Pratibha526-530

-´’çí∫-∞¡¢√®Ωç 2 -úÕÂÆç•®Ω’ 2008

Ñ-Ø√-úø’ £j«-ü¿®√-¶«-ü˛

T. Sunil, Cheriyal.

How long is it since you came?

Q. Study, read

OöÀE àßË’ Ææçü¿-®√s¥™x Ö°æ-ßÁ÷-Tç-î√™ N´-Jç-îª-í∫-©®Ω’. A. Read Åçõ‰ ´÷´‚-©’í¬ îªü¿-´úøç – Newspapers, Novels ™«çöÀN –




ØËØÌ*a ÉçûªÊÆ°æ-®·Ø√ O’®Ω’ °æöÀdç--éÓ-™‰ü¿’. It is long since I came and you have taken no notice of me

We read Newspapers, novels, etc.

.

Study

Q. I am done I have done He has gone

a) Students study their text books, notes, etc.

A. I am done

Åçõ‰ ¶«í¬ °æJ-Q-Lç*, v°æA N≠æ-ߪ÷Eo Å®Ωnç-îË-Ææ’-éÓ-´-ú≈-EéÀ v°æߪ’-AoÆæ÷h îªü¿-´úøç.

b) He is studying maths now, and wants to study physics later Physics

´¤-ûª’-Ø√oúø’, ûª®√yûª äéπ class îªü¿-´úøç èπÿú≈

É°æ¤púøûª†’ í∫ùÀûªç îªü¿’îªü¿’-´¤-û√úø’. study.

Q. The police has arrested a theif. The police have arrested a thief.

Ñ È®çúø’ ¢√é¬u™x àC éπÈ®éÓd ûÁ©’-°æ-í∫-©®Ω’. A. The police have arrested, correct. Police plural. Police singular number, A police man/ A police person

á°æ¤púø÷ èπ◊

-

Ééπ\-úø’†o †®Ωh-èπ◊™x Ç¢Á’ äéπ®Ω’.

ØËØÌ*a áçûª-ÊÆ-°æ-®·uçC? How long is it since I came?




èπ◊,

M.Laxman, Kakinada. Q.

èπ◊, He is goneèπ◊, èπ◊ Ö†o ûËú≈-©†’ N¨¡-D-éπ-Jç-îªçúÕ. = ؈’ °æE-°æ‹-Jh-îË-¨»†’/ Ø√ °æE

Ø√èπ◊ ÉçTx-≠ˇ™ éÌEo °æü∆-©†’ ᙫ Ö°æ-ßÁ÷Tç-î √™ ûÁL-ߪ’-úø癉ü¿’. ÅN: by,

tend their children =

though, suppose, regard, tend, asto, apart, by means of, apart from, somehow, as of, even as, even then, even since, for all, and out of.

°æ‹®Ωh-®·uçC. ؈’ î˨»†’. ÉC sentence é¬ü¿’. ؈’ î˨»†’, üËEE ÅØËC ûÁLߪ’-úøç-™‰ü¿’ 鬕öÀd ÉC sentence é¬ü¿’. He is gone = Åûª†’ ¢ÁRx-§Ú-ߪ÷úø’ = He has gone. Å®·ûË He is gone ņo-°æ¤púø’, 'Åûª-úø’—èπ◊ v§ƒ´·êuç. He has gone ™ '¢Á∞«x-úø’—èπ◊ v§ƒ´·êuç. Q. He was going to schoolèπ◊, He used to go to

2

I have done = I have done -

Ñ °æü∆-©èπ◊ ûÁ©’-í∫’™ Å®√n©’ èπÿú≈ îÁ°æpí∫-©®Ω’. A. By – 1) passive ™ object ´·çü¿’ by ¢√úøû√ç – äéπ-J-îËûª ÅØË Å®ΩnçûÓ. eg: She was murdered by her husband







Apart = 1) separately - keep the two apart = Apart from = Apart from being rich, he is well read (too) =

Ç È®çúÕç-öÀF/ ¢√Rx-ü¿lKo ¢Ë®Ω’í¬ Öç. ÅçûË-é¬-èπ◊çú≈,

(¶µº®Ωh îËûª îªç°æ-•-úÕçC).

Q. The news are wrong. The news is wrong.

2) È®çúÕçöÀéÀ Ö†o ûËú≈ à ¢Ë’-®Ωèπ◊ èπ◊ Ö†o ûËú≈ àN’öÀ? ÅE ûÁL-Ê°ç-ü¿’èπ◊, 'by' ´·êuçí¬ Øˆ’ Past continu-Ççí∫x-¶µ«-≠æ-ù 526 ¢√úø û√ç. ous tense èπ◊, used to èπ◊ cona) He is taller than her by 5 cms fuse Å´¤-ûª’-Ø√o†’. àçîË-ߪ÷™ Ç¢Á’ éπçõ‰ Åûªúø’, 5 ÂÆç.O’. §Òúø’í∫’. îÁ°æpçúÕ. b) The price has been raised by ten A. Past continuous èπ◊, used to èπ◊ rupees = üµ¿®Ω 10 ®Ω÷§ƒ-ߪ’-©-ü∆é¬ ÅÆæ©’ Ææç•ç-üµ¿¢Ë’ ™‰†-°æ¤púø’, O’®Ω’ con°çî√®Ω’. fuse 鬢√-Lq† Å´-Ææ-®Ωç-™‰ü¿’. 3) Time N≠æ-ߪ’ç™ äéπ time èπ◊/Åçûª-èπ◊Past continuous í∫ûªç™ äéπ EKgûª ´·çüË . Ææ´’-ߪ’ç™ ï®Ω’-í∫’ûª÷ Ö†o °æEE ûÁ©’M.SURESAN eg: a) He will be here by 6 O' clock °æ¤-ûª’çC. Used to 1st RDW á°æ¤púø÷ í∫ûªç™ ¢√úø’-éπí¬ ïJÍí °æEE í∫’Jç* îÁ•’-ûª’çC. = Åûªúø’ Ç®Ω’ í∫çô-©-éπ™«x (6 í∫çô-©èπ◊/ Åçûª-èπ◊-´·çü¿’ – Ç®Ω’ ü∆ô-èπ◊çú≈) He was going to school = Åûª-†-°æ¤púø’ school èπ◊ ¢Á∞¡Ÿ-ûª’-Ø√oúø’. (Past™ äéπ EKgûª Ææ´’-ߪ’ç™). b) By then the damage was done - Å°æp-öÀÍé †≠ædç ïJ-T-§Ú-®·çC. He used to go to school = Åûªúø’ schoolèπ◊ ¢Á∞Ïx¢√úø’, v°æA-®ÓW/ v°æA-¢√®Ωç/ v°æA ¨¡E-¢√®Ωç, etc.
Though = Å®·-†-°æp-öÀéà Though it was difficult, he was willing to do Q. Past continuous tense†’ àßË’ Ææçü¿-®√s¥™ x Ö°æit = ÅC éπ≠dç æ Å®·-†-°æp-öÀéÃ, Åûªúø’ ü∆Eo ßÁ÷-T-≤ƒh®Ó N´JÆæ÷h éÌEo Öü∆-£æ«-®Ω-ù-L-´y-í∫-©®Ω’. îË Ê Æçü ¿ ’ èπ ◊ ä°æ ¤ p è π◊-Ø√oúø’. A. was + ...ing/ were + .... ing = ÉC verb form
Suppose = if = Å®·ûË/ Ç °æéπ~ç™. in the past continuous.

Ñ È®çúÕçöÀ™ àC éπÈ®èπ◊d? á°æ¤púø÷ í¬ØË ¢√úøû√ç – DEéÀ Öçúøü¿’, DE ´·çü¿’ ®√ü¿’. Åçü¿’éπE Q. ¢Á÷Ææ-í¬-úÕE Ççí∫xç™ cheater ÅØ√™«? ™‰ü∆ cheat ÅØ√™«? A. Cheater °æü¿ç English ™ ™‰ü¿’. Cheat = 1) ¢Á÷Ææç îËߪ’úøç 2) ¢Á÷Ææ-í¬úø’. Q. English™ äéπ °æü¿ç noun †’ç*, verb †’ç*, adjective †’ç* adverb í¬ Öçö«®·. ÉN Öü∆-£æ«-®Ω-ù-©ûÓ N´-®Ωçí¬ Ö†o °æ¤Ææh-é¬Eo Ææ÷*ç-îªí∫-©®Ω’? A. Å™« ûÁ© ’-Ææ ’-èπ◊-ØËç-ü¿’èπ◊ Oxford Advanced Dictionary of Current English, Å™«çöÀ Éûª®Ω standard dictionaries ¶«í¬ Ö°æ-ßÁ÷-í∫-°æ-úø-û√®·. Q. éÀçC ¢√é¬u-©†’ ÉçTx-≠ˇ™  ᙫ ®√ߪ ÷™ ûÁ©’-°æçúÕ.
Ææ´·vü¿ç ¢Á·ûªhç ÉçTx≠ˇ ņ’-èπ◊çõ‰, Åçü¿’™ éπFÆæç FöÀ Gçü¿’´¤ Åçûª-èπÿú≈ Ø√èπ◊ ®√ü¿’. If English were an ocean, my knowledge wouldn't be even be a drop in it.

´®Ω{ç ´Ææ’h-†o-°æ¤púø’ ؈’ °j °j ¢Á∞¡Ÿ-ûª’†o Ææ´’-ߪ’ç™ ´®Ω{ç ¢Á∞¡Ÿh-Ø√o†’. °æúø’ûª÷ ÖçC).

´’†èπ◊ °æJ-Æœn-ûª’©’ ņ’-í∫’-ùçí¬ Öçúø´¤. ´’†¢Ë’ °æJ-Æœn-ûª’-©èπ◊ ņ’-í∫’-ùçí¬ Öçú≈L/ ´÷®√L. Not always do circumstances favour us. We should change according to circumstance.




Ø√èπ◊ ´*a† éπ©™ O’®Ω’ àüÓ Ææ´’-ÆæuûÓ ¶«üµ¿-°æ-úø’-ûª’-Ø√o-®Ωô. I dreamt that some problem was troubling you/ My dream showed you having some problem.

Q. Please give me good advise to learn English in easy ways. A. The best way to learn English is to start speaking it immediately, and read as much English as you can. Read the English newspaper regularly.

G. Srinivas Rao, Email. Q. I will not let him see the movie. As well as I will not take him to the movie.

Ñ ¢√é¬u™x him ûª®Ω’-¢√ûª èπÿ-úøüÓ îÁ°æp-í∫-©®Ω’.

to

áçü¿’èπ◊ ¢√-úø

A. 'I will not let him see the movie' is correct. 'Let' in sentences like the above is never followed by the infinitive.

T. Satyanarayana, Vempadu. Q.


I used to go to movies often those days =




Ç ®ÓV™x ؈’ ûª®Ωîª÷ Æœ-E´÷©èπ◊ ¢Á∞Ïx¢√úÕE. (Repeated action in the past). Q.

؈’ ¢Á∞«xL. Ééπ ؈’ Öçö«†’. ÅE ÂÆ©´¤ BÆæ’èπ◊-ØË-ô-°æ¤púø’ I must be going. Bye Bye Åçô’Ø√o®Ω’. I must go ņ-´î√a? ™‰ü∆ I must go èπ◊, I must be going èπ◊ Ö†o ûËú≈†’ ûÁL-ߪ’-ñ‰-ߪ’çúÕ. A. I must go ÅØÌa. é¬F I must be going ÅØËC áèπ◊\´ ¢√úø’-éπ™ ÖçC. Q. Improbable condition èπ◊,Impossible condition èπ◊ Ö†o ûËú≈ àN’öÀ? A. Improbable condition Åçõ‰ ÉC ïJÍí Å´-鬨¡ç ™‰ü¿’. ï®Ω-í∫úøç Åçô÷ Å®·ûË ü∆E °∂æLûªç É™« Öçô’çC ÅE. Impossible condition Åçõ‰ Å≤ƒ-üµ¿u-´’E. ´·êuçí¬ í∫ûªç™ ïJ-T-†-ü∆Eo, ï®Ω-í∫-éπ-§Ú-ߪ·çõ‰, ï®Ω-í∫-EC, ïJ-í∫’çõ‰ ᙫ ÖçúËC ÅE Ü£œ«ç--èπ◊ØË °æJ-ÆœnA. Q. Adjectives, Adverbs èπ◊ îÁçC† comparative forms †’ than v°æßÁ÷í∫ç ™‰èπ◊çú≈ àßË’ Ææçü¿®√s¥™x Ö°æ-ßÁ÷-T-≤ƒh®Ω’? A. ´·êuçí¬ È®çúÕç-öÀE/ Éü¿l-JE ´÷vûª¢Ë’ §ÚLa-†°æ¤púø’, éÀçü¿ ûÁL-°œ† °æJ-Æœn-ûª’™x than ®√ü¿’. eg: 1) He is the taller of the two.

(¢√Rx-ü¿l®Óx Åûª-ØÁ-èπ◊\´ §Òúø’í∫’.) éÀçC-¢√-öÀE ÉçTx-≠ˇ™ ûÁL-ߪ’-ñ‰-ߪ’-í∫-©®Ω’. O’®Ω’ ´*a áçûª-ÊÆ-°æ-®·uçC?

Suppose you win a crore rupees in a lottery what will you do?

I was walking down the street when it started raining = road (Road

2) She is among the better dancers here

†’´¤y ™«ô-K™ éÓöÀ ®Ω÷§ƒßª’©’ ÈíL-î√-´-†’éÓ/ ÈíLÊÆh, †’¢Ëyç îË≤ƒh´¤? É™«çöÀ îÓôx suppose •ü¿’©’ if ¢√úø-´îª’a. Regard = 1) íı®Ω´ç - Have/ Show. great/ some/ little regard for somebody = á´-J°j †®·Ø√ íÌ°æp/ éÌClí¬/ ü∆ü∆°æ¤ ™‰èπ◊çú≈ (little) íı®Ω´ç îª÷°æúøç. 2) My regards to so and so = °∂晫-Ø√-¢√-JéÀ Ø√ ÅGµ-¢√-ü∆©’. (´’†ç Öûªh-®√™x 'ÅúÕ-í¬-†E— îÁ°æpçúÕ á™«íÓ -Ç -N-üµ¿çí¬). 3) äéπ Nüµ¿çí¬ °æJ-í∫-ùÀç-îªúøç – I regard (consider) Sachin is the greatest batsman in the world = batsman




Regard as

ûª®√yûª

as

´Ææ’hçC,

consider

ûª®√yûª

®√ü¿’.

In this/ that regard = As regards/ In regard to/ with regard to something/ somebody =

Ñ N≠æ-ߪ’ç™/ Ç N≠æ-
















-

°ü¿l °ü¿l ¢√∞¡xûÓ ûª†-èπ◊†o Ææç•ç-üµ∆-©-´©x Åûªúø’ à°æØÁjØ√ îË®·ç--éÓ-í∫-©úø’. Somehow = áçü¿’-éπØÓ Some how I am not able to believe him = áçü¿’-éπØÓ ÅûªúÕ-E ؈’ †´’t-™‰-éπ-§Ú-ûª’Ø√o. Somehow or the other = ᙫ-íÓ-ä-éπ™« á™«íÓ äéπ-™«í∫’/ ᙫÈíjØ√ ÅûªúÕE -Ñ®Ó-V °æô’d-èπ◊E, ÅûªúÕéÀ Ñ N≠æߪ’ç îÁ§ƒpL. As of = äéπ Æ洒ߪ’ç †’ç* v§ƒ®Ωç-¶µº¢Á’i, é̆≤ƒÍí – As of today, tea will no more be served free to employees = Ñ ®ÓV †’ç* Æœ•sç-CéÀ tea Ö*-ûªçí¬ É´y-•-úøü¿’. Even as = äéπöÀ ï®Ω’-í∫’-ûª’ç-úø-í¬ØË îËßÁ·-ü¿lE îÁ•’-ûª’ç-úø-í¬ØË / îÁ•’ûª÷ØË ÖØ√o†’, Åûªúø’ ´·öÀdç-î√úø’. Even then = Å°æp-öÀéÃ/ Å®·Ø√ / Å®·-†-°æp-öÀéà Åûª-úø’ 鬢√-©-†o-ü¿™«x Éî√a†’, Å®·-†°æpöà Åûªúø’ ûª%°œh-°æ-úø-™‰ü¿’. Even Since - Ñ ´÷ô-™‰ü¿’, ÅCEver since = Å°æp-öÀ-†’ç* Ever since he came here, he has been troubling every one =







Åûª-úÕ-éπ\-úÕéÀ ´*a-†-°æpöÀ †’ç* v°æA-¢√-∞¡x†’ É•sçC °úø’-ûª’-Ø√oúø’. For all = Åçü¿-JéÃ, ÅEoç-öÀéà – DEÍéç v°æûËuéπ Å®Ωnç-™‰ü¿’. once for all/ once and for all = *´-J-≤ƒ-Jí¬ Let's settle it once for all = DE N≠æߪ’ç àN’ö *´-Jí¬ ûË™‰aü∆lç. Out of = äéπ-ü∆-ØÓxç* /™ Out of the 30 students in the class, 20 passed = class 30 pass

™E Nü∆u-®Ω’n™x 20 ´’çC Åߪ÷u®Ω’. Q. éÀçC-¢√-öÀéÀ ûÁ©’-í∫’™ Å®√n©’ ûÁL-ߪ’-ñ‰-ߪ’-í∫-©®Ω’.


That man seems tired.

Åûªúø’ Å©-Æ œ-§Ú-®·-†ô’x Å©-Æœ-§Ú-®·-†-ô’x-Ø√oúø’


†éπq-Lïç

N≠æ-ߪ÷-E-éÌÊÆh... Tend = 1) üµÓ®ΩùÀ îª÷°æúøç/ äéπ Nüµ¿çí¬ îËÊÆ ûªûªyç éπLT Öçúøôç. We tend to postpone things = ´’†ç á°æ¤púø÷ ¢√®·-ü∆-¢ËÊÆ ûªûªyç éπLT Öçö«ç/ üµÓ®ΩùÀ éπ†°æ-®Ω’≤ƒhç. He tends to show off sometimes = éÌEo-≤ƒ®Ω’x Åûªúø’ áa-©èπ◊ §ÚßË’ üµÓ®ΩùÀ îª÷°œ-≤ƒhúø’. vÊ°´÷-Gµ-´÷-Ø√©’, ÅÊ°éπ~ éπLT Öçúøôç Mothers

Ç °æü¿l¥A ´©x, Åç-ü¿’-´‚-©çí¬

I gave him all that he wanted. Even then he was not satisfied =

ü∆E/ ¢√∞¡x

In/ with regard to naxalism ... =

By means of =

Even as I was telling him not to smoke, he lit a cigarette = smoke cigarette

ߪ’ç™

N≠æ-ߪ÷-E-éÌÊÆh.




Somehow or the other I should find him today, tell him of it =

Ææ*-Ø˛†’ v°æ°æç-îªç-™ØË ÅA-íÌ°æp í¬ °æJ-í∫-ùÀ-≤ƒh†’. Å®·ûË í∫’®Ω’hç--

éÓçúÕ.

üµ¿E-èπ◊úË é¬èπ◊çú≈ Åûªúø’ ¶«í¬ îªC-N-†-¢√úø’ èπÿú≈.

By means of his connections with those in high positions he can get anything done =

school

A. News singular plural a/ an The news is wrong - correct.




As to = 1) With regard to = Ç N≠æ-ߪ’ç™ 2) I do not know as to why he did it = Å™« áçü¿’èπ◊ î˨»úÓ Ø√èπ◊ ûÁL-ߪ’ü¿’. Å®·ûË Ééπ\úø as to ¢√úøéπç ņ-´-Ææ®Ω §ƒçúÕûªuç, ´C-™‰-ߪ’úøç ´’ç*C.

He seems to be happy

(´’£œ«∞« §ÚMÆˇ Å®·ûË)

ûª©’x©’ °œ©x-©†’ vÊ°´’ûÓ

îª÷Ææ’-èπ◊ç-ö«®Ω’.

éπE-°œ-Ææ’h-Ø√oúø’/

He seems to be happy.

Åûª†’ ÆæçûÓ-≠æçí¬ Ö†o-ô’x-Ø√oúø’/ Ö†oô’x éπE-°œ-≤ƒhúø’.


My fear is that he will fail.

Åûªúø’ fail Å´¤-û√-úË-¢Á÷-†E Ø√ ÆæçüË£æ«ç/ ¶µºßª’ç.


He got the house repaired. .

É©’x ´’®Ω-´’tûª’h îË®·ç-î√úø’




He found him sleeping.

Åûªúø’ Evü¿-§Ú-ûª’-†o-°æ¤púø’/ §Úûª’ç-úøôç îª÷¨»úø’.

Spoken English -§ƒ-ûª -¢√u≤ƒ-©éÓÆæç -éÀxé˙ -îË-ߪ’ç-úÕ.. URL: http://www.eenadu.net/spoken/spoken.htm

í∫’®Ω’-¢√®Ωç 4 -úÕÂÆç-•®Ω’ 2008

Ñ-Ø√-úø’ £j«-ü¿®√-¶«-ü˛

KSR, Martur. Q.

éÀçC ¢√é¬u-©†’ ÉçTx-≠ˇ™ N´-Jç-îªí∫-©®Ω’. °œ©x©÷ ØËE-°æ¤púø’ ®√≠æZ í∫´-®Ωo®˝í¬ Nüµ¿’©’, ¶«üµ¿u-ûª©’ -îË°æ-ôd-¶-ûª’-Ø√o†’. Nüµ¿’©’ àN’-ôçõ‰ – A. Dear Children, I am about to assume office as Governor of the state. My duties and responsibilities are...


Accept representations/ Express regrets.


†’ ÅE -Åç-ö«È®çü¿’èπ◊?Å™«Íí 103 †’ †’ 100 and 4, 105 †’ 100 ÅE °æ©’-èπ◊-û√-È®ç-ü¿’èπ◊? A. English ™ äéπ ñ«Gû√ (list) ™E *´J Åç¨¡ç ´·çü¿’ 'and' ûª°æpéπ ®√¢√L. Åçü¿’-´©x 2008 ™, 8 *´J ´÷ô/ Ææçêu 鬕öÀd, ü∆E-´·çü¿’, and ®√¢√L. Å™«Íí 103 = a/ one hundred and

Memoranda,

- Two thousand eight - American Rs. 15,680/- Rs. Fifteen thousand six hundred eighty only - Bank/ American (Rs. Fifteen thousand six hundred and eighty only - British)

ÅA-ü∑¿’-©èπ◊ ≤ƒyí∫ç °æ©-éπúøç – Ææûª\-Jç-îªúøç.

v¨¡ü∆l¥ç-ïL °∂æ’öÀç-îªúøç – Ææçû√°æç ûÁL-ߪ’-ñ‰-ߪ’úøç.

Bv´ Nv¶µ«ç-AE, NÆætߪ÷Eo ´uéπh-°æ-®Ω-îªúøç.




Q.

Ææçv¶µº-´÷-¨¡a-®√u©’ – Ææçûª%-°œhE ´uéπh-°æ-®Ω-îªúøç. Expressing surprize expressing satisfaction.

and

¨»x°∂œ’ç-îªúøç – ≤ƒ†’-¶µº÷A ûÁ©-°æúøç. Nçü¿’©’ NØÓ-ü∆-©èπ◊ £æ…ï-®Ω-´úøç – èπ◊¨¡© v°æ¨¡o©’ Åúø-í∫úøç. Participating in dinners and banquets, and indulge in small talk.

êçúÕç-îªúøç – éπ©-´-®Ω-§ƒ-ô’èπ◊ í∫’®Ω-´úøç.




í∫J|ç-îªúøç – í¬È®f-Ø˛™ Ææçîª-Jç-îªúøç.

Condemning and being upset Denouncing and moving about in the garden.

™ h áçü¿’èπ◊? Delli áçü¿’èπ◊ é¬èπÿ-úøü¿’? ¢Á·ü¿-öÀ-†’ç* English ™ Å™«Íí spell îËÆæ’hçúøôç ´©x ÅC Å™«Íí Æœn®Ω-°æ-úÕ-§Ú-®·çC. Q. Enjoy ûª®√yûª yourself ´Ææ’hçü¿-E áéπ\úÓ îªC¢√†’. é¬F Å™« ®√E Ææçü¿-®√s¥-©†’ î√-™« í∫´’-Eçî√†’. àßË’ Ææçü¿-®√s¥™x ´Ææ’hçüÓ, á°æ¤púø’ ®√üÓ N´-Jç-îª-í∫-©®Ω’. A. Enjoy ûª®√yûª – self ÅEo îÓö«x-®√ü¿’. enjoy éÀ object Öçõ‰ – self/ selves Åéπ\-®Ω-™‰ü¿’. object Öçü∆ ™‰ü∆ ÅE ûÁ©’-Ææ’-èπ◊-ØËç-ü¿’èπ◊, enjoy what? ÅE question ¢ËÊÆh answer ´ÊÆh ü∆EéÀ object Ö†oô’x. Å™«ç-ô-°æ¤púø’ – Self/ selves Åéπ\-®Ω-™‰ü¿’. We enjoyed the dinner- Ééπ\úø enjoyed what Åçõ‰, enjoyed the dinner ÅE answer ´Ææ’hçC. 鬕öÀd Ééπ\úø we enjoyed ourselves ņç. We enjoyed during the vacation (ÂÆ©-´¤™ x ¢Ë’ç ÆæçûÓ-≠æç ņ’-¶µº-Nçî√ç) Ééπ\úø we enjoyed what during the vacation. ÂÆ©´¤™ x üËEo enjoy î˨»ç? Åçõ‰ ï¢√•’ ®√ü¿’. Ééπ\úø ourselves éπ*a-ûªçí¬ ¢√úøû√ç.

Éçûª íÌúø-´í¬ Ö†o-°æ¤púø’/ Ñ £æ«ú≈-N-úÕ™/ Ñ °æ†’-©Fo ï®Ω’-í∫’-ûª’ç-úøí¬ ØËØË E®Ωgߪ’ç BÆæ’-éÓ-™‰†’. M.P. Nageswara Rao, Hyderabad. Q.


a) He enjoys music b) He enjoys himself when his father is away c) We are leaving for Kashmir tomorrow. we are going to enjoy ourselves in Kashmir. d) We are going to enjoy our stay in

éÀçC ûÁ©’í∫’ ¢√é¬u-©†’ ÉçTx-≠ˇ™ N´-Jç-îª-í∫-©®Ω’. †÷ûª† í∫%£æ«v°æ¢Ë-¨»-EéÀ ¨¡Ÿ¶µ«-é¬ç-éπ~©’. Congratulations on your entering your new home. Wish you all happiness and prosperity in your new home.




éÌûªh Ææ÷\ô®˝ éÌE †úÕ-°œ-Ææ’h-†oçü¿’èπ◊ Fèπ◊ ¨¡Ÿ¶µ«-é¬ç-éπ~©’. Wish you a happy ride on your new vehicle.




NüË-Q-ߪ÷-†ç îËÆœ ´*a-†ç-ü¿’èπ◊ Fèπ◊ ¨¡Ÿ¶µ«-é¬ç-éπ~©’. Congratulations on your successful completion of foreign travel/ welcome home from abroad/ after your foreign travel.




F´¤ ûªLx-N é¬-¶-ûª’-†oç-ü¿’èπ◊ ¨¡Ÿ¶µ«-é¬ç-éπ~©’. Congratulations on you are going to be a mother.




°æü¿-O- N-®Ω-´’ù îËÆœ-†ç--ü¿’èπ◊ ´÷ ¨¡Ÿ¶µ«-é¬ç-éπ~©’. Wish you a happy and peaceful retired life.




F´¤ Å≠æd-â-¨¡y-®√u-©ûÓ ´Jn-™«x-©E Ç ¶µºí∫-´ç-ûª’-úÕE v§ƒJn-Ææ’h-Ø√o†’. May god bless you with all prosperity.




D®√`-ߪ·-≥ƒt-Ø˛-¶µº´.


















Q.




áEo-éπ™x ÈíL-*-†ç-ü¿’èπ◊ ¨¡Ÿ¶µ«-é¬ç-éπ~©’.




°æK-éπ~™x §ƒÆˇ Å®·-†ç-ü¿’èπ◊ ¨¡Ÿ¶µ«-é¬ç-éπ~©’.

Congrats on your victory in the elections. Congrats on your success in the exam.

A.V. Subba Rao, Oripenta. Q.




(¢√uÆæ’úø’ ®√Æœ† ví∫çü∑∆™x ¶µ«®Ωûªç ÅA íÌ°æpC). Å™«Íí Éûª®Ω ®Ωçí¬™x èπÿú≈. Pilot = N´÷-Ø√©’ †úÕ-Ê°-¢√∞¡Ÿx. Quilting = Quilt (äéπ- ®Ω-éπ-¢Á’i† G∞¡x©’ G∞¡x-©’í¬ éπE°œçîË °æ®Ω’°æ¤) ûªßª÷®Ω’îËߪ’úøç. Pretermit - Ñ ´÷ô English é¬ü¿’. Block - ÅúøfçéÀ/ Å´-®Óüµ¿ç. Misorile - äéπ file ™ Öçî√-Lq† paper †’ ÉçéÓ file ™ °ôdúøç. Neck to neck - °æçüÁç™ ÆæJ-Ææ-´÷-†çí¬ ®√´úøç (Éü¿l®Ω÷, Åçûªéπçõ‰ áèπ◊\-´-´’çC) Poaching- îªôd-N-®Ω’-ü¿l¥çí¬/ üÌçí∫-ûª-†çí¬ ïçûª’-´¤©†’ ¢Ëö«-úøôç. Puppet show - éé’/ -ûÓ©’ ¶Ô´’t-™«ô. Bar testing book - -Jail ™ ûªE& E®Ωy-£æ«ù N´®√© °æ¤Ææhéπç. Haul = ™«í∫úøç/ Ñ-úøyúøç. A five wicket haul = 5 wickets ™«Íí-ߪ’úøç = °æúø-íÌ-ôdúøç. Fellowship - American Universities ™ course àüÁjØ√ îªC-¢Ëç-ü¿’èπ◊ research îËÊÆç-ü¿’èπ◊ ÉîËa scholarship ™«çöÀC. Pull out - îËÆæ’h†o °æE ´÷ØË-ߪ’úøç/ N®Ω-N’ç--éÓ´úøç.

Thahereem, Yellandu.

May you live long.

We enjoyed ourselves during the vacation.

Éçé¬ îª÷úøçúÕ.

many books, but the Bharatam is his master piece.

I can't take any decision in this hurly- burly=

K. Satyanarayana, Narsipatnam. Q. Delhi A.


Mind block =

Åçö«ç. Hurry burry ÅØË-´÷ô english™ ™‰ü¿’. Å™«Íí hurrily/ burrily ÅØËC èπÿú≈ English é¬ü¿’. Caste provides the mind block Hurly - burly ÅØË ´÷ô ÖçC Engamong many for mingling with lish ™. Å®·ûË ü∆Eéà hurry éà M.SURESAN others = Éûª-®Ω’-©ûÓ éπL-ÊÆç-ü¿’èπ◊ Ææç•çüµ¿ç ™‰ü¿’. Hurly - burly Åçõ‰ èπ ◊ ©ç Ç™î ª † ÅúÌf Æ æ ’ h ç C. í∫çü¿-®Ω-íÓ-∞¡çí¬/ £æ«ú≈-N-úÕí¬/ íÌúø-´-íÌ-úø-´í¬ Ö†o
Master piece - äéπJ íÌ°æp °æE– Vyasa wrote °æJ-ÆœnA.

ÅGµ-†ç-Cç-îªúøç – ÇLç-í∫†ç îËÆæ’-éÓ-´úøç.




The Lashkar-e-toiba is the 527 master mind behind the Mumbai blasts/ Masterminded the Mumbai blasts.

äÍé Ç™-îª-†ûÓ •’v®ΩEç-°æ¤-èπ◊E, ÉçÍé Ç™-îª-††’ îÌ®Ω-E-´y-éπ§Ú-´úøç.

Praising and sympathising


-Ççí∫x-¶µ«-≠æ-ù

A. I am in a hurry/ a great hurry

éÃJhç-îªúøç – éπ%ûª-ïc-ûª©’ ûÁL-ߪ’-ñ‰-ߪ’úøç. Congratulating and embracing.




ô©’ îª÷°œç-îªúøç. ؈’ î√™« ûÌçü¿-®Ωí¬ ÖØ√o†’ ņ-ú≈-EéÀ à´’-Ø√L? I am hurry burry or I am hurrily burrily. Which is the correct one .

pleasure

Appreciating and expressing gratitude.






¢Ë’ç éÌûªhí¬ ®Ω÷§Òç-Cç-*† ´Ææ’h-´¤™ ´÷ ë«û√-ü∆®Ω’© ÅGµ-v§ƒ-ߪ÷-©Fo §Òçü¿’-°æ-Jî√ç. Incorporation = NM†ç îËߪ’úøç/ Åçûª-®√s¥-í∫-´’´úøç. The -incorporation of the social service group into the party = ≤ƒç°∂œ’éπ ÊÆ¢√-Ææ-N’-A §ƒKd™ NM-†-´’-´úøç – §ƒKd™ Åçûª-®√s¥-í∫-´’-´úøç. Touch up - ¢Á’®Ω’-í∫’©’ Cü¿lúøç. Mastermind ¢Ë’üµ∆N (´·êuçí¬ Ø訽 °æü∑¿-é¬-©†’ ®Ω÷§Òç-Cç* Å´’©’°æ®Ω-îª-úøç™)/ Å™«çöÀ ûÁL-N-ûË-

gone out of order/ something is wrong with the machine. Q. So that

Åçõ‰ àN’öÀ? Åçü¿’èπ◊ O©’í¬

A. So that = - Start early so that we can be there on time

= ´’†ç Ææ´’-ߪ÷EéÀ Åéπ\úø ÖçúËç-ü¿’èπ◊ O©’í¬ ûªy®Ωí¬ •ßª’-©’-üË®Ω’. Q. Even then N´-Jç-îª-í∫-©®Ω’. A. Even then = Å°æ¤púø’ èπÿú≈. I told him not to come. Even then he came = Åûª-úÕE ®√´ü¿lØ√o†’, Å°æ¤púø’ èπÿú≈ (îÁ°œp-†-°æp-öÀ-èπÿ\ú≈) /Å®·Ø√ ´î√aúø’. Q. As well as Åçõ‰ àN’öÀ? A. As well as = ÅD, ÉD èπÿú≈/ Éü¿l®Óx, Åûª†÷, Éûª†÷ èπÿú≈.

Caste pr ovides the mind block

Expressing deep shock and surprize.


We have incorporated the ideas of our customers in our new product -

2008 - Two thousand and eight- British

´çü¿†ç Æ‘yéπ-Jç-îªúøç – Ö°æ-†u-Æœç-îªúøç.

Paying homage express condolences.


äéπ °ü¿l-ü∆-E™ éÌEo *†o¢√-öÀE ¶µ«í¬-©’í¬ îË®Ωaúøç.

Å®·ûË, American usage, bank °æJ-¶µ«-≠æ™ ´çü¿© N≠æ-ߪ’ç™ ûª°æp, ¢Ë© †’ç*, *´J Ææçêu ´·çü¿’ 'and' ¢√úø®Ω’.

Welcoming and extending hospitality to visitors - honour people.


A.
Incorporate

three, etc.

Accept salutes - Make speeches.


lowship, pull out.

Kashmir. 2000 and 8 Q. 2008 100 and 3, 104 and 5

Nïc-°æ¤h©’ Æ‘yéπ-Jç-îªúøç – Nî√®Ωç ¢ÁL-•’-îªaúøç.

2

éÀçC °æü∆-©èπ◊ ûÁ©’-í∫’™ Å®√n-©†’ ûÁ©’-°æ-í∫-©®Ω’. Incorporation, Touch up, Mastermind, Mind block, Master piece, Pilot, Quilting, Pretermit, Block, Misorile, Neck to neck, Poaching, Puppet show, Bar testing book Haul, Fel-

,

îËߪ’-™‰-éπ-§Ú-ûª’-Ø√o†’- – DEE îÁ§ƒpL?

English

™ ᙫ

A. I am not able to do it. Q. I sold my car I have sold my car A. I have sold my car. time I sold my car last week. Q. Machine

í∫ûªç™ ؈’ Ø√ 鬮Ω’†’ Å´÷t†’. Ñ ¢√é¬uEo ÅØ√™« ™‰ü∆ ÉçTx-≠ˇ™ ÅØ√™«? (á°æ¤púø’ ÅN’tçD îÁ°æp†-°æ¤púø’). îÁúÕ-§Ú-®·çC ™‰ü∆ é¬L-§Ú-®·çC -– Ñ ¢√é¬uEo ÉçTx-≠ˇ™ ᙫ îÁ§ƒpL?

A. The machine is out of order / in repair/ has

Sri Rama as well as Sri Krishna is worshiped in India =

¶µ«®Ω-û˝™ X®√´·úÕØË é¬ü¿’ Xéπ%≠æflgúÕE èπÿú≈ éÌ©’-≤ƒh®Ω’.

Q. As far as possible A. As far as possible =

≤ƒüµ¿u-¢Á’i-†ç-ûª-´-®Ωèπ◊

I'll try to help you as far as possible =

Ø√èπ◊ ≤ƒüµ¿u-¢Á’i-†ç-ûª-´-®Ωèπ◊ Fèπ◊ ≤ƒßª’ç îËߪ’-ú≈-EÍé v°æߪ’-Ao-≤ƒh†’. Q. Other than Åçõ‰ àN’öÀ? A. Other than = ÅC é¬èπ◊çú≈/ ûª°æp. Other than Ram, everyone passed = ®√¢˛’ ûª°æp N’í∫û√ ¢√®Ωç-ü¿®Ω÷ pass Åߪ÷u®Ω’. Q. I will have to be. Ñ ¢√é¬uEo á°æ¤púø’ Ö°æ-ßÁ÷-Tçî√L? A. I will have to be = ؈’ç-ú≈Lq ´Ææ’hçC. (ûª°æp-E-ÆæJí¬). I will have to be there at 10 (future). Q. Åûª-úÕéÀ äéπ 鬮Ω’ ÖçC. DEo ÉçTx-≠ˇ™  he has a car ÅØ√™« ™‰ü∆ he have a car ÅØ√™«? ÉüË ¢√é¬uEo question form ™ Does he has ÅØ√™« ™‰ü∆ Does he have a car ÅØ√™«? A. He has a car. Does he have/ has he a car? Q. Could not have expected

Ñ ¢√é¬uEo á°æ¤púø’

Ö°æ-ßÁ÷-Tç-î√L. A. Could not have expected =

ÇPçîªí∫LT ÖçúË¢√úø’ é¬ü¿’. Q. úø•’s©’ •ßª’-ôèπ◊ Bߪ’çúÕ. DEo ÉçTx-≠ˇ™  ᙫ îÁ§ƒpL. A. Take out the money/ Get the money out. question Q. I used to go to movies. form What do you used to do

Ñ ¢√é¬u-EéÀ

Öçô’çü∆? ņ-´î√a?

A. Did you use to go to movies? What did you use to do? Q. Shall be had

Åçõ‰ àN’öÀ?

A. A car shall be had by you a car =

= You shall have Fèπ◊ 鬮Ω’çC. Q. E†o äéπ-ûª†’ £æ…ï®Ω’ 鬙‰ü¿’. DEo He was absent ÅØÌî√a? A. ÅØÌa. Saikiran, Srikakulam. Q. I am used to doing the shopping. I am used to walking long distances.

OöÀ Å®√n-©†’ ûÁ©’-í∫’™ ûÁ©’-°æ-í∫-©®Ω’. A. be used to = îËÊÆ-¢√-úø’éπ/ Å©-¢√-ô’ Öçúøôç. 1) Ø√èπ◊ shopping Å©-¢√õ‰/ îËÊÆ¢√úÕE/ ü∆ØËo. 2) î√™« ü¿÷®√©’ †úÕîË Å©-¢√-ô’çC Ø√èπ◊.

Spoken English -§ƒ-ûª -¢√u≤ƒ-©éÓÆæç -éÀxé˙ -îË-ߪ’ç-úÕ.. URL: http://www.eenadu.net/spoken/spoken.htm

-Ç-C-¢√®Ωç 7 -úÕÂÆç-•®Ω’ 2008

Ñ-Ø√-úø’ £j«-ü¿®√-¶«-ü˛

M. Ratna Kishore, Hyderabad.

N.V. Krishna Rao, Hyderabad.

Q.

Q.

í∫’®Ω’h-éÌ-î√a´¤ ÅE îÁ°æp-ú≈-EéÀ remember, recollect, recall OöÀ™  àC éπÈ®èπ◊d? A. Remember = í∫’®Ω’hèπ◊®√´úøç. I remember seeing him somewhere = Åûª-ØÁoéπ\úÓ îª÷Æœ-†ô’d í∫’®Ω’h-éÌ-≤ÚhçC. Remember is something coming to our mind, without our attempt. - remember)

(´’† v°æߪ’ûªoç

™‰èπ◊çú≈ØË ´’† •’v®Ω-™éÀ ´îËaC Recall/ Recollect - í∫ ’®Ω’hèπ◊ ûÁîª ’a-éÓ-´úøç (v°æߪ’ûªoç îËÆœ) He does not recollect the contents of the letter

= Ç Öûªh-®Ωç™E N≠æ-ߪ÷©’ Åûª-úÕéÀ í∫’®Ω’hèπ◊ ®√-´-úøç ™‰ü¿’ (v°æߪ’ûªoç îËÆœØ√) Try to recollect what he told you = Fèπ◊ ÅûªúËç îÁ§ƒpúÓ í∫’®Ω’hèπ◊ ûÁa-èπ◊-ØËç-ü¿’èπ◊ v°æߪ’-Aoç. Q. Please explain the usage of the word 'concern'. I couldn't understand this sentences. 1. It is a matter of concern. 2. Cause for concern. A. Concern = 1) Worry.

éπL-T-Ææ’h-Ø√o®·. It is a matter of concern = It (The matter) causes/ is causing us (serious) worry / we are seriously worried about it (The matter) cause for worry = reason for worry. concern = 2) a Company or business. Tata - Mcgraw Hill is a publishing concern (Book publishing company).


Important matter - our concern now is to protect the country from terrorists =

´’†éÀ°æ¤púø’ ´·êu-¢Á’i† N≠æߪ’ç ü˨»Eo Bv´¢√-ü¿’© †’ç* ®ΩéÀ~ç-îªôç.






Interest: Teachers' concern for the progress of their students = Teachers' interest in their students' progress'. To be worried = I am concerned about his health = I am worried about his health. To be connected with = I am not concerned with my brother's affairs = I have no connection with my brother's affairs - it concerns all of us = It affects all of us.

Shalini, Penugonda. Q.




I guess I would go for some one like 'Kiran Bedi'.

=

Ñ §ƒöÀéÀ E®Ωg-®·ç--ú≈-LqçD é¬F 鬙‰ü¿’.

؈’ éÀ®Ω-ù˝-¶‰-úŒØË áç-èπ◊ç-ö«-†-†’-èπ◊ç-ö«†’. (I guess = ؈-†’-èπ◊ç-ô’-Ø√o†’.)

Would have been decided

I guess if I had to make a choice it would be - someone like 'Kiran Bedi'.

A.

=

áç°œéπ îËÆæ’éÓ-¢√Lq ´ÊÆh, éÀ®Ω-ù˝-¶‰úŒ ™«çöÀ-¢√-∞¡xÍé ¢Á·í∫’_-îª÷-°æ¤-û√†’. Q. éÀçC ¢√éπuç™ 'come to' à Å®√n-EoÆæ’hçC?

Shaik Fayaz Pasha, Dharoor.

E®Ωg-®·ç-°æ-•-üËD, é¬F 鬙‰ü¿’.

Q.

Can have been decided =

E®Ωg-®·ç-îª-•úÕ Öçúøí∫-©’_-ûª’çC – ÉC -Åç-ûªí¬ ¢√úø’-éπ™ ™‰ü¿’ It could have been decided = í∫ûªç™ ÅC E®Ωg-®·ç-îª-•úÕ Öçúø-í∫-©ü¿’, é¬F 鬙‰ü¿’.

He managed to loosen the wire and come to us

.

A. come to us =

´÷ ü¿í∫_-JéÀ ®√´-úøç. äéπJ ü¿í∫_-®Ωèπ◊/ äéπ îÓ-öÀéÀ. Q. éÀçC ¢√é¬u© Å®√n-©†’, ûËú≈†’ N´-Jç-îª-í∫-©®Ω’.

If he had been here, it could have been decided by now =

come to =

Åûª-E-éπ\úø ÖçúÕ Öçõ‰, E®Ωgߪ’ç BÆæ’éÓ-•úÕ Öçúø-í∫-L-ÍíüË (E®Ωgߪ’ç BÆæ’éÓ -í∫-LÍí¢√Í®) é¬F ï®Ω-í∫-™‰ü¿’.


I saw a man who is going on a donkey. A. I saw a man who is going on a donkey -

ûª°æ¤p.

The team appears to have been decided =


I saw a man going on donkey. A. I saw a man going on donkey. correct = I saw a man who was going on a donkey.

Does Suneetha have any friends in railway booking Suneetha 3rd person has have

O’®Ìéπ îÓô

ÅØ√o®Ω’? Å®·ûË Å®·-†ç-ü¿’-´©x ®√¢√L éπü∆. Ñ ¢√éπuç™ áçü¿’èπ◊ -´-*aç-üÓ N´-Jç-îª-í∫-©®Ω’. A. Does have ÅØ√o has ÅØ√o äéπõ‰. Has, goes, sings ™«çöÀ verbs questions ™í¬E, not ûÓí¬E ´*a-†-°æ¤púø’ Does have/ does go/ does sing. etc Å´¤-û√®· éπ-ü∆. Å®·ûË ÉC èπÿú≈ í∫´’-Eç-îªçúÕ. Does Sunitha have any friends... = Has Sunitha any friends... Have

ïô’d (™E Çô-í¬∞¡Ÿ}) E®Ωg-®·ç-°æ-•-úøfõ‰d ÖçC.

ÉC

ÉC äéπ\ N≠æ-ߪ’ç-™ØË.

A.V. Achari, Vizag.

°®Ω’-í∫’-ûª’†o ØË®√©’ ´’†èπ◊ Çü¿’®√l




A.

It should have been decided by now

éÀçC ¢√é¬u-©èπ◊ ûÁ©’-í∫’™ Å®√nEo N´-Jç-îªçúÕ.

It should have been decided by now

We are all concerned about the rise in the crime rate =





2

Q.

-Ççí∫x-¶µ«-≠æ-ù 528

éÀçC °æü∆-©èπ◊ ûÁ©’-í∫’™ Å®√nEo N´-Jç-îªçúÕ. àßË’-é¬-™«™x à N-üµ¿çí¬ OöÀE v°æßÁ÷Tçî√™ ûÁ©’-°æçúÕ. Tobe decided, will be decided, can be decided, shall be decided, may be decided, might be decided, have been decided, has been decided, had been decided etc.,

president Chandrababu Naidu who was to participate yesterday in Janmabhoomi did not come to the meeting The TDP President Chandrababu Naidu yesterday who was to participate in Janmbabgoomi had not come to the meeting

ņúøç éπÈ®-ÍédØ√?

™‰ü∆

ņúøç éπÈ®é¬d? Ñ È®çúÕç-öÀ™ ÆæÈ®j-†C

àC? A. Chandrababu who was to have participated in Janmabhumi programme yesterday did correct. Who was to not turn up. have

ÉC ûª®√yûª ®√´úøç ´·êuç. Had not come ÆæJ-é¬ü¿’. Q. Åûªúø’ ÉçöÀéÀ AJT ¢Á∞¡Ÿ-ûª’-†oç-ü¿’èπ◊ ÆæçûÓ-≠æ-°æ-úø’ûª’-Ø√oúø’. He feels happy to be going back to home Åçö«ç. Å®·ûË ÉüË ¢√é¬uEo past ™ future ™ ûÁ©-§ƒ-©çõ‰ ÉçTx-≠ˇ™  ᙫ îÁ§ƒpL? A. He feels happy to be going back home to home

Q.

K.

Vasavi,

éÀçC ÉçTx≠ˇ ¢√é¬u-©èπ◊ ûÁ©’í∫’™ Å®√nEo ÆæN-´-®Ωçí¬ ûÁ©’-°æí∫-©®Ω’.

°æéπ\† á°æ¤púø÷, í¬F ´Ææ’hçC.

Hear, Sing etc (IRDW)

؈-éπ\-úÕéÀ îË®Ω’-éÓ-éπ-´·çüË E®Ωg-®·ç-îª-

•-úÕçC. Shall be decided = in future.

éπ*a-ûªçí¬ E®Ωg-®·ç-îª-•-úø’-

ûª’çC,

It shall be decided only after receiving all the applications = applications

Å-Eo ´*a† ûª®√y-ûªØË ÅC E®Ωg-®·ç-î√L/ E®Ωg-®·ç-îª-•-ú≈L. May be decided = E®Ωg-®·ç-îª-•-úø-´îª’a. It may be decided in a day or two = äéπöÀ È®çúø’ ®ÓV™x ÅC E®Ωg-®·ç-îª-•-úø-´îª’a. (E®Ωg-ߪ’ç BÆæ’-éÓ-´îª’a.) Might be decided - ü∆ü¿°æ¤ may be decided èπ◊ Ææ´÷†ç (May éπçõ‰ áèπ◊\´ ÆæçüË£æ«ç) Has/ Have been decided - Time ûÁLߪ’E í∫ûªç™ E®Ωg-®·ç-îª-•-úøôç. The name has been/ the names have been decided =

E®Ωg-ߪ’-¢Á’i-§Ú-®·çC/ E®Ωgߪ’ç Å®·-§Ú-

ߪ÷®·. Will have been decided = future

™ Å°æp-öÀéÀ




He noticed her while she is weeping in her bedroom -

Ç¢Á’ ûª† ¶„ú˛-®Ω÷-¢˛’™ àúø’-Ææ’hç-úøí¬, àúø’-Ææ’h-†o-°æ¤púø’ îª÷¨»úø’.
He noticed her while she was crying = Ç¢Á’ àúø’-Ææ÷hç-úøí¬ Åûª†’ îª÷¨»úø’/ í∫´’-Eç-î√úø’. A. He noticed her while she was (is é¬ü¿’) crying in her bedroom, He noticed her weepcorrect. ing in her bedroom

– È®çúø÷

He noticed her weeping in her bedroom =

Ç¢Á’ àúø’-Ææ’hç-úøôç Åûª†’ í∫´’-Eç-î√úø’. Q. éÀçC ¢√é¬u© Å®√n©’ ÆæÈ®j-†¢Ó é¬üÓ ûÁ©’-°æ-í∫-©®Ω’.


We will help you prepare for the exam. We will help you in preparing for the exam.

áí¬b-¢˛’èπ◊ v°œÊ°®˝ 鬴-úøç™ ¢Ë’ç ≤ƒßª’-°æ-úøû√ç.


We will help you to prepare for the exam.

áí¬b-¢˛’èπ◊ v°œÊ°®˝ 鬴-ú≈-EéÀ ¢Ë’ç ≤ƒßª’-°æ-úøû√ç. To prepare for, In preparing for OöÀ™  àC éπÈ®èπ◊d? A. We will help you prepare for the exam = O’®Ω’ exam èπ◊ ÆæçÆœü¿l¥ç Å´-úøç™ ¢Ë’ç ≤ƒßª’-°æ-úøû√ç = We will help you in preparing for the exam.

Past: He felt happy to be going back home Future: He will feel happy to be going back home.

Should have been decided =

ÉüË Å®ΩnçûÓ We will help you to DEo omit îËßÁ·îª’a) prepare for the exam. É´Fo correct, ÅEoç-öÀéà äÍé meaning 鬕öÀd.

Í®°‘-§ƒ-öÀéÀ E®Ωg-®·ç-îª-•úÕ Öçô’çC. E®Ωg-®·ç--îª-•ú≈LqçC, é¬F é¬-™‰ü¿’.

™«çöÀ

I Regular Doing Word

Are you hear me? Do you hear me? Are you understand? Do you understand?

ņç, ÅØË Åçö«ç. Å™«Íí ÅE ņç éπü∆, ÅØË Åçö«ç. Å™«Íí Is he know? ņç, Does he know? Åçö«ç.

鬕öÀd

V. Pandu Ranga, Polamuru(E.G.Dist). Q. What is he like? like

Åçõ‰ Å®Ωnç àN’öÀ? Ééπ\úø

ÆœnA àN’öÀ?

A. What is he like? = like look?

Åûªúø’ ᙫ Öçö«úø’? Ééπ\úø èπ◊ Å®Ωnç, '™«— (ᙫ™). ÉC How does he (Åûª-úÁ™« éπE-°œ-≤ƒhúø’?) èπ◊ Ææ´÷†ç.

M. Nagarjun Babu, Pedavadlapudi. Q. Kumar what are you doing now? What do you now?

Ñ È®çúÕç-öÀ™ àC éπÈ®éÓd

N´-Jç-îª-í∫-©®Ω’. A. Kumar, What are you doing now? - correct Kumar, What do you now – ÉC sentence é¬ü¿’. What do you do now? ņúøç correct = É°æ¤púËç îËߪ’-¶-ûª’-Ø√o´¤?

B. Sateesh, Nellore. Q.

v•£æ«Ùt-ûªq-¢√©’, Öûªq-¢√©’, <öÃ-Ê°-éπ©’ OöÀE ÉçTx-≠ˇ™ à´’çö«®Ω’? A. Major festival - v•£æ«Ùt-ûªq-¢√©’ ÅØË ´÷ôèπ◊ ü¿í∫_J °æü¿ç. Öûªq-¢√©’ = festivals. Ê°é¬ô = playing cards. Q. †’´¤y ÉçéÓ Â°Rx îËÆæ’-èπ◊çõ‰ problem ™ °æúø-û√´¤ ņ-ú≈-EéÀ éÀçC È®çúø’ ¢√é¬u™x àC éπÈ®èπ◊d?




It will have been decided by this time tomorrow =

í¬F,

®√ü¿’.

Q. She said, showing her chopped

E®Ωg-®·ç-îª-•úÕ Öçô’çC.

é¬ü¿’.

'Be' forms (am, is, are, was, were, etc) 'ing' form past participle

úÓèπ◊\-§Ú-®·† ûª† é¬∞¡x†’ îª÷°œÆæ÷h/ îª÷°œ-Ææ’h-†o-°æ¤púø’, îÁ°œpçC

E®Ωg-®·ç-î√Lq ÖçC– legs. M.SURESAN The date is to be decided = Ç A. úÓèπ◊\-§Ú-®·† ûª† é¬∞¡x†’ îª÷°œÆæ÷h û√Kèπ◊ Éçé¬ E®Ωg-®·ç-î√Lq ÖçC. (ê®√®Ω’ 鬙‰ü¿’) Ç¢Á’ ÅçC. will be decided = future ™ E®Ωg-®·ç-îª-•-úø’Q. éÀçC È®çúø’ ¢√é¬u™x àC éπÈ®éÓd ûÁ©’-°æ-í∫-©®Ω’. ûª’çC. The date of the marriage will be Without notice of him I have done it. decided soon =°Rx ûËD ûªy®Ω™  E®Ωg-®·ç-îª-•-úø’Without notice of him have I done it. ûª’çC. A. È®çúÕç-öÀéà ŮΩnç äéπõ‰. Å®·ûË without notice of Can be decided = E®Ωg-®·ç-îª-•-úø-í∫-©ü¿’. him have I done it ņ-úøç ¢Á’®Ω’í∫’. It can be decided only by him = Ç E®Ωgߪ’ç ÅûªúÕ îËûªØË BÆæ’-éÓ-•-ú≈L. (ÅûªúË Ç E®Ωgߪ’ç BÆæ’- A. Radha, Kovvur. éÓ-í∫-©úø’) Q. éÀçC ÉçTx≠ˇ ¢√é¬u-©èπ◊ ûÁ©’-í∫’™ É*a† Å®√n©’ Had been decided = Åçûª-èπ◊-´·çüË/ í∫ûªç™ éπÈ®-ÍédØ√? ÉçéÓ Ææç°∂æ’-ô-†èπ◊ ´·çüË E®Ωg-®·ç-îª-•-úÕçC –

àC

Do you OK? Are you OK? OöÀ™  àC éπÈ®éÓd ûÁ©’-°æ-í∫-©®Ω’. A. äéπ\-≤ƒJ Six forms of verbs í∫’®Ω’h ûÁa-éÓçúÕ,

She said while showing her chopped legs. A.

È®çúÕç-öÀ™  éπÈ®èπ◊d?

Do you understand? Are you understand?

A. To be decided =

It had been decided before I reached the place =

E†o ï†t-¶µº÷-N’™ §ƒ™Ô_-†-´-©-Æœ† îªçvü¿-¶«•’ O’öÀç-í∫’èπ◊ ®√™‰ü¿’ ņ-ú≈-EéÀ ÉçTx-≠ˇ™ The TDP

A. Radha, Guntur.

Q. Do you hear me? Are you hear me?

If you marry again, you will fall in troubles. If you married again, you will fall in troubles. A. If you marry again you will fall into troubles correct. Q.

How many episodes? How many episodes do we have?

Éçéπ áEo á°œ-≤Úúø’x ÖØ√o®· ņ-ú≈-EéÀ È®çúÕç-öÀ™ àC éπÈ®èπ◊d?

A. How many more episodes do we have? / How many more episodes are there?

Spoken English -§ƒ-ûª -¢√u≤ƒ-©éÓÆæç -éÀxé˙ -îË-ߪ’ç-úÕ.. URL: http://www.eenadu.net/spoken/spoken.htm

-Ç-C-¢√®Ωç 14 -úÕÂÆç-•®Ω’ 2008 Vineeth: (Have you) heard the news? Sunil was quite lucky. The police caught a man red handed as he was lifting his hand to strike at Sunil.

Ñ-Ø√-úø’ £j«-ü¿®√-¶«-ü˛ àüË-¢Á’iØ√ Sunil ´’ç* ®Ωéπç, v°æ¨»ç-ûª-¢Á’i† @Nûªç í∫úø-§ƒ-©-†’-èπ◊ç-ô’-Ø√oúø’. Åçü¿’-éπE Ééπ\úø ÇÆæhçû√ Ţ˒tÆœ, ¶„çí∫’-∞¡⁄®Óx Æœn®Ω°æ-ú≈-©-†’-èπ◊ç-ô’-Ø√oúø’.

Ñ ¢√®Ωh NØ√o¢√? Ææ’E™¸ Åü¿%-≠d-´æ ç-ûª’úË. á´®Ó Åûª-úÕ-E éÌôd-ú≈-EéÀ îÁßÁ’u-ûªh-¶-ûª’çõ‰, police ©’ °æô’d-èπ◊-Ø√o®Ω’.

Vineeth: Is it going to be soon? We'll be missing him a lot if he goes away.

Sumanth: But why should any body try to hit him? He is quite nice and minds his business. He is the harmless type.

ÅC ûªy®Ωí¬ ï®Ω-í∫-¶-ûÓçü∆? Åûªúø’ ™‰éπ§ÚûË ´’†èπ◊ ¢ÁL-Aí¬ Öçô’çC.

ÅÆæ©’ á´-È®jØ√ Ææ’E-™¸†’ éÌõ‰d v°æߪ’ûªoç áçü¿’èπ◊ îËߪ÷L? ´’ç*-¢√úË éπü∆, Éûª®Ω’© ñLéÀ ¢Á∞¡xúø’. Mind his business= ûª† °æE -û√†’ îª÷Ææ’-èπ◊ç-ö«úø’. harmless = ŧƒ-ߪ’-éπ-®Ωç-é¬E/ éÃúø’ îËߪ’E. Vineeth: Things are not what they seem, buddy. Sunil is not that innocent. He is quite good to us, but that is only one side of the coin. He can be tough when toughness is needed.

´’†èπ◊ éπE-°œçîË N≠æ-ߪ÷-©èπÿ, ÅÆæ©’ N≠æߪ÷-©èπÿ î√™« ûËú≈ N’vûª´÷. Ææ’E™¸ Åçûª Å´÷-ߪ’-èπ◊-úËçé¬ü¿’. ´’†-°æôx ´’ç*-í¬ØË Öçö«úø’, é¬F ´’†èπ◊ ûÁL-ߪ’E ÉçéÓ N≠æߪ’ç ÖçC. í∫öÀd-ü¿†ç Å´-Ææ-®Ω-¢Á’iûË í∫öÀdí¬ Öçúø-í∫-©úø’. tough= í∫öÀdí¬ Öçúøôç, Innocent= Å´÷-ߪ’-èπ◊-úÁj†

a) I caught him red handed while he was trying to steel my books =

Ø√ °æ¤Ææh-鬩’ üÌçT-L-Ææ’hç-úøí¬/ üÌçT-L-Ææ’h-†o-°æ¤úø’ ¢√úÕo ؈’ °æô’d-èπ◊Ø√o†’.

Sumanth: Disposing of property is not something that can be overnight. He expects to move out by this yearend, or the beginning of the next.

b) The vigilance people caught him red handed while accepting a bribe from some one =

ÇÆœhE Ţ˒t-ߪ’úøç äéπ\ ®ÓW™ ï®Ω-í∫ü¿’ éπü∆. Ñ àú≈C *´-®Ω-™-í¬F, ´îËa àú≈C Ç®Ωç-¶µºç-™-í¬F ¢Á∞«}-©-†’-èπ◊ç-ô’-Ø√oúø’. Dispose of = ÇÆœh ™«çöÀN Ţ˒t-ߪ’-úøç; settle îËÆæ’-éÓ-´úøç Overnight = äéπ\-®Ó-V-™ -ØË

Catch some one red handed = catch someone in the act of.

Vineeth: It's good for him, though we miss him. Let's pray for his peaceful life.

2

á´-J-†’çîÓ ©çîªç BÆæ’-èπ◊ç-ô’çúøí¬ E°∂æ÷-¢√∞¡Ÿx Åûª-úÕE °æô’d-èπ◊-Ø√o®Ω’. He was caught in the act of snatching a chain around a woman's neck =

äéπ Æ‘Y íÌ©’Ææ’ ™«Íí-Ææ’-èπ◊ç-ô’-†o-°æ¤púø’ Åûªúø’ üÌJ-éÀ-§Úߪ÷úø’ 2) Born with silver spoon in one's mouth =

°æ¤ôd-úø¢Ë’ üµ¿E-èπ◊-úÕí¬/ üµ¿Eéπ èπ◊ô’ç-•ç™ °æ¤ôdúøç.

b) He's cheated her, so she has a score to settle with him =

Åûª-ú≈-¢Á’†’ ¢Á÷Ææç î˨»úø’. Åçü¿’-éπE Ç¢Á’ ÅûªúÕ O’ü¿ éπéπ~ B®Ω’a-éÓ-¢√Lq ÖçC.

c) We have a score to settle; when shall We meet? =

´’†ç ûË©’a-éÓ-¢√-Lq† N≠æߪ’ç ÖçC; á°æ¤púø’ éπ©’-Ææ’-èπ◊çü∆ç? 6) To bide the time = ÆæÈ®j† Æ洒ߪ’ç éÓÆæç ¢Ë* Öçúøôç (àüÁjØ√ Ωu BÆæ’-èπ◊-ØËç-ü¿’èπ◊)

a) Don't think he won't act. He is just biding the time =

-Å-ûªúËç îËߪ’-úø-†’-éÓèπ◊. ÆæÈ®j† Æ洒ߪ’ç-éÓÆæç áü¿’-®Ω’-îª÷-Ææ’h-Ø√oúø’.

b) Bide your time. Your turn will come too =

That's only one side of the coin

Sumanth: What do you mean?

(àçöÀ †’´y-ØËC?) Vineeth: He is quite rich; born with a silver spoon in his mouth. His cousins envy him. He and they are at logger heads with each other. As they try often to harm him, he's become tough too. They had had him beaten some time ago, and he hit back by engaging some goons.

Åûªúø’ î√™« üµ¿†-´ç-ûª’úø’ °æ¤ô’d-éπ-ûÓØË. ÅûªúÕ cousins èπ◊ Åûª-úøçõ‰ Ñ®Ω{u. ÅûªúÕéà ¢√∞¡}èπÿ ÅÆæ©’ °æúøü¿’. ûª®Ω-îª’í¬ ¢√∞¡xûª-úÕéÀ éÃúø’ ûª©-°-ôd-úøç-´©x, Åûªúø÷ éπ®Ω’í¬_ ûªßª÷-®Ω-ߪ÷uúø’. Åûª-úÕE ¢√∞¡Ÿ} éÌöÀdçîË v°æߪ’ûªoç îËߪ’-úøç-´©x, ûª†÷ á´®Ó rowdy ©ûÓ éÌöÀdç-î √úø’. goons = í∫÷çú≈©’. Sumanth: So you mean that the attack on him today was their cousins' desire to settle their old scores with him?

Åçõ‰ †’´y-†úøç, É¢√y∞¡ ÅûªúÕ O’ü¿ ï-J-T-† ü∆úÕ -Å-ûª-úÕ cousins §ƒ-ûªéπéπ~ B®Ω’aèπ◊-ØËç-ü¿’èπ◊ -îËÆœç-üË-Ø√?-Vineeth: Exactly. But they are no match for Sunil. He is quite clever. He knows when to bide his time and when to attack. Perhaps this time he was off his guard.

éπ*a-ûªçí¬ ÅçûË. é¬F ¢√∞¡Ÿx Ææ’-E-™¸èπ◊ ≤ƒöÀ®√®Ω’. Åûªúø’ ûÁL-N-í∫-©-¢√úø’. á°æ¤púø’ ÅùÀT Öçú≈™, á°æ¤púø’ ü∆úÕ-îË-ߪ÷™ ÅûªúÕéÀ ûÁ©’Ææ’. Ñ≤ƒJ •£æ›¨¡ à´÷J ÖçúÌa. Sumanth: Any way, we are happy he is safe.

àüÁjØ√ ÆæÍ®, Åûªúø’ Íé~´’ç ÅC ÆæçûÓ≠æç.

´’†ç Åûªúø’ ™‰éπ-§ÚûË a) Jawaharlal Nehru was born ¶«üµ¿-°æ-úÌa. é¬F with a silver spoon in his -Ççí∫x-¶µ«-≠æ-ù 529 ÅûªúÕéπC ´’ç*C. Åûªmouth = ØÁv£æfi °æ¤ô’d-éπ-ûÓØË úÕéÀ v°æ¨»çûª @Nûªç X´’ç-ûª’úø’/ Çí∫®Ωs¥ X´’ç-ûª’úø’ Öçú≈-©E ´’†ç éÓ®Ω’-èπ◊çü∆ç. b) He was not born with a silver ´’†-éÌé𠶵«≠æ °æ‹Jhí¬ ´îËa-üÁ-°æ¤púø’? spoon in his mouth. His wealth is Åçü¿’™E idioms ¶«í¬ ûÁL-Æœ-†-°æ¤púø’, hard earned = ÅûªúËç X´’ç-ûª’-úÕí¬ ¢√öÀE ´’† conversation ™ Ææçü¿-®√s¥-†’°æ¤ôd-™‰ü¿’. ÅûªúÕ Ææç°æü¿ Åçû√ éπ≠d-°æ æúÕ ≤ƒ-®Ωçí¬ ¢√úø-í∫-L-T-†-°æ¤púø’. Idioms Åçõ‰ Ææ秃-Cç-*çüË. ûÁ©’Ææ’ éπü∆? ñ«B-ߪ÷©’. ÉN v°æA ¶µ«≠æ3) One side of the coin = äéπJ ™†÷ Öçö«®·. ÉN éÌEo ´÷ô© Ææy¶µ«´ç/ äéπ N≠æ-ߪ’ç™ äéπ Å稡ç M.SURESAN Ææ´‚£æ«ç. Å®·ûË Ç ´÷ô© Ææ´‚£æ«ç ´÷vûª¢Ë’. (ÉçéÓ Å稡ç èπÿú≈ ÖçC) (group of words) ¢Á·û√hEéÀ ´îËa Å®√n-EéÃ, Ç Ææ´‚a) He makes donations to charities - That's £æ«ç-™E äéÌ\éπ\ ´÷ô Å®√n-Eéà Ææç•çüµ¿ç Öçúøü¿’. only one side of the coin. The other side Phrasal verb èπÿú≈ ÅçûË-éπü∆? Å®·ûË phrasal of the coin is he is a land grabber too = verb †’ á°æ¤púø÷ verb í¬ ¢√úøû√ç. Idiom verb 鬆Åûªúø’ N®√-∞«©’ (üµ¿®Ωt-é¬-®√u-©èπ◊) É≤ƒh-úø-ØËC äéπ éπ\-Í®xü¿’. eg: to put up with = ¶µºJç-îªúøç/ Æ棜«çÅ稡ç. Å®·ûË ÉçéÓ Å稡ç èπÿú≈ ÖçC– îªúøç. ÉC phrasal verb, áçü¿’-éπçõ‰ DEE verb í¬ ÅûªØÓ ¶µº÷éπ-¶«b-ü∆®Ω’. ¢√úøû√ç. Éçü¿’™ put ÅØË verb ÖçC. Idiom ™ b) What you know is just one side of the verb Öçúø-éπ\-®Ω-™‰ü¿’. Åçü¿’-éπE phrasal verbs coin. There's the other side - that he is ûÓ§ƒô’ idioms èπÿú≈ ¶«í¬ ØË®Ω’a-èπ◊çõ‰ ´’† spoken not the innocent you think he is = Fèπ◊ ûÁLEnglish Ææ£æ«-ïçí¬ Ææ®Ω-∞¡çí¬ Öçô’çC. ûÁ©’-í∫’™ ÆœçC Åûª-úÕéÀ Ææç•ç-Cµç-*† äéπ Å稡ç idiom èπ◊ example, †úø’ç-¢√-©aúøç– Å®Ωnç ûÁ©’-Ææ’-éπü∆, ´÷vûª¢Ë’. ÉçéÓ Å稡ç ÖçC, ÅûªúÕ v°æ´-®Ωh-†™, Nv¨»çA BÆæ’-éÓ-´úøç/ °æúø’-éÓ-´úøç. DEéÀ †úø’-´·èπÿ, †’´y-†’-éÌ-ØËçûª Å´÷-ߪ’-èπ◊-úËç-é¬-ü¿-ûªúø’. ¢√©a-ú≈-EéÀ Ææç•çüµ¿ç ™‰ü¿’-éπü∆? Åçü¿’-éπE ÉC idiom. 4) Be at logger heads = ÉC î√™« ûª®Ω-îª’í¬ NEÅ™«Íí English ™ In one's look/ In somebody's °œçîË idiom - Éü¿lJ ´’üµ¿u Bv´ ¶µ‰ü∆Gµv§ƒ-ߪ÷©’/ look= In somebody's opinion = äéπJ ÅGµ-v§ƒßª’ç ´’†-Ææp-®Ωn-©ûÓ äéπ-JûÓ äéπ-JéÀ °æúø-éπ-§Ú-´úøç/ ¢√Jv°æ鬮Ωç ÅE. He is good in my look = Ø√ ÅGµ-v§ƒ´’üµ¿u §Úö«xô Öçúøôç/ ¨¡ûª%ûªyç Öçúøôç. ߪ’ç™ ¢√úø’ ´’ç*-¢√úË. Dçöx look èπÿ ÅGµ-v§ƒ-ߪ÷EéÀ Ææç•çüµ¿ç ™‰ü¿’ éπü∆. idiom/ phrasal verb Å®√na) YSR and Chandrababu are always at ©†’ ¢√öÀ-™E ´÷ô© Å®Ωnç-´©x ûÁ©’-Ææ’-éÓ™‰ç ÅE logger heads with each other = ¢√Rx-ü¿l-Jéà ûÁ©’-≤ÚhçC éπü∆? äéπ\ éπ~ùç °æúøü¿’. Ñ lesson ™ English ™ î√™« ûª®Ωîª÷ ¢√úË b) India and Pakistan are at logger heads idioms éÌEoç-öÀE îª÷ü∆lç. over the handing over of terrorists to Look at the following expressions from India = ¶µ«®Ω-û˝èπ◊ Öví∫-¢√-ü¿’©†’ Å°æp-TçîË N≠æthe conversation above. ߪ’ç™ ¶µ«®Ω-û˝èπ◊ §ƒé˙èπÿ §Òûª’h èπ◊ü¿-®Ω-úøç-™‰ü¿’. 1) The police caught red handed a person/ caught a person red handed. 2) That's only one side of the coin. 3) He is borm with a silver spoon in his mouth.

c) The childless wife and the husband are at logger heads over adopting a child and are likely to separate =

Ææçû√†ç ™‰E Ç ü¿ç°æ-ûª’-©èπ◊ ü¿ûªhûª N≠æ-ߪ’ç™ §Òûª’h èπ◊ü¿-®Ωúøç ™‰ü¿’, Nú≈-èπ◊©’ BÆæ’-éÓ-´îª’a.

Vineeth: I am sure he will come up with an ace up his sleeve very soon. He is quite clever at such matters.

4) He and they are at logger heads.

àüÓ äéπ Ç™-îª-†ûÓ ´’Sx ´≤ƒh-úø-ûªúø’. ûÁL-N-í∫-©-¢√úø’ Å™«çöÀ N≠æ-ߪ÷™x.

6) He knows when to bide the time.

§ƒûª éπéπ~©’ B®Ω’a-éÓ-´úøç/ àüÁjØ√ Å°æ-J-≠æ \%-ûªçí¬ Ö†o N≠æ-ߪ÷©’ °æJ-≠æ \-Jç--éÓ-´úøç.

7) He was off his guard.

a) Why should anyone attack him for noth-

Sumanth: But Sunil, all said and done, is the good sort and would go to any length to have a peaceful time. So he proposes to sell all his property with and settle in Bengaluru.

5) The attack on him today was their attempt to settle old scores.

5) Settle old scores/ Have a score to settle =

8) Come up/ Have an ace up his sleeve.

ing? Perhaps someone had an old score

É°æ¤púø’ äéÌ\-éπ\-öÀí¬ OöÀ N≠æ-ߪ÷©’ ûÁ©’-Ææ’-èπ◊çü∆ç.

to settle (with him) =

1) Caught red handed- Past tense of catch red handed =

ØË®Ωç îËÆæ’hç-úøí¬ °æô’d-éÓ-´úøç.

á´-È®jØ√ àç ™‰èπ◊çú≈ áçü¿’èπ◊ Åûª-úÕ-O’ü¿ ü∆úÕ îË≤ƒh®Ω’? §ƒûª éπéπ~-™‰¢Ó Öçö«®·.

é¬Ææh ã°œéπ °æô’d. F ´çûª’èπÿú≈ ´Ææ’hçC. 7) Off somebody's guard =

Çü¿-´’-J* Öçúøôç/ éπ≥ƒd©†÷, Ç°æü¿©†÷ áü¿’-®Ì\-ØËçü¿’èπ◊ Æœü¿l¥çí¬ ™‰éπ-§Ú-´úøç.

a) He was off guard when his enemies threw bombs at him

= Åûªúø’ Çü¿-´’-®Ω* Ö†o°æ¤púø’ ¨¡vûª’-´¤-©-ûªúÕ O’ü¿ ¶«ç•’©’ NÆœ-®√®Ω’.

b) The Police caught the thief off guard = police

üÌçí∫ à´’-®Ω’-§ƒ-ô’† Ö†o-°æ¤púø’ ©’ °æô’d-èπ◊-Ø√o®Ω’. Be on your guard = F ñ«ví∫-ûªh™  †’´¤yçúø’ 8) Have an ace up one's sleeve = Å´-Ææ-®Ω-¢Á’i† Ææ´’-ߪ’ç™ ¢√úø’ ÈíL-îËç-ü¿’èπ◊ O©’í¬ ´’† ü¿í∫_®Ω ®Ω£æ«-Ææuçí¬ Öç-èπ◊†o Ç™-/ °æü∑¿éπç/ éé-éπ-¢Á’i† Ææ´÷-î√®Ωç. a) I am surprised he is so calm. He must be having an ace up his sleeve =

Åûª-úøç-ûª v°æ¨»ç-ûªçí¬ Öçúøôç Ǩ¡a-®Ωuçí¬ ÖçC. àüÓ Öçü¿-ûª-úÕ ü¿í∫_®Ω, ´’†èπ◊ ûÁL-ߪ’E ´’®Ωtç.

b) He is not afraid of his officer. He knows some of his secrets. That must be the ace up his sleeve = officer

Åûªúø’ ûª† Åçõ‰ ¶µºßª’-°æ-úøúø’. Çߪ’† ®Ω£æ«-≤ƒu-™‰¢Ó Åûª-úÕéÀ ûÁ©’Ææ’. ÆæÈ®j† Ææ´’-ߪ’ç™ ¢√öÀE •ßª’-ô-°-úøû√-úø-ûªúø’. K.Satyanarayana, Vizag. Q. For

-†’ period of the time í¬ Ö°æßÁ÷-T-Ææ’h-†o-°æ¤púø’ Present perfect tense ™ ®√ߪ ÷-©E îªC-¢√†’. é¬F éÌEo-≤ƒ®Ω’x Simple past™ èπÿú≈ ´Ææ’h-Ø√o®·. ÉC éπÈ®èπ◊d Å´¤Ø√? é¬ü∆? A. Simple past ™ èπÿú≈ ¢√úø-´îª’a. ÅC correct èπÿú≈. eg: The British ruled India for 200 years = British 200 ruled, simple past for, period of time tense

¢√∞¡Ÿx ¶µ«®Ω-û˝†’ à∞¡Ÿx §ƒLç-î√®Ω’. Ééπ\úø éπü∆? äéπ èπ◊ ´·çü¿’ ¢√úøû√ç, ÅC á°æ¤p-úÁjØ√, à ûÓØÁjØ√ ¢√úø-´îª’a. éÀç-C -Ö-ü∆£æ«®Ω-ù-©’ îª÷úøçúÕ.

a) I am going to Hyderabad. I will be there for three days (future) b) He lived here for 10 years - 10 (past simple). c) He has lived here for the past ten years =

à∞¡Ÿx Çߪ’-

E-éπ\úø ÖØ√oúø’ í∫ûªç™

í∫ûª °æüË-∞¡Ÿxí¬ (°æüË∞¡x véÀûªç †’ç* É°æp-öÀ´-®Ω-èπÿ/- Éçé¬) Åûª-E-éπ\úø ÖØ√oúø’

(present perfect).

-í∫-´’-Eéπ: -≤Úpéπ-Ø˛ -Éç-Tx-≠ˇ -Ééπ°j -v°æ-A -Ç-C-¢√®Ωçv°æ--J-ûª-´’-´¤-ûª’ç-C.

Spoken English -§ƒ-ûª -¢√u≤ƒ-©éÓÆæç -éÀxé˙ -îË-ߪ’ç-úÕ.. URL: http://www.eenadu.net/spoken/spoken.htm

-Ç-C-¢√®Ωç 21 -úÕÂÆç-•®Ω’ 2008

Ñ-Ø√-úø’ £j«-ü¿®√-¶«-ü˛

J.Anil Kumar, Tadpatri, Anantapur Q. I read in Newspapers that the population of India reached to one billion i.e. 100 crores. Asma Jahangir is the billionth baby of India. With this we can understand that the value of one billion is 100 crores. But when I was going through the dictionary the other day to find out the meaning of some English words, accidentally I saw the meaning of billion. I was shocked to see that the meaning of billion is given as one lakh crores. In some other dictionaries it is said as a number which has 12 cyphers after 1. I request you to throw light on this matter and give the correct value for billion. A. The correct amount of One billion is, One thousand million. A million = One thousand thousand. One billion = 1000 000 000 = One hundred crore. This is the correct figure.

 Counter A.

When I complained about it he countered me by saying the opposite

He is an orphan so he has no concept of parental love =

£œ«ûÓéÀh

A. Homily/ good advice  Input A. 1)

A.

Westerners can have no concept of our caste system =

´’† èπ◊©-´u-´Ææn §ƒ¨»a-ûª’u-©èπ◊

Å´-í¬-£æ«† é¬ü¿’.

 Output

Though he is a Hindu, he has very clear concept of other religions too =

A. i)

Åûªúø’ £œ«çü¿÷ Å®·-†-°æp-öÀéÃ, Éûª®Ω ´’û√-© í∫’Jç* ´’ç* Å´í¬-£æ«† ÖçC. äéπ engineer, äéπ bridge †’ design îËÆæ’h-†o°æ¤púø’, bridge °æ‹®Ωh-®·† ûª®√yûª ÅC ᙫ Öçô’çC ÅØËC, °æ‹®Ωh-®·† bridge ü¿%¨¡uç, ÅûªúÕ ´’†-Ææ’™ ¢Á·ü¿õ‰ éπE°œÆæ’hçC – Ñ ü¿%¨¡uç, con-

ߪ’çvû√©’ É´y-í∫-©-¨¡éÀh, éπü¿-Léπ. ii) Computer †’ç* ´’†èπ◊ ûÁLÊÆ Ææ´÷-î √®Ωç. iii) äéπ ´’E≠œ/ ÆæçÆæn/ ߪ’çvûªç äéπ EKgûª 鬩ç™ îËߪ’-í∫© °æE.

 Hang over A.

Q. He was not sorry for having been deceived.

Åûªúø’ ÅØ√ü∑¿ Åçü¿’-éπE ûªLx-ü¿ç-vúø’© vÊ°´’ í∫’Jç-* Å´-í¬-£æ«† Åûª-úÕéÀ ™‰ü¿’.

ߪ’çvû√© ™«çöÀ ¢√öÀ-™ éÀ áéÀ\çîË Nü¿’u-îªa ¥éÀh. 2) computer ™éÀ áéÀ\çîË Ææ´÷î√®Ωç. 3) äéπ N≠æ-ߪ÷Eo í∫’Jç* ´’†èπ◊ ´îËa Ææ´÷-î√®Ωç, Ç™-îª-†©÷, ÅGμ-v§ƒßª÷©’. 4) äéπ course ™E subject ™E ¶üμ¿-Ø√ç-¨»©’.

Mullakunti Sudhakar, Kurnool Q. On every monday in Chaduvu column you are giving some modern expressions to readers in Eenadu which have become the part of modern English usage now. As a reader of your column I am happy to know and to learn this kind of new expressions you have been giving. Please let me know how do you know that such sort of expressions/ words have come into use in present day English? For this, what kind of books you read and refer? Because I too want to know like you, that such expression/ words are becoming modern in the present usage. Suggest me what should I do for this. And also suggest me a simple and good thesaurus dictionary to improve my vocabulary as a learner at the beginning juncture.

Concept Åçõ‰ äéπ N≠æ-ߪ’ç í∫’Jç-* Å´-í¬-£æ«†, ´’† ´’†-Ææ’™ üΔE-èπ◊†o ®Ω÷°æç.

´uA-Í®éπç/ v°æA-èπÿ©ç Argument X Counter argument



2

´’ü¿uç/ ´÷ü¿-éπ-vü¿-¢√u©/ ´’ûª’h °æüΔ-®√n© v°æ¶μ«´ç™ N’TL ÖçúËC.

cept.

¢Á÷Ææ-§Ú-®·-†çü¿’èπ◊ ÅûªúËç Nî√-Jç-îªúøç/ ¶«üμ¿°æ-úøôç ™‰ü¿’. For having been deceived = ¢Á÷Ææ-Tç-îª-•-úÕ†ç-ü¿’èπ◊.

Q. He is in the habit of taking exercise daily. A.

Åûª-úÕéÀ ®ÓW ¢√uߪ÷´’ç îËÊÆ Å©-¢√ô’ ÖçC. (¢√uߪ÷´’ç) îËÊÆ. éÀçC ¢√é¬u©†’ ûÁ©’-í∫’™ îÁ°æpçúÕ. of taking =

Q. She would see the books she read. A.

ûª†’ îªC-N† °æ¤Ææh-é¬-©†’ îª÷ÊÆC (í∫ûªç™).

Q. A writer has to avoid common things which are known to all. A.

She is an avid dance student

A. To know the modern expressions in English, all that you have to do is read standard English magazines like the India Today, The week, and newspapers like the Times of India. Further browse the web for new additions to the English vocabulary. You'll find them. Once you see them, practise them by using them in sentences of your own. The other thing you've to do is read books of English fiction by novelists like Chase, Harold Robins, Geoffrey Ascher, etc. Imp: You must be ready to spot a new expression and study its use in the book.

A.V.Subba Rao, Onipenta, Kadapa. Q.

éÀçC¢√öÀ í∫’-Jç-* N´-Jç-îª-í∫-©®Ω’.  1) Introvert

2) Extrovert

A. 1)

Åçûª-®Ω’t-ê’©’ – ¢√∞¡x Ç™-îª-†©’ ¢√∞¡x™ØË Â°ô’d-èπ◊E, Éûª-®Ω’-©èπ◊ ûÁ©’-°æ-èπ◊çú≈, Éûª-®Ω’-©ûÓ éπ©-´-èπ◊çú≈ äçô-Jí¬ ÖçúËçü¿’èπ◊ É≠æd°æúË¢√∞¡Ÿx X 2) •£œ«-®Ω’t-ê’©’– Åçü¿-JûÓ éπ©’-°æ¤-íÓ-©’í¬ ÖçúÕ, ûª´’ Ç™-îª-†©†’ Éûª®Ω’©ûÓ °æç-èπ◊ØË-¢√∞¡Ÿx.

 Possessiveness A.

´’† ´Ææ’h´¤O’ü¿ ´’†Íé ÅCμ-鬮Ωç, ´’´’ûª Öçú≈L ÅØË ûªûªyçûÓ, Éûª-®Ω’©’ üΔEo ņ’-¶μºNç-îªúøç/ üΔEûÓ Ææç•çüμ¿ç °ô’déÓ´úøç ¶μºJçîª-™‰-E-ûª†ç. ûªLxéÀ ûª† äÍé äéπ éÌúø’èπ◊ O’C ´’´’-鬮Ωç– ÅûªúÕ ¶μ«®Ωu (ûª† éÓúøL)†’ èπÿú≈ ü¿í∫_-®Ωèπ◊ ®√Fߪ’E ûªûªyç.

 Much more A.

î√™« áèπ◊\´- He has much more property than I have = His property is much more than mine =

Ø√ ÇÆœh éπçõ‰ î√™« áèπ◊\´.

 Commutators A. Commutators Commuter

ÅØË ´÷ô ™‰ü¿’. ÅC Å®· ÖçúÌa. Å®Ωnç = ®ÓW ÉçöÀ †’ç* î√™« ü¿÷®Ωçí¬ Ö†o ÖüÓuí∫ç îÓöÀéÀ bus/ train ©™ v°æߪ÷ùç îËÊÆ-¢√∞¡Ÿx.

 Puttage A.

Concept Schools E®√y-£æ«-èπ◊© v°æ鬮Ωç Concept school Åçõ‰ -Ççí∫x-¶μ«-≠æ-ù 530 Å®Ωnç Åéπ\úÕ °œ©x©ûÓ §ƒ®∏√©’ •öÃd°æ-öÀdç*, °æK-éπ~™x áèπ◊\´ marks ´îËaô’x îªC-Nç-îª-èπ◊çú≈ subjects ™E N≠æ-ߪ÷© °æôx Å´-í¬-£æ«† éπL-TçîË ÖüËl¨¡çûÓ ¶CμçîË schools ÅE. Concept school èπ◊ ÉD Å®Ωnç ÅE ¢√öÀ E®√y-£æ«èπ◊-©èπ◊ ûª°æp ´’È®-´-Jéà ŮΩnç é¬ü¿’.

Ñ ´÷ö ™‰ü¿’ English ™. •£æ›¨» ÉC footage Å®· Teach the student the concept of a ÖçúÌa. Å®Ωnç – äéπ ÆæEo-¢Ë-¨»Eo M.SURESAN subject, let them not mug up the îª÷Ê° -†-*vûª ¶μ«í∫ç/ v°æî√®Ωç subjects = NüΔu-JnéÀ N≠æߪ’ç Å´-í¬-£æ«† éÓÆæç Å´-Ææn©’ °æúË ®√ï-éÃߪ’ Ø√ߪ’-èπ◊-©†’ ÅßË’uô’x ¶Cμç; ¢√∞¡xûÓ §ƒ®∏√-Lo •öÃd °æöÀdç-îªèπ◊. îª÷°œçîË îª©-†-*vûª ¶μ«í∫ç.  Warmonger  Coastal Corridor A. ߪ·üΔl¥©’ éÓ®Ω’-èπ◊ØË¢√∞¡Ÿx, ¨»çAéÀ •ü¿’©’/ A. Ææ´·vü¿ B®Ωç ¢Áç•úÕ ´÷®Ω_ç/ ®Ω£æ«-üΔJ. éπߪ÷u-EéÀ 鬩’ü¿’¢Ëy-¢√∞¡Ÿx. Corridor = È®çúø’ ¢Áj°æ¤© Ö†o í∫ü¿’© ´®Ω-Ææ©  Avid ´’üμ¿u† ÖçúË ´÷®Ω_ç/ †úø´. A. üËE °æôx-®·Ø√ ¶«í¬ Öû√q£æ«ç/ Çûª’-®Ωûª éπ©.  Shops Ê°®Ωx ´·çü¿’ M/s ÅE Öçô’çC Åçõ‰ He is an avid watcher of the TV = Åûªúø’ Messers ÅE Å®Ωl¥´÷? TV Çûª’-®Ω-ûªí¬/ Öû√q-£æ«çûÓ îª÷≤ƒhúø’. A. Å´¤†’. Å®·ûË M/s (Messrs), äéπJ éπçõ‰ She is an avid dance student = Öû√q£æ«ç/ áèπ◊\´ ´uèπ◊h© Ê°®ΩxûÓ ÖçúË Company Ê°®ΩxÍé Çûª’-®Ω-ûªûÓ dance ØË®Ω’a-èπ◊ç-ô’çC/ Dance °æôx ¢√úøû√ç: M/s San and San (È®çúø÷ ´uèπ◊h© Ç¢Á ’èπ◊ î√™« Öû√q£æ«ç/ Çûª’-®Ωûª. Ê°Í®x)/ M/s Rao and Naidu, etc. ÅçûË-é¬F  commit Éûª®Ω Ê°®Ωx ´·çü¿’ ¢√úøç. M/s Reliance Corporation Ltd., ņúøç ÆæJ-é¬ü¿’, ÅN A. äéπ °æE îËߪ’úøç – ´·êuçí¬ îÁúø’. Commit ´uèπ◊h© Ê°®Ω’x 鬴¤ 鬕öÀd. suicide/ murder/ rape/ theft, etc.  Messers Åçõ‰?  Commitment A. Messrs, Mr (Mister) èπ◊ plural. A. Commitment to somebody = äéπ-J-éÀ-*a† ´÷ôèπ◊ •ü¿’l¥™„j Öçúøôç.  General store, Medical store © ûª®Ω’-¢√ûª Å™« é¬èπ◊çú≈ plural ™ General stores, Commitment to something = äéπ N≠æ-ߪ÷Medical stores ÅE Öçô’çC? áçü¿’-éπE? EéÀ éπô’d-•úÕ Öçúøôç. A. äÍé ®Ωéπ-¢Á’i† ´Ææ’h-´¤-©†’ Ţ˒t ü¿’é¬-ù«Eo We all appreciate Loksatta's commitment Stores Åçö«®Ω’. Medical Stores - ´’çü¿’©’ to clean politics = E≠æ \-∞¡çéπ ®√ï-éÃ-ߪ÷-©èπ◊ (´÷vûªç) Ţ˒t shop. General Stores ™é˙-Ææû√h éπô’d-•úÕ Öçúøö«Eo ´’†-´’çû√ ¢Á’a≤ƒ´÷-Ø√u-´-Ææ-®√© ´Ææ’h-´¤-©¢Ë’t shop. èπ◊çö«ç.  Module A.

(´·êuçí¬ College/ University) ™ äéπ ¶μ«í∫ç. 2) È®çúø’ ´‚úø’ ¶μ«í¬©’ éπL°œ ûªßª÷®ΩßË’u ߪ’çvûªç-™E Ç ¶μ«í¬©’, Modules. 3) äéπ v°æûËu-éπ-¢Á’i† ©éπ~uçûÓ îËÊÆ Computer Programme ™E ¶μ«í∫ç. 4) ¢Óu´’-؈-éπ™x Ææyûªç-vûª-¢Á’i† ¶μ«í∫ç.  Concept school ™ concept Åçõ‰ àN’öÀ? A. ÉC Å®Ωnç °æ®Ωnç ™‰E -´÷-ô. •£æ›¨» ¶μ«®Ω-û˝™  ÅD Ççvüμ¿-v°æ-üË-¨¸™ ûª°æp ÉçÈé-éπ\ú≈ ¢√úø®Ω’. ÉçÈé-éπ\ú≈ Ñ ´÷ô Å®Ωnç é¬ü¿’. 1) àüÁjØ√

There is no commitment on the part of the Govt to the welfare of the people =

course

v°æï©

ÆæçÍé~´’ç °æôx v°æ¶μº’ûªyç éπô’d-•úÕ ™‰ü¿’. M. Laxman, Kakinada.

®Ωîª-®·-ûª©’ Åçü¿-Jéà ûÁL-Æœ† ≤ƒ´÷†u¢Á’i† N≠æ-ߪ÷-©†’ ´C-™‰ßª÷L.

Q. i) Here are some rules given for good spelling.

ii) We witnessed a very good rush this year compared to last year.

-O-öÀ-™

given, compared

-à -Å®√n-©-E≤ƒh®·? É´y-•-úÕ†; are given = É´y-•-úÕ-†N. ii) compared = §ÚLÊÆh. compared to last year = éÀçü¿õ‰-ú≈-CûÓ §ÚLÊÆh.

A. i) Given =

K. Satyanarayana, Visakhapatnam Q. I am a teacher question tag- Aren't I I am not teacher negative statement Am I not a teacher tag form Aren't I a teacher

èπ◊,

Å´¤-ûª’çC.

ÅØË éÀ Åçõ‰ ÆæJ§Ú-ûª’çüΔ? ™‰éπ-§ÚûË Ééπ\úø èπÿú≈ ™ ™«í¬ ÅØ√™«?

A. Correct question tags: I am a teacher, aren't I? I am not a teacher, Am I (Am not tag)

èπ◊,

am I -

ÅØËC

correct question

Q. Ever, never

-©-†’ èπÿ-ú≈ present perfect -™-ØË -Ö°æ-ßÁ÷-T≤ƒh®Ω-E -îª-C-¢√-†’. é¬-E éÌ-Eo≤ƒ®Ω’x present simple -™ -†÷ -îÁ°æ¤ h-Ø√o®Ω’. Is it correct? Please explain.

A. Ever =

á°æ¤p-úÁj-Ø√/- á-©x-°æ¤púø÷– DEo à tense ûÓ ØÁjØ√ ¢√úø-´îª’a. Å®·ûË ´·êuçí¬ questions ™ éÌEo éÌEo expressions ™ ´÷vûª¢Ë’ ¢√-úø-û√ç.

a) All that he ever does is to complain = complain (Does - present simple)

¢√úø’ îËÊÆ-ü¿çû√,

îËߪ’-úø¢Ë’.

b) Does he ever help you? (Question - does help - present simple - question) Did he ever ...? simple past

É™«Íí,

ÅE èπÿú≈ Åçö«ç

™.

c) Has he ever helped you? Present perfect.

FÈé°æ¤p-úÁjØ√

Ææ£æ…ߪ’ç î˨»ú≈?– Never †’ Éçé¬ frequent í¬ -Å-Eo ¢√-úø-û√ç.

tenses

™

a) He never comes here (Pr. simple)

éÀçC ÉçTx≠ˇ ¢√é¬u-©èπ◊ ûÁ©’í∫’ Å®Ωnç ûÁ©’-°æ-í∫-©®Ω’. Q. The judge ordered him to be punished. A.

Ø√uߪ’-´‚Jh Åûª-úÕE PéÀ~ç-î√-Lqç-Cí¬ Çñ«c-°œçî√úø’.

Q. We have made him what he is. A.

b) He never came here when he was here (past simple) c) I will never see you again (future) tense

Å®Ωnç ÆæJí¬ Öçõ‰ à

É™« ™ØÁjØ√ ¢√úø-´îª’a.

Ñ®ÓV Åûª-úÕE ÉçûªöÀ-¢√-úÕE îËÆœçC ¢Ë’¢Ë’.

Spoken English -§ƒ-ûª -¢√u≤ƒ-©éÓÆæç -éÀxé˙ -îË-ߪ’ç-úÕ.. URL: http://www.eenadu.net/spoken/spoken.htm