Self Consistency Theory1

Self-Consistency Theory By: Nor Anisa Bt. Musa & Siti Zunariah

Pengenalan • Self-consistency (berpendirian tetap) merupakan tindakan individu atau sikap hasil penerimaan maklumat dari orang lain telah memberi kesan terhadap dirinya dan kecenderungannya itu menyebabkan konsep pemikirannya menjadi tetap berserta penilaian terhadap dirinya adalah tinggi.

Self-consistency • Kendiri yang tidak tetap pendirian disebabkan terpengaruh dengan sikap orang lain, mereka akan menukar konsep kendirinya. Contohnya: bertukar-tukar imej dan cara berpakaian. • Atau mereka juga tidak menyedari perubahan perlakuannya. • Atau mereka beralih hubungan dengan orang baru dan hanya berinteraksi dengan orang yang dirasakan sesuai dengan konsep kendirinya.

Self-consistency • Tidak tetap pendirian mungkin akan disisihkan berdasarkan penilaian orang lain. • Individu kebiasaannya akan lebih suka mereka berpendirian sama dengan orang lain. • Jika tidak sama pendirian, ia merasakan akan mengurangkan rasa suka orang lain terhadap dirinya.

Self-consistency • Dari segi penilaian positif yang tinggi bagi setiap orang, individu yang mempunyai high self-evaluation (penilaian kendiri yang tinggi) penilaian positif terhadap dirinya adalah tetap dan sentiasa berterusan. • Tetapi individu low self-evaluation, penilaian positif terhadap dirinya tidak tetap dan berubah-ubah, malahan penilaian negatif mereka pula sentiasa tetap.

Self-consistency • Oleh itu, teori self-consistency menyatakan, penilaian kendiri yang tinggi akan bertingkah laku digemari supaya diterima oleh orang lain. • Manakala, penilaian kendiri yang rendah mempunyai sifat tidak berpendirian tetap dan selalu pendiriannya tidak digemari oleh orang lain. • Keperluan estim dapat mendorong seseorang mempertingkatkan penilaian kendirinya supaya ia berterusan dan mencapai kepuasan peribadinya. • Keperluan itu tidak terbatas dari segi masa dan mempunyai perasaan yang menyeluruh tentang diri.

Contohnya • Keperluan self-estim terbahagi kepada 2 jenis iaitu keperluan dalaman dan keperluan luaran. • Keperluan dalaman: menyebabkan kita ingin berasa kita seorang yang merdeka, bebas, yakin, kuat, berjaya, bijaksana, istimewa dan lain-lain perasaan lagi. • Keperluan luaran: menyebabkan kita ingin menjadi orang yang ternama, terkenal, penting, mulia, dihormati, berpangkat, disenangi dan lainlain.

Measurement: The Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale 1. I feel that I am a person of worth, at least on an equal basis with others. 2. I feel that I have a number of good qualities. 3. All in all, I am inclined to feel that I am a failure.* 4. I am able to do things as well as most other people. 5. I feel I do not have much to be proud of.* 6. I take a positive attitude toward myself. 7. On the whole, I am satisfied with myself. 8. I wish I could have more respect for myself.* 9. I certainly feel useless at times.* 10. At times I think I am no good at all.* Each of the items with an asterisk is reverse-scored, and then an average of all ten items is computed so that higher numbers indicate greater self-esteem.

Is high self-esteem always positive? • Some social scientists have suggested that the low self-esteem is the root of many social ills, including drug abuse, poor school performance, depression and various forms of violence, including terrorism. • However, high self-esteem is more strongly associated with bullying, narcissism, exhibitionism, self-aggrandizing, and interpersonal aggression.

For example • It is men with high-esteem who are most likely to commit violent acts when someone disputes their favorable view of themselves. Why might this be? To the extent that high self esteem implies superiority to others, that view of the self may need to be defended whenever the individual’s pride is threatened. It may even be that high self-esteem coupled with instability results in the mist hostility and defensive responding. (Kernis et al., 1993)

Kajian • Paul C. Vitz (1995), A 1989 study of mathematical skills compared students in eight different countries. American students ranked lowest in mathematical competence and Korean students ranked highest. But the researchers also asked students to rate how good they were at mathematics. The Americans ranked highest in selfjudged mathematical ability, while the Koreans ranked lowest. Mathematical self-esteem had an inverse relation to mathematical accomplishment. This is certainly an example of a feel-good psychology keeping students from an accurate perception of reality. The self-esteem theory predicts that only those who feel good about themselves will do well, which is supposedly why all students need it.

Rumusan Kajian • But in fact, feeling good about yourself may simply make you over confident, narcissistic and unable to work hard. Now, it is not implying that high self-esteem is always negatively related to accomplishment. Rather, the research mentioned above shows that measures of selfesteem have no reliable relationship to behavior, either positive or negative. In part, this is simply because life is too complicated for so simple a notion to be of much use.