Tariel Putkaradze Turkebi Turks Bun-turkebi Bunturks

prof. tariel futkaraZe bun Turqni: paleografiuli Secdoma, Turqulenovani xalxis aRmniSvneli erT-erTi uZvelesi eTnonimi, kompaqturad dasaxlebuli ltolvili "Turqebi" Tu "sastik warmarTTa" aRmniSvneli metafora? bolo 160 wlis manZilze bun-Turqebis Sesaxeb didZali samecniero literatura dagrovda, maTi vinaobis sakiTxi ki ufro gabundovanda; kerZod, gamoTqmulia mosazrebebi, rom bun-Turqni aRniSnavs: - pirvelyofil, Tavdapirvel Turqebs - Turanelebs (m. brose); - Subosan Turqebs (e. TayaiSvili); - amierkavkasiaSi qarTvelebze adre mosaxle (Tu avtoqTon) TurqmanTa toms/Turqebs (n. mari, k. kekeliZe, z. anCabaZe, m. seidovi, i. zeireki...); winaelinistur qarTlSi mcxovreb Turqebs (d. musxeliSvili)1; - devnil da saqarTveloSi Semoxiznul hunebs (g. meliqiSvili, v. gabaSvili, v. goilaZe...); - devnil da saqarTveloSi Semoxiznul skviTebs (m. sanaZe, g. alasania); - istoriul qarTlSi Crdilo kavkasiis gziT SemoWril Crdilour tomebs somxuri wyaroebis bulRarelebs (g. qavTaraZe)2... g. yoranaSvilis azriT, "qarTlis cxovrebis" informacia bun-Turqebis Sesaxeb sinamdviles ar asaxavs3; zog mkvlevars ki miaCnia, rom bun-Turqni paleografiuli Secdomaa, unda iyos: hun-Turqi (l. meliqseT-begi); Sdr.: "qarTlis cxovrebis" sam xelnawerSi gvaqvs mun Turqi; erT-erTSi m 4 gadafxekilia da Cawerilia b . 1

d. musxeliSvili (1993, gv. 341) bun-Turqebs araqarTvelebad miiCnevs, magram ar akonkretebs maT vinaobas. 2 g. qavTaraZe, 2006, gv. 69, 74 3 ix., agreTve: "moqceva~ qarTlisa~s" avtors surs bunTurqebi ganesxvavebina gviandeli, misTvis cnobili Turqebisagan. qarTuli wyaroebis es cnoba legendarulia. ("http://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%91%E1%83%A3%E1%83%9C%E1%83%97%E1%83%A3%E1%83%A0%E1% 83%A5%E1%83%94%E1%83%91%E1%83%98). 4 samecniero literaturis mimoxilvisaTvis vrclad ix., g. alasania, 2000, m. sanaZe, 2001; t. futkaraZe, 2005; g. alasania, 2008; v. goilaZe, 2008. ix., agreTve: Nora Dudwick, The case of the Caucasian Albanians: Ethnohistory and ethnic politics, Cahiers du monde russe et soviétique, 1990, Volume 31, Issue 2, pp. 377-383: "Bunturks" settled on the banks of the Kura River.9 These accounts reveal Azerbaijanis' ambivalence over how they want to be viewed by themselves and others. Both Iampol'skii and Guseinov aim to counter the... http://www.persee.fr/web/revues/home/prescript/article/cmr_00080160_1990_num_31_2_2237?luceneQuery=%28%2B%28fullContent%3Abunturk%5E900.0+fullTitle%3Abunturk%5E94 0.0+content%3Abunturk+title%3Abunturk%5E2.0+summary%3Abunturk+authors%3Abunturk%5E5.0+illustrations%3Ab unturk%5E4.0+bibrefs%3Abunturk%5E4.0+toctitles%3Abunturk%5E4.0+toctitles1%3Abunturk%5E3.0+toctitles2%3Abu nturk%5E2.0+toctitles3%3Abunturk%29%29+AND+%28+%2Baccess_right%3A%28free%29+%29&words=bunturk&wo rds=900&words=940&words=free; http://www.namebase.org/xtoc/Cyril-Toumanoff.html; zogi miiCnevs, rom bunTurqebi arian e.w. mesxeTeli Turqebis winaprebi (msjelobisaTvis ix.; http://www.ca-c.org/journal/eng01-2002/19.aliprimen.shtml); arsebobs, aseve, vebgverdi bunTurqi: http://bunturk.livejournal.com. yvelaze ufro "saintereso" is aris, rom zogs surs, jer e.w. bun-Turqebis memkvidreebad gamoacxados muslimani qarTvelebi (Tu "Turq mesxebad" wodebuli sazogadoeba) da saqarTveloSi axaldamkvidrebuli azerbaijanlebi, Semdeg ki "daicvan" maTi, rogorc "istoriuli eTnikuri umciresobis" enobrivi uflebebi "regionuli an umciresobis enis Sesaxeb evropuli qartiis" principebis mixedviT ("enis qartiis" principebis Sesaxeb vrclad ix.:

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2005 wels gamoqveynebul wignSi "qarTvelebi" me Sevecade damesabuTebina, rom kompozoti bun-Turqi ar aris damoukidebeli eTnonimi; kerZod, misi pirveli nawili zedsarTavi saxelia, romelic gansazRvravs eTnonim "Turqs"; Sesabamisad, bun-Turqebad iwodeba Zv.w. VII saukuneSi sparseTis (midiis) mefe qaixosrosgan (kiaxsarisgan) devnili "Turqebis" (Tu skviTebis) is nawili, romelic qarTvelebma kompaqturad daasaxles sarkineSi5. 2008 wels roin metrevelis redaqtorobiT gamovida "qarTlis cxovrebis" Sejerebuli varianti da misi rusuli Targmani; komentarebSi warmodgenilia redaqtorisa da mTargmnel-komentatorebisaTvis ufro misaRebi kvalifikaciebi6; bun-TurqebTan dakavSirebiT komentarebSi vkiTxulobT:

bunTurqebis Sesaxeb Txroba gvaqvs "qarTlis moqcevaSi"; samecniero literaturaSi bun- sityvis ramdenime saxis axsna gvaqvs, magram sakiTxi gadawyvetili ar aris. "qarTlis cxovrebaSi" bunTurqebad iwodeba "mZvinvare warmarTi xalxi". iqmneba STabeWdileba, rom leonti mrovelisTvis bunTurqni niSnavs CrdiloeTiT mcxovreb Turquli warmoSobis xalxs, ramdenadac yivCayebis sacxovrisi mrovelisTvis kargad iyo cnobili" 7. dr., maT mier navaraudevi sxva kvalifikaciebi: Zv.w. ambebis aRwerisas moxseniebuli Turqebi Turanebi, xazarebi - skviTebi8. amTaviTve vityviT, rom "qarTlis cxovrebis" mixedviT bun-Turqni namdvilad ar arian CrdiloeTidan mosulni; Cans, komentarebis avtorebis amgvar mosazrebas biZgi misca "qarTlis cxovrebis" teqstis arasworma gaazrebam (ix., qvemoT). rogorc vxedavT, aswlovani kvlevebis miuxedavad, bun-TurqTa vinaoba isev mZafri kamaTis sagania. razec aravin daobs, isaa, rom sityva-forma: bunTurqni agebulebis mixedviTaris rTuli - kompozitia, romlis pirveli komponentia bun-, meore ki - Turq-. warmodgenil moxsenebaSi damatebiTi argumentebiT SevecdebiT pasuxi gavceT kiTxvebs: - bun-Turqebis Sesaxeb romelia pirvelwyaro: "qarTlis cxovreba" Tu "moqceva~ qarTlisa~"? - etimologiurad ras niSnavs kompoziti bun-Turqni? gvaqvs ki safuZveli damoukidebel eTnonimad gamovacxadoT igi? - leonti mrovelisTvis Tu "qarTlis cxovrebis" am epizodis avtorisTvis romel da sad mcxovreb xalxs (Tu sazogadoebas) aRniSnavs bun-Turqni? - romel xalxs Tu rogor sazogadoebas aRniSnavs bun-Turqni "moqcevai qarTlisais avtorisTvis?

http://www.pdfcoke.com/doc/12621676/T-Putkaradze-European-Charter-for-Regional-or-MinorityLanguages-and-An-Issue-of-Plannig-Linguistic-Policy-in-Georgia. winaswar vityvi, rom is xalxi,

visac mematiane bun-Turqebs uwodebs, mematianisve cnobiT, iranis mxridan ltolvilad movida da maleve gadaixvewa Crdilo kavkasiaSi (Tu mematianes vujerebT, rom movidnen, masve daujeroT, rom maleve wavidnen kidec!). 5 t. futkaraZe, 2005, gv. 213. 6 leonti mrovelis "mefeTa wigni" rusulad Targmna da saintereso komentarebiT aRWurva istoriis mecnierebaTa doqtorma v. axvledianma. 7 r. metreveli, 2008, gv. 70. 8 ix., iqve, gv. 68-69

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- ra ufro logikuria: eTnonim "Turqis" qveS vigulisxmoT: kavkasiis avtoqToni Turqi (n. mari)? huni (v. gabaSvili)? skviTi (m. sanaZe)? Turaneli (m. brose)? pirvel rigSi, vnaxoT orive ZiriTadi qarTuli wyaro: "qarTlis cxovreba", 1955, gv. 15-17: "sparsTagan otebulma" Turqebma qarTvelebs daxmareba aRuTqves sparselebTan brZolaSi, amitom xunanidan speris zRvamde gadaWimuli qarTlis sxvadasxva qalaqebis mflobelebma ("yovelTa qarTvelTa") devnili "Turqebis" erTi nawili jgufebad dayves da TavianT qalaqebSi Caasaxles. ltolvilTa ZiriTadi nawili mcxeTis mamasaxlisma kompaqturad daasaxla sarkineSi. "aleqsandres Semosvlis" aRwerisas, swored sarkines mosaxleobis aRsaniSnavad gvxvdeba kompoziti: bun-Turqni: "aleqsandrem "gardamovlna kavkasni da movida qarTlad da povna yovelni qarTvelni uborotes yovelTa naTesavTa sjuliTa. rameTu colqmrobisa da siZvisaTvis ara uCnda naTesaoba, yovelsa suliersa Wamdes, viTarca mxecni da pirutyvni, romelTa qcevisa warmoTqma uxm ars. da ixilna ra ese naTesavni sastikni warmarTni, romelTa-igi Cuen bunTurqad da yivCayad uwodT, msxdomareni mdinaresa mas mtkurisasa mixveviT, daukvirda ese aleqsandres..." teqsti aseTi Sinaarsisaa: aleqsandrem amierkavkasiaSi naxa "yovelni qarTvelni", romlebic "sastik warmarTad" qceuliyvnen da romelTac mematiane Tavisi drois urjuloebs - yivCayebsa da bunTurqebs - adarebs. am konteqstSi bunTurqi da yivCayi epiTetebia da ara - eTnonimebi. amasve adasturebs "qarTlis cxovrebis" adaptirebuli variantis Zveli somxuri Targmanis teqsti: "aleqsandre kovkasis mTiT gadavida qarTvelTa qveyanaSi da gaocda maTi saZageli cxovrebiT" (i. abulaZe, 1953, gv. 24). vfiqrob, am konteqstSi saubari ar aris CrdiloeTsa Tu samxreTSi mcxovreb xalxebze - yivCayebsa Tu Turqebze/bunTurqebze; aq ar weria, rom aleqsandem yivCayebi naxa; qarTveli mematianis azriT, aleqsandrem naxa warmarTi qarTvelebi, romlebic damsgavsebodnen velurebs bunTurqebsa da yivCayebs9. aseve, Cans mematianem icis (Tu hgonia), rom misTvis kargad cnobili yivCayebi da Turqebi (selCukebi) enaTesavebian qaixosros mier gamodevnil xalxs. "qarTlis cxovrebis" sxva epizodSi sityva-forma bun-Turqi gansxvavebuli semantikiT gamoiyeneba: aleqsandrem (Tu misma jarma) eqvsTviani alyiT daipyro qarTvelTa cixeqalaqebi: wunda, xerTvisi, oZrxe, urbnisi, rusTavi, samSvilde, kaxeTis qalaqni, mcxeTa, nastakisi da uriaTa ubani - zanavi. aleqsandres arc ki ucdia Tuxarisisa da xunanis (anu mtveris) cixis dapyroba, vinaidan "ver SeuZlebda dapyrobad: (q.c. 1955, 18,7-8). aqve vkiTxulobT: "xolo sarkinelTa bunTurqTaganTa agines mefesa". e.i. am epizodSi sami eTnosi saxeldeba: qarTvelebi, uriebi, sarkineSi Casaxlebuli Turqebi. 9

eTnonimis gamoyeneba epiTetad da eTnonimis qceva arsebiT saxelad (Tu zedsarTavad) Cveulebrivi movlenaa yvela enaSi. cnobilia isic, rom "droTa ganmavlobaSi terminma: "Turqi" uaryofiTi mniSvneloba SeiZina da uvicis, mdabios sinonimad iqca... eTnikuri mniSvneloba terminma gvian miiRo (s.kliaStorni, g. alasania, 2008, gv. 10).

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niSandoblivia: "qarTlis cxovrebis" 4 adrindel xelnawerSi am epizodis aRwerisas "bunTurqTaganTa" formis nacvlad gamoyenebulia sityvebi: "naTurqTaganTa an "mun TurqTaganTa" (q.c. 1955, 18,8). bunTurqebisgan Seuracxyofili aleqsandre maT sruli ganadgurebiT daemuqra, magram cixe-qalaqi ver aiRo 11 Tviani alyiTac ki. xangrZlivi alyiT "SeWirvebulma" sarkinelebma mcxeTis mamasaxlis mier sarkineSi dasaxlebulma Turqebma cixe-qalqis sayrdeni klde gaxvrites da CrdilokavkasiaSi gadaixvewnen. aseTia mematianis mier aRwerili ambavi. Sdr.: "qarTlis cxovrebis" Zvel somxur TargmanSi (XII s.) termini "bunTurqi" ar dasturdeba; am versiis mixedviTac, mcxeTis mamasaxlisma sarkineSi daasaxla qaixosrosgan gamodevnili Turqebi10. bevris mTqmelia isic, rom msoflios arc erT sxva wyaroSic ar Cans eTnonimi bun-Turqni. safuZveli gvaqvs, davaskvnaT: "qarTlis cxovrebis" teqstis mixedviT, sarkineSi Turqebi cxovroben, romelTa aRsaniSnavad gamoyenebulia agreTve msazRvrel-sazRvrulisgan nawarmoebi kompoziti - bun-Turqi; bun-i aris eTnonimis msazRvreli. sityva buni (bun) falauri nasesxobaa da qarTulad niSnavs "ZiriTads", "fesvs"11; Sesabamisad, Sesityveba buni Turqi SeiZleba gaviazroT, rogorc erTad, kompaqturad dasaxlebuli "Turqebi"; ar gamoiricxeba am sintagmis m. broseseuli gaazrebac: Tavdapirveli Turqebi - Turanelebi. orive gaazrebiT, buni (/ZiriTadi) Turqebi arian qaixosrosgan gandevnili Turqebis (migranti Turqebis) is ZiriTadi nawili, romelic mcxeTis mamasaxlisma erTad daasaxla sarkineSi. gansxvavebuli semantikiT dasturdeba bun-Turqni "moqcevai qarTlisais" teqstSi, romelic aleqsandres mosvlis ambiT iwyeba (Satberdis krebuli, 1979, gv. 320): "pirvel odes aleqsandre mefeman naTesavni igi loTis SvilTani wariqcina da SeBadna igini kedarsa mas queyanasa, ixilna naTesavni sastikni bunTurqni, msxdomareni mdinaresa zeda mtkuarsa mixueviT, oTx qalaqad da dabnebi maTi: sarkine, kaspi, urbnisi da oZrxe da cixeni maTni: cixe~ didi sarkinisa~, ufliscixe~ kaspisa, urbnisisa da oZrxisa~. daukvirda aleqsandres"... wina istoriis gareSe moyvanili am teqstiT zogi mecnieri mcdar daskvnas akeTebs da ambobs, rom bun-Turqni is araqarTveluri avtoqToni mosaxleobaa, romelic saqarTveloSi cxovrobda qarTvelebis aq mosvlamde. amgvari daskvna qarTuli teqstis mcdari wakiTxvis Sedegia: "qarTlis cxovrebaSic" da "qarTlis moqcevaSic" zustad ganmeorebulia erTi fraza: "msxdomareni mdinaresa mas mtkvarsa mixveviT12". Cans, orive wyaros es monakveTi momdinareobs mesame (saerTo) wyarodan, savaraudod, "qarTlis cxovrebis" arqauli versiidan, ramdenadac, Tavdapirveli konteqsti 10

aqve saubaria sarkinelTa 12-Tvian (ara - 11 Tvian!) alyaze. m. andronikaSvili, 1966, gv. 297; Sdr., agreTve: bun-eb-a "Tviseba" (il. abulaZe), ; Zvel qarTulSi es sityva gamoiyeneba modgmis aRsaniSnavadac (n. CubinaSvili); savaraudoa Semdegi saxis semantikuri transformacia: fesvi - modgma. 12 am frazisa da "mixveviT" sityvis semantikisaTvis ix., t. futkaraZe, qarTvelebi (istoriuli sacxovrisi, dedaena, dialeqtebi), 2005, gv. 214-216: mixveviT - mravlad; Sdr.: "buzi exvia", "xvavi". 11

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ufro daculia "qarTlis cxovrebaSi": damowmebuli fraza bunebrivi da naTelia mxolod "qarTlis cxovrebaSi"13; Sdr.: Turqebi mravlad mxolod sarkineSi daasaxla qarTlis mamasaxlisma (Turqebis swored es nawili ixsenieba bunTurqebad). "moqcevis" mixedviT ki sityvaforma "mixveviT" bundovania. logikuria davuSvaT, rom "qarTlis moqcevis" avtorisaTvisac bunTurqni gamoiyeneba rogorc epiTeti, romelic aRniSnavs urwmuno, warmarT, qristianobamdel qarTvelebs: marTlmadidebeli avtorisTvis qristianobamdeli qarTvelebi iseTive barbarosebi iyvnen, rogorc sparseTidan kaspiis zRvisa da mtkvris xeobiT (ara - CrdiloeTidan!) saqarTvelos maSindel dedaqalaqSi mosuli da Semdeg sarkineSi jgufurad dasaxlebuli Turqebi. qristiani berisTvis - "qarTlis moqcevis" avtorisTvis - qristianobamdeli qarTlis mosaxleoba (adgilobrivi, araqristiani qarTvelic da migranti Turqic) erTnairad urjuloa, Sesabamisad, man gamotova qarTvelTa warmarTuli istoria, "qarTlis cxovrebiseuli" epiTetiT (bunTurqni) xazi gausva maT velurobas - Turqobas da Semdgom warmoaCina qristianobis roli14. amrigad, Cemi azriT: a) eTnonim "yivCayis" epiTetad gamoyeneba leonti mrovelis Semoqmedebaa; b) sarkineSi kompaqturad dasaxlebuli "Turqebis" aRsaniSnavad Sesityveba: "bun-Turqni" Seqmnilia "qarTlis cxovrebis" Tavdapirveli versiis avtoris mier (romelic dRemde araa moRweuli); g) bunTurqni epiTetad pirvelad gamoiyena "moqceva~ qarTlisa~s" avtorma, meored - leonti mrovelma; samecniero literaturaSi kamaTis sagania arqauli qarTuli wyaroebis termin Turqis semantikac: 27 saukunis winandeli ambebis aRwerisas eTnonimebis: Turqebisa da xazarebis, miT umetes, yivCayebis xsenebas samecniero literaturaSi 15 anaqronizmad miiCneven . rogorc zemoT vnaxeT, XI-XII saukuneebis qarTveli avtoris mier termini "yivCayi" metaforaSia gamoyenebuli; Sesabamisad, yivCayis nawilSi "braldeba" unda moexsnas qarTvel mematianes. rac Seexeba termin Turqs: cnobilia, rom sityvebi: Turqi, xazari ax.w. IV-V saukuneebidan Cndeba (Sesabamisi xalxebis gamoCenis Tanadroulad)16, magram "qarTlis cxovrebis" damowmebuli epizodis analizisas ufro adekvaturi xom ar iqneba aqcenti gavakeToT ara dasaxelebul eTnonimTa Seqmnis droze, aramed am terminebiT 13

Sdr., agreTve: saqarTvelos mefeTa CamonaTvalis SedarebiT p. ingoroyvam daaskvna: "qarTlis cxovreba" da "moqceva~ qarTlisa~" momdinareoben ufro Zveli mesame wyarodan - Zveli saistorio pirvelwyarodan (p. ingoroyva: "Zveli qarTuli matiane "moqcevai qarTlisa~" da antikuri xanis iberiis mefeTa sia", gv. 523-524: http://www.amsi.ge/istoria/pi/mefeebi.pdf). "moqceva~ qarTlisa~s" siZvelis Sesaxeb msjelobisaTvis ix., g. qavTaraZe, 2006, gv. 56-60. 14 Sdr., i. javaxiSvili, 1977, gv. 114-115; Cans, bunTurqi eTnonimad (da ara epiTetad) esmis did qarTvel istorikossac. aqve (gv. 112) "moqceva~ qarTlisa~" miCneulia "uZveles samoqalaqo saistorio nawarmoebad". 15 ix., mag., r.metrevelis redaqtorobiT gamocemuli "qarTlis cxovrebis" komentarebi. 16 gavrcelebuli mosazrebiT, Turqulenovani xalxis aRmniSvneli es termini pirvelad Cndeba V saukunis Cinur wyaroebSi; VI saukuneSi ki dasturdeba sparsulSic; Sdr., mixeil svanaZe, osmaleTis istoria, Tb., 1999: gv. 7: "Turquli tomebi Cndebian mcire aziaSi IV saukunis miwurulidan... XI saukuneSi mcire aziis sazRvrebs moadga axali, gacilebiT ufro Zlieri migraciuli talRa oRuzur-Turqmenuli tomebisa Sua aziidan, romelmac Secvala regionis eTnikuri suraTi".

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aRniSnuli xalxis istoriaze; qarTveli mematianis mizani xom xalxis istoriis aRweraa da ara - terminTa istoria; miT umetes, eTnonimTa Tu sxva terminTa gaTanamedroveoba Cveulebrivi ambavia. saqarTvelos istoriis adreuli periodis aRwerisas Turqebis vinaobasTan dakavSirebiT saintereso cnobebia daculi "qarTlis cxovrebaSive"; kerZod, teqstis SesavalSive erTi saintereso faqti dasturdeba: mematiane saubrobs amierkavkasiaSi mosaxle qarTvelebis, somxebis, aseve, maTi mtrebis - sparsebis da saqarTveloSi Semoxiznuli migranti eTnikuri jgufebis Sesaxeb; mTlianobaSi, mosul eTnikur jgufTagan saxeldebian: berZenni, asurni, xazarni, Turqni, uriani (q.c. 1955, gv. 15-16). mematianis mier iqve CamoTvlilia saqarTveloSi mcxovreb eTnosTa enebi: somxuri (/urartuli!)17, qarTuli, xazaruli, asuruli, ebrauli da berZnuli (gv. 16). riTi aixsneba, rom mxolod TurqTa enaa gamotovebuli? logikuria mxolod imis daSveba, rom mematianem icis: xazaruli da Turquli erTi enis saxesxvaobebia18, ramdenadac xazarebi da Turqebi erTi xalxia. Sdr.: xazarebi, Turqebi da hunebi erT xalxadaa miCneuli VI-XII saukuneebis berZnul-bizantiur wyaroebSic19; ix., mag.: TurqTa ufali - xazarTa xayani: 620 wels irakli keisari laSqrobs sparseTis winaaRmdeg; gaiara lazeTi da iveria; TurqTa/xazarTa ufals irakli keisarma saCuqrebi gaugzavna; berZnul teqstSi mocemulia forma: Τοὺρκων. am cnobis avtoria nikifore 20 konstantinepoli, konstantinepolis partiarqi (806-815) . irakli keisaris am laSqrobis teqsti qarTulad iTargmna 1042 wels21; Sesabamisad, aSkaraa, rom "qarTlis cxovrebis" redaqtormac - leonti mrovelmac - kargad icis, rom TurqTa ena da xazaruli ena erTi da igivea22.

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"qarTlis cxovrebis" arqauli somxurisa da urartuli enis igiveobis Sesaxeb msjeloba samecniero literatura ix., t. futkaraZe, 2005, gv. 204, 226-229; Sdr., i. anTelava, 2002, gv. 229-233. 18 Sdr.: g. alasanias azriT, es ena aris skviTuri, Sesabamisad, xazarebi da "qarTlis cxovrebis" Turqebic - skviTebi arian (2008, gv. 16). 19 Turqebis, xazarebisa da hunebis igiveobis Sesaxeb masalisaTvis ix.: "bizantieli mwerlebis cnobebi saqarTvelos Sesaxeb" (tomi meoTxe, nakveTi I, nakveTi II; berZnuli teqsti qarTuli TargmanebiTurT gamosca da ganmartebebi daurTo simon yauxCiSvilma), Tb., 1952, gv. 22-23: Turqebi - hunebi; gv. 115: Turqebi - xazarebi... 20 iqve, gv. 207-208. 21 ix., iqve, gv. 208; ix., agreTve, gv. 422. 22 Sdr., analogiuri masala georgikis V tomSic ("bizantieli mwerlebis cnobebi saqarTvelos Sesaxeb"; berZnuli teqsti qarTuli TargmanebiTurT gamosca da ganmartebebi daurTo simon yauxCiSvilma), Tb., 1963: gv. 26: "lazeTisken gaemarTa da mokavSireoba sTxova Turqebs, romelTac xazarebsac uwodeben". berZnul teqstSi mocemulia forma: Τοὺρκους da Χαζάροάς (cnobis avtori: giorgi kedrene, XI saukunis qronografosi). gv. 303-309 vrceli informaciaa TurqTa tomis Sesaxeb (igulisxmebian xazarebi): cxovreben tanaidisa da bosforis iqiT CrdiloeTiT mdebare mxares da arc mainc da mainc daSorebulni iyvnen kavkasiis mTebidan; berZnul teqstSi mocemulia forma: Τοὺρκοί (cnobis avtori: nikifore vrieniosi; XI-XII saukunis istorikosi). Sdr., agreTve, georgika, VI ("bizantieli mwerlebis cnobebi saqarTvelos Sesaxeb" berZnuli teqsti qarTuli TargmanebiTurT gamosca da ganmartebebi daurTo simon yauxCiSvilma), Tb., 1966, gv. 31: "nefTalit-hunebi anu Turqebi". berZnul teqstSi mocemulia formebi: Τοὺρκων da Οΰννων (cnobis avtori: mixeil ataliaTe, XI saukunis istorikosi).

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"qarTlis cxovrebidan" aseve Cans, rom qarTveli mematianeni icnobdnen iran-Turanis brZolebs23 da am dapirispirebis gviandel interpretacias: Sdr.: midiis mefe qaoxosro/kiaxsari/kvaqsaraqsi amarcxebs Turanelebs (damarcxebulTa nawili Tavs afarebs saqarTvelos). firdousis gaazrebiT, ramdenadac X saukuneebSi sparselebs Turqebi ebrZvian, Turqebis winaprebi arian Turanelebi. qarTveli mematianis azriTac, iranelTa mtrebi - Turanelebi Turqebi arian; es ukanasknelni ki igiveni arian, rac xazarebi, yivCayebi. sxva sakiTxia, dRevandeli gadasaxedidan ramdenad marTebulia amgvari xedva: Turan- fuZis safuZvlad miCneulia eTnonimi Turi24. Tanamedrove mkvlevarTa didi nawilis azriT, Turi/Turaneli indoevropuli enis (sparsulis axlomonaTesave!) mqone xalxis aRmniSvneli eTnonimia. specialistTa nawili (ZiriTadad - Turqologebi) ki miiCnevs, rom Turi/Turaneli Turqi xalxebis winaparTa aRmniSvneli saxelebia (Sdr., TurqeTSi popularulia gvari - Turani)25. orive mosazrebas aqvs arsebobis ufleba; miT umetes, araiSviaTad xdeba eTnonimTa gadaazrianeba (Sdr., mag.: afxazi > afsua, somexi > armeni...)26. Cemi dRevandeli moxsenebis Tema Turq-/Tur- mimarTebis Zieba ar aris; mxolod aRvniSnavT: etimologiurad SeuZlebeli ar aris Tur-, Turq-, Tur-an-, Taraqam-, Turqmen- fuZeebis kavSiri. kvlevis am etapze CemTvis arsebiTia sxva faqti: aSkaraa: "qarTlis cxovrebis" Zveli avtorebi kargad icnoben Tanadroul msoflio istoriografias; maTi kvalifikaciebi dResac aqtualuria, Sesabamisad, qarTvel mematianeTa mier Turqebis/bunTurqebis, yivCayebisa Tu xazarebis Sesaxeb mowodebuli cnobebis anaqronizmad miCneva, rbilad rom vTqvaT, gaumarTlebelia. ufro logikuri iqneba mematianeTa cnobebisadmi frTxili damokidebuleba da maTi siRrmiseuli analizi. rac Seexeba Turq-/TuranelmimarTebas: rogorc aRiniSna, qarTveli mematianisTvis falauri wyaroebis27 Turi/Turaneli da berZnuli Tu qarTuli wyaroebis Turqi, xazari, Turq-

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"qarTlis cxovreba": "Semdgomad amissa mciredTa welTa kualad gamogzavna amanve qekapos Ziswuli misi, Ze SioS bednierisa, romeli moikla TurqeTs, viTarca weril ars wignsa sparsTa cxovrebisasa" (q.c. 1955, gv. 14); savaraudia, qarTveli mematiane icnobs falaur "xvadai namaks" (mefeTa wigns). 24 Zvel sparsul Tu falaur zepirsityvierebaSi anTroponimebi daedo safuZvlad eTnonimebs, Tu eTnonimebi - anTropinimebs? ufro logikurad gveCveneba varaudi, rom legendebis onomastikisTvis (tuirya, airya, sairima... Sdr., variantebi: Turi, ireji, selemi... Тур, Эрадж, Салмa...) amosavalia eTnonimebi. 25 ix., mag.: Ziya Gokalp, TÜRKÇÜLÜĞÜN ESASLARI, 1923, gv. 20-24; http://www.hababam.nl/forums/archive/index.php/t-40247.html 26 Sdr., agreTve: поздние авторы перенесли прежнее имя Туран на тюркские народы которые как и их предшественники степные восточные иранцы были кочевниками, как в свое время Византийские авторы переносили прежнее название Скифия на государство Киевская Русь. 27 savaraudod, falauris wyaroebi saTaves iReben avestidan.

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seljuki saerTo warmoSobis sazogadoebebia28. ramdenadac dRemde specialistTa kamaTis Temaa TuranelTa vinaoba, did Secdomas ar unda uSvebdnen Zveli qarTuli wyaroebi; kerZod: - Tu sabolood gairkveva, rom avestiseuli Turani indoevropuli samyaro iyo (Turi - dRevandeli avRaneTis teritoriaze mcxovrebi eTnosi?)29, firdousis gavleniT (?) Seqmnili qarTveli mematianis mosazreba mainc ar unda miviCnioT did cdomilebad, vinaidan dResac sakamaToa am xalxis indoevropuloba; - Tu eTnonimi Turqi marTla momdinareobs Tur- fuZisgan, Zveli qarTveli mematianis logika mecnierulia; - Tu dadgindeba, rom Turqebi Turanelebisgan warmoiSvnen, Cveni mematiane camde marTali yofila... amrigad, qarTul enobriv velSi, sul mcire, 11-13 saukunis win arsebobs eTnonimi Turqi, romlis istoria unda ganvixiloT "qarTlis cxovrebis" Sesavali nawilis siZvelis Sesabamisad. "qarTlis cxovrebis" cnobebi kiaxsarisgan/qaixosrosgan devnil "TurqTa" Sesaxeb, aseve, bun-msazRvreliani eTnonimis (Turqis) ganzogadeba "sastiki warmarTis" aRsaniSnavad, asaxavs TurqTa (/skviTTa?) Sesaxeb axali welTaRricxvis pirveli aTaswleulis dasasrulis qarTvelTa siRrmiseul (mecnierul) codnasa da mkafio Tvalsazriss. mocemul konkretul SemTxvevebSi - qarTuli wyaroebis zemoT ganxiluli epizodebSi - Semdegi saxis informacia gvaqvs: "qarTlis cxovreba" (ufro Tanamimdevruli informacia): aleqsandre didis dros (winare qristianul) saqarTveloSi cxovrobdnen qarTvelebi, romlebic siveluriT hgandnen qaixosros mier gamodevnil "Turqebs", romelTa nawili qarTvelTa nebarTviT kompaqturad dasaxlda sarkineSi. aleqsandrem daimorCila qarTlis/saqarTvelos ZiriTadi mosaxleoba, xolo sarkineSi dasaxlebuli "Turqebi" aleqsandre didis SiSiT (11-Tviani alyis Semdeg) gadaixvewnen Crdilo kavkasiaSi. "moqceva~ qarTlisa~" (winaaRmdegobrivi informacia): aleqsandre didis dros (winare qristianul) saqarTveloSi cxovrobda "TurqebiviT" veluri sazogadoeba da ltolvili honni. aleqsandrem daimorCila saqarTvelos/qarTlis ZiriTadi mosaxleoba, gaanadgura honni, xolo sarkineSi mcxovrebni aleqsandre didis SiSiT (11-Tviani alyis Semdeg) gadaixvewnen Crdilo kavkasiaSi.

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teqstis analizisaTvis ix., agreTve, g. alasania, 2008, gv. 12-16; Sdr., r. metreveli, 2008, gv. 69: "qarTlis cxovrebis" adreuli periodis ambebis aRwerisas moxseniebuli xazarebi skviTebi arian, xolo Turqebi - Turanelebi. 29 am mosazrebas mxars dauWers qarTulSi arsebuli adreuli nasesxobebi, romlebic ufro sparsulenovani (indoevropuli) samyaros kuTvnilebaa, vidre Turqulenovanisa.

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damowmebuli litaratura: i.

abulaZe, 1953 - qarTlis cxovrebis Zveli somxuri Targmani, qarTuli teqsti da Zveli somxuri Targmani gamokvleviTa da leqsikoniT (gamosca ilia abulaZem), Tb., 1953 g. alasania, 2000 - g. alasania, qarTuli werilobiTi wyaroebis bun-Turqebi (sakiTxis istoriografia); qarTuli wyaroTmcodneoba, IX, Tb., 2000 z. aleqsiZe, 1991 - z. aleqsiZe, ambavi qarTlisa da naTesavisa maTisa, amierkavkasiis istoriis problemebi, Tb., 1991 m. andronikaSvili, 1966 - m. andronikaSvili, narkvevebi iranul-qarTuli enobrivi urTierTobidan, I, Tb., 1966 i.

anTelava, 2002 - saqarTvelos saistorio-wyaroTmcodneobiTi Ziebani, Tb., 2002 z. anCabaZe, 1968 - З.В. Анчабадзе. Кипчаки Северного Кавказа по данным грузинских летописей XI-XIV вв. - Материалы научной сессии по проблемам происхождения Балкарского и Кавказского народов. Нальчик, 1968 v. goilaZe,2008 - v. goilaZe, hun-Turqebi kavkasiaSi, Tb., 2008 e. TayaiSvili, 1980 - Е.С. Такаишвили. Источники грузинских летописей. Три хроники. Тифлис, 1890 s. kliaStorni, 1965 - С.Г. Кляшторный. Проблемы ранней истории племени турк (Ашина). - Новое в советской археологии, М., 1965 (Материалы и исследования по археологии, СССР, 130) n. mari, 1901- Н.Я. Марр. Ипполит. Толкование Песни Песней. СПБ., 1901 g. meliqiSvili, 1969 - Г.А. Меликишвили. К истории древней Грузии. Тб.,1969 r. metreveli, 2008 - qarTlis cxovreba, Tb., 2008 (mTavari redaqtori r. metreveli) m. seidovi, 1969 - М. Сейдов. Опыт этимологического анализа слова Бунтурк//бунтюрк. Доклады АН Азерб. ССР, 1969, 8 т. XXV t. futkaraZe, qarTvelebi (istoriuli sacxovrisi, dedaena, dialeqtebi), quTaisi, 2005 qarTlis cxovreba, 1955 - qarTlis cxovreba I, s.yauxCiSvilis redaqciiT, Tb., 1955 Satberdis krebuli - "Satberdis krebuli X saukunisa" (gamosacemad moamzades b. gigineiSvilma da el. giunaSvilma), Tb., 1979 g. qavTaraZe, 2006 - g. qavTaraZe, saqarTvelos saxelmwifoebrivi ganviTarebis sakiTxebi, kavkasiologiuri seria, II, Tb., 2006 g. wulaia, 1979 - Леонти Мровели. Жизнь Картлийских царей. Извлечение сведений с древнегрузинского, предисловие и комментарии Г.В. Цулая. М., 1979, с.59-60 i. javaxiSvili, 1977 - i. javaxiSvili, Txzulebani 12 tomad, t. VIII, Tb., 1977

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