The Linguistics System And Sounds Of Hindustani

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THE LINGUISTICS SYSTEM AND SOUNDS OF HINDUSTANI (URDU+HINDI)

Maqsood Hasni

2 HINDASTANI Urdu kay motalaq kaha jata hai kah yah lashkari zoban hai. Bawar rahay lashkar kisi samaj ko takeeb nahain daitay aur nahi on kay hawala say koe samaj tashkeel pata hai. Es liay os kay hawala say kisi zoban ka janum laina mumkinhi nain. Zobanoon main sadyoon ki koe ehmiat nahain hoti. Yah amal hazaroon saloon par moheet hota hai. Urdu naam chand soo saloon say aagay nahain bharta jabkah jisay Urdu/Hindi kaha jata hai hazaroon saal say yahaan ki zoban hai. Hindi/Urdu kisi mukhsus tabqay ki mukhsus talafaz, lehjay ya mukhsus andaz takallam kay hawala say,zoban nahain. Essay her qoom alaqa aur rang-o-nasal kay log boltay chalay aatayhain. Hindi aur Urdu main seraf rasam-ul-khat ka intar hai wagarna bolnay aur samjhnay kay moamla main yaksaan haisiat ki hamil hai. Essay doo rasam-ul-khat main taseem karna divide and rule ka jita jagta saboot hai. Kaha jata raha hai kah yah (Urdu) musalmanoon ki zoban hai. Yah nazreya qate ghalt hai. Zoban ossi ki hai jo ossay bolta aur samjhta hai. agar aisa hai to Bharat main Pakistan say ziyada musalman moqeem hain. Dav Nagri khat ko musalmanoon kay hawala say ossay kayoon nahain kaha jata?! Hindastan, Pakistan+Bharat ka naam hai. Taqseem ki surat main wo Bharat hai na’kah hindustan jabkah yah Pakistan hai na’kah hindustan . Angraiz nay musalmanoon say haqomat chini thi na’hak hindo say, es hawala say wo hamara mulak hai dusra hum say ziyada musalman wahaan aqamat rakhtay hain. Oon say hamara reshta kis hawala say khatam kiya ja sakta hai. Hum muslaman hain pori dunyaan hamara molak hai. Es moamla main koe ta’asab ya kisi qisam ki asbiat jaez nahain teharti. Mahajar musalmanoon nay yahaan ki khateen say shadi ki. Yah reshta doo qomoon ka ki shawala say khatam karain gay? Yahaan ka Islam bohat saray rasam-u-lrovaj kay hawala say yahaan say jura howa hai. Jab main kehta hoon Hindustani to es ka matlab yah hota hai Hindustan ki zoban na Bharat ya Pakistan ki zoban. Hindo kay maeni hind ka rehna wala kay hain. Hindo mazhab ka es lafz say koe ta’alaq nahain. Hind Arbi zoban kalafz hai.*

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Yah jo Arbi rasam-ul-khat walay aur Dav nagri walay boltay hain es kay liay hindvi, hidastani waghera naam hi mostamal thay aur yah es poray khitay main boli aur samji jati rahi hai. Ab bhi surat-e-hal mukhtalif nahain. Zobanoon kay naam oon kay alaqa ya qoom kay hawala say sonay main aatay hain. Lafz Urdu kis alaqa ya qoom ki namaendgi kar raha hai??????????????? Agar essay doo zobanoon main taqseem karain gay yah samjhain gay to yah dunyaan ki dosri zoban na rahay gi. Haqiqat yah hai kah yah bolay aur aur samjhy janay kay hawala say donyan ki dusri bari zoban hai. Apnay sound system kay lihaz say dunyaan ki pehli zoban hai. Lisani hawala say koe zoban es kay qareeb say bhi nahain gozarti aur es vishay pay main baat karnay ki position main hoon. ---------------------------------------------------*Sanad: Abu safyan ki bivi ka naam hind bin otba tha

Urdu is an Indo-Aryan language with about 104 million speakers, including those who speak it as a second language. It is the national language of Pakistan and is closely related to Hindi, though a lot of Urdu vocabulary comes from Persian and Arabic, which is not the case for Hindi. Urdu is also spoken in Afghanistan, Bahrain, Bangladesh, Botswana, Fiji, Germany, Guyana, India, Malawi, Mauritius, Nepal, Norway, Oman, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, South Africa, Thailand, the UAE, the UK and Zambia. Urdu has been written with a version of the Perso-Arabic script since the 12th century and is normally written in Nastaliq style. The word Urdu is Turkish for 'foreign' or 'horde'.

4 Hindustani ka Sound System Hindustani (Urdu+Hindi)) es waqt dunyan ki dusri bari boli, samjhi aur parhi janay wali zoban hai jab’kah apnay lisani nizam aur aawzoon kay hawala say dunyan ki sab say bari zoban hai. Es ka sarmaya-e-ilm-o-adab apna jawab nahain rakhta. Siyasi aur mofad parast halqoon nay hamaisha insan ko taqseem kiya hai. Bar-e-Sagher ki yah zoban bhi sazesh ka shaker ho kar taqseem kay amal say guzri aur es tara es ka sarmaya-e-adab doo khatoon (Arbi khat, Dav Nagri khat) main rekard main aaya. Roman khat kisi haad tak donoon khatoon kay hamil afrad kay ma’bain rabtay ka sabab bana hai likin es main kharabi yah hai kah Hindustani ki bohat sari aawazain es kay daman main nahain hain. Chalo kisi haad tak kaam chalaya to ja sakta hai. Essay sikhnay kay liay sab say pehlay es ki aawazoon ko jannay ki koshesh kartay hain: Bunyadi Aawazain Alif (‫)ا‬ • • • • • • •

Ab Abba (baap kay liay boltay hain) Iltaja Ibtada Intaha Anda Angoor

• • • • •

Baap Baba Baab (darwaza) Baqi Bakra/bakri

now father request start end egg grapes

Bay (‫)ب‬ father old man door remaining goat/sheep

Pay (‫)پ‬        

Pani Pa’oon Pak Parwa Punkha Billi Barger Prinda(h)

water foot pure care fan cat barger bird

5 Tay (‫)ت‬ • • • • • • •

Talwar Taqat Tanha Tajar Taqdeer Tarbooz Tovajo

sward power alone merchant fate watermelon attention

Tay (‫)ٹ‬     

Tarak track Tokri basket Tamatar tomato Tanga (Hamaray haan ki eak sawari ka naam) Tokra piece

Say (‫)ث‬  Samar  Sabat  Sara’ay  Saranggi (eak saaz ka naam)

fruit full inn

Jeem (‫)ج‬       Chay (‫)چ‬

Jahaz (hawae jahaz, behri jahaz) Jota Jana Jaga Jari Jab

airplane shoes goes place continue when

(Roman main yah aawaz ch kay marakab say ada kartay hain.) • Chand moon • Charcha advertise (Baat kehna, kay mafhoom main bhi estamal kartay hain) • Chirya sparrow • Charaghaan lightening

Hay (‫)ح‬ 

Haq

right

6       Khay (‫)خ‬

Hoqqa Hamam Hajam Hokam Haki Haqiqat

habal’babal barber shop barber order hokey fact

(Roman main yah aawaz kh kay marakab say ada kartay hain.) • Khat letter • Kha’r donkey • Kharboza melon • Khargosh rabbit • Khali empty • Halvae sweet maker

Dal (‫)د‬     

Dawat Darwaza Darakht Darja (h) Dunya

inkpot door tree class world

Dal (‫)ڈ‬ • • • • • • •

Daktar doctor Roti/Dabal roti bread Dool (eak bartan ka naam) Danda stick Dak’khana(h) post office Dhakna lid Dhall shield

Zal (‫)ذ‬ Zakhira, zaiel, zakar, zikr Ray (‫)ر‬      

Rail Rasta (h) Rokna Rakh Randa Reshta(h)

train path to stop ashes plane relation

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Zay (‫)ز‬ • • • • • • Array (‫)ڑ‬

Zaiwar Zira’baktar Zira (h) Tar’booz Zakam Zakhm

ornament armour Zira (h) watermelon cold wound

(es aawaz say koe lafz shoro nahain hota ta’hum ba’kasrat estamal ki aawaz hai. Roman main r qareeb ki aawaz hai. Es ko ada karnay kay liay d ko bhi estamal main laya jata hai.)  Aaro peach  Phaipra/phaipda lung  Khopri/khopdi skull  Akrun/akdan cramp  Chamgidar bat  Kira/kida worm  Rori/rodi, rairi/raidi, rora/roda, arial/adial waghera

Za’ay farsi (‫)ژ‬ • •

Zala Mijgaan

hail eyebrows

Seen (‫)س‬      Sheen (‫)ش‬

Saieb Sanp Sara Sach Soqam

apple snake complete truth defect

(Roman main yah aawaz sh kay marakab say ada kartay hain.) • Shaiar loin Shaiar jungal ka shah sahi Khon’khari main Insan bazi lay giya • Shadi marriage • Badshah/Shah king • Shoqeen found of • Sharam shame • Shak doubt

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Sawad (‫( )ص‬Roman Hindustani main say, seen aur sawad kay liay aawaz s say kaam chalaya jata hai. Lafz say andaza hota hai kah ya en tinoon main say kis aawaz say motalaq hai)  Saaf clean  Sandooq maghrab main estamal nahain hota ta’hum box ko mutradaf samja ja sakta hai.  Seraf only Zawad (‫ )ض‬Roman main yah aawaz nahain zal, zoay aur zawad kay liay seraf Z estamal main aata hai.  Zaef aadmi old man  Zamanat bail  Zarorat necessity  Zarori necessary  Zaya waste Toay (‫)ط‬ Tay (‫)ت‬, Tay (‫ )ٹ‬aur Toay (‫ )ط‬aawazoon kay liay t estamal main aati hai.  Talib-e-Ilm student  Talay fait, pious  Tabla eak saz ka naam angraizi main mutradaf drum samjha jata hai.  Tarar clever  Tota parrot Tota ziyada’tar toay kay sath mustamal hai likin yah tay (‫ )ت‬kay sath hai. Zoay (‫)ظ‬

Roman main zal, zay, zawad aur zoay kay liay Z estamal main aata hai. Zaraf pot Zalim cruel

Aien (‫)ع‬

Roman main alif/ aur aien kay liay a/o estamal kartay hain. o Ainak (ain aankh+nak naak) eye glass o Arbi a man who lives in Arab o Un-qareeb very soon o Onda (h) fine o Araiz applications, requests o Arosi bridle

9 Ghain (‫( )غ‬Roman main yah aawaz gh kay marakab say ada kartay hain.)  Ghabara balloon  Ghalib who over comes  Ghaza talcum powder  Ghalti Error Gharqa, gholail, ghuncha, gharqab, gharaz, waghera Fay (‫)ف‬     

Farzand son Farakh wide Faraq difference Faraz duty Fok fruit Farsi, farak, faragh, faqa(h) waghera

Qaaf (‫)ق‬ o o o o o

Qalam pen Qainchi scissors Qabo control Qulfi (qufli) ice cream qisam ki khanay ki cheez Qatl murder

o o o o o o

Kotta Karaya Kabotar Kitab Karam Kaila

o o o o o o

Gadah Ga’ay Gari/gadi Gajar Gahak Girja

Kaaf (‫)ک‬ dog rent pigeon book mercy banana

Gaaf (‫)گ‬ donkey cow train carrot customer church

Laam (‫)ل‬ o Limoo/u o Lobiya

lemon bean

10 o o o o o

Lehsan Lamp Lohaar Lichi Loquat

garlic lump black smith Lichi Loquat

o o o o o o

Mali Madari Mosansaf Monsaf Mazdoor Mamar

gardener juggler writer judge laborer mason

o o o o o o

Nan’bae Naak Nafrat Naal Nakhun Nokar

baker nose hate barrel nail servant

Meem (‫)م‬

Noon (‫)ن‬

Wao (‫)و‬ • • • • • •

Warqa Waja Waqt Warsha Warasat Waishi

page cause time rain inheritance savage

Hai maqsora (h) (‫)ہ‬ • • • • • •

Hathora Hathi Hataili Haiza(h) Hern Haldi

hammer elephant palm cholera deer turmeric

Hamza (‫ )ء‬es aawaz say kisi lafz ka aaghaz nahain hota

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Jae Balae Cha’ay Ashya Razae

oat cream tea dinner quilt

Choti yay (‫ )ی‬es aawaz say kisi lafz ka aaghaz nahain hota. • • • • • •

Kohni Balae Dahi Muchli Yakhni Sadgi

elbow cream curd fish gravy simplicity

Bari yay (‫)ے‬ • • • • •

Chanay Tasmay Mozay Papotay Masoray/masoday

grams laces socks eye lids gums

Mazeed teen aawazain Alif mada ‫ ا = آ‬+ ‫ا‬ • Aalo bakhra • Aam • Aalo • Aalocha(h) • Aaro/ardo

aloe mango potato plum peach

Noon ghona (h) ( ‫)ں‬ • • • • • •

Aantain Saes Khan’sama Charagaan Khjorain Limoon

bowels groom butler lightning dates lemon

12 Doo noqti yay Nichay doo noqtoon say bhi yay (‫ )ی‬ki aawaz nikali jati hai. Maslan • • • • •

Anjeer Narial Zaiton Dhanyaan Zira(h)

fig coconut olive coriander cumin

Two sound’s words with alif: • • • • • • • • • • • •

Alif+Alif Alif+ bay Alif+Gaaf Bay+Alif Jeem+ Alif Chay+ Alif Kaaf+ Alif Gaaf+ Alif Laam+ Alif Meem+ Alif Tay++ Alif Noon+ Alif

aa ab ag ba ja cha ka ga la ma ta na

aagay ab agla baba doja chacha kaghaz gajar labh mamo talo naak

front now next old man 2nd uncle writing paper carrot credit uncle palate nose

khush’bo to jowab choha moli hont korh/kodh sozesh gorkan khush

good smell you/tum answer rat radish lip leprosy swelling sexton happy

Two sound’s words with wao: • • • • • • • • • •

Bay+wao Tay+wao Jeem+wao Chay+wao Meem+wao Hay+wao Kaaf+wao Seen+wao Gaaf+wao Khay+wao

bo to jo cho mo ho ko so go kho

Two sound’s words with choti yay: • •

Bay+choti yay tay+choti yay

bi ti

murghabi chati

water fowl breast

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Ray+choti yay Jeem+ choti yay Chay choti yay Noon choti yay Meem choti yay Laam+ choti yay Hamza choti yay

ri ji chi ni mi li ei

madari baji bawarchi rani najomi moli qasae

juggler elder sister kook queen fortune teller radish butcher

Two sound’s words with bari yay: • • • • •

Bay+ bari yay Tay+ bari yay Gaaf+ bari yay Seen +bari yay Hamza+bari yay

bay bay’kar useless tay papotay eyelids gay aagay front sonay ka karma (h) sleeping room ay ga’ay cow

Bhari aawazain/double sounds • • • • • • • • • • •

Bhay+doo chashmi hay ‫ھ ب‬ Pay doo chashmi hay ‫ھ پ‬ ‫ ت‬+doo chashmi hay ‫ھت‬ ‫ ٹ‬+doo chashmi hay ‫ھ ٹ‬ ‫ ج‬+doo chashmi hay ‫ھج‬ ‫چ‬+ doo chashmi hay ‫ھچ‬ ‫ د‬+ doo chashmi hay ‫ھ د‬ ‫ ڈ‬+ doo chashmi hay ‫ھ ڈ‬ ‫ ڑ‬+ doo chashmi hay ‫ھ ڑ‬ ‫ ک‬+ doo chashmi hay ‫ھ ک‬ ‫ گ‬+ doo chashmi hay ‫ھ گ‬

bhakari beggar phool flower thali plate thodi chin jharo broom chati chest dhanya coriander dhool (dasi saz) drum phaipra/phaida lung aankh eye ghutna knee

TASHDEED Es main haraf dohri aawaz daita hai likin Urdu lipi main likhnay may nahain aati: • • • • • • •

Ab+ba Bach+cha Pat+ta Am+mi Kot+ta Bili+li Bal+la

Abba Bachcha Patta Ammi Kotta Billi Balla

father child/kid leave mother dog cat bat

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Bat+takh Gun+na

Battakh Gun+na

duck sugar cane

Zabar kay sath doo harfi kalmay • • • • • • • • • • • • •

Alif+zabar bay Tay zabar bay Bay zabar laam Ray zabar tay dal zabar meem zay zabar noon pay zabar ray bay zabar dal meem zabar seen kaaf zabar ray seen zabar bay ray zabar seen ‫ ھ د‬paish noon

Ab tab bal rat dam zan par baad mas kar sab ras dhan

now then taqat qovat, shakti blood taqat qovat lady wing bad touch to do all juice wealth

Zair kay sath doo harfi kalmay: • • • • • •

Kaaf zair noon gaaf zair noon leem zair khay (‫)ھ ک‬ noon zair bay alif zair bay bay zair noon

kin gin likh nib ib bin

whose to count to write nib now, at this time expect

Paish kay sath doo harfi kalmay: • • • • • • • •

Ray paish tay Meem paish ray Chay paish noon Gaaf paish ray Bay paish tay Ray paish khay Ray paish ‫ھ ک‬ Chay paish pay

rut mur chon gor bot rokh rokh chop

Kuch seh harfi kalmay : •

Aaya

came

season return to select skill/ method idle face/side/tree tree silent

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Laya Aana Thoss Shoor Toor Bool Tool

brought to come sailed noise to beak to talk to weight

Char harfi kalmay: • • • • •

Bay zabar alif Bay zabar alif bay paish wao laam zabar alif ‫ ھ ک‬paish wao laam zabar alif tay zabar alif yay zabar alif baap ka bara bhai chay zabar alif chay zabar alif Baap ka chota bhai

baba old man Bola talked Khola opened taya uncle father’s elder brother chacha uncle Father’s younger brother

Hum aawaz alfaz Jin haroof ki harkaat eak jaisi hoon onhain hum’aawaz alfaz kaha jata hai. In ki zarorat omoman shaeri main qafiay kay toor par paish aati hai. Maslan Alif zabar bay = Ab now Kaaf zabar bay= kab when Seeb zabar bay = sab all Jeen zabar bay = jab then Meem zabar ray = mar die Kaaf zabar ray = kar do Jeem zabar ray = jar bear Seen zabar ray = sar head/turn Bay zabar ray = bar dry land Bay zabar alif+ Bay zabar alif= baba Kaaf zabar alif=ka + kaaf zabar alif = ka kaka Meem zabar alif=ma+ Meem zabar alif=ma mama Pay zabar alif=pa noon zair choti yay =ni pani Ray zabar alif-ra noon zair choti yay =ni rani

old man little boy uncle/mother’s brother Queen

Jazam Jazam os alamat ko kehtay hain jo aawaz ko gher’mutharak rakhti hai. Maslan Ray zabar alif-ra

es main alif par jazam hai jis kay sabab

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Noon zair choti yay Pay zabar alif Noon zair choti yay

alif gher mutharak hai es main choti yay par jazam hai jis kay sabab choti yay gher mutharak hai es main alif par jazam hai jis kay sabab alif gher mutharak hai es main choti yay par jazam hai jis kay sabab Choti yay gher mutharak hai

Khari zabar Khari zabar walay lafz ko khainch kar boltay haim. Maslan Alif zabar dal =ad noon Kari zabar alif= Na Adna lower Meem paish wao=mo seen Kari zabar (choti) yay sa Mosa Tanveen Lafaz kay aakhri haraf par doo zair daltay hain jis kay sabab lafaz noon ki si aawaz paida karta hai. Maslan Eahtaraman, akhlaqan, amlan, adbam, mazaqan amlan waghera En misaloon main An alif doo zabar ki aawaz hai

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