Renaissance And Reformation

Renaissance The re-birth of man kind and civilization

What is renaissance? •

• • •

A French word that means “rebirth” Italian: Rinascimento means ‘re-again’ Nascere means “be born” During 1340 to 1600 A man’s spirit was being reborn; hence the name Renaissance Changes: men wrote, paint, sculpt and delved in architecture and other aspects of life.

When does it occur? At the end of the middle ages  Before Renaissance: People only concern about death of which one wants to save his soul in the next: God was the centre of everything.  During Renaissance: they thought less of death and more to life, thus making them eager to find out all they could. 

Where did it happen?  Florance,

Italy

 England  France  Germany  Netherland  Northern  Poland  Spain

Europe

Changes in political & religious structure.  The

Holy Roman Empire (political unity of Europe) no longer counted for very much.  The Papacy (religious unity) was disgraced.  People are less excited of the idea of belonging to Christendom but are more conscious of belonging to one part of it— their own country (England & France)

 Meanwhile,

in the Portuguese and Spaniards were discovering the New World, sailing around Africa and penetrating to India.  In the 16th century, in Switzerland, Germany, and northern Europe, there was the spirituous and religious crisis of the Reformation.

Intellectual excitement!  Started

in Italy, people interests in the works of the ancient Greek and Roman writers grow.  The poet Francesco Petrarch (1304-1374) first appear in ancient writing.  Although known as a poet, he was much more interested in going through old Latin writings than composing Italian poetry.

Fascinated by what they found out about the ancient world.  Spread to other scholars making them aware of the achievements of ancient Greek and Romans, and of how they had lived.  Greek scholars from Constantinople began to settle in Italy (Constantinople was threatened by Ottoman Turks— before being captured in 1453) 

Francesco Petrarch  Father

of Humanism (a philosophy centred around humankind )  He reconciled ideas of ancient Greece and Rome with the Christian faith, so to be accepted by the public.

Niccolo machiavelli  an

Italian philosopher, writer, and politician and is considered one of the main founders of modern political science.  most famous for a short political treatise, The Prince, a work of realist political theory

Painters & paintings. Influenced

by the atmosphere of the Greek and Roman myths. Painted majorly religious pictures, though in a different way; unlike the earlier painters. The earlier painters were not content with painting the human body. Renaissance painters tried to bring out its beauty, along with the sculptors.

Michelangelo 

 

an Italian Renaissance painter, sculptor, architect, poet, and engineer. the best-documented artist of the 16th century. As an architect, Michelangelo pioneered the Mannerist style at the Laurentian Library.

Raphael 



was an Italian painter and architect of the High Renaissance, celebrated for the perfection and grace of his paintings and drawings. A travelling artist but spent most of his time in Florence.

New inventions.  The

printer—took the scholar’s writing cheaply to those who could read.  Mariner’s compass—enabled the voyages of discovery to be made.  Gunpowder—made nations stronger and war more terrible.  Growing use of money in Europe—use the money to buy the work of artists and writers, to help them.

Leonardo Da Vinci 





an Italian polymath, scientist, mathematician, engineer, inventor, anatomist, painter, sculptor, architect, botanist, musician and writer. As a scientist, he greatly advanced the state of knowledge in the fields of anatomy, civil engineering, optics, and hydrodynamics. he collaborated in his studies with the doctor and together they prepared a theoretical work on anatomy for which Leonardo made more than 200 drawings.

Examples of his work..

Reformation An act of thought & supremacy

What is reformation? A

religious movement started by Martin Luther (1483-1546) which resulted in the form of Christianity called Protestantism. Later, Luthersim was created.

Who is Martin Luther? A

german friar who did not agree to the idea that humans could buy salvation from god.  Against the catholic church.

Why?  1517

-protesting against sale of indulgences. - Catholic church was corrupted. - important church offices held by priests, thought more of making money than of carrying out their duties -got their work done by others -some were immoral priest

 The

Pope took much money from Germany in taxes  ignorance of religion  superstition among followers

Significant Effects  In

England - The rise of Anglicanism or the “English Reformation” -King Henry the 8th converted the church of England to an Anglican church.

His wives..