Tilvin Interview
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j;auka w¾nqofha
ÿgq kqÿgq me;s
kshuqjd m%ldYkhla I
II
j;auka w¾nqofha
ÿgq kqÿgq me;s ck;d úuqla;s fmruqfKa kdhl
fidaujxY wurisxy ifydaorhd iy
ck;d úuqla;s fmruqfKa m%Odk f,alï
á,aúka is,ajd ifydaorhd
kshuqjd m%ldYkhla III
j;auka w¾nqofha ÿgq fkdÿgq me;s © kshuqjd m%ldYk m%:u uqøKh 2008 wf.daia;= fojk uqøKh 2008 Tlaf;dan¾ ISBN 978-955-8696-11-8
ish¨ úuiSï( kshuqjd m%ldYlfhda 198$19" mxÑldj;a; mdr fld
IV
fmrjok Y%S ,xldj ish b;sydih ;=< b;d ;shqKq yerjqï ,CIhlg meñK ;sfí' tla w;lska wd¾Ólh úYd, w¾nqohlg f.dÿreù we;' ck;djg ish ffoksl Ôú;h mj;ajdf.k hdu mjd wiSrejk ;rug w¾nqoh W.%ù we;' fïjk úg;a ,xldj l,dmfha rgj,a w;r jeäu WoaOuk m%;sY;h jd¾;d lrñka isà' ta w;r fldá ;%ia;jdohg tfrys hqoaOh f;drïn,a lrñka fnÿïjdoh fjk;a me;a;lska Yla;su;a lsÍfï W;aidyhla iQCIu f,i Èh;a fjñka mj;S' wm rg ish wd¾Ól yd foaYmd,k hg;aúð;hla njg m;alr .ekSu i|yd bkaÈhdj m%uqL l,dmSh n,j;a;=o" weußld tlai;a ckmoh yd ngysr hqfrdamSh wêrdcHjd§yqo lei ljñka isá;s' ta i|yd Tjqyq úúOdldrfhka wm rgg n,mEï lrñka isá;s' fujeks ixlS¾K ikao¾Nhla ;=< jfï jHdmdrfha l%shdldß;ajh w;sYh m%fõYfuka f;dard.; hq;a;ls' fuu w¾nqoh yuqfõ ixfõ§;ajh yd wr.,ldÍ;ajh j¾Okh jQ mka;s n,fõ. ixúOdkh lr ta jgd wêrdcjdofhka mSvdjg m;ajQ ish¨ n,fõ. f.dkq lsÍfï j.lSu jfï jHdmdrh fj; mejÍ we;' tu l%shdj,sh ;=< § ndysr i;=re n,fõ. iu. igka lsÍu fukau mCI wNHka;rfha u;=úh yels wjia:djd§ m%jK;d mrdch lsÍuo tlfia jeo.;ah' tu l¾;jHh i|yd m%:ufhkau mj;sk foaYmd,k ;;ajh ksjerÈj ú.%y lr .ekSu;a" tu ;;ajh ;=< tla tla foaYmd,k n,fõ.hkaf.a N+ñldjka jgyd .ekSu;a l< hq;=h' fï fudfyd; jkdyS wm uqyqK md we;s foaYmd,k wNsfhda.h;a tu wNsfhda.h bÈßfha ck;d úuqla;s fmruqK úiska .kq ,nk Wmdhud¾.sl yd V
Wml%ñl l%shdud¾.;a ms<sn| ixjdohla we;s ù ;sfnk fudfyd;ls' tfukau ta ms<sn|j w;sYh idjµ u; yd wj,do m;=rejñka ;sfnk fudfyd;ls' fï jkúg iudch ;=< idlÉPd fjñka mj;sk m%Yak lsysmhla iy ck;d úuqla;s fmruqfKa kdhl fidaujxY wurisxy ifydaorhd;a m%Odk f,alï á,aúka is,ajd ifydaorhd;a tu m%Yak i|yd olajk woyia fuu lD;sh ;=< wka;¾.; ù we;' fuu jHdhduh id¾:l lr .ekSu i|yd iydh ÿka ieug wmf.a ia;+;sh msßkefï'
kshuqjd m%ldYlfhda 2008'08'25
VI
mgqk
msgq wxlh
T
c'ú'fm' iy wdKavqj
01
T
mCIfha .uka u.
16
T
úfoia n,mEï
25
T
rfÜ foaYmd,kh iy c'ú'fm'
33
T
bÈß jevms<sfj<
44
VII
j;auka w¾nqofha ÿgq kqÿgq me;s
c'ú'fm' iy wdKavqj 1 m%Yakh (- j;auka wdKAvqj msysgqùug uq,a jqfKa;a c'ú'fm' hs' ta jf.au uyskao rdcmCI uy;d ckdêm;s lrùug úYd, l¾hNdrhla lf
j;auka w¾nqofha ÿgq kqÿgq me;s
Y%S ,xldjg b;du ydkslr jQ Bkshd igka úrdu .súiqulg tkh jqKd' rfÜ W;=re yd kef. kysr mdaIKhla f.k.shd' wdKavqfõ foaYfødayS" ck;d fødayS lghq;=j,g tfrysj .d,af,a isg fld
tlai;a ck;d ksoyia ikaOdk wdKAvqj msysgqùfï§;a Y%S
j;auka w¾nqofha ÿgq kqÿgq me;s
,xld ksoyia mCI kdhsldj m%Yakhla we;s l
j;auka w¾nqofha ÿgq kqÿgq me;s
;snqK;a wdKavqfõ by< isg my< olajd jQ ish¨ fokdu hqo fmruqfKa Èú mqok fin< fin<shkag;a" ck;djg;a" ,ndfok wdo¾Yh l=ulao@ Tjqka rg fjkqfjka lrk mß;Hd.h l=ulao@ jxpd" ¥IK yd kdia;sh ms<sn| kdhl;ajh imhkafka" Tjqkqhs' tfia jqj;a wdrCIl yuqodj fukau Y%S ,xldfõ ck;dj;a fï wjia:dfõ§ b;d by< uÜgul lemùula" mß;Hd.hla lrñka bkakjd'
fï ¥Is; wdKavqj ;j;a me;a;lska Y%S ,xldj ;=<" bkaÈhdfõ wd¾Ól jHma;jdohg;a" foaYmd,k jHdma;jdohg;a bv i,id ;sfhkjd'
t;ekska kej;s,d keye' ckdêm;sjrhd;a" wdKavqj;a meyeos,s f,iu m%cd;ka;% úfrdaë .ukla hkak wr w¢kjd' Tyq fï jkúg;a ;j §¾> ld,hla n,fha isàu i|yd kHdh m;%hla l%shd;aul lrñka bkakjd' 17 jeks jHjia:d ixfYdaOkh l%shd;aul fkdlr" ta yryd iajdëk ue;sjrK fldñIka iNdj;a iajdëk fmd,sia fldñIka iNdj;a msysgqjkafka ke;=j m
j;auka w¾nqofha ÿgq kqÿgq me;s
mgjkak fkfjhs' ck;dj nÿ nr ordf.k ÿla ú¢oa§ uyck uqo,a fldaá .Kka kdia;s lrkak fkdfjhs' wdKavqfõ fï ÿIag" foaYfødayS" ck;d fødayS foaYmd,k kHdh m;%h fldkafoais úrys;j mrdch l< hq;=hs' ck;d úuqla;s fmruqKg yer fï j.lSu fjk;a mCIhlg bgq l< fkdyelshs'
5
j;auka w¾nqofha ÿgq kqÿgq me;s
2 m%Yakh (- Tfí mCIfha wdKAvq úfrdaë lghq;= ksid t'cd'm'hg yd t,a'à'à'B'hg jdis ,efnk nj;a Tn mCIh wkshñka t'cd'm'hg yd t,a'à'à'B'hg Woõ lrk njg;a iuyre fpdaokd lrkjd' ta .ek Tn lshkafka l=ulao@ á,aúka is,ajd ifydaorhd ( j¾;udk wdKAvqj;a" wdKAvqj fjkqfjka ne
j;auka w¾nqofha ÿgq kqÿgq me;s
m%;sm;a;s yd l%shdud¾. wfma uõìug yd ck;djg ydkslr jQ tajd ksid' ta;a tlai;a cd;sl mCIfha iydfhka rg md,kh lrk fï wdKavqju ;uhs miq.sh wjqreoafoa m
wksla w;g miq.sh ld,fha tlai;a cd;sl mCIh mrdch lsÍug ienEjgu lghq;= lfdaIKh lr,d" md .uka .sys,a," ikaOdkh f.dvk., tlai;a cd;sl mCIh mrdch lsÍug iu;a ck;d n,hla yeÿfj wms' Y%S ,xld ksoyia mCIh ta ldf,a ysáfh merÈ,d' lvdjeá,' wms 2004 ikaOdkh yokfldg uyskao rdcmCI uy;a;hd Bg úreoaOj tlai;a cd;sl mCIh iuÕ wkshñka fm< .eys,hs ysáfha' 2004 wms Y%S ,xld ksoyia mCIh iuÕ ikaOdkh f.dvk.,d blauka uyue;sjrKhla wrf.k tlai;a cd;sl mCI mrdch lsÍug uq,aj lghq;= l
ta jf.au 2006 ckdêm;sjrKfha§ wmg nrm;, .eg¨ /ila ;sìh§ mjd wms uyskao rdcmCI uy;dg Woõ lsÍug lghq;= lf
j;auka w¾nqofha ÿgq kqÿgq me;s
cd;sl mCI m%;sm;a;s meroùug lghq;= lrmq" ta jf.au 2007 fkdjeïn¾ md¾,sfïka;=fõ whjeh ms<sn| Pkao úuiSfï§" tlai;a cd;sl mCIhg wkshñka fyda iyh fkd§ug lghq;= lrmq wmg t'cd'm' ys;jd§ hehs lshkak mq¿jka foaYmd,k l=ylhskag yd ;laläkag muKhs' wfkla w;g fldá ixúOdkh .ek n,kak' wms fldákag Woõ lrdú lsh, isysnqoaêh ;sfhk ljqre;a ms<s.kakjdo@ wfma rfÜ m%Odk foaYmd,k mCI w;r fldá ixúOdkh iuÕ .kqfokq fkdl<" idlÉPd fkdl< yd .súiqï fkd.eiQ tlu foaYmd,k mCIh ck;d úuqla;s fmruqK muKhs' fldá iuÕ .súiqï .ymq ylSï uy;a;hd" f;dKavuka uy;a;hd fï wdKAvqj we;=f,a ;shx ysáh fkao@ ta ldf,a iuyre ylSï yd f;dKavuka uy;ajre foaYfm%aóka f,i kï lsÍug ;rï ÿrÈ. .shd' ta foaYmd,k wjia:djdofha ;ru ;uhs' tf,i lghq;= lrk wh ;uhs" fldákag wkshñka Woõ lrk njg ck;d úuqla;s fmruqKg weÕs,a, È.= lrkafka' ck;d úuqla;s fmruqfKa b;sydih foi n,kak' miq.sh ldf, fldá meroùu i|yd wms .;a; l%shdud¾. ksid fkao wo fï ;rï nrm;, uÜgulg fldá ÿ¾j, lrkak mq¿jka fj,d ;sfhkafka' wms uE; ldf, WodyrK lsysmhla lshkakï' 2002 fmnrjdß —rks,a - m%Nd .súiqu˜ w;aika lr,d rg fn§fï ÈYdjg hkúg ikaOdkh yo,d" tlai;a cd;sl mCIh mroj,d" igka úrdu .súiqu wfydais jk ;ekg foaYmd,kh fm< .eiaiqfõ ljqo@ ck;d úuqla;s fmruqfKa wms' ta jf.au ysgmq ckdêm;sks pkaøsld l=udrK;=x. uy;añh iqkdñ iyk uKav,h yryd W;=re kef.kysr mßmd,k lghq;= fldákag mjrkak lghq;= lrk úg Bg úfrdaOh md weu;slï 04la w;yer ikaOdk wdKavqfjka t<shg neiafi wms fkao@ wo uy f,dl=jg fldá úfrdaëka f,i fmkajkak yok iuyr wh weu;s OQrh fjkqfjka iqkdñ iyk uKav,h ms<s.;a;d' ffu;%smd, isßfiak weu;s;=ud ta ldf, tla;rd mqj;am;lg lsh,d ;snqK ta whg wdKavqjg jvd iqkdñ iyk uKav,h ják nj' t;=ud n,hg yd ;k;=rg lEorlñka iqkdñ iyk uKav,h w.h lroa§ Bg tfrysj ;k;=re w;yer,d t<shg weú,a,d wêlrKh bÈßhg .syska iqkdñ iyk uKav,h wfydais lrj,d m%Ndlrkag jdis ,eîu keje;a;=fõ wms' ta jf.au Bkshd idu l%shdj,sfhka fkda¾fõ bj;a flfrõfõ wms' ta jf.au 1987 § chj¾Ok ckdêm;s;=ud úiska bkaÿ - ,xld .súiqug wkqj W;=rg nf,ka wE|d ;snQ kef.kysr m
j;auka w¾nqofha ÿgq kqÿgq me;s
ixl,amh mrdch lfdaIKh k;r lrdú lsh,hs' keye¦ fudk fya;=jla ksidj;a fï wdKavqfõ jerÈj,g tfrysj ck;dj;a" rg;a fjkqfjka wms lrk Woaf>daIKh yd wr.,h wms k;r lrkafk keye' fï wdKAvqjg úreoaOj tlai;a cd;sl mCIh iuÕ fyda fldá iuÕ tlg jevlrkak wmg wjYH keye' ta i|yd ienE f,iu foaYfm%aó yd m%.;sYS,S ck;d n,fõ.j, iyh wmg ,efnkjd' ta n,fõ. iuÕ tlaj fï iuia; m%;s.dó;ajh mrdch lsÍug wms lghq;= lrkjd'
9
j;auka w¾nqofha ÿgq kqÿgq me;s
3 m%Yakh (- j;auka wdKAvqjg tla ù rg ye§fï ld¾hh Tn uÕyer f.dia we;s njg u;hla ;sfnkjd' wdKavqj iuÕ tlaj lghq;= lsÍug Tn lghq;= fkdlf
j;auka w¾nqofha ÿgq kqÿgq me;s
l,ska uyskao rdcmCI uy;d ;ukaf.a weu;s uKav,h kï l
j;auka w¾nqofha ÿgq kqÿgq me;s
kï ck;d úuqla;s fmruqK wdKavqjg tl;= jQ miq l%shd;aul lrkakg woyia lrk jevms<sfj< l=ula±hs wms idlÉPdfõ uq,§u m%Yak l
j;auka w¾nqofha ÿgq kqÿgq me;s
wfma jevms<sfj<;a" thg Y%S ,xld ksoyia mCIh ÿka ms<s;=r;a" Bg wms ,ndÿka ms<s;=r;a wms ck;dj yuqfõ ;sínd' wjYH kï kej;;a ck;djg bÈßm;a lrkak wms ´kEu úgl iQodkï' Y%S ,xld ksoyia mCIh wmg ÿkak ms<s;=r;a meyeÈ,s tlla fkfjhs' fmdÿ ck tlai;a fmruqfKa;a" Y%S ,xld ksoyia mCIfha;a Èhdre nj" jefkk iq¿ nj" wruqKla ke;slu" ta ms<s;=r uÕska meyeÈ,s jqKd' Bkshd igka úrdu .súiqu wfydais l< hq;= hehs wms wfma .súiqu uÕska fhdackd l
13
j;auka w¾nqofha ÿgq kqÿgq me;s
4 m%Yakh(- Tn lshkafka ck;d úuqla;s fmruqK wdKavqjg iïnkaO fkdùug j.lsj hq;af;a Tn fkdj uyskao rdcmCI uy;d m%uqL wdKavqj njo@ á,aúka is,ajd ifydaorhd ( meyeÈ,sju Tõ' wdKavqj;a" wdKavqfõ ls,sá wmq,a,k wh;a iÕjk i;Hh ;uhs ta' ck;d úuqla;s fmruqK iuÕ tl;= ù jevms<sfj
j;auka w¾nqofha ÿgq kqÿgq me;s
wrf.k idlal=fõ odf.k ta yhsfhka ;ukag leu;s úÈfya md,khla ndOdjlska f;drj lrf.k hkakhs' kuq;a ck;d úuqla;s fmruqK tjeks mgq wruqKqj,g úlsfKk mCIhla fkdjk ksid rdcmCI ckdêm;s;=ud ck;d úuqla;s fmruqK w;yer tlai;a cd;sl mCIfha msßila yd tlaj wdKavq lsßug mgka .;a;d' ´lhs we;a; l;dj'
15
j;auka w¾nqofha ÿgq kqÿgq me;s
mCIfha .uka u. 5 m%Yakh (- ck;d úuqla;s fmruqK ish foaYmd,k Wmdh ud¾.h jroaodf.k isák njg o we;eï wh fpdaokd lrkjd' ta .ek Tfí woyi l=ulao@ fidaujxY wurisxy ifydaorhd ( Th fpdaokd wm fj; t,a, lrk wh Wmdh ud¾.h lshkafka fudllao Wml%u lshkafka fudkjo@ lsh,j;a f;areï wrf.k keye' ck;d úuqla;s fmruqK yeuúgu cd;sl yd cd;Hka;r jYfhka isÿjk ish¨ fjkialï b;d ishqï f,i ksÍlaIKh lrk" úYaf,aIKh lrk ta wkqj ks.ukj,g t
j;auka w¾nqofha ÿgq kqÿgq me;s
m%;sm;a;s tfyu ke;akï újD; wd¾Ól m%;sm;a;sh" tfyu;a ke;akï Bkshd f.da,ShlrKh tlal f,dalh ;=< meyeÈ,s wd¾Ól" foaYmd,k" iudc" ixialD;sl fjkialï isÿfjkak mgka .;a;d' fjk;a jpkj,ska lshkjd kï wêrdcHjdoh kj uqyqKqjrla .;a;d' ta jqk;a fï kj uqyqKqjrla .;a; wêrdcHjdoh;a l,ska jf.au wd¾Ól" foaYmd,k yd ixialD;sl wêrdcHjdohuhs' tfy;a fï kj uqyqKqjrla .;a wêrdcHjdoh jvd idyisl f,i f.da,ShlrKh jqKd' f,dalfha yeu wiaila uq,a,la kEru th me;=reKd' me;sfrõjd' wdishdkq" wm%sldkq" ,;ska weußldkq uyoaúmhkays msysá jdáfha ÿmam;a ÿ¾j, rgj,a" tkï mßêfha rgj,a fï wêrdcHjd§ f.da,ShlrKhg hg jqKd' fldákau lsõfjd;a" wêrdcHjdoh Tijd f.k isák f,dal nexl=j" cd;Hka;r uQ,H wruqo," f,dal fj<| ixúOdkh" tlai;a ckmo fvd,rh jeks Yla;su;a w;aj,ska f,dalh ñßld idrh wêrdcHjd§ rgj,a lrd .,d hdug lghq;= ie,iqKd' hqo n,h fhdod f.k wêrdcH f.dv ke.+ rgj,a ±ka újD; wd¾Ól m%;sm;a;sh fhdod f.k fiiq rgj,a wêrdcHjd§ f.da,ShlrKhg hg lr f.k isákjd' ta ksid fï f.da,ShlrKh ;=< wêrdcHjd§ rgj,a fiiq rgj,aj," úfYaIfhkau Y%S ,xldj jeks ÿ¾j, mßêfha rgj, wd¾Ól" foaYmd,k yd ixialD;sl iaffjÍNdjh" iajdëk;ajh" wNsudkh Wÿrdf.k tajd w¨;au mkakhl hg;aúð; njg nd,aÿ lr ;sfnkjd' fï jy,aNdjh" hg;aùu fmkqfuka fjkia jqK;a yrfhka merKs hg;aúð; hq.fha mej;s jy,aNdjhuhs' hg;aùuuhs' fï w¨;a l%shdj,sh wms h<s-hg;aúð;lrKh f,i y÷kd .;a;d' 70 oYlfha w. isg t,a, jqKq fï m%ydrhg hgjqfKa ke;af;a Yla;su;a cd;sl wd¾Ólhla i;=j mej;s Ökh" bkaÈhdj" reishdj jeks rgj¨;a ;ukaf.a rfÜ iaffjÍNdjh;a" iajdëk;ajh;a" wdrlaId lr .ksñka f,dal nexl=fõ" cd;Hka;r uQ,H wruqof,a wd§ wdh;kj,ska t,a, jQ ;¾ck" .¾ck" n,mEï Bkshd jHqyd;aul m%;sixialrK m%;slafIam lrkakg ;rï ffO¾h iïmkak jQ uy;S¾ fudyuâ uy;df.a uef,aishdj jf.a rgj¨;a muKhs'
fï w¨;a ;;ajh f;areï .;a; ck;d úuqla;s fmruqK b;d 17
j;auka w¾nqofha ÿgq kqÿgq me;s
ksjerÈ f,i Y%S ,xldfõ iaffjÍNdjh" iajdëk;ajh wNsudkh Y%S ,xldjg h<s w;am;a lr .ekSu i|yd tfia ke;akï h<s hg;aúð;lrK l%shdj,sh mrdch lsÍu i|yd kj mkakfha cd;sl úuqla;s jHdmdrhl wjYH;djh ms<sn|j wjOdrKh l
Wmdh ud¾.h yd Wml%u ms<sn|j meyeÈ,s wjfndaOhla ke;s" foaYmd,k ;;ajh u;=msáka muKla ±l th úYaf,aIKh lrkakg wiu;a jQ lSm fofkla ck;d úuqla;s fmruqKg tfrysj t,a, lrk fpdaokdj iïmQ¾Kfhkau j,x.= fjkafka" Tjqkag ñi wmg fkdfjhs' jroaod .;a Tjqka kqÿre wkd.;fha§ kj;skafka" uyskao rdcmlaI uy;df.a Tfvdlal=j u; nj kï wmg iy;sl lr,d lshkak mq¿jka' fï fpdaokd wmg oud .ik wh fï fudfydf;a;a rdcmlaI md,khg iqÿ yqKq .dñka isák ms<sl=,a iy.; wdldrh foi n,k úg Tjqkaf.a bÈß .uka u. flfia fõú±hs ys;d.kak wudre keye'
ta ú;rla fkdfjhs" ±ka fï ck;d úuqla;s fmruqK Wmdh ud¾.slj msg mek, lsh,d ú.%y bÈßm;a lrkafka" ta .ek ÿla fjkafk" wfma mCIfha idudðlhkag wduka;%Kh lrkafk ljqo@ uyskao rdcmCI uy;df.a wdKavqjg mCImd;S mqj;am;aj,g ,sms ,shk yd rcfha úµq;a udOH kd,sldj, foaYmd,k ú.%y bÈßm;a lrk uy;ajre yd ck;d úuqla;s fmruqfKka m,d.sh wh fkao@ wms Wmdh ud¾.fhka msg mek, kï talg uyskao rdcmCI uy;df.a wdKAvqj i;=gq fjkak ´kfka' wfma i;=rka i;=gq fjkak ´kfka' wehs Tjqka fï lsUq,a l÷¿ fy
j;auka w¾nqofha ÿgq kqÿgq me;s
fndrejg wms .ek l÷¿ fy
19
j;auka w¾nqofha ÿgq kqÿgq me;s
6 m%Yakh (- miq.sh ld,fha ck;d úuqla;s fmruqK ;=< lsishï w¾nqohla we;s jqKd' Bg fya;= jQfha u;jd§ .eg¿jla nj;a" c'ú'fm Wmdh ud¾.slj jerÈ uÕl .sh ksid nj;a we;euqka lshkjd' Tn óg tlÕo@@ á,aúka is,ajd ifydaorhd ( we;a;gu ck;d úuqla;s fmruqK ;=< w¾nqohla we;s jqKd fkfjhs' tla;rd mqoa.,fhla ck;d úuqla;s fmruqK ;=< w¾nqohla ks¾udKh jk f,i lghq;= l
j;auka w¾nqofha ÿgq kqÿgq me;s
uq,§ wkqlïmdj Èkd.ekSu i|yd ÿlafjñka w~ñka ;uka mCIfhka bj;a fldg ;snQ njg fndre lshñka .sh Tyq miqj Tyqf.a ienE wruqKq fmkajñka rdcmCI wdKAvqfõ mQ¾K iyfhda.h yd wdYs¾jdoh u; w¨;ska mCIhla msysgqjd ,shdmÈxÑ lr.;a;d' ck;d úuqla;s fmruqK ;=< ;ud l< l=uka;%KldÍ" úkh úfrdaë lghq;= jix fldg Bg u;jd§ wdjrKhla§u i|yd ±ka u;jd§ m%Yakhla u;=lr ;sfnkjd' ck;d úuqla;s fmruqfKa Wmdh ud¾.h ms<sn|j yd wms wfma Wmdh ud¾.h jroaodf.k ke;s nj ±kgu;a meyeÈ,s fldg we;s ksid ta .ek h<s l;d lsÍug wjYH keye' ta;a wfma mCIfha w;S;fha isgu ;snQ u;jd§ ixjdo yd wm ;SrK f.k l%shd;aul jQ wdldrh hï muKla meyeÈ,s l< hq;= fjkjd' wfma mCIh ;ks mqoa.,fhlaf.a u;hg jevlrk taldêm;s mCIhla fkdfjhs' ta jf.au tfyhshkaf. mCIhl=;a fkfjhs' mCI m%cd;ka;%jdoh b;du;a fyd¢ka l%shd;aul jk ,xldfõ ;sfnk tlu mCIh wfma mCIhhs' wfma mCIfha ks¾ud;D frdayK úfÊùr ifydaorhd mCIfha kdhl;ajh ormq ld,fha isg fï olajd tu m%cd;ka;%jdoh wms mj;ajdf.k weú;a ;sfhkjd' wms nrm;, foaYmd,k ;SrK .kafka iduQysljhs' tlaflda ta i|yd mCI iuq¿fjka ;SrK .kakjd' ke;akï uOHu ldrl iNdfjka ;SrK .kakjd' fï i|yd jeämqru Ndú;d fjkafk uOHu ldrl iNdjhs' ´kEu lreKlÈ ta lreK ms<sn|j uOHu ldrl iNdfõ tla tla idudðlhdg we;s woyia ksoyfia bÈßm;a lsÍug bv ;sfhkjd' miqj ta woyia ms<sn|j ixjdo lrkjd' lsisfjla ;ukaf.a u;h wka wh u; nf,ka mgjkafk keye' lreKq lshd§ ta;a;= .ekaùu yd ms<s.ekaùuhs lrkafka' wjidkfha nyq;rfha u;hg wkqj ljqre;a l%shd;aul fjkjd' wfma mCIh miq.sh ld,hla mqrdu lghq;= lf
j;auka w¾nqofha ÿgq kqÿgq me;s
ixjdo l
01' uyskao rdcmCI uy;dg iydh§u'
02' uyskao rdcmCI uy;dg iyh § wdKAvqfõ fldgialrefjla ùu' 03' ;ksju ;rÕ je§u hk fhdackd ;snqKd' ta .ek idlÉPd l
j;auka w¾nqofha ÿgq kqÿgq me;s
uq,È;a meyeÈ,s l
j;auka w¾nqofha ÿgq kqÿgq me;s
;u n,h Yla;su;a lr.ekSu i|yd wmj tlaflda ;k;=rej,g ñ,§ .ekSug" ke;skï wjk; lr.ekSughs' wfma wruqK tal fkfjhs' wmsg mejereKq ft;sydisl j.lSula ;sfnkjd' ta" fï rfÜ ienE cd;sl ksoyi Èkd.ekSfï;a wd¾Ól ixj¾Okh we;s lsÍfï;a ienE cd;sl iuÕsh f.dvke.Sfï;a ÈYdjg rg /f.k hdu' uyskao rdcmCI uy;d msgqmEfõ" tu wruqKghs' thska miqj ;uhs" wms kj cd;sl fmruqKla f.dvke.Sug ;SrKh lf
24
j;auka w¾nqofha ÿgq kqÿgq me;s
úfoia n,mEï 7 m%Yakh (- ,xldjg cd;sl ksoyi Èkd.; hq;= njg c'ú'fm' fndfydaúg m%ldY lrkjd' tjeks wdldrfha ksoyia wr.,hla wjYH ù ;sfnkafka wehs@ ,xldjg ;sfnk úfoaY n,mEï l=uk wdldrfha tajdo@ fidaujxY wurisxy ifydaorhd( l,ska i|yka l< wdldrhg m
j;auka w¾nqofha ÿgq kqÿgq me;s
Y%S ,xldfõ iaffjÍNdjhg;a" fN!ñl wLKav;djhg;a nrm;< wNsfhda.hla t,a, lr we;s fnÿïjd§ ;%ia;jd§kag Wvf.ä fok fï rgj,a Y%S ,xldj folv lsÍu i|yd fmaù bkakjd' ta cd;sl m%Yakho ovóud lrf.k Y%S ,xldj l;d lrk NdId Tiafia ÿ¾j, rdcH follg lvd ì| wfma uõìu wd¾Ól" foaYmd,k yd ixialD;sl jYfhka hgm;a lr .ekSu i|ydhs'
26
j;auka w¾nqofha ÿgq kqÿgq me;s
8 m%Yakh (- Y%S ,xldjg tfrysj isÿjk j¾;udk bkaÈhdkq ueÈy;aùu Tn olskafka fldfyduo@ fidaujxY wurisxy ifydaorhd ( j¾;udk bkaÈhdkq ueÈy;aùu w;S; bkaÈhdkq ueÈy;aùug jvd fjkia tlla fkdfjhs' wo we;s fjki kï bkaÈhdkq wdêm;Hjd§ka wfma rgg Tjqkaf.a yuqod tjd keye' tmuKhs' 1980 .Kkaj,§ Y%S ,xldfõ fnÿïjd§ ;%ia;jd§ ixúOdkj,g ikakoaO mqyqKqj ÿkafka" bkaÈhdjhs' tajd ikakoaO lf
j;auka w¾nqofha ÿgq kqÿgq me;s
,xldjg tõjd' tu.ska Y%S ,xld rdcHh ÿ¾j, l
j;auka w¾nqofha ÿgq kqÿgq me;s
,xldj jf.a mqxÑ rgl ;ks rgl wd¾Ól l,dmhla i|yd fyda fï id úYd, bvula fjka lsÍu wiajdNdúlhs' wka;rdldÍhs' fï bvu meyeÈ,s f,iu bkaÈhdfõ yd bkaÈhdfõ w¨;au ñ;=rd jQ tlai;a ckmofha hqo Wmdh ud¾.hg wjYH;d bgq lsÍu i|ydhs' B<Õg mq,auqfâ LKsc je,s tl;= lr .ekSu;a bkaÈhdj w;am;a lr .;a;d' mq,auqfâ isg idïmQ¾ ceáh fj; —.dkaê udj;˜ kñka wêfõ.S ud¾.hla bÈlrñka isákafka ta i|ydhs' lkalika;=f¾ isfuka;s lïy,;a bkaÈhdj w;am;a lr .;a;d' ukakdrfï msysá f;,a iïm;;a bkaÈhdjg ÿkakd' ,efnk ,dNfhka Y%S ,xldjg ,efnkafka oyfhka mx.=jhs' idïmQ¾" mq,auqfâ" lkalika;=f¾" ukakdru fï fou< B
fldákau bkaÈhdj Y%S ,xldj ;=< m<,a lrk wd¾Ól 29
j;auka w¾nqofha ÿgq kqÿgq me;s
wdêm;Hhg iß,k mßÈ foaYmd,k wdêm;Hho m<,a lrñka bkakjd' fï jk úg 13 jeks jHjia:d ixfYdaOkhg;a jvd bÈßhg f.dia W;=rg yd kef.kysrg n,h fnok f,i Y%S ,xldjg n, lrk ;rugu bkaÈhdj idyisl fj,d' W;=re m
30
j;auka w¾nqofha ÿgq kqÿgq me;s
9 m%Yakh (- Tn foaYmd,k jqjukdjka i|yd wkjYH bkaÈhka úfrdaOhla u;= lrk njg iuyre fpdaokd lrkjd' ta .ek''@ á,aúka is,ajd ifydaorhd ( bkaÈhdj fï fudfydf;a wfma rg ;=< wd¾Ólhg yd foaYmd,khg lr ;sfnk ueÈy;aùu ienúkau fkdokakd wh tfia is;kak mq¿jka' tjeks wh i|yd ;uhs wms fï lreKq meyeÈ,s lrkafk' ta w;r bkaÈhdjg hgjqKq" §k;ajhg m;ajqKq wh;a" bkaÈhdjg úlsKqkq wh;a fï úÈfha fpdaokd k.kjd' ta wh .ek wkqlïmd lrkjd yer fjk l< yels fohla keye' i;Hh kï wmg bkaÈhdj iuÕ fm!oa.,sl .egqula keye' bkaÈhdj wfma wi,ajeishd' ta;a wi,ajeis bkaÈhdj ;u n,h fmkak,d wfma rfÜ iaffjÍNdjh yd iajdëk;ajh fkdi,ld lghq;= lrkjdg uõìfï iajdëk;ajh yd iaffjÍNdjh Èú fojeks fldg 31
j;auka w¾nqofha ÿgq kqÿgq me;s
rlsk mCIhla f,i Bg tfrysj y~ kÕkak wmg isÿfjkjd' bkaÈhdj wd¾Ól jYfhka wfma rgg ueÈy;afj,d ;sfhkafka fldfyduo" fudk fCIa;%j,o lsh,d by;§ wms meyeÈ,s l
32
j;auka w¾nqofha ÿgq kqÿgq me;s
rfÜ foaYmd,kh iy c'ú'fm' 10 m%Yakh (- fldá ixúOdkh meroùug igka lrk rdcmCI wdKAvqj rg mdjd§ug fyda fnÿïjdoh Èkùug lghq;= fkdlrk njg ;¾lhla ;sfnkjd' ta .ek Tfí woyi l=ulao@ á,aúka is,ajd ifydaorhd ( jeo.;alu ;sfhkafk fndre ;¾lj, fkfjhs' m%dfhda.slj we;a;gu isÿjk foa ;=
j;auka w¾nqofha ÿgq kqÿgq me;s
ta;a ±ka wdKAvqj fuu hqoaOh wdjrKhla lr.ksñka rg mdjd foñka bkakjd' th yx.kak neye' tal ;uhs we;a;' wo rdcmCI md,kh bkaÈhdj bÈßfha oK .y,d" ksjg fj,d bkaÈhdkq Wjukdj wkqj wfma wd¾Ól yd foaYmd,k lghq;= yiqrejkjd' fï lreKq wms l,skq;a meyeÈ,s l
j;auka w¾nqofha ÿgq kqÿgq me;s
md,kh lrk iNdjla taú' bkamiq tu mkh lsÍula' ta ksid uyskao rdcmCI uy;d fldá mrok igk wdjrKhla fldgf.k rg mdjd§fï;a" fnÿïjd§ ^n,h fn§u& mshjr .ekSfï;a fh§ isák nj b;d meyeÈ,shs' ta fjk lsisjla i|yd fkdfjhs' ;u n,h /l.ekSu yd È.= l,la n,fha isàfï wdYdj fmr±ß lrf.khs' ta i|yd bkaÈhdjg wjk;j jevlsÍug Tyqg isÿ ù ;sfnkjd' ta ú;rla fkfjhs" m
j;auka w¾nqofha ÿgq kqÿgq me;s
±ka wdKavqjg wu;l fj,do@ fï ish,af,ka meyeÈ,s fjkafka wka lsisjla fkdfjhs' wdKavqj tla w;lska bkaÈhdjg hgfj,d' wksla w;ska —hqoaO ch.%yK˜j,ska u;afj,d" ysi Wÿïud f.k jerÈ ;SrK .ksñka rg mdjd§ug;a fnÿïjdoh iúu;a lsÍug;a lghq;= lrk njhs'
36
j;auka w¾nqofha ÿgq kqÿgq me;s
11 m%Yakh (- Tfí mCIfha ú.%yhg wkqj uyskao rdcmCI md,kh .uka lrñka ;sfnkafka l=uk ÈYdjlgo@ fidaujxY wurisxy ifydaorhd (
uyskao rdcmCI ckdêm;sjrhd fï jk úg ;ukag ,enqK ckjrug msgqmd hñka bkakjd' m
j;auka w¾nqofha ÿgq kqÿgq me;s
kuq;a rdcmlaI uy;df.a wdKavqfõ j.lsj hq;= weu;sjre Y%S ,xldfõ ikaëh l%uhla ia:dms; l< hq;=hhs lshkjd' ;j;a iuyr weu;sjre" uyweu;sjre m
B<Õg cd;sl wd¾Ólh f.dv ke.Su m%cd;ka;%jdoh Yla;su;a lsÍu" udOH ksoyi ;yjqre lsÍu" hy md,kh ia:dms; lsÍu iy ;j;a fCIa;%j,§ ckdêm;s rdcmlaI uy;d;a" ta uy;df.a wdKavqj;a iïmQ¾Kfhkau wid¾:l fj,d ;sfnkjd' ta uy;df.a msysgg we;af;a ;%súO yuqodj, yd fmd,sisfha ùfrdaodr fin<shka yd fin¿ka Ôú; mß;Hd. lrñka fnÿïjd§ ;%ia;jdohg tfrysj lrk hqo lghq;= muKhs' ta hqo lghq;=j,§ ,nk ch.%yK muKhs' ckdêm;s uyskao rdcmlaI uy;d fï jk úg meyeÈ,s f,iu wdrlaIl yuqod hqo fmruqfKa ,nk ch.%yK fnÿïjdohg;a bkaÈhdjg;a mdjd fokak wjYH jd;djrKh ilia lrñka bkakjd' B<Õg m%cd;ka;% úfrdaë f,i" iodpdr úfrdaë f,i È.gu n,fha isàu i|yd n, jHdmD;shla Èh;a lr ;sfnkjd' {d;s ñ;% .Khd w;g rfÜ n,h;a rfÜ Okh;a leá lrñka bkakjd' uyskao rdcmCI wdKavqj ±ka fmkajk ,CIK wkqj —udfldaia mkakfha˜ md,khla fj; .uka lrñka ;sfnk nj wmg fmakjd' fï fudfydf;a th ±lSug wiu;a whg th bÈßfha§ f;areï .ekSug yelsfõú' ms,smSkfha udfldaia md,k iufha§;a rg;a" wd¾Ólh;a md,kh lf
j;auka w¾nqofha ÿgq kqÿgq me;s
12 m%Yakh (- ±ka tlai;a cd;sl mCIh;a wdKavqjg tfrysj y~ kÕkjd' ;ukag n,h b,a,kjd' tlai;a cd;sl mCIhg h<s n,hg taug yelshdjla ;sfnkjd hehs is;sh yelso@ á,aúka is,ajd ifydaorhd ( tlai;a cd;sl mCIhg h<s n,hg taug yelshdjla we;ehs wm is;kafka keye' ta jf.au Tjqkag h<s n,hg taug bv Èh hq;=;a keye' wo fï rg m;aj ;sfnk úkdYfha wdrïNl j.W;a;rlrejka TjqKqhs' fï úkdYldÍ" fld,a,ldÍ újD; wd¾Ól m%;sm;a;sh ks¾udKh lf
j;auka w¾nqofha ÿgq kqÿgq me;s
wfkla w;g wo tlai;a cd;sl mCIh nrm;, f,i ÿ¾j, fj,d ;sfhkjd' úl%uisxy uy;df.a kdhl;ajhg tfrysj ;snQ wNHka;r wr.,h ±ka m%isoaO ;,hg weú,a,d' ta jf.au tlai;a cd;sl mCIfha m%n, kdhlhska 24la ±ka bkafka wdKavqfõ' rgg w¨;a udj;la" m%;sm;a;shla bÈßm;a lsÍug Tjqkag neye' tlai;a cd;sl mCIh ±ka foaYmd,kh jYfhka wNdjhg hñka ;sfnk mCIhla f,ihs wms olskafk' j¾;udkfha tys bkafk ngysrg wkqj ys;k yd jev lrk kdhlhska' fï <ÕÈ tia'î' Èidkdhl uy;d lsõfõ l=ulao@ Tyq lsõfj;a rdcH iïm;a" cd;sl iïm;a úl=Kkafka ke;sj rgla ÈhqKq lrkak neye lsh,hs' uõìfï whs;sh .ek l;d lsÍu fudavlula f,i;a ye¢kajqjd' b;sx tf,i ys;k kdhlhska bkak mCIhlska wfma rgg jevla ;sfhkjo@ keye' wo isÿúh hq;af;a tlai;a cd;sl mCIh ;=< isák wjxl" rgg ys;e;s wh bka bj;aùuhs' th isÿjk nj wmg fmakjd' ta ksid h<s;a ;Ügq udre l%uhg tlai;a cd;sl mCI md,khla i|yd ck;dj lghq;= lrdú lsh, wms ys;kafka keye' Tjqkaf.a hq.h bjrhs'
40
j;auka w¾nqofha ÿgq kqÿgq me;s
13 m%Yakh(- j¾;udkfha Y%S ,xldj uqyqK § isák iudc" wd¾Ól" foaYmd,k w¾nqohg Tn bÈßm;a lrk úi÷u l=ulao@ á,aúka is,ajd ifydaorhd( j¾;udkfha wfma rfÜ mj;skafka" b;du nrm;, iudc" wd¾Ól" foaYmd,k w¾nqohla nj we;a;' Bg ksjerÈ úµd;aul ms<s;=re fidhk ´kEu ixúOdkhla fï m%Yak foi u;= msáka fkdn,d tajd ìysùug fya;=mdol jQ lreKq fidhd.; hq;= fjkjd' wms olsk úÈyg Y%S ,xldj miq.dó OfkaIajr ixj¾Okhla iys; rgla' wms iajNdúl yd udkj iïm;a w;ska yqÕla fmdfydi;a rgla' ta;a wms wd¾Ól jYfhka ÿmam;a ù ;sfnkjd' Bg fya;=j wms ;ju;a ienE cd;sl ksoyi Èkdf.k fkd;sîuhs' wfma rfÜ j;auka w¾nqofha fya;= wdrïN fjkafk ;rula wE; w;S;fha isg' wms 1815 isg jir 133la ì%;dkHhkaf.a hg;aúð;hla f,i wêrdcHjdohg hg;aj meje;=Kd' iQrdlEug ,lajqKd' j¾;udkfha ;sfnk fndfyda iudc 41
j;auka w¾nqofha ÿgq kqÿgq me;s
wd¾Ól .eg¨ mgka .;af;a tu md,kh ;=
j;auka w¾nqofha ÿgq kqÿgq me;s
yd hy md,kh ia:dms; l< hq;= fjkjd' fuh cd;sl ksoyi Èkd .ekSu;a iuÕ iïnkaO jk iudc mßj¾;khla ;=<ska bgqlr.; hq;= ld¾hhla f,ihs wms olskafka' ta i|yd m<,a;u foaYfm%aó yd m%.;sYS,S n,fõ.hkaf.a wdKavqjla msysgqúh hq;= o fjkjd'
43
j;auka w¾nqofha ÿgq kqÿgq me;s
bÈß jevms<sfj< 14 m%Yakh (- wms kej;;a c'ú'fm' Wmdh ud¾.hg yefruq' cd;sl ksoyia wr.,h yryd iudcjdohg hkqfjka bÈßm;a fjk Wmdhud¾.hg wkqj Tfí ñ;=re n,fõ. fudkjdo@ fï wr.,fha kdhl;ajh .kafka ljqo@ fï .ek meyeÈ,s lsÍula lf
j;auka w¾nqofha ÿgq kqÿgq me;s
jYfhkq;a th tfiau isÿ fjkjd'
fï l%shdj,shg odhl jk Y%S ,xldfõ foaYmd,k mCI ms<sn|j i,ld n,k úg tajd fï h<s-hg;aúð;lrK l%shdj,sh Èh;ajQ 70 oYlfha isgu tu l%shdj,sh iuÕ ±ä f,i ne£ isáhd' isákjd' kuq;a fï h<s-hg;aúð;lrK l%shdj,shg wjxl f,iu tfrys jk ;ks ;ks mqoa.,hska fï mlaI ;=<;a fjk;a ixúOdk ;=<;a isàfï yelshdj ;sfnkjd'
m%.;sYS,S" foaYfm%aó" m%cd;ka;%jd§" udkj ys;jd§" mßir ys;jd§ foaYmd,k mlaI" ixúOdk yd ;ks ;ks mqoa.,hska h<s hg;aúð;lrKhg tfrysj cd;sl jYfhka fukau cd;Hka;r jYfhkao fm< .eiS ;sfnkjd' Y%S ,xldfõ fm< .eiSï foi n,k úg h<shg;aúð;lrK l%shdj,shg fo.sähdjlska f;drj tfrysj isák n,fõ. w;=ßka fmruqK .; hq;af;a;a f.k we;af;a;a ck;d úuqla;s fmruqKhs'
45
j;auka w¾nqofha ÿgq kqÿgq me;s
15 m%Yakh (- m
j;auka w¾nqofha ÿgq kqÿgq me;s
yels fohla fkfjhs' ta jf.au j¾;udkfha cd;sl ksoyi muKla fjkuÈkd.ekSu o m, rys;hs' cd;sl ksoyi Èkd. ekSu iudc mßj¾;khla iuÕ .eg.eiS ;sfnkafka ta ksihs' wo wêrdcH úfrdaë n,fõ. w;r Yla;su;a n,fõ. jkafka" jevlrk ck;d n,fõ. we;=¿ mka;s n,fõ.hs' ta ksid mka;s n,fõ. ;= ld,hla ÿIalr;d ordf.k lghq;= lsÍug fkdyels" tfy;a n,hg wdid lrk wh ta i|yd flá udj;a fidhkjd' tu flá udj;a ;=< mqoa.,hka lSm fofkl=g n,h" ;k;=re" jrm%ido ,nd.; yels jqj;a rglg" ck;djlg ksoyi" úuqla;sh ,ndÈh fkdyelshs' th wm f;areï .; hq;=hs' wo wjYH fjkafka" mj;sk l%uh rlsk" mj;sk wdKavqjg l=ula fyda ;¾lhla u; ck;dj .eg .ik Wmdh ud¾.hla fkdfjhs' ienE f,iu cd;sl ksoyi ÈkSu i|yd tl;= l< hq;= n,fõ. wêrdcHjdohg tfrysj jf.au jHdma;jdohg tfrysj;a wêrdcHjdofha Rcq foaYSh tacka;hskag;a" jl% tacka;hskag;a tfrysj ck;dj fm< .iajk Wmdh ud¾.hl=hs'
wfkla w;g cd;sl n,fõ. mka;s n,fõ.j,ska bj;a lsÍug" 47
j;auka w¾nqofha ÿgq kqÿgq me;s
fjka lsÍug" yqfol,d lsÍug ljqreka fyda W;aidy lrkjdkï Tyq meyeÈ,sju m%;s.dó;ajfha jqjukd bgq lrkafkla fjkjd'
fuh m%dfhda.slj .;a;;a meyeÈ,s fjkjd' fldá mrok hqoaOh lrk w;f¾ fjk;a wr., l< hq;= keye lshk u;h m%fõYfuka f;areï.; hq;=hs' fldá mrok igkg ienE f,iu ndOdlrk wkjYH wr., lD;%su f,i wdrïN lrkafkakï th .eg¨jla nj we;a;' miq.sh ldf,a hqoaOh lrk w;r iuyre idu md .uka .sfha" tajd b;d nrm;,hs' ta;a hqoaOh lrk w;r wêrdcHjdoh l%shd;aul jk wfkla fCIa;%j, ^úfYaIfhka wd¾Ól yd foaYmd,k fCIa;%fha& u;=jk .eg¨j,§ wr., lsßu w;HjYHhs' ukao tajdo" wêrdcH úfrdaë wr., jk ksid' WodyrK f,i wOHdmkh úlsKSug tfrys wr.," cd;sl iïm;a úlsKSug" c, iïm; úlsKSug tfrys wr., .; yelshs'
ta jf.au ck;dj nrm;, f,i mSvdjg m;a lrñka md,lhska w;a;fkdau;sl f,i kdia;sldÍ f,i lghq;= lrkjd kï ;u whs;Ska fjkqfjka wr., lsÍug tlS ck fldgiaj,g whs;sh ;sfhkjd' th hqoaOhg ndOdjla fkfjhs' nvq ñ, wvq lrk f,i b,a,d lrk wr.," iyk b,a,d lrk f.dú wr.," jegqma b,a,d lrk fiajl wr., idOdrK jkafka ta wkqjhs' tu wr., yryd iúu;a jkafka" ixúOdkh jkafka wêrdcH úfrdaë n,fõ.hs' hqoaOh ksud lrk ;=re whs;Ska b,a,kak tmd lshñka wdKAvqj uyck uqo,a kdia;s lrk úg thg tlÕùug lsisÿ foaYfm%añfhl=g neye' lïlrejkag udihlg remsh,a 5000lska jegqma jeä lsÍu m%;sfCIam lrk wdKavqj" Bg uqo,a ke;s nj mjik wdKavqj" W;=reueo yd inr.uqj m
j;auka w¾nqofha ÿgq kqÿgq me;s
fndr f;,a ñ, by< .shdu th wjia:djla lrf.k nÿ nrla mgjd ,xldfõ f;,a ñ, by< ±uQ wdKavqj ±ka fï Èkj, f,dal fj<|fmdf
49
j;auka w¾nqofha ÿgq kqÿgq me;s
16 m%Yakh (- fyd|hs" Tn kj cd;sl fmruqKla ye§ug ;SrKh lf
j;auka w¾nqofha ÿgq kqÿgq me;s
fï ;;ajh ;=< wmg ta;a;= .sh foa ;uhs" fï iïm%odhsl foaYmd,k mCI iuÕ w;ayod n,kak ;j;a ls%hdud¾. b;sßfj,d keye lshk tl' uyskao rdcmCI uy;df.a wdKavqj Èfkka Èk ck;djg ta;a;= .ekajQfha;a ikaOdk jevms<sfj< iuÕ jk ;ukaf.a mriamrhhs' wfkla w;g wm iudch fm
51
j;auka w¾nqofha ÿgq kqÿgq me;s
17 m%Yakh (- fyd|hs' fï f.dvk.k m<,a;u fmruqKg kdhl;ajh foñka cd;sl ksoyi Èkd.ekSug;a" rfÜ nrm;, .eg¨ úi£ug;a Tfí mCIhg yelshdj ;sfnkjdo@ Tn th ;yjqre lrkafka flfiao@ á,aúka is,ajd ifydaorhd ( fláfhkau ms<s;=re ÿkafkd;a Tõæ ck;d úuqla;s fmruqK i;=j ta yelshdj ;sfhkjd' ta ú;rla fkfjhs" fï rg fjkia lsÍfï yelshdj ;sfnkafka foaYmd,k mCIhla f,i .;aúg ck;d úuqla;s fmruqKg muKhs lsh,;a wms lshkjd' ta;a iuyre iel lrkak mq¿jka wmsg th l< yelso lsh,d' tjeks whg wms lshkafka wfma Ndú;dj Èyd n,kak lsh,hs' fï rfÜ foaYmd,kh ;=< ck;d úuqla;s fmruqfKa wms fudk ;rï wdo¾Yhka §,d ;sfhkjo@ fudk ;rï lemlsÍï lr,d ;sfhkjo@ wfma rgg lemlsÍfï yd mß;Hd.fha wdo¾Yh ÿkafka wfma mCIh ú;rhs' rg fjkqfjka ;ukaf.a ±kqu" yelshdj" ld,h muKla fkfjhs wjYH kï ðú; mjd mß;Hd. l< yelshs lshk tl Ndú;dfjka Tmamq 52
j;auka w¾nqofha ÿgq kqÿgq me;s
lrmq tlu mCIh wmshs' fï jkúg;a fï rgg fjkak .sh úYd, úkdYhka /ila wms j
j;auka w¾nqofha ÿgq kqÿgq me;s
m;a ckhdg msysgùu tl WodyrKhla ú;rhs' uyck uqo,a kdia;s fkdlr iafõÉPd Y%ufhka ck;d fiajd bgq lsÍug wms fndfyda foa lr,d ;sfhkjd' iqkdñfhka úkdY jqKq uqyqÿnv ÿïßh ud¾.h Èk 57lska yo,d úma,jhla lsÍug uq,a jqfKa ÿïßh fomd¾;fïka;=fõ ck;d úuqla;s fmruqfKa jD;a;Sh iñ;shhs' wo;a .d,af,a ;sfnk nia kej;=ïm, wdKAvqfõ uqo,a fkdf.k bÈlr ÿkafka" ys;j;=kaf.a Woõ iys;j ck;d úuqla;s fmruqKhs' ta jf.au jegqma fkdf.k fiajh lrk uyck ksfhdað;hka ks¾udKh lf
54
j;auka w¾nqofha ÿgq kqÿgq me;s
18 m%Yakh (- wjidk jYfhka Tn Y%S ,dxlSh ck;djg fok mKsjqvh l=ulao@ fidaujxY wurisxy ifydaorhd ( wfma rg" wfma wdorKSh ud;D N+ñh nrm;, iudc" wd¾Ól" foaYmd,k w¾nqohl mj;sk nj wms ljqre;a okakjd' wfma rg wd¾Ól jYfhka mj;skafk w.dOhl' foaYmd,k jYfhka wfma rg mrdëk fj,d' ixialD;sl jYfhka msßys,d' fuh fjkia l< hq;=hs' fjkia l< yelshs' ta i|yd Bg fya;= jQ ienE lreKq f;areï .; hq;=hs' wms mj;akd udkisl jy,aNdjfhka ñÈh hq;=hs' Bkshd ksoyiska miq jir 60la ;siafia isÿ jQ ;Ügq udre foaYmd,khg kej;Sfï ;s; ;eìh hq;=hs' ienE cd;sl ksoyi yryd ksoyia cd;shla f,i wNsudkfhka wms ke.S isáh hq;=hs' iuDoaêu;a wd¾Ólhla f.dvk.d ÿ.S ÿmam;alu ;=rka l< hq;=hs' iudÔh yd ixialD;sl jYfhka jvd;a Wiia ;;ajhg fï rg m;a l< hq;=hs' 55
j;auka w¾nqofha ÿgq kqÿgq me;s
b;d jákd iajNdúl iïm;a /ilska fmdfydi;a wfma rg" b;du ÈhqKq yd oCI udkj iïm;la ysñ wfma rg fufia ÿmam;aj ;sìh hq;= keye' bmerKs ixialD;shlg" fm%!V b;sydihlg Wreulï lshk wfma ck;dj fufia §kNdjhg" jy,aNdjhg m;aúh hq;= keye' wms wfma rg h<s;a w;am;a lrf.k th by
56
ÿgq kqÿgq me;s
kshuqjd m%ldYkhla I
II
j;auka w¾nqofha
ÿgq kqÿgq me;s ck;d úuqla;s fmruqfKa kdhl
fidaujxY wurisxy ifydaorhd iy
ck;d úuqla;s fmruqfKa m%Odk f,alï
á,aúka is,ajd ifydaorhd
kshuqjd m%ldYkhla III
j;auka w¾nqofha ÿgq fkdÿgq me;s © kshuqjd m%ldYk m%:u uqøKh 2008 wf.daia;= fojk uqøKh 2008 Tlaf;dan¾ ISBN 978-955-8696-11-8
ish¨ úuiSï( kshuqjd m%ldYlfhda 198$19" mxÑldj;a; mdr fld
IV
fmrjok Y%S ,xldj ish b;sydih ;=< b;d ;shqKq yerjqï ,CIhlg meñK ;sfí' tla w;lska wd¾Ólh úYd, w¾nqohlg f.dÿreù we;' ck;djg ish ffoksl Ôú;h mj;ajdf.k hdu mjd wiSrejk ;rug w¾nqoh W.%ù we;' fïjk úg;a ,xldj l,dmfha rgj,a w;r jeäu WoaOuk m%;sY;h jd¾;d lrñka isà' ta w;r fldá ;%ia;jdohg tfrys hqoaOh f;drïn,a lrñka fnÿïjdoh fjk;a me;a;lska Yla;su;a lsÍfï W;aidyhla iQCIu f,i Èh;a fjñka mj;S' wm rg ish wd¾Ól yd foaYmd,k hg;aúð;hla njg m;alr .ekSu i|yd bkaÈhdj m%uqL l,dmSh n,j;a;=o" weußld tlai;a ckmoh yd ngysr hqfrdamSh wêrdcHjd§yqo lei ljñka isá;s' ta i|yd Tjqyq úúOdldrfhka wm rgg n,mEï lrñka isá;s' fujeks ixlS¾K ikao¾Nhla ;=< jfï jHdmdrfha l%shdldß;ajh w;sYh m%fõYfuka f;dard.; hq;a;ls' fuu w¾nqoh yuqfõ ixfõ§;ajh yd wr.,ldÍ;ajh j¾Okh jQ mka;s n,fõ. ixúOdkh lr ta jgd wêrdcjdofhka mSvdjg m;ajQ ish¨ n,fõ. f.dkq lsÍfï j.lSu jfï jHdmdrh fj; mejÍ we;' tu l%shdj,sh ;=< § ndysr i;=re n,fõ. iu. igka lsÍu fukau mCI wNHka;rfha u;=úh yels wjia:djd§ m%jK;d mrdch lsÍuo tlfia jeo.;ah' tu l¾;jHh i|yd m%:ufhkau mj;sk foaYmd,k ;;ajh ksjerÈj ú.%y lr .ekSu;a" tu ;;ajh ;=< tla tla foaYmd,k n,fõ.hkaf.a N+ñldjka jgyd .ekSu;a l< hq;=h' fï fudfyd; jkdyS wm uqyqK md we;s foaYmd,k wNsfhda.h;a tu wNsfhda.h bÈßfha ck;d úuqla;s fmruqK úiska .kq ,nk Wmdhud¾.sl yd V
Wml%ñl l%shdud¾.;a ms<sn| ixjdohla we;s ù ;sfnk fudfyd;ls' tfukau ta ms<sn|j w;sYh idjµ u; yd wj,do m;=rejñka ;sfnk fudfyd;ls' fï jkúg iudch ;=< idlÉPd fjñka mj;sk m%Yak lsysmhla iy ck;d úuqla;s fmruqfKa kdhl fidaujxY wurisxy ifydaorhd;a m%Odk f,alï á,aúka is,ajd ifydaorhd;a tu m%Yak i|yd olajk woyia fuu lD;sh ;=< wka;¾.; ù we;' fuu jHdhduh id¾:l lr .ekSu i|yd iydh ÿka ieug wmf.a ia;+;sh msßkefï'
kshuqjd m%ldYlfhda 2008'08'25
VI
mgqk
msgq wxlh
T
c'ú'fm' iy wdKavqj
01
T
mCIfha .uka u.
16
T
úfoia n,mEï
25
T
rfÜ foaYmd,kh iy c'ú'fm'
33
T
bÈß jevms<sfj<
44
VII
j;auka w¾nqofha ÿgq kqÿgq me;s
c'ú'fm' iy wdKavqj 1 m%Yakh (- j;auka wdKAvqj msysgqùug uq,a jqfKa;a c'ú'fm' hs' ta jf.au uyskao rdcmCI uy;d ckdêm;s lrùug úYd, l¾hNdrhla lf
j;auka w¾nqofha ÿgq kqÿgq me;s
Y%S ,xldjg b;du ydkslr jQ Bkshd igka úrdu .súiqulg t
tlai;a ck;d ksoyia ikaOdk wdKAvqj msysgqùfï§;a Y%S
j;auka w¾nqofha ÿgq kqÿgq me;s
,xld ksoyia mCI kdhsldj m%Yakhla we;s l
j;auka w¾nqofha ÿgq kqÿgq me;s
;snqK;a wdKavqfõ by< isg my< olajd jQ ish¨ fokdu hqo fmruqfKa Èú mqok fin< fin<shkag;a" ck;djg;a" ,ndfok wdo¾Yh l=ulao@ Tjqka rg fjkqfjka lrk mß;Hd.h l=ulao@ jxpd" ¥IK yd kdia;sh ms<sn| kdhl;ajh imhkafka" Tjqkqhs' tfia jqj;a wdrCIl yuqodj fukau Y%S ,xldfõ ck;dj;a fï wjia:dfõ§ b;d by< uÜgul lemùula" mß;Hd.hla lrñka bkakjd'
fï ¥Is; wdKavqj ;j;a me;a;lska Y%S ,xldj ;=<" bkaÈhdfõ wd¾Ól jHma;jdohg;a" foaYmd,k jHdma;jdohg;a bv i,id ;sfhkjd'
t;ekska kej;s,d keye' ckdêm;sjrhd;a" wdKavqj;a meyeos,s f,iu m%cd;ka;% úfrdaë .ukla hkak wr w¢kjd' Tyq fï jkúg;a ;j §¾> ld,hla n,fha isàu i|yd kHdh m;%hla l%shd;aul lrñka bkakjd' 17 jeks jHjia:d ixfYdaOkh l%shd;aul fkdlr" ta yryd iajdëk ue;sjrK fldñIka iNdj;a iajdëk fmd,sia fldñIka iNdj;a msysgqjkafka ke;=j m
j;auka w¾nqofha ÿgq kqÿgq me;s
mgjkak fkfjhs' ck;dj nÿ nr ordf.k ÿla ú¢oa§ uyck uqo,a fldaá .Kka kdia;s lrkak fkdfjhs' wdKavqfõ fï ÿIag" foaYfødayS" ck;d fødayS foaYmd,k kHdh m;%h fldkafoais úrys;j mrdch l< hq;=hs' ck;d úuqla;s fmruqKg yer fï j.lSu fjk;a mCIhlg bgq l< fkdyelshs'
5
j;auka w¾nqofha ÿgq kqÿgq me;s
2 m%Yakh (- Tfí mCIfha wdKAvq úfrdaë lghq;= ksid t'cd'm'hg yd t,a'à'à'B'hg jdis ,efnk nj;a Tn mCIh wkshñka t'cd'm'hg yd t,a'à'à'B'hg Woõ lrk njg;a iuyre fpdaokd lrkjd' ta .ek Tn lshkafka l=ulao@ á,aúka is,ajd ifydaorhd ( j¾;udk wdKAvqj;a" wdKAvqj fjkqfjka ne
j;auka w¾nqofha ÿgq kqÿgq me;s
m%;sm;a;s yd l%shdud¾. wfma uõìug yd ck;djg ydkslr jQ tajd ksid' ta;a tlai;a cd;sl mCIfha iydfhka rg md,kh lrk fï wdKavqju ;uhs miq.sh wjqreoafoa m
wksla w;g miq.sh ld,fha tlai;a cd;sl mCIh mrdch lsÍug ienEjgu lghq;= lfdaIKh lr,d" md .uka .sys,a," ikaOdkh f.dvk., tlai;a cd;sl mCIh mrdch lsÍug iu;a ck;d n,hla yeÿfj wms' Y%S ,xld ksoyia mCIh ta ldf,a ysáfh merÈ,d' lvdjeá,' wms 2004 ikaOdkh yokfldg uyskao rdcmCI uy;a;hd Bg úreoaOj tlai;a cd;sl mCIh iuÕ wkshñka fm< .eys,hs ysáfha' 2004 wms Y%S ,xld ksoyia mCIh iuÕ ikaOdkh f.dvk.,d blauka uyue;sjrKhla wrf.k tlai;a cd;sl mCI mrdch lsÍug uq,aj lghq;= l
ta jf.au 2006 ckdêm;sjrKfha§ wmg nrm;, .eg¨ /ila ;sìh§ mjd wms uyskao rdcmCI uy;dg Woõ lsÍug lghq;= lf
j;auka w¾nqofha ÿgq kqÿgq me;s
cd;sl mCI m%;sm;a;s meroùug lghq;= lrmq" ta jf.au 2007 fkdjeïn¾ md¾,sfïka;=fõ whjeh ms<sn| Pkao úuiSfï§" tlai;a cd;sl mCIhg wkshñka fyda iyh fkd§ug lghq;= lrmq wmg t'cd'm' ys;jd§ hehs lshkak mq¿jka foaYmd,k l=ylhskag yd ;laläkag muKhs' wfkla w;g fldá ixúOdkh .ek n,kak' wms fldákag Woõ lrdú lsh, isysnqoaêh ;sfhk ljqre;a ms<s.kakjdo@ wfma rfÜ m%Odk foaYmd,k mCI w;r fldá ixúOdkh iuÕ .kqfokq fkdl<" idlÉPd fkdl< yd .súiqï fkd.eiQ tlu foaYmd,k mCIh ck;d úuqla;s fmruqK muKhs' fldá iuÕ .súiqï .ymq ylSï uy;a;hd" f;dKavuka uy;a;hd fï wdKAvqj we;=f,a ;shx ysáh fkao@ ta ldf,a iuyre ylSï yd f;dKavuka uy;ajre foaYfm%aóka f,i kï lsÍug ;rï ÿrÈ. .shd' ta foaYmd,k wjia:djdofha ;ru ;uhs' tf,i lghq;= lrk wh ;uhs" fldákag wkshñka Woõ lrk njg ck;d úuqla;s fmruqKg weÕs,a, È.= lrkafka' ck;d úuqla;s fmruqfKa b;sydih foi n,kak' miq.sh ldf, fldá meroùu i|yd wms .;a; l%shdud¾. ksid fkao wo fï ;rï nrm;, uÜgulg fldá ÿ¾j, lrkak mq¿jka fj,d ;sfhkafka' wms uE; ldf, WodyrK lsysmhla lshkakï' 2002 fmnrjdß —rks,a - m%Nd .súiqu˜ w;aika lr,d rg fn§fï ÈYdjg hkúg ikaOdkh yo,d" tlai;a cd;sl mCIh mroj,d" igka úrdu .súiqu wfydais jk ;ekg foaYmd,kh fm< .eiaiqfõ ljqo@ ck;d úuqla;s fmruqfKa wms' ta jf.au ysgmq ckdêm;sks pkaøsld l=udrK;=x. uy;añh iqkdñ iyk uKav,h yryd W;=re kef.kysr mßmd,k lghq;= fldákag mjrkak lghq;= lrk úg Bg úfrdaOh md weu;slï 04la w;yer ikaOdk wdKavqfjka t<shg neiafi wms fkao@ wo uy f,dl=jg fldá úfrdaëka f,i fmkajkak yok iuyr wh weu;s OQrh fjkqfjka iqkdñ iyk uKav,h ms<s.;a;d' ffu;%smd, isßfiak weu;s;=ud ta ldf, tla;rd mqj;am;lg lsh,d ;snqK ta whg wdKavqjg jvd iqkdñ iyk uKav,h ják nj' t;=ud n,hg yd ;k;=rg lEorlñka iqkdñ iyk uKav,h w.h lroa§ Bg tfrysj ;k;=re w;yer,d t<shg weú,a,d wêlrKh bÈßhg .syska iqkdñ iyk uKav,h wfydais lrj,d m%Ndlrkag jdis ,eîu keje;a;=fõ wms' ta jf.au Bkshd idu l%shdj,sfhka fkda¾fõ bj;a flfrõfõ wms' ta jf.au 1987 § chj¾Ok ckdêm;s;=ud úiska bkaÿ - ,xld .súiqug wkqj W;=rg nf,ka wE|d ;snQ kef.kysr m
j;auka w¾nqofha ÿgq kqÿgq me;s
ixl,amh mrdch lfdaIKh k;r lrdú lsh,hs' keye¦ fudk fya;=jla ksidj;a fï wdKavqfõ jerÈj,g tfrysj ck;dj;a" rg;a fjkqfjka wms lrk Woaf>daIKh yd wr.,h wms k;r lrkafk keye' fï wdKAvqjg úreoaOj tlai;a cd;sl mCIh iuÕ fyda fldá iuÕ tlg jevlrkak wmg wjYH keye' ta i|yd ienE f,iu foaYfm%aó yd m%.;sYS,S ck;d n,fõ.j, iyh wmg ,efnkjd' ta n,fõ. iuÕ tlaj fï iuia; m%;s.dó;ajh mrdch lsÍug wms lghq;= lrkjd'
9
j;auka w¾nqofha ÿgq kqÿgq me;s
3 m%Yakh (- j;auka wdKAvqjg tla ù rg ye§fï ld¾hh Tn uÕyer f.dia we;s njg u;hla ;sfnkjd' wdKavqj iuÕ tlaj lghq;= lsÍug Tn lghq;= fkdlf
j;auka w¾nqofha ÿgq kqÿgq me;s
l,ska uyskao rdcmCI uy;d ;ukaf.a weu;s uKav,h kï l
j;auka w¾nqofha ÿgq kqÿgq me;s
kï ck;d úuqla;s fmruqK wdKavqjg tl;= jQ miq l%shd;aul lrkakg woyia lrk jevms<sfj< l=ula±hs wms idlÉPdfõ uq,§u m%Yak l
j;auka w¾nqofha ÿgq kqÿgq me;s
wfma jevms<sfj<;a" thg Y%S ,xld ksoyia mCIh ÿka ms<s;=r;a" Bg wms ,ndÿka ms<s;=r;a wms ck;dj yuqfõ ;sínd' wjYH kï kej;;a ck;djg bÈßm;a lrkak wms ´kEu úgl iQodkï' Y%S ,xld ksoyia mCIh wmg ÿkak ms<s;=r;a meyeÈ,s tlla fkfjhs' fmdÿ ck tlai;a fmruqfKa;a" Y%S ,xld ksoyia mCIfha;a Èhdre nj" jefkk iq¿ nj" wruqKla ke;slu" ta ms<s;=r uÕska meyeÈ,s jqKd' Bkshd igka úrdu .súiqu wfydais l< hq;= hehs wms wfma .súiqu uÕska fhdackd l
13
j;auka w¾nqofha ÿgq kqÿgq me;s
4 m%Yakh(- Tn lshkafka ck;d úuqla;s fmruqK wdKavqjg iïnkaO fkdùug j.lsj hq;af;a Tn fkdj uyskao rdcmCI uy;d m%uqL wdKavqj njo@ á,aúka is,ajd ifydaorhd ( meyeÈ,sju Tõ' wdKavqj;a" wdKavqfõ ls,sá wmq,a,k wh;a iÕjk i;Hh ;uhs ta' ck;d úuqla;s fmruqK iuÕ tl;= ù jevms<sfj
j;auka w¾nqofha ÿgq kqÿgq me;s
wrf.k idlal=fõ odf.k ta yhsfhka ;ukag leu;s úÈfya md,khla ndOdjlska f;drj lrf.k hkakhs' kuq;a ck;d úuqla;s fmruqK tjeks mgq wruqKqj,g úlsfKk mCIhla fkdjk ksid rdcmCI ckdêm;s;=ud ck;d úuqla;s fmruqK w;yer tlai;a cd;sl mCIfha msßila yd tlaj wdKavq lsßug mgka .;a;d' ´lhs we;a; l;dj'
15
j;auka w¾nqofha ÿgq kqÿgq me;s
mCIfha .uka u. 5 m%Yakh (- ck;d úuqla;s fmruqK ish foaYmd,k Wmdh ud¾.h jroaodf.k isák njg o we;eï wh fpdaokd lrkjd' ta .ek Tfí woyi l=ulao@ fidaujxY wurisxy ifydaorhd ( Th fpdaokd wm fj; t,a, lrk wh Wmdh ud¾.h lshkafka fudllao Wml%u lshkafka fudkjo@ lsh,j;a f;areï wrf.k keye' ck;d úuqla;s fmruqK yeuúgu cd;sl yd cd;Hka;r jYfhka isÿjk ish¨ fjkialï b;d ishqï f,i ksÍlaIKh lrk" úYaf,aIKh lrk ta wkqj ks.ukj,g t
j;auka w¾nqofha ÿgq kqÿgq me;s
m%;sm;a;s tfyu ke;akï újD; wd¾Ól m%;sm;a;sh" tfyu;a ke;akï Bkshd f.da,ShlrKh tlal f,dalh ;=< meyeÈ,s wd¾Ól" foaYmd,k" iudc" ixialD;sl fjkialï isÿfjkak mgka .;a;d' fjk;a jpkj,ska lshkjd kï wêrdcHjdoh kj uqyqKqjrla .;a;d' ta jqk;a fï kj uqyqKqjrla .;a; wêrdcHjdoh;a l,ska jf.au wd¾Ól" foaYmd,k yd ixialD;sl wêrdcHjdohuhs' tfy;a fï kj uqyqKqjrla .;a wêrdcHjdoh jvd idyisl f,i f.da,ShlrKh jqKd' f,dalfha yeu wiaila uq,a,la kEru th me;=reKd' me;sfrõjd' wdishdkq" wm%sldkq" ,;ska weußldkq uyoaúmhkays msysá jdáfha ÿmam;a ÿ¾j, rgj,a" tkï mßêfha rgj,a fï wêrdcHjd§ f.da,ShlrKhg hg jqKd' fldákau lsõfjd;a" wêrdcHjdoh Tijd f.k isák f,dal nexl=j" cd;Hka;r uQ,H wruqo," f,dal fj<| ixúOdkh" tlai;a ckmo fvd,rh jeks Yla;su;a w;aj,ska f,dalh ñßld idrh wêrdcHjd§ rgj,a lrd .,d hdug lghq;= ie,iqKd' hqo n,h fhdod f.k wêrdcH f.dv ke.+ rgj,a ±ka újD; wd¾Ól m%;sm;a;sh fhdod f.k fiiq rgj,a wêrdcHjd§ f.da,ShlrKhg hg lr f.k isákjd' ta ksid fï f.da,ShlrKh ;=< wêrdcHjd§ rgj,a fiiq rgj,aj," úfYaIfhkau Y%S ,xldj jeks ÿ¾j, mßêfha rgj, wd¾Ól" foaYmd,k yd ixialD;sl iaffjÍNdjh" iajdëk;ajh" wNsudkh Wÿrdf.k tajd w¨;au mkakhl hg;aúð; njg nd,aÿ lr ;sfnkjd' fï jy,aNdjh" hg;aùu fmkqfuka fjkia jqK;a yrfhka merKs hg;aúð; hq.fha mej;s jy,aNdjhuhs' hg;aùuuhs' fï w¨;a l%shdj,sh wms h<s-hg;aúð;lrKh f,i y÷kd .;a;d' 70 oYlfha w. isg t,a, jqKq fï m%ydrhg hgjqfKa ke;af;a Yla;su;a cd;sl wd¾Ólhla i;=j mej;s Ökh" bkaÈhdj" reishdj jeks rgj¨;a ;ukaf.a rfÜ iaffjÍNdjh;a" iajdëk;ajh;a" wdrlaId lr .ksñka f,dal nexl=fõ" cd;Hka;r uQ,H wruqof,a wd§ wdh;kj,ska t,a, jQ ;¾ck" .¾ck" n,mEï Bkshd jHqyd;aul m%;sixialrK m%;slafIam lrkakg ;rï ffO¾h iïmkak jQ uy;S¾ fudyuâ uy;df.a uef,aishdj jf.a rgj¨;a muKhs'
fï w¨;a ;;ajh f;areï .;a; ck;d úuqla;s fmruqK b;d 17
j;auka w¾nqofha ÿgq kqÿgq me;s
ksjerÈ f,i Y%S ,xldfõ iaffjÍNdjh" iajdëk;ajh wNsudkh Y%S ,xldjg h<s w;am;a lr .ekSu i|yd tfia ke;akï h<s hg;aúð;lrK l%shdj,sh mrdch lsÍu i|yd kj mkakfha cd;sl úuqla;s jHdmdrhl wjYH;djh ms<sn|j wjOdrKh l
Wmdh ud¾.h yd Wml%u ms<sn|j meyeÈ,s wjfndaOhla ke;s" foaYmd,k ;;ajh u;=msáka muKla ±l th úYaf,aIKh lrkakg wiu;a jQ lSm fofkla ck;d úuqla;s fmruqKg tfrysj t,a, lrk fpdaokdj iïmQ¾Kfhkau j,x.= fjkafka" Tjqkag ñi wmg fkdfjhs' jroaod .;a Tjqka kqÿre wkd.;fha§ kj;skafka" uyskao rdcmlaI uy;df.a Tfvdlal=j u; nj kï wmg iy;sl lr,d lshkak mq¿jka' fï fpdaokd wmg oud .ik wh fï fudfydf;a;a rdcmlaI md,khg iqÿ yqKq .dñka isák ms<sl=,a iy.; wdldrh foi n,k úg Tjqkaf.a bÈß .uka u. flfia fõú±hs ys;d.kak wudre keye'
ta ú;rla fkdfjhs" ±ka fï ck;d úuqla;s fmruqK Wmdh ud¾.slj msg mek, lsh,d ú.%y bÈßm;a lrkafka" ta .ek ÿla fjkafk" wfma mCIfha idudðlhkag wduka;%Kh lrkafk ljqo@ uyskao rdcmCI uy;df.a wdKavqjg mCImd;S mqj;am;aj,g ,sms ,shk yd rcfha úµq;a udOH kd,sldj, foaYmd,k ú.%y bÈßm;a lrk uy;ajre yd ck;d úuqla;s fmruqfKka m,d.sh wh fkao@ wms Wmdh ud¾.fhka msg mek, kï talg uyskao rdcmCI uy;df.a wdKAvqj i;=gq fjkak ´kfka' wfma i;=rka i;=gq fjkak ´kfka' wehs Tjqka fï lsUq,a l÷¿ fy
j;auka w¾nqofha ÿgq kqÿgq me;s
fndrejg wms .ek l÷¿ fy
19
j;auka w¾nqofha ÿgq kqÿgq me;s
6 m%Yakh (- miq.sh ld,fha ck;d úuqla;s fmruqK ;=< lsishï w¾nqohla we;s jqKd' Bg fya;= jQfha u;jd§ .eg¿jla nj;a" c'ú'fm Wmdh ud¾.slj jerÈ uÕl .sh ksid nj;a we;euqka lshkjd' Tn óg tlÕo@@ á,aúka is,ajd ifydaorhd ( we;a;gu ck;d úuqla;s fmruqK ;=< w¾nqohla we;s jqKd fkfjhs' tla;rd mqoa.,fhla ck;d úuqla;s fmruqK ;=< w¾nqohla ks¾udKh jk f,i lghq;= l
j;auka w¾nqofha ÿgq kqÿgq me;s
uq,§ wkqlïmdj Èkd.ekSu i|yd ÿlafjñka w~ñka ;uka mCIfhka bj;a fldg ;snQ njg fndre lshñka .sh Tyq miqj Tyqf.a ienE wruqKq fmkajñka rdcmCI wdKAvqfõ mQ¾K iyfhda.h yd wdYs¾jdoh u; w¨;ska mCIhla msysgqjd ,shdmÈxÑ lr.;a;d' ck;d úuqla;s fmruqK ;=< ;ud l< l=uka;%KldÍ" úkh úfrdaë lghq;= jix fldg Bg u;jd§ wdjrKhla§u i|yd ±ka u;jd§ m%Yakhla u;=lr ;sfnkjd' ck;d úuqla;s fmruqfKa Wmdh ud¾.h ms<sn|j yd wms wfma Wmdh ud¾.h jroaodf.k ke;s nj ±kgu;a meyeÈ,s fldg we;s ksid ta .ek h<s l;d lsÍug wjYH keye' ta;a wfma mCIfha w;S;fha isgu ;snQ u;jd§ ixjdo yd wm ;SrK f.k l%shd;aul jQ wdldrh hï muKla meyeÈ,s l< hq;= fjkjd' wfma mCIh ;ks mqoa.,fhlaf.a u;hg jevlrk taldêm;s mCIhla fkdfjhs' ta jf.au tfyhshkaf. mCIhl=;a fkfjhs' mCI m%cd;ka;%jdoh b;du;a fyd¢ka l%shd;aul jk ,xldfõ ;sfnk tlu mCIh wfma mCIhhs' wfma mCIfha ks¾ud;D frdayK úfÊùr ifydaorhd mCIfha kdhl;ajh ormq ld,fha isg fï olajd tu m%cd;ka;%jdoh wms mj;ajdf.k weú;a ;sfhkjd' wms nrm;, foaYmd,k ;SrK .kafka iduQysljhs' tlaflda ta i|yd mCI iuq¿fjka ;SrK .kakjd' ke;akï uOHu ldrl iNdfjka ;SrK .kakjd' fï i|yd jeämqru Ndú;d fjkafk uOHu ldrl iNdjhs' ´kEu lreKlÈ ta lreK ms<sn|j uOHu ldrl iNdfõ tla tla idudðlhdg we;s woyia ksoyfia bÈßm;a lsÍug bv ;sfhkjd' miqj ta woyia ms<sn|j ixjdo lrkjd' lsisfjla ;ukaf.a u;h wka wh u; nf,ka mgjkafk keye' lreKq lshd§ ta;a;= .ekaùu yd ms<s.ekaùuhs lrkafka' wjidkfha nyq;rfha u;hg wkqj ljqre;a l%shd;aul fjkjd' wfma mCIh miq.sh ld,hla mqrdu lghq;= lf
j;auka w¾nqofha ÿgq kqÿgq me;s
ixjdo l
01' uyskao rdcmCI uy;dg iydh§u'
02' uyskao rdcmCI uy;dg iyh § wdKAvqfõ fldgialrefjla ùu' 03' ;ksju ;rÕ je§u hk fhdackd ;snqKd' ta .ek idlÉPd l
j;auka w¾nqofha ÿgq kqÿgq me;s
uq,È;a meyeÈ,s l
j;auka w¾nqofha ÿgq kqÿgq me;s
;u n,h Yla;su;a lr.ekSu i|yd wmj tlaflda ;k;=rej,g ñ,§ .ekSug" ke;skï wjk; lr.ekSughs' wfma wruqK tal fkfjhs' wmsg mejereKq ft;sydisl j.lSula ;sfnkjd' ta" fï rfÜ ienE cd;sl ksoyi Èkd.ekSfï;a wd¾Ól ixj¾Okh we;s lsÍfï;a ienE cd;sl iuÕsh f.dvke.Sfï;a ÈYdjg rg /f.k hdu' uyskao rdcmCI uy;d msgqmEfõ" tu wruqKghs' thska miqj ;uhs" wms kj cd;sl fmruqKla f.dvke.Sug ;SrKh lf
24
j;auka w¾nqofha ÿgq kqÿgq me;s
úfoia n,mEï 7 m%Yakh (- ,xldjg cd;sl ksoyi Èkd.; hq;= njg c'ú'fm' fndfydaúg m%ldY lrkjd' tjeks wdldrfha ksoyia wr.,hla wjYH ù ;sfnkafka wehs@ ,xldjg ;sfnk úfoaY n,mEï l=uk wdldrfha tajdo@ fidaujxY wurisxy ifydaorhd( l,ska i|yka l< wdldrhg m
j;auka w¾nqofha ÿgq kqÿgq me;s
Y%S ,xldfõ iaffjÍNdjhg;a" fN!ñl wLKav;djhg;a nrm;< wNsfhda.hla t,a, lr we;s fnÿïjd§ ;%ia;jd§kag Wvf.ä fok fï rgj,a Y%S ,xldj folv lsÍu i|yd fmaù bkakjd' ta cd;sl m%Yakho ovóud lrf.k Y%S ,xldj l;d lrk NdId Tiafia ÿ¾j, rdcH follg lvd ì| wfma uõìu wd¾Ól" foaYmd,k yd ixialD;sl jYfhka hgm;a lr .ekSu i|ydhs'
26
j;auka w¾nqofha ÿgq kqÿgq me;s
8 m%Yakh (- Y%S ,xldjg tfrysj isÿjk j¾;udk bkaÈhdkq ueÈy;aùu Tn olskafka fldfyduo@ fidaujxY wurisxy ifydaorhd ( j¾;udk bkaÈhdkq ueÈy;aùu w;S; bkaÈhdkq ueÈy;aùug jvd fjkia tlla fkdfjhs' wo we;s fjki kï bkaÈhdkq wdêm;Hjd§ka wfma rgg Tjqkaf.a yuqod tjd keye' tmuKhs' 1980 .Kkaj,§ Y%S ,xldfõ fnÿïjd§ ;%ia;jd§ ixúOdkj,g ikakoaO mqyqKqj ÿkafka" bkaÈhdjhs' tajd ikakoaO lf
j;auka w¾nqofha ÿgq kqÿgq me;s
,xldjg tõjd' tu.ska Y%S ,xld rdcHh ÿ¾j, l
j;auka w¾nqofha ÿgq kqÿgq me;s
,xldj jf.a mqxÑ rgl ;ks rgl wd¾Ól l,dmhla i|yd fyda fï id úYd, bvula fjka lsÍu wiajdNdúlhs' wka;rdldÍhs' fï bvu meyeÈ,s f,iu bkaÈhdfõ yd bkaÈhdfõ w¨;au ñ;=rd jQ tlai;a ckmofha hqo Wmdh ud¾.hg wjYH;d bgq lsÍu i|ydhs' B<Õg mq,auqfâ LKsc je,s tl;= lr .ekSu;a bkaÈhdj w;am;a lr .;a;d' mq,auqfâ isg idïmQ¾ ceáh fj; —.dkaê udj;˜ kñka wêfõ.S ud¾.hla bÈlrñka isákafka ta i|ydhs' lkalika;=f¾ isfuka;s lïy,;a bkaÈhdj w;am;a lr .;a;d' ukakdrfï msysá f;,a iïm;;a bkaÈhdjg ÿkakd' ,efnk ,dNfhka Y%S ,xldjg ,efnkafka oyfhka mx.=jhs' idïmQ¾" mq,auqfâ" lkalika;=f¾" ukakdru fï fou< B
fldákau bkaÈhdj Y%S ,xldj ;=< m<,a lrk wd¾Ól 29
j;auka w¾nqofha ÿgq kqÿgq me;s
wdêm;Hhg iß,k mßÈ foaYmd,k wdêm;Hho m<,a lrñka bkakjd' fï jk úg 13 jeks jHjia:d ixfYdaOkhg;a jvd bÈßhg f.dia W;=rg yd kef.kysrg n,h fnok f,i Y%S ,xldjg n, lrk ;rugu bkaÈhdj idyisl fj,d' W;=re m
30
j;auka w¾nqofha ÿgq kqÿgq me;s
9 m%Yakh (- Tn foaYmd,k jqjukdjka i|yd wkjYH bkaÈhka úfrdaOhla u;= lrk njg iuyre fpdaokd lrkjd' ta .ek''@ á,aúka is,ajd ifydaorhd ( bkaÈhdj fï fudfydf;a wfma rg ;=< wd¾Ólhg yd foaYmd,khg lr ;sfnk ueÈy;aùu ienúkau fkdokakd wh tfia is;kak mq¿jka' tjeks wh i|yd ;uhs wms fï lreKq meyeÈ,s lrkafk' ta w;r bkaÈhdjg hgjqKq" §k;ajhg m;ajqKq wh;a" bkaÈhdjg úlsKqkq wh;a fï úÈfha fpdaokd k.kjd' ta wh .ek wkqlïmd lrkjd yer fjk l< yels fohla keye' i;Hh kï wmg bkaÈhdj iuÕ fm!oa.,sl .egqula keye' bkaÈhdj wfma wi,ajeishd' ta;a wi,ajeis bkaÈhdj ;u n,h fmkak,d wfma rfÜ iaffjÍNdjh yd iajdëk;ajh fkdi,ld lghq;= lrkjdg uõìfï iajdëk;ajh yd iaffjÍNdjh Èú fojeks fldg 31
j;auka w¾nqofha ÿgq kqÿgq me;s
rlsk mCIhla f,i Bg tfrysj y~ kÕkak wmg isÿfjkjd' bkaÈhdj wd¾Ól jYfhka wfma rgg ueÈy;afj,d ;sfhkafka fldfyduo" fudk fCIa;%j,o lsh,d by;§ wms meyeÈ,s l
32
j;auka w¾nqofha ÿgq kqÿgq me;s
rfÜ foaYmd,kh iy c'ú'fm' 10 m%Yakh (- fldá ixúOdkh meroùug igka lrk rdcmCI wdKAvqj rg mdjd§ug fyda fnÿïjdoh Èkùug lghq;= fkdlrk njg ;¾lhla ;sfnkjd' ta .ek Tfí woyi l=ulao@ á,aúka is,ajd ifydaorhd ( jeo.;alu ;sfhkafk fndre ;¾lj, fkfjhs' m%dfhda.slj we;a;gu isÿjk foa ;=
j;auka w¾nqofha ÿgq kqÿgq me;s
ta;a ±ka wdKAvqj fuu hqoaOh wdjrKhla lr.ksñka rg mdjd foñka bkakjd' th yx.kak neye' tal ;uhs we;a;' wo rdcmCI md,kh bkaÈhdj bÈßfha oK .y,d" ksjg fj,d bkaÈhdkq Wjukdj wkqj wfma wd¾Ól yd foaYmd,k lghq;= yiqrejkjd' fï lreKq wms l,skq;a meyeÈ,s l
j;auka w¾nqofha ÿgq kqÿgq me;s
md,kh lrk iNdjla taú' bkamiq tu m
j;auka w¾nqofha ÿgq kqÿgq me;s
±ka wdKavqjg wu;l fj,do@ fï ish,af,ka meyeÈ,s fjkafka wka lsisjla fkdfjhs' wdKavqj tla w;lska bkaÈhdjg hgfj,d' wksla w;ska —hqoaO ch.%yK˜j,ska u;afj,d" ysi Wÿïud f.k jerÈ ;SrK .ksñka rg mdjd§ug;a fnÿïjdoh iúu;a lsÍug;a lghq;= lrk njhs'
36
j;auka w¾nqofha ÿgq kqÿgq me;s
11 m%Yakh (- Tfí mCIfha ú.%yhg wkqj uyskao rdcmCI md,kh .uka lrñka ;sfnkafka l=uk ÈYdjlgo@ fidaujxY wurisxy ifydaorhd (
uyskao rdcmCI ckdêm;sjrhd fï jk úg ;ukag ,enqK ckjrug msgqmd hñka bkakjd' m
j;auka w¾nqofha ÿgq kqÿgq me;s
kuq;a rdcmlaI uy;df.a wdKavqfõ j.lsj hq;= weu;sjre Y%S ,xldfõ ikaëh l%uhla ia:dms; l< hq;=hhs lshkjd' ;j;a iuyr weu;sjre" uyweu;sjre m
B<Õg cd;sl wd¾Ólh f.dv ke.Su m%cd;ka;%jdoh Yla;su;a lsÍu" udOH ksoyi ;yjqre lsÍu" hy md,kh ia:dms; lsÍu iy ;j;a fCIa;%j,§ ckdêm;s rdcmlaI uy;d;a" ta uy;df.a wdKavqj;a iïmQ¾Kfhkau wid¾:l fj,d ;sfnkjd' ta uy;df.a msysgg we;af;a ;%súO yuqodj, yd fmd,sisfha ùfrdaodr fin<shka yd fin¿ka Ôú; mß;Hd. lrñka fnÿïjd§ ;%ia;jdohg tfrysj lrk hqo lghq;= muKhs' ta hqo lghq;=j,§ ,nk ch.%yK muKhs' ckdêm;s uyskao rdcmlaI uy;d fï jk úg meyeÈ,s f,iu wdrlaIl yuqod hqo fmruqfKa ,nk ch.%yK fnÿïjdohg;a bkaÈhdjg;a mdjd fokak wjYH jd;djrKh ilia lrñka bkakjd' B<Õg m%cd;ka;% úfrdaë f,i" iodpdr úfrdaë f,i È.gu n,fha isàu i|yd n, jHdmD;shla Èh;a lr ;sfnkjd' {d;s ñ;% .Khd w;g rfÜ n,h;a rfÜ Okh;a leá lrñka bkakjd' uyskao rdcmCI wdKavqj ±ka fmkajk ,CIK wkqj —udfldaia mkakfha˜ md,khla fj; .uka lrñka ;sfnk nj wmg fmakjd' fï fudfydf;a th ±lSug wiu;a whg th bÈßfha§ f;areï .ekSug yelsfõú' ms,smSkfha udfldaia md,k iufha§;a rg;a" wd¾Ólh;a md,kh lf
j;auka w¾nqofha ÿgq kqÿgq me;s
12 m%Yakh (- ±ka tlai;a cd;sl mCIh;a wdKavqjg tfrysj y~ kÕkjd' ;ukag n,h b,a,kjd' tlai;a cd;sl mCIhg h<s n,hg taug yelshdjla ;sfnkjd hehs is;sh yelso@ á,aúka is,ajd ifydaorhd ( tlai;a cd;sl mCIhg h<s n,hg taug yelshdjla we;ehs wm is;kafka keye' ta jf.au Tjqkag h<s n,hg taug bv Èh hq;=;a keye' wo fï rg m;aj ;sfnk úkdYfha wdrïNl j.W;a;rlrejka TjqKqhs' fï úkdYldÍ" fld,a,ldÍ újD; wd¾Ól m%;sm;a;sh ks¾udKh lf
j;auka w¾nqofha ÿgq kqÿgq me;s
wfkla w;g wo tlai;a cd;sl mCIh nrm;, f,i ÿ¾j, fj,d ;sfhkjd' úl%uisxy uy;df.a kdhl;ajhg tfrysj ;snQ wNHka;r wr.,h ±ka m%isoaO ;,hg weú,a,d' ta jf.au tlai;a cd;sl mCIfha m%n, kdhlhska 24la ±ka bkafka wdKavqfõ' rgg w¨;a udj;la" m%;sm;a;shla bÈßm;a lsÍug Tjqkag neye' tlai;a cd;sl mCIh ±ka foaYmd,kh jYfhka wNdjhg hñka ;sfnk mCIhla f,ihs wms olskafk' j¾;udkfha tys bkafk ngysrg wkqj ys;k yd jev lrk kdhlhska' fï <ÕÈ tia'î' Èidkdhl uy;d lsõfõ l=ulao@ Tyq lsõfj;a rdcH iïm;a" cd;sl iïm;a úl=Kkafka ke;sj rgla ÈhqKq lrkak neye lsh,hs' uõìfï whs;sh .ek l;d lsÍu fudavlula f,i;a ye¢kajqjd' b;sx tf,i ys;k kdhlhska bkak mCIhlska wfma rgg jevla ;sfhkjo@ keye' wo isÿúh hq;af;a tlai;a cd;sl mCIh ;=< isák wjxl" rgg ys;e;s wh bka bj;aùuhs' th isÿjk nj wmg fmakjd' ta ksid h<s;a ;Ügq udre l%uhg tlai;a cd;sl mCI md,khla i|yd ck;dj lghq;= lrdú lsh, wms ys;kafka keye' Tjqkaf.a hq.h bjrhs'
40
j;auka w¾nqofha ÿgq kqÿgq me;s
13 m%Yakh(- j¾;udkfha Y%S ,xldj uqyqK § isák iudc" wd¾Ól" foaYmd,k w¾nqohg Tn bÈßm;a lrk úi÷u l=ulao@ á,aúka is,ajd ifydaorhd( j¾;udkfha wfma rfÜ mj;skafka" b;du nrm;, iudc" wd¾Ól" foaYmd,k w¾nqohla nj we;a;' Bg ksjerÈ úµd;aul ms<s;=re fidhk ´kEu ixúOdkhla fï m%Yak foi u;= msáka fkdn,d tajd ìysùug fya;=mdol jQ lreKq fidhd.; hq;= fjkjd' wms olsk úÈyg Y%S ,xldj miq.dó OfkaIajr ixj¾Okhla iys; rgla' wms iajNdúl yd udkj iïm;a w;ska yqÕla fmdfydi;a rgla' ta;a wms wd¾Ól jYfhka ÿmam;a ù ;sfnkjd' Bg fya;=j wms ;ju;a ienE cd;sl ksoyi Èkdf.k fkd;sîuhs' wfma rfÜ j;auka w¾nqofha fya;= wdrïN fjkafk ;rula wE; w;S;fha isg' wms 1815 isg jir 133la ì%;dkHhkaf.a hg;aúð;hla f,i wêrdcHjdohg hg;aj meje;=Kd' iQrdlEug ,lajqKd' j¾;udkfha ;sfnk fndfyda iudc 41
j;auka w¾nqofha ÿgq kqÿgq me;s
wd¾Ól .eg¨ mgka .;af;a tu md,kh ;=
j;auka w¾nqofha ÿgq kqÿgq me;s
yd hy md,kh ia:dms; l< hq;= fjkjd' fuh cd;sl ksoyi Èkd .ekSu;a iuÕ iïnkaO jk iudc mßj¾;khla ;=<ska bgqlr.; hq;= ld¾hhla f,ihs wms olskafka' ta i|yd m<,a;u foaYfm%aó yd m%.;sYS,S n,fõ.hkaf.a wdKavqjla msysgqúh hq;= o fjkjd'
43
j;auka w¾nqofha ÿgq kqÿgq me;s
bÈß jevms<sfj< 14 m%Yakh (- wms kej;;a c'ú'fm' Wmdh ud¾.hg yefruq' cd;sl ksoyia wr.,h yryd iudcjdohg hkqfjka bÈßm;a fjk Wmdhud¾.hg wkqj Tfí ñ;=re n,fõ. fudkjdo@ fï wr.,fha kdhl;ajh .kafka ljqo@ fï .ek meyeÈ,s lsÍula lf
j;auka w¾nqofha ÿgq kqÿgq me;s
jYfhkq;a th tfiau isÿ fjkjd'
fï l%shdj,shg odhl jk Y%S ,xldfõ foaYmd,k mCI ms<sn|j i,ld n,k úg tajd fï h<s-hg;aúð;lrK l%shdj,sh Èh;ajQ 70 oYlfha isgu tu l%shdj,sh iuÕ ±ä f,i ne£ isáhd' isákjd' kuq;a fï h<s-hg;aúð;lrK l%shdj,shg wjxl f,iu tfrys jk ;ks ;ks mqoa.,hska fï mlaI ;=<;a fjk;a ixúOdk ;=<;a isàfï yelshdj ;sfnkjd'
m%.;sYS,S" foaYfm%aó" m%cd;ka;%jd§" udkj ys;jd§" mßir ys;jd§ foaYmd,k mlaI" ixúOdk yd ;ks ;ks mqoa.,hska h<s hg;aúð;lrKhg tfrysj cd;sl jYfhka fukau cd;Hka;r jYfhkao fm< .eiS ;sfnkjd' Y%S ,xldfõ fm< .eiSï foi n,k úg h<shg;aúð;lrK l%shdj,shg fo.sähdjlska f;drj tfrysj isák n,fõ. w;=ßka fmruqK .; hq;af;a;a f.k we;af;a;a ck;d úuqla;s fmruqKhs'
45
j;auka w¾nqofha ÿgq kqÿgq me;s
15 m%Yakh (- m
j;auka w¾nqofha ÿgq kqÿgq me;s
yels fohla fkfjhs' ta jf.au j¾;udkfha cd;sl ksoyi muKla fjkuÈkd.ekSu o m, rys;hs' cd;sl ksoyi Èkd. ekSu iudc mßj¾;khla iuÕ .eg.eiS ;sfnkafka ta ksihs' wo wêrdcH úfrdaë n,fõ. w;r Yla;su;a n,fõ. jkafka" jevlrk ck;d n,fõ. we;=¿ mka;s n,fõ.hs' ta ksid mka;s n,fõ. ;=
wfkla w;g cd;sl n,fõ. mka;s n,fõ.j,ska bj;a lsÍug" 47
j;auka w¾nqofha ÿgq kqÿgq me;s
fjka lsÍug" yqfol,d lsÍug ljqreka fyda W;aidy lrkjdkï Tyq meyeÈ,sju m%;s.dó;ajfha jqjukd bgq lrkafkla fjkjd'
fuh m%dfhda.slj .;a;;a meyeÈ,s fjkjd' fldá mrok hqoaOh lrk w;f¾ fjk;a wr., l< hq;= keye lshk u;h m%fõYfuka f;areï.; hq;=hs' fldá mrok igkg ienE f,iu ndOdlrk wkjYH wr., lD;%su f,i wdrïN lrkafkakï th .eg¨jla nj we;a;' miq.sh ldf,a hqoaOh lrk w;r iuyre idu md .uka .sfha" tajd b;d nrm;,hs' ta;a hqoaOh lrk w;r wêrdcHjdoh l%shd;aul jk wfkla fCIa;%j, ^úfYaIfhka wd¾Ól yd foaYmd,k fCIa;%fha& u;=jk .eg¨j,§ wr., lsßu w;HjYHhs' ukao tajdo" wêrdcH úfrdaë wr., jk ksid' WodyrK f,i wOHdmkh úlsKSug tfrys wr.," cd;sl iïm;a úlsKSug" c, iïm; úlsKSug tfrys wr., .; yelshs'
ta jf.au ck;dj nrm;, f,i mSvdjg m;a lrñka md,lhska w;a;fkdau;sl f,i kdia;sldÍ f,i lghq;= lrkjd kï ;u whs;Ska fjkqfjka wr., lsÍug tlS ck fldgiaj,g whs;sh ;sfhkjd' th hqoaOhg ndOdjla fkfjhs' nvq ñ, wvq lrk f,i b,a,d lrk wr.," iyk b,a,d lrk f.dú wr.," jegqma b,a,d lrk fiajl wr., idOdrK jkafka ta wkqjhs' tu wr., yryd iúu;a jkafka" ixúOdkh jkafka wêrdcH úfrdaë n,fõ.hs' hqoaOh ksud lrk ;=re whs;Ska b,a,kak tmd lshñka wdKAvqj uyck uqo,a kdia;s lrk úg thg tlÕùug lsisÿ foaYfm%añfhl=g neye' lïlrejkag udihlg remsh,a 5000lska jegqma jeä lsÍu m%;sfCIam lrk wdKavqj" Bg uqo,a ke;s nj mjik wdKavqj" W;=reueo yd inr.uqj m
j;auka w¾nqofha ÿgq kqÿgq me;s
fndr f;,a ñ, by< .shdu th wjia:djla lrf.k nÿ nrla mgjd ,xldfõ f;,a ñ, by< ±uQ wdKavqj ±ka fï Èkj, f,dal fj<|fmdf
49
j;auka w¾nqofha ÿgq kqÿgq me;s
16 m%Yakh (- fyd|hs" Tn kj cd;sl fmruqKla ye§ug ;SrKh lf
j;auka w¾nqofha ÿgq kqÿgq me;s
fï ;;ajh ;=< wmg ta;a;= .sh foa ;uhs" fï iïm%odhsl foaYmd,k mCI iuÕ w;ayod n,kak ;j;a ls%hdud¾. b;sßfj,d keye lshk tl' uyskao rdcmCI uy;df.a wdKavqj Èfkka Èk ck;djg ta;a;= .ekajQfha;a ikaOdk jevms<sfj< iuÕ jk ;ukaf.a mriamrhhs' wfkla w;g wm iudch fm
51
j;auka w¾nqofha ÿgq kqÿgq me;s
17 m%Yakh (- fyd|hs' fï f.dvk.k m<,a;u fmruqKg kdhl;ajh foñka cd;sl ksoyi Èkd.ekSug;a" rfÜ nrm;, .eg¨ úi£ug;a Tfí mCIhg yelshdj ;sfnkjdo@ Tn th ;yjqre lrkafka flfiao@ á,aúka is,ajd ifydaorhd ( fláfhkau ms<s;=re ÿkafkd;a Tõæ ck;d úuqla;s fmruqK i;=j ta yelshdj ;sfhkjd' ta ú;rla fkfjhs" fï rg fjkia lsÍfï yelshdj ;sfnkafka foaYmd,k mCIhla f,i .;aúg ck;d úuqla;s fmruqKg muKhs lsh,;a wms lshkjd' ta;a iuyre iel lrkak mq¿jka wmsg th l< yelso lsh,d' tjeks whg wms lshkafka wfma Ndú;dj Èyd n,kak lsh,hs' fï rfÜ foaYmd,kh ;=< ck;d úuqla;s fmruqfKa wms fudk ;rï wdo¾Yhka §,d ;sfhkjo@ fudk ;rï lemlsÍï lr,d ;sfhkjo@ wfma rgg lemlsÍfï yd mß;Hd.fha wdo¾Yh ÿkafka wfma mCIh ú;rhs' rg fjkqfjka ;ukaf.a ±kqu" yelshdj" ld,h muKla fkfjhs wjYH kï ðú; mjd mß;Hd. l< yelshs lshk tl Ndú;dfjka Tmamq 52
j;auka w¾nqofha ÿgq kqÿgq me;s
lrmq tlu mCIh wmshs' fï jkúg;a fï rgg fjkak .sh úYd, úkdYhka /ila wms j
j;auka w¾nqofha ÿgq kqÿgq me;s
m;a ckhdg msysgùu tl WodyrKhla ú;rhs' uyck uqo,a kdia;s fkdlr iafõÉPd Y%ufhka ck;d fiajd bgq lsÍug wms fndfyda foa lr,d ;sfhkjd' iqkdñfhka úkdY jqKq uqyqÿnv ÿïßh ud¾.h Èk 57lska yo,d úma,jhla lsÍug uq,a jqfKa ÿïßh fomd¾;fïka;=fõ ck;d úuqla;s fmruqfKa jD;a;Sh iñ;shhs' wo;a .d,af,a ;sfnk nia kej;=ïm, wdKAvqfõ uqo,a fkdf.k bÈlr ÿkafka" ys;j;=kaf.a Woõ iys;j ck;d úuqla;s fmruqKhs' ta jf.au jegqma fkdf.k fiajh lrk uyck ksfhdað;hka ks¾udKh lf
54
j;auka w¾nqofha ÿgq kqÿgq me;s
18 m%Yakh (- wjidk jYfhka Tn Y%S ,dxlSh ck;djg fok mKsjqvh l=ulao@ fidaujxY wurisxy ifydaorhd ( wfma rg" wfma wdorKSh ud;D N+ñh nrm;, iudc" wd¾Ól" foaYmd,k w¾nqohl mj;sk nj wms ljqre;a okakjd' wfma rg wd¾Ól jYfhka mj;skafk w.dOhl' foaYmd,k jYfhka wfma rg mrdëk fj,d' ixialD;sl jYfhka msßys,d' fuh fjkia l< hq;=hs' fjkia l< yelshs' ta i|yd Bg fya;= jQ ienE lreKq f;areï .; hq;=hs' wms mj;akd udkisl jy,aNdjfhka ñÈh hq;=hs' Bkshd ksoyiska miq jir 60la ;siafia isÿ jQ ;Ügq udre foaYmd,khg kej;Sfï ;s; ;eìh hq;=hs' ienE cd;sl ksoyi yryd ksoyia cd;shla f,i wNsudkfhka wms ke.S isáh hq;=hs' iuDoaêu;a wd¾Ólhla f.dvk.d ÿ.S ÿmam;alu ;=rka l< hq;=hs' iudÔh yd ixialD;sl jYfhka jvd;a Wiia ;;ajhg fï rg m;a l< hq;=hs' 55
j;auka w¾nqofha ÿgq kqÿgq me;s
b;d jákd iajNdúl iïm;a /ilska fmdfydi;a wfma rg" b;du ÈhqKq yd oCI udkj iïm;la ysñ wfma rg fufia ÿmam;aj ;sìh hq;= keye' bmerKs ixialD;shlg" fm%!V b;sydihlg Wreulï lshk wfma ck;dj fufia §kNdjhg" jy,aNdjhg m;aúh hq;= keye' wms wfma rg h<s;a w;am;a lrf.k th by
56
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