Review Outline Scientific Revolution

AP European History/Neiffer Review Outline The Age of Absolutism I.

Old Science A. Ancient science i. Natural philosopher ii. Aristotle a) Science work b) Theory of falling objects c) Aristotle's universe model iii. Ptolemy a) Almagest b) Ptolemaic model of the universe iv. Ancient model of the universe B. Medieval model of the world i. Impact of religion ii. Geocentric world universe C. Science as the medieval era i. Alchemy ii. Witchcraft iii. Astrology D. St. Thomas Aquinas i. Theological view ii. Summa Theologica II. Causes of the scientific revolution A. Medieval universities B. The Renaissance C. Age of Discovery D. Development of scientific methodology III. Major question: what is the nature of the universe? A. The debate i. Geocentric ii. Heliocentric B. Nicholas Copernicus i. Concerning the Revolutions of Celestial Spheres ii. Pope Paul III iii. “...the book that nobody read.” C. Tycho Brahe i. Tycho's model ii. The Dream D. Johannes Kepler i. Kepler's data and claims ii. Kepler's Three Laws of Planetary Motion a) The Law of Ellipses b) The Law of Equal Areas c) The Law of Harmonies E. Galileo Galilei i. Inventions ii. Theory of falling objects iii. Work on the telescope iv. Dialogues on Two Chief World Systems a) Simplico! b) Church response v. Trial a) Pope Urban VIII b) Results F. Issac Newton i. Theological background ii. Principia iii. Newton's Laws of Motion a) 1st Law b) 2nd Law c) 3rd Law d) 4th Law... just jokin' iv. Significance IV. Major question: how should one best study science? A. Science in the ancient and medieval world B. Empiricism

C. Francis Bacon i. Advocacy for empiricism ii. Bacon's method D. Rene Descartes i. Discourse on Method ii. “I think, therefore I am...” E. Scientific method i. Observe ii. Predict iii. Test V. Major question: how should one best study science? A. Old school doctorin' B. Galen i. Adherence to Hippocrates ii. Four bodily humours C. Medicine and the church D. Andreas Vesalius i. Study of anatomy ii. On the Fabric of the Human Body iii. Dissection controversy E. William Harvey i. An Anatomical Exercise on the Motion of the Heart and Blood in Animals ii. Acceptance among the medical community