Sistem Kardiovaskuler,cover Dan Daftar Isi,kata Pengantar.docx

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KATA PENGANTAR Puji syukur kami panjatkan kehadirat Tuhan Yang Maha Esa atas segala rahmatNYA sehingga makalah yang berjudul “sistem kardiovaskuler” dapat tersusun hingga selesai . Tidak lupa kami juga mengucapkan banyak terimakasih atas bantuan dari pihak yang telah berkontribusi

dengan

memberikan

sumbangan

baik

materi

maupun

pikirannya.

Dan harapan kami semoga makalah ini dapat menambah pengetahuan dan pengalaman bagi para pembaca, Untuk ke depannya dapat memperbaiki bentuk maupun menambah isi makalah agar menjadi lebih baik lagi. Karena keterbatasan pengetahuan maupun pengalaman kami, Kami yakin masih banyak kekurangan dalam makalah ini, Oleh karena itu kami sangat mengharapkan saran dan kritik yang membangun dari pembaca demi kesempurnaan makalah ini.

Singaraja, 29 April 2017

Penulis

1

DAFTAR ISI

KATA PENGANTAR................................................................................................................2 BAB I PENDAHULUAN............................................................................................................4 1.1 Latar Belakang..............................................................................................................4 1.2 Rumusan masalah..........................................................................................................5 1.3 Tujuan Penulisan...........................................................................................................5 1.4 Manfaat Penulisan.........................................................................................................5 BAB II PEMBAHASAN..............................................................................................................6 2.1 ANATOMI SISTEM KARDIOVASKULER................................................................6 2.2.1 Anatomi Jantung........................................................................................................7 2.1.2 Sel Eksitabel.............................................................................................................11 2.1.3 Pembuluh Darah.......................................................................................................15 2.1.3 Pembuluh Limfe.......................................................................................................18 2.2 FISIOLOGI SISTEM KARDIOVASKULER..................................................................21 2.2.1 Hemodinamika Jantung...........................................................................................21 2.2.2 Elektrofisiologi Jantung..........................................................................................22 2.2.3 Mekanisme Jantung Sebagai Pompa.......................................................................23 2.2.4 Sistem Konduksi.....................................................................................................27 2.2.5 Pembuluh Arteri,Vena dan Sistem kapiler..............................................................28 2.2.6 Tekana Darah Dan Sistem Regulasi........................................................................29 2.3 BIOFISIKA..........................................................................................................................32 2.3.1 Listrik Jantung........................................................................................................32 2.3.2 Viskositas Pembuluh Jantung................................................................................34 2

2.4 BIOKIMIA...........................................................................................................................35 2.4.1 Struktur dan Fungsi Enzim.....................................................................................35 2.4.2 Apoptosis,Injury Sel dan Adaptasi sel..................................................................37 2.4.3 Nekrosis Sel..........................................................................................................39 2.5 Gangguan atau penyakit pada sistem kardiovaskuler..................................................42 BAB III PENUTUP.................................................................................................................44 3.1 Kesimpulan...............................................................................................................44 3.2 Saran.........................................................................................................................44 DAFTAR PUSTAKA

3

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