen iberdan is. Akken d i$li yiv, usan d $urne$ wid nne$ sawven a$ awal, d$a nni$ asen i ccifan illan yidi : - "A wen d ini$ awal. Acêal n wussan aya i nessensar i Aulus. Newkni neéra ayen illan, netta ur iéri. Di tôav d axvaf. Win iwten d amezwaru i yezwaren $er miêlal. Tamsalt n Aulus a tt nefru ass-a. A nekcem deg yiv tagrurt is. Yal yiwen segwen ad ikker ad iheggi laâskeô is". £as éran imen$i n yiv ur illa d tanumi nne$, taggara éran ilaq a$ a t nefru. Mi d nni$ awal iw susmen, yal yiwen ikker ad iheggi wid ines. Tiremt nseggem idurra, d abrid $er tekwant anida iffer Aulus akw d laâskeô is. Nedda yas xmat xmat, awal ur illa. Nekka yasen d s ufella, nezzi yasen $ef idisan, ur illa wanida a rewlen. Mi éri$ nezzi d akw i terbaât, nga ameqyas, ne$li fellasen am akken t$elli tmedda $ef wewtul.

Qbel ad a akwin ad éran ayen ivran

yidsen, nekwni nesserwet asgwen deg gnen. Ur éran ad rewlen ne$ ad kkren ad wten $ef yiman-nsen. Nadam, aâggu n tikli acêal n wussan akw d wesduqqes nni, abrid nsen d anejli akka d wakka.

Taggara n Yugurten

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Ikker herwel ameqran deg wennar nni. Amur ameqran segsen rewlen, dduklen $er yiwet tewrirt illan nnig wemkan nni.

Nurez

Aulus, laâskeô neooa ten ad nesren. Yu$ lêal nezzi d akw i tmurt nni. Tevra yid-sen am i$erdayen deg umeôdax. Aulus nurez it id, atmaten is ur illa anida a rewlen. Mi yuli wass, sutre$ as i Aulus a ten nefru. Si tlemmast n yiv, si mi i yasen nekcem annar, nezzi yasen, nek refve$ srusu$ amek i d ixef is temsalt agi. Ayen b$i$ nek, d abrid n tifrat nekwni akw d Öuman. Imen$i n wass-a, nek b$i$ ad irnu tardast i tifrat. Tella da$ tayev ; $urne$ axsim ma ye$li, iwwev tamurt, ixnunes, argaz n tissas ur as irennu tiyita. Akken i yas ddi$ i Aulus, qime$ $er tama-s, nni$ as : - Tusam d ad a$ tenna$em di tmurt nne$. D kenwi i d izegren ilel, tkecmem d Tamaz$a nne$. Nekwni ur nra tôad nekwni d öÖuman ; i nessarem kan d talwit, yal yiwen ad iqqim di tmurt is, ad iqqim di tlisa s. Taggara tesseflem d acêal n laâskeô ad tgem tôad deg wakal nne$. Keç a Aulus, u$al $er tmurt ik, siwev awal iw i Senat di Öuma. Mi yas kfi$ awalen iw, $re$ i sin nne$ îîfen ixtucen, sutre$ asen ad bedden, ad gen tawwurt gar-asen, si tama $er tayev. Aulus di tamas, i$ra i laâsker is ad sersen uzzal nsen. Imen$i ifra. Se$le$ as i Aulus d amezwaru, idda d s leêder, ikna, izra ddaw ixtucen nni. Syen, wa deffir wa, Iôumyen nni, zran di tewwurt armi d aneggaru. Neooa ten u$alen $er Utique.

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Mi yewwev wawal n twa$it ivran $er tmurt n Öuma, ikker deg-sen uferfud. Awal nsen yiwen kan :"Amek d tella tifrat d Yugurten, amek Aulus ifka awal n Öuma, netta i yugaden ad immet, yugad ad iwwet s yi$il ilmend yessers ajenwi ines. Awal n Öuma ala Senat i izemren a t yefk. Aulus nni i ya$ d iwwin tacmatt, awal is ur degs azal." Albinus, dadda-s n Aulus iéra tadyant n gma-s $er yixef is i tezmer ad d teddu, iseêma awal akken Senat a tt ifru, ad d yernu laâskeô $er Tmaz$a. Di tmerwi nni, Senat igguma ad idu deg wawal n Albinus, igguma ad d yernu laâskeô. Albinus inne$wna, txerb as twenza, syen yu$ abrid n Tmaz$a, ikcem $er Utique. Nnan, mi d yusa kan si Öuma, $as di tlemmast n tegrest, ib$a ad d isuffe$ laâskeô is akken ad yerr ttaô n gma-s. Mi yefhem tawa$it deg llan laâskeô nni, yugad ad yeçç tiyita tis snat. Isers iman-is, igguni tafsut, igguni ass-is. Tadyant nni n Aulus terna d fella$ aferfud. Di Öuma cudden arkasen akken ad d rren ttaô, Albinus ihegga iman-is, nekwni neqqim, newhem amek i d ixf is. Abrid is iban anida i teteddu. Ad yer$ uzegzaw $ef uquran. Tilufa n ¨Öuman nessen itent acêal aya. Di tazwara kan suff$e$ aberraê i twizi tameqrant. Yal tamurt ad d tefk irgazen. Ayen i ya$ ixulfen nekwni akw d Öuman d wagi : nitni sbedden tamurt nsen $ef tejmaât n Senat, adabu illa, laâskeô illa. Yal tikkelt a sen d te$li taluft, d timerna kan i d rennun i wayen iheggan. Nekwni di Tmaz$a, ur teddunt akken. Nnig laâskeô i yellan yidi seg yixef $er yixef useggwas, amur ameqran d ifellaêen i d itekkren ma

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yili uberraê i tôad. Yugar deg-sen i yu$en tanumi d uqabac, i yu$en tanumi d ujenwi ne$ d uneccab. £as akken, yal yiwen deg-sen mi yebges, zun d izem. £as d ifellaêen, nitni yal ass heggan akken ad wten $ef tmurt nsen. Ma d tiyita n Öuman, tikwal alamma tewwev $er talast i d teffken udem. Acengu, $ursen, d win kan d ikecmen tilisa n taddart nsen. Tu$al-ed tmu$li nsen ansi d u$alent tlisa n wakal n ti$remt nsen. £ursen, win d ikecmen Tamaz$a, skud ur d iwiv akal nsen, am zun ur illa. Amur ameqran n tikli akw d tazzla, teddu$ ten akken ad fru$ tilufa n imen$iyen gar-asen. Mi tefra yiwet ad d tlal tayev. Akka yal tamurt, yal tallit. Tikwal $ef tkessawt, tikwal $ef waman n wasif, tikwal $ef wulac ne$ $ef wawal ger sin imdanen. Mi tekker tmes, ugar i d irennun i cwal id ikeçmen i tifrat. Akka i d at tmurt nna$. Ddi$ i yal tamurt akken a nesbedd tanekra. Di yal ti$remt, ad yili wefrag, ad yili wayen ççen aguren ma yezi yasen Öuman. Anda ur llan t tesrafin, n$ez tisrafin i yirden, timéin, tazart, tini. Yal taddart ad tili tgella ines. Anda llant tuddar ur nefrig, nesdukkel itent anda yella wefrag. Nesulli ayen illan d irgazen, imnayen, igemren.

Wid

isefsayen uzzal begsen, wid inejren as$ar êebken i tanjert n temsegfin, n ixtucen d ineccaben. Yal yiwen ikker, irgazen, tilawin. D tiwizi tameqrant, d tiwizi n tmara. Di yal ti$remt, ilmezyen kkren, imeéyanen bedden di yal tawrirt, di yal ti$ilt, allen nsen êercent. Ayen imbawlen éran t, awal iwev ti$remt.

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Mi fran di Senat n Öuma, Albinus ilaq as ad yu$al $er tmurt is. Ad yu$al akken d asemmav, ur d irra ttaô n gma-s. D Cecilius Metellus i wumi d fkan di Senat ad ibedd $ef Tmaz$a. Tamurt nne$ nekwni, nitni sbedden as d aqerru si Öuma, am zun d ayla nsen nitni !

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Tallit n Metellus Cecilius Metellus irna d laâskeô ugar, irna d uzzal, igemren, syen yu$-ed abrid n Tmaz$a s wacêal ibabuôen. Mi d iwev yufa d Albinus. Izzi d akw i wanida llan laâskeô n Öuman. Yal tama yekka yas d, taggara iéra s wallen is ayen illan. Ala asekkak $er gma-s, ala yir tanumi di yir iberdan. Iéra tawa$it nni n laâskeô nsen. Ur llan d wid $ef a yettkel. Ifhem, ur llan d wiv izemren ad yeg tôad mgal Imazi$en. Akken ad ya$ abrid n tôad, Metellus, ilaq as ad ibeddel udem n laâskeô is. Ussan kan imezwura ibeddel asen tikli, ikkes asen ayen n dir, ikkes asen yir tanumi, isbedd iten s tazzla, tikli d walmad n tôad gar-asen ; yal ass ad beddlen amkan, yal ass ad ddun akin akka. Acemma kan yerra yasen d ifadden nni n laâskeô. Ayen akw ixeddem Metellus, nekwni $ef tiî nne$. Acêal n tikkal i yas uzne$ i Metellus akken ad as d naf tawwurt. Tôad nekwni akw d Öuman, nek ur t b$i$, Metellus ur as illan d abrid ilhan. D yir abrid i sin yid-ne$, d yir abrid i ¨Öuma, d yir abrid i Tmaz$a. Uzne$ as imdanen akken, s wawal ilhan, a nekkes tagut illan gar-ane$, ad d naf abrid n tifrat. Metellus iqqen it akken nniven. Ilmend n tifrat, Metellus iwet ad yeg ticeôket s yal amdan i yuzne$. Iôeggem i yal yiwen , i yal amdan ar as yessiwven ger ifassen is Yugurten icudd am izimer. Ass-mi i ya$ d êkan widen akw d iweûûa, fehme$ ur illa laman d wergaz agi. £as akken, ur kkise$ layas. Nni$ as, ayen nezzu$er

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ugar, ayen d nêella di talwit ugar. Di Öuma, éri$ tezmer ad tbeddel tallit, izmer ad ibeddel udem udabu, ad zrin waguren, ad tekkes t$ennant fell-a$. £uri, Metellus akken i yas fkan laâskeô ad yeg tôad, i zemren ad as d aznen azekka ad yu$al ansa i d yusa. Yal ass i d nekkes i tôad $uri ilha. Metellus icudd arkasen, ib$a ad ibeggen i widen t id yuznen izmer as i tôad n Tmaz$a. Ib$a ad ibeggen i yexûimen is di Öuma atan istahel amkan agi deg yella. Ib$a ad ifru uguren n Senat di Öuma s idammen n Tmaz$a. Akka di yal tamurt, di yal tallit. Amdan yiwet tikli ines ; tilufa n wemkan agi ad iwet a tent ifru seg wemkan nniven. Tga am temsâaraqt nni : « afus is deg wfus inu, ûûut is agemmavin ». Yiwen wass armi d bdan teff$en d laâskeô n Metellus si tlisa n wakal Carthage, d abrid $er Tmaz$a. Mi yi d sawven awal, uki$ i yir ussan wven d. Ayen akw newwet akken ur d keççmen akal nne$, ass-a tewv a$ tafat $er wanzaren. Ur illa anida a nesinef. Di tazwara, mi d bdan tikli nsen, ur ser$en, ur n$an, ur snegren. Metellus akw Marius teddun d, nwan a yi d afen deg webrid gguni$ ten. Teddun, teddun abrid nsen $er Ti$remt n Begga. Dinna di Begga, ooan tarbaât n laâskeô, îîfen ti$remt, syen rnan ddan abrid nsen $er zdat. Nitni teddun, nek seddu$ awal nni inu. Nni$ as $as cudden d arkasen i tôad, nezmer ad d naf tasarut n tifrat. Ur iéra yiwen ansa ad d tas tafat. Awal n Metellus i widen uzne$ ur ibeddel ara, iqqim yiwen is : "awit i yi d Yugurten d ameddur ne$ d a$errus".

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Illa deg wawal zik "mar a tawev tfidi s i$es, ur illan anida a terrev". Metellus isawev tifidi anida ur itekkes iqerriê. Nufa, ilaq as ad iêliles, ad iéer teqreê n imen$i akken ad d yu$al $er webrid ilhan. Nefra ad sen neqqim di tza$art n Mutul, akin i wasif. Nezwar asen, nhegga iman-nne$ dinna. Bumelxirr yu$ amkan is s laâskeô is akw lfilan illan, nek îîfe$ d amkan agemmav $er tama n ti$ilt. Nefra amek i d ixf is mar ad d awven amkan nni. Neqqim negguni ten. Awalen nni i yasen nni$ i laâskeô nne$ ur ten ttu$. Awalen nni usan d seg idammen iw, usan d seg iéuran n tmurt nni n imezwura nne$. Ass-en tkaki$ d jedd-i, Masnsen. Ur b$i$ tôad ur qebble$ azaglu i tmurt iw. Nni$ asen i laâskeô nne$ : - " Ay atmaten ! ass-a yusa d wass deg a nekkes azaglu i tmurt nne$ ! Ur neffi$ iberdan, ur nekcim tamurt n medden, ur nezgir ilel akin i wedrar n Tgergert a nawev tamurt n medden ! Ass-a aqla$ di tmurt nne$, deg wakal nne$ anida llan iéuran nne$ d ye$san n imezwura nne$ ! Ur nezmir a nefk afus di tmurt nne$ ! ad a$ zmen lejdud nne$ ! Wid d ikecmen ass-a usan akin i yilel, usan akin i wedrar, ôéan laânaya n tmurt nne$, kecmen Begga ! Ma neooa ten, ad kecmen yal ti$remt, yal tamurt ! Talast, d nekwni a sen t id igen s yi$il nne$ ! Ur nuzzel $er tôad! Nezwar s yiles, s wawal n talwit, s wawal ilhan akken ad d nefru tiyersi icudden ! Ass-a ur d fkan tameééu$t, ur gan ccan i wawal nne$ ! Ma tella tuzzma, fell-asen kan a d tili ! Aqli zdat nwen ! Acengu ad d iteddu ! Ise$ nne$, ise$ n tmurt nne$ d kenwi i ibedden akken ad as terrem tise$lit ! Aqla$

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neddukel afus deg wfus, tayett $er tayett a nerreé i$il i ya$ d iwven ! a nerreé afus i ya$ d inulen ! Abrid n yise$ ! Abrid n tissas d kenwi !". Rni$ smekta$ asen d tadyant n Aulus akken ad éren ma neb$a, neddukel, nekwni nezmer. Rni$ asen : "- Tadyant n Aulus ivelli kan i tevra. N$il ass-en nu$ abrid n yise$, nerra Aulus akw d laâskeô is d imudduren, neooa ten u$alen $ef ivarren nsen, $er ixxamen nsen. Nekwni neb$a talwit i tmeddit, taggara Öuman yerna d laâskeô, yerna d uzzal akken ad yeg tôad mgal nne$. Ivelli d Albinus akw d gma-s Aulus, ass-a d Metellus. Udem nsen yiwen, d udem n t$ennant akken ad rren tamurt ddaw uzaglu nsen. ihi, nekwni a sen nini ala ! Tamurt nne$, akal nne$, nekwni d Imazi$en ur nqebbel azaglu. Ass-a yal yiwen segwen ad iger afus ad ijeqqem azaglu n Öuman. Ass-a tamurt d kenwi i tegguni !". Mi d iwev Metellus s laâskeô is, yufa ya$ d nhegga yas ticeôket. Mi d wven $er wennar nni, éran a$ d, d$a zzin, sdukklen iman-nsen i wmen$i. Rutilus, s wmur n laâskeô nni, yu$ abrid tama n wasif, Metellus iteddu $er zdat s wmur nniven, Marius igwra $er deffir. Ur nezzi, ur nezzu$er. Nek si tama, Bumelxir si tama nniven, ne$li fellasen. Tussna imen$i n Öuman tga am tiddas. Am akken tt lemde$ di Numance i tella. At tmurt nne$ da$en nek ssne$ ten. Armi tt cerwe$ meôôi$et i sen slemde$ tussna imen$i n ¨Öuman. Nnig laâskeô nni yellan yidi, wiyav d ifellaêen. Ur tella tiddi, ur tella tmussni. Mi tekker, nitni ad hebbjen am tassna n waôéen. Yal yiwen

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akken i yas d tusa tmu$li, akken i yas d tban tyita ad as iddu. Laâskeô nne$, yugar i llan d ifellaêen i llan d iaâskôiwen. Deg imen$i nni, yella wayen i ya$ iferqen nekwni akw d Iôumyen. nekwni nessen amkan, nitni ur t ssinen. Nitni ééayi-it, nekwni fesssus-it, nekwi nesgunfa, nitni aâyan si tikli mi d wven $er tza$art nni. Ayen i ya$ iferqen, rri$ t d afuv akken a nesserwet Metellus akw d laâskeô is. Rni$ asen taggara i wid nne$, qbel ad tekker : "anida twalam yessefk, serset tiyita". Akken i tevra. Mi nemme$ fell-asen, yekker degsen herrwel. ² Metellus iêrec, issen. Di tlemmast n tyita, Iéra d iv i d iteddun, isdukkl ed kra n wid is, yu$ abrid n ti$ilt nni yellan zdat-es. Wid nne$ yellan dinna, ur as d gezmen abrid, nesren akka d wakka. Acemma kan armi neéra amur ameqran n ¨Öuman u$en ti$ilt nni. Iv ye$li d, nefra imen$i ur tekka tama di tayev. Metellus inser, neooa-t ad yu$al $er wansa i d yekka. Tidett, ur ri$ ad snegre$ laâskeô n Metellus. Lemmer d ayen i ri$, yili dinna ad as nezzi. Ad azne$ i yal tamurt ad d tefk irgazen. Ur d iteffe$ si tewrirt nni alamma yemmurt ne$ yurez s icuddan nne$. Neooa t ad inser akken ad as neg abrid i tifrat $er zdat. Ilmend deg ad yerr avar, ad d yelli tiwwura n talwit, Metellus yu$ abrid n nger. Anida yedda, anta tamurt ikcem ad d yeoo nnger $er deffir ; times i yigran, ahuddu n i$erman, tamettant i wid d yufa deg webrid is. Ansa yekka ad yeoo ixerban, idim akw d imeîîawen. Ilmend a t id nqabel akken ad as negzem abrid, nekwni neooa iteddu. Simmal iteddu, simmal iteééu ta$ennant, issakway-ed ttaô,

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imdanen éerren s wallen nsen udem n Öuman. D udem n twa$it, n times, n nger. Yal tamurt nekcem deffir Metellus ad d begsen wid illan ddren. anida nufa yeooa Metellus laâskeô aten nessenger. Akken i yas nedda acêal. Nufa d Metellus i ya$ d isenkaren imdanen, i ya$d irennun i$allen. Nek, $as nerra zun d urar n wemcic d u$erda, tiî rri$ tt $er Öuma. Unza$ acêal d amdan akken ad éren imeddukal iw dinna, am wid n Senat, am wid d iff$en si Senat. Ri$ ad d naf tifrat, yal yiwen ad izri di tewwurt. £as amennu$ mgal Metellus iteddu, abrid n tifrat nek $uri ur irgil, asalu illan izmer ad iôez, asirem ur ikkes. Tilufa n Metellus, $as maççi s lfeôê i tent néer, nerra tent zun d uéu i t$ennant mgal Öuman. Yal yiwen a yeéren a$eééu nni n Öuman, ad yeg talast garas d Öuman. D asif idammen i ye$z Metellus akw d Marius ger Imazi$en akw d Öuman. Di tikli nni, Metellus inwa iteddu anida i yas ihwa. Di tidett, iteddu anida i ya$ ihwa newkni. Tamurt ne$ ti$remt ur nra a tt ikcem, nteg as d afrag isennanen. Acêal n tyita i d içça deg webrid is. Netta i$il iîîef tamurt, nekwni neéra nesseksay it akken ad irnu ad d yefk udem n tidett n Öuman. Akken da$ at tmurt nne$ ad éren azal n tmeddurt tilellit, akken ad gen talast ger tudert n talwit, tudert tamazi$t, akw d tuqqna ddaw uzaglu n Öuman. Metellus, gi$-as afrag akken ur ikeççem Sirta akw d ti$remtin nniven. Ma deg wza$ar, neooa t iserwet. Di tidett, tikli ines tefka d i at tmurt nne$ udem n Öuman. Win ur t nessin zik, ass-a issen it.

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Tudert n talwit tikwal tesufffu$ ed ayen n dir seg wayen ilhan. Assmi illa jedd-i Masnsen d agellid, ne$ deffir-es di tgelda n Makawsen, ulac ti$mert n tmurt deg ur d illa imen$i ger ti$remtin, ger tuddar ne$ ger txerrubin. Tikwal d imen$i $ef wayen deg ur illa wazal ; $ef tlisa n tkessawt, $er terga n waman i tissit n tebêirin, ne$ tikwal $ef snat turdas n wakal. yal tikkelt ar d tawev $er tummeét, $er ucangal, timseggft ne$ aneccab. Mi $lint tmegrav, syen ad u$alen i tuzzma, i "tenniv-i d, nni$-as". Di tallit nni, ur éran acengu n beôôa. Imir, acengu nsen d atmaten nsen, d loar nsen, ne$ d win icerwen tidi yidsen. Tilisa n tmurt, ur tent éeôôen, ur llant deg walla$ nsen. Tilisa n tmurt baâdent fell-asen akken ibaâd igenni $ef tmurt. Tikli n Metellus, nek $uri, tusa d akken ad tekkes tidder$elt agi n at tmurt nne$. Ansa izra Metellus ad yeoo imeîîawen, ad yeoo da$ ta$ennant n at tmurt i yisem n Öuman. £as ulac ticrav nebla idammen, tallit nni ur nra ad ti$zif. Yal tikkelt neéra anida yella netta s laâskeô is. Anida yella nekwni ad as nheggi tarbaât ad ten inebcen si deffir mi kecmen ti$remt. D anbac kan, syen ¨laâskeô n Öuman ad d u$alen $er deffir ad gen afrag i yiman-nsen ; ti$remt nni a tt ooen, ad nesren deg webrid nsen. Amur ameqran n laâsker is i d neîîef deg ime$i, neooa ten d imudduren. Mi sen nenna awalen iseggmen, amur segsen u$alen d laâske$ nne$, ddan yidne$. Urar nni n wemcic d u$erda gar-ane$ idda acêal n waguren. Lemmer irna aseggwas yili ad negren laâskeô n Metellus, ad d igwri

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iman-is, ad yu$al $er Öuma. Si tazwara, di yal imen$i anida yella, awal iw nek yiwen kan : anéad n Metellus ur ilaq ad t innal yiwen. Metellus yusa d d ameddur ad yu$al d ameddur $er Öuma. Ur sen nettefk sebba nniven. Yiwen wass nesla, Metellus yu$ abrid n ti$remt Zama24. Iwev a$ d wawal akken kan bdan tikli. Nekwni negzem, nekka ansa nniven, nezwar iten $er Zama. Metellus neooa iserwet anida neb$a, ma d Zama ur tt keççmen ivaôôen is. akken teb$a teffe$.

Amezruy n

Zama d ameqran. Nek, cube$ Zama am mummu n tiî-iw seg wassmi lli$ d ameéyan. Zama d ti$remt deg innu$ jedd-i masnsen mgal laâskeô n Carthage. Dinna i yeréa afud n Hannibal d laâskeô is. Zama d iéuran nne$, d akal ur isendaf Metellus ass-a. Di tallit nni, Masnsen akw d Scipion sdukklen i$allen nsen akken ad dehmen Hannibal akw d Sifaks ass-mi d kecmen Tamaz$a. Dehmen ten, srewten ten, srewlen ten, taggara rran d akw akal n Tmaz$a i wgellid Masnsen. D Masnsen s timmad is, izwar zdat laâskeô is, ikcem annar imen$i. Tadyant nni n Zama25 teqqim-ed ar 24

Zama = Zama (ti$remt anida innu$ Masnsen mgal Hannibal ; ti$remt illan di Tunes. 25

Tôad n Zama yura fella-s Tite Live, amaru n Öuman " L'historien latin TiteLive fait un récit très imagé de cette bataille : « Un combat singulier s'engage entre Massinissa et Hannibal. Hannibal pare un javelot avec son bouclier et abat le cheval de son adversaire. Massinissa se relève et, à pied, s'élance vers Hannibal, à travers une grêle de traits, qu'il reçoit sur son bouclier en peau d'éléphant. Il arrache un des javelots et vise Hannibal qu'il manque encore. Pendant qu'il en arrache un autre, il est blessé au bras et se retire un peu à

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ass-a : "Di tlemmast imen$i, Hannibal akw d Masnsen myeéren, myaâqalen tiî $er tiî. Hannibal ineggeé d tidist inser i waxtuc nni yerran $ures. Syen iwt-ed s tezmert is. Axtuc is inta deg wagmer n Masnsen, i$li immut. Masnsen ineggez $er tmurt, yedda s tazzla $er wemkan deg yella Hannibal. Netta ittazzal, ixtucen nettun deg wefrag is (bouclier) igan s weglim n lfil. Mi d ikkes yiwen wextuc a sen t yerr $er zdat, ad i$li yiwen segsen. Deg wedwi nni, yiwet tyita tenta deg yi$il is. Idim ittazzal ; Masnsen isedreg iman-is, yunef akin, cudden as i$il is, syen yedda $er zdat $ef wegmer nniven. Iùmen$i iêma ugar mi d éran Imazi$en agellid nsen yedda tt am yizem $er zdat. Hannibal iteddu ikkat, itsu$u $ef laâskeô is, tikwal ad yerr akin, tikwal ad yerr akka, axtuc idda, ajenwi idda, acangal idda. £as akken ikka tt di cedda, Hannibal iéra simmal irgazen is nessren, wa d amejruê, wa isedreg ixf is. Irna iwet ayen wumi izmer, taggara, isdukkel tarbaât, izvem akin, yeffe$ seg wennar imen$i. Masnsen iéra t ula d netta. Isdukkel tarbaât is, idda di lateô is akken a t id iîîef

l'écart... Sa blessure bandée, il revient dans la mêlée, sur un autre cheval. La lutte reprend avec un nouvel acharnement, car les soldats sont excités par la présence de leurs chefs. Hannibal voit ses soldats fléchir peu à peu, certains s'éloignent du champ de bataille pour panser leurs blessures, d'autres se retirent définitivement. Il se porte partout, encourage ses hommes, abat par-ci, par-là ses adversaires, mais ses efforts demeurent vains. Désespéré, il ne pense qu'à sauver les restes de son armée. Il s'élance en avant, entouré de quelques cavaliers, se fraie un chemin et quitte le champ de bataille. Massinissa qui l'aperçoit se lance avec son groupe derrière lui. Il le presse, malgré la douleur que lui cause sa blessure, car il brûle de le ramener prisonnier. Hannibal s'échappe à la faveur de la nuit dont les ténèbres commencent à couvrir la nature. » (2eme guerre punique (-218, -202)).

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ne$ a t ine$. Win ittazzal, win ittazzal deffir-es. Hannibal inser di tillas n yiv i d i$lin". D tadyant nni n Zama i yenfan Hanibal si tmurt is. Iffe$ si Carthage, in$a iman-is di tmurt n Surya. Di tikli nne$ $er Zama, negla yidne$ amur ameqran n laâskeô nni n Öuman i d neîîef d imeêbas. Neéra ad gen nnig wayen wumi zemren akken ur d $ellin ger ifassen n Öuman. Dinna di Zama, nseggem ti$remt, nesuli ifergan d ineccaben, n$ez tisrafin, nerna ayen ilaqen i tôad. Imezda$ n dinna begsen, heggan iman-nsen. Mi éri$ afrag i Metellus d Marius yuli, ff$e$ d si ti$remt akken a sen d ggani$ si lbaâd. Tiî iw nek, ri$ a neg taêilett akken laâskeô n Öuman a ten nesselqev beôôa n ti$remt, akken ur keççmen Zama. Ri$ imen$i ad d yili beôôa n Zama. Mi d neffe$ si Zama nekka abrid ad d a$en Metellus akw d laâskeô is. Deg webrid nni mi nteddu, nemuger widen nne$, nnan a$ d éran Öuman iteddu d. Nnan a$ d tarbaât tameqrant teteddu deg webrid is, ma d Marius s terbaât is yunef $er ti$remt n Sikka ad d iglu irden i laâskeô nsen. Dinna sin iberdan i yellan. Ilaq a$ a tt nefru : anegzem abrid i terbaât tameqrant n Metellus d iteddun $er Zama, ne$ a nevfeô Marius iteddun $er Sikka. Zama ttekle$ fell-as, éri$ tezmer ad teîîef adham amezwaru n Metellus. Zzi$, nni$ asen i laâskeô iw, d abrid $er Sikka. Deg yiv i newev $er dinna. Nufa Öuman izwar a$, u$en aùmkan, heggan isuka n yirden ad d win. Mi yuli wass, mi kan d ff$en si ti$remt, ne$li fell-asen. nekwni nedda fella-sen si zdat, at Sikka

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hemlen d fella-sen si deffir. Nerra ten am i$erdayen gar-ane$. Ala win i snesren ivaôôen is id iff$en d ameddur. Marius netta iêrec, mi tekker kan irwel akin i wennar imen$i, isenser aqerru-s. Mi tefra tin n Sikka, nezzi d $er webrid n Zama. Neéra Öuman zwaren $er zdat, am Metellus am Marius abrid nsen iban anida teddun. Nekwni neteddu, nferru tent amek a sen neg. Mi nemcawaô gara-ne$, nseggem laâskeô, nenna yasen ayen negguni segsen. Nedda yiwet yiwet. Mi newwev zdat Zama, neéra imen$i yekker. Öuman zzin i ti$remt kkaten, wid nne$ begsen, win d qesden a t id êerqen. Yal tiyita tedda, iéra imeqranen, aneccab, axtuc, zzit d waman yer$an. Si yal tama ala tiwa$yin. Afrag n Zama ur irtim. Am tyita n Sikka, am tedyant n wass-a zdat Zama. Öuman tna$en $er zdat armi éran laâskeô nne$ yekka yasen d si deffir. Ikker degsen uferfud. Ur éran anida a rren, ur éran anida a rewlen. Nerra ten d ilemmasen, nesserwet ayen wumi nezmer, syen simmal nekkat, simmal njebbed iman-nne$ akken ad nessebaâd $ef Zama, nitni ddan di lateô nne$. Nudi tt, teîîef ! Öuman ttun $er Zama i d abrid nsen. Iv ye$li d, yal yiwen yu$ amkan is. Ur tekka tama di tayev. Metellus iîîef yiwet tza$art, isemlal dinna laâskeô is, nekwni nu$ ti$ilt akin, at Zama theggin i wass amcum. Qbel ad yali wass i hegga$ laâskeô nne$. S leêder, nbeddel amkan, nezzi yas d i laâskeô n Metellus akken a ne$li fella-sen si anida ur bnan. Akken i teffe$. Mi yuli wass, nitni heggan iman-nsen, nekwni

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nekmen, nesusem, ur éran anida i nella. Mi bdan tikli qublen afrag n Zama, nekwni ne$li d fella-sen. Am ivelli nni, am ass nni. Nezwer igemren s tazzla, di tlemmast n laâskeô nsen. Yugar i ôekven igemren i newwet s i$allen nne$. Si tsebêit armi d tameddit nekwni d imen$i. Yal tama tekkat ayen wumi tezmer. I$li d yiv, yal yiwen yu$ amkan deg a yesgunfu. £as nezmer newkni a nekcem ti$remt n Zama, nek ur ri$ a nekcem. Ufi$ d tôad nni ibeddel udem. Win i d yusan ad as izzi i ti$remt, yufa d iman is nezzi yas nekwni. Tiyita nni n Sikka tefka yi d tasarut n imen$i. tadyant n Zama tefra tt id ugar. Ass wis sin, akken kan yuli wass, Metellus isdukkl-ed ayen d igwran di laâskeô is, yu$ abrid is akin. Zama ur tt kecmen ivaôôen n Metellus. Tagrest tewv-ed, Iôumyen sdukklen iman-nsen di tmurt n Carthage ne$ di kra i$erman i îîfen di Tmaz$a. Nekwni di Sirta, ncudd itt akken ad d naf abrid n tifrat akw d Öuman. Kks-ed ansa i nekka, reglen d iberdan. Senat n Öuma igguma ad a$ d ifk udem. Widen illan degs seêman abendir akken ad idum webrid n tôad. Wid iran talwit, awal nsen ur sen sellen. Mi uzne$ irgazen i tifrat, a ten id rren qbel ad kecmen Öuma. Teqqim tcudd. Metellus akw d ifesyanen is, $as imen$i ur illa, stufan d i têila. Iwev i d wawal n tikli-s. Ayen ur d iwwi s yi$il is d laâskeô is, ikkat a t id yawi

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s tiêeôci. Izzi akw i wid illan yidi, icban Bumilkeô ne$ wiyav akken ad d yaf i$isi gar-ane$, ad yaf afus ar a$ izenzen. Tikli s éri$ tt. Si Öuma reglent ed tewwura, nu$al nerra tiî nne$ $er Metellus. Nni$ asen i wid nne$, ma nesseôdeb Metellus, tamezwarut a nessen$es uguren n tôad i tefsut d iteddun, tis snat netta ad isiwev isalan ilhan i Öuma. Ma nerra t id $er webrid n tifrat, illa usirem ad a$en awal is di Öuma. Yella deg wawal, "dir win ittaysen". Akken i nefra. Metellus ad as nazen tarbaât n tifrat. D Bumilkeô i d am$ar n terbaât. Nefra ad as inin awalen agi i Metellus :"Nekwni nra tifrat akw d Öuman. Abrid n tôad ur ilha i nekwni, ur ilha i tmurt n Öuman. Nekwni yidwen nemyussan. Acêal iseggwasen aya neddukel, nennu$ deg yiwet tama, nennu$ di Sbanya, nekkes ugur n Carthage. Ass-a ilaq a$ ur ntettu ayen izran. Abrid n Scipion akw d Masnsen, ilaq ad yili d abrid nne$ ass-a. Tadyant i kwen id iskecmen $er tmurt nne$, lmut n Aderbal akw d Hiemsal, d ugur illan gar-ane$ nekwni. Ur newwiv Öuma, ur nra a nekkes leqder $ef Öuma. Ayen nra nekwni d tifrat d webrid n talwit. Nek, Yugurten n At Yiles, qeble$ ad rzu$ $er Utique di tmurt n Carthage ne$ $er tmurt n Öuma akken ad qable$ im$aren n Senat nwen. Ur ugade$, ur illa kra i wen sanfe$." Ass-mi d tu$al terbaât si tmurt n Carthage, win d awal ilhan : Metellus isuter ad qable$ dinna di ti$remt n Tisidum. Akken fri$ ayen ilaqen di Sirta, fri$ d ôôay iw ad awve$ Utique. Anziz usirem ma yella ilaq a$ a t id neîîef. Awal nenna a neîîef degs.

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Sdukkle$ tarbaât, u$e$ abrid n Utique. Llan yidi wid iddan tikkelt tamezwarut akw d Bumilkeô, rni$ kra n wiyav. Abrid $ezzif, nteddu nferru tent, nreffed nesrus i tedyant deg nella. Tuccar n Metellus, $as sli$ yissent, seméi$ tent. £as ssne$ t, nni$ as wissen ib$a ad ya$ abrid n yise$, ad isen$es uguren i tmurt is. Netta illi d tawwurt, nek ilaq iyi a t vefre$. Abrid u$e$ nek s timmad-iw, ri$ ad as sfehme$ tadyant. A nemlil akken ad as sfehme$ ayen d isuter dgi d ayen ur nqebbel. Isuter d ad as nefk ayen akw illan d lfil, urawen n ure$, akw d imeêbas Iôumyen i d neîîef deg imen$iyen. Asuter agi n Metellus ur illa d abrid isuffu$en $er tifrat. Argaz ad d isutren anect-a ur illa d argaz n wawal. Timlilit n Tisidum tugi tt neyya-w. Di tazwara d Utique, tezzi tu$al di Tisidum. Sbedde$ agmer, nni$ as i terbaât : -

abrid irgel, a nu$al $er Sirta !

Mi d nezzi, nni$ asen ayen wala$ d abrid. Imir éri$ ur tezmer ad tili tifrat gar-ane$, nek akw d Metellus. Nerna kra waguren i deg ur d illa imen$i, ur tella tifrat. Anida llan Öuman keblen, nekwni nettheggi iman-nne$. Yiwen wass usan d isalan si Öuma : Senat yefka tamurt n Numidya i Metellus ! Awal nni isduqqes iyi. Ma yella kra kukra$ deg webrid u$e$ zik, assen yekkes ukukru. Senat n Öuman di ¨Öuma yefka tamurt n baba d jeddi i Metellus, argaz i d izegren ivelli kan si Öuma ! Ayen wumi xemme$ tazwara, maççi i yat tmurt-iw iddren am nek. Wid wu$ur xemme$ d wid immuten, d i$san n ibabaten nne$, n tiyemmatin nne$, iéuran nne$. Wigi ur zmiren ad d $ren, ur zmiren

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ad d kkren akken ad rren tiyita, ad kksen aqeééul n Öuman. Nitni mmuten, nekwni a ten nesdari, a nerr talaba i yi$san nsen, i wakal nni deg neîlen. Metellus tettunefk as d tmurt si Öuma, zun tamurt ur tesaâ imawlan, ne$ tlul ed deg waman n yilel, ger Carthage akw d Öuma. Isalan nni fran d tadyant n temlilit ihegga Metellus di Tisidum. Nek $uri ur tella d timlilit n tifrat. £ur Metellus, timlilit nni, d ticeôkett, d tasraft deg a yessedrem widen yumnen awal is. Iberdan n tifrat reglen d, i ya$ d igwran ala abrid n yise$. Nekker fella$, nezzi i tmurt, nga aberraê akken ad d nesbedd irgazen a yekksen lêif n Öuman. Yal tamurt seg nekka nufa nnig wayen i nesarem. Yal tamurt seg yezra Metellus, anida i yesser$ igran d tize$wa, nufa atmaten nne$ kkren d akken llan. Avu n twizi isuv ed i tôuzi uzaglu n Öuman, yu$ yal tamurt. Mi d nesemlal irgazen nne$, nu$ iberdan seg ikka Metellus. Yal tamurt seg izra nerra d asirem segsen. Anida llan Öuman nesenger iten, anida ur llan nerna d irgazen. Akken armi nesmed ajemmal. Deg wedwi nni, llan i$erman i ya$ izwaren i tnekra, i tyita n Öuman. Tadyant n ti$remt n Begga tezwar itent. Tadyant nni teôza d asalu i tnekra mgal Öuman. Deg wass amenzu n tefsut, ti$remt teççur d laâskeô n Öuman. I imensi n tefsut, yal Amazi$ n Begga isekcem d inebgi n Öuman, yiwen ne$ sin segsen. Taggara gan asen timecreî, teçça ten tefrut, ur d igwri yiwen segsen. Wid segsen illan di beôôa, ur iila anida a rewlen. Tiwwura n ti$remt reglent, ixammen deg zed$en gan as d

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afrag Imazi$en. Zzin asen imezda$, wa s uneccab wa s ujenwi, armi ten snegren. I d igwran segsen d ameddur ala afesyan nsen, T. Turpilius. Ooan t at Begga d ameddur, yu$al $er Utique. Dinna di Utique, Iôumyen êekmen as s lmut, n$an t. Si tedyant nni n Begga i ya$ ikkes unezgum. Nek, kkse$ ccek deg iman-iw : aéar n tnekra yella deg idammen nne$ ; illa ugellid ne$ ur illa, yal amdan n tmurt nne$ izde$ degs uéar nni n yise$ seg ur iqebbel tabarda n imnekcem. At Begga kkren, begsen, cuddden tt gar-asen, taggara ksen isem n Öuman di ti$remt nsen. Ass-a éran, ayen yeb$u yili $er zdat, nitni huccen, sengugin adabu n Öuman s i$allen n tdukli nsen. £as ur sen tdum tallit nni. Tadyant n Begga akken i tt neéra nekwni d ise$ i yewwev wawal n twa$it is $er Öuman, Metellus akw d Marius. Mi yesawev Turpilius $er Utique, ala netta i d ameddur, tu$al asen am wid idrewcen. Ur fhimen amek imezda$ n Begga réan lqanun n Öuman, n$an laâskeô n Öuman ! Tu$al asen d tuêsift, d ta$ennant. Qbel ad slen, ad ikcem uferfud di laâskeô n Öuman, qbel ad beddlen tikli nsen, teddun ad éeôôen lexyal n watmaten nsen immuten di Begga, Metellus icudd arkasen is. Ur d zzin sin ne$ tlata wussan mi d isuli ajemmal n laâskeô, abrid is $er Begga akken ad yerr ttaô. Ise$ degne$ i yella, laâô degne$ i yella. Yal tamurt akka. Yal tamurt i tekcem tmurt nniven, amur ameqran s ufus n at tmurt nni. Anida ur illa wfus, ur illa imnekcem. Akka tadyant n Begga.

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Mi teddun laâskeô n Metellus $er ti$remt n Begga, qbel ad awven tiwwura n ti$remt, isbedd iten Metellus deg webrid. Izwer imnayen Imazi$en illan yides. Iga ten Metellus d afrag $er zdat. Mi wven timizar n Begga, akken ten id éran imezda$ is, ur gan anezgum, nwan d imnayen nne$. Udem nsen d Imazi$en, iles nsen d tamazi$t. Si tmu$li nni, iaâssasen n ti$remt d akw d ifellaêen illan deg tebêirin nsen qimen di tfellaêt nsen, tiwwura n ti$remt ooan tent llint. Akken kecmen imnayen nni n Metellus $er Begga, taggara zzin d $er deffir, srewten wid illan zdat nsen, n$an wid i ten id iqublen, urzen tiwwura n ti$remt, syen iwv-ed Metellus s laâskeô is Iôumyen, ikcem Begga. Ikker usu$u di ti$remt, Öuman ikcem tasga. N$an wid n$an, ser$en tize$wa n ti$remt, hudden ayen hudden. Cudden imeêbas fernen, win ten d aklan nsen. ²Si tyita nni n Begga, nek kkse$ layas n tifrat si tama n Öuman. Ayen i wumi zemren xedmen t. Tikli n Metellus akw d Marius tban am azal. I d igwran yidsen d ajenwi ! èri$ amennu$ mgal Öuman ad yi$zif. Ilmend n wedham kan n laâskeô n Öuman deg imen$iyen imeqranen, alamma tama tekka di tayev, nek ddi$ abrid nniven. Ilaq a$ a nessi$zef imen$i, a ten nesefcel yiwet yiwet alamma iùmeqraren n Öuma ttun tadyant n Tmaz$a. A nesi$zef imen$i, a newwet akken ur d rennun laâskeô si Öuma, syen ad d yas wass ad ibeddel wudem n Senat di Öuma. Nessarem ad d nemlil $er zdat im$aren wid wukud a nemsefham, wid wukud ad d nefsi tundar.

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Sin iderma nni n Senat, popular akw d nobilis, d amjaddel yal ass anwa a ya$en adabu n Senat. Yal tama tekkat s wayes tezmer, s tidett ne$ tfukal, akken ad d teîîef tasawent. Deg was $er wayev, tezmer ad tbeddel udem. Wid d ifkan Metellus $er Tmaz$a, zemren ad iôeé wawal nsen ; ad d asen deffir nsen wid ar as d i$ren i Metellus ad yu$al akin netta d laâskeô is. £as abrid imen$i injeô, abrid n tifrat ur t nettu. I Metellus fki$ as wid ad t isedhun, i Öuma uzne$ i wid illan dinna ad siwven awal iw i wid iseddun Senat akw d wid sarme$ ad kecmen tazeqqa n Curia $er Senat si sya $er zdat. Zzi$ i tmurt akken tella. Yal aza$ar, yal adrar kki$ as d akken a nesem$er tanekra. yal tamurt nekcem, amager yiwen is : tawa$it n Öuman tewev iten ne$ slan yes, irgazen heggan i twizi. Wid i d yu$alen seg imen$iyen êkan asen tidyanin deg llan. Mi d tusa tegrest, amur ameqran n laâskeô n Metellus u$alen $er tmurt n Carthage, wid iqqimen deg wkal n Tmaz$a sdurin iman-nsen deffir ifergan n tregwa i $zen deg wakal, tisulal n wes$ar d wuzzal. Qqimen, gunin ussan n tefsut. Nekwni ncudd itt, nuzzel akwessar d usawen i tnekra. Tallit nni, seg wakken rri$ tamu$li-w i imen$i n Öuman, anida rezfe$ ufi$ at tmurt iw, meééi ne$ meqqer, begsen i twizi tameqrant, nwi$ nezmer i wedrar a t nerr d luva. Udem nni n tdukli isferê iyi. U$ale$ ttu$ tilufa nni yakw illan ger at tmurt. Ttu$ imen$iyen nni di yal tamurt $ef tlisa, $ef ifergan, $ef igran n tkessawt deg izu$ar ne$ deg idurar.

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Yal tallit usegwass s tlufa s. Tikwal a tekker ger sin, taggara a tu$al d tôad ger snat ti$remtin, ne$ sin laâôac. Mi tekker, azzel keç ad tt tefruv. Tikwal alamma kecmen imnayen annar i tferru. S tmu$li nni n tdukli gar-ane$ deg lli$, tadukli nni am ivudan ufus, i d i$li felli wesyax n Bumelxir. Bumelxir illa am gma ne$ ugar. Anida ur lli$, d netta i d awal iw, d netta i d tiîî iw. Neddukel, nemyussan si zik n zik. Nedda lwaêid, di teméi, deg imen$i, di talwit. D netta d$a i $ef tekle$, fki$ t ad iselqem awal akw d Metellus. Bumelxir issen Öuman, issen amek teteddu tmurt nsen. Ilmend a yesedhu Metellus, a t isgen s wawal akken a nezzu$er imen$i ar d yas wass n tifrat, Bumelxir yu$ abrid nniven. Di tazwara ur umine$. Bumelxir illan am gma, ur nwi$ ad d yas segs u$urru. Acêal n tikkal mar a neqqim, netta ad d yu$al $er wawal nni ines : "ilaq a$ a nefru nekwni d Öuman ; ur nezmir i imen$i mgal adrar n Öuma ... u$al $er Öuma, suter smaê n Senat, a sen nefk ayen yellan d lfil, d agmer ne$ d agerru$ n wure$ ; awi d kan ad a$ ooen ...". Yal tikkelt a ten d isni wawalen agi, nek ad as ini$ i Bumelxir : "Öuman ur ssinen talast nnig talast n yi$il nsen. Wid illan zik, wid ifran d Masnsen, wid iqudren awal nsen nitni d Makawsen, ass-a negren. Wid d igwran di Öuma, d wid i $illen timura akw nsen. Anida tewwev tiîî nsen ad $illen d ayla nsen nitni. Nek ssne$ ten, éri$ amek éerren timura ass-mi lli$ yidsen deg imen$i n Numance di Sbanya.

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Tawat tesuffu$ $er yir iberdan. Akken i yasen tevra i Iôumyen. £illen ddunit tebna $ef yi$il ne$ $ef yixef ujenwi, maççi $ef tmussni akw d leqder n tlisa. Akka i llan nitni." Akken i yas kki$ i Bumelxir, netta ad d izzi $er wawal nni n kennu. Iqqim as zun d tanicca deg walla$ is. Acengu illan $er zdat, ayen d yusan seg-s tebniv fell-as. Tiêila, tiêerci, yal tifxet tezmer ad d tili, yal tiyita tezmer ad d ternu. Acengu n zdat, zwir it $er tyita qbel a k izwir, zwir it $er tsawent qbel a k izwir. Ma d acengu ad d iff$en deffir-ek, acengu ad d ilalen ger watmaten ik, winna ur tella degs tewwurt. Tiyita n deffir ur tebniv fell-as, tqeôôeê, tesefcal ugar. Akka tiyita n Bumelxir, tekka yi d si deffir ur bni$ fell-as. Ger webrid n yise$ deg a nekkes azaglu $ef Tmaz$a, netta ifren abrid n kennu zdat Öuman, syen yu$ abrid n tixubbta. Ilmend a yesgen Metellus, taggara yu$al iyi d afus n Metellus i tyita n watmaten is. Cudden tt, xerzen tt. Metellus, Bumelxir akw d wid nniven, gan tifxet akken ad a$ arzen, ad a$ cudden d imedduren. S ufus n Bumelxir, Metellus igguni ad a$ awin $ures ncudd avar afus. Taggara, tirga nni ur as teffi$ i Metellus. Yiwen wass, iwev i yi d wawal s tesraft nni i gan qbel a ne$li deg-s. Tabratt nni d yusan ger ifassen n Nabdales

syen tewv ed ger

ifassen iw tefra tent id. Ur illa din ccek. Tadyant teqqen, tefra, nek ur uki$.

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Ass-mi d nurez Bumelxir, nesuter as ad a$ d isefôez iberdan i t isawven $er taluft agi. Awal is igzem : "d keç, Yugurten, i d afrag i tifrat nekwni d Öuman. Ma tettwakksev keç, ad d tili tifrat gar-ane$. Nra tamurt nne$, nra talwit, ma d keç teggumav ad tefkev udem. Ansa i yak d nekka, ur d nufa tawwurt...". Awalen nni n Bumelxir, win akken wukud nuzzel, nennu$ Aôumi acêal n tikkal, ass-a yu$ abrid n kennu zdat imnekcem. Awalen nni n Bumelxir, mi sen selle$ nek, selle$ i tiêeôci n Metellus. Metellus iskecm ed tawekka gar-ane$ ur as uki$. Akken fehme$ tamsalt, bant ed têila i yas inna Metellus i Bumelxir akken a t isiwev $er talast agi ; "keç a Bumelxir, Senat n ¨Öuma ur izmir ad ak isuref seg-mi tegrev afus di lmut n Masiwen di tlemmast n Öuma. Azekka nezmer a nefru nekwni akw d Yugurten. Nezmer ad d naf tawwurt i tôad agi yellan gar-ane$. Tella yiwet, ma nefra, tifrat ad yilin ad teglu s uqerru-k keç. Senat ad isuter a k nawi tcuddev $er Öuma akken a k ncaôaâ dinna, Yugurten iqbel ad yefk afus deg-ek." Awal nni asekkak n Metellus, yekka yas deg wul i Bumelxir, yumen tikerkas n Metellus. Ikellex it yir akellex. Teçça yas i Metellus. Bumelxir yu$al am zun d asafu, ireq ittaé $er zdat. Mi nefra côaâ n Bumelxir, ur d igwra liser, ur d tewgra tiéeîî n tmeddurt. £as Bumelxir immut, lexyal is izde$ a$. Wid ifkan afus yides, wa yemmut, wa yerwel $er tmurt n Carthage, yedda d Öuman.

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Tawekka tkecm ed tasga. Ma yella Bumelxir ass-a ifka afus, yal yiwen seg wiyav izmer azekka ad yefk afus, d Nabdales ne$ d wayev. Refde$ serse$, ufi$ d adway kan i d ixef is. Nnan zik « ma teddiv d wasif ur izmir a k yawi wasif ». Tamurt i wve$, qbel ad serse$, ad seroe$ i tikli anida nniven. Amkan anida lli$ d wemkan anida teddu$ u$allen ttin, xerzen am tundar uxerraz. Anida qime$ i wuççi, tiêdert n we$rum aquran, ta$enjawt ne$ snat n seksu, nek kkre$. Awal n tisin n Yugurten akw d wawal n tu$alin n Yugurten, mlalen. Ur iéra yiwen mi d usi$ ne$ mi zri$, beddle$ tamurt. S tikli nni n yal ass, safese$ amur u$ilif d i$lin fell-i. Tiyita n Metellus, ilaq ad as tu$al. Anida yella Öuman fki$ asen wid a ten isduqsen. Akken da$ wid nne$ ad asen ikkes wefcal nni, ilaq asen ad rren udem nsen i imen$i mgal Uôumi. Yal tamurt tekker, tezzi yasen i laâsker n Öuman yellan dinna. Nek abrid iw fri$ t. Teddu$ uvan ussan akken ad afe$ anida illa Metellus. £as zik kkate$ akken ur t tekkat tyita, akken ur t ittawev uneccab, ad d iqqim d axûim, azekka a nemsefma yides, ass-a tallit tbeddel. Netta iwv ed aqerru-w, nek ad qesde$ aqerru-s. Teddu$, simmal seqrabe$ $er lateô is. Tu$al gar-ane$ am amcic d u$erda. Teddu$ ad t id îîfe$ am u$erda deg wmeôdax. Yal yiwen ikkat ad izwir wayev. Netta iéra, nek éri$.

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Di ti$remt Tala26, qrib i nemlal. Rzi$ $er din akken ad d kkse$ syen arraw iw. £as amkan ifreg, ufi$ iqreb tamurt n Carthage. Metellus izmer ad idwi $er din. Ur zran sin ne$ krad wussan si-mi d ff$e$ ti$remt mi yewwev Metellus s laâskeô is. Zzin as i Tala, sulin tisulal i yaâricen akken ad kken nig wefrag, nnig icerfan izzin i ti$remt. Gan ayen wumi zemren akken ad kecmen Tala. Metellus inwa din i lli$. Isdukkl ed ayen yellan d laâsker $er din, i$il ad ikfu din tôad n Tmaz$a s tuîîfa n Yugurten. Nnig wagur imen$i d wamek kecmen Iôumyen Tala. Ass-mi wve$ $er din, deffir tyita nni n Metellus, d nnger i yevran di ti$remt. Ri$ ad ére$ s wallen iw. Ur d igwra ugadir ibedden, ur d igwra useklu ibedden, ur d tegwra tmazirt zegzawen. Anida yewev ufus n Öuman, iooa d ixeôban, tabuxt d lmut $er deffir. Inigan d igwran d imedduren, d wid kan inetlen di tmizar n Tala. D tiselbi kan i yasen d igwran. Gwran d, ur mmuten, ur ddiren. Tadyant n Tala iffe$ wawal is di Tmaz$a. Imdanen éran ayen wumi yezmer Öuman, anda izmer ad isiwev. Acengu a yesi$en times i ti$remt akken s imezda$ is, ur illa usirem ad d yas liser seg-s. Imen$i yekker, ad tekk tama di tayev. Yal yiwen iéra iman-is. Tikwal llan isalan isefraêen, llan wid iseqraêen. Di ti$remt n Lebda (Leptis Magna), imdanen u$en abrid nniven. Ilmend deg ar a fergen ti$remt nsen, nitni u$en tama n Öuman. Sutren i Metellus ad a sen d irnu laâsker akken ad êarben fell-asen. 26

Di ti$remt Tala i d kkren, i llan zed$en warraw n Yugurten.

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At Lebda ur llan d Imazi$en deg iéuran nsen. Amur ameqran segsen usan d si tmurt n Tyr. £as iles nsen yu$al d Amazi$, nitni ooan laâwayed n tmurt seg d usan. Tôad n Tmaz$a, zun nitni ur ten id iwwiv. Ilmend deg ar a begsen $ef iman-nsen, nitni malen $er win ugaden. Sutren laânaya i Metellus d laâsker is. KKsen d iman-nsen seg wakal nni $ef teddun, rran iman-nsen ddaw laânaya n win d yusan s ibabuôen si tmurt illan akin, agemmav i yilel. Tamurt tekker, tiwizi mgal Öuman tbeddel udem is. Akken ad d nernu irgazen, zegre$ tiniri $er watmaten nne$ Imuca$, illan din. £as ur a$ qriben, tcerk a$ tmurt. Öuman ma yeîîef Tamaz$a ufella, tama deg anida nella nekwni, azekka ad yawev tamurt n wadda. Acengu ilaq ad as tgev talast akin, ansa kan i d ikcem. D awalen agi i yasen nni$ i yat tmurt n wadda. Taggara, rran d awal, nnig wayen sarme$. Aéar nni n tnekra akken illa $ur-ne$ i yella $ur-sen. Ass-mi d u$ale$ syen, d timrawin n imnayen i d iddan yidi. Tamurt n wadda kkse$ tt deg we$bel, tekker, syen qesde$ tamurt ugellid Buxus, Tamaz$a utaram. Ilaq a$ a nessem$er admer n imen$i mgal Öuman. Ilaq a$ a nesdukel i$allen nne$ akken a nessem$er tiyita. Di tazwara, Buxuc ur t tewwiv temsalt. Ur illa d aêbib, ur illa d acengu n Öuman. Maca, tella yiwet. Ma Öuman yu$ tamurt nne$, abrid is iban, tikli-s tban,

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azekka ad iwet ad isihrew. Azekka ad yawev tilisa n Buxuc. Maççi d asif n talast, asif n Melwen27, ar a t id irren $er deffir. D awalen agi i yas nni$ i Buxuc. £as nemyussan, nemcarak, yelli-s deg wexxam iw i tella, sawel$ as akken a yesiwel wemdan i gma-s. tesdukkel a$ tmurt, tesdukkel a$ tmeslayt, sdukklen a$ idammen. Acengu d yusan $er yiwen, yusa d $er wayev. Ur tella trewla, ur tella tdarit deffir wuffal, icban awal nni "axxam n baba yer$a, meqqar ad seêmu$". Times n Öuman ur tferreq ger tzeqqa ma tella akka ne$ akin i talast. Buxuc yu$ abrid n yise$, ibges ed i tnekra mgal Metellus. Mi nefra nek akw d Buxuc, nesemlal ed laâskeô nne$ deg wza$ar akken a sen nesefhem tamsalt i ifesyanen n Buxuc. Din i yasen nni$ ass-en : Yal tamurt tefka leqder i tlisa-s, yal tamurt tbedd i tudert di tmurt ur tettili ddaw uzaglu n win ad d yasen ansa nniven. Si zik n zik, tudert nne$ tebna $ef tlelli. Nekwni d Imazi$en ur nessin azaglu d tirni. Ass-a ur nezgir asif, ur nezgir ilel a nekcem tamurt n medden. Öuman d ikecmen tamurt nne$ izegr ed ilel yusa d a yerr tamurt nne$ ddaw uzaglu. Ur illa d ayen a neqbel. Anwa deg-wen ar iqeblen azaglu n ¨Öuman ? Imdanen, ti$remtin, timura, di ddiq i d tettban tdukli nsen. Ass-a, aqla$ neddukel acku tesdukel a$ temsalt, sduklen a$ iéuran, isdukel a$ uzekka. Izmer azekka ad yili d tafat ma neddukel, izmer ad yili d tillas ma ur neddukel. Timlilit n wass-a tefka ya$ d tafat ar a$ 27

Asif n Melwen (Muluca, Moulouya) : talast ger tamurt Numidya, tagelda ugellid Yugurten akw d Tamaz$a utaram (Maurétanie), tagelda n ugellid Buxuc (Bocchus).

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isiwven akin i yi$il, akin $er wussan anida imdanen ur kennun ddaw uzaglu. Tamurt tekker, d kenwi i d i$il is, d afud is, d azekka usirem ines." Nebda tikli, abrid nne$ $er Sirta. Si tedyant n Begga, n Tala akw d ti$remtin nniven, Metellus ikcem s laâsker ti$remtin nniven. Di taggara ur ri$ ad irnu ad iser$ yal ti$remt n Tmaz$a. Si tedyant nni n Begga akw d Tala, yal ti$remt seg a zri$ tini$ asen yiwen wawal : ma yusa d Öuman, eooet tiwwura n ti$remt llint. £as ikcem ass-a, azekka ad iffe$, ad yafeg am tagut unebdu. Yif ad ikcem ti$remt ibedden wala ad iser$ ayen nebna acêal iseggwassen aya. Akken i teffe$. Anida yewwev Metellus akw Marius, ad afen ti$remt llint tewwura s. Netta i$il malen $ursen imezda$, nekwni neooa beddent ti$remtin nne$. Tadukli n laâsker nne$ akw d wid n Buxuc, abrid is yiwen. Nefra $ef Metellus ad as nekkes aqerru. Ur illa webrid nniven. Anida yella a ne$li fell-as. Ma yeffe$ si Tmaz$a, a t nevfer alamma d Utique, di tmurt n Carthage, ula d tinna d tamurt nne$. Nefra, ad d nu$al s uqerru-s, anida yeb$a yeffer. Deg webrid n Sirta, nedda netheggi imen$i mgal laâsker n Öuman. Imen$i izmer ad yili zdat n Sirta, di Tiddis, ne$ deg wza$ar. D Metellus ad d ifken tasarut is. Sirta nefra a tt nekcem, ad d nerr

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ti$remt i imawlan is. Syen tamsalt n Metellus a tefru din ne$ anida nniven. Mi yesla Metellus s tdukli nne$, iga anezgum ameqran. Tiêeôci nni n Öuman s wayla-s. Metellus iwet ad a$ ibvu nek akw d Buxuc. Tifukal isedda i Bumelxir, iwet ad tent iseddu i Buxuc. Yuzen d wid ad d isiwven awal is i Buxuc. Yal tamacahutt i iwet yis akken ad a$ ibvu, ad d yeg ugur gar-ane$, inna yas i Buxuc : "nekwni yidek a nemsefam, ur illa tôad, ala lxir i yellan ; a naru laâqed anida wa ur ittawev wa ; tamurt ik ur tt nkeççem. Ur tafaô Yugurten, di yir abrid i yella ...". Buxuc, irra yas awalen ilaqen i Metellus. Inna yas, ma yella kra n laâqed, netta d Yugurten ar a t yaru, mi yeffe$ si tlisa n Tmaz$a, ma d Tamaz$a n Buxuc, Mauretania, tebaâd akin fell-as. Tadyant teqqim akken, ger imnayen d yuzen Metellus akw d wid d yuzen Buxuc i Metellus. Ur nekcim Sirta, ur nekkis Metellus. Tusa d tegrest, yal yiwen yu$al $er wemkan is, ar d kksen igefran imeqranen, ar d fsin isula ideflawen.

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Tallit n Marius Yiwen wass yusa ya$ d wawal ; ikka d si Senat n ¨Öuma : Marius ittwafren, yu$al d netta i d consul (jiniral) n Numidya deg wemkan n Metellus. Yu$ it lêal yu$al $er Öuma nnig leb$i n Metellus. S wawal nni nefhem s uzu$er nni izu$ur irennu Metellus. Si tazwara ines, zi$ d asedhu kan i ya$ isedhuy . Tamsalt teffe$ as afus. Nefhem tamu$li n Öuma : ur ibeddel tamu$li-s $ef tmurt nne$. Ilmend deg ad d llin tiwwura, ad d aznen $uri akken ad d naf tifrat, nitni fernen win ar iseêmun tôad ugar, win ar yernun tardast akin $ef Metellus. Marius ssne$ t di tôad n Numance, d aâsekriw deg idammen, d argaz n wawal, iêemmel tamurt is. Mi yella ddaw Metellus, ur as fsin i$allen, icudd it Metellus. Ass-a d netta wu$ur d tegwra. Fehme$, ad as nu$al i temsalt s wadda. Di tefsut d yusan i nesla izegr ed Marius $er Utique, irna d ibabuôen n laâskeô. Ass-mi d yusa Marius, Metellus tu$ it izger akin, yu$al $er tmurt is. Ur ira ad t id yaf Marius, ur ira ad imlil yides di Utique. Garaasen si tazwara d tismin d tuzzma. Mi d iwev Marius, ikker, yu$ abrid n tôad. Sibda iseggem laâsker is, isdukkel wid illan akw d wid i d irna, iff$ ed si Utique, izegr ed tilisa, ibda tikli di tmurt n Tmaz$a. Amennu$ mgal Metellus ifka ya$ d abrid a nevfeô di tallit tamaynut mgal Marius. Di tazwara negguni ad ifreq laâsker is. Neooa ten

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kecmen d tamaz$a, teddun iberdan nsen, beîîun $ef ti$remtin. Simmal ferqen, simmal tazmert nsen tferreq ugar. Yal ti$remt wven ad afen tiwwura llint. Ur illa imen$i, ur tella tmes, ur lluéen imezda$ nni. Nufa abrid nni ilha. Nek akw d Buxuc, negguni ass-is deg a nedwi fell-asen. Acêal n tikkelt i ne$li $ef laâsker n Öuman anida ur a$ ggunin. Snat tyitwin kan, mi ten nesduqqes, neqqed kra seg-sen, ad d neffe$ seg wennar. Nitni ad $illen nerwel, nugad iten, nekwni a neddu deg webrid nne$ a nesduqqes tarbaât nniven. Akken i yasen nedda acêal n waguren. D axbacen kan, imen$i ameqran ur d illa. Marius nessen it iêrec, nekwni nunef seg webrid is. Tiyita tameqrant tamezwarut n Marius tusa ya$ d si Gafsa. D tikkelt tamezwarut i yedda laâsker n Öuman deg webrid a$ezfan, igzem aza$ar nekwni ur nesla. Nu$ tanumi, di yal tikkelt ar a mbiwlen laâskeô nsen, nekwni ad a$ d yawev wawal. Di yal ti$remt, di yal ti$ilt, di yal taqiccuôt, nesbedd wid iggunin, wid iéerren iberdan u$en Iôumyen. Anida ddan, nekwni nesla. Tiyita n Gafsa tenser a$. Marius mi yeffe$ s laâsker is, yezzi deg webrid, yunef akka d wakka. Mi yewev asif n Tanïïis, ibeddel abrid. Ihegga tiyelwin n waman, syen iffe$ seg webrid ameqran. Iteddu deg yiv, iteffer deg wzal. Ur iéri yiwen anida i yella. Yiwet yiwet armi wven tawwurt n ti$remt n Gafsa.

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Mi yewev Gafsa, i$li $ef imezda$ n dinna ur bnan $ef iman-nsen. Marius yurar urar ni n Metellus ass-mi ikcem Begga. Mi qrib ad yawev, izwer imnayen Imazi$en, wid illan ddaw ufus n Gawda. Mi ten id éran at Gafsa nwan d at tmurt s tidett. Taggara, mi éran $er deffir laâskeô n Öuman, ikker herwel. Akken ad isekcem tawekka di tmurt nne$, ad yeg iceqqic ur nselle$, Marius iseêôec Gawda, gma nni, irra t d acengu n Tmaz$a. Marius ifka yas laâskeô, iteddu deg wmennu$ mgal at tmurt is. Iôeggem as Marius ad yu$al d agellid ma yemmut Yugurten. Tura deg wennar imen$i, tikwal d at tmurt iw i d ixûimen. Sya d syen d idim Amazi$ i yemmaren. At Gafsa nni, ilmend ad gen am akken i yasen nenna, ad llin tiwwura n ti$remt, nitni beddlen tikli. Mi d éran imnayen n Öuman, medlen tiwwura, bedden i tyita. Taggara, teffe$ akken teffe$. At Gafsa ur zmiren ad qablen ahdum n laâsker i yasen izzin. Tiremt kan Iôumyen hudden ifergan i yas izzin, kecmen ti$remt s ujenwi deg wfus. Wid meqren n$an ten din, wiyav win ten id d aklan. Ti$remt n talwit n tezdayin n tini, tu$al as d yir targit, ijdi amellal yu$al d azegga$ seg idammen. Tiyita nni n Gafsa tekkes as akukru i Marius. Tamurt issen itt, irgazen llan, i$il teswa yas d s wedfel.

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Acemma kan deffir tadyant n Gafsa, Marius igzem Tamaz$a seg yixef $er yixef, ikcem akal yellan tama n wasif n Melwen, talast ger Nekwni akw d tmurt n Buxuc. Dinna iqsed ad ikcem Tawrirt. Tawrirt tebna $ef weéru ameqran, di tlemmast uza$ar. Yal tama d acôuf ur izmir ad yali wemdan. Abrid is seg yiwet tama kan i yella, injer s wfus deg weéru, idyeq, yesuddem ; win imalen degs ad yezg di tesraft n wadda. Ifellaêen, s yiwen i sezrayen izgaren, tistan ne$ igemren nsen. Amur ameqran tgen asen ifergan deg wza$ar. Tawrirt d ti$remt iddurin am laâc igider. Tama ufella, d luva zun injer itt ufus. Di tlemmast n luva nni t$ez tala. Imezda$ is si zik n zik ur izmir yiwen ad asen ikcem tasga. Sin yergazen zemren ad d gen afrag $ef tewwurt s ineccaben nsen. Ifellaêen, yal ass ad d îîren akwessar, ad xedmen tibêirin ne$ igran nsen, mi ye$li yiîij ad alin $er tkanna nsen. Am Metellus di Begga, Am ass-a Marius di Tewrirt, inwa ad a$ d yaf dinna, nek akw d Buxuc, ad yaf agerruj n Tmaz$a, ad a$ d iîîef s wfus.

Izzi i Tewrirt, syen isedhem laâsker is $er ifergan. Win

iqerben ad d yeçç tiyita, ad immet ne$ ad d irwel $er deffir. Wid isulin tigejda i walluy, mazal ttawven $er yixef ma a ten id yeçç ujajiê n tmes ne$ n weéru, ad d grirben $er deffir. Yal adham ad yawi $er lmut tissi n laâsker n Marius. Di Tewrirt ur as gan a$ilif. Afrag illa, aman d wuççi llan, irgazen llan. Yal tikkelt ad d grirben Iôumyen akwessar a ten id vefrent ti$ratin n tlawin. Marius iffe$ it laâqel. Akken ixdem ur as yufa tawwurt.

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Ifra d yiman-is, iteddu ad ikkes laâsker ni i yezzin i Tewrirt, ad yu$al akin $er tmurt ufella, mi yas ikcem $er uqivun is yiwen waâsekriw , n tmurt Liguria nnig Öuma, inna yas : "ufi$ abrid isuffu$en $er ti$ilt n Tewrirt. Lli$ leqve$ iaâôusen, uli$ acruf si tama nniven, deffir, armi ufi$ yiwet tasaft tem$i d $ef weslav. Uli$ $ef tasaft nni, ddi$ $ef ufurk nni usawen armi d ufi$ iman-iw $ef tqacuct, di Tewrirt ; éri$ s wallen iw Imazi$en ufella, nitni ur yi d éran, sentle$ iman-iw. Syen u$ale$ d ansa i kki$. Ma teb$iv ad u$ale$ akw d wiyav ad sen mle$ abrid". Marius tuli t tawla. Iqdef aâsekriw nni, ifka yas wid $ef ittkel, ddan yides. Qbel ad alin, kksen taselsa n Öuman, lsan am Iamzi$en, ulin seg webrid nni n iaâuras. Mi d u$alen, d awal d inna umezwaru nni i d nnan ineggura. Abrid illa. Marius iffreê. Yufa telli yas d tewwurt anida ur isarem. Azekka nni kan ihegga tarbaât, yerna yasen lbuq akken mi wven luva ufella n Tewrirt ad wten lbuq. Isels asen iceîîiven n Imazi$en akken ad fken anza $er Imazi$en n tewrirt. Akken i teffe$. Azekkan nni, mi yulin wa deffir wa, s leêder, taggara kecmen luda ufella. Mi wven akw, dduklen $er yiwen wemkan, heggan iman-nsen syen bdan tiyita n lbuq, tilawin iddurin $er deffir su$ent, d$a at Tewrirt iffe$ iten laâqel, acengu ikka yasen d si deffir. Mi d bernen yergazen, ooan imukan n tyita n zdat nebla irgazen. Iôumyen, nitni seêman d tiyita s wadda, ulin d seg igudar, kecmen d talemmast n ye$rem. Syen, win a yemten illa, win a yen$en ulac. Imen$i ifra. Wid ufan dinna d imedduren n$an ten, ur d igwri yiwen, d aqcic, d argaz ne$ d tameîîut. Gan timecreî deg at Tewrirt.

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Deffir tedyant nni n Tewrirt i d yusa Sulla si Öuma, yewv ed $er tmurt, yerna d laâsker i imen$i. Senat n Öuman illi yasen tawwurt, Marius akw d Sulla gan ayen wumi zemren. Abrid n tôad injeô zun d i$zer. Si tisin nni n Marius, kkse$ asirem. Ur illa wayen gguni$ si tama n Öuman. Abrid nsen d tôad, abrid nne$ d tôad. Tama ad tekk di tayev. Asirem n talwit ikkes, zzi$ d tikkelt nniven i tmura. Awal i yasen nni$ yiwen : "Ay atmaten ! Aôumi ikcem d tamurt, Aôumi ilaq as ad iffe$ tamurt. D nitni i d izegren ilel Agrakal, maççi d nekwni. Yiwet tmurt kan i nla. Ur nezmir a tt neoo, ne$ ad tt nefk d tarzeft i Uôumi. Yiwen webrid i yellan ass-a, d abrid n yise$, d abrid n tnekra a nesenger ajôad ikecmen. Anida tufam laâsker n Marius, ur din awexxer, ur din inif. Win d isutren laânaya eoo-it, ma d wayev zwi t ! Iôumyen i d yusan a sen neddukel zun d aweîîuf. Ma s tubbya kan a ten nessenger. Ay atmaten ! ma teddukel tcemlit nne$, a nesergagi Öuma. Ass-a nwen, azekka nwen, tamurt d kenwi i tegguni." Mi d zzi$ i tmurt, ufi$ yuki d ugar uéar nni n tnekra, u$e$ abrid $er tmurt n Buxuc. Si tedyant nni mi nedda a nekcem Sirta, teqqim akken gar-ane$. U$ale$ $ures akken a nessem$er admer a yesergagin Öuman. Mi ufi$ Buxuc, fki$ as tamu$li-w amek ilaq ad as neddu i tôad mgal Öuman. Tamurt yiwet akal yiwen, laûel nne$ yiwen, iles yiwen. Nni$ as ilaq a$ a nekkes talast illan gar-ane$ si tallit n Sifaks, si tallit n

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Masnsen. Talast ibeîîun a tt nekkes, a nerr tin isdukklen, anida ib$a nek qeble$. Nni$ as, Sifaks d jedd nne$, Masnsen d jedd nne$. Ma nesdukkel i$allen nne$ ad d nerr leqder i tmurt nne$. A nekkes imennu$en gar-ane$, a nekkes ayen i ya$ ibvan a nesem$er ayen i ya$ isduklen. Ad a$ zzmen wid ad d ikkren azekka. Ad a$ izzem wakal $ef nteddu ma nu$ yir abrid ass-a. Abrid nne$ ass-a d abrid n yise$, d abrid n tissas. Tikemmict n Öuman a tt neselfe$ am tkemmict nni n tizwal. Aôumi d ikecmen ass-a tama ufella, ma yesers ivaôôen is azekka ad d ikcem tama wadda. Aôumi ur issin ala awal n yi$il, ala awal n tummeét akw d wezduz. Aôumi yusa d $ef tkeckult n wes$ar idegger it id wavu, azekka ad yu$al ansa d ikka a t idegger wavu n tnekra nne$, abrid is akin $er Öuma. Buxuc ifka yi d tameééu$t, yu$ abrid n jedd-is. Nesdukkel laâsker nne$, nu$ abrid $er tmurt anida illa Marius. Wid nesbedd deg iberdan, deg icuqar, ayen ilan $ef tiî nsen. Anida mbawlen Iôumyen, ad a$ d yawev wawal. Mi nella nteddu deg webrid i d nemlal amnay s wegmer is iteddu d s tazzla. Isalan i ya$ d iwwi sfeôêen a$ : "Marius akw d laâsker is llan teddun di tza$art illan akin zdat, deffir yi$il". Ilmend a neddu acêal n waguren, a nezzi di tmurt $er tmurt akken ad d naf lateô n Marius, taggara ye$li d netta deg webrid nne$. Din, nbeddel tikli, nefka imnayen izwaren $er zdat ad a$ d awin isalan n wanida llan, acêal i yellan, anwa abrid deg teddun. Nek d

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Buxuc nesemlal ed ifesyanen nne$ a nheggi tiyita. Nteddu, nferru tent amek ad as neddu i imen$i d Marius. Ibda i$li wass mi nemlal Marius akw laâskeô is deg walma. Tamurt nekwni nessen itt, d azal ne$ d iv, irgazen nne$ zemren ad nna$en akken ran. Nebla ma nezzi nefka tissi tamezwarut

n

imnayen te$li fella-asen. Qbel ad d ren tiyita, mi llan tezzin akken ad gen afrag izzin, nekwni nerna tissitin n yergazen nniven. Ikker uhetwir, nekwni nekkat, nitni kkaten. Tiî nne$ nekwni ad asen nezzi, a sen neg tasraft anida yiwen ur d iteffe$.

Nek sya, Buxuc sya, tekker t$ebbart, simmal nessidyiq

annar, simmal néer nferrez anida nekkat. S terbaât n imnayen illan yidi, kecme$ di tlemmast akken ad awve$ Marius, nekwni nekkat, nitni êebbken akken ad snesren iman-nsen. Ajenwi idda, timseggeft tedda, aneccab idda. Yal tama tekkat, tettazzal, tnehhet, nettu$u, tekker t$ebbaôt, irgazen wa ibedd $ef ivarren is, wa isred am uceîîiv. yal tikkelt mi wte$ ad qerbe$ anida nwi$ illa Marius, taggara tiyita, adham n imnayen ad a$ d rren $er deffir, ad a$ sinfen $er yeffus ne$ zelmev. Imen$i yeêma, iîij ibda i$elli, irgazen nne$ am izmawen. Acemma kan ten$es tyita, Iôumyen bdan nesren d tidist. Agus nni i yasen nhegga ur iîîif, Marius akw d kra n laâsker is nesren, syen u$en amkan deg yiwen wegni, yufrar d asawen. Win snesren ivaôôen is inser, wayev icca t uneccab ne$ ajenwi. Laâskeô n Öuman, $as éran maççi i tmurt nsen $ef kkaten, maççi d akal nsen i $ef ttna$en, nitni ssnen as i imen$i. Tussna imen$i

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lemden tt, rnan tta$en awal ugar. Akken i yasen inna ufesyan ad a$en abrid nni. Marius izwar asen $er wegni nni, nitni ddan di later is, teddun kkaten d $er deffir, nekwni nedda deg ivaôôen nsen. Iv ye$li d, imen$i ifra. Nefra abrid is nek akw d Buxuc. Skud tella taffza, nezzi yas d s laâsker i wegni zun d taxatemt. Ur tella tardast nezgel, yiwen waâskeriw n Öuman ur izmir ad d iffe$ syen. Nemsefham akw d Buxuc i tyita sibda a yali wass. Ansa d wenten ad d ff$en a ten nesni d asnay. Mi nemsefraq, yal wa yerra anida llan laâsker is. Neéra ad yi$zif yiv. Akken sersen iman-nsen Imazi$en nne$, sa$en iêeoouoa n tmes, kkren i wbendir d l$iva. tarewla nni irwel laâsker n Öuman iffer, $illen dayen ifra imen$i. Abendir ikker, maççi d ayen ad d tessusmev. Atmaten nne$ sme$ren adriz. Nnig nne$, Marius akw d laâsker is xemten, ur illa ûûut, ur illa wawal, zun mmuten. Mi yedda yiv, Imazi$en susmen, win yaâyan ad isers iman-is ad igen armi d ters tsusmi ula deg wedriz ukwessar. Lawan nni kan deg aâziz yives, atmaten nne$ élen, imir i yesker a$ebbar Marius akw d laâsker is. Di tlemmast n yiv i d heggan imannsen ad nesren. U$en d takwessart d adham, s tazzla d usu$u, lbuq ikkat, ajenwi ikkat, aneccab ikkat. Mazal d nseggem iman-nne$ i tyita, nitni zran akin, nesren i tcebbakt nni i yasen nga. Win n$an n$an t, win rekven rekven t, Marius inser i lmut.

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Sduqsen a$ asduqqes nni ilhan. Ilmend d nekwni a ten isduqqsen acemma kan qbel ad yali wass, Marius yugar a$ tiêerci, izwar alluy n wass. Timlilit n Walma tefka ya$ d udem n imen$i. Marius i d neîîef ger ifassen nne$, inser a$ s tmussni-s, s tiêerci n tôad. Ger wid wukud nennu$, icban Bestia, Albinus ne$ Metelllus, $uri Marius yerna adar s tmussni n tôad. Ma zik imen$i d adrar, ass-a d igenni. Akken i yas nekka i tedyant nni nek akw d Buxuc ur as nufa ixef is. Amek i nettwakellex ? Amek i ya$ tenser ? Neçça tt teêma. Ur tella din te$zef n wawal. Akken i ya$ ikkes uzaylal nni, nserreo, nedda deffir Marius d laâsker is. Marius iteddu, nekwni nedda di lateô is. Uvan ussan nteddu deg webrid is. Abrid n Marius iteddu $er Sirta. Ass wis ôebaâ ne$li fellaasen. Mi teddun ad deg webrid nsen, sersen ad sgunfun ad segmen imannsen, nekwni nfuôes tagwnitt, nezzi yasen. Annar imen$i ihegga. Nekcem annar, nek sya, Buxuc syen, newwet a nesnefsusi agus nni nsen. Di tazwara fki$ imnayen, d nitni i d azduz n tyita ; yugar i srewten igemren i wten irgazen s ineccaben ne$ s ijenwiyen. Iôumyen zzin, swezlen annar akken ad miqraben. Marius akw d Sulla llan di tlemmast. udem imen$i ibda ittseggim ger adwi n Buxuc s laâsker is akw d nekwni. Marius ur ibeddel tikli, ikkat ad a$ isefcel s tuzzya nni i yasen nezzi.

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Acemma kan mi teêma tyita armi neéra iwv ed s laâsker is Bilak (Volux), mmi-s n Buxuc. Mi d iwev kan indeh $er ifesyanen is. £as amur ameqran degsen $ef uvar i d ddan acêal n wussan, gezmen d Tamaz$a seg yixef $er yixef, ur sersen, ur sgunfan, kecmen annar. Imen$i yal tikkelt ittbeddil udem, Buxuc netta d imnayen is iîîef yiwet tama, nek tama nniven, Bilak ikcem di tlemmast. Nek d Buxus sya, nitni, Marius akw d Sulla, yal wa tama d iîîef. Seg wakken teêma, taggara ur iéra yiwen anwa i d axsim is. Wa yekkat, wa yesdari, wa yuzzel, wa yesred, wa yemmut. Ma te$li d tmellalt seg igenni ur d tettawev $er tmurt. Tameddit n wass, mi d i$li yiv yal yiwen ijebd ed laâsker is. Azekka akken, nu$al $er imen$i. Si mi tebda kan, Buxus ijebd laâsker akin $er deffir. Mi yefra imen$i, tama ur tekka di tayev. Marius akw d Sulla sduklen irgazen nsen akin, nekwni nezzi d $er deffir, nesnesr ed widen ijerêen. Irgazen feclen deffir imen$i amezwaru, tikli n tlata wussan d aêbak, rnu yas imen$i n wass-a. Tazmert s talast is. Annar nni neooa ur illa d win a érent wallen. Irgazen, igemren, wa yemmut wa iteddu $er lmut, wa yenta deg-s uneccab d yidis inehhet, wa icelleê s ujenwi ikkat ad ikker syen ad i$li $er deffir. Idim, idim isezwe$ akal d uhicuô. Agwni yu$al d azegga$ s yidim. Ur tella d tamu$li n tudert. Ger wid immuten d wid iteddun $er lmut, llan imeqranen, ilemmasen, imeéyanen. Imazi$en akw d Iôumyen dduklen. Nnu$en di tudert nsen, dduklen di tmettant nsen. Akka, lemmer ur tella t$ennant, yili yal yiwen deg i$rem is, deg wexxam is. Yal yiwen ad d ilhu di tfellaêt is, ilmend n uneccab d waxtuc, ad iîîef tayuga d

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wemger, ad ixdem laé n warraw is. Imdanen ur uksanen, si zik n zik. Marius ikemmel abrid is akin, deg webrid n Sirta, Buxuc28 isdukel laâsker is, iîîef yiwet ti$ilt akin, nekwni neqqim din a nenîel irgazen nne$. Neqqim ad as nesuffe$ i tedyant ivran. Tagrest tusa d, Marius yuli akin $er tama n Carthage, yerna isdukel laâsker is di ti$remtin îîfen di Tmaz$a, icban Sirta, Zama, Tala. Buxuc yu$al $er wexxam is, nek u$ale$ i tazzla akken ad d snekre$ tamurt i twa$it nne$. Imen$iyen izran selmeden iyi ad as ddu$ abrid amaynut i Marius. Ma yella ccek, aneggaru yagi isban ed anda i tent nu$. Nu$ itent di tuddsa. Mi yekker imen$i, atmaten nne$ ad dewwin akka d wakka, zun $er tasvav uzeôzuô. Adway nni ur illa d abrid. Ilaq a$ a nernu aselmed ugar i laâsker nne$. Di tuddsa kan i ya$ ifen Öuman, nekwni ad as neqqim. Imen$i $ezzif, wala$ iteddu ad yi$zif ugar, nekwni ilaq a$ a nesdari ilmeéyen nne$. Maççi d ahmal kan s yedmaren $er zdat. Imen$i s webrid is, s tuddsa s, am tiddas nni ileqqafen yes netturar $ef

28

Salluste : « Buxuc ijbed laâsker is di tlemmast imen$i mi yella Yugurten iteddu

ad isenger Marius akw d laâsker is. Buxuc yurar tiêila akken ad ibeggen i Marius awal ifka. Imir illa wfus gar-asen. S tuff$a nni deg wennar imen$i, mi teêma, iteddu ad imil $er Marius ». Kra wussan $er zdat, nnan as Öuman i Buxuc : « Öuman ur itettu aêbib is, ur itettu acengu is. Ass-mi ad a$ d tbeggnev s wayen ilaqen, assen ad k neqbel d aêbib ». Tawekka n Öuman simmal teteddu i tyita si deffir.

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teblavin. Yal aleqqaf iddukel akw d wid izwaren, yerna ihegga abrid i ileqqafen d iteddun. Tuddsa Tevres, temcuddal. Imen$i mgal Öuman fri$ ad as nbeddel abrid. Ilaq a$ ad as neqqim skud ur nhegga laâsker am akken i ten ihegga Öuman. Tiyita n Walma, tin n Sirta fkant a$ d talast yellan gar-a$ d Öuman. Tidett, $as îîfen ti$remtin, zzin agadir n wefrag, tamurt d nekwni i tt iîîfen. £as a nanef i imen$iyen imeqranen, anida kkan ad a$ d afen zat nsen, yal takemmict n laâsker nsen i d iff$en si te$remt ad tenger, anida kkan ad afen tasraft deg webrid nsen. Akka i yas ddi$. Mi nefra nek akw d ifesyanen nne$, yal tarbaât tu$ abrid is. I yal ti$mert n tmurt a nesiwev awal, a nesiwev asirem i tnekra yugaren tin izran. Di tallit nni deg lli$ teddu$ deg iberdan, ôwi$ akwessar d usawen, Buxuc, deg webrid is, yuzen irgazen i Marius akken ad d yaf tawwurt. Si tedyant nni n Öuma, nek ur u$ale$ i wawal yidsen. Ayen wumi zemre$ gi$ t. Ulac abrid i yasen d kki$ akken ad d naf tifrat, Iôumyen gguman ad d fken udem. Ayen qesden, nek fehme$ t si tazwara : seg wass-mi yemmut Makawsen, tiî n Öuman ad d kecmen Tamaz$a s yi$il nsen. Ayen d irnan $er zdat d tisebbiwin kan. Mi sli$ Buxuc ifka irgazen $er Sirta, akken ad éren Marius, di tazwara rfi$. Amek, ti$remt ibna Masnsen, anida yedder, anida

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yenîel, anida igelled Makawsen, anida inîel, ass-a Buxuc ifka udem i Uôumi ? Urfan d urfan, tikwal llan, tikwal zran. Taggara, ufi$ tikli n Buxuc tezmer ad tili ur tezlig. Marius di Sirta i yella, $er din kan a yazen Buxuc irgazen is. Di tallit n imen$i, Buxuc yusa d netta d mm-is, win d laâsker nnig wayen sarme$. Kecmen annar imen$i, wten ayen wumi zemren. Acêal n yergazen i ya$ immuten. Taggara $as tiyita nni ur a$ teffi$, nitni fkan d tazmert nsen. Ass-a ma Buxuc inwa abrid isuffu$en d awal d Marius, ar d im$i ad iban. Deg yiwet tama, awal ilha. Di lawan nni, imen$iyen imeqranen ad ne$sen. Anida yella usirem, ineqqes weêvam imen$i. Newkni, di lawan agi ad nesker laâsker icban Öuman. Ayen yesi$zef wawal ugar. Ass-mi éri$ Buxuc, nni$ as ad i yi yefk amek isedda awal netta d Marius, Sulla ne$ wiyav. Awal is igzem : "zik d keç kan i iqublen Öuman, ass-a nella $er tama-k nesawev tanekra nne$ $er webrid imen$i. Iôumyen, éran anda male$, éran tazmert nne$ ma neddukel. Illa wawal $urne$ , n$ar « ma tse$lev ewwet ; ma ur tezmirev ur s$al » , nekwni nekkr ed, newwet. Ass-a ma nu$al $er wawal ur tella degs tuzzma. Ihi nek wala$, Öuman yif it ad yili si tama nne$, wala ad yili d acengu nne$. Ma zemre$ ad sinfe$ tallit agi deg nella $er tifrat, anida yella îîer ?" Abrid d iwwi Buxuc, nwi$ d abrid.

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Ayen ri$ ad as skecme$ i Buxuc $er walla$ is d tikerkas, tiêeôci n Marius akw d ifesyanen is. Nek $uri tamsalt tefra d di Öuma. Marius flan t id ad iseddu tôad, netta ad iwet s wayes izmer akken ad yawev isew-is : ad iîîef Taùmaz$a. Ayen nniven akw d urar, d tuzya n wawal. Takti yagi tekcem iyi $er walla$ iw ur zmire$ ad tt id suff$e$. Awal n Öuman yebna $ef tikerkas, ur yella din yisem n tidett. Atmaten nne$ illan di tmurt n Carthage, di Utique, sawven a$ awal. Marius simmal isekcam ed laâsker irennu d, si Öuma. Win isarmen talwit, ur d irennu i$allen d ifadden n tôad. Di lawan deg Buxuc iselqam awal netta d Sulla, nek lhi$ d di tfellaêt iw. Yal ass anida a ye$li yisne$. Nejjem a nens sin wuvan deg yiwem wemkan. Nedda d timzizzelt, yal ti$remt nekcem yiwen wudem i nufa. Imdanen bedden, heggan i tnekra, kkren i twizi mgal Aôumi. £as irgazen llan, $as idamen êman,

amur ameqran d

ifellaêen. Ifassen yu$en tanumi d uqabac akw d wanzel, ur zmiren azekka nni kan ad segmen i wneccab, axtuc ne$ ajenwi. Ur zmire$ ad d megre$ irgazen di tmura, a ten fke$ d asfel i wjenwi n Öuman. Abrid iw nek, yal ilemzi nne$, ilaq as ad ikcem $er wennar imen$i, ad iwet, syen ad d iffe$ d ameddur. Ri$ ad ilin d wid i yewten, maççi d wid a yemten. Zegre$ asif n Melwen, kecme$ tamurt n Buxuc. Yuzn ed $uri a t zre$. Mi nemlal, ifka yi d anida isawev awal gar-as d Marius. Netta

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isarem ad d naf tawwurt i tifrat. Inna yi d Iôumyen fkan d udem akken yal yiwen ad ya$ abrid n talwit ; ma neqqim, nezmer a nefru uguren illan gar-ane$ ; ma neqqim, ur tella tindert ur nfessi. Taggara, buxuc isegwra d awal, inna yi d :"Marius yuzen d Sulla a nemlil yides. Abrid n tifrat ad t id naf akken yeb$u yentel. Keç a Yugurten, ilaq ak ad d tôedbev, ad d tefkev udem akken a nekkes tazzla idammen gar-ane$ d Öuman." Awal n Buxuc s webrid is. Acu tettnadiv a yader$al, d tafat ! Nek, s tidett, wala$ awal nni d uffal. Ayen ur d isefreé Buxuc, nek $uri d tagejdit n wawal. Ma yella isawel netta d Sulla, awal amezwaru d wa : Iôumyen ad ff$en si Tmaz$a, ad ff$en si Sirta, ad u$alen akin i tlisa nsen, $er tmurt n Carthage. Ih ne$ ala ? Buxuc ur yi d isefôez tamsalt. Akken i yas ddi$, tagut simmal trennu teddal awal is. Nek, tiêerci n Marius ssne$ tt, tin n Sulla terna tardast $er zdat. Taggara fri$ as i Buxuc, nni$ as : - Nekwni akw d Öuman am tedyant nni "mm-is n ta$at a t yeçç wuccen". Sulla inna yak ad d yas. Nek, yiwen webrid kan i wala$ isuffu$. Sulla a t neîîef ger ifassen nne$, syen Iôumyen ad d ffken udem, am Marius am Senat di Öuma. Ma nurez asen argaz am Sulla, nitni ad gen ayen nra nekwni akken ad asen yu$al wergaz d ameddur. Mi neîîef Sulla, nezmer a ten nesseks akken ad a$en abrid nra nekwni, ad ff$en si tmurt nne$.

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Buxuc idhec. Abrid i yas d wi$ ur ibni fell-as. Ur yi d inna zzant ne$ r$ant. Isuter iyi d ad as iwzen i tedyant kra wussan $er zdat, syen a tt nefru. Nek u$ale$ d $er wemkan iw, netta ooi$ ad iseddu awal netta d Sulla. Nefra ad d yerr $uri kra wussan $er zdat. Timlilit nni n Buxuc ur tris $ef neyya-w. Awal i yi d isawev Dabeô, illan tama-s, qbel timlilit agi n Buxuc akw d wawalen n Buxuc s timmad is netta, fehme$ tella talast gar-asen. Ur éri$ anida illa iceqqiq, ma d nek iceqqiq nni illa, uki$ as. Zran kra wussan, Buxuc isawv iyi d ad ase$ tikkelt tis snat a nefru awal nne$. Ilmend d nek ar izegren $er tmurt is, ifka yi d amkan n temlilit akka d i wasif n Melwen29, talast ger Tamaz$a d Muretanya. Nu$ abrid nek akw terbaât, yid-ne$ ddan sin warraw iw. Mi qrib a nawev, neéra s lbaâd aveggal iw Buxuc, ibedd $ef yixef n ti$ilt netta d imnayen is. Izegr-ed i wasif akken ad a$ d imager. Nekwni nse$el as, netta is$el a$ d s yi$il is. Mi nerna tikli a neddu $er zdat, qbel ad ten nawev i d $lin fell-a$. Izzi ya$ d weglaf n laâsker n Öuman. Llan netlen i tmu$li, akin ddaw udernu.

29

Asif n Melwen = Moulouya ( Malva, s tlatinit), asif illan d talast ger Tamaz$a/ Numidya d Tamaz$a/Muretanya.

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Nekwni nella ifassen nne$ d ilmawen. Ur illa s wayes a newwet. Öuman n$an akw wid illan yid-ne$. Negwra d, nek akw d sin warraw iw. Rran a$ tixelxalin n wuzzal. Sulla iff$ ed si ger laâskeô is. Buxuc, izzi udem is akin,

yuder akwessar. Yewwi ise$, izenz

idammen is i Öuman...

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3. Tikli n Öuma30 Ussan n tegrest izde$ iten usemmiv. Tewzel n wussan nni rennun amur i te$wzi n wuvan akken ad sebken idammen, ad iqqar weglim, ad kkawen ifadden. Asemmiv n Öuma iqseê, di tegrest irna tardast $er zdat. Campus Martius31, agwni di tlemmast n Öuma, iççuô d iùmdanen, iççur d igemren, d izgaren acêal n wussan. Imezda$ nni ur llan d wid itturaren, ur llan d wid d yusan ad nezhen uraren n circus Flaminius ne$ circus Maximus, deffir tawat, deffir uççi ilhan akw d tissit n

30

Dans la Rome Antique, le Triomphe (Triumphum), c'est la procession accomplie au

temple de Jupiter Capitolin par un général vainqueur. Cette cérémonie, d'origine étrusque, était régie par des règles religieuses strictes. [...] Précédé par ses licteurs, le triomphateur richement vêtu et couronné de lauriers, traversait la ville monté sur un char attelé de quatre chevaux blancs. L'armée criait "io triumphe" et chantait des chansons paillardes. Suivaient les membres du Sénat, les magistrats, les prisonniers, le butin et les animaux destinés au sacrifice. Le cortège partait du Champ de Mars, hors les murs, entrait dans Rome par la porte triomphale, traversait le Circus maximus, contournait le Palatin, avant d'emprunter la Voie sacrée pour atteindre le Capitole. Parvenu au Temple de Jupiter, le général immolait lui-même les animaux destinés aux sacrifices et offrait sa couronne de lauriers au dieu....

Ce défilé était attribué par le Sénat romain, et constituait une récompense pour le général victorieux. Il pouvait avoir lieu longtemps après sa campagne. Un des critères importants était le butin rapporté, mais il ne pouvait y avoir de triomphe si l'ager romanus, le territoire de la République, n'avait pas été augmenté. 31

Campus Martius (Champ de Mars) / Annar n Me$res, beôôa ugadir n Öuma.

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waman wavil. Imdanen nni qimen d tikemmucin, susmen, laâsker n Öuman itezzi yasen, teddun akka d wakka, afus $ef ujenwi. Urar n wennar n Martius di tegrest useggwas -104 ur illa d win ssnen imezda$ n Öuma. Urar nni i yasen d ihegga Consul Marius i yat Öuma, ad yili d win $ef a cfun iseggwasen d iseggwasen, d win ar a êekkun imdanen i tarwa nsen, i warraw n warraw nsen, di lqern $er lqern. Akken i t ira Marius. Acêal n wussan si mi iççuô wennar n Campus Martius. Yal ass rennun d imdanen, igemren, izgaren. Mi d tekcem tissi ad ta$ amkan is akin di te$mert is i yas heggan laâskeô nni. Tasusmi n wennar nni trennu a$ilif ugar i wemkan nni. Taduli n tigugemt tewev ula d izgaren akw d iserdan nni. ¨Üut i d yulin si Campus nni, tikwal d win kan n laâsker nni i yezzin i wegraw, ne$ d astenten n txelxalin n wuzzal. Tixelxalin nni yurzen irgazen. Asemmiv nni n tegrest n öÖuma isberber asen, isdukel iten, idel taduli n tsusmi fella-asen. Acêal n wussan si mi yeççur wennar nni. Laé d usemmiv kecmen i$san n imdanen. Ti$imit nni n yal ass, si tsebêit ar tmeddit, si tmeddit ar tsebêit, teskerf iten, laé d usemmiv irna yasen. Qqimen feclen. £as serden, ur uysen, sarmen ad tbeddel fell-asen, am akken nnan imezwura, "akken triv $ezzifev a yiv, taggara ad yali wass". Tikwal

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d$a saramen ad d yas wass deg a tefru fell-asen, ad d iffe$ yiîij, ad yekkes u$em$um nni deg llan. Melmi ad d yas wass nni saramen ? Imdanen nni iqqnen am akraren ur llan d imezda$ n Öuma, ur llan d imezda$ n Latinium, n Liguria ne$ n tmura n Öuman i d izzin. Nitni usan d si tmurt illan akin i yilel, akin i waman izegzawen. Usan d nnig leb$i nsen, ur llan d inebgawen n Öuma. Tikli nni nnig waman, ahuccu nni n wavu, asendu nni n waman, nitni cudden, keflen d iéeôman nsen. Ussan nni n tmezgert ger Tamaz$a d Öuma ukin as zun d aseggwas. Mi d rsen seg wbabuô nni, yuli ten id lfeôê. Meqqar ad ikkes imiôzeg deg yimi nsen. £as kecmen tamurt ur ssinen, feôêen mi yasen ikkes ukuffir nni n lmujat n waman, ferêen ad bedden $ef tmurt ur tesebruqqul. Yal wa segsen anta tamurt i t id ifkan, taggara isemlal iten id webrid nsen ger ifassen n Öuman di tlemmast n Öuma. Wid ur d newiv, am wid immuten mi d zegren, wa ççan t waman, wa ççan t wuccanen akin i yilel. Wid d igwran qqnen am akraren, ggunin tawenza nsen. Di tiggugemt nni, llant tikkal deg ad d yali ûûut ameéyan gar-asen, ger sin ibecbucen, tameééu$t $er tmeééu$t : - Ansi-k keç ? Amek i k id îîfen ? - Nella di ti$remt mi d yewwev laâsker n Öuman, nella nferren irden i yiéid. Mi d kecmen kan snegren tamurt, ger wayen ser$en d wayen n$an. Ur d igwra useklu ibedden ... Win sreweln ivaôôen is inser, nekwni cudden a$ d, i keç ?

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- Ufan a$ d nkerrez, akken kan yuli wass. Si mi nebda takerza, nefôeê teswa d, akal irveb. Ivelli nni kan i zwaren i tkerza At Ufella. D nitni si zik n zik i d isuffu$en tagwersa d imezwura ilmend d nitni i d axxam amezwaru ger wid ibnan i$rem nne$. Nekwni neqqen tayuga a nmeggel taferka, iîij iff$ ed, tagut tuli akin di tegnewt. Mi d mm$en fell-a$, tayuga nni nne$ zlan tt din laâsker Iôumyen, ççan tt, nekwni rran a$ icuddan nni, qqnen a$ zun d izgaren nni. Anzel yu$al i nekwni. Ijreê wul iw $ef tyuga nni. Yiwen wezger, win isaân tarqemt taberkant ger wallen, ilul $urne$, nesuttev it, wayev yu$ it id baba si suq n Tasift. Acêal n wussan d wussan d wamek i ten iselmed i tkerza. Yal ass a ten isdukel, aten iqqen i wevref ne$ sin, taggara gan tanumi i sin, myussanen, kerrzen nebla wal. Anzel nni i tnalit kan i yella. Taggara n tneggura tura yasen tefrut n Öuman ! Mi ya$ d skecmen ass-a $er wennar agi deg nella, éri$ aqwvar n yezgaren imellalen derren akin ; d izgaren am tyuga nni nne$. Ijreê wul iw am ass-en amcum. Lemmer ur éri$ s wallen iw, yili ad skidbe$ iman-iw. Izgaren agi, si tmurt nne$ i ten id zegren. Di tama niven n wennar, - I keç ? - Neéra Iôumyen teddun d. Mi wten ad d kecmen ti$remt, nekwni neff$ ed si tama nniven ; nezzi yasen, nexdem afernas degsen, ulac win inesren segsen. N$il tefra. Mazal nessers uzzal, mazal tekkaw tidi, mi d yerna wehdum n laâsker nsen, d aweîîuf ne$ ugar ; yal tama tefka d ; maççi d ayen a nqabel. Taggara n tedyant, i$rem

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yu$al d ixerban, wid n$an mmuten, nekwni qqnen a$ d am izamaren... - I keç amek tevra ? - Mi yuli wass i d neéra udmawen n Öuman nnig ugadir ; zzin d i ti$remt nekwni ur sen nuki ; i$rem nne$ intel di te$zut, n$il ur a$ d ttawven, taggara ufan d anida nezde$ ; ur a$ ooan ad d nakwni, d asduqqes i ya$ d sduqqsen deg wusu ; llan wid snin s ujenwi nsen akken deg wussu yeêman ; azgen n$a t, azgen cudden t id... - Nekwni, mi nesla yusa d Öuman, neffe$ seg i$rem, neffer deg yiger anda intel ; neqqim dinna kra wussan, n$il tezra tyita, zegren akin. Taggara mi d nezzi a nekcem $er yi$rem nufa ten id ggunin tawwurt; ur illa wanida a nerwel, nekcem deg umeôdax ; fernen imeéyanen, wid izemren, rran a$ d isuka n yirden fella izugar nne$, nedda d yidsen. Wiyav içça ten ujenwi. - Nekwni nella ne$$az anu n waman. Acêal n wussan nesalay-ed tiquftin n wakal seg wanu. N$ez tiddi n wergaz d wergaz, nnig snat temrawin i$allen. Win illan deg wadda ur d isel i wawal n wid illan $ef yimi n wanu. Niqal d nek i yellan akwessar ; lli$ $aze$, taquffett deffir wetma-s, wid illan tama ufella salayen d akal. Tiremt tis snat, nek uli$ d, yuder Oendeô. Iffel yiîij akin i yi$il mi d ye$li fell-a$ weglaf n Öuman. Yal tama teteffk ed amur is. Nek d Wakli akw d Ëemmu , zzin a$, îîfen a$, fkan a$ ayen wumi zemren n tyita, syen cudden a$. Ma d Oendeô nni ur éri$ amek tevra yid-es. Ur éri$ imùmut ne$ idder. Ala netta i d turew yemma-s. Tikli n wussan d wuvan nnig wakal d

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waman, tiddi n wussan d wuvan, i laé d usemmiv, ass-a negwra d di txennaqt agi n Öuma... Yal yiwen tadyant i d yeêka, yal wa d a$ilif t icqan ; wa yeooa-n tarwa-s akin i yilel, wa iteééev deg walla$ is tamu$li nni n wid iglalzen, mmuten zdat-es deg wasif idammen. Yir taggara ! Imdanen qqimen, qumcen, ggunin, tiddi ur tella. D amured kan di snat turdas nni deg llan. Win iwten ad ikker ne$ ad ibedd am akken bedden yemdanen, at sin ivaôôen, din kan a t id tawev tyita $er walla$, ne$ aneccab ger yedmaren. Si tazwara nni, sin segsen i suff$en seg wennar d i$errusen, ikka yasen uneccab si tama $er tayev, mmuten din. Wid d igwran kerfen, u$alen $ef tgecrar. Ifen ten igemren nni d yezgaren nni izegga$en, nitni meqqar zemren ad qimen, ad bedden. Yir tariêt tu$ akw annar. Ger tuff$a n yemdanen d tin n waxfiwen, tazefrant nni trennu teqseê yal ass. Laâsker n Öuman simmal rennun teddun akin, simmal rewwlen akin, $unfan tariêt n imdanen nni, tariêt n wufni. Acêal n wussan i yezran, imdanen nni ggunin tafat ansi ad d tekk. Deg wass amcum, qbel ad yali wass i yekker herwel deg wennar Martius. Asu$u nni n laâskeô n Öuman ad d isawki win immuten. Teddun, afus ikkat, iêebbek

akka d wakka, win iqqimen ad ikker, win

immuten ad d ikker, win ur nezmir a t yeçç ujajiê. Akken llan

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imdanen nni neggzen, bedden nnig leb$i nsen. Bedden yir tiddi deffir acêal n wussan n

uqummec, n tikerfi. Tagwecrirt tenteq,

taweîzit tsu$. Win imôehwalen ad iqqim, din ad t id tawev tyita n wanzel n Öuman. Si teqreê nni n zellum usemmiv, i$san saêen, igwelman ddubzen, tiddi n yemdanen nni tmal, tekna am terga u$anim deg wass n wavu. Tagut nni idlen Campus Martius tettifrir, tafat n wass trennu a$ilif ugar s wudmawen nni akw d wallen nni nsen, udmawen n laé d u$ilif. Ilmend tafat a tekkes tillas, a teffe$ tiî akin i tmu$li, taggara d tafat nni i d irennun tillas si tmu$li taberkant n yemdanen icudden, imdanen iknan ur d tewwiv tizi n tewser. Asu$u, aêbak, amdegger ... Ikker herwel deg wennar. Win iqimen ikker, win ikren i$li, win iddan içça tiyita, terki deg wennar amcum. Imdanen illan $er zdat derren, iqwvaren derren, Öuman, anzel deg wfus, teddun tseggimen adar rennun. Yuli wass mi bdan tikli, teddun tikli taéayet, imdanen teddun ur éran anda teddun. Wid illan segsen ssnen Öuma, éôan zdat nsen Circus Flaminius. Zran, ur bedden zdat circus nni. Urar n circus ass-a agemmad i tewwurt n circus i yella. Di tezribt nni deg teddun imdanen icudden, izgaren derren, igemren bubben iêemblen d ibeônusen,

ur illa

wawal, ur tella tavsa. Afrag ineccaben n laâsker nni si yal tama iksa fell-asen a$ilif.

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Di circus, di lawan is, llan wuraren, tella temzizzelt n igemren, n yemdanen. Uraren n wass-a, zdat circus, ur ten ggunint twu$a, ur ten igguni waêêay. Imdanen zran, tasusmi taéayant tdel i circus. Aqwvar n yergazen, igemren d yezgaren ddan abrid nsen. Simmal ass iteddu, simmal imezda$ teff$en d zdat ixxamen nsen éerren "iddawen agi", imdanen iberkaken agi n Numidya i d izegren. Di tazwara dehcen kan, syen ikkes asen ukukru. Imazi$en nni éerren zdat nsen cudden, afrag nni n laâsker nsen irna yasen tirugza. Ur qqiment tsusaf, ur iqqim yir awal, ur iqqim ubuôôem s waîîawen, ur iqqim wes$al s yi$il.

Imdanen nni icudden, teddun avar deffir

wayev, susmen, ur sfiven tisusaf, ur sulin aqerru nsen. Mi kkan si tewwurt n ti$remt, tawwurt n "Triomphe"32, laâskeô nni i yasen izzin sersen ineccaben akw d ijenwiyen nsen akin. Akken i tella si zik nsen. Anekcum $er ¨Öuma, ad yili ifassen d ilmawen, d anekcum n talwit33. Mi ten tefka tewwurt nni, tiwu$a n imezda$ n Öuma simmal rennunt, ifergan n yemdanen si yal tama n tzerbatin simmal iverres ; $ursen d ass n tme$ra. £as tawwurt nni n

32

Triumphum / porte triomphale

33

« Le triomphe : le parcours du cortège est immuable, considéré comme un retour à la

vie civile des soldats citoyens. En franchissant le pomœrium, le général vainqueur abandonne son pouvoir de commandement militaire (imperium), symbole de son retour à sa condition de simple citoyen. Partant du Champ de Mars, où les légionnaires déposaient les armes, se détournant symboliquement du dieu de la guerre ».

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"Triomphe" deg-s tiddi n mraw irgazen ne$ ugar, imdanen nni icudden avar afus knan tuyat nsen,

knan tiddi zun zran ddaw

uzaglu. Tikli nni di tlemmast n Öuma, ger tsusaf d yir awal, tu$al asen d tamagert. Sarmen ad d telli tewwurt ddaw ivaôôen nsen, ad ten teçç tmurt akken llan, ad sgunfun. Teddun tikli n tmara, tiwu$a simmal rennunt ugar zdat nsen. Nitni teddun $er zdat, awal iteddu seg yiwen $er yiwen $er deffir : "agellid nne$ illa zdat ; icudd am nekwni ... agellid nne$ ... Yugurten, icudd s wuzzal, iteddu zdat-ne$, akin deffir ucaôiv n Marius… llan warraw is di sin...". Win islan i wawal nni ad yiwri$ wudem is, syen ad iseddu awal nni i wid d iteddun deffir. Awal iteddu si tmeéu$t $er tmeééu$t, yu$ idurra nni iteddun tikli n taggara. Deg yixef n terêilt $er zdat, Yugurten iteddu ger sin ifergan n laâsker, uzzal iqqen ivaôôen d ifassen. Deffir teddun sin warraw-is. Iteddu tikli taéayant. £er zdat, akin, iban as d Marius ibedd, iteddu $ef ucaôiv i jebdent snat tyugwin n igemren imellallen. Yugurten ikna i tuyat is, iteddu avar deffir wayev. Ur isla i twu$a, ur iwala i$allen d is$alen, ur iéra arquqen i t id ibeômen. Iteddu, isers aîawen is, zun di targit i yella.

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Abrid izzi, tarêilt tezra zdat Forum Boarium34, syen tu$ abrid n Circus Maximius, kecmen di tlemmast is, si yal tama d agwlaf n yemdanen s twu$a d uéeggi. £er zdat, yal asurif d ûûut n "Viva ! " akw d "io triumphe!" i Marius ; $er deffir d awalen ifuêanen i widen yurzen. Yiwet tikli, sin wudemawen. Imdanen nni iteddun deffir ttun tilufa deg llan. Si mi slan agellid nsen, Yugurten, illa gar-asen, yurez ula d netta, ikkes fella-sen uéar nni usirem. "Yugurten, mm-is n tsedda, ass-a iqqen am yi$id, ger laâsker n Öuman !". Awwah ! Ur tezmir ad d tili tagi. Gguman ad amnen. Mid ff$en si circus Maximus, ddan $er zelmev zzin i ti$ilt n Palatinum. Teddun tikli n tmara ur éran anida teddun. Ma $er lmut, yif $ir lemmer zwaren degs. Ma d tudert am ta, yif $ir lmut tameûûart. Teddun di Öuma zun di tlemmast n tasna n waréen. Iôumyen simmal sedyaqen d abrid, simmal qerrben d i$allen nsen d ifassen nsen $er udmawen nsen. Tikli simmal tetti$zif mi yas zzin i tewrirt n Palatin, syen u$en tazribt tameqrant, Via Sacra.

34

Abrid n triumphum : Campus Martius (Champ de Mars) > Circus Flaminus >

Porte Triomphale > Forum Romanum > Forum Boarium (tura isem is "Piazza Bocca della Verita") > Circus Maximus > Palatin (izzi i tewrirt n) > Via sacra (Voie sacrée) > Clivus capitolinus (abrid yulin $er Capitole) > Capitolinus (Capitole).

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Tikli n luva, $as ma ifadden kkawen, $as ma ifadden cudden s ixelxalen n wuzzal, amdan izmer ad iseddu iman-is, avar deffir wayev, ad yefk llu i tiddi-s. £as alla$ sellaw si laé, ééay s usemmiv d u$ilif, imdanen nni teddun d tissi, win imalen ad as d gen taôkizt, ad t id allen watmaten is. Teddun deg webrid ur ssinen, di tmurt ur ssinen. Mi bdan tikli usawen di tezribt n Via Sacra akw, ukin i tegwecrar nsen feclent. Abrid ibeddel, teddun ikkat iten wufur ger teblavin nni tizegzawin n Via Sacra. Tiwu$a rennunt simmal, abrid itti, irna $ezzif $er zdat. £as d asemmid, tidi n tkuffirt tetqiîîir deg udmawen nsen. Ur tella tiddi, ur illa wesgunfu. Yal yiwen segsen iéra anida ar as teffe$ i win ibedden, i win i$lin isred ur izmir ad iddu. Tuddma nni ddmen laâskeô winna i$lin di Tewwurt n Triumphum teqqim di tmu$li nsen. Tuddma nni kan tefka d udem n wanida iteddu. Teddun zun d tameqqunt nni n tgedrin di tallit n tmegra. Yal yiwen intev $er gma-s, win imalen ad d id iîîef wayev. Teddun, avar ifcel, afud ikkaw, alla$ iffe$ it usirem. £er zdat tekker tawla n lferê d uba$ur $er ibeônas n Marius : « io triomphe ! ». Targit deg yella Yugurten, tefka anza i targit nni n win illan deg yifri n teryel. Targit akw d takwayt dduklent, ur tella talast garasent. Acêal n wussan izran si mi t id îîfen Öuman. Ussan nni n tubeô, $lin d waman di lawan is, teswa d d$a, llan wid ikerzen. Ilmend ad isirem

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ad m$in yigran, ad ççarent tesrafin, ad d isdukel tamurt i tnekra tameqrant, taggara tunef, tmal, iwet wesyax di tlemmast. Tikli nni yuki yas $ezzifet. Abrid nni deg iteddu, $as d iberdan issen si zik, ass-mi d yusa acêal n tikkal $er Öuma, ass-a ur as yufa udem. Öuma nni issen, ass-a tenger. Tiwu$a nni akw d yir awalen nni n wid iççuôen iberdan kksen sser $ef ti$remt n Öuma. Öuma d ikkan nnig akw timura ! Yugurten iger tamu$li akka d wakka ma ad d $lint wallen is $ef yiwen ne$ sin ger wid issen dinna, wid wukud içça tagella, yufa ur illa din yiwen. Udmawen n wid i yas d izzin ass-a cuban wid nni n yifri n teryel, udmawen nni n tmucuha. Öuma nni n zik tenger. Abrid usawen di Via Sacra simmal irennu itti$zif, simmal isuddum zun d tinifift, tikwal d aswawen tikwal d akwessar. Imdanen teddun nehten, ifadden kennun, tiddi tzelleg. Wid illan di tlemmast feclen, laâsker illan di tama teddun s tevsa, avar afessas, udem innecôaê. Abrid nni isudmen yu$al asen i nitni d aza$ar. Tafat n yiîij n tegrest simmal trennu, wid iteddun s tmara $ezzifet fell-asen tiremt. Lemmer éran anida teddun, zemren ad as gen ul, ad sebôen i dderk, i laé, i laâtab. Zemren ad rekven $er ul nsen, ad qeblen laâtab nni, laé d usemmiv nni, taggara ad awven anida teddun. Ad awven, ad tefsi tiyersi fell-asen, ad sgunfun. Imdanen n tikli di Öuma, ur ten id iwiv wawal, ur qdicen i tikli nsen. Amdan icudden s ixelxalen n wuzzal, ur iqqim d amdan i tiî n win i t icudden.

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Si tallit nni deg icudd, zun iffe$ si lufeq n yemdanen, ikcem adaynin n war amdan. Akka ! Timanit, tanefsit, tezmer ad tu$al d urar ger ifassen n yemdanen, ger ifassen n wid d yu$en tama ufella. Yiwen seg wid iteddun zdat, tama tazelmaî, imal abrid ne$ sin, syen yu$al ed. Irna idda $er zdat, avar ifcel, tigecrar rgagint, irna idda $er zdat asurif ne$ sin. Mi d gren wid illan deffir-es a t idd arzen s i$allen nsen i yasen inser. Abrid idyeq isuddem. Argaz iwwi ti$i$it akin, imrehwal akka d wakka, inîer s lqedd is, isred. Tikufta ff$ent ed seg yimi-s. Mazal ters tergagit nni mi t id wven, $lin d fell-as zun d tamedda. Zu$ren argaz nni am zun d aceîîiv. Sin deg ifassen, sin deg ivaôôen, sdergen t akin deffir ugadir. Nnig wid illan zdat-es akw d wid illan deffir-es, argaz nni yufeg, yucka, ur t iéra yiwen. Iffe$ si tmeddurt, zun ur d ilul, ur yuzzil, ur ivsa, ur inne$na. Ass-mi d ilul di taddart nsen, di Tewrirt, di Taberka ne$ deg I$il Imula, ass-en tefôeê yemma-s, slalwent as tlawin di taddart, gant as urar armi yuli wass. Ayen akw tessarem yemma-s, ayen akw yuzzel netta akken ad yu$al d argaz, in$el deg wass nni n tubeô mi t id urzen Öuman. Ass-a isax di tegrest, deg webrid n Via Sacra yulin $er Capitolinus, di tlemmast n Öuma. Yuli wass mi d suff$en Yugurten si lêebs deg yella. Usan d $ures d agwlaf n laâskeô, zzin as, sulin t $ef ucaôiv i zu$ren sin igemren. Suff$en t id akken s wuzzalen nni yurzen ivaôôen d ifassen. Yugurten iteddu s leêder lemmer ad i$li. £as akken argaz

Taggara n Yugurten

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TULLIANUM

iqqen, laâsker nni zzin as am aréen, gan afrag, afus $ef ujenwi ne$ $ef uneccab. Ur illa wawal ger Yugurten akw d wid d yusan $ures. Tamu$li nni n tewwurt n Triumphum tefka yas d tasarut n tuff$a i t id suff$en taûebêit. Tikkelt agi iéra maççi $er lmut i t id srekben. Mi yeéra anect nni n laâsker, n imeêbas, n igemren, izgaren d wayen icudden fella n icaôiven nni, ifhem anida i d abrid is. Yugurten issen Öuma, issen Iôumyen am zun d tamurt is. Acêal n tikkal i yezger ilel, irzef $er Öuma. D$a si tedyant nni n tôad n Numance iga d imeddukal ugar, imeddukal nni n tidett, wid illan $er tama-s, wid wukud idegger laâsker n Numance. Ameddakwel illan di tizi n ddiq, di tizi n tidett anda $ellin yergazen, yiwen ur izmir a t ittu. Di tedyant nni d$a i yuki ikcem di tlemmast n idles aôumi ; issen amek teddun, amek éerren tameddurt, timmanit nsen ; isefra d ayen izwaren $ursen d wayen igwran $ursen.

Mar a yili di tlemmast

imeddukal is Iôumyen, ittakwi i yiman-is zun d yiwen segsen ; ayen ilhan issen it, ayen ur ilha issen it. Tikwal d$a isaram ad d yas wass deg ad isdukkel ayen ilhan $ur Öuman akw d wayen ilhan $ur Imazi$en am netta akken ad ibnu tamurt akken tt imenna netta. Di tallit nni deg yella baba-s Makawsen d agellid, tikwal iéer tagelda n Sirta abrid is $er deffir maççi $er zdat. Llant tikwal d$a deg isaram ad d yu$al jedd-is Masnsen, ad d yu$al d ileméi akken ad as ibeddel abrid i tmurt. Tikwal d$a mar ad iéer ilmeéyan nni di Sirta, icban Aderbal, Gawda akw d wiyav, wid akken d ikkren di leêrir d tavuîî, rennun d wurfan degs ugar. Di lawan deg ilmeéyan n Öuman ur sgunfun ger tazzla s wegmer, almad imen$i s ujenwi d uneccab,

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tazzla $ef uvar, wid nne$ sbuêrun asen waklan ddaw tara tazegzawt di Tewrirt n Sirta. Abrid is netta, iéra ur illa d abrid nsen. Tallit nni mi i t sbedden zdat tewwurt n Triumphum, imezda$ ççuren d annar. Awal iffe$ s$ur laâsker nni, d$a at Öuma bdan d yir awalen $er wudem is. Yugurten issen tikli n Triumphum maççi armi d ass-a. Si zik n zik yusa d jedd-is Masnsen $er Triumphum n Scipion, yusa d Makawsen d inebgi. Ass-a lemmer tseggem, ad yili d inebgi n Senat maççi d ameêbus s wuzzalen... Ifhem ass-a d ass n Triumphum n Marius. D ass is ilmend n wayen d issas i tmurt is. Isers aqerru-s, ur isel i yir awal, ur yuki i tsusaf nni i t id iwven ; $as illa din, alla$ is izger akin $er ti$remt n Sirta. Ayen akw izran si lmut n Makawsen, ass-a iban as d am tafat nni n magu, iban as ifren, yufaf, iktal, yu$al $er tesga. Triumphum agi iban as d am win yufan tasarut nni i yas idergen acêal wussan, acêal iseggwasen. Azal ameqran n Triumphum issen it, iéra anwa i d aéar is di tmurt n Öuman : akken ad tili tikli n Triumphum i yiwen seg wid iseddan tôad, i jiniral n laâsker icban Marius, ilaq cceôt ameqran. Ilaq as ad yili irna d akal35 akken ad isem$er, ad isnerni tamurt n Öuman. 35

Triomphe : " Un des critères importants était le butin rapporté, mais il

ne pouvait y avoir de triomphe si l'ager romanus, le territoire de la République, n'avait pas été augmenté". L’annexion de la Numidie se confirme !

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Senat i yas iqeblen ass-a tikli yagi n Triumphum i Marius, $ures tefra. Marius irna d tamurt i Öuma, idegger akin tilisa, irna d Tamaz$a (Numidya) d aêric amaynut i ¨Öuma. £ursen tefra, seg wass nni deg d îîfen Yugurten, Tamaz$a tu$al d taferka nsen. Afrag nni iga Yugurten ikkes ass-mi t id cudden s ixelxalen n wuzzal ! Yugurten iteddu, avar deffir wayev, ur isla i twu$a, ur yuki i tsusaf. A$ilif nni ameqran yellan fell-as yuki yas ittifsis. Ass-a tefra yas d. Anezgum nni iga seg mi ikker i tôad netta d Öuman, ass-a ittifrir am tagut nni n tefsut. Akukru nni imuger acêal n tallit, di yal imen$i, assa ikkes. Seg wass amezwaru deg webrid n tissas i yella. Innu$ Öuman acku nitni begsen di tazwara ad kecmen Tamaz$a. Lmut nni n Makawsen tusa yasen d tawwurt akken ad kecmen Sirta. Nitni heggan, begsen, taggara ufan d Yugurten d axsim nsen. Abrid nni heggan t si zik, heggan arraw n Makawsen ad kerzen yissen. Lemmer ur ten heggan yili Aderbal ur d isuffu$ awalen nni zdat tejmaât n Senat ass-mi izger $er Öuma akken ad icetki. Inna yasen ass-en : "Tamurt d ayla nwen kenwi, nekwni d iqeddacen nwen ...". Afus degne$ i yella. Di 15 iseggwasen imen$i mgal Öuman, llant tikwal deg Yugurten iga ccek. Llant tikwal deg ifcel. Taggara, yal tikkelt ittaf tazmert $er zdat, ittaf afud amaynut i tnekra.

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TULLIANUM

Yugurten iteddu s taéeyt, knant tuyat, ger tiwu$a d uqejjem, alla$ is yunag akin $er wedrar n Awras, akin $er Sirta. Mi d itkaki ilmeéyen nni i d muger di tikli ines di yal ti$remt, iéra deg wul is ass-a iééa di Tmaz$a aéar n tnekra. Iéôa issa$ tafat n tnekra deg wulawen nsen. tafat nni ur nxessi. Iqqen allen is, iteddu am uder$al, avar deffir wayev. Marius, fella ucaôiv amellal i jebdent snat tyugwin igemren imellalen, iteddu $er tewrirt n Capitolinus. Iteddu akken ad yefk lwaâda, ad iééal, ad isizzel idammen i Jupiter. Ad as yerr lxiô…

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4. Di Tullianum Mi tewev tikli n triomphe $er Capitolinus, Marius iééul taéallit is, isazzel idammen n yezgaren n at wacciwen. Isawev leb$i-s. Imeêbas Imazi$en akw d wid n tmura nniven, nehôen ten $er iderbaz anida llan. Azekka nsen yiwen, d aberkan : ad nzen d aklan ne$ ad ten yeçç ujenwi ne$ yizem deg wuraren n circus di Öuma. Ff$en si tudert. Yugurten sudren t $er lêebs Mamertinum, d abrid $er tesraft n Tullianum, akin ddaw tewrirt n Capitolinus, deg yixef n Via sacra. Qbel ad gren Yugurten deg yimi36 ufella n tesfrat nni, fsin as tixelxalin n wuzzal, kksen as icettiven is, rnan jerêen t mi yas d qeccmen timengucin nni n wure$ seg imeééu$en is. Inîer $er tlemmast n tesraft tasemmaî, d aâryan akken t id turew yemma-s, imeééu$en teddun d idammen...

I $ezzifev a yiv ! Tillas d usemmiv zeg$en tasraft nni deg yekcem Yugurten.

36

Imi n tesraft Tullianum izzi, injer deg weéru aberkan, tehri-s (diamètre) = 0,61 m ; tiddi n tesraft (hauteur) = 3,53 m (= 12 pieds romains)

Taggara n Yugurten

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Tebrek akw d yir tariêt rennunt as ugar a$ilif i wemviq nni. Tasraft nni telli d imi-s si ddaw tmurt zun d talafsa. Ur yuki mi d yufa iman-is iglalez adda, di tlemmast n tesraft. Mi yas d bran si tama ufella, ur iéra i$li d $ef uqerru-s ne$ $ef ivaôôen is. Iqqim, inzef. Tariêt nni i t id iwten $er tanzarin is, tesmekta yas d ifran nni n Taza, ifran nni anida zeg$en yizmawen. Yugurten iccarew. Iééel afus-is, yufa t ééay zun d azduz. £as kksent txelxalin n wuzzal i t yurzen acêal n waguren, yuki yas i tesmev nni nsent. Imekta d anida yella. Akken iqqim ur as yufa udem. Teqseê d tesmev n iseddaôen nni gan as d ineccaben deg weksum is. Iééel ivaôôen is, yufa yerra t id udernu n weéru. Tigecrar qiment kerfent. Ur iéôa llint wallen is ne$ qqnent. Ur iéra amek i yas d tegwra i yiéer is.

Ur iéra d ass ne$ d iv, tezzint deg walla$ is. Tebrek nni n

Tullianum akw d tillas nni rnant tidder$elt i tidder$elt. Iqqim, isusem. Yuki yas i tesmev tu$ agwlim is. Isers afus is $ef idmaren is, yufa ur illa ucettiv, ur tella tselsa. Igwra-d akken d ilul si taâbbuî n yemma-s. Iself i wudem is, yuki i wfus is yulwa$, iêma d si tnalit nni. Idim irennu iteddu deg imeééu$en is, yuder akwessar, iga d targa $er tuyat is. Yugurten iwet ad d itkaki. Acêal aya i yella di tesraft agi ? Imir kan ? D ussan, ne$ d aguren ? Ur d yufa. Xeôbent deg walla$ is. Tariêt nni tazefrant n tesraft terna t$eééa t ugar di tinzert is. Tariêt nni tesmekta yas d tadyant nni, ass-mi yevfer izem neppa d

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imeddukal is, Ameqran akw d Gider, di teégi n Taza, tiégi n wagdel deg wedrar n Awras. Yugurten itkaki d tadyant nni, iéeô itt, zun tella d zdat waîîawen is : - " ... mi ya$ inser yizem nni tikkelt tamezwarut, neooa din imeddukal, wid iddan yid-ne$. Nuzzel, nu$ abrid deg yezra yizem nni. Nedda acêal, izem yufeg, ur d iban lateô is. Nezzi i teégi, nekka yas tama ufella, nerna tama wadda, ur illa yizem, yucka. Nerna tikli $er zdat, syen ners. Neqqen igemren nne$ d$a nedda $ef uvar ger isekla n wagdel akw d umada$. Mi nuli asawen, newwev $er yiwen weslav, nufa dinna llan iceôfan, llan ifran. Negguni tiremt, ur d intiq wefôux, ur d ineggez wewtul. Tasusmi nni tdel amviq nni, tesberber as zun d asalu n wedfel yessan. Ameqran akw d Gider zzin d s-wadda, nek lli$ tama ufella. èôi$ ten mi bedden akin. Se$le$ asen s uneccab inu akken ad asen ini$ : "nek ad kecme$ $er yefri nni illan zdat-i, nitni ad bedden $ef imannsen". Gider irra yi d s yi$il is, zun akken inna d : "keç zwir, nekwni ad d nergel abrid n wadda". Ddi$ snat tsuraf kan ger yeblaven mi $li$ $ef yimi n yefri. Amruj nni n yifri yella iffer it udafal, ivres fell-as zun d azeîîa. Illa deg wawal : "ifri n yizem, $as d ilem isagwad". Mi skecme$ aqerru-w di tewwurt n yifri i yi d tewwet tariêt nni $er tinzarin iw, tariêt nni taqesêant, tazefrant. Mi d rri$ iman-iw $er deffir akken ad nefse$ abeêri azedgan i d ineggez kra zdat-i, iffe$-ed ger

Taggara n Yugurten

99

TULLIANUM

igenni akw tmurt, yufeg akin am wavu $er tama n teégi. Imir, nek ur éri$ tigert. Uki$ kan i wavu ameqran, « huuufff ! , i kra ihucc iyi, icrew i$il-iw, syen ivegger iyi akin $er weslav n tnicca. Mi d uki$, ufi$ d iman-iw éle$, ger Gider akw d Ameqran, aqerru-w icudd s ucettiv n tejbirt umageraman. Mi serse$ afus iw $ef uqerruw, uki$ i êamu n idammen nni...". Tesmev nni n tesraft tebda tkeççem deg i$san n Yugurten. Iccarew. Isferfed i weksum is, iêukk i$allen is s ifassen is akken ad isen$es tisuqqas usemmiv nni. Tadyant nni n yizem terna degs anezgum. Itkaki d imeddukal is n teméi. Gider, Ameqran, anida llan ass-a ? Di tesraft nni, izirig areqqaq n tafat i d yudren akin si tegnawt ibda iselles. Iéôa nni n tesraft i yas d izzin bdan netlen yiwen yiwen. Ur ifrin ma d ass i yeffalen akin i yi$il am yal tameddit ne$ d iéri-s neppa wumi ddalent tillas, ibda ittder$il. Iqqen aîîawen is, ifka tameééu$t ad isel i wayen i yas d izzin. Ur illa ûut, ur illa wawal. Yuki i yiman-is Inîel d ameddur. Tuli d tkuffirt degs, inteq $er yiman-is : - " Nek, Yugurten n At Yiles, aqli di tesraft n Öuma, neîle$ ddaw tmurt, twarze$ avar afus...". Di ta$ect is ur d iffis ûûut. Ikref-ed tigecrar is, iskwer iman-is akken ad as in$es usemmiv, ma d alla$ is izger, yunag akin i yilel, akin i idurar, akin i wza$ar n tmurt is.

Taggara n Yugurten

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TULLIANUM

Yugurten irra tamu$li $er deffir, $er wussan ineggura. Ussan nni tezzin zdat wallen is, tezzin rennun : timlilit n Tza$art, Buxuc, Sulla, dabar, Iôumyen zzin as d am wejôad, idammen, tisusaf, uzzal, tixelxalin, yir awal... Yugurten iîîef aqerru-s ger ifassen-is, iwwet ad ikkes deg walla$ is ayen akw iéeô di tedyant deg yella, taggara tixelxalin nni n wuzzal aéayan rrant ed tamu$li-s $er wemkan nni deg yella. Maççi di targit i yettargu. Islef i ifassen is, i ivaôôen is, ur iéôa illa ne$ ur illa wuzzal. Ayen i yesnedfen ul-is ugar ur illa d tadyant ivran yides, tufa t id assa iîîef tama wadda zdat ucengu Aôumi. Tidett, neppa tu$ it innum tilufa, innum akwessar d usawen, innum uguren seg wass-mi i t id turew yemma-s. Isers afus is $ef idmaren is d tuyat is, islef i weksum is, yuki i cwami nni n tyitwin uneccab, tiyitwin ujenwi ne$ ucangal. £as llant cwami nni deg weksum is, $ures am zun ur llant. Acêal imen$iyen deg yella, deg yewwet, deg yeçça tiyita, taggara yufrared di yir tallit. Ajraê n tyita acengu iqqaz iêellu... Ayen i yesnedfen ul-is ass-a, d tiyita nni i yas d ikkan si deffir, seg idammen is. Ifka awal, ifka laman akken ad imlil neppa akw d Sulla37. Ad imlil akken ad d afen tawwurt n tifrat netta akw d Iôumyen, Buxuc38 ad yili d inigi. Taggara teffe$ tedyant akken nniven.

37

Cornelius Sulla : ilul di -138 , ifka t id Öuma di -108 (questeur) $er Numidya n

wagmuv, ddaw leêkem n Marius. D neppa i d iyurzen Yugurten, s ufus n Buxuc.

Taggara n Yugurten

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TULLIANUM

Ilmend deg ad tili d timlilit n tifrat, timlilit n Tza$art s ufus n Buxuc, taggara tu$al d yir targit. Aveggal is, d idammen n warraw is, ifka afus degs, izenz-it i Öuman. Akken i yas iwzen Yugurten ur as yufa ixef is. Di tazwara dduklen netta akw d Buxus, sdukklen tazmert nsen d laâsker nsen, nnu$en Iôumyen di yal amkan, di Sirta ne$ anida nniven. Taggara tunef, ... Amek iwwev Buxuc ad izenz aveggal is, a t iger ger tucar Iôumyen ? Yugurten ur as yufa tawwurt. Itkaki d awal nni zik : "tixsi d idammen is i tt in$an". Acêal n Imazi$en am neppa i d igwran di tesrafin ne$ di leêbus n ¨Öuman, muten ne$ nzan d aklan. Yugurten yufa ur illa d amezwaru di tedyant agi. Itkaki d wid akw illan yides deg imen$iyen, wid i d îîfen Iôumyen, cudden ten id d aklan $er tmurt nsen. Itkaki d da$en tadyant n ugellid Sifaks39, itwacudd am neppa di tmurt n ¨Öuman. Iîîef it id Masnsen akw d Consul Laelius deg imen$i n Sirta. Sifaks immut d a$rib di te$remt n Tibur40, di tmurt n Öuman. £as Sifaks yenfa, ikkr-

38

Buxus (Bocchus) : agellid n Muôetanya (Tamaz$a utaram / Meôôuk akw d tmurt n

wehran n wass-a). 39

Agellid Sifaks (Syphax) : immut d ameêbus di tmurt n ¨Öuman, di te$remt n

Tibur. D Masnsen akw Laelius i t id iîîfen di Tmaz$a, deg imen$i wis sin ger Carthage, di yiwet tama, akw d Öuman d Imazi$en di tama nniven (2eme guerre punique). Masnsen imal $er Öuman, Sifaks imal $er Carthage. 40

Tibur (tura isem is TIVOLI), d tamdint n Ïelyan, tezga d 32 km akin, agmuv

("Est") n Öuma.

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ed mm-is, Awernin41, ise$zef imen$i mgal Masnsnen. Tamurt tamazi$t teqqim tebva $ef sin. Izirig nni n tafat iselles. Yugurten iskwer iman-is di te$mert, aqerru ger ifassen, iqqim igguni. Iger tamu$li i yiseggwasen ineggura izran : -"Tadyant i ya$ d isawven $er dagi, aéar is illa si zik n zik. Nu$ tanumi, ar d in$el ubuqal i nettu$al i tuzzma. Di yal tallit, ussan izran am zun ur nessin a nelmed segsen. £urne$, ayen izran iwwi t wavu. Yal tikkelt ad as nu$al s wadda am zun imir kan i d nlul. Ugur ameqran nne$ : nesim$ur tin n gar-ane$ armi d tidder$elt deg ur néer uguren i ya$ d izzin, uguren n tlisa, uguren n beôôa. Yal tikkelt akka. Win d yusan si beôôa izmer ad ikrez yis-ne$ ma yufa tasarut n iceqqiq nne$ : ta$ennant nni yellan gar-ane$ si zik n zik. Ass-mi yemmut babat-ne$ Makawsen, $ille$ wven d wussan deg nezmer a nbeddel udem i Tmaz$a. Nwi$ ad as neddukel i twizi tameqrant, ad d nesakwi ilmeéyen n tmurt, a nebnu ti$remtin, a nenjer iberdan, a n$ez tiregwa d isaffen i waman ad awven timura, ad swen yigran. N$il tamussni tella, i$allen llan. Taggara teffe$ targit tezleg. Yir tagmatt tetôué ifadden. Mazal yekkaw uéekka n babat-ne$ Makawsen, atmaten-iw Hiemsal akw d Aderbal begsen i tlufa.

41

Awernin = Vernina (s tlatinit), mmi-s n Sifaks.

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TULLIANUM

Ilmend a nemyefk tayett, ad nekker i tmurt, nitni heggan tifxett. D nek, gmat-sen, i d ufan d acengu nsen maççi de laé d cwal yellan ger tmura n Tmaz$a. Nitni kkren d deffir ugadir, di liser d tawat, d$a tamu$li nsen tu$al ed kan ansi d yu$al ugadir i yasen d izzin di Sirta. Kkren deg wudi d tamemt, di tavutt, ugaden ad asen tekkes. Ur ffi$en, ur kcimen timura n Tmaz$a ne$ tid n medden, ur gan imen$i, ur ten tu$ deg tedyant anida a rgagin i$esmaôen nsen, anida ad teffe$ seg-sen tidi tasemmaî. Ilmend deg ad cemôen i i$allen nsen, nitni fran ad qimen di êamu d tiéeîî n tamemt deg u$en tanumi ass-mi illa babat-nne$. Ass-mi llan, Aderbal akw d Hiemsal di tattalt, nek gezme$ Tamaz$a seg yixef $er yixef, seg wagmud ar utaram, seg wanéul ar ugafa. Zegre$ isaffen, zegre$ idurar, ulac ti$remt ur kcime$, ulac taddart ur ssine$. Anida kki$ d atmaten iw, axxam kecme$ d axxam iw. Yal tikkelt s mraw ifassen i yi d tmagaren. Zegre$ ilel $er tmurt n Sbanya, kecme$ di tôad n Numance, tama n laâsker n Öuman, nemyefk tayett, neçça a$rum asemmav, necrew tidi d idammen. Imir Iôumyen llan d imeddukal nne$, maççi am assen am ass-a. Di Numance, isem n Tmaz$a yuli yas yise$. Deg imen$i, anida terki, anida tegguma ad tefru tyita, d nek wu$ur d idellu Scipion. Mi nekcem annar, a neg afernas deg wcengu. Dinna di Numance, nesdukel tamussni nne$ di trad akw d tin nelmed $er Öuman, rnat d afud i yise$ n ilmeéyen Imazi$en i wwi$ yidi. Nefka iqerra nne$ i wudem n yise$ n tmurt nne$.

Taggara n Yugurten

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TULLIANUM

Ass-mi tefra tin n Numance, mi nekker ad d nu$al, zdat laâsker d izzin i ya$ d inna Scipion awalen ineggura : "kenwi laâsker n Tmaz$a, tefkam a$ d tayett, tefkam iqerra nwen i tifrat n imen$i n Numance, i tem$er n Öuma. Tzegrem d ilel akken ad d tegrem afus deg imen$i tama nne$. Ass-a, azekka Öuma ur itettu ayen tgam di tmurt dagi. ...". Neéra awal n Scipion anida isawev ass-a. Ass-mi d nu$al si Numance, imeddukal nne$ immuten din ur ten nettu. Mi d nu$al kan, nezzi d i tmurt, neéra imawlan n yergazen i neooa-n akin i yilel. D lmut nsen i yernan azal i tmurt n Tmaz$a ; ise$ ameqran, d idammen nsen nitni i t id iwwin i Makawsen." Tasusmi nni idlen Tullianum terna d amur is n tebrek i tillas, i taéeyt u$em$um nni. Idammen nni sebken $ef tuyat is, rnan d tesmev i weksum is. Yugurten ikna, iger afus is ad d innal ixelxalen nni n wuzzal i t yurzen. Isferfed ifassen ivaôôen, ur llan ixelxalen nni. Isarem ad ten yaf akken ad ten yeg d imwansen. Yu$al as i wsaru nni n tmeddurt is : "- Tiyita taneggarut n Buxuc, $as uki$ as, tugar itt tin d ikkan s$ur watmaten iw. Tiyita n Hiemsal, Aderbal, Masiwen akw d Gawda sfeclent iyi. Terna d tin n Bumelxir d timsislit. Ilmend tagmatt a d tili d tagejdit wu$ur ad isenned win imdeôkalen, taggara yir tagmatt terna d a$ilif.

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Akka si zik, seg wass-mi tebda ddunit, tamurt nne$ ur as tufa ixef is. Si zik n zik, di yal tallit nekwni neôwa akwessar d usawen akken a nesbedd tilisa n tmurt nne$. Nezga d ger sin icenga. Yiwet tama d Öuman, yiwet tama d Caôthage i yegren tuccar is di tmurt nne$ acêal iseggwasen aya. I sin nsen sekcmen a$ di tlufa yellan gar-asen. Tikkelt d wa, tikkelt d win. Tôad42 ameqran amezwaru d illan gar-asen acêal iseggwasen aya, ikker $ef tegzirt n Sisilya43. Ass-mi tefra gar-asen, Öuman iêella d Sisilya, irna d tigzirin nniven, Sarda akw d Kursa. Carthage ur illa d tamurt. Carhage yusa d am timmist deg weksum t Tamaz$a. Di tazwara-s d ti$remt bnan Ifniqen zdat illel Agrakal. Sme$ren akal is s udegger n tlisa di tmurt nne$. Si tkemmict nni n wakal n Tmaz$a akw d tmussni nsen i waman d ibabuôen, u$alen d ixûimen i Tmaz$a, syen tazmert nsen tesim$ur armi u$alen d axûim i Öuman. £as adabu nsen nitni, amur ameqran n imnayen d ifellaêen, $as ini d Imazi$en akken llan. Carthage iîîef tamurt n Tmaz$a s ufus n tarwa n Tmaz$a ! Di tôad wis sin i yekker jedd-i Masnsen, ifka tayett i ¨Öuman, dduklen $ef uqerru n Carthage. 42

1ere Guerre, ger Öuma d Carthage (-264 ar -241) ; 2ème Guerre Punique

(218 ar -202) ; 3ème Guerre Punique (-149 ar -146). 43 Sisilya (sicile) , Sarda (Sardaigne) ; Kursa (Corse).

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Di tedyant nni i d iban wudem n tidett n Tmaz$a : tamurt tebva ur teddukel. Di yiwet tama d Tamaz$a (Numidya) n ugellid Masnsen, di tama nniven d Tamaz$a (Muretanya) n ugellid Sifaks. Lemmer dduklen igelliden, myefken tayett, yili Carthage ad inger. Lemmer dduklen, Öuman ad yerr avar, ad ikukru ad d isekcem iman-is di tmurt nne$. Akka i tella. Di tôad wis sin, Masnsen idda d Öuman, Sifaks idda d Carthage. Tama tekka di tayev. Masnsen ikcem ti$remt n Sirta, Sifaks icudd di snasel. Ta$ennant nni yellan ger sin igelliden, ilmend deg a teffer, a tenger, taggara tesban ed udem is i Öuman. Si tedyant nni, éran zemren, $er zdat, zemren ad uraren akken b$an s beîîu nni yellan ger Tmaz$a/Muretanya akw d Tmaz$a/Numidya. Tamurt yiwet, laûel yiwen, iles yiwen, igelliden tebva ten tismin akw d t$ennant. D tadyant nni imezwura i ya$ d isawven $er wanda nella ass-a. Beîîu ger Masnsen d Sifaks imir icba beîîu yellan taggara ger Yugurten akw Buxuc. £as akken necrek idammen, tabaâuct nni n t$ennant tkefl ed si ddaw tmurt, tesazzel idammen, tesawv ed Yugurten $er Tullianum..." Tasusmi nni n tesraft tsers-ed fell-as a$em$um. Ger wussan nni ineggura seg d ipwaîîef ger ifassen n Iôuùmyen, abrid nni $ezzifen si Tmaz$a armi d Öuma, anida ur izmir ad iqqen tiî is si herwel imsulta, ass-a $as ini yufa yas talwit di tesraft. Yuki yas i

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walla$ is yers am win akken teffe$ tawla. Tasusmi nni tga yas d tafat deg walla$ is ilmend n tafat n tafukt ur iéeô. D izirig nni n tafat d ikkan seg yimi ufella n tesraft i yas d isbanen yuli wass. Ur iéra igen ne$ ur igen. Akken iskwer iman-is i d yufa imanis tafejrit. - "èeô kan ! Ayen akw i sarme$, ass-a teffe$ tirga tezleg. Acêal iseggwasen aya i neôwa akwessar d usawen nekwni di tôad n Öuman. Ansi i yasen d nekka, ad a$ d zzin ansi nniven. Ur tella tewrirt, ur illa wegni deg ur uzzilen idammen. Öuman skecmen tuccar nsen di tmurt nne$ si zik n zik. Ulac tuzzma fell-asen. Lemmer ur ufan afus degne$, yili ur d keççmen tamurt, ur en t$imin din. Afus degne$ kan i yella. D ayen ur neffir. D win i ten iskecmen $er Tmaz$a i yi d iskecmen $er tesraft agi deg lli$ ass-a. Öuman, si zik nsen, anekcum n tmura n medden illa yasen deg idammen.

Ur tella tama i ooan.

Akken bnan Öuma, saherwen

tamurt nsen di Uôupa, ukin iman-nsen zemren, zegren ilel Adriatik, syen zegren d ilel Agrakal44. Di tazwara d$a qesden d ad nna$en kan nitni d leêkem n Carthage, nekwni ur a$ d wiven. Di tazwara nsen, deg webrid u$eééu di leqrun izran, imezwura nsen, di tagelda n Sabin45 iêekmen Öuma, gan as talast i wnekcum n tmura n medden. Maççi d adway kan, d imen$i kan. Nnan zik, qbel 44

Ilel Agrakal : mer Méditerranée

45

Igelliden Sabin (icban Ancus Martius), imezwura illan zed$en Öuma.

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ad kecmen yiwet tmurt, u$en tanumi zewiren s wawal qbel ad awven imen$i s uneccab d ujenwi. D agwerram nsen, win illan d am$ar, ne$ amedyaz ameqran, i zewiren akken a sen illi tiwwura n tmurt n medden. Nnan : agwerram ad iddu ar talast n tmurt nni i qesden i tôad akken a tt kecmen, ad i$um aqerru-s s uqelmun, syen ad iger ti$ri, a sen yini: - "sel iyi d a Öebbi ameqran (Jupiter), selt i yi d a wid d isellen n tmurt agi, aqli deg webrid n lêeq, ayen suture$ d wa ...". Mi yessuli awal is ugwerram nni , syen ad iddu deg wakal n tmurt nni ar d imager deg webrid is amezda$ amezwaru n tmurt nni, ad as yales ayen d inna di talast mi d izger. Ad irnu ad iddu. Mi yewwev $er tlemmast n tmurt nni, di tlemmast n tejmaât tameqrant n yi$rem, ad yernu ad yini awalen d inna, syen ad d izzi, ad d yu$al $er tmurt n Öuma. Mi wven 33 wussan, walan ur d yu$al wawal n cceôt i widen iqsed, agwerram nni ad yu$al tikkelt tis snat $er tejmaât nni, ad a sen yini : -"Sutre$ a wen d ayen wen d sutre$, maca awal $urwen ur t nesla. Ass-a tewwev talast. Taggara, nek ad u$ale$ $er Öuma, ad ciwôe$ Iôebbiyen nne$ akw d im$aren nne$ akken ad a$ tt id frun." Mi yefra unejmaâ n yem$aren di Öuma, fran abrid n tôad d win kan, ad sutren i Iôebbiyen a ten allen, ad éallen taéallit n tôad. Syen, ad aznen agwerram nni ad yu$al. Mi yewwev talast n tmurt nni, ad iger ti$ri i webrid n tôad, syen ad isentu aneccab deg wakal nsen. Aneccab nni ad yili ir$a di tixeft, ivla s idammen. D abrid n tôad !

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Ger ass amezwaru d wass n tôad, imir izmer ad d yili webrid n tifrat ger Öuman akw d ixûimen nsen. Di yal tallit, ger tôad d talwit, llan iberdan maççi yiwen. Ass-a, Öuman ibeddel. Ur ifka azal i bab igenwan, ur issin abrid n talwit. Anida i ten tessawev tezmert nsen i d tekka talast nsen. Azal n talast $ef tebna tmeddurt, talast n wakal, n wawal, n tikli, nitni ur tt ssinen. Tga yasen am tlafsa nni ur nessin tawat. Illa deg wawal di tmurt nne$ : si zik n zik, talast tella ger wayen illan d wayen ur nella. Tilisa gan tent imdanen akken ad beddent, ad ilint gar-asen. I yal talast tella tse$lit is. Tise$lit nni tella kan i walla$, ur tella i tezmert ; tella kan akken ad tektaki i wemdan ansa i yas d tegzem. D$a, ula d izmawen d wuccayen di teégi tgen tilisa. Yal wa deg wemviq is. £as imdanen ur llan d uccanen ne$ d izmawen, si talast $er da i nek, si talast akin i keç. Yal yiwen d amur n we$bel is. Amkan deg ur llant tlisa, d nger kan i $ures d iteddun. Ugur, maççi s$ur Öuman kan i d ikka. Di tidett, tella degne$ si zik n zik. Illa wayen ilhan, illan wayen n dir. Akka ! Iseggwasen agi ineggura deg necrew temre$, deg neôwa akwessar d usawen deg imen$iyen d laâskeô n Öuman, wte$ ad as afe$ abrid is, ad as afe$ ddwa i wanda i tt nu$.

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Di tôad, Iôumyen ur a$ ifen irgazen, ur a$ ugaren tiôukza, ur a$ ifen tamussni. Ifen a$ di tuddsa46. Di tin i deg tettwa$ tmurt ! Di Numance47, di tmurt n Sbanya, i d ssne$ tamu$li n Öuman, amek éeôôen tamurt nsen, amek éeôôen timura n medden. Lli$ meééiye$, maca lli$ allen iw, sêeôce$ imeééu$en iw, di tallit nni n tôad mi nennu$ di Numance agellid Viriathe. Di tlemmast n at tmurt i tzemrev ad tissinev at tmurt nni. Di tlemmast n tôad i tzemrev a tissinev ugar imdanen. Di tlemmast n herwel, akken illa wemdan ad as d yefk udem is, udem n tidett. Ur illa wurar, ur llant tkellax. Di ddiq, yal yiwen akken illa wudem is i yella s timmad is. Izem ad d iban, awtul ur izmir ad intel. Abrid n Masnsen. Ugur ameqran d illan gar-i d watmaten iw, Aderbal akw d Hiemsal, simmal iééad deg yixf iw. Llant tikwal deg tegge$ a$ilif ilmend ur fki$ awal, ur qqime$ ayen ilaqen akken ad asen sfeôze$ ugar abrid éerre$, abrid ilaq a nevfer. Abrid agi ur illa d nek i yeôéan asalu ines ; abrid agi d abrid nni n jedd-i, agellid Masnsen. £as iban webrid, di tidett ivres, iffer, tedl-it tagut n iseggwasen.

46

47

Tuddsa = organisation (stratégie/discipline militaire) Di -134, Yugurten iffe$ si Tmaz$a, s laâskeô is, d abrid $er imen$i di Numance.

Ifka t ugellid Makawsen akken ad yefk tayett i Öuman mgal agellid Viriathe. D Scipion i yellan iêkem laâskeô n Öuman dinna di Numance.

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Lemmer yura Jedd-i Masnsen ayen iéer di tgelda nni ines, ayen d iteddun i Tmaz$a $er zdat, yili izmer ur a$ tverru akka. Mi yedder Masnsen, mi yemmut Masnsen, awal is, ayen inna, ayen iga, ayen iwehha, nekwni nelqev iten id d iceqfan. Lemmer yura adlis anida d yesefsi tiyersiwin, yili fell-a$ ad tifsis, abrid ad a$ d iban $er zdat. Yili da$ nek ad afe$ tagwest $ef ar a tekki$. Ad afe$ afud yes ad sdukle$ atmaten nne$ i twizi tameqrant. Tikwal, mar ad d tkaki$ tadyant tamezwarut i ya$ d iglan uguren imeqranen gar-ane$ segmi yemmut Makwasen, tafe$ amur ameqran si $urne$ i d tekka. Tilufa nni gara-ane$, nek, Hiemsal, Aderbal, izmer ur d ttilint, ur d tlalent. £as tuzzma ur salayent aman d asawen, tidett ur as gan talast. Ayen ilaq ad d yifrir ad yifrir. Nnig tidett ur illa. Deg wussan nni imezwura, deffir lmut n Makawsen, $as abrid ilaq a t nevfeô éerre$ t, maca ur d ufi$ amek a sen fke$ udem is i Hiemsal akw d Aderbal, am akken i t éerre$ nek. Abrid $ezzif, yezzi, asawen, akwessar, ma d nek iban iyi d iseggem, ibrez, d aza$ar. Akken i t éerre$ nek i nwi$ éerren t wid illan yidi, am Hiemsal, am Aderbal. Di tegwnitt nni n tlufa, ur qqime$ ayen ilaqen akken ad asen fke$ tamu$li-w, ad asen slemde$ tidett n webrid n Masnsen. Nekwni nbeddu deg wezlez qbel a nessali tallit umeyyez. Akka, syen mi ten$el ad as neqqim i tuzzma. Di tesraft agi n Tullianum deg lli$, ufi$ akken tetulles tesraft i tennerna tafat deg yeéri-w, i tu$ ugar deg walla$ iw. Ufi$ iman-iw

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éerrez Tamaz$a, feôze$ tt am win yulin taqacuct useklu iéerr-ed akwessar taferka. Ayen illan a t id iéer, izmer ad d ifren irden s tiî-is. Seg wass-mi yekker Masnsen, ikcem deg imen$iyen gar-as d Öuman ne$ Carthage, tikwal idda d wa, tikwal idda d win, tikli-s is di tidett yiwet kan i yellan : abrid is de win ar isherwen Tamaz$a, seg yixef $er yixef, ad ikkes isem n tfidi n Cartage ad d tu$al i Tmaz$a, ma d Öuman ad iwet akken ad iqqim akin i yilel, akin di tmurt is. Öuman d Carthage imir oehden i sin, myezmaren, ma d Tamaz$a am win d ikkren d ameéyan. Ilaq as ad yernu tiram akken a d yefk afud i yi$es is. A$ilif ameqran d beîîu nni tebva Tmaz$a $ef sin. Yiwet tama de Masnsen, yiwet tama d Sifaks. Yal wa ikkat ad isem$er iger is s uhuddu n wayev, s uhuddu n gma-s ! Tiddas agi, Masnsen ifhem-itent. Ifhem, win imbawlen, iccev, ad as imil lkil is. Di Öuma imir, am ass-a, llan sin « iderma » : win ib$an Tamaz$a ad tili d tamurt ioehden, agemmad i yilel, s ugellid is, ad d teqren Öuma di talwit. Illa wedrum wis sin ib$an ad isem$er iger n Öuma akin i yilel, akin i idurar ; adrum nni isarmen yal tamurt n ddunit ad d tu$al ddaw uzaglu nsen. Talast agi gara-asen nitni tella di tallit n Masnsen, n Makawsen, akw d tura. Yal tama tekkat ad tesmil Senat n Öuma $er webrid is. Di Carthage, Hamilcar Barca, Asdrubal, ne$ Hannibal kkren ad sme$ren tilisa nsen. Usan d am tfiri $ef tmurt n Tmaz$a. Ugar n 7

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leqrun si mi tebna Carthage deg wakal n Tmaz$a. Tella d takemmict n yexxamen, tu$al d ti$remt kan, syen tebna d tamurt. £as d tameéyant deg wakal, tessahrew, tesem$er di tezmert n laâsker is, deg wakal ne$ $ef aman. Imir, llan at Carthage llan kecmen tamurt n Sbanya, Sarda, Kursa. Simmal teddun, simmal siqriben $er Öuma. Tem$er nni, tikli nni $er idisan n Öuma, taggara tewi yasen d imen$i ameqran48 nitni n Öuman. Acêal d aseggwas, amennu$ ur ifra. Ti$mert deg tefra, ad d tekker di tayev. Deg imen$i nni gar-asen, Masnen ifhem ilaq as ad ikcem annar. Yal yiwen seg-sen, Öuma akw d Carthage, ib$a ad ismil Imazi$en $er tama-s, ib$a ad tallen Imazi$en deg imen$i mgal axsim is. Yal yiwen tiî is ib$a ad ikcem tamurt nne$. Urar nsen nitni, taggara-s $ef iqerra nna$. Tban am azal ! Di tôad ger Öuma akw d Carthage, abrid n Masnsen ibrez : ad izwir deg wexsim amezwaru, Carthage, win i yu$en aéar deg wakal n Tmaz$a si acêal n leqrun. Tamu$li-s akken ad iwet ad ise$li tazmert n Carthage, syen ad ikcem ti$remt. Di tama-s netta, d Carthage i d ti$remt isarem ad tili d ti$remt ugellid n Tmaz$a. Tella deg wakal n Tmaz$a, imezda$ is, amur ameqran d Imazi$en. Sirta $as tella, ur d teqrin Carthage. 48

Tôad wumi semman « les guerres puniques ». Tamezwarut (di -264 ar -241) ; tis snat

(di 218 ar -202), Masnsen innu$ degs-s ; di tis 3, taneggarut deffir lmut n Masnsen – (di -149 ar -146), Öuma ikcem Carthage, iser$ itt ; ihudd itt aéru aéru. Agellid Makawsen illa deg-s, innu$ netta d laâskeô is di tama n Öuman.

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D abrid nni i t yefkan ikcem annar n tôad di tama n Öuman. Mi yeîîef Masnsen adrum n Öuman, dinna kan Sifaks imal $er Carthage. Lemmer Masnsen imir idda d Carthage, yili Sifaks ad imil $er Öuma. Tismin rnu yas ta$ennant tamessast ! Akka Imazi$en ! Tamurt nsen tebva, yal yiwen tama yu$. Ilmend deg a dduklen, rnan beîîu i beîîu. £as izwar Masnsen ad ifru tamsalt n Carthage, akken ad d yerr akal n Tmaz$a i yeîîef udabu n Carthage, netta ur ikkis zdat wallen is ugur ameqran : öÖuman. Ifhem tazzla n Öuman $ures akken ad sen yefk tayett ad se$lin Carthage, maççi i lfayda n Tmaz$a ne$ i lfayda ines netta. Tikli n Öuman i lfayda nsen nitni : ad kksen acengu i yugaden ad yim$ur ugar, agemmad i yilel Agrakal. Syen, mi fran tin n Carthage, ad d zzin i tmura d ifergen Ilel Agrakal. Talast n öÖuman tella kan ansa i ten id terra tezmert nsen. Nekwni nezga d agemmad i waman, nbedd asen am l$erv i tyita. Akken ad iqabel Öuma tikkelt a tefru tin n Carthage, Masnsen ibna ad izwir di tid n wexxam. Ilaq as ad isdukkel tamurt si talast $er talast. A$ilif ameqran, tamurt tebva, iceqqiqen llan : sya d tiêdert n Carthage, syen d Sifaks, tama wadda n tiniri49 d a$eééu yal ass. Ur illa uqerru, ur tella talwit. Di tama nniven, Masnsen iwet ad iseméi tucerka netta d Öuma am akken isem$er tucarka netta d tmura nniven, icban Athena, tamurt n

49

Tiniri (tiniriwin) = seêra.

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Nnil. Amur ameqran d tinzin n yirden d teméin50 teddun deg ibabuôen $er Athena ne$ akin. Di Sirta simmal llan ugar n imdanen n Athena ; deg-sen wid itjaôen akw d wid iselmaden tussna n Hellena51. Di tallit nni yeffe$ yisem n Tmaz$a ugar. Di tmura teddun idrimen n Tmaz$a. Deg wurar ameqran n Athena52, izger baba, Mastanabal, illa di temsizzelt igemren deg wennar n Athena. D netta i d yeff$en d amezwaru. Tikli n Masnsen tedda ad tefk iéuran i tmurt, ad teééu tigejda i tlisa, ad tesnerni tamussni. Taggara, immut Masnsen ur isawev anida isarem. D abrid agi n Masnsen i wte$ a t id berze$, ad as zwi$ ta$ebbaôt nni n iseggwasen. £as ivres, tuli t tissist, abrid illa. Ur izmir yiwen ad iffer iîij s u$erbal. Abrid n jedd-i Masnsen éri$ d win n tidett. Gre$ avar-iw deg-s. Taggara, akken teffe$ teffe$.

50

Di -200, Masnsen yunez 200000 teqlalin (boisseaux) n yirden akw de 200000 t.

n temzin i laâskeô n ¨Öuman ; di -198, 20000 t. n yirden i Athena ; di -191, 300000 t. n yidren d 250000 t. n temzin i Öuma akw d 500000 t. n yirden d 300000 t. n temzin i Athena. Di -171, ifka i laâsler n Macedoine, 1000000 t. n yirden, irna yasen 11600 iqentaren i tmurt n Deliens. (s$ur Mouloud GAID, « Agellids et Romains en Berbérie, pp.55-56) 51

Culture grecque 52 Ger aseggwas -168 d -163. Uraren n Athena (festivités panathènes).

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Tagelda n Makawsen, tebda mi lli$ di tattalt, deg i$allen n yemma. Mi yemmut jedd-i, Makawsen ibedd d agellid. Ger watmaten is, baba Mastanabal akw d Gulusen yal yiwen taâkwemt iîîef deg wegraw. Ur d zin sin iseggwasen, am baba nni am Gulusen nni, mmuten i sin. Igwra d Makawsen. Deg imen$i wis 3 ger Carthage d Öuman, ikker Makawsen, deg webrid n Masnsen, innu$ di tama n Öuman. D win i d imen$i aneggaru i d iglan s uhuddu n Carthage. D ahuddu nni i yes iééa tuééal is Öuman deg wakal n Carthage, irra t d ayla-s. D win i d asurif amezwaru unekcum n Öuman $er Tmaz$a. Makawsen isusem i twa$it nni. Ur d ikkir ad iqabel Öuman. Iooa ten fkan im$i deg wakal nne$. D timmist nni deg idisan nne$, «akal n Öuman»53, i wu$ur teddu$ ad t kkse$. Ass-a aqla$ nettwarez. Ma nedder ur nemmut, tiwizi tameqrant ad as negf ass is. Aéru n tesraft ittarw-ed aman, irennu tesmev i tegres. Yugurten yuki i yi$san is simmal cerrwen tesmev nni. Akken iga ur as yufa talwit. Ikker, izwi iman-is, izzi i tesraft, irna izzi akken ad i iêmu, idda akka d wakka, feclen ivaôôen is, iqqim. Tesmev nni tezde$ it, tegguma ad teffe$ deg-s. Iqqumec di te$mert, isenned $er sin iéra akken ad isen$es tesmev i weksum is. Tikwal, yif teqreê tesmev. Udmawen n wid akw issen, 53

« province romaine » = ayen illan di tazwara d akal n Carthage si mi t ihudd Öuman di -146. Tamurt tu$al d ayla n Öuman di Tferka !

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win iêemmel, wid ur iêemmel, tezzin zdat wallen is. Tezzin zun llan ger igenni akw tmurt, di tafat n tafukt tamellalt. Nitni ur zmiren ad s siwlen, netta ur izmir ad sen isiwel. Llan wid wu$ur iééel i$il is zun ad ten id iîîef. I d immuger ufus is ala ilem n tesraft. Nitni ur d giren afus nsen, ur as d zzin udem nsen. Tu$al as tmu$li nni d anezgum. Idduqes, ikker, izwi iman-is, yu$al i wawal nni netta d yixef is : - « Nu$al i targit nekwni nuki ! A wer nesleb ! Ad kkre$, ad bedde$. Amdan ilul ed, turew it id yemma-s s ibeddi, fell-as ad ikker, ad ibedd, ad yazzel. Skud teteddu tefkert n wul, illa usirem $er zdat. Ma nedder, tamurt ad as neqqim. Nnan at zik : « akken triv $ezzifev a yiv, taggara ad yali wass ». Di tmu$li n tudert nne$ nekwni, nesdukel tudert n wid izran, am zun yid-ne$ i llan, tudert nne$ nekwni akw d tudert n wid d iteddun $er zdat. Di yal ass $urne$, win ibennun ad ibnu i wid d iteddun $er zdat, i warraw n warraw is, $as netta di ddiq i yella ; win ileqqmen iteééun, ad iééu isekla ar ad ççen wid ad d ifôuôxen $er zdat, $as netta ad izgel tiram. Amedyaz, win isefrun awal, di yal tamurt, awal is iteddu akin i wussan, akin i iseggwasen $er zdat, akken awal nni ad yili d taftilt i webrid di tagut n tmeddurt. Ma avar itôuéu asalu, izmer ad ifcel ne$ ad yaâyu ; awal isfal akin i tizi, iteddu irennu tirkelt i tmussni. Awal ur izmir yiwen ad t iqqen, ur izmùir yiwen ad t ikkes ma yu$ timura, iffe$ am wavu, yu$ idurar d izu$ar. Awal nni n tlelli, nek ufi$ t deg wallen n ilmeéyen nne$, di yal ti$remt i kecme$ di Tmaz$a, di yal taddart wu$ur unfe$. Yiwen ur izmir ad ikkes, ad isenger awal nni.

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Öuman $illen fran tadyant n tmaz$a si mi d skecmen Yugurten $er tesraft agi. Nek ad asen ini$ ur fran tigert. Ur illa yiwen Yugurten kan i sen d yusan d asennan deg weksum nsen. Yal ti$mert, yal ti$ilt, yal aza$ar, yal tawrirt ad afen Yugurten ibedd ed zdat nsen. Mi éri$ Marius iteddu $ef igemren imellalen, s ubeônus azeggwa$, zdat-i di tlemmast n Öuma, éri$ t am win ibedden ad ixbec igenni. Taéallit is ur tessirid ammus ameqran, ammus ugertil, ammus n yir i$il, n yir tazmert. £urne$, tissas rennun i win illan deg webrid n tissas. Ur llant tissas i win izegren ilel, iréa tilisa n tmurt n medden, ikcem tamurt nsen s uqeééul. Mi yi d skecmen Iôumyen seg yimi n tesraft n 3 turdas di tehri, nitni $illen d anîal i neîlen Yugurten. Kksen a$ilif nsen, wven anida sarmen. Nek $uri, anîar nni d neîre$ seg yimi n tesraft d talalit tis snat. Am lufan nni d ilulen si taâbbuî n yemma-s, izewr ed tiwu$a. Nek, awal iw ooi$ t in $er deffir i warraw n tmurt nne$. Awal iw iffe$, yu$ timura, izger akin i t$altin, ur izmir yiwen ad t yarez. Azekka, aseggwas iven, ne$ iseggwasen d iseggwasen $er zdat, $as awal iw izmer ad iffer, ad intel tallit ne$ ad tdel tagut, taggara ad d yawev wass deg ad d ifrari i tafat n tefsut…

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5. Tallit taneggarut Yugurten immut, deffir 6 wussan n laé d usemmiv. Suff$en t id si tesraft nni n Tullianum, win t akin, içça t wasif n Tiber, asif nni ikkan di tlemmast n Öuma. Sin warraw n Yugurten illan twarzen yides, ur iéra yiwen anida i d gwran. U nessin ismawen nsen, ur iban webrid u$en si tikli nni n Öuma. I$ba yisem nsen di tmurt n Öuman. Yugurten immut. Ugur ameqran deg webrid nsen, nwan ikkes asen i Öuman. Ufan abrid di tegwnitt, ééan tuééal nsen di Tmaz$a. Deffir Yugurten, snulfan d win sbedden d agellid : Gawda, gma-s n Yugurten s baba-s. Rran t d agellid am lexyal nni tebêirt akken ad kerzen yes. Nnan Gawda d abehlul kan, ur issin, ur iwzin, ur ixebbec ur i$eé. Tamurt n Tmaz$a gezmen tt, gezren tt, kkan yas i$isan di tlemmast. Amur ifka t Öuman i wgellid Buxus, rran as lxiô ilmend n tixubta-s, izzenz idammen is. Amur wis sin rnan t nitni akken ad sme$ren tamurt n Carthage (province romaine). Tegwra d tiêdert n wakal, akw d ti$remt n Sirta, yu$al as Gawda d agellid, ddaw ubeônus n Öuman ! D agellid ubeôwaq !

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Taggara, di snat turdas nni n wakal i d igwran i Gawda, ikcem Uôumi yal taferka ilhan, yal iger ilhan, yal ti$remt. Tamurt tbeddel udem. Di tallit nni, i$li d yiv $ef tmurt n Tmaz$a. Azaglu n Öuman iqqen i wacêal n leqrun $er zdat…

21/12/2008.

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6. Asaru umezruy • •

•

-264 ar -241 : tôad amezwaru ger Öuman d Carthage (1ere guerre punique) -218 ar -202 : tôad wis sin ger Öuman d Carthage (2eme guerre punique) ; Masnsen n At Yiles, illa d agellid n Tmaz$a ; innu$ si tama n Öuman. -149 ar -146 : tôad wis 3 ger Öuman d Carthage (3eme guerre punique) ; Makawsen innu$ si tama n Öuman ; thudd ti$remt n Carthage.

…… •

-158 (?) : Talalit n Yugurten di Tmaz$a D mmi-s n Mastanabal. Jedd-is d agellid Masnsen. Ikkr-ed di Sirta (Constantine, Qsentina di Lezzayer).

•

-148 : Immut ugellid Masnsen di Sirta. Makawsen (Micipsa) yu$al d agellid n Tmaz$a. Llan yid-es watmaten is : Mastanabal (baba-s n yugurten), Gulusen, Masgaba, Bogud.

•

-134 : Yugurten izger ilel $er Sbanya, s laâsker is, i tôad n ti$remt n Numance. Ifka t Makawsen, innu$ tama n Öuman, ger laâsker n jiniral Scipion.

•

-118 : Makawsen, agellid n Tamaz$a, immut di Sirta. Iooa d tamurt i sin warraw is, Aderbal, Hiemsal, akw d Yugurten, mmi-s n gma-s Mastanabal. Si mi yemmut Makawsen, tekker gar-asen. Llan da$ di lweôt, Masiwen, mm-is n Gulusen akw d Gawda, gma-s n Yugurten s baba-s.

•

Hiemsal, immut di ti$remt n Tuga, deg imen$i netta d laâskeô n Yugurten.

•

-116 : Öuman ibva tamurt $ef sin ger Aderbal akw d Yugurten; ti$remt n Sirta tedda deg wmur n Aderbal

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•

Yugurten ikcem tamurt n Aderbal. Aderbal irwel $er Öuma akken ad isuter laânaya nsen.

•

Öuman n$an Masiwen (Massiva), mm-is n Gulusen, di ti$remt n Öuma, si mi d iffe$ si Senat. Sbabben lmut is i Yugurten, nnan as « iôéa laânaya n Öuman (legatio) di tlemmast n Öuma !». D taêilett akken ad simsen Yugurten, ad as sbibben tamgeôt. D tasebbiwt akken ad kecmen tamurt.

•

-112 : Yugurten ikcem Sirta, in$a dinna s laâsker is Aderbal. Yugurten isdukel tamurt. Si tedyant nni yu$al d acengu n Öuman.

•

-112 ar -105 : Ikker tôad ger Yugurten akw d Öuman. Iqubel 4 Ifesyanen imeqranen (Consul) iêekmen laâskeô n Öuman si -112 armi d -105 : Calpurnius Bestia, Postumius Albinus, Cecilius Metellus, Caius Marius (illa yides Cornelius Sulla),

•

-105 : Cornelius Sulla, afesyan illan ddaw Marius, yurz-ed Yugurten. Icudd it id. Izenz it i Öuman uvegwal is Buxuc, agellid n Muôetanya, Tamaz$a utaram (Meôôuk akw d wmur ataram n Leääayer), seg wasif n Melwen akin.

•

- 105 (taggara) : Marius izu$r ed di tlemmast n Öuma, di tikli n "Triomphe", Yugurten akw d sin warraw is, cudden s txelxalin n wuzzal.

•

- 104 (yennayer) : ◊ Yugurten immut di Öuma, si 6 wussan n laé, fad d usemmiv di tesraft n Tullianum. Di laâmeô is azal n 54 ( ?) iseggwasen. ◊ Gawda yu$al d agellid n Tmaz$a, ddaw laânaya n Öuman. ◊ Sin warraw n Yugurten uckan ; ur iéra yiwen anida i d gwran.

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7. Amezruy n TULLIANUM Lêebs Mamertine54 (Mamertinum Carcere) illa di ¨tlemmas n Öuma, tama n Capitole. Di tama wadda n lêebs i tella tesraft Tullianum. Mamertinum ibna t ugellid Ancus Marcius di lqern wis VII zdat Aâisa. D amkan deg anida ttwarzen yergazen, anida ttwaxenqen, ne$ anida mmuten si laé icenga (yaâdawen) n Öuman. Ger wid ittwassnen, wid immuten din, illa Yugurten di yennayer 104, Vercingetorix, agellid n igulwaten (Fôansa), xenqen t din deg wseggwas -46 mi wven 14 iseggwasen ideg t ooan dinna d

54

« Ce qui reste maintenant du Carcer est la partie la plus intérieure et la plus secrète du cachot. De l’église S. Giuseppe dei Falegnami (St Joseph des Charpentiers), un escalier moderne conduit à l’édifice antique dont la façade en travertin date du début de l’époque impériale. Derrière, on trouve une façade plus ancienne. La cellule supérieure de la prison est une pièce trapézoïdale, voûtée, de 5 m sur 3 environ, reposant sur le roc, avec une hauteur de 5 m au point le plus élevé. La cellule inférieure, le Tullianum, est entièrement construite en blocs de pépérin, assemblés sans mortier, de forme conique, avec le sommet plat. Dans le roc, une ouverture de 70 cm (encore visible) la relie à la cellule supérieure. En l’absence de porte, c’est par ce trou que les condamnés étaient précipités. Sur le côté qui regarde le Forum, il y avait un égout de près de 2 m et près du mur opposé à l’égout, un puits. Les blocs de tuf utilisés ici permettent d’avancer la date de la seconde moitié du IIe siècle av. J.-C. D’illustres personnages périrent ici – une inscription moderne gravée à droite de la porte d’entrée rappelle leur nom - comme Jugurtha, en 104 av. J.-C., pendant que défilait au Forum le cortège triomphal de son vainqueur, Marius. Notons l’humour de Jugurtha, qui une fois précipité par ses bourreaux dans le Tullianum, leur lança : «Comme votre bain est froid, Romains!» En 63 av. J.-C., les conjurés, amis de Catilina, y furent étranglés. En 46 av. J.-C., Vercingétorix y fut également étranglé après le triomphe de César. La prison ne se composait pas seulement des deux cachots décrits. Au-delà, sur la pente du Capitole, se trouvaient d’autres pièces, les Lautumiae. Elle était encore en activité dans la dernière moitié du IVe siècle. C’est au Moyen-Age qu’elle prit le nom de Mamertine. »

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ameêbus. Nnan da$ dinna i twarzen St Pierre akw d St Paul, si mi d ikcem ddin n Aâisa $er Öuma. Di lqern wis IV deffir Aâisa, lêebs nni hudden t si tama ufella, bnan as tamesgida "S. Giuseppe dei Falegnami" (Sidi Yusef n ineooaôen). Ayen d igwran ass-a di lêebs Mamertinum, d ayen illan di tlemmast is, d Tullianum nni. Akken tella tesraft nni zik nni i tella ass-a, bnan as kan tiseddaôin si tama akken ad adren medden $er tesraft, ad éuôen amkan nni. Rnan ssan as, sulin d agwens d asawen. Si 3,53 m n tiddi, gwran d kan 2,0 m. Ass-a, izmer ad ibedd wemdan deg-s. Awal n Salluste $ef Tullianum55 :

"Mamertine Carcere d lêebs illan ddaw tmurt, degs sin wannagen. Tama wadda, tasraft Tullianum, tedrem, izzi yas d ugadir, iqba s weéru. Yiwen yimi si tama ufella i d tawwurt is, zun d imi n wecbali. D amkan ixlan, irtem, yumes, itulles, isaggwad."

55

C'était une prison souterraine à deux étages. Selon l'historien Salluste : « Elle contient une salle basse, nommée Tullianum, qui s'enfonce à douze pieds sous terre. Elle est fermée de murs épais et couverte d'une voûte de pierre. C'est un cachot malpropre, obscur, infect, dont l'aspect a quelque chose d'effrayant et d’horrible. » (Salluste)

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Tikli n Triomphe di Öuma (si Campus Martius armi d Capitolus) : Tikli di tlemmast n ti$remt Öuma tedda seg wennar Campus Martius, d abrid $er tewrirt n Capitolinus, akken ad iééal din Consul ameqran. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9.

Campus Martius (Champ de Mars) Circus Flaminus Porte Triomphale (Pomerium) Forum Boarium (>> isem is "Piazza Bocca della verita") Circus Maximus Palatin (izzi i Palatinus) Via sacra (Voie sacrée) Clivus capitolinus (tazribt yulin $er Capitole) Capitolinus (Capitole).

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Via sacra (voie sacrée) di tlemmast n Forum Romanum : Iblaven $ef idda Yugurten ; abrid aneggaru n « Tikli n Triomphe » $er tewrirt n Capitolinus, qbel ad tegren $er Tullianum.

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Gare Centrale Stazione TERMINI

Colisée Museo Central dei Risorgimento

Abrid n Capitole

Via dei Fori imperiali Carcere Mamertinum Tullianum tamesgida

Abrid n Colisée (Colosseo)

Tullianum di Öuma (30 mn n tikli uvaô si Gare/StazioneTermini).

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Taganit zdat tewwurt n Tullianum ; akin $er deffir d « Agadir (arc de triomphe) n Septime Severe

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Öuma di 2008 : Lêebs Mamertine carcere. Tama ufella d tamesgida S. Giuseppe dei Falegmani, ddaw-as d carcere Mamertine, ddaw as d Tullianum.

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Tawwurt n Tullianum. £ef amnaô, yura deg weéru : « MAMERTINUM ET TULLIANUM ». Deffir wefrag, $er zelmev, llant tseddaôin $er tesraft.

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Imi n tesraft tullianum, tamu$li si tama ufella. Imi injer deg weéru aberkan, di tehri-s (∅) = 61 cm. Ifreg s wuzzlan.

Imi n Tullianum, tamu$li si tama wadda, di tlemmast n tesraft.

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Iéra ugadir n Tullianum.

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8. IDLISEN (Bibliographie) 1. Salluste, Gaius Sallustius Crispus, "La Guerre de Jugurtha" (Yugurthinum Bellum), trad. du latin par Alfred Ernout, ed. Les Belles Lettres, 1941 et réédition en 1974 et 2002 (France) ; et "Grand Alger Edition" (GAL), édition. 2005 (Algérie) 2. C. Salluste, La Conjuration de Catilina, Les Belles Lettres, ed. 2003 3. Tite-Live, Histoire romaine, la fondation de Rome, Les Belles Lettres, ed. 2005 4. Houaria KADRA, Jugurtha, un berbère contre Rome, Edition Arlea, Paris, 2005 5. Mouloud GAID, Aguellids et Romains en Berbérie, ENAL – OPU, Alger 1985. 6.

Plutarque : Biographies de Marius et de Sylla, in Les Vies des hommes illustres, Furne et Cie Librairies-editeurs, 1840 (internet : http://remacle.org/bloodwolf/historiens/Plutarque/marius.htm)

Site internet : timeéôa n Tullianum http://www.panoramicearth.com/326/Rome/Tullianum_in_the_Mamertine _Prison

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