S D Project.docx

Chapter No. 01 INTRODUCTION India is an agriculture country. Our economical state is also depending on agriculture. In our Maharashtra different types of work is done by farmer in farm. In that percentage of cultivating crop increasing day by day. Farmers have to work a lot in the farm and they have to take lot of efforts to cultivate the crops from starting to end. We have observed that, farmer uses the different farming equipment’s and also large man power for farming. So, we have made a device that will help the farmers. So, we are going to minimize the primary cost of farming equipment’s by developing this mechanism. By using this mechanism, we can plant the crop in soil bed, with minimum efforts of worker.We have designed in such a manner that it will reduce the human effort and the man power required.

1.1 History Planting also requires specialized planting equipment. The most common planting equipment is a waterwheel type trans planter. The waterwheel trans planter utilizes a rotating drum or drums with spikes at set intervals. The drum or drums have a water supply that continuously fills the drum with water. The trans planter rolls the spiked drum over the bed of plastic. As the drum presses a spike into the plastic a hole is punched a water flows into the punched hole. A rider on the trans planter can then place a plant in the hole. These drums can have multiple rows and varied intervals to create the desired spacing for that particular crop.Conventional methods requires 10-12 peopleto plant various crop in the soil bed.

1.2 Conventional Method Agriculture is a base of Indian economy. Conventional method requires 10-12 people to plant the various crop in the soil bed. Conventional method to plant to various crop is as follows; •

Removing the circular shape paper by punching it with the pipe.

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Removing the left punched paper in the hole.

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By using small wooden stick dig the small hole in the punched area in the soil.

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Plant the required crop in the hole.

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Press the soil around the crop for proper growth of crop.

Fig1.1 conventional method & new Method

1.3 Need of product As we seen in conventional method the time required for the planting the crop is very large.Also, the cost of planting the crop is very much.The requirements of labor are also in the large quantity which requires more cost on labor.Due to the time-consuming span of the planting the crops the workers will come under fatigue, which is reduced by this machine. Need of workers in the time is not fulfilled by the farmers.The product can be operated by one person which saves lot of money & requirement of labors problem. While the cost and timereduction clearly benefit smalland marginal farmers,Murthy explain how the problem of acute labor shortage was far direr.The FICCI report mentioned earier cites decreasing farm labor as acritical issue of concern,estimating it to reduce to 26%of the labor force by2050.Veicro's Chakravarthy puts the issue in perspective, "the migration of labor farm fields is something that has happened since 1991 with the opening up of the economy.Majority of the farm hands today are mostly people in their mid-40s and do not wish for their sons or daughters to continue this work, it is considered a social taboo. They'd prefer to employ them at a catering unit or as a security guard at an ATM in the city ,but not as a farmerr as that could run their chances of finding a good life partner." The front end of the innovation is the greatest area of workness in the NPD process..... engg. design is the process whereby atechnical solution is developed iteratively to solve agiven problem the design stage is very important because at this stage most of the product life cycle costs are engaged. In marketing,aproduct is anything that can be offered to a market that might satisfy a want or need .In retailing, products are called merchendise.In manufacturing, products are brought as raw materials and sold as finished goods.Aservice is another common product type .

Chapter No. 02

ADVANCED CROP PLANTER MACHINE 2.1 Parts of advanced crop planter machine

a) Steel pipe. b) Steel plate. c) Steel rod. d) Nut. e) Compression spring. f) Lever. .6

a) Steel Pipe

Fig. of mild steel pipe. The main function of steel pipe are as follows:

It is to provide a way to crop to the soil.It acts as the main component in the mechanism. On the steel pipe the various component such as lever, support to the fulcrum of lever, steel plate mechanism for opening the one end of pipe which is tapered. By using this pipe, the weight proportional changes.Using of pipes also reduce the cost requirement . These types of the pipes are easily available in the market .this typs of elements ishaving good mechanical properties likw ductility, malleability, strength etc .Byusing the M.S. material, the durability is ensured. The specification of the pipes is given below,

Parameter

Specification

Diameter

2 inches

Length

3.5 feet

Material

Mild Steel

Weight

1.80 kg

b) Mild Steel Plate

Fig. of mild steel plate.

The plate is of mild steel material. The plate is made of elliptical in shape so it will perfectly cover the tapered steel pipe. One end of steel plate is hinged to the mechanism at which point it is to be rotated. The main function of the steel plate is to open or close the one end of tapered steel pipe.

c) Mild Steel Rod

Fig. of Steel Rod. The steel rod of 6mm diameter is used in the mechanism to connect one end of lever to the steel plate end. The main function of steel rod is to transmit the motion. It also supports the spring to close the tapered pipe by retracting to its original position.

d) Nuts

Fig. of Nut. A nut is a type of fastener with a threaded hole. Nuts are almost always used in conjunction with a mating bolt to fasten two or more parts together. It is also used to give support to the spring. It is also used at one end of rod which is in lever by which we can remove the rod and replace the spring.

e) Compression Spring

Fig. of Compression Spring. Compression Springs are open-coil helical springs wound or constructed to oppose compression along the axis of wind. Helical Compression is the most common metal spring configuration. These coil springs can work independently, though often assembled over a guide rod or fitted inside a hole. When you put a load on a compression coil spring, making it shorter, it pushes back against the load and tries to get back to its original length. Compression springs offer resistance to linear compressing forces (push), and are in fact one of the most efficient energy storage devices available.

f) lever

Fig of lever Lever is used to open the tapered mouth of the mechanism. In the lever the rod which is used to transmit the motion of the lever is hooked at the one end of lever. Due to this as we apply force on the lever to the opposite of hooked area the it will lift up the rod and the tapered mouth has been opened

2.2 CONSTRUCTION

It consist of no. of parts such as m.s. pipe ,steel rod, m.s. plate, compression spring, lock pins. All these above parts are connected to pipe by means of welding. The following fig. shows the construction of advanced crop planter.

2.3 WORKING OF MECHANISM The main purpose of this mechanism is to reduce the human effort. This mechanism must easy to operate to any one, by considering this we constructed this mechanism. The main purpose of the easy crop planter mechanism is to plant the crop on mulch paper/ in the soil bed, this mechanism plays very important role. There are following steps to operate the mechanism: •

Hold the mechanism in the hand such that the tapered cut must be face towards us.

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Hold the mechanism vertically to the ground.

•

The tapered shape of mechanism must point towards ground.

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Press the mechanism on the soil bed where do you want to make the hole for crop.

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Put the required crop from the top opening.

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Now, firstly press the lever and then lift the mechanism upward.

Hence, by concluding above points of working this mechanism is very easy to operateAnd its working is very simple. So, one can easily under stand the working of this mechanism by operating it at once.Due to its easy working one can complete its task in short period of time.

2.4 ADVANTAGES OF MECHANISM The advantages of the easy crop planter are as follows: •

The cost required for labor to plant the crop is reduced.

•

Time required for planting the crop is less than comparing the conventional method.

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Does not required any external source i.e., it can be operated by human.

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Less initial cost because no extra operation is used.

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Need less force to operate due to its own affordable weight.

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Eco-friendly in use because no any fuel operated machine is used.

2.5 Application

•

It is used to plant the different types of crops.

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It also can be used to provide fertilizers in the farm.

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It also can be used for burring the seeds of different type of crops in the farm.

2.6 Difference between conventional &advanced crop planer

Chapter No. 03 CASE STUDY We got the idea of “EASY CROP PLANTER” by analyzing the shortcomings. There are three points 3.1 Man power. 3.2 Expenditure on labor.

3.3 Time required.

3.1 Man power Man, power required to plant the crop is about 10-12 people. Labor required is more. As the development in the industries, infrastructure, civil area increased hence there is flow of people from rural to urban area for their living. This tends to shortage of labor in agricultural field, the cost of labor is also more. Agriculture in the western world has become more and more mechanized with fewer and fewer farm workers. Farming is thus becoming a capital-intensive industry characterized by larger sized farming units, mechanization, crop specialization and high productivity per worker. Capital requirements encourage corporate farming with integration of production, processing and marketing functions. The technological base exists for larger and more nearly automatic machines for which the operator would monitor only the machine functions rather than do the traditional guidance. Power applied per unit of land will continue to increase as long as the overall economic payoff exists. Improvements in tillage, planting and harvesting can be expected and machine changes will adapt to new crop strains.

3.2 Expenditure on labor As man power required is more the expenditure on them is more. Farmer has to pay lot of rupees to the workers.In the farm to plant the crop in the soil bed the cost on labor is much more than the cost of one mechanism.

Capital requirements encourage corporate farming with integration of production, processing and marketing functions. The technological base exists for larger and more nearly automatic machines for which the operator would monitor only the machine functions rather than do the traditional guidance. For one acre of farm there is a need of 10 to 12 number of farmer to plant the crop. For this the cost is near about 2500 – 3000 rupees. So, the expenditure on labor is more. Hence, by using our mechanism the cost require for labor is reduced.

3.3 Time required Time required to plant the crops by conventional method is more. As there are more number of worker then it is not possible to reduce the time as the efforts required are also too much.The waterwheel trans planter utilizes a rotating drum or drums with spikes at set intervals. The drum or drums have a water supply that continuously fills the drum with water. The trans planter rolls the spiked drum over the bed of plastic. As the drum presses a spike into the plastic a hole is punched a water flows into the punched hole.As there are number of crops to be planted by using labor which required much time. Two workers must require for punching the hole on the mulching bed for planting the crop in the punched hole. And 10-12 numbers of workers are used to put the crop in that hole and plant it properly. All above this process required much time which is reduced by this mechanism.

3.4 By doing case study for one acer we found following results:

Chapter No. 04 MANUFACTURING PROCESS SHEET Sr no. •

Machine Used

Operation

Feed

Tool

Cutter Machine

Pipe cutting, Angle cutting

Manual

Cutter Abrasive disc

Cutter Machine

•

Cutting a steel Manual plate

Cutter abrasive disc

Drilling Machine

Drill hole for Manual lever and mechanism

Drill bit

Welding

To joining the Manual steel parts on the pipe

Welding rod

Removing Manual sharp edges & finishing

Abrasive disc

Hand Grinding

Time(min)

20

30

30

100

120

Chapter No. 05 FEEDBACK FROM FARMER 4.1 From Begampur

Name: Sachin Patil Place: Begampur

Feedback: It is a very good project which will help us to reduce the important factor i.e., labor cost which is much more. Also, the time is saved which leads to more utilization of remaining time in the higher productivity. It increases the productivity. Very smooth and convenient handling of mechanism. Having high durability. Suggestions: Make the product available in market for farmers.

Chapter No.06 SELECTION OF MATERIAL

Chapter No. 07 COST ESTIMATION Cost Estimation Table: We have tried to do desired operations within lowest possible cost, so that it will be beneficial for everybody, while it is economical and easy for mass production.

Sr no.

Part Name

Quantity

Cost

•

Pipe

1

900/-

Rod

1

100/-

Spring

1

50/-

Lever

2

250/-

Connecting mechanism (hinges)

3

300/-

Steel Plate

1

100/-

Welding

-

300/-

Total

2000/-

Chapter No. 08 CONCLUSION Planting the crops by conventional method requires much man power, more time and lot of expenditure on labor. The objective of this project is to overcome all of above problems i.e. man power, time and the cost. Now a day there is problem of labors in the farming and due to high money spent on labors it is not affordable. So, it can be possible to plant the crops with our mechanism by using only two labors.

References • Design of Machine Elements, V. B. Bhandari. • Theory of Machine, by, By R. S. Khurmi. •

Strength of Material, R. K. Bansal.

•

Mechanical Engineering Material, P. R. Gajbhiye.