Social Planning
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SOCIAL Planning SUMMITTED BY : AMBULO, DANIEL JOHN CLOMA, EMMAN FLORES , CHRISTIAN DAVID A DOLISEN, BSARCH IV - 2
DEMOGRAPHY Literally translated from the Greek language, the term demography means description of the people. The Multi-Lingual Demographic dictionary of the United Nations defines demography as the scientific study of the human population primarily with respect to size, structure and development. It is therefore concerned with the current size and characteristics of human population, how they were attained and how they are changing.
Population Projections
There are different methods of projecting future population. However, this guide suggests the combined use of GEOMETRIC and PARTICIPATION RATE methods as discussed below:
GEOMETRIC METHOD
PARTICIPATION RATE
This method simply uses ratio or percent share of a particular segment of population to total Population using actual/latest census data. The PR or ratio when applied to projected population will provide disaggregated projections such as population per barangay, dependent population, labor force population, population per age group, and others as may be needed for planning purposes.
II. POPULATION AND DEVELOPMENT INTERRELATIONSHIPS
A. Relevance to Sectoral Planning
1. Social Sectors a. Education b. Health, Nutrition and Family Planning c. Housing and Community Development d. Social Services and Welfare Services e. Peace and Order/Protective Services f. Recreational
2. Economic Services (Agriculture, Commerce and Trade, Industry and Tourism)
Population size, its growth, its spatial and age distribution affect the demand for economic good and services (food, clothing, and other manufactured products), the mix of industrial output and the need to generate employment opportunities.
Population density and rural population would exert impact on finite/limited cultivable land resources, thus raising concerns for intensive cultivation to increase productivity or encroachment on forest areas. a. Labor and Employment Analysis of the labor force determines the predominant development sectors in terms of employment of the population in an area, that is, the possible labor market. Areas with considerable unemployment may be determined and the data can guide the planners in redirecting development towards the area to create job opportunities for existing and projected population.
3. Infrastructure
●Population size and its growth determine the demand for power and water supply, drainage and sewerage and solid waste disposal systems among households. Population density is considered in planning water supply, drainage sewerage and energy systems since the concentration of potential consumers is ideal for the construction of physical facilities such as pipelines and transmission lines. ●Population size, its growth and geographical distribution would bear on the planning of transportation facilities inasmuch as the flow of commodities from production to consumption areas is induced by the demand of population for such commodities. Daytime population should be considered in highly urbanized centers of the metropolis.
GUIDE TO SOCIAL SECTOR STUDY
Education STEPS: I. Data Gathering and Processing A. Generate the following data/information and present in table format:
1. Schools by Level, Type, Facilities and Condition, 2. Student - Teacher and Student - Classroom Ratio by Level, 3. Tertiary and Vocational/Technical Schools by Type and Total Enrolment, 4. Historical Enrollment by Level for the last Three School Years, 5. Projected Classroom, Teacher Requirement in Public Schools, by Level, 6. Historical Enrollment Participation Rate for the Last Five (5) Years,
B. Determine the felt needs, aspirations and issues of the community relative to education through consultations such as general assembly, focus group discussion, barangay consultation or other consultative meetings with identified stakeholders. Gathering of information on felt needs and aspirations of the population maybe facilitated by designing /structuring questions as follows:
1. What issues and concerns related to education would you want to be addressed? (Note: Stakeholders should arrive at common issues/concerns thru consensus building). 2. In what ways can you (as a resident/community member, stakeholder) address/resolve these issues and concerns? 3. In what ways can the government address/resolve these issues and concerns? 4. What are your aspirations to improve the level of education services?
II. Data Analysis
Analyze the information gathered and discuss the education sector situation in the locality in terms of the following: 1. Availability, location and condition of educational facilities. 2. Adequacy of facilities and manpower based on existing national standards and mandatory requirements per existing Laws/policies, e.g. space standards 3. Accessibility of the educational facilities to the school-going age population in relation to the location and distribution of schools, presence and condition of access roads, and students’ safety. 4. Discuss trends and present a comparative analysis of the following for at least two (2) reference periods (current and previous years): • Enrollment participation rate • Drop-out rate • Literacy rate 5. Discuss identified environment-related concerns/problems affecting the sector.
III Current and Projected Needs A. Determine the current need for teachers and
classrooms based on the above findings and on the prescribed national standards.
Current classroom need:
Current teacher need:
B. Project the future needs for teachers, classrooms, and spatial/land requirements based on city/municipal vision, projected school-going age population, and other considerations unique to the locality.
Use the same formula for projecting teacher need.
C. Project spatial/land allocation requirements using the Standards and Guidelines
IV. Sector Analysis Matrix
A. Consolidate and validate the findings of the above steps with the result of the consultation. A.
1. List the key issues, problems, and concerns. 2. Determine the possible implications/impacts of the above issues, problems, and concerns.
B. Recommend interventions as follows:
1. Realistic policy options and appropriate strategies. 2. Programs and projects for implementation.
ze , tabulate and present the results in matrix form mple ) Education Analysis Matrix Technical Findings/ Observations
Implications (Effects)
Policy Options/ Interventions
• Inadequate school buildings and over crowded classrooms • Schools easily flooded or situated in flood-prone areas • High drop-out rate due to: a. Financial constraint b. Sickly school children due to malnutrition c. Distance and poor accessibility from residence to school
• Poor quality education. • Poor quality education due to frequent disruption of classes • Increasing number of Out ofSchool Youths (OSYs)
• Construction of new school buildings/ classrooms • Possible relocation of school sites • Provide comprehensive program for OSYs including livelihood opportunities. • Continuous implementation of feeding program in schools. • Improvement of roads linking residential area to school.
HEALTH AND SANITATION Steps I. Data Gathering and Processing
A. Generate the following data/information and present in table format:
1. General Health Situation for the Last Five Years 2. Medical Health Facilities and Personnel, Year 3. Ten Leading Causes of Morbidity for the Last Three Years 4. Ten Leading Causes of Mortality for the Last Three Years 5. Malnourished Children for the Last Three Years 6. Existing Cemeteries and Memorial Parks, Year 7. Number of Households in Occupied Housing Units by Type of Toilet Facilities, 8. Projected Requirements for Barangay Health Facilities, Year 9. Solid Waste Generation by Source, Year
B. Determine the felt needs, aspirations and issues of the community relative to health through consultations such as general assembly, focus group discussion, barangay consultation or other consultative meetings with identified stakeholders.
Gathering of information on felt needs and aspirations of the population maybe facilitated by designing /structuring questions such as:
• What issues and concerns related to health and sanitation environment would you want to be addressed? • In what ways can you (as a resident/community member, stakeholder) address/resolve these issues and concerns? • In what ways can the government address/resolve these issues and concerns? • What are your aspirations to improve the level of health services?
C. Gather additional data/information if warranted by the results of the
II. Data Analysis
Assess the existing health and sanitation situation of the locality and prepare a brief narrative report in terms of the following:
A. Health Resources
1. Availability of health facilities in terms of number, services offered, type, distribution/location 2. Adequacy/accessibility of services 3. Adequacy of health personnel and budget 4. Epidemic occurrence 5. Accessibility to health services and facilities within the 35 km.-radius 6. Top leading causes of mortality and morbidity of the population and how these relate to the adequacy and efficiency of health services and facilities, local sanitation and hygiene practices.
B. Burial Grounds
1. Availability (number and area) and accessibility (location) of burial grounds in the locality to include services in the adjacent or nearby cities/municipalities. 2. Adequacy of existing burial grounds taking into consideration the following: � present condition burial practices approved memorial parks and cemeteries
C. Solid Waste and Wastewater Facilities
1. Availability, adequacy and description of existing solid waste management /treatment/disposal methods and facilities (e.g. Material Recovery Facility, Sanitary Land Fill, controlled dumpsite, etc.), location, and operations; 2. Sectors involved and institutional structure (responsible personnel, communities, groups involved and manner of participation in solid waste management) ; 3. Existing systems and techniques of waste storage, collection, reduction, reuse and recycling, treatment and disposal employed in the city/municipality including those practiced by hospitals and other establishments known to generate toxic, hazardous or nuclear wastes; 4. Sources of pollution/contamination affecting the drainage system; 5. Existing facilities available for wastewater collection, treatment and disposal, coverage area and treatment efficiency and adequacy to cater to existing and projected development scenarios.
III. Current and Projected Needs
Determine the current needs and future requirements for health facilities and personnel as well as burial facilities and solid waste and wastewater management.
A. Health Resources
The determination of current needs and future requirements shall consider the following:
• • • •
area and location per type of hospital number of beds per type of facility number of personnel by category facilities and kinds of treatment/ function/services per level of health services.
B. Burial Grounds
Determine the current need and future requirement for burial grounds based on standards, recognized planning and design criteria . The future area requirement is computed as follows:
1. Compute for the Crude Death Rate (CDR) following the formula below:
2. Using the CDR, project the number of deaths by multiplying it to the number of projected population. Divide the product by 1,000.
3. Consider the number of burials within the city/municipality in projecting the area required for burial grounds. The following steps are recommended:
� Compare the number of deaths and the number of burial permits. The difference is equivalent to the number of burials outside the city/municipality. Add the number of burials outside the municipality to the number of cremations, if any. Subtract the sum from the number of deaths. The result is the number of deaths buried within the city/municipality. To compute for the projected number of deaths to be buried within the city/municipality, get the participation rate by:
4. To determine the projected area requirement for burial grounds, multiply the projected number of deaths with the participation rate and the minimum plot size of 1.0 meter by 2.44 meters.
5. Get the capacity of existing cemetery and other private memorial parks to be able to determine if there is a need to identify other burial site. 6. Estimate cemetery requirement based on a minimum plot size of 1.0 meter by 2.44 meters (excluding open spaces, circulation and facility requirements).
C. Solid Waste and Wastewater Management
1. Determine the area needed for solid waste management site. The following formula may assist LGUs in projecting the area needed for a waste management facility considering waste generation, waste density, service time, and the design height
7. Select the site for solid waste facilities and indicate in the land use map. The following is the general sitting criteria for waste facilities: � Environmentally satisfactory – prevent surface and groundwater pollution, soil contamination, and air pollution; Socially acceptable – minimize smell and noise, aesthetic Good accessibility – proper distance, good road infrastructure Good service provision – access to water, power, and sewerage.
8. Appropriate the necessary land, including the required right-of-way access to the land for the construction of the sewage and/or septage treatment facilities (Sec. 7, RA 9275 – Clean Water Act) 9. Identify other viable strategies to contain and manage wastewater such as:
� Establishment of technologies (mechanized/nonmechanized) for wastewater treatment; Protection and preservation of natural wetlands from destruction, loss or degradation, recognizing its role as a natural filtration system for wastewater before it enters a larger body of water; Reuse of wastewater/water reclamation; Provision of market-based mechanisms such as the adoption of “pollution charge” policy.
IV. Sector Analysis Matrix
A. Consolidate and validate the findings of the above steps with the result of the consultation/s.
1. List the key issues, problems, and concerns of the health sector. 2. Determine the possible implications/impacts of the health and sanitation situation to such issues as Economic – commercial, industrial, agricultural; Social – housing, education, social welfare; and Environmental – water supply, garbage, hospital and industrial wastes, cemeteries and burial grounds.
B. Recommend interventions as follows:
1. Realistic policy options and appropriate strategies
C. Prioritize, tabulate, and present the results in matrix form as follows: (Sample) Health and Sanitation Analysis Matrix Implications Policy Options/
Technical Findings/Observations
Poor health of infants and mothers in Brgy. A Congested public Cemetery Improper disposal /inadequate treatment of hazardous/pollutive hospital/industrial wastes Presence of ecoli / contamination of sources of water supply/ bodies of water
(Effects)
Interventions
Additional cost incurred for health care and medications Risks of burials spilling on adjoining properties/ critical areas Population at risk to infection/spread of diseases Exposure to diseases Health risks to families /individuals using water from these sources/bodies of water
Promotion of preventive rather than curative approach to health Provision of additional brgy. health worker and medicines in Brgy. A Intensify health programs and services in Brgy. A Expansion of existing cemetery in suitable areas Policy that waste generators shall be responsible for the proper management and disposal of waste and to bear the costs attendant to it. Provision of space/ technology for the disposal /treatment of hospital/industrial hazardous wastes Imposition of pollution charge policy Periodic testing of water Source Study source of contamination and propose actions accordingly
Location Criteria/Guidelines for the Different Hospitals and Health Facilities
Rural Health Units
� Barangay Health Station (BHS) - the BHS is the initial unit which dispense basic health care i.e. maternal and child care, immunizations, treatment of simple medical conditions, nutrition, family planning, sanitary health care, emergency treatment and health education. The recommended service zone is from three (3) to five (5) kilometers considering transport availability for both the patient and medical staff and serving a population of 5,000. The BHS is manned by full-time rural health midwife. It should be centrally located and grouped with the other institutional facilities such as chapel, school and park/playground. Main Health Center (MHC) - The MHC engages in a broad range of activities covering mostly referrals from the BHS and the preventive, promotive and curative aspects of health care. The MHCs are under the administrative and technical supervision of the Municipal Government. A municipality should have one MHC regardless of the number of population, thus the catchment area is the whole municipality
City Health Center
In a city, the City Health Center (CHC) renders the same services as that of the Main Health Center but under the administrative and technical supervision of the City Health Office. Both the MHC and CHC should be located preferably near the commercial section of the municipality/city where public transportation is available. Main Health Center and City Health should be guided by the following considerations:
� Every municipality/city should have at least one MHC/CHC (for every 50,000 population) Planned within the context of the poblacion: o The use of MHC/CHC will be optimized if the site is close to the market center; o It should be accessible to major roads and bus routes; o It should be located in areas with no obnoxious smells, noise or hazardous traffic condition; and o It should be free from flood dangers; sub-soil condition must be acceptable.
Municipal Hospital - The hospital has a service zone with a radius of approximately thirty (30) kilometers. It should be located in settlements not provided with hospital services, thus, serving as local gravitation points and socio-economic centers. In special cases, it may be located in remote areas and provided with adequate transport facilities. Secondary Care District Hospital - The hospital provides definitive care in the four (4) basic specialties, namely: medicine, surgery, obstetrics, gynecology and pediatrics. These specialties are however not departmentalized and required to have services as radiology, pharmacy, dietary and laboratory in areas where the provincial hospital is accessible, facilities for emergency cases are provided. The secondary care district hospital has a service radius of at least thirty five (35) kilometers servicing the municipality or municipalities where it is located including its periphery. Tertiary Care Provincial Hospital - The hospital offers services that of district hospitals but on a departmentalized basis. Additional facilities/services such as operating rooms, dental services and outpatient units as well as support services/facilities like x-ray and laboratory are provided
The hospital should be located preferably at the capital town, catchment area is the whole province. Tertiary Care Regional Hospital - The regional hospital is usually located in the regional center and offers more services than a provincial hospital. Facilities/services provided are: Intensive Care Units (ICU), Coronary Care Units (CCU), Eye, Ear, Nose and Throat (EENT) services, orthopedics and delivery room facilities. Nursing services to assist the specialists are likewise provided.
A regional hospital will be located within the context of the region to serve the most number of people in the region. A regional center must have a medical center or a regional hospital. A nursing staff is provided from RHU to Tertiary care level to assist the specialists.
Medical Center - The Medical Center offers special care beyond the capabilities of Regional Hospital. This center provides opportunities for training, teaching and research in the medical field.
Government Hospital - It is a hospital operated and maintained partially or wholly by the National, Provincial, Municipal or City Government or other political subdivision, board or other agency. Private Hospital - It is a hospital owned, established and operated with funds raised or contributed through donations, or by private capital or other means by private individuals, association, corporation, religious organizations, from company or joint stock association.
General Hospital - It is a hospital that provides services for all kinds of illnesses, diseases, injuries or deformities.
Special Hospital - It is a hospital that provides services for one particular kind of illness/ disease or health medical care need.
Teaching and Training Hospital - It is a fully departmentalized hospital with accredited residency training program in a specified specialty or discipline.
HOUSING STEPS:
I. Data Gathering and Processing
A. Generate the following data/information and present in table format:
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7.
Housing Situation for the Last Three Censual Years Housing Backlog, Year____) Informal Settlements Areas, Year ____) Inventory of Residential Subdivisions, Year____ Resettlement Areas, Year_____ (Table 34) Housing Facilities and Utilities Situation, Year_____ Owner of Households in Occupied Housing Units by Tenure Status of Housing Units and Lots, Year___ 8. Occupied Housing Units by Condition (State Of Repair) of the
B. Determine the felt needs, aspirations and issues of the community relative to housing through consultations such as general assembly, focus group discussion, barangay consultation or other consultative meetings with identified stakeholders.
Gathering of information on felt needs and aspirations of the population maybe facilitated by designing /structuring questions as follows: 1. What issues and concerns related to housing including environmental would you want to be addressed? 2. In what ways can you (as a resident/community member, stakeholder) address/resolve these issues and concerns? 3. In what ways can the government address/resolve these issues and concerns? 4. What are your aspirations to improve the level of housing services?
C. Gather additional data /information if warranted by the results of the
II. Data Analysis
Assess the existing housing situation of the locality and prepare a brief narrative report in terms of the following:
1. Ratio of households to occupied housing units based on the standard ratio of one household in one housing unit (1:1). Ratio higher than 1:1 indicates the existence of doubled-up households and a shortage in housing units. (Doubled-up households (DUHH) are housing backlogs that need to be considered in determining housing need/demand).
2. Ratio of household population to occupied housing units (average number of occupants per occupied housing unit).
3. Acceptability of housing units by structural quality of construction materials of walls and roofs: concrete, semi-concrete; housing units made of mixed and light materials, barong barongs and others. Five percent (5%) of housing units made of mixed and light aterials are estimated lost due to obsolescent and decay annually. Lost and obsolete units are for replacement of new units. These are also backlogs to be considered in determining housing need/demand.
4. Need for repair of housing units whether major, minor or totally dilapidated.
6. Upgrading needs of households in occupied housing units in terms of: tenure status; infrastructure needs or access to services; and structure improvement needs or condition of housing unit and needs for repair. • Tenure status of households in occupied housing units: percentage of owner households; renting households; and those occupying houses or lots with or without consent of owner. • Renters and those occupants for free with consent of owners are households with upgrading needs. The households-occupants of houses or lots for free without the consent of owners can be considered informal settlers. These groups must be considered in planning. • Access of households in occupied housing units to services and utilities such as water, power, garbage disposal, sanitation and roads. Percentage of household served or provided with these services will determine the accessibility of households. Households not served by the services/facilities are included in the table of households with upgrading needs. • Households in occupied housing units that needs major repair or are already dilapidated are also included in those households with upgrading needs.
7. Location, area, and impacts of existing housing projects (private subdivision projects) and programs (government/civic organization housing programs) in the city/ municipality.
8. Location, area, and extent of existing blighted areas, squatter areas, and/or settlements in environmentally critical areas.
III. Current and Projected Needs
Determine the current needs and future requirements for housing and present in short narrative form:
a. Extent of housing needs/demand, current and projected, in terms of housing units needed and upgrading needs. for needs assessment and projection methods, and definition of terms). b. Land requirements based on housing needs assessment. c. Availability of housing resources: land, infrastructure, and financing. d. Matching of housing needs/demands to available resources/supply for housing.
IV. Sector Analysis Matrix
A. Consolidate and validate the findings of the above steps with the result of the consultation.
1. List the key issues, problems, and concerns of the housing sector. 2. Determine the possible implications/impacts of the key issues, problems, and concerns.
B. Recommend interventions such as:
1. Realistic policy options and appropriate strategies 2. Programs and projects for implementation with due consideration of
C. Prioritize, tabulate, and present the results in matrix form as follows:
(Sample) Housing Matrix
Technical
Implications (effects
Policy Options/ Interventions
• Uncontrolled settlements in public properties • Deterioration in water Quality • Detrimental to fishery production and ecological balance • Expose lives of residents to wrath of natural calamities
• Identify suitable relocation sites for settlers along foreshore lands and river easements • Establish a system to periodically monitor encroachment on public properties • Relocate settlements in high risk areas to safer areas
Findings/Observations • Fisher folk settlements in foreshore lands in Brgy.__.
• Settlements in flood/ landslide prone areas/ near sanitary landfill • Congested blighted areas
Table 31. Housing Backlog, Year_____
Backlog
No.
Doubled – Up Households
Unacceptable Housing Units
%
Makeshift / Salvage/ Improvised HU
Total Backlog
100%
Source: NSO/City/Municipal Social Welfare and Development Office CPDO/MPDC/ Local Housing Board/Local Urban Poor Affairs Office
1. Doubled – Up (DUHH) = No. of Households (HH) – No. of Housing Units (HU) 2. Unacceptable Housing Units = 5% of HU made of mixed materials
Mixed Materials
= HU with walls and roof made of wood, cogon/Nipa/ anahaw,
ASSESSMENT TOOLS AND METHODS For uniformity, adopt the UN Shelter Method which was developed by UNDP in the projection of apparent housing demand or housing need where: Housing Need = Backlog + New Households
Backlog
• Double occupancy
Dwelling units which are shared by 2 or more households = HHT – DUT Where: HHT is total nos. of households DUT is total no. of dwelling units
• Displaced units
Units to replace those units: 1. In danger areas 2. On lands earmarked for gov’t. infrastructure 3. In areas where there is a court order for eviction and demolition Total Displaced Units is the summation of units defined above
New Households
• Homeless
Households living in parks, along sidewalks and all those without any form of shelter (NSO Definition) Based on the information that HUDCC gathered, the acceptable norm in computing the number of homelessness is as follows: 0.1% of urban households 0.001% of rural households
• Upgrading
Units for land tenure, infrastructure and structural improvement
Number of Households formed due to population increase
Com put ing for Hom eless Households and Tot al Need of Hom eless
The estimated number of households in a given municipality is derived by dividing the total population by the estimated household size.
d. Estimate future housing needs for projected years by substituting directly this formula: Future housing demand = X ert Where: X = housing units at latest census e = 2.71828 (a constant) r = rate of increase of housing units between two censal years t = time interval between latest housing censal year and projected planning years.
SOCIAL WELFARE SERVICES
Step:
I. Data Gathering and Processing
A. Generate the following data/information and present in table format:
1. Social Welfare Facilities, Services and Clientele, Year___
2. Historical Number of Population Served by Type of Clientele System,
3. Social Welfare Related Projects, Approved/Funded for Implementation, Year___
B. Determine the felt needs, aspirations and issues of the community elative to social welfare services through consultations such as general assembly, focus group discussion, barangay consultation or other consultative meetings with identified stakeholders. Gathering of information on felt needs and aspirations of the population maybe
facilitated by designing/structuring questions such as:
1. What issues and concerns related to social welfare services would you want to be
addressed?
II. Data Analysis
Assess the existing social welfare services situation of the locality and prepare a brief
narrative report in terms of the following:
1. Presence of social welfare organizations and instrumentalities in the locality
enumerating therein the existing facilities and the services offered. (Refer to Table 40).
2. Proportion of each type of clientele served in need of any particular type of social welfare assistance to:
a. total clientele served
b. total population
3. Percentage of the population living below poverty threshold
4. Percentage of clientele system for the past three years.
5. Responsiveness of existing welfare programs, such as Social Reform Agenda vis-à-vis development needs. Relate these programs and projects with the number of clientele served. Refer to Annex 12, list of DSWD’s priority programs and projects.
III. Current and Projected Needs
1. Determine the current need and future requirement for social welfare services based on standards or recognized planning and design criteria embodied in different laws listed in Annex 13. 2. Determine the need for funding and resources to fully implement the requisite social welfare program per identified welfare requirements of qualified residents
IV. Sector Analysis Matrix
A. Consolidate and validate the findings of the above steps with the result of the consultation.
1. List the key issues, problems, and concerns of the social welfare services sector. 2. Determine the possible implications/impacts of the key issues, problems, and concerns.
B. Recommend interventions such as:
1. Realistic policy options and appropriate strategies 2. Programs and projects for implementation with due
C. Prioritize, tabulate, and present the results in matrix form as follows:
(Sample) Social Welfare Services Analysis Matrix Technical Findings/ Observations Rise of psycho-social related problems in Absence of seniorareas disaster affected citizen care center
Implications (Effects) Rise in violence and crimes Unmet senior citizens’ need for socialization and more active community involvement
Policy Options/ Interventions Intensify outreach and livelihood programs for Establishment disaster victimsof a Senior Citizen care center.
PROTECTIVE SERVICES
STEPS:
I.
Data Gathering and Processing
A. Generate the following data/ information and present in table format:
1. Protective Services by Facilities and Equipment, Year____ 2. Barangay Tanod by Type of Service, Year____ 3. Fire Incidence for the Last 5 Years 4. Crime Incidence by Barangay by Type, by Sex of Offender for the Last 5 Years 5. Current and Projected Requirement for Police and Firemen, Year___
B. Determine the felt needs, aspirations and issues of the community relative to protective services through consultations such as general assembly, focus group discussion, barangay consultation or other consultative meetings with identified stakeholders.
Gathering of information on felt needs and aspirations of the population may be facilitated by designing/structuring questions such as : 1. What issues and concerns related to protective services would you want to be addressed? 2. In what ways can you (as a resident/community member, stakeholder) address/resolve these issues and concerns? 3. In what ways can the government address/resolve these issues and concerns? 4. What are your aspirations to improve the level of protective services?
C. Gather additional data/information as warranted by the result of the consultations/ meetings conducted.
II. Data Analysis
Assess the existing peace and order situation of the locality and prepare a brief narrative report in terms of the following: 1. Capability of existing protective services considering its availability and sufficiency of personnel and equipment/facilities, e.g. police, fire station, jail/detention homes, patrol cars, fire trucks, prisoner vans, etc. 2. Response time of the protective services personnel during crime and fire incidence 3. Availability and sufficiency of barangay tanods in each barangay 4. Condition of the general peace and order situation of adjacent towns. 5. Relate the peace and order situation of the city/municipality with the presence of underlying social and economic problems such as drug addiction, unemployment, etc.
III. Current and Future Needs
Determine the current need and future requirement based on standards or recognized planning and design criteria listed in Annex 14 and other considerations unique to the municipality/city.
Example:
Current Population of the Municipality Existing Number of Policemen Police to Population ratio (Min. standard)
Projected Population of Municipality, Y1 Y2 Total Demand for policemen
= 60,000 = 20 = 1 Policeman /1,000 persons
Current Police Requirement
= 65,000 = 70,000 = 60,000 x 1/1000 = 60 policemen
= Total Demand for Policemen – Actual Number of Policemen = 60 – 20
Current Police Requirement
Future Requirement
Future Requirement for Year1
= 40 policemen = Projected Population x 1policeman/1,000 persons
Year 2
= 65,000 x 1/1,000 = 65 policemen
= 70,000 x 1/1,000 = 70 policemen
Use the same procedure to compute for the current and future demand for firemen and jail guards using the prescribed standards.
IV. Sector Analysis Matrix
A. Consolidate and validate the findings of the above steps with the result of the consultation.
1. List the key issues, problems, and concerns of the protective services sector. 2. Determine the possible implications/impacts of the key issues, problems, and concerns.
B. Recommend interventions such as:
1. Realistic policy options and appropriate strategies 2. Programs and projects for implementation with due consideration of current and pipeline projects.
C. Prioritize, tabulate, and present the results in matrix form as follows:
(Sample) Protective Services Matrix
Technical Findings/ Observations Lack of firemen/fire fighting facilities Rising incidence of crimes in Brgy. X
Implications (Effects) Policy Options/ Interventions Spread of fire is not Recruitment and easily training of Deterioration of Increase police contained fire volunteer peace and visibility in brigades order Brgy. X
The average manning levels of the PNP nationwide shall be approximately in accordance to the following:
The actual protective services strength of the cities/municipalities shall depend on the state of peace and order, population density and actual demands of the service in the particular area.
The present Bureau of Fire Protection reference to determine the ideal number of firemen in every city or municipality is as follows: a. Fireman to Population Ratio is 1:2000 b. Fire Truck to Population Ratio is 1:28,000 c. Fire Truck to Fireman Ratio is 1:14
The average manning level of the BJMP nationwide shall be approximated as follows: a. Ideal Jail Guard-to-inmate = 1 jail guard population ratio 5 jail inmates b. Minimum Standard of jail = 1 jail guard_ guard-to-inmate pop’nratio 7 jail inmates
RECREATIONAL STEPS:
I. Data Gathering and Processing
A. Generate the following data/information and present in table format:
1. Existing Sports and Recreational Facilities by Barangay, Year
B. Determine the felt needs, aspirations and issues of the community relative to sports and recreation through consultations such as general assembly, focus group discussion, barangay consultation or other consultative meetings with identified stakeholders.
Gathering of information on felt needs and aspirations of the population may be facilitated by designing/structuring questions such as: 1. What issues and concerns related to protective services would you want to be addressed? 2. In what ways can you (as a resident/community member, stakeholder) address/resolve these issues and concerns? 3. In what ways can the government address/resolve these issues and concerns? 4. What are your aspirations to improve the level of sports and recreation?
II. Data Analysis
Assess and describe the sports and recreation situation prevailing in the locality in terms of the following:
1. Availability and efficiency of sports and recreation facilities according to number, type, ownership and areas in each barangay, including facilities in schools and subdivision. 2. Conditions of facilities and presence of necessary auxiliary facilities (e.g. toilets, benches, lighting facilities, etc.) 3. Appropriateness of facility’s location and areas in relation to population concentration for population serve. 4. Physical accessibility of the existing facilities, e.g. presence and condition of roads to and from the facilities, natural scenic spots, beaches, etc. 5. Accessibility of the population to the sports and recreation facilities in adjacent towns. 6. Availability of potential areas for sports and recreation and opportunities for tourism development. 7. Any observed implications/relationship between the lack of sports and recreation and the rise in health and education problems, e.g. drug addiction, poor mental and physical development, etc.
III. Current and Projected Needs
Determine the current need and future requirement for sports and recreation based on standards, recognized planning and design criteria listed in Annex 16 and other considerations unique to the locality
IV. Sectoral Analysis Matrix
A. Consolidate and validate the findings of the above steps with the result of the consultation.
1. List the key issues, problems, and concerns of the sports and recreation sector. 2. Determine the possible implications/impacts of the key issues, problems, and concerns.
B. Recommend interventions such as:
1. Realistic policy options and appropriate strategies 2. Programs and projects for implementation with due consideration of current and pipeline projects.
C. Prioritize, tabulate, and present the results in matrix form as follows:
(Sample) Sports and Recreation Matrix
Technical Findings/ Implications (Effects) Policy Options/ Observations Interventions • Concentration of sports and Limited opportunity for • Identify areas for sports recreation facilities in only residents to indulge in and recreation two barangays sports and recreation • Inequitable distribution of • Provide additional sports sports and recreational • Right-of-way being used as and recreation facilities facilities playing area • Location of sports/ • Provide measures to recreational facilities in/ near avoid accidents/any danger areas e.g. cliffs; • Risk to the danger; relocate sports/ health hazards e.g. lives/health of recreational facilities away landfill the people from any health hazard structure/infrastructure
STANDARDS FOR RECREATIONAL FACILITIES
Sports and Recreation:
1. A minimum of 500 sq.m. per 1,000 population for city or municipal park. 2. A minimum of 0.5 hectare per 1,000 population for playfield/athletic field.
Athletic Field.
The allocation of external space for the athletic field should allow adequate provision for the laying out of the following basic components, among others:
a. A standard oval tract with a distance of 400 meters. b. A baseball diamond with sides measuring 27.4 meters (90 ft.) long. c. A softball diamond with sides measuring 18.2 meters (60 ft.) long. d. A soccer football field measuring 90-120 meters (100-130 yards) long and 4590 meters (50-100 yards) wide. e. A basketball court which should be a flat, hard, not grass surface measuring 26 x 14 meters (85 x 46 feet). f. A volleyball court measuring 18 meters long and 9 meters wide (60 x 30 feet). g. A lawn tennis courts measuring 23.77 meters long and 8.23 meters wide (73 x 27 feet), which is the standard for singles. For doubles, a wider court is used, 10.97 meters (36 feet) wide.
THE END
THANK YOU
DEMOGRAPHY Literally translated from the Greek language, the term demography means description of the people. The Multi-Lingual Demographic dictionary of the United Nations defines demography as the scientific study of the human population primarily with respect to size, structure and development. It is therefore concerned with the current size and characteristics of human population, how they were attained and how they are changing.
Population Projections
There are different methods of projecting future population. However, this guide suggests the combined use of GEOMETRIC and PARTICIPATION RATE methods as discussed below:
GEOMETRIC METHOD
PARTICIPATION RATE
This method simply uses ratio or percent share of a particular segment of population to total Population using actual/latest census data. The PR or ratio when applied to projected population will provide disaggregated projections such as population per barangay, dependent population, labor force population, population per age group, and others as may be needed for planning purposes.
II. POPULATION AND DEVELOPMENT INTERRELATIONSHIPS
A. Relevance to Sectoral Planning
1. Social Sectors a. Education b. Health, Nutrition and Family Planning c. Housing and Community Development d. Social Services and Welfare Services e. Peace and Order/Protective Services f. Recreational
2. Economic Services (Agriculture, Commerce and Trade, Industry and Tourism)
Population size, its growth, its spatial and age distribution affect the demand for economic good and services (food, clothing, and other manufactured products), the mix of industrial output and the need to generate employment opportunities.
Population density and rural population would exert impact on finite/limited cultivable land resources, thus raising concerns for intensive cultivation to increase productivity or encroachment on forest areas. a. Labor and Employment Analysis of the labor force determines the predominant development sectors in terms of employment of the population in an area, that is, the possible labor market. Areas with considerable unemployment may be determined and the data can guide the planners in redirecting development towards the area to create job opportunities for existing and projected population.
3. Infrastructure
●Population size and its growth determine the demand for power and water supply, drainage and sewerage and solid waste disposal systems among households. Population density is considered in planning water supply, drainage sewerage and energy systems since the concentration of potential consumers is ideal for the construction of physical facilities such as pipelines and transmission lines. ●Population size, its growth and geographical distribution would bear on the planning of transportation facilities inasmuch as the flow of commodities from production to consumption areas is induced by the demand of population for such commodities. Daytime population should be considered in highly urbanized centers of the metropolis.
GUIDE TO SOCIAL SECTOR STUDY
Education STEPS: I. Data Gathering and Processing A. Generate the following data/information and present in table format:
1. Schools by Level, Type, Facilities and Condition, 2. Student - Teacher and Student - Classroom Ratio by Level, 3. Tertiary and Vocational/Technical Schools by Type and Total Enrolment, 4. Historical Enrollment by Level for the last Three School Years, 5. Projected Classroom, Teacher Requirement in Public Schools, by Level, 6. Historical Enrollment Participation Rate for the Last Five (5) Years,
B. Determine the felt needs, aspirations and issues of the community relative to education through consultations such as general assembly, focus group discussion, barangay consultation or other consultative meetings with identified stakeholders. Gathering of information on felt needs and aspirations of the population maybe facilitated by designing /structuring questions as follows:
1. What issues and concerns related to education would you want to be addressed? (Note: Stakeholders should arrive at common issues/concerns thru consensus building). 2. In what ways can you (as a resident/community member, stakeholder) address/resolve these issues and concerns? 3. In what ways can the government address/resolve these issues and concerns? 4. What are your aspirations to improve the level of education services?
II. Data Analysis
Analyze the information gathered and discuss the education sector situation in the locality in terms of the following: 1. Availability, location and condition of educational facilities. 2. Adequacy of facilities and manpower based on existing national standards and mandatory requirements per existing Laws/policies, e.g. space standards 3. Accessibility of the educational facilities to the school-going age population in relation to the location and distribution of schools, presence and condition of access roads, and students’ safety. 4. Discuss trends and present a comparative analysis of the following for at least two (2) reference periods (current and previous years): • Enrollment participation rate • Drop-out rate • Literacy rate 5. Discuss identified environment-related concerns/problems affecting the sector.
III Current and Projected Needs A. Determine the current need for teachers and
classrooms based on the above findings and on the prescribed national standards.
Current classroom need:
Current teacher need:
B. Project the future needs for teachers, classrooms, and spatial/land requirements based on city/municipal vision, projected school-going age population, and other considerations unique to the locality.
Use the same formula for projecting teacher need.
C. Project spatial/land allocation requirements using the Standards and Guidelines
IV. Sector Analysis Matrix
A. Consolidate and validate the findings of the above steps with the result of the consultation. A.
1. List the key issues, problems, and concerns. 2. Determine the possible implications/impacts of the above issues, problems, and concerns.
B. Recommend interventions as follows:
1. Realistic policy options and appropriate strategies. 2. Programs and projects for implementation.
ze , tabulate and present the results in matrix form mple ) Education Analysis Matrix Technical Findings/ Observations
Implications (Effects)
Policy Options/ Interventions
• Inadequate school buildings and over crowded classrooms • Schools easily flooded or situated in flood-prone areas • High drop-out rate due to: a. Financial constraint b. Sickly school children due to malnutrition c. Distance and poor accessibility from residence to school
• Poor quality education. • Poor quality education due to frequent disruption of classes • Increasing number of Out ofSchool Youths (OSYs)
• Construction of new school buildings/ classrooms • Possible relocation of school sites • Provide comprehensive program for OSYs including livelihood opportunities. • Continuous implementation of feeding program in schools. • Improvement of roads linking residential area to school.
HEALTH AND SANITATION Steps I. Data Gathering and Processing
A. Generate the following data/information and present in table format:
1. General Health Situation for the Last Five Years 2. Medical Health Facilities and Personnel, Year 3. Ten Leading Causes of Morbidity for the Last Three Years 4. Ten Leading Causes of Mortality for the Last Three Years 5. Malnourished Children for the Last Three Years 6. Existing Cemeteries and Memorial Parks, Year 7. Number of Households in Occupied Housing Units by Type of Toilet Facilities, 8. Projected Requirements for Barangay Health Facilities, Year 9. Solid Waste Generation by Source, Year
B. Determine the felt needs, aspirations and issues of the community relative to health through consultations such as general assembly, focus group discussion, barangay consultation or other consultative meetings with identified stakeholders.
Gathering of information on felt needs and aspirations of the population maybe facilitated by designing /structuring questions such as:
• What issues and concerns related to health and sanitation environment would you want to be addressed? • In what ways can you (as a resident/community member, stakeholder) address/resolve these issues and concerns? • In what ways can the government address/resolve these issues and concerns? • What are your aspirations to improve the level of health services?
C. Gather additional data/information if warranted by the results of the
II. Data Analysis
Assess the existing health and sanitation situation of the locality and prepare a brief narrative report in terms of the following:
A. Health Resources
1. Availability of health facilities in terms of number, services offered, type, distribution/location 2. Adequacy/accessibility of services 3. Adequacy of health personnel and budget 4. Epidemic occurrence 5. Accessibility to health services and facilities within the 35 km.-radius 6. Top leading causes of mortality and morbidity of the population and how these relate to the adequacy and efficiency of health services and facilities, local sanitation and hygiene practices.
B. Burial Grounds
1. Availability (number and area) and accessibility (location) of burial grounds in the locality to include services in the adjacent or nearby cities/municipalities. 2. Adequacy of existing burial grounds taking into consideration the following: � present condition burial practices approved memorial parks and cemeteries
C. Solid Waste and Wastewater Facilities
1. Availability, adequacy and description of existing solid waste management /treatment/disposal methods and facilities (e.g. Material Recovery Facility, Sanitary Land Fill, controlled dumpsite, etc.), location, and operations; 2. Sectors involved and institutional structure (responsible personnel, communities, groups involved and manner of participation in solid waste management) ; 3. Existing systems and techniques of waste storage, collection, reduction, reuse and recycling, treatment and disposal employed in the city/municipality including those practiced by hospitals and other establishments known to generate toxic, hazardous or nuclear wastes; 4. Sources of pollution/contamination affecting the drainage system; 5. Existing facilities available for wastewater collection, treatment and disposal, coverage area and treatment efficiency and adequacy to cater to existing and projected development scenarios.
III. Current and Projected Needs
Determine the current needs and future requirements for health facilities and personnel as well as burial facilities and solid waste and wastewater management.
A. Health Resources
The determination of current needs and future requirements shall consider the following:
• • • •
area and location per type of hospital number of beds per type of facility number of personnel by category facilities and kinds of treatment/ function/services per level of health services.
B. Burial Grounds
Determine the current need and future requirement for burial grounds based on standards, recognized planning and design criteria . The future area requirement is computed as follows:
1. Compute for the Crude Death Rate (CDR) following the formula below:
2. Using the CDR, project the number of deaths by multiplying it to the number of projected population. Divide the product by 1,000.
3. Consider the number of burials within the city/municipality in projecting the area required for burial grounds. The following steps are recommended:
� Compare the number of deaths and the number of burial permits. The difference is equivalent to the number of burials outside the city/municipality. Add the number of burials outside the municipality to the number of cremations, if any. Subtract the sum from the number of deaths. The result is the number of deaths buried within the city/municipality. To compute for the projected number of deaths to be buried within the city/municipality, get the participation rate by:
4. To determine the projected area requirement for burial grounds, multiply the projected number of deaths with the participation rate and the minimum plot size of 1.0 meter by 2.44 meters.
5. Get the capacity of existing cemetery and other private memorial parks to be able to determine if there is a need to identify other burial site. 6. Estimate cemetery requirement based on a minimum plot size of 1.0 meter by 2.44 meters (excluding open spaces, circulation and facility requirements).
C. Solid Waste and Wastewater Management
1. Determine the area needed for solid waste management site. The following formula may assist LGUs in projecting the area needed for a waste management facility considering waste generation, waste density, service time, and the design height
7. Select the site for solid waste facilities and indicate in the land use map. The following is the general sitting criteria for waste facilities: � Environmentally satisfactory – prevent surface and groundwater pollution, soil contamination, and air pollution; Socially acceptable – minimize smell and noise, aesthetic Good accessibility – proper distance, good road infrastructure Good service provision – access to water, power, and sewerage.
8. Appropriate the necessary land, including the required right-of-way access to the land for the construction of the sewage and/or septage treatment facilities (Sec. 7, RA 9275 – Clean Water Act) 9. Identify other viable strategies to contain and manage wastewater such as:
� Establishment of technologies (mechanized/nonmechanized) for wastewater treatment; Protection and preservation of natural wetlands from destruction, loss or degradation, recognizing its role as a natural filtration system for wastewater before it enters a larger body of water; Reuse of wastewater/water reclamation; Provision of market-based mechanisms such as the adoption of “pollution charge” policy.
IV. Sector Analysis Matrix
A. Consolidate and validate the findings of the above steps with the result of the consultation/s.
1. List the key issues, problems, and concerns of the health sector. 2. Determine the possible implications/impacts of the health and sanitation situation to such issues as Economic – commercial, industrial, agricultural; Social – housing, education, social welfare; and Environmental – water supply, garbage, hospital and industrial wastes, cemeteries and burial grounds.
B. Recommend interventions as follows:
1. Realistic policy options and appropriate strategies
C. Prioritize, tabulate, and present the results in matrix form as follows: (Sample) Health and Sanitation Analysis Matrix Implications Policy Options/
Technical Findings/Observations
Poor health of infants and mothers in Brgy. A Congested public Cemetery Improper disposal /inadequate treatment of hazardous/pollutive hospital/industrial wastes Presence of ecoli / contamination of sources of water supply/ bodies of water
(Effects)
Interventions
Additional cost incurred for health care and medications Risks of burials spilling on adjoining properties/ critical areas Population at risk to infection/spread of diseases Exposure to diseases Health risks to families /individuals using water from these sources/bodies of water
Promotion of preventive rather than curative approach to health Provision of additional brgy. health worker and medicines in Brgy. A Intensify health programs and services in Brgy. A Expansion of existing cemetery in suitable areas Policy that waste generators shall be responsible for the proper management and disposal of waste and to bear the costs attendant to it. Provision of space/ technology for the disposal /treatment of hospital/industrial hazardous wastes Imposition of pollution charge policy Periodic testing of water Source Study source of contamination and propose actions accordingly
Location Criteria/Guidelines for the Different Hospitals and Health Facilities
Rural Health Units
� Barangay Health Station (BHS) - the BHS is the initial unit which dispense basic health care i.e. maternal and child care, immunizations, treatment of simple medical conditions, nutrition, family planning, sanitary health care, emergency treatment and health education. The recommended service zone is from three (3) to five (5) kilometers considering transport availability for both the patient and medical staff and serving a population of 5,000. The BHS is manned by full-time rural health midwife. It should be centrally located and grouped with the other institutional facilities such as chapel, school and park/playground. Main Health Center (MHC) - The MHC engages in a broad range of activities covering mostly referrals from the BHS and the preventive, promotive and curative aspects of health care. The MHCs are under the administrative and technical supervision of the Municipal Government. A municipality should have one MHC regardless of the number of population, thus the catchment area is the whole municipality
City Health Center
In a city, the City Health Center (CHC) renders the same services as that of the Main Health Center but under the administrative and technical supervision of the City Health Office. Both the MHC and CHC should be located preferably near the commercial section of the municipality/city where public transportation is available. Main Health Center and City Health should be guided by the following considerations:
� Every municipality/city should have at least one MHC/CHC (for every 50,000 population) Planned within the context of the poblacion: o The use of MHC/CHC will be optimized if the site is close to the market center; o It should be accessible to major roads and bus routes; o It should be located in areas with no obnoxious smells, noise or hazardous traffic condition; and o It should be free from flood dangers; sub-soil condition must be acceptable.
Municipal Hospital - The hospital has a service zone with a radius of approximately thirty (30) kilometers. It should be located in settlements not provided with hospital services, thus, serving as local gravitation points and socio-economic centers. In special cases, it may be located in remote areas and provided with adequate transport facilities. Secondary Care District Hospital - The hospital provides definitive care in the four (4) basic specialties, namely: medicine, surgery, obstetrics, gynecology and pediatrics. These specialties are however not departmentalized and required to have services as radiology, pharmacy, dietary and laboratory in areas where the provincial hospital is accessible, facilities for emergency cases are provided. The secondary care district hospital has a service radius of at least thirty five (35) kilometers servicing the municipality or municipalities where it is located including its periphery. Tertiary Care Provincial Hospital - The hospital offers services that of district hospitals but on a departmentalized basis. Additional facilities/services such as operating rooms, dental services and outpatient units as well as support services/facilities like x-ray and laboratory are provided
The hospital should be located preferably at the capital town, catchment area is the whole province. Tertiary Care Regional Hospital - The regional hospital is usually located in the regional center and offers more services than a provincial hospital. Facilities/services provided are: Intensive Care Units (ICU), Coronary Care Units (CCU), Eye, Ear, Nose and Throat (EENT) services, orthopedics and delivery room facilities. Nursing services to assist the specialists are likewise provided.
A regional hospital will be located within the context of the region to serve the most number of people in the region. A regional center must have a medical center or a regional hospital. A nursing staff is provided from RHU to Tertiary care level to assist the specialists.
Medical Center - The Medical Center offers special care beyond the capabilities of Regional Hospital. This center provides opportunities for training, teaching and research in the medical field.
Government Hospital - It is a hospital operated and maintained partially or wholly by the National, Provincial, Municipal or City Government or other political subdivision, board or other agency. Private Hospital - It is a hospital owned, established and operated with funds raised or contributed through donations, or by private capital or other means by private individuals, association, corporation, religious organizations, from company or joint stock association.
General Hospital - It is a hospital that provides services for all kinds of illnesses, diseases, injuries or deformities.
Special Hospital - It is a hospital that provides services for one particular kind of illness/ disease or health medical care need.
Teaching and Training Hospital - It is a fully departmentalized hospital with accredited residency training program in a specified specialty or discipline.
HOUSING STEPS:
I. Data Gathering and Processing
A. Generate the following data/information and present in table format:
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7.
Housing Situation for the Last Three Censual Years Housing Backlog, Year____) Informal Settlements Areas, Year ____) Inventory of Residential Subdivisions, Year____ Resettlement Areas, Year_____ (Table 34) Housing Facilities and Utilities Situation, Year_____ Owner of Households in Occupied Housing Units by Tenure Status of Housing Units and Lots, Year___ 8. Occupied Housing Units by Condition (State Of Repair) of the
B. Determine the felt needs, aspirations and issues of the community relative to housing through consultations such as general assembly, focus group discussion, barangay consultation or other consultative meetings with identified stakeholders.
Gathering of information on felt needs and aspirations of the population maybe facilitated by designing /structuring questions as follows: 1. What issues and concerns related to housing including environmental would you want to be addressed? 2. In what ways can you (as a resident/community member, stakeholder) address/resolve these issues and concerns? 3. In what ways can the government address/resolve these issues and concerns? 4. What are your aspirations to improve the level of housing services?
C. Gather additional data /information if warranted by the results of the
II. Data Analysis
Assess the existing housing situation of the locality and prepare a brief narrative report in terms of the following:
1. Ratio of households to occupied housing units based on the standard ratio of one household in one housing unit (1:1). Ratio higher than 1:1 indicates the existence of doubled-up households and a shortage in housing units. (Doubled-up households (DUHH) are housing backlogs that need to be considered in determining housing need/demand).
2. Ratio of household population to occupied housing units (average number of occupants per occupied housing unit).
3. Acceptability of housing units by structural quality of construction materials of walls and roofs: concrete, semi-concrete; housing units made of mixed and light materials, barong barongs and others. Five percent (5%) of housing units made of mixed and light aterials are estimated lost due to obsolescent and decay annually. Lost and obsolete units are for replacement of new units. These are also backlogs to be considered in determining housing need/demand.
4. Need for repair of housing units whether major, minor or totally dilapidated.
6. Upgrading needs of households in occupied housing units in terms of: tenure status; infrastructure needs or access to services; and structure improvement needs or condition of housing unit and needs for repair. • Tenure status of households in occupied housing units: percentage of owner households; renting households; and those occupying houses or lots with or without consent of owner. • Renters and those occupants for free with consent of owners are households with upgrading needs. The households-occupants of houses or lots for free without the consent of owners can be considered informal settlers. These groups must be considered in planning. • Access of households in occupied housing units to services and utilities such as water, power, garbage disposal, sanitation and roads. Percentage of household served or provided with these services will determine the accessibility of households. Households not served by the services/facilities are included in the table of households with upgrading needs. • Households in occupied housing units that needs major repair or are already dilapidated are also included in those households with upgrading needs.
7. Location, area, and impacts of existing housing projects (private subdivision projects) and programs (government/civic organization housing programs) in the city/ municipality.
8. Location, area, and extent of existing blighted areas, squatter areas, and/or settlements in environmentally critical areas.
III. Current and Projected Needs
Determine the current needs and future requirements for housing and present in short narrative form:
a. Extent of housing needs/demand, current and projected, in terms of housing units needed and upgrading needs. for needs assessment and projection methods, and definition of terms). b. Land requirements based on housing needs assessment. c. Availability of housing resources: land, infrastructure, and financing. d. Matching of housing needs/demands to available resources/supply for housing.
IV. Sector Analysis Matrix
A. Consolidate and validate the findings of the above steps with the result of the consultation.
1. List the key issues, problems, and concerns of the housing sector. 2. Determine the possible implications/impacts of the key issues, problems, and concerns.
B. Recommend interventions such as:
1. Realistic policy options and appropriate strategies 2. Programs and projects for implementation with due consideration of
C. Prioritize, tabulate, and present the results in matrix form as follows:
(Sample) Housing Matrix
Technical
Implications (effects
Policy Options/ Interventions
• Uncontrolled settlements in public properties • Deterioration in water Quality • Detrimental to fishery production and ecological balance • Expose lives of residents to wrath of natural calamities
• Identify suitable relocation sites for settlers along foreshore lands and river easements • Establish a system to periodically monitor encroachment on public properties • Relocate settlements in high risk areas to safer areas
Findings/Observations • Fisher folk settlements in foreshore lands in Brgy.__.
• Settlements in flood/ landslide prone areas/ near sanitary landfill • Congested blighted areas
Table 31. Housing Backlog, Year_____
Backlog
No.
Doubled – Up Households
Unacceptable Housing Units
%
Makeshift / Salvage/ Improvised HU
Total Backlog
100%
Source: NSO/City/Municipal Social Welfare and Development Office CPDO/MPDC/ Local Housing Board/Local Urban Poor Affairs Office
1. Doubled – Up (DUHH) = No. of Households (HH) – No. of Housing Units (HU) 2. Unacceptable Housing Units = 5% of HU made of mixed materials
Mixed Materials
= HU with walls and roof made of wood, cogon/Nipa/ anahaw,
ASSESSMENT TOOLS AND METHODS For uniformity, adopt the UN Shelter Method which was developed by UNDP in the projection of apparent housing demand or housing need where: Housing Need = Backlog + New Households
Backlog
• Double occupancy
Dwelling units which are shared by 2 or more households = HHT – DUT Where: HHT is total nos. of households DUT is total no. of dwelling units
• Displaced units
Units to replace those units: 1. In danger areas 2. On lands earmarked for gov’t. infrastructure 3. In areas where there is a court order for eviction and demolition Total Displaced Units is the summation of units defined above
New Households
• Homeless
Households living in parks, along sidewalks and all those without any form of shelter (NSO Definition) Based on the information that HUDCC gathered, the acceptable norm in computing the number of homelessness is as follows: 0.1% of urban households 0.001% of rural households
• Upgrading
Units for land tenure, infrastructure and structural improvement
Number of Households formed due to population increase
Com put ing for Hom eless Households and Tot al Need of Hom eless
The estimated number of households in a given municipality is derived by dividing the total population by the estimated household size.
d. Estimate future housing needs for projected years by substituting directly this formula: Future housing demand = X ert Where: X = housing units at latest census e = 2.71828 (a constant) r = rate of increase of housing units between two censal years t = time interval between latest housing censal year and projected planning years.
SOCIAL WELFARE SERVICES
Step:
I. Data Gathering and Processing
A. Generate the following data/information and present in table format:
1. Social Welfare Facilities, Services and Clientele, Year___
2. Historical Number of Population Served by Type of Clientele System,
3. Social Welfare Related Projects, Approved/Funded for Implementation, Year___
B. Determine the felt needs, aspirations and issues of the community elative to social welfare services through consultations such as general assembly, focus group discussion, barangay consultation or other consultative meetings with identified stakeholders. Gathering of information on felt needs and aspirations of the population maybe
facilitated by designing/structuring questions such as:
1. What issues and concerns related to social welfare services would you want to be
addressed?
II. Data Analysis
Assess the existing social welfare services situation of the locality and prepare a brief
narrative report in terms of the following:
1. Presence of social welfare organizations and instrumentalities in the locality
enumerating therein the existing facilities and the services offered. (Refer to Table 40).
2. Proportion of each type of clientele served in need of any particular type of social welfare assistance to:
a. total clientele served
b. total population
3. Percentage of the population living below poverty threshold
4. Percentage of clientele system for the past three years.
5. Responsiveness of existing welfare programs, such as Social Reform Agenda vis-à-vis development needs. Relate these programs and projects with the number of clientele served. Refer to Annex 12, list of DSWD’s priority programs and projects.
III. Current and Projected Needs
1. Determine the current need and future requirement for social welfare services based on standards or recognized planning and design criteria embodied in different laws listed in Annex 13. 2. Determine the need for funding and resources to fully implement the requisite social welfare program per identified welfare requirements of qualified residents
IV. Sector Analysis Matrix
A. Consolidate and validate the findings of the above steps with the result of the consultation.
1. List the key issues, problems, and concerns of the social welfare services sector. 2. Determine the possible implications/impacts of the key issues, problems, and concerns.
B. Recommend interventions such as:
1. Realistic policy options and appropriate strategies 2. Programs and projects for implementation with due
C. Prioritize, tabulate, and present the results in matrix form as follows:
(Sample) Social Welfare Services Analysis Matrix Technical Findings/ Observations Rise of psycho-social related problems in Absence of seniorareas disaster affected citizen care center
Implications (Effects) Rise in violence and crimes Unmet senior citizens’ need for socialization and more active community involvement
Policy Options/ Interventions Intensify outreach and livelihood programs for Establishment disaster victimsof a Senior Citizen care center.
PROTECTIVE SERVICES
STEPS:
I.
Data Gathering and Processing
A. Generate the following data/ information and present in table format:
1. Protective Services by Facilities and Equipment, Year____ 2. Barangay Tanod by Type of Service, Year____ 3. Fire Incidence for the Last 5 Years 4. Crime Incidence by Barangay by Type, by Sex of Offender for the Last 5 Years 5. Current and Projected Requirement for Police and Firemen, Year___
B. Determine the felt needs, aspirations and issues of the community relative to protective services through consultations such as general assembly, focus group discussion, barangay consultation or other consultative meetings with identified stakeholders.
Gathering of information on felt needs and aspirations of the population may be facilitated by designing/structuring questions such as : 1. What issues and concerns related to protective services would you want to be addressed? 2. In what ways can you (as a resident/community member, stakeholder) address/resolve these issues and concerns? 3. In what ways can the government address/resolve these issues and concerns? 4. What are your aspirations to improve the level of protective services?
C. Gather additional data/information as warranted by the result of the consultations/ meetings conducted.
II. Data Analysis
Assess the existing peace and order situation of the locality and prepare a brief narrative report in terms of the following: 1. Capability of existing protective services considering its availability and sufficiency of personnel and equipment/facilities, e.g. police, fire station, jail/detention homes, patrol cars, fire trucks, prisoner vans, etc. 2. Response time of the protective services personnel during crime and fire incidence 3. Availability and sufficiency of barangay tanods in each barangay 4. Condition of the general peace and order situation of adjacent towns. 5. Relate the peace and order situation of the city/municipality with the presence of underlying social and economic problems such as drug addiction, unemployment, etc.
III. Current and Future Needs
Determine the current need and future requirement based on standards or recognized planning and design criteria listed in Annex 14 and other considerations unique to the municipality/city.
Example:
Current Population of the Municipality Existing Number of Policemen Police to Population ratio (Min. standard)
Projected Population of Municipality, Y1 Y2 Total Demand for policemen
= 60,000 = 20 = 1 Policeman /1,000 persons
Current Police Requirement
= 65,000 = 70,000 = 60,000 x 1/1000 = 60 policemen
= Total Demand for Policemen – Actual Number of Policemen = 60 – 20
Current Police Requirement
Future Requirement
Future Requirement for Year1
= 40 policemen = Projected Population x 1policeman/1,000 persons
Year 2
= 65,000 x 1/1,000 = 65 policemen
= 70,000 x 1/1,000 = 70 policemen
Use the same procedure to compute for the current and future demand for firemen and jail guards using the prescribed standards.
IV. Sector Analysis Matrix
A. Consolidate and validate the findings of the above steps with the result of the consultation.
1. List the key issues, problems, and concerns of the protective services sector. 2. Determine the possible implications/impacts of the key issues, problems, and concerns.
B. Recommend interventions such as:
1. Realistic policy options and appropriate strategies 2. Programs and projects for implementation with due consideration of current and pipeline projects.
C. Prioritize, tabulate, and present the results in matrix form as follows:
(Sample) Protective Services Matrix
Technical Findings/ Observations Lack of firemen/fire fighting facilities Rising incidence of crimes in Brgy. X
Implications (Effects) Policy Options/ Interventions Spread of fire is not Recruitment and easily training of Deterioration of Increase police contained fire volunteer peace and visibility in brigades order Brgy. X
The average manning levels of the PNP nationwide shall be approximately in accordance to the following:
The actual protective services strength of the cities/municipalities shall depend on the state of peace and order, population density and actual demands of the service in the particular area.
The present Bureau of Fire Protection reference to determine the ideal number of firemen in every city or municipality is as follows: a. Fireman to Population Ratio is 1:2000 b. Fire Truck to Population Ratio is 1:28,000 c. Fire Truck to Fireman Ratio is 1:14
The average manning level of the BJMP nationwide shall be approximated as follows: a. Ideal Jail Guard-to-inmate = 1 jail guard population ratio 5 jail inmates b. Minimum Standard of jail = 1 jail guard_ guard-to-inmate pop’nratio 7 jail inmates
RECREATIONAL STEPS:
I. Data Gathering and Processing
A. Generate the following data/information and present in table format:
1. Existing Sports and Recreational Facilities by Barangay, Year
B. Determine the felt needs, aspirations and issues of the community relative to sports and recreation through consultations such as general assembly, focus group discussion, barangay consultation or other consultative meetings with identified stakeholders.
Gathering of information on felt needs and aspirations of the population may be facilitated by designing/structuring questions such as: 1. What issues and concerns related to protective services would you want to be addressed? 2. In what ways can you (as a resident/community member, stakeholder) address/resolve these issues and concerns? 3. In what ways can the government address/resolve these issues and concerns? 4. What are your aspirations to improve the level of sports and recreation?
II. Data Analysis
Assess and describe the sports and recreation situation prevailing in the locality in terms of the following:
1. Availability and efficiency of sports and recreation facilities according to number, type, ownership and areas in each barangay, including facilities in schools and subdivision. 2. Conditions of facilities and presence of necessary auxiliary facilities (e.g. toilets, benches, lighting facilities, etc.) 3. Appropriateness of facility’s location and areas in relation to population concentration for population serve. 4. Physical accessibility of the existing facilities, e.g. presence and condition of roads to and from the facilities, natural scenic spots, beaches, etc. 5. Accessibility of the population to the sports and recreation facilities in adjacent towns. 6. Availability of potential areas for sports and recreation and opportunities for tourism development. 7. Any observed implications/relationship between the lack of sports and recreation and the rise in health and education problems, e.g. drug addiction, poor mental and physical development, etc.
III. Current and Projected Needs
Determine the current need and future requirement for sports and recreation based on standards, recognized planning and design criteria listed in Annex 16 and other considerations unique to the locality
IV. Sectoral Analysis Matrix
A. Consolidate and validate the findings of the above steps with the result of the consultation.
1. List the key issues, problems, and concerns of the sports and recreation sector. 2. Determine the possible implications/impacts of the key issues, problems, and concerns.
B. Recommend interventions such as:
1. Realistic policy options and appropriate strategies 2. Programs and projects for implementation with due consideration of current and pipeline projects.
C. Prioritize, tabulate, and present the results in matrix form as follows:
(Sample) Sports and Recreation Matrix
Technical Findings/ Implications (Effects) Policy Options/ Observations Interventions • Concentration of sports and Limited opportunity for • Identify areas for sports recreation facilities in only residents to indulge in and recreation two barangays sports and recreation • Inequitable distribution of • Provide additional sports sports and recreational • Right-of-way being used as and recreation facilities facilities playing area • Location of sports/ • Provide measures to recreational facilities in/ near avoid accidents/any danger areas e.g. cliffs; • Risk to the danger; relocate sports/ health hazards e.g. lives/health of recreational facilities away landfill the people from any health hazard structure/infrastructure
STANDARDS FOR RECREATIONAL FACILITIES
Sports and Recreation:
1. A minimum of 500 sq.m. per 1,000 population for city or municipal park. 2. A minimum of 0.5 hectare per 1,000 population for playfield/athletic field.
Athletic Field.
The allocation of external space for the athletic field should allow adequate provision for the laying out of the following basic components, among others:
a. A standard oval tract with a distance of 400 meters. b. A baseball diamond with sides measuring 27.4 meters (90 ft.) long. c. A softball diamond with sides measuring 18.2 meters (60 ft.) long. d. A soccer football field measuring 90-120 meters (100-130 yards) long and 4590 meters (50-100 yards) wide. e. A basketball court which should be a flat, hard, not grass surface measuring 26 x 14 meters (85 x 46 feet). f. A volleyball court measuring 18 meters long and 9 meters wide (60 x 30 feet). g. A lawn tennis courts measuring 23.77 meters long and 8.23 meters wide (73 x 27 feet), which is the standard for singles. For doubles, a wider court is used, 10.97 meters (36 feet) wide.
THE END
THANK YOU
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