Interview
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Questionnaire Checklist: Positive Characteristics •
Clarity: Can the question be interpreted in more than one way?
•
Brevity: Can the question be shortened and still retain its meaning?
•
Simplicity: Is the vocabulary at a simple level (such that of a newspaper) which is appropriate to the study sample?
•
Applicability: Can the respondents in the study sample be reasonably expected to answer accurately?
Questionnaire Checklist: Negative Characteristics 1. Double barreled questions: Does the question ask two questions in one? Does it make a statement with which the respondent may not agree, and then ask a question on the basis of that statement? Does the question have a hidden premise? 2. Double-negative questions: Does the question include words such as don’t or not? 3. Leading questions: Is the question asked in such a way that the respondent knows a particular response is desired? 4. Sensitive questions: Is the question asked in such a way that the respondent may become embarrassed, angry, or emotionally upset? 5.
Jargon-filled questions: Does the question use professional, technical, or slang terms with which the respondents are not familiar?
6. Complex questions: Does the question use long phrases and complex sentences? 7. Questions that bias: Does the question contain information that would encourage the respondents to view one answer as more likely “right”? Does the question contain emotionally loaded words? 8. Inappropriate questions: Does the question assume prior knowledge inappropriate to the sample?
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Advantages of Interview Data are usable. Technique
Misunderstandings can be minimized when questions are explained by the researcher. Some topics can be pursued in depth. No items are omitted, accidentally or purposely. A higher percentage of response is possible. Greater flexibility is provided in the interview than in the questionnaire. It is useful for developing a questionnaire. The subject need not be literate. Verbal and nonverbal cues can be noted. There is more opportunity to appraise the validity of the report.
Clarity: Can the question be interpreted in more than one way?
•
Brevity: Can the question be shortened and still retain its meaning?
•
Simplicity: Is the vocabulary at a simple level (such that of a newspaper) which is appropriate to the study sample?
•
Applicability: Can the respondents in the study sample be reasonably expected to answer accurately?
Questionnaire Checklist: Negative Characteristics 1. Double barreled questions: Does the question ask two questions in one? Does it make a statement with which the respondent may not agree, and then ask a question on the basis of that statement? Does the question have a hidden premise? 2. Double-negative questions: Does the question include words such as don’t or not? 3. Leading questions: Is the question asked in such a way that the respondent knows a particular response is desired? 4. Sensitive questions: Is the question asked in such a way that the respondent may become embarrassed, angry, or emotionally upset? 5.
Jargon-filled questions: Does the question use professional, technical, or slang terms with which the respondents are not familiar?
6. Complex questions: Does the question use long phrases and complex sentences? 7. Questions that bias: Does the question contain information that would encourage the respondents to view one answer as more likely “right”? Does the question contain emotionally loaded words? 8. Inappropriate questions: Does the question assume prior knowledge inappropriate to the sample?
1. 2.
3. 4. 5. 6.
7. 8. 9. 10.
Advantages of Interview Data are usable. Technique
Misunderstandings can be minimized when questions are explained by the researcher. Some topics can be pursued in depth. No items are omitted, accidentally or purposely. A higher percentage of response is possible. Greater flexibility is provided in the interview than in the questionnaire. It is useful for developing a questionnaire. The subject need not be literate. Verbal and nonverbal cues can be noted. There is more opportunity to appraise the validity of the report.
