Test Guide-scientific Revolution

Scientific Revolution - test guide VOCABULARY Scientific Revolution- the period of advances in science that was at its height in the 17th century and produced widespread change in traditional beliefs held since the Middle Ages Scientific method- the system of advancing knowledge by formulating a question, collecting data about it through observation and experiment, and testing a hypothetical answer Hypothesis- a tentative explanation for a phenomenon, used as a basis for further investigation PEOPLE PTOLEMY • 1.Geographer 2. Mathematician 3. Astronomer • believed that the earth was at the center of the universe, or geocentric theory COPERNICUS • believed in the heliocentric theory-with the sun at the center • 1. Mathematician 2. Astronomer • questioned and revaluated accepted theories JOHANNES KEPLER • proved that the planets orbits were oval • 1. Mathematician 2. Astronomer 3. Astrologer PROTESTANT AND CATHOLIC LEADERS • Protestant and Catholic leaders opposed Copernicus’s theory • Believed the earth stood still and all the planets revolved around the earth • Believed the earth was the center of the universe

• Declared that all the followers of Copernicus were hereticssomebody who holds or adheres to an opinion or belief that contradicts established religious teaching, especially one that is officially condemned by religious authorities ANDREAS VESALIUS • 1. Anatomist 2. Physician • Explored the human body • His observations challenged the works of Galen • Thorough dissection enabled him to describe human anatomy much more accurately • questioned and revaluated accepted theories GALILEO • 1. Astronomer 2. Physicist • Continued the work of Copernicus • He proved that a heavier object falls to the ground at the same time as a lighter object when released at the same height • Developed a telescope that was larger and more powerful than any before • First person to observe sunspots, Jupiter’s moons, and Saturn’s rings FRANCIS BACON • stressed the importance of observation and experimentation ROBERT HOOKE • An Englishman • developed the compound microscope ISSAC NEWTON • 1. English scientist 2. Astronomer 3. Mathematician • expanded and perfected many of Galileo’s theories • explained that gravity hold the universe together