Pratibha473-483

í∫’®Ω’-¢√®Ωç 3 -V-™„j 2008Yoga:

Ñ-Ø√-úø’ £j«-ü¿®√-¶«-ü˛

Has Kusala bought that car after all?

(Éçûªéà èπ◊¨¡© Ç

car

é̆oü∆?)

Kshema: Not that I know of. I met her just the day before and she didn't say anything about it.

(à¢Á÷ ´’J; Ø√èπ◊ ûÁL-Æœ-†ç-ûª-´-®Ωèπÿ ™‰ü¿’. ¢Á·†oØË ûª††’ éπL-¨»†’ ؈’. Ç N≠æߪ’ç ûªØËO’ îÁ°æp-™‰ü¿’ Ø√èπ◊) Yoga:

She was particular about it. No matter what I said, and no matter what the price would go for it.

(Ç car éÌØ√-©E °æô’d-ü¿-©í¬ ÖçC. ØËØÁçûª îÁ°œpØ√, Ç car áçûª üµ¿È®jØ√ ûª†’ éÌØËç-ü¿’Íé E®Ωg-®·ç--èπ◊çC.) Kshema: It's all the better if she buys it. She will be spending more if she goes for a new car. That will cost more than this.

(Ñ car é̆-úø¢Ë’ †ßª’ç. éÌûªh-鬮Ω’ éÌçõ‰ DE-éπçõ‰ áèπ◊\´ üµ¿Í® Öçô’çC. Å°æ¤púø’ áèπ◊\´ ê®Ωa-´¤-ûª’çC.) Yoga:

2

Look at the following expressions from the conversation above: 1) Not that I know of. I met her the day before and she didn't say anything about it. 2) No matter what I said, and no matter what the price she'd still buy it 3) It's all the better if she buys that car 4) to be on the safe side she had better have some more practice 5) I reached the other side just in the nick of the time. 6) ... Though I stood there grinding my teeth at the driver. 7) It'd have been a hit and run case 8) (It) doesn't matter 1) Not that I know of = expression

Ø√èπ◊ ûÁL-Æœ-†çûª´®Ωèπÿ ™‰ü¿’/ é¬ü¿’. Ñ ¢√úË Ææçü¿-®√s¥©’ ´’†èπ◊ áèπ◊\-´-í¬ØË ûªô-Ææn-°æ-úø’-ûª’ç-ö«®·. à¢Á÷! Ø√èπ◊ ûÁL-Æœ†çûª´®Ωèπÿ ™‰ü¿’– Å-E ûÁ©’-í∫’™ èπÿú≈ î√™«≤ƒ®Ωxçô’çö«ç éπü∆? Åçü¿’èπ◊ ÆæÈ®j† English ´÷ô, 'Not

Let her first make sure of her driving. Can she drive well?

that I know of'

(¢Á·ü¿ô ûª† driving O’ü¿ †´’téπç ûÁaéÓF. ¶«í¬ØË drive îËߪ’-í∫-©ü∆?)

a) Kinnera: Has she a house here?

Kshema: I saw her driving two or three times but was not on the car when she drove. To be on the safe side she had better have some more practice before she buy's this car.

(Ç¢Á’-Íé-´’Ø√o Ééπ\úø É©’xçü∆?)

Pragna: No matter. I can wait till tomorrow =

°∂æ®√y-™‰-ü¿’™‰. Í®°æ-öÀ-ü∆é¬ Öçúø-í∫-©†’.] No matter what ÉC °j ¢√öÀéÀ ü¿í∫_-®Ωí¬ Ö†o ÉçéÓ expression - Å®Ωnç – àüË-¢Á’iØ√ ÆæÍ® (ï®Ω-í¬-LqçC ïJT B®Ω’-ûª’çC) a) I'll meet the officer no matter what =

àüË-¢Á’iØ√ ÆæÍ®,

E éπLÆœ B®Ω-û√†’.

b) No matter what, I'll be there tomorrow =

*´-J-éπ~-ùç-™/- Åçû√ Å®·-§Ú-®·ç-ü¿-†’-èπ◊†o Ææ´’-ߪ’ç™, Åü¿%-≠d-´æ -¨»ûª’h police -¢√-∞ Ô}-*a Ç Å´÷t-®·E ®ΩéÀ~ç-î √®Ω’.

b) There will be no use coming to me in the nick of time =

*´-J-éπ~-ùç™ Ø√ü¿-í∫_-®Ω-éÌ-ÊÆh- ØËØËç

àüË-¢Á’iØ√ ÆæÍ® Í®°æ¤ ؈-éπ\-úø’çö«. ÉC èπÿú≈ ´’†-èπ◊ -î√-™« Ö°æ-ßÁ÷-í∫áèπ◊\-´í¬ °æúË ¢√úøçúÕ. Å®Ωnç = ÅC Éçé¬ ´’ç*C/ ´’ç*-ü¿®·çC, Åçûª-´-®Ωèπÿ ÅE.

3) All the better expression- conversational -

473

a) The curry was all the better for the ten minutes extra frying =

c) He came in the nick of time when the plane was about to start = Plane airport

•ßª’-™‰l-Í®-´·çü¿’, èπ◊ ´î√a-úø-ûª-úø’. In the nick of time èπ◊ ü¿í∫_®Ω Å®Ωnç ÖçúË ÉçéÓ *´-J-éπ~-ùç™

expression - In the eleventh hour. a) In the eleventh hour oxygen was given to him and he was saved = oxygen

*´-J-éπ~-ùç™ Åûª-úÕéÀ Éî√a®Ω’, Åûª-úø’ •A-é¬úø’. b) Eleventh hour decisions usually go wrong =

Not that I know of

(ûª†’ car †úø°æ-úøç ؈’ È®çúø’-´‚úø’ ≤ƒ®Ω’x îª÷¨»†’. -Å®·-ûË ûª†’ drive îËÆæ’h-†o-°æ¤púø’ ØËØ√ car ™ -™‰Ë†’. àüË-¢Á’i-Ø√/ -àD ï®Ω-èπ◊\çú≈ ÖçúËç-ü¿’èπ◊, car éÌØË-´·çü¿’ ´’J-éÌçûª driving practice îËÊÆh ´’ç*C.) Yoga:

(ÅC ´’ç*üË) Kshema: (Do you) know what happened yesterday? I was crossing the road in heavy track. A car almost hit me. Just in the nick of time I reached the other side. It was hair-breadth escape.

(EØËoç- ï-J-TçüÓ ûÁ©’≤ƒ? traffic áèπ◊\-´í¬ Ö†o-°æ¤púø’ road ü∆ô’-ûª’-Ø√o†’. äéπ -鬮Ω’ ††’o ü∆ü∆°æ¤ úµŒ éÌöÀdçC. ÅC ïJÍí éπ~ù«-EéÀ ´·çü¿’ ؈-´-ûª-LéÀ îË®Ω’-èπ◊Ø√o. (¢Áçvô’-éπ- ¢√-Æœ™ ûª°œpç--èπ◊Ø√o). The car sped away though I stood there grinding my teeth at the driver. It could have been a hit and run case.

(Ç car driver O’ü¿ °æ∞¡Ÿx -éÌ-®Ω’-èπ◊ûª÷ E©’Ø√o- ؈’, car ´÷vûªç ¢Ëí∫çí¬ ¢ÁRx-§Ú®·çC. úµŒéÌöÀd §ƒJ-§ÚßË’ Ææç°∂æ’-ô† Åߪ·uç-úËüË E†o). Yoga:

You're lucky to be alive. Your 'yoga' was good.

(Éçé¬ •A-èπ◊ç-úøôç F Åü¿%-≠d¢æ Ë’. F 'ßÁ÷í∫ç— ¶«í∫’çC.) Congrats. Kshema: Thank you. Oh, sorry. I owe you a hundred rupees. Sorry I've delayed. I'll give it this evening. (Sorry.

ØËFoéÓ ´çü¿-®Ω÷-§ƒ-ߪ’© Å°æ¤pØ√o†’ éπü∆? Ç©Ææuç Å®·çC, É´yúøç. Ñ ≤ƒßª’çvûªç ÉîËa-≤ƒh†’.)

Yoga:

Doesn't matter. I can wait.

(°∂æ®√y-™‰-ü¿’™‰. ØËØ√-í∫-í∫-©†’.) Kshema: You are such a good friend. Daily life situations sions

™ ¢√úË ´’J-éÌEo expres´’†ç É°æ¤púø’ ûÁ©’-Ææ’-èπ◊çü∆ç. OöÀ frequency (¢√úË-≤ƒ®Ω’x) î√-™« áèπ◊\´. î√-™« Ö°æ-ßÁ÷-í∫-°æ-úø-û√®· ´’†ç ´÷ö«x-úË-ô°æ¤púø’. ¶«í¬ simple expressions é¬-´-úøç ´©x conversational ease Öçô’çC.

èπÿ®Ω °æC EN’-≥ƒ--™„-èπ◊\´ ¢Ëí∫úøç ´’ç*üË Å®·çC. (°æC EN’-≥ƒ™„-èπ◊\´ °æöÀdØ√ ´’ç*üË Å®·çC, èπÿ®Ω áèπ◊\´ ®Ω’*í¬ Öçü¿E)

(Ç¢Á’èπ◊ Ééπ\úø É©’x†o Ææçí∫A Ø√èπ◊ -ûÁ-L-ߪ’-ü¿’/ Ø√èπ◊ ûÁL-Æœ-†çûª ´’ô’èπ◊ ™‰üË) b) Satvik: Ritwick has phoned, hasn't he?

(-JAyé˙

It will of her good.

phone

îËߪ’-™‰ü¿’ éπü∆?)

Karthik: Not that I know of

(îËÆœ-†ô’x Ø√Íéç -ûÁ-L-ߪ’-ü¿’/ Ø√èπ◊ ûÁL-Æœ-†çûª ´’ô’èπ◊ ™‰ü¿’) ÉC Å´-鬨¡ç ´*a-†-°æ¤p-úø™«x ¢√úøçúÕ. 2) No matter = à--üË-¢Á’i†-°æp-öÀéÃ/ áçûÁjØ√

M.SURESAN

b) It's all the better he doesn't know Telugu. We can say whatever we like of him =

¢√úÕéÀ ûÁ©’í∫’ ûÁ-L-ߪ’éπ-§Ú-´-úøç ´’ç*üË Å®·çC. ¢√úÕ í∫’-Jç-* a) No matter how hard he tried, he could not ´’†ç à¢Á’iØ√ îÁ°æ¤p-éÓ-´îª’a. get her love = Åûª-úø’ áçûª v°æߪ’-Aoç-*Ø√, Ç¢Á’ 4) To be on the safe side = É•sçC ™‰èπ◊çú≈ vÊ°´’†’ §Òçü¿-™‰-éπ-§Ú-ߪ÷úø’. ÖçúËç-ü¿’èπ◊ (´·çü¿’ ñ«ví∫-ûªhí¬)/ üËE-ÈéjØ√ ´’ç*C/ b) No matter what you say, I don't believe you áçü¿’-ÈéjØ√ ´’ç*C. want to help me = †’¢Áyçûª/ †’¢Ëyç îÁ°œpØ√ a) Rs. 1500 may be enough, but take a little †’´¤y Ø√èπ◊ ≤ƒßª’ç îË≤ƒh´E ؈’ †´’t†’. more, just to be on the safe side = °æC-Ê£«†’ c) No matter where you live, they will still trou´çü¿© ®Ω÷§ƒ-ߪ’©’ î√©’. é¬E üËE-ÈéjØ√ ´’ç*C ble you = †’¢Áy-éπ\-úø’Ø√o, Fèπ◊ ¢√∞¡Ÿx ¶«üµ¿ éπ-L-Té¬Ææh áèπ◊\´ BÆæ’Èé∞¡Ÿx. Ææ÷hØË Öçö«®Ω’. b) The road is safe, but just to be on the safe [Éçûªèπ◊´·çü¿’ lesson ™ no matter èπ◊ -Ö-†o side take some one with you = Ç road v°æ´÷-ü¿-¢Á’içüËç é¬ü¿÷, áçü¿’-ÈéjØ√ ´’ç*C. á´-®ΩoÉçéÓ Ö°æ-ßÁ÷í∫ç ûÁ©’Ææ’-èπ◊Ø√oç éπü∆? °∂æ®√y™‰-ü¿’™‰ ®·Ø√ ûÓúø’ BÆæ’-Èé∞¡Ÿx. ÅØË Å®ΩnçûÓ èπÿú≈ no matter ¢√úøû√ç. eg: Pranav: I'm sorry I can't lend you my book today sorry.

= Fèπ◊ -Ñ®ÓV Ø√ °æ¤Ææhéπç É´y-™‰†’,

Q.

1)

c) Take another copy of the letter, to be on the safe side = letter copy

áçü¿’-ÈéjØ√ ´’ç*C, Ç

ÉçéÓ

BÆæ’éÓ.

She looks upon sex as a commodity to be exploited to the fullest for her own personal gratification. To be exploited

DEéÀ ûÁ©’í∫’ Å®Ωnç îÁ°æp-í∫-©®Ω’. Åçõ‰ Å®Ωnç àN’öÀ? 2) ÉçTx≠ˇ ¶«í¬ ´÷ö«x-ú≈-©-†’èπ◊-ØË¢√∞¡xèπ◊ éπ´‚u-EÍé-≠æØ˛ Æœ\™¸q ᙫ °ç§Òç-Cç--éÓ-¢√™ Ææ÷îª-†©’ É´y-í∫-©®Ω’. 3) This turns out to be particularly unfortunate. DEéÀ ûÁ©’í∫’ Å®Ωnç îÁ°æpí∫-©®Ω’. 4) Because of, by means of, in accordance with- ÉN àßË’ Ææçü¿-®√s¥-©™ Ö°æ-ßÁ÷T-≤ƒh®Ó -ûÁ-©’°æí∫-©®Ω’. - G.Suresh, Guntur.

*´-J-éπ~-ùç™.

a) Luckily the police arrived in the nick of time and saved the girl =

îËߪ’-™‰†’.

-Ççí∫x-¶µ«-≠æ-ù

Kasturi: Not that I know of.

officer

5) In the nick of time =

*´-J-éπ~-ùç™ BÆæ’-èπ◊ØË E®Ωg-ߪ÷©’ ´÷´‚-©’í¬ ûª°æ¤p-´¤ûª’ç-ö«®·.

c) He got such low marks because of his eleventh hour preparation = marks

Æœü¿l¥ç-é¬-´-úøç-´©x Åûª-úÕéÀ ûªèπ◊\´

*´-J-éπ~-ùç™ ´î√a®·.

6) Grinding my/ his/ somebody's teeth = (Grind, ground - past tense and past participle)

éÓ°æçûÓ °æ∞¡Ÿx -éÌ-®Ω-éπ-úøç

a) He ground his teeth as the speaker criticised him =

Ö°æ-Ø√u-Ææ-èπ◊úø’ ûª††’ N´’-Jz-Ææ’hçõ‰ Åûª-úø’ éÓ°æçûÓ °æ∞¡Ÿx -éÌ-®Ω’-èπ◊-ûª’-Ø√oúø’.

b) She grinds her teeth even at the mention of her divorced husband's name =

NúÕ-§Ú-®·† ûª† ¶µº®Ωh Ê°®Ω’ Nçõ‰- î√©’, Ç¢Á’ °æ∞¡Ÿx éÌ®Ω’-èπ◊\çô’çC, éÓ°æçûÓ. 7) Hit and run case = Road Accidents N≠æߪ’ç™, accident éπL-TçîË driver (ÉçéÓ- ¢√-£æ«-Ø√Eo, á´-È®jØ√ ´uéÀhE úµŒéÌöÀd† driver) ûª† ¢√£æ«-Ø√Eo Ç°æ-èπ◊çú≈ §ƒJ-§Ú-´-úøç. a) He died in the hit and run accident= 鬮Ω’ úµŒéÌE, 鬮Ω’ Ç°æE accident ™ Åûª-úø’ îªE-§Ú-ߪ÷úø’. b) He is a hit and run driver and everybody knows it = Accident driver

©’ îËÆœ ¢√£æ«-Ø√Eo Ç°æÅûª-úø’. Åûª-úøç-ü¿-JéÃ

èπ◊çú≈ ¢ÁRx-§ÚßË’ ûÁ©’Ææ’.

8) It doesn't matter = It's no matter = no matter =

°∂æ®Ω-¢√-™‰ü¿’.

´®Ω{ç 鬮Ω-ùçí¬

match

b) By means of =

®Ωü¿l-®·çC. ûªü∆y®√.

He came up in life by means of hard work =

A.

1)

Ç¢Á’ Sex †’ (¨¡%çí¬-®√Eo) ûª† ≤ƒy®Ωn ûª%°œhéÓÆæç ¢√úø’-éÓ-ü¿-T† ´Ææ’h-´¤í¬ îª÷Ææ’hçC. 2) Communication Skills ᙫ °ç§Òç-Cç-éÓ-¢√™ Éçûªèπ◊´·çü¿’ î√™«-≤ƒ®Ω’x N´-Jç* ÖØ√oç. 3) ´·êuçí¬ ÉC î√-™« ü¿’®Ωü¿%-≠æd-éπ-®Ω-¢Á’i† N≠æ-ߪ’çí¬ ûªßª÷-È®jçC. 4) a) Because of = Ç é¬®Ω-ùçí¬. The match was cancelled because of the rain =

-v¨¡-´’ -ü∆y®√ Åûª-úø’ @N-ûªç™ °jéÌ-î√aúø’. By means of his contacts he can get anything done =

ûª†-èπ◊†o Ææç•ç-üµ∆© ü∆y®√ Åûª-úø’ -à °æØÁjØ√ îË®·ç-îª-í∫-©úø’. c) In accordance with = Ç v°æ鬮Ωç. In accordance with the agreement she should vacate the house =

ä°æpçü¿ç v°æ鬮Ωç Ç¢Á’ É©’x ë«SîËߪ÷L.

Spoken English -§ƒ-ûª -¢√u≤ƒ-©éÓÆæç -éÀxé˙ -îË-ߪ’ç-úÕ.. URL: http://www.eenadu.net/spoken/spoken.htm

-Ç-C-¢√®Ωç 6 -V-™„j 2008 Q.

Ñ-Ø√-úø’ £j«-ü¿®√-¶«-ü˛ B: I would be, indeed =

Indeed, Rather than

©èπ◊ -Å®Ωn-¢Ë’-N’-öÀ? -Éç-Tx-≠ˇ-™ -O-öÀ ¢√-úø’éπ í∫’-Jç-* -ûÁ-©’°æí∫-©®Ω’. - P.Sreenivasulu, Hyderabad.

Å´¤†’. ÅC Eï¢Ë’. 3) Indeed -†’ ´·çü¿’ ņo-´÷-ôèπ◊ ´uA-Í®éπçí¬ ´îËa Å®ΩnçûÓ ¢√úøû√ç. He wasn't disappointed at all. Indeed he was happy =

A.

Indeed -†’ -Gµ-†o Ææç-ü¿®√s¥™x -¢ËÍ®y®Ω’ -Å®√n-©’ üµ¿y-Eç-îË-™« -¢√-úø-û√ç. 1) Indeed= Eïçí¬ (really) A friend in need is a friend indeed.

(Å´-Ææ-®√-EéÀ ´îËa ÊÆo£œ«-ûª’úË Eïçí¬/ Eï-¢Á’i† ÊÆo£œ«-ûª’úø’) 2) Indeed -†’– 'Å´¤†’ ÅC éπ®Ωé˙d—/ 'Å´¤†’ ÅC Eï¢Ë’— – ÅØË Å®ΩnçûÓ èπÿú≈ ¢√úøû√ç. A: Would you be happy if I gave you some more money?

2

-Å-ûªúø-Ææ©’ E®Ω’-û√q-£æ«-°æ-úø-™‰ü¿’. Éçé¬ î√™« ÆæçûÓ-≠œç-î√úø’. Rather than= È®çúø’ ¢ËÍ®y®Ω’ N≠æ-ߪ÷-©†’ §Ú©’Ææ÷h äéπöÀ ÉçéÓü∆E-éπçõ‰ áèπ◊\´ ÅE comparative degree ûÁL-Ê°ç-ü¿’èπ◊ rather than ¢√-úø-û√ç. Éçé¬ preference (É≠ædûª) ûÁL-Ê°ç-ü¿’èπ◊ ¢√úøû√ç.

Q.

I'd rather starve than eat that food =

1. Thirteen day training programme for the teachers. heading A thirteen day training Thirteen days training

Å™«çöÀ ǣ慮Ωç AØËç-ü¿’éπçõ‰ ؈’ °æÆæ’h -Öç-úËç-ü¿’Íé É≠æd-°æ-úø-û√†’ = Rather than eat

2. The Prime Minister left New Delhi on a four day visit to Australia-

í¬ ¢√úÕ-†-°æ¤púø’ ÅE-í¬E, ÅE-í¬E ®√ߪ’-†-´-Ææ®Ωç ™‰ü∆?

1. Billet-doux,

love

letter

äéπ-õ‰Ø√? 2. Epistle, Missive

©’ à ®Ωéπ-¢Á’i†

3. Vale, Valedictory function, farewell, send off, Adieu

3. Vale = Valley = Vale poetic.

™ߪ’.

äéπ-õ‰Ø√?

5. Baccy,

ÅØËC

äéπ-õ‰Ø√?

Tobacco,

snout,

guvnor,

-Ççí∫x-¶µ«-≠æ-ù

boss

äéπ-õ‰Ø√? 6. Molestation, Nuisance, Mutation, Alteraction, Vicissitude, Variation

É´Fo äéπ-õ‰Ø√?

7. Nihilism, Terrorism 8. Lucubration

–

Nocturnal study

äéπ-õ‰Ø√?

9. Noontide, Noon, Noon time- eventide, evening, eve

äéπ-õ‰Ø√?

- U. Ajay Kumar, Adilabad.

A.

O’®Ω’ ®√Æœ† ´÷ô© Ææ´·-ü∆-ߪ÷© (sets of words) ™ éÌEo sets, synonyms, î√™« áèπ◊\´ sets ™E ´÷ô™x äéπ-ü∆-E-éÌ-éπöÀ Ææç•çüµ¿ç ™‰EE ÖØ√o®·. éÌEo sets ™E éÌEo ´÷ô©’ î√™« ví¬çC∑-éπ-¢Á’i-†N, formal written English ™ èπÿú≈ î√™« Å®Ω’-ü¿’í¬ éπE-°œç-îËN. Spoken English ™ ÅÆæ©’ ¢√úø-EN– ¢√úÕØ√ á´JéÀ Å®Ωnç é¬èπ◊çú≈ communication break éπL-Tç-îËN. O’K °æü∆-©†’ áéπ\-úø-†’ç* ÊÆéπ-Jç-î√®Ó ûÁL-ߪ’úø癉ü¿’; ÉçéÓ N≠æߪ’ç, à Ææç•çüµ¿ç ™‰E 4, 5 ´÷ô-©†’ äÍé set ™ îª÷°œç* É´Fo äéπ-õ‰Ø√ ÅE Åúø’-í∫’-ûª’-Ø√o®Ω’. O’èπ◊ ¢√öÀE ᙫ N´-Jç-î√™ Å®Ωnç 鬴-úøç-™‰ü¿’.

-Ñ ¢√é¬u-©†’ ÉçTx-≠ˇ™ -á-™« -îÁ-§ƒp-L? 8. ÖvûËp-é~¬-©ç-鬮Ωç 1. ûª† ü¿’®Ω’Ææ’ v°æ´-®Ωh-†ûÓ Nü∆u-©-ߪ÷Eo 9. Nví∫-£æ…Eo ÇN-≠æ\-Jç-î√®Ω’. v¶µº≠æfld °æöÀdç-î√úø’. 10. ®Óúø’f °æéπ\† ´®Ω{-°æ¤-F-öÀéÀ °ü¿l ´’úø’2. ÆæØ√t-Ø√Eo E®Ωy-£œ«ç-îªúøç/ ÆæØ√t† 鬮Ωuí∫’™« à®ΩpúÕ •vÈ®©’, ü¿’†o-§Ú-ûª’©’ véπ´’ç. ™«çöÀ °æ¨¡Ÿ-´¤-©èπ◊ véÃú≈¨¡-ߪ’-¢Á’içC. 3. ´’† í∫’®Ω’-ûª®Ω ¶«üµ¿u-ûª-ØÁ-JT v°æ´-Jhç-î√L. DE°j ¢ÁçôØË ÆæpçCç* ûªT† Ωu 4. Çߪ’† ñ«AéÀ îËÆœ† ÊÆ´©’ ¢Á©-™‰-EN. BÆæ’-éÓ-´’E ´·Eq-°æ™¸ ÅCµ-é¬-®Ω’-©†’ 5. éπ©ç, £æ«©-´·-©çü¿’ °∂æ’†’úø’. éÓ®Ω-úø-¢Á’içC. 6. °æçúÕûª °æJ-≠æ\%ûªç. - Y. Gayathri, Asifabad. 7. ûª†-üÁj† ¨ÎjL™ 1.

éÌçü¿®Ω’ Grammar Depth í¬ îÁ•’û√ç Åçô’-Ø√o®Ω’. ´’J-éÌç-ü¿®Ω’ Grammar Deep í¬ îÁ•’û√ç Åçô’-Ø√o®Ω’. Éçü¿’™ àC éπÈ®é˙d? 2. Tenses ™ perfect continuous tense ©èπ◊ passive form (voice) áçü¿’èπ◊ ¢√úø-èπÿ-úøüÓ ûÁL-ߪ’-ñ‰-ߪ’-í∫-©®Ω’. – V.B. Naidu, Ganapathi, Bhimavaram

A.

1. Grammar deep

474

Öü∆-£æ«-®Ω-ùèπ◊ Terrorism èπÿ, Nihilism èπÿ Ææç•çüµ¿ç àç Öçü¿E ûËú≈ N´-Jç-îª-´’ç-ö«®Ω’? O’®Ω’ ´’ç* dictionary ≤ƒßª’ç BÆæ’-éÓçúÕ. Ñ Spoken English lessons ™ ´÷´‚©’ daily life situations ™ ¢√úË ´÷ô©’, ¢√öÀ ¢√úø’éπ í∫’Jç* ´÷vûª¢Ë’ ûÁLߪ’ñ‰ßª’-í∫©ç, í∫´’-EçîªçúÕ. 1. Billet- doux (G-©ö¸úø÷)= love letter. Å®·ûË Billet- doux, french ´÷ô– á°æ¤p-úÁjØ√ £æ…≤ƒu-EéÀ ™‰ü∆ ví¬çC∑-éπçí¬ ¢√úË-´÷ô, Åçü¿-Jéà ŮΩnçé¬éπ§Ú´îª’a. 2. Epistle - ÅÆæ-©®Ωnç - Jesus ¢Á·ü¿öÀ ņ’-îª-®Ω’©’ ®√Æœ† Öûªh-®√™x àüÁjØ√. ÉçéÓ Å®Ωnç = àüÁjØ√ ´·êu-¢Á’i† N≠æߪ’ç í∫’Jç* Ææ’D-®Ω`-¢Á’i† ™‰ê– ví¬çC∑éπçí¬ é¬F ™‰ü∆ £æ…≤ƒu-E-éÀ-í¬F ¢√úË-´÷ô. ´÷´‚©’ Öûªh-®√-EéÀ ÉC- ¢√úøç. Missive Åçõ‰ èπÿú≈ ´·êu- N-≠æ-ߪ’ç í∫’Jç-* Ææ’D-®Ω`-¢Á’i† ÅCµ-é¬-Jéπ ™‰ê– ví¬çC∑éπç, £æ…≤ƒu-EéÀ ¢√úË´÷ô. ´÷´‚©’ Öûªh-®√-©èπ◊ Ñ ´÷ô ¢√úøôç îµ√çü¿-Ææçí¬ NE-°œ-Ææ’hçC.

Q.

Q.

™ îËߪ’-úøç Ææçv°æü∆ߪ’ç. ÅC ûª°æ¤pí¬ Å†’-éÓ®Ω’. 2. ÅC ÆæÈ®j-†üË.

Study late into the night

Öûªh-®√©’? 4. Venality, Bribery

Å®·ûË

- Pavani & Sudha, Matsyapuri

(Éçé¬Ææh úøGsÊÆh †’´¤y ÆæçûÓ-≠œ-≤ƒh¢√?)

1. You are correct. It should be 'A thirteen day-tour' 'A thirteen days' tour' correct. Newspaper Headlines articles (A/ an and the) omit

ÅE-í¬F, ÅE-í¬F ®√ߪ’úøç

Ñ ¢√éπuç ÆæÈ®j-†-üËØ√?

that food I'd starve.

Q.

A.

DEE

í¬ îÁ•’û√ç ņúøç correct. 2. Perfect continuous tenses èπ◊ passive form î√™« Å≤˘-éπ-®Ωuçí¬, éπ%ûª-éπçí¬ grammar éÓÆæç grammar í¬ (English ®√ߪ’-ú≈-EéÀ, ´÷ö«x-úø-ö«-EéÀ é¬èπ◊çú≈) éπ-E°œÆæ’hçô’ç--C. (have/ has/ had/ shall have/ will have been being + PP)– ÉD ¢√öÀéÀ passive - ÉC áçûª É•sç-C-éπ-®Ω¢Á÷ ûÁ©’-≤ÚhçC éπü∆?

Q.

A.

Valediction= OúÓ\©’ °æ©éπúøç, ´·êuçí¬ ã OúÓ\©’ Æ涵º™– ÉC î√™« §ƒçúÕûªuç, ´÷´‚©’ OúÓ\-©’èπ◊ ¢√úøç. (´uèπ◊h© •%çü∆-EéÓ, Nü∆u-®Ω’n© M.SURESAN Ææ´‚-£æ…-EéÓ, v°æûËu-éπ Æ涵º™ °æLÍé OúÓ\©’). Valedictory function= °j† ûÁL°œ† ÖüËl-¨¡çûÓ à®√p-ô’-îË-Æœ† Æ涵º/ ¢Ëúø’éπ Farewell= OúÓ\©’. Give/ say a farewell = OúÓ\©’ îÁ°æp-úøç (ã ´uéÀh ÉçéÓ-´uéÀh/ ´uèπ◊h-©èπ◊)= sendoff= ¢ÁRx-§Ú-ûª’†o ´uéÀhE ≤ƒí∫-†ç-°æúøç. Adieu = goodbye – ÉC §ƒûª-üÁj-§Ú-®·çC. v°æÆæ’hûªç ¢√úø’-éπ™ ™‰ü¿’. 4. Venality= úø•’s-éÓÆæç FA-´÷-L† °æ†’©’ îËߪ’úøç= bribery= -©ç-îªç. È®çúø÷ ü∆ü∆°æ¤ äéπõ‰. Å®·ûË Venality ví¬çC∑éπç. Spoken English ™ Å®Ω’ü¿’. 5. Baccy= ¶«uéÀ (British English ™ ´÷vûª¢Ë’– ¶«u, Bank ™ ba ™«)= Tobacco. Snout èπ◊ Tabacco èπ◊ àçÆæç-•çüµ¿ç? Snout Åçõ‰ °æçC ™«çöÀ ïçûª’-´¤© ´·èπ◊\, ØÓ®Ω÷ éπL°œ. Guvnor= boss (Guvnor- British Eng)

2. Conducting/ organising a felicitation ceremony (English

™ Éçûª-éπçõ‰ ÆæÈ®j† ´÷ô ™‰ü¿’. -Ñ -´÷-ô Åçûªí¬ ÆæJ-§Úü¿’. ÆæØ√t† 鬮Ωuvéπ-´÷-©èπ◊ Ççí∫x Ææçv°æü∆-ߪ’ç™ Åçûª v§ƒ´·êuç ™‰ü¿’)

3. We should behave with a high sense of responsibility/

4. The services he rendered to the nation are invaluable. 5. He is good at writing and forming as well. 6. Emended by scholars. 7. In his/ her own style.

1. Active Voice 6

™ verb 12 ®Ω÷§ƒ™x Ö†oô’x ®√¨»®Ω’. ´’®ÌéπîÓô verb ®Ω鬩’ ÅØ√o®Ω’. àC éπÈ®èπ◊d? 2. Pratibha Plus ™ èπÿú≈ ÉçTx≠ˇ ví¬´’Í® ÉÊÆh ¶«í∫’ç-ô’çC. -ví¬-´’®˝èπ◊ -v§ƒ-´·-êuç -É-´yí∫-©®Ω’.

Q.

1. Active Voice 12 forms passive voice 8 forms 6 forms English voice verb six forms- 1) be form 2) be form + ...ing form 3) be form + pp (passive) 4) Have/ has/ had/ shall have/ will have, etc + pp 5) Doing words 6) Shall/ should/ will/ would etc + 1st Regular Doing Word -

™E Å®·Ø√ Å®·Ø√, Ç ™ØË Öçö«®·. Å®·Ø√ Ñ

èπ◊ ™‰ü¿’. OöÀ™ Jç-îª-í∫-©®Ω’.

9. Unveiled the statue. 10. Buffaloes are lolling about in the large puddle (of rain water) along the margin of the road. The Municipal authorities are requested to respond and take immediate action to end this.

©èπ◊ ûËú≈ àN’öÀ? ™‰ü¿ç-ö«®Ω’ éπü∆. áçü¿’èπ◊ èπÿú≈ ¢√úøû√ç éπü∆, N´-

- P. Srinivasa Rao, Pitapuram

™E à

OöÀ™ äéπ-öÀ-í¬ØË Öçô’çC. ™ Vocabulary (words- ¢√öÀ Ö°æ-ßÁ÷í∫ç) ®√ߪ’úøç™ ÖüËl¨¡ç grammar ûÓ¶«ô’ §ƒ®∏Ω-èπ◊©’ °æü¿ Ææç°æ-ü¿†’ èπÿú≈ °ç-éÓ-¢√-©E.

2. Pratibha Plus

ÖvûËp-é¬~ -©ç-鬮Ωç– DEéÀ ÆæÈ®j† °æü¿ç ™ ™‰ü¿’.

English

1. Consonant sounds V, W

™E

™ à

8.

2. Present perfect continuous, past perfect continuous, future perfect continuous, future continuous tense passive voice transitive verbs

- S. Satyanarayana Murthy, Kakinada

A.

Ñ nuisance È®çúÕç-öÀéÀ àçöÀ Ææç•çüµ¿ç? ÅÆ晄™« ´*açC O’é¬ Idea? Molestation- ¨»K-®Ω-éπçí¬, ™„jçTéπçí¬ ´·êuçí¬ °œ©x-©†’ £œ«çÆœçîªúøç. Nuisance = *é¬èπ◊, ¶«üµ¿ éπL-Tç-îªúøç. Mutation - @´-¨»≤ƒYEéÀ Ææç•ç-Cµç-*† ´÷ô– ´’†’-≠æfl-©, îÁôx, ïçûª’-´¤© u-°æ-ü∆-®√n©’, ¢√öÀ Ææçûª-A™ îÁçüË -´÷®Ω’p. Alteraction = Ñ ´÷ô English ™ ™‰ü¿’. Vicissitude = äéπJ @N-ûªç™E ´’©’-°æ¤©’, Ææ´’Ææu©÷. Variation = ûËú≈/ ´÷®Ω’p. 7. Nihilism = N’ü∑∆u¢√ü¿ç. v°æ°æç-îªç™ ´’ûª, ≤ƒç°∂œ’éπ †´’t-é¬-©èπÿ, Çî√-®√-©èπÿ à N©’-¢√-™‰ü¿’, ÅN °æE-éÀ®√-´ØË ûªûªyç. Terrorism = Bv´ £œ«ç≤ƒ-¢√ü¿ç. 8. Lucubration (î√™« Å®Ω’ü¿’) = Nocturnal study (Å®Ω’ü¿’) = ®√vA°æ‹ô î√™«-ÊÆ°æ¤ v¨¡N’ç* îªü¿-´úøç. Study late into the night Åçõ‰ Åçü¿-Jéà ŮΩnç Å´¤-ûª’çC éπü∆? 9. äéπõ‰. Å®·ûË noontide ví¬çC∑éπç. O’®Ω’ à book of synonyms †’ç-îÓ ÊÆéπ-Jç-*† ´÷ô-©†’ Ééπ\úø ÅúÕ-T-†-ô’d-Ø√o®Ω’. Å™«çöÀ °æ¤Ææh-鬩™ Ö†o ´çü¿™«C ´÷ô-©†’ N´-Jç-îª-úøç éπ≠dçæ éπü∆? Åçü¿’-™†÷ ÅN Spoken English ™ N-E°œç-îË-N é¬-´¤.

We should conduct ourselves, conscious of our serious responsibility.

1. He ruined the institution by his high handed behaviour.

6. Molestation,

A.

1.

°j ´-®ΩÆæ °æ∞¡x†’ éÀçC °ü¿-NéÀ û√éÀÊÆh ´îËa ¨¡•lç V. ÉC F èπ◊ ü¿í∫_®Ω. °ü¿-´¤-©†’ í∫’çvúøçí¬ A°œp- Ø√-©’-éπ†’ flat í¬ Â°öÀd Öîªa-JçîË ¨¡•lç 'W'. V, W ©èπ◊ É™« î√™« ûËú≈ ÖçC. 2. ÉC Éçûªèπ◊´·çü¿’ N´-Jçî√ç. OöÀéÀ passive î√™« éπ%ûª-éπçí¬, grammar éÓÆæç grammar í¬ Öçô’çC. OöÀéÀ passive î√ü¿Ææhçí¬ Öçô’çC.

Spoken English -§ƒ-ûª -¢√u≤ƒ-©éÓÆæç -éÀxé˙ -îË-ߪ’ç-úÕ.. URL: http://www.eenadu.net/spoken/spoken.htm

-´’çí∫-∞¡-¢√®Ωç 8 -V-™„j 2008

Ñ-Ø√-úø’ £j«-ü¿®√-¶«-ü˛

Arogya: Kundan made a fool of himself yesterday, didn't he?

(èπ◊çü¿Ø˛ E†o äöÀd ¢ÁvJ-¶«-í∫’-©-¢√-úÕ™« v°æ´-Jhçî√úø’ éπü∆?)

Iswarya: Things are going to be different from Monday. The class hours will be from 8 to 3, instead of from 10 to 5 as they are now.

Iswarya: Yes, by making jokes that were all out of place.

(Å´¤†’, ÅÆæç-ü¿-®Ωs¥-¢Á’i†

jokes

(ûª††’ Éûª-®Ω’©’ Çô-°æ-öÀd-Ææ’h-Ø√o-®ΩE Åûª-úÕ-éπ®Ωnç 鬙‰ü¿’. Eïçí¬ ÅûªúÕ í∫’Jç* ؈’ ¶«üµ¿-°æúø’-ûª’-Ø√o†’.) Iswarya: I tried to warn him, but he took it amiss. He thought I was discouraging him out of envy.

Arogya:

(≤Ú´’-¢√®Ωç †’ç* °æJ-Æœn-ûª’©’ ´÷®Ω-û√®· éπü∆. Classes É°æpöÀ™«í¬ 10 †’ç* 5 ´®Ωèπ◊ é¬èπ◊çú≈ 8 †’ç* 3 ´®Ωèπ◊çö«®·.)

¢ËÆœ.)

Arogya: He wasn't aware that others were poking fun at him. I was really sorry for him.

2

Arogya: That certainly is a change for the worse. We have to get up rather early in the morning .

(Ñ ´÷®Ω’p ´©x îÁúË. §Òü¿’l† Éçé¬Ææh ûªy®Ωí¬ ™‰¢√Lq ´Ææ’hçC.) Iswarya: (There is) no helping it. Things are not in our hands.

Éûª®Ω’©’ Åúøèπ◊\çú≈ØË Ææ©-£æ…L*a ¢ÁvJ-¢√-úÕ-´-E-°œç--èπ◊ç-ö«-¢Áç-ü¿’èπ◊? 2) Out of place - ÅÆæç-ü¿-®Ωs¥-¢Á’i†

(ûª°æpü¿’. ´’† îËûª’™x àO’ ™‰ü¿’ éπü∆.) (ÅûªúÕE £«îªa-Jç-î√-©E v°æߪ’-Aoç-î√†’. é¬F High frequency expressions used in daily Åûªúø’ ††’o ŧƒ®Ωnç îËÆæ’-èπ◊-Ø√oúø’. ØËØËüÓ real life situations í∫’Jç* ûÁ©’-Ææ’-èπ◊ç-ô’-Ø√oç-í∫ü∆? Ñ®Ω{uûÓ ÅûªúÕE E®Ω’-û√q-£æ«-°æ-®Ω’-Ææ’h-Ø√o-†-†’-èπ◊- É°æ¤púø’ ´’J-éÌEo îª÷ü∆lç. ÉN èπÿú≈ ´’†èπ◊ ¶«í¬ Ø√oúø’.) Ö°æ-ßÁ÷-í∫°æúË ´÷ô©’. î√™« ≤˘éπ®Ωuçí¬ Öçö«®·. What was the matter with him? Why ´’† ´÷´‚©’ ¶µ«¢√©’ ûÁL-Ê°ç-ü¿’èπ◊ OöÀE Å´-鬨¡ç couldn't he understand that you meant ´*a-†-°æ¤p-úø™«x ¢√úø’-ûª’ç-úøçúÕ. well.

(à¢Á’iç-ü¿-ûª-úÕéÀ? †’´¤y Ææü¿’-üËl-¨¡ç-ûÓØË îÁ§ƒp´¤ é¬F áçü¿’-éπ®Ωnç îËÆæ’-éÓ-™‰-éπ-§Ú-ߪ÷úø’?)

-Ççí∫x-¶µ«-≠æ-ù

Iswarya: He didn't quite catch what I was trying to drive at.

c) Why make a fool of yourself by offering advice unasked =

475

(؈’ àç îÁÊ°pç-ü¿’èπ◊ v°æߪ’-Ao-Ææ’h-Ø√oØÓ Åûªúø’ ví∫£œ«ç-‰ü¿’.)

a) His jokes were out of place on such a serious occasion = jokes b) Nothing ill of the dead. That will be out of place at a condolence meeting =

ÅûªúÕ

Ç í∫çHµ-®Ωçí¬ Ö†o Ææçü¿-®Ωs¥ç™ î√™« ÅÆæç-ü¿®Ωs¥çí¬ ÖØ√o®·.

îªE-§Ú®·†¢√∞¡x†’ í∫’Jç* îÁúø’í¬ ´÷ö«x-úø-èπÿ-úøü¿’. Å™« ´÷ö«x-úøôç Ææçû√-°æ-Ææ-¶µº™ ÅÆæç-ü¿®Ωs¥çí¬ Öçô’çC.

c) Her black dress was out of place for the auspicious occasion = dress d) Your comments are out of place =

Ç ¨¡Ÿ¶µº Ææçü¿-®Ωs¥ç™ ÅÆæç-ü¿®Ωs¥çí¬ ÖçC. Ç¢Á’ †©x F ¢√uêu©’ Ææçü¿-®Ós¥-*ûªçí¬ ™‰´¤.

c) Would she take it amiss if I offered help =

؈’ Ææ£æ…ߪ’ç ÅçCÊÆh Ǣ˒´’Ø√o ŧƒ®Ωnç îËÆæ’èπ◊çô’çü∆?. amiss = ûª°æ¤p/ §Ò®Ω-§ƒô’ Something is amiss some where = áéπ\úÓ àüÓ §Ò®Ω-§ƒô’/ ûª°æ¤pçC. 5) What was the matter with him? Matter with (somebody) =

àçöÀ N≠æߪ’ç?

à¢Á’içC (á´-J-ÈéjØ√) a) What is the matter with the doctor? He doesn't want to treat patients any more = Doctor

à¢Á’içü∆ èπ◊? ®Óí∫’-™„´JF îª÷úø-†ç-ô’Ø√oúø’? (îª÷úø-èπÿ-úøü¿’ ņ’èπ◊çô’-Ø√oúø’)

b) ''Is anything the matter? You don't look all right" =

''à¢Á’iØ√ Å®·uçü∆?/ àçöÀ N≠æߪ’ç? ÆæJí¬ Ö†oô’x ™‰´¤?——

"Nothing's the matter. I'm perfectly OK" =

''àO’ 鬙‰ü¿’. ؈’ îªéπ\-í¬ØË ÖØ√o.—— Ñ matter ûÓ ´îËa expressions O™„j-†-°æ¤p-úø™«x ¢√úÕ, O’ conversation ™ ¶µ«í∫ç îËÆæ’-éÓçúÕ. 6) Mean well = Ææü¿’-üËl-¨¡çûÓØË ´÷ö«x-úøôç/ v°æ´-Jhç-îªúøç.

What was the matter with him?

Arogya: Don't worry. If the worst comes to the worst he will stop talking to you. You won't be the worse off for it after all.

(àç °∂æ®Ω-¢√-™‰-ü¿’™‰. Åçûªí¬ Å®·ûË à´’-´¤ûª’çC FûÓ ´÷ö«x-úøôç ´÷ØË-≤ƒhúø’. ÅçûËí∫ü∆? ü∆E-´©x FÍéç †≠ædç ï®Ω-í∫ü¿’.)

Look at the following expressions from the dialogue above: 1) Kundan made a fool of himself 2) ... by making jokes that were out of place 3) He wasn't aware that others were poking fun at him 4) I tried to warn him but he took it amiss 5) What was the matter with him? 6) ... you meant well 7) If the worst comes to worst

3) Poking fun at somebody =

b) You only make a fool of yourself if you interfere in the affairs of a husband a wife =

b) If you don't take me amiss, your attending the function is not good = function

Éûª-®Ω’-©†’ ÍíL-îËߪ’úøç/ Çô-°æ-öÀdç-îªúøç/ Å°æ£æ…Ææuç îËߪ’úøç.

a) Everyone was poking fun at his fatness =

Past Tense and Past Participle- meant (well) a) I meant well when I told him not to eat so much. He took it amiss and felt I was against his eating =

Åûª-úÕE ÅçûÁ-èπ◊\´ AØÌ-ü¿lE ؈’ Ææü¿’üËl-¨¡ç-ûÓØË ÅØ√o. Åûªúø’ ††’o ŧƒ®Ωnç îËÆæ’-èπ◊-Ø√oúø’, Åçü¿®Ω÷ ÅûªúÕ ™«´¤ Ø√ÍéüÓ Åûªúø’ A†úøç É≠ædç ™‰ü¿-†’-èπ◊E. í∫’Jç* áí∫-û√R îËÆæ’h-Ø√o®Ω’ b) When elders chide us they mean well = °ü¿lM.SURESAN (Ç Ææçü¿-®Ωs¥ç™) ¢√∞¡Ÿx ´’†Lo Ææü¿’-üËl-¨¡ç-ûÓØË (´’ç* éÓÆæ¢Ë’) ´’çü¿(ÅçûË™‰. ÅC ÆæÍ®-é¬F, ††’o F scooter L-≤ƒh®Ω’. chide = ´’çü¿-Lç-îªúøç/ éÓ°æp-úøôç .. b) Don't poke fun at his poor clothes = Åûª ú Õ O’ü¿ ÉçöÀ ü¿í∫_®Ω Cç°æ¢√?) îª ´ éπ •ôd © í∫ ’ Jç* Í í Lî Ë ß ª ’ èπ ◊ . 7) If the worst comes to the worst = Åü∑¿-´’-°æ-éπ~ç™/ Arogya: Not at all, though my scooter is not as 1) Made a fool of himself- Make a fool of oneï®Ω -í∫-èπÿ-úø-E-ü¿çô÷ ïJ-TûË/ £‘«Ø√A£‘«† °æéπ~ç™. c) Poking fun at others for whatever reason is self. Ééπ \ úø oneself •ü¿ ’ ©’ himself/ herself/ good as before I had it repaired. a) He is willing to join the army. He feels that if bad manners = à 鬮Ω ù ç´©x Ø Á j Ø √ Éûª ® Ω ’ ©†’ themselves etc.. àüÁ j Ø √ ¢√úÌîª ’ a. (àç °∂æ®Ω-¢√-™‰ü¿’/ ÅüËç ™‰ü¿’. Å®·ûË the worst comes to the worst, he will die = Çô°æ ö À d ç î ª ú ø ç îÁ ú ø ’ v°æ ´ ® Ω h Ø Ë . Make a fool of oneself = ¢Á v J¢ √∞ ¡ x ™ « éπ E °œ ç î ª ú ø ç scooter repair îË®·ç*† ûª®√yûª Åçûªèπ◊ ÂÆj†uç™ îËÍ®ç-ü¿’èπ◊ É≠æd-°æ-úø’-ûª’-Ø√o-úø-ûªúø’. ´’£æ… Éûª-®Ω’-©èπ◊. ´’† ´÷ô©, îËûª©´©x/ †´¤y© §ƒ©-´úøç. 4) Took it amiss = Past tense of take it amiss = ´·çü¿’†oçûª ¶«í¬™‰ü¿’.) Å®·ûË ûª†’ îªE-§Ú-û√-úøçûË éπü∆ ņ’-èπ◊ç-ô’-Ø√o-úø-ûªúø’. ŧƒ®Ω n ç îË Æ æ ’ é Ó´ úø ç . a) He made a fool of himself by talking about Iswarya: Then don't mind me. You just get b) If the worst comes to the worst, I may have a) Don't take me amiss, but you had better, things he did not know = ûª†èπ◊ ûÁLߪ’E N≠æalong. I'll walk home. to sell my property = ï®Ω-í∫-èπÿ-úø-E-ü¿çô÷ ïJ-TûË, wear better clothes = †’Nyçé¬ ´’ç* •ôd©’ ߪ ÷ © í∫ ’ Jç* ´÷ö«x ú Õ ûª † ûÁ L N û ª è π ◊ \´ û ª † ç (Å®·ûË †ØÌo-C-™„®·u. †’´¤y é¬Eß˝’. ؈’ ؈’ Ø√ ÇÆœhE Å´÷tLq ´Ææ’hç-üË¢Á÷! ¢ËÆæ’-èπ◊çõ‰ ´’ç*C. É™« ņoç-ü¿’èπ◊ ††o-§ƒ®Ωnç îª÷°œç--èπ◊-Ø√oúø’/ ¢ÁvJ-¢√-úÕ™« éπ†-°æ-ú≈fúø’/ †´¤y-©†úÕ* ¢Á∞¡û√ ÉçöÀéÀ.) c) She wants to marry anyone but him. If the îËÆæ’-éÓèπ◊/ à´’-†’-éÓèπ◊. §ƒ-©-ߪ÷uúø’. Iswarya: I understand that. By the way, (would you) mind dropping me at home on your scooter?

Arogya: No, No. I can still manage it. Don't worry.

(ÅüËç ™‰ü¿’. ؈’ ᙫíÓ™« E†’o BÆæ’-Èé-∞¡û√-†’™‰.) Q.

1. Fortune 500 companies, fortune 500 clients

OöÀ Å®Ωnç,

Ö°æßÁ÷í∫ç ûÁ©-°æçúÕ. 2. Maruthi Inc/ Bharathi Inc Inc

*´®Ω †’ ᙫ îªü¿-¢√L? DE Ö†o Å®Ωnç àN’öÀ?

3. Don't try to imitate your friends. Leave that to Daffy and Elmer. Daffy and Elmer

Ééπ\úø àN’öÀ? Ñ ¢√éπuç °æ‹Jh Å®Ωnç àN’öÀ?

Åçõ‰

4. A twitching rabbit is less likely to make it than a cool cucumber

Ñ ¢√é¬uEéÀ Å®Ωnç àN’öÀ? èπ◊ ûËú≈ àN’öÀ?Spoken v°æûËu-éπûª àN’öÀ? 6. Manners makesth a man Åçõ‰ à--N’öÀ? Makesth DEE ᙫ Öîªa-Jç-î√L? 7. ´’†Ææ’ îªçîª-©-¢Á’içC, ´’†-Ææ’ûÓ Ç™-*ç-îªèπ◊, ¢Á’ü¿-úø’ûÓ Ç™-*ç. -D-E-E ÉçTx-≠ˇ™ ᙫ îÁ§ƒpL? 5. Institute Academy English Academy

èπ◊

- Neena Nair, Hyderabad

¶µ«®√u-¶µº-®Ωh© N≠æ-ߪ÷™x éπLpç--èπ◊çõ‰ F ¢ÁvJ-ûª†¢Ë’ •ßª’-ô-°æ-úø’-ûª’çC/ ´‚®Ω’^-úÕ™« éπE-°œ-≤ƒh´¤. A.

1. Fortune magazine (companies)

ÅØËC äéπ American Magazine. v°æA Ææç´-ûªq®Ωç, ¢√u§ƒ®Ω ÆæçÆæn © ≤ƒç´-ûªq-Jéπ Å´’t-鬩 N©’´ (†í∫-ü¿’™) Çüµ∆®Ωçí¬ Åûªu-Cµéπ Å´’t-鬩’ îËÆœ íÌ°æp ™«¶µ«©’ í∫úÕçîË 500 ¢√u§ƒ®Ω ÆæçÆæn© ñ«Gû√ ûªßª÷®Ω’-îËÆœ v°æéπ-öÀÆæ’hçC. Ç ñ«G-û√™ îÓô’-îË-Ææ’èπ◊†o company ©†’ Fortune 500 company ©çö«®Ω’. Ç ñ«G-û√™ îË®Ω-í∫-©-í∫úøç äéπ ÆæçÆæn îËÊÆ Å´’t-鬩 N©’-´èπÿ, ûªü∆y®√ §ÒçüË ™«¶µ«-©èπ◊ äéπ Ææ÷*éπ. Ç ñ«G-û√™ îË®Ω-í∫-©-í∫úøç v°æA-≥ƒe-ûªtéπ N≠æߪ’ç.Å™« í∫’Jhç°æ¤ §ÒçüË Companies Fortune 500 Clients Å´¤-û√®·. 2. Maruti Inc/ Bharathi Inc- OöÀ™ x Inc= Incorporated = Ltd = Limited. -´’-† -üË-¨¡ç-™ Company Ê°®Ωx *´®Ω Ltd (Limited), America™ Inc (Incorporated) èπ◊ Ææ´÷†ç. Åç-õ‰ Ñ company © ÅCµ-é¬-®Ω’© ¶«üµ¿uûª °æJ-N’ûªç ÅE.Ñ

†’¢Ëy-´’-†’-éÓ-éπ-§ÚûË/ †’´¤y ††’o ŧƒ®Ωnç îËÆæ’-éÓ-éπ-§ÚûË, †’Oy èπ◊ ®√´ü¿’l (®√´úøç ´’ç*-C-é¬ü¿’).

3.

F ÊÆo£œ«-ûª’-©†’ ņ’-éπ-Jç-îª-´ü¿’l. (copy îËߪ’´ü¿’l). Ç °æE Daffy (´uéÀh Ê°®Ω’ 鬴a/ Fool ÅE Å®Ωnç ®√´îª’a), and Elmer (´uéÀh)èπÿ ´C™„ß˝’. Åçõ‰ ÉçéÌéπJE copy îËߪ’-úøç †’´¤y îËߪ’-ü¿-T† ´’ç* °æØËç é¬ü¿’ ÅE. 4. éπçí¬®Ω’ éπçí¬-®Ω’í¬ ÖçúË èπ◊çüË©’ éπçõ‰ àç xéπ∫-ü¿-©E (ÖvüË-éπ-°æ-úøE) üÓÆæé¬ßª’ †ßª’ç ÅE. English ™ as cool as cucumber Åçõ‰ àç ÖvüË-éπ-°æ-úø-èπ◊çú≈, Ææçߪ’-´’†ç éÓ™p-èπ◊çú≈ Öçúøôç. èπ◊çüË©’ üÓÆæ-é¬ßª’ éπçõ‰ N©’-¢ÁjçC. Å®·ûË éπçí¬®Ω’ éπçí¬®Ω’í¬ ÖçúË èπ◊çüË©’ éπçõ‰ ÖvüË-éπ-°æ-úøE üÓÆæ-é¬ßª’ (èπ◊çüË-©çûª N©’-´-™‰ü¿’) †ßª’ç ÅE. Åçõ‰ éπçí¬®Ω’í¬ ÖçúË-¢√-∞¡x-éπçõ‰ éπçí¬®Ω’ °æúøèπ◊çú≈ balanced í¬ ÖçúË-¢√∞¡Ÿx †ßª’´’E. 5. Institute - Nü¿u, ´%Ah, ´%Ahéπ´-Ææ-®Ω-¢Á’i† Péπ~ù«– É™«çöÀ ÖüËl-¨»©’†o ÆæçÆæn.

worst comes to the worst, she would remain unmarried =

ÅûªúÕE ûª°æp ÉçÈé´JØÁjØ√ °∞«x-ú≈-©†’-èπ◊ç-öçC. Åü∑¿-´’-°æ-éπ~ç™ ÅN-¢√-£œ«-ûª-í¬ØË ÖçúÕ§Ú-¢√-©-†’-èπ◊ç-öçC. Indian Institute of Sciences, Institute of Engineering and Technology, etc. Institution.

´·êuçí¬ ≤ƒçÍé-Aéπ Nü∆u ´%ûª’h-©èπ◊ Ææç•ç-Cµç-*† ÆæçÆæn

Academy-

àüÓ äéπ subject/ ®Ωçí∫ç™ v°æûËuéπ Péπ~ù ÉîËa/ v§Úûªq-£œ«çîË ÆæçÆæn/ éπ∞«-¨»©, etcAcademy of Arts/ Academy of music, etc. Spoken English Academy English

Åçõ‰ Ææ綵«-≠æ-ù™ Péπ~ù ÉîËa ÆæçÆæn ÅE. Å®·ûË Academy É™«çöÀ *†o *†o ¢√öÀéÀ ¢√úøôç ÆæJé¬ü¿’. î√™« v°æA-≥ƒe-ûªt-éπ-¢Á’i†, Ö†oûª v°æ´÷-ù«©’†o ÆæçÆæn†’ ´÷vûª¢Ë’ Academy Åçö«ç. 6. v°æ´-®Ωh† äéπ-JE ´’E-≠œí¬ îËÆæ’hç-ü¿E = ´’E≠œ íÌ°æpûª†ç ¢√J v°æ´-®Ωh-†-†’-•öÀd ÅE. Maketh- Old English for make. 7. Mind wavers; don't let your mind think, let your brains do it.

Spoken English -§ƒ-ûª -¢√u≤ƒ-©éÓÆæç -éÀxé˙ -îË-ߪ’ç-úÕ.. URL: http://www.eenadu.net/spoken/spoken.htm

í∫’®Ω’-¢√®Ωç 10 -V-™„j 2008

Ñ-Ø√-úø’ £j«-ü¿®√-¶«-ü˛

2

Åçõ‰ am/ is/ are/ was/ were ûÓ éπLÆœ à®ΩpúË verbs. OöÀéÀ ÖçúÌa/ ™‰éπ-§Ú-´îª’a. I am eating bread - Ééπ\úø am eating (verb)èπ◊ object bread She is running- Ééπ\úø verb is running èπ◊ object ™‰ü¿’.

2. 'Be' structure 'be' forms objects

™«çöÀ

Q.

1. I have been able to maintain regularity. passive voice tense

DEE

™ ᙫ ®√≤ƒh®Ω’. ÉC à ™ ÖçC? 2. Be structure Åçõ‰ à-N’öÀ? DE-ØÁ™« Ö°æ-ßÁ÷T-≤ƒh®Ω’? DE™ verb ™‰ü∆ object Öçö«ßª÷? 3. What is the difference between past continuous and past perfect continuous. 4. ''I go through fire and fire to enrich my english communication skills.''

-Å®Ωn-¢Ë’N’-öÀ?

- V. Pavankumar, Hyderabad

A.

1. The verb in the sentence is have been. This is a 'be' form and 'be' forms don't have passive voice. The tense of 'have been' is present perfect.

Q.

A.

éÀçC ¢√é¬u©’ ÆæÈ®j†¢ËØ√?

1. He paid a deaf ear to our instructions.

(Åûªúø’ í∫C-™éÀ ´*a-†-°æ¤púø’ ؈’

îª÷Ææ’h-Ø√o†’)

Past perfect continuous tense talks of an action that had started earlier than, and continued till another past action.

-Ñ -¢√éπuç

-Ççí∫x-¶µ«-≠æ-ù

- Y. Gayatri, Asifabad

5.

give the meanings and examples for the following words.

i) so well as ii) as much as

x) To be able to + V1 (i.e. to be able to solve)

M.SURESAN

¢Á·ü¿ô singular, plural Åçõ‰ ûÁ©’-Ææ’-éÓçúÕ. Singular (number) Åçõ‰ àéπ-´-ç, Åçõ‰ äéπJE, äéπ ´Ææ’h-´¤†’, äéπ-ü∆Eo í∫’Jç* îÁÊ°pC. Plural (number) = •£æ›-´-

4.

ïJ-Íí-ô-°æp-öÀéÀ Åûªúø’ ¢Ëí∫çûÓ †úø’¢Ëí∫ç °æ¤-ûª’-Ø√oúø’. (Åçûª-èπ◊-´·çüË Åçü¿’-èπ◊-Ø√oúø’.) Ø√ communication skills °ç-èπ◊-ØËç-ü¿’èπ◊ áçûª éπ≥ƒd-E-ÈéjØ√ Æœü¿l¥¢Ë’/ áçûÁjØ√ éπ≠d-°æ æ-úø-û√†’. 'go through fire' §ƒûª ¢√úø’éπ.

ç Åçõ‰ È®çúø÷, Åçûª éπçõ‰ singular (He, She, it) ûÓ II áèπ◊\-´†’ í∫’Jç* îÁÊ°pC. RDW (comes, goes, takes, does etc.) and 'has' ¢√úøû√ç. I Åçõ‰ ؈’ ÅE. ؈’ áçûª´’çC? äéπ\Í® éπü∆. Åçü¿’-éπE You-II person singular = I á°æ¤púø÷ singular- ü∆EûÓ ´îËa †’´¤yYou-II person plural = verbs singular í¬ØË Öçú≈L O’®Ω’. Å®·ûË, you †’ sinéπü∆. I RDWs (Go, come, gular (†’´¤y)í¬ ¢√úÕØ√ take etc.,) have, had, shall/ plural (O’®Ω’)í¬ ¢√úÕØ√ ü∆EûÓ ´îËa verb á°æ¤púø÷ will etc. + have etc., I person plural í¬ØË Öçô’çC. ÉC singular (I), I person plural ¶µ«≥ƒ ©éπ~ùç. (we) II person singular and plural (you), III person plural I ûÓ have ¢√úÕ-†çûª ´÷vû√† ÅC (they) ûÓ ¢√úøû√ç. III person plural é¬ü¿’. I á°æ¤púø÷ singular.

money I spent is equal to the money he spent.

(Åûªúø’

A†oçûª Ç¢Á’ A†-™‰ü¿’)

xiv) Commencement of xv) Request to/ Requested to

iv) Refer to =

Åçûª=

xii) As a result xiii) For the commencement of

xvi) Ward to attend - B. Ashok, Warangal

A. i) So

well as- an expression of comparison and saying that one thing is not equal to another.

No one can sing so well as SP = No one has the ability to sing like SP. SP can sing better than others. ii) As much as = such an amount/ quantity. I spent as much (money) as he did = The

He points to my mistakes always =

-Å-ûª-ØÁ°æ¤p-úø÷ Ø√ ûª°æ¤p©†’ îª÷°æ¤-û√úø’. Pointing to the car= Car

†’

îª÷°œÆæ÷h.

iii) So much of = such a quantity of/ such an amount that much of I don't have so much (of) money.= I don't have that much (of) money.

xi) Points to / pointing to

*†

™ ÖçC ™†÷ ÖçC. Å™«Íí èπÿú≈ Ö°æ-ßÁ÷-Tç-î√a? - N. Ashok, Khammam.

She cannot eat as much as he does.

ix) At which

°æ¤Ææh-é¬-©†’ v°æ-Jç-

I is singular or plural please clarify. IInd person you singular plural you I

b) He had been driving at 100 Kmph when the accident took place = Accident (II past action) 100 Kmph 100 Kmph

He points to my mistakes always

iii) So much of/ that much of iv) refer to v) of having vi) for having vii) with respect to viii) As we know that

Spoken English for you Publisher's address: Emerald Publishers, 15A First Floor, CASA Major Road, Egmore, Chennai 600008.

°∞¡x-ßË’uçûª ´®Ωèπ◊, (°∞¡x-®·çC í∫ûªç™) Ç¢Á’ í¬ °æE îË-≤ÚhçC. (°∞¡x-´éπ ´·çü¿’ v§ƒ®Ωç-¶µº¢Á’i, °Rx ´®Ωèπ◊ teacherí¬ °æE-îË-ÆœçC)

A.

-É-C

correct.

Because of the breach in the

Q.. Please

- S. Anil kumar, Potkapalli

a) She had been working as a teacher till she got married = (II Past action) teacher

476

sluice the tank has been emptied of water.

≤ƒ´÷-†uçí¬ é¬Ææh ñ«ví∫-ûªhí¬ English ´÷ö«x-úË¢√∞¡Ÿx due to ûÓ sentence v§ƒ®ΩçGµç-Ω’. Owing to/ because of ûÓ begin îË≤ƒh®Ω’. Ñ sentence †’ É™« correct îËßÁ·îª’a.

5. He comes once in a blue moon.

°æ¤Ææhéπç ´÷ v§ƒçûªç™ ©Gµç-îªúøç ™‰ü¿’. ü¿ßª’-îËÆœ °æGx-≠æ®˝q ÅvúøÆˇ ûÁL-ߪ’-ñ‰-ߪ’çúÕ.

tinuous (had been + ...ing).

Q.

1. correct

4.

4. Due to breach of sluice the water in the tank go out and tank become fallow/ vacant.

Spoken English for you

í∫ûªç™ È®çúø’ °æ†’™x äéπöÀ ´·çüË v§ƒ®Ωç-¶µº¢Á’i È®çúÓ °æE ´®Ωèπÿ é̆-≤ƒ-TûË -Å-C past perfect con-

3. correct

3. You are my well wisher.

A.

When he entered the room, I was watching the TV = At the time of his entering the room, I was watching. The action of 'watching' was going on. TV

2. Many a time (not many times)

2. Many a times I told you to work properly.

Q.

3. Past continuous (was/ were + ...ing) talks of an action, continuing at a point of time in the past.

Åçûª úø•’s (üËE-ÈéjØ√ 鬴-©Æœ-†çûª úø•’s) Ø√ü¿-í∫_-®Ω-™‰ü¿’= v°æ≤ƒh-Nç-îªúøç=

Talk about.

a) The CM always refers to the achievements of his government = CM

á°æ¤púø÷ ûª† v°æ¶µº’ûªyç ≤ƒCµç-*† ¢√öÀ í∫’Jç* v°æ≤ƒh-N-Ææ’hçö«®Ω’. v) Of having = éπLT Öçúøôç. He is proud of having such a car= Å™«çöÀ car Ö†oç-ü¿’-éπ-ûªúø’ í∫®Ωy-°æ-úø-û√úø’. vi) For having= éπLT Ö†oç-ü¿’èπ◊/ Ö†oç-ü¿’èπ◊ I envy him for having such a house = Å™«çöÀ

Q.

éÀçC ¢√é¬u-©†’ ÉçTx-≠ˇ™ -à-´’-Ø√-™ -ûÁ-L-ߪ’-ñ‰-ߪ’-í∫-©®Ω’. 1. á) WØ˛™ ´®√{©’ °æúø-û√®·. G) ¶«uçé˙™ îÁé˙ ï´’-îË-¨»†’. (¶«uçé˙™E Ø√ áéıç-ö¸™ ÅØË Å®ΩnçûÓ) Æœ) áçúø©’ ¶«í¬ ´·C-®√®· úÕ) áçúø™ ØËØÁ-éπ\-úøèπÿ ®√†’. É) Åéπ\úø ÇT† •Ææ’q™ Éü¿l®Ω’ áé¬\®Ω’, ´·í∫’_®Ω’ Cí¬®Ω’. á°∂ˇ) Çö©’ áéπ\-èπÿ-úøü¿’ >) ûª© •ßª’ô°ôdèπ◊ £«î˝) ´’†ç ûª®√yA ÊÆb->™ Cí∫’û√ç 2. 3 day orientation programme on teaching English. Two thousand only.

É©’x Åûª-úÕéÀ Ö†oç-ü¿’èπ◊ Ø√èπ◊ Ñ®Ω{uí¬ ÖçC. vii) with respect to = ü∆EE í∫’Jç*/ Ç N≠æ-ߪ÷-EéÌÊÆh. With respect to your abilities, they are not suitable for the job = (F -¨¡éÀh ≤ƒ-´’®√n u-© N-≠æ-ߪ÷-EéÀ -´ÊÆh, -Å-N Ç -Ö-üÓuí¬--EéÀ Ææ-J-§Ú-´¤) viii) As we know that = ÅC ´’†èπ◊ ûÁL-Ææ’ç-úøôç´©x/ ÅC ´’†èπ◊ ûÁ©’Ææ’ é¬•öÀd. As we know that he is here, let us consult him= Å-ûª-úø’ -Ééπ\-úø -Ö-Ø√oúø-E ûÁ-LÆœ-†ç-ü¿’-´-©x -´’-†ç -Å-ûª-úÕ-E Ææç-v°æ-C-ü∆lç. ix) At which= ü∆E O’ü¿ô. He said something at which she was angry= Åûª-úø’ àüÓ ÅØ√oúø’, Å-C Ç¢Á’èπ◊ éÓ°æç ûÁ°œpç-*çC. x) To be able to do/ understand etc., = îËߪ’-í∫-©í∫úøç. She is able to walk now = Ç¢Á’ †úø-´-í∫-©’-í∫’ûÓçC°æ¤p-úø’. To be able to solve = °æJ-≠æ \-Jç--îª-í∫-©-í∫úøç. xi) Points to / pointing to = îª ÷°æ¤-ûª ’-Ø√o®Ω’/ îª÷°œÆæ÷h.

Ñ È®çúø’ ¢√é¬u™xE day, thousand ÅØË °æü∆-©†’ plural ™ days, thousands ÅE áçü¿’èπ◊ ®√ߪ’-èπÿ-úøü¿’? - G. Vishal, Karimnagar A. 1. a) It rains in June b) I credited the cheque into my account in the bank c) The sun has got/ become very hot d) I don't go out in the (hot) sun e) Three got down from and two got into the bus that stopped there. f) We shouldn't get into autos. g) Don't keep your head out h) We get down at the next stage. 2.

ÅC ¢√úø’éπ

(usage)

鬕öÀd.

Q. 1. 2.

xii) As a result = Ç °∂æL-ûªçí¬. He wasted time, as a result he failed = Åûªúø’ time waste î˨»úø’. ü∆E °∂æL-ûªçí¬

Åûªúø’ ûª§ƒpúø’. xiii) For the commencement of = We are waiting for the commencement of the programme.

ü∆-E v§ƒ®Ωç-¶µ«-

EéÀ.

鬮Ωu-véπ´’ç v§ƒ®Ωç-¶µ«-EéÀ ¢Ë’-´· áü¿’-®Ω’-îª÷-Ææ’hØ√oç. xiv) Commencement of = v§ƒ®Ω綵ºç, The commencement of that programme depends on the arrival of the Chief guest =

鬮Ωu-véπ-´’ç -v§ƒ®Ωç-¶µºç é¬-´-úøç -Å-ØË-C -´·-êu -Å-A-C∑ ®√-´-úøç -O’-ü¿ -Ç-üµ∆®Ω°æ-úÕ -Öç-ô’ç-C. xv) Request to= (äéπ-JéÀ) Ŷµºu-®Ωn†. He made a request to us to help him. (Ææ£æ…-ߪ’ç éÓÆæç Ŷµºu-Jnç-î√úø’) Requested to Å-ØË -v°æ-ßÁ÷í∫ç ™‰-ü¿’. xvi) Ward to attend îª÷Ææ’-éÓ-¢√-Lq† °œ©x/ °œ©x-¢√úø’. I have a ward to attend to = ؈’ îª÷Ææ’-éÓ-¢√Lq† °œ©x/ °œ©x-¢√úø’ ÖØ√o®Ω’. Ward = äéπJ Ææç®Ω-éπ~-ù™ Ö†o-¢√∞¡Ÿx.

Made of, made from

OöÀ Ö°æ-ßÁ÷í∫ç™ ûËú≈--©’ ûÁ©’-°æ-í∫-©®Ω’. °çèπ◊©’ (ÉçöÀ °jéπ-°æ¤p-O’ü¿ ¢√úËN), éÌçîÁç °ü¿lí¬ÖçúË •çí∫-∞«-°ç-èπ◊©’– Ñ È®çúÕç-öÀéÀ äÍé °æü¿ç Öçü∆? ™‰ü∆ ¢ËÍ®y-®Ω’í¬ °œ©’-≤ƒh®√?

- Pavani, Sudha, Matsyapuri (W.G.Dt)

A. 1.

äéπ ´Ææ’h´¤ ûªßª÷-È®j† ûª®√yûª èπÿú≈ Åçü¿’èπ◊ ¢√úÕ† ´·úÕ-°æ-ü∆®Ωnç éπE-°œ-Ææ’hçõ‰ ÅC made of.

Tables are made of wood = Tables

îÁéπ\ûÓ ûªßª÷-®Ω’-îË-ߪ’-•-úø-û√®·. (´÷-´‚©’ ûÁ©’í∫’– îÁéπ\ûÓ ûªßª÷-®Ω-´¤û√®·) Tables ûªßª÷-È®j† ûª®√yûª èπÿú≈

îÁéπ\ éπE-°œ-Ææ’hç-ô’çC. Å™« é¬èπ◊çú≈ ûªßª÷-È®j† ´Ææ’h-´¤™ ü∆E ´·úÕ-Ææ-®Ω’-èπ◊©’ éπ†-°æ-úø-éπ-§ÚûË ÅC made from. Paper is made from bamboo pulp=

é¬Tûªç ¢Áü¿’®Ω’ í∫’Vb-™ ç* ûªßª÷®Ω’ îËߪ’-•-úø’-ûª’çC. (ûªßª÷-®Ω-´¤ûª’çC). Paper ™ ¢Áü¿’-®Ω’-í∫’Vb éπE-°œçîªü¿’. 2. °çèπ◊èπ◊ English, tile - à ®Ωéπ-¢Á’i† °çéπ-®·Ø√. A tiled house = °çèπ◊-öÀ©’x. ´’†ç •çí∫-∞«-°çèπ◊©’ ÅØËN ´’çí∫’∞¡⁄®Ω’ (éπ®√g-ôéπ) °çèπ◊©’ – Mangalore tiles. •çí∫-∞«-°ç-èπ◊©’ ÅØË-´÷ô ᙫ ´*açüÓ ûÁL-ߪ’ü¿’.

Spoken English -§ƒ-ûª -¢√u≤ƒ-©éÓÆæç -éÀxé˙ -îË-ߪ’ç-úÕ.. URL: http://www.eenadu.net/spoken/spoken.htm

-Ç-C-¢√®Ωç 13 -V-™„j 2008-

Ñ-Ø√-úø’ £j«-ü¿®√-¶«-ü˛ 6. 7.

2

Ø√Èéç-ü¿’éÓ ÅßÁ÷-´’-ߪ’çí¬ ÖçC. ¶µº´-Ø√-©èπ◊ Ö°æ-ßÁ÷-TçîË ÜÆæ-©†’ ÉçTx-≠ˇ™ à´’ç-ö«®Ω’? - L. Nookaraju, Narsipatnam

A. Q.

1.

Ææ÷\-©’ ´®˝\-•’-é˙™ É*a† Dictionary áéπq-®˝ÂÆj-ñ¸ í∫’-Jç-* Ææ’-©-¶µºçí¬ -N-´-Jç-îªí∫-©®Ω’. Dictionary ™ confuse †’ ¢Áûª’-èπ◊-ûª’çõ‰ ´·ç-ü¿’, ¢Á†éπ Ê°@--™x constable/ content †’ îª÷≤ƒhç. OöÀ™ head word †’ ᙫ í∫’Jhç-î√L? É™«çöÀ áéπq-®˝-ÂÆj-ñ¸-©†’ ᙫ §∂ƒ™ 鬢√L?

- G.Shankar, Keshavapatnam

A.

-îË-ôèπ◊ v°æûËu-éπ-¢Á’i† ´÷ô ™‰ü¿’. Winnowing (îÁJÍí, ûª÷®√p-®Ω-¶ÊÆ) tray ÅØÌa. 2. - ´·ç-ûª, -îÁç-• ’– È®çúÕç-öÀéÀ ewer. ÉC É°æ¤púøçûªí¬ English ™ ¢√úø-ôç-™‰ü¿’. 3. È®çúø÷ ÆæÈ®j-†¢Ë. 4. Both are correct. 5. I can't hit/ strike/ fight anyone. I don't have the strength.

2. I am having good books, Ramu is having a big top-

Ñ ûª®Ω£æ… ¢√é¬u-©†’ éÌEo ÉçTx≠ˇ °æ¤Ææh-é¬-©™ îª÷Ææ’hçö«ç. OöÀ ¢√úø’éπ í∫’Jç* ûÁL-ߪ’-ñ‰-ߪ’í∫-©®Ω’.

1.

6. I am confused; I don't know why. 7. Rods

Q.

1. In this exercise the student is to say whether the word 'confuse' is found a) On the same page as the head words (words at the left and the right top corner of the page in the dictionary) are found, b) On a page, after the head words page, or c) on a page before the head words page. In the alphabetical order, 'confuse' comes much earlier than 'constable' and 'content', so the answer is c. In confuse, f comes after n, whereas in 'constable' and 'content' 's' and 't' follow con; 's' and 't' come much later than f.

1. Rather, Rather than differences

ÅØË °æü∆-©èπ◊ Å®Ωnç äéπ-õ‰Ø√? OöÀ †’ îÁ°æpçúÕ. 2. Wedge Åçõ‰ àN’öÀ? 3. Monopthong Åçõ‰ àN’öÀ? DEéÀ Öü∆-£æ«-®Ωù É´yçúÕ. 4. as well as Åçõ‰ àN’öÀ? 5. äé𠶄ç*™ Éü¿l®Ω’ èπÿ®Óa-´-ú≈-EéÀ Ææn©ç ÆæJ-§Úûª’çC. Å®·ûË Åçü¿’™ †©’-í∫’-®Ω’ É®Ω’-èπ◊\E èπÿ®Ω’a-Ø√o®Ω’. ´’J Ééπ\úø É®Ω’-èπ◊í¬ ÖçC ņ-ú≈EéÀ conjusted í¬ ÖçC Å-ØÌî√a?

-Ççí∫x-¶µ«-≠æ-ù

2. 'Am having' and 'is having' in these sentences are wrong. Correct sentences: I have good books and Ramu has a big top.

Q.

To whom are you talking?, Who are you talking to?

A.

477

1.

v¨¡´’-™ E å†o-û√uEo dignity of labour Åçö«ç. ´’† °æE ´’†ç îËÆæ’-éÓ-´úøç, ÅC ´’† '°æ®Ω’-´¤èπ◊ ™°æç— Å†’-éÓ-èπ◊çú≈. ´’† É©’x ´’†ç Üúø’a-éÓ-´úøç, ´’† •®Ω’´¤©’ ´’†¢Ë’ ¢Á÷ߪ’úøç, ´’† ´Ææ’h-´¤©’ ´’†¢Ë’ ¨¡Ÿv¶µºç îËÆæ’-éÓ-´úøç. Éûª®Ω’-©ûÓ, èπÿL-¢√∞¡xûÓ îË®·ç-îª-èπ◊çú≈ á´-J-°æE ¢√®Ω’ îËÆæ’-éÓ-´úøç, °æ®Ω’´¤ ûªèπ◊\´, v°æA-≠æeèπ◊ ¶µºçí∫ç ņ’-éÓ-èπ◊çú≈ – ÅC dignity of labour. 2. Off ÅØËC, verb é¬ü¿’. ÅC past tense ÅßË’u v°æ¨¡o-™‰ü¿’. éπ†’éπ Switched off (Past tense of switch off) = D§ƒ©’ ÇÍ®p-¨»®Ω’. Switch off (Present tense)- ÇJp-¢Ë®·/ ÇÍ®p-≤ƒh®Ω’. They switch off lights by ten = °æC-éπ™«x D§ƒ-™«-Í®p≤ƒh®Ω’.

- P. Krishna Murthy, Secunderabad.

¢√u´£æ…-Jéπç.

™ ÉC ¢√úø’éπ.

(Å™«çöÀüËç îËßÁ·ü¿’l) ÅE ņúøç éπçõ‰ í∫öÀdí¬ îÁ°æpúøç. îÁ°æpúøç, ûÁ©’-í∫’™ ÅØË-ô-°æ¤púø’ practice/ practise àü¿®·Ø√ °∂æ®√y-™‰ü¿’. Practice îËߪ’çúÕ = Ŷµ«uÆæç îËߪ’çúÕ. Practise îËߪ’çúÕ = Ŷµºu-Æœç-îªçúÕ. Prepone, English ™ ™‰ü¿’– English ´÷ûª%¶µ«-≠æí¬ éπ©-¢√-JéÀC Å®Ωnç-é¬ü¿’. Q. 1. Éçöx Ö°æ-ßÁ÷-TçîË îËô†’ ÉçTx-≠ˇ™ à´’ç-ö«®Ω’? 2. ´·çûª†’ Ewer, ´’J îÁç•’†’ à´’ç-ö«®Ω’? Ñ È®çúÕçöÀ ´’üµ¿u ûËú≈†’ ûÁ©-°æçúÕ? 3. wúÁj´®˝ •Ææ’q áèπ◊\-ûª’-Ø√oúø’. The driver is getting into the bus- The driver is boarding the bus.

àC éπÈ®éÓd îÁ°æpí∫-©®Ω’. ؈’ •Ææ’q Cí¬†’. I got down the bus, I get off the bus- àC éπÈ®èπ◊d? 5. ØËØÁ-´-JF éÌôd-™‰†’. Ø√èπ◊ Åçûª •©ç ™‰ü¿’.

Q.

1. ¶µ«≠æ, v§ƒçû√-©-†’•öÀd Öî√a-®Ωù ´÷®Ω’-ûª’çô’çC éπü∆! ´÷ûª%-¶µ«-≠憒 Åéπ~-®√-Ææ’u©’, E®Ω-éπ~-®√-Ææ’u©’ ´÷ö«x-úÕ-†-°æ¤púø’ ¶µ‰ü¿ç éπE-°œÆæ’hçC. E®Ω-éπ~-®√-Ææ’u©’ ´÷ö«x-úÕ-†-°æ¤púø’ Parts of

ÅØËC ᙫ ¢√ú≈L? ü∆E Å®Ωnç àN’öÀ? Ñ È®çúø’ °æü∆-©èπ◊ Å®Ωnç äéπ-õ‰Ø√? OöÀE ᙫ Ö°æ-ßÁ÷-Tç-î√L? 8. non, none ©†’ ᙫ °æ©-é¬L?

™, ´·êuçí¬ ¢√úË-îÓô ¢√úø’-

Don't you worry, Spoken English Don't you worry, Don't you do any thing of the sort you don't ...

4.

- DSR Murthy, Hyderabad

7. Unless, although

To whom are you talking= Who are you talking to. Present day English Spoken English whom who 'To whom are you talking?' correct

ûª’-Ø√o®Ω’. Å®·-†-°æp-öÀéÃ, É°æ¤púø’ ¢√úø’-éπ™ ™‰ü¿’. Åûªúø’ á´JûÓ ´÷ö«x-úø’-ûª’-Ø√oúø’? = Who is he talking to? (To whom is he talking é¬ü¿’). Was/ is Ææçü¿®√s¥Eo •öÀd ¢√úø-û√ç-éπü∆? Q. Don't you worry àç ¶«üµ¿-°æ-úøèπ◊ ÅE Åçô’Ø√o®Ω’. é¬F You don't worry ÅE Öçú≈L éπü∆? Å™«Íí Practise îËߪ’çúÕ. Practice îËߪ’çúÕ àC éπÈ®é˙d? Postpone èπ◊ opposite advance éπÈ®-ÍédØ√? prepone ¢√úø-èπÿ-úøü¿’ éπü∆. ´’J -éÌEo úÕéπ{-†-K-©™ prepone ÖçöçC. áçü¿’èπ◊? A.

usage (¢√úø’éπ), and Idiom (Ø√†’úÕ), ÅçûË-é¬èπ◊çú≈ ¢√∞¡x Öî√a-®Ωù Å®Ωnç îËÆæ’-éÓ-í∫-©-í∫úøç. DEéÀ English news telecasts O™„j-†ç-ûªí¬ N†úøç ´’ç* ´÷®Ω_ç. 2. Leaving no stone unturned = ¨»ßª’-¨¡-èπ◊h™« éπ%≠œ-îË-ߪ’úøç/ à Nüµ¿-¢Á’i† v°æߪ’-ûªo´‚ ´ü¿-©èπ◊çú≈ îËߪ’úøç.

Åçõ‰ Å®Ωnç àN’öÀ? àßË’ Ææçü¿-®√s¥-©™ DE-E ¢√úø-û√®Ω’? 2. Switched off ņúøç ûª°æ¤p-éπü∆! È®çúø’ Past tense ©’ ¢√-úÌî√a? Switched ÅØ√™«? Switch off ÅØ√™«? àC éπÈ®é˙d?

6. To be

- D. Sailaja, Adoni.

™

1. Dignity of labour

I will leave no stone unturned to have a house of my own =

Ø√ ≤Òçûª ÉçöÀE §ÒçüËçü¿’èπ◊ ÅEo Nüµ∆™« v°æߪ’Ao≤ƒh†’. Q.

1. I saw him at the zoo. I happened to see him at the zoo.

Ñ È®çúø’ ¢√é¬u© Å®Ωnç – ؈’ Åûª-úÕE W ´ü¿l îª÷¨»†’. é¬F ¢√éπu E®√t-ùç™ ´÷®Ω’p ´*açC. à °æJ-Æœn-A™ happened + to + v1 Ö°æ-ßÁ÷-T≤ƒhç?

2. The news had spread around IndiaThe news had spread through out India. The news had spread across India.

Ñ ´‚úø’ ¢√é¬u© ´’üµ¿u ¶µ‰ü¿ç àN’öÀ? 3. He went to pushkarghat to have a holy dip. He went to pushkarghat to be taken a holy dip. to have to be

They switch of f lights by ten

OöÀ Å®√n©’ ûÁ©-°æçúÕ. äéπ-ü∆EéÀ •ü¿’©’ ´’®Ì-éπöÀ Ö°æ-ßÁ÷-Tç-îª-´î√a? A.

Q.

- E. Lilly, Gooty

A.

1. Rather, Rather than

í∫’Jç* Éçûª-èπ◊-´·çü¿’ î√™«-≤ƒ®Ω’x N´-Jçî√ç. Ñ ´’üµ¿u-èπÿú≈ ã≤ƒJ N´-Jçî√ç. îª÷úøçúÕ. 2. °ü¿l °ü¿l ü¿’çí∫-©†’, éÌçûª éÓÆœ ´C-L-°-õ‰d´·çü¿’, Ç
M.SURESAN

Prepositions Åv°æ-ߪ’-ûªoçí¬ ¢√J ´÷ô© ü∆y®√ Åéπ~-®√-Ææ’u-©èπ◊ ûÁ©’-Ææ’hçC. é¬F ¢√öÀ N≠æߪ’ç E®Ωéπ~-®√-Ææ’u-©èπ◊ ûÁL-ߪ’ü¿’. ¢√®Ω’ ¶µ«≠憒 ´÷ö«x-úø-í∫©®Ω’. ÇçÍíx-ߪ·-©™ E®Ω-éπ~-®√-Ææ’u©’ Öçö«®Ω’ éπü∆! ´’J ¢√®Ω’ ÉçTx-≠ˇ†’ îªéπ\í¬ ´÷ö«x-úø-û√®Ω’. Å™«ç-öÀC ´’†ç ÉçTx-≠ˇ™ ¢√uéπ-®Ωù N≠æ-ߪ÷-©Fo ûÁL-ÆœØ√ Ççí∫x-¶µ«-≠憒 ņ-®Ω_-∞¡çí¬ ´÷ö«x-úø-™‰éπ §Úûª’Ø√oç. äéπ ÇçÍíx-ߪ·úø’ ´’†ûÓ ¶µ«≠œç-*-†°æ¤púø’ ÅûªE ¶µ«≠憒 ´’†ç Å®Ωnç îËÆæ’-éÓ-™‰-éπ-§Ú´îª’a. DEE ÅCµ-í∫-N’ç-îª-ú≈-EéÀ àçîË-ߪ÷L? 2. Leaving no stone unturned ÅØË phrase Å®Ωnç, ü∆E v°æßÁ÷í∫ç í∫’-Jç-* -N-´-Jç-îªí∫-©®Ω’.

Vijayawada as well as Guntur is hot during the summer=

Nï-ߪ’-¢√úø, í∫’çô÷®Ω’ Ñ È®çúø÷∞¡⁄x/ Nï-ߪ’-¢√úË é¬èπ◊çú≈ í∫’çô÷®Ω’ èπÿú≈ ¢ËÆæ-N™ ¶«í¬ ¢ËúÕí¬ Öçö«®·. 5. Cramped Åçö«ç. Congested Åçõ‰ ï†-Ææ´’t®Ωnç, É®Ω’-éÀ-®Ω’-èπ◊í¬ Ö†o v°æüË-¨»©’, †í∫-®√©’. Benches ™«çöÀ ¢√öÀéÀ ¢√úøç. Room (í∫ü¿’©èπ◊) ¢√úøû√ç. ï†ç áèπ◊\-´í¬ ÖçúÕ Åçü¿-JéÀ ÆæJ-§ÚE í∫C. 6. to be = Öçúøôç. To be here is dangerous= Ééπ\úø Öçúøôç v°æ´÷-ü¿-éπ®Ωç. 7. unless = Å®·ûË ûª°æp: Although = though = even though = Å®·-†-°æp-öÀéÃ. OöÀ í∫’Jç* î√-™«≤ƒ®Ω’x N´-Jçî√ç. îª÷úøçúÕ. 8. Non- Ø√Ø˛– (Ø√ ´’K D®Ω`ç-é¬ü¿’) None - †Ø˛

the speech, Tenses, Degree of Comparison,

- Gopinath, Amudalavalasa.

A.

1.

E®Ω-éπ~-®√-Ææ’u-©’-èπÿú≈, grammar ™ ñ«c†ç™‰èπ◊çú≈, ûª´’ ´÷ûª%-¶µ«-≠憒 correct í¬ØË ´÷ö«x-úø-û√®Ω’ éπü∆. ¢√∞¡xèπ◊ parts of speech ™«çöÀN ûÁL-ߪ’éπ-§Ú-®·Ø√ ¢√∞¡x ¶µ«≠憒 ´’†ç ûª°æ¤p °æôd-™‰çéπü∆? DE-´©x, äé𠶵«≠æ ´÷ö«x-úËç-ü¿’èπ◊ knowledge of grammar Å´-Ææ®Ωç ™‰ü¿E ûÁ©’-≤ÚhçC éπü∆? ¶µ«≠æ ´÷ö«x-úø-í∫-L-Ííç-ü¿’èπ◊ grammar Å´Ææ®Ωç é¬ü¿’. Regular practice. North India ™E ûÁ©’-í∫’-¢√∞¡Ÿx £œ«çD îªéπ\í¬ ´÷ö«x-úø-í∫-©®Ω’. é¬F £œ«çC grammar ¢√∞¡xèπ◊ ûÁ©’≤ƒ? ´÷ö«x-úøôç-´©x, Éûª-®Ω’©’ ´÷ö«x-úø’-ûª’-†o-°æ¤púø’ N†-úøç-´©x, ¶µ«≠æ ûªy®Ωí¬ ´Ææ’hçC. English èπÿú≈ ÅçûË. English ¢√∞¡x English Å®Ωnç îËÆæ’-èπ◊-ØËç-ü¿’èπ◊, knowledge of grammar Åçûªí¬ Å´-Ææ®Ωç ™‰ü¿’. English ™E ´÷ô©’ (vocabulary),

A.

•ü¿’©’ ßÁ÷-Tç-îª-´î√a?

Ö°æ-

- K. Srinivasa Rao, Darsi

1. a) I saw him at the zoo =

™ éπ-E-°œç-î√úø’/ ؈-ûª-úÕE

Åûªúø’ Ø√èπ◊ zoo ™ îª÷¨»†’.

zoo

b) I happened to see him at the zoo = zoo Zoo

؈-ûª-úÕE ™ îª÷úøôç ûªô-Æœnç-*çC/ ™ Åûªúø’ Ø√èπ◊ ûªô-Ææn-°æ-ú≈fúø’. a) ™ ؈-ûª-úÕE éπ©’-Ææ’-èπ◊-Ø√o†’ ÅØË ¶µ«´ç Ææ’p¥JÆæ’hçC. b) ™EC ņ’éÓE Ææç°∂æ’-ô†. 2. Ñ ´‚úÕçöx, The news had spread across India, correct. N’í∫û√ È®çúø÷ ÆæJ-é¬ü¿’. Å®Ωnç – Ñ ¢√®Ωh ¶µ«®Ωû˝ Åçû√ ¢√u°œç-*çC. 3. Åûªúø’ °æNvûª ≤ƒo†ç-éÓÆæç °æ¤≠æ \®Ω °∂æ’ö«d-EéÀ ¢Á∞«xúø’. Ñ Å®ΩnçûÓ Ñ sentence ™ to have, correct. To be taken a holy dip – DE-éπ-®Ωn癉ü¿’. ÉC ûª°æ¤p, to have •ü¿’©’ ÉC ¢√úø-èπÿúøü¿’. Q. Simple Present tense ™ Subject Singular í¬ Öçõ‰ Verb èπ◊ s îË®√aL. ™‰ü∆ Subject Plural í¬ Öçõ‰ Verb èπ◊ s îË®Ωa-†-´-Ææ-®Ωç-™‰ü¿’. cut (v1) - cut (v2) - cut (v3) - cutting (v4) – DEE í∫´’EÊÆh v1, v2, v3 ©’ äÍé Nüµ¿çí¬ ÖØ√o®·. É™«çöÀ Verbs †’ à´’ç-ö«®Ω’. Ñ Nüµ¿-¢Á’i† Verbs †’ Ö°æßÁ÷-Tç* Simple present tense ™ He cuts trees, They cut trees Å®·ûË, Ñ Verb †’ Ö°æßÁ÷-Tç* °j ¢√é¬uEo Simple Past ™ à Nüµ¿çí¬ ®√ߪ÷L? - B.Raghu, Godasalapalli

A.

ÉN

Regular/ weak verbs.

He cuts trees - simple past They cut trees = simple past ple present time expressions tense/ present tense

¢√úË

ÉC 鬢Ìa, simèπÿú≈ 鬢Ìa. É™«ç-ô-°æ¤púø’ ´’†ç †’ Ææçü¿-®√s¥-Eo-•öÀd past ÅØËC ûÁ©’-Ææ’-éÓ-í∫©ç.

They cut trees here every day (simple present) They cut the trees here last week (simple past)

Spoken English -§ƒ-ûª -¢√u≤ƒ-©éÓÆæç -éÀxé˙ -îË-ߪ’ç-úÕ.. URL: http://www.eenadu.net/spoken/spoken.htm

-´’çí∫-∞¡-¢√®Ωç 15 -V-™„j 2008Mohit:

Ñ-Ø√-úø’ £j«-ü¿®√-¶«-ü˛

It is surprising. I haven't seen you for days. What's the matter?

Mohit:

(Ǩ¡a®Ωuç. éÌCl-®Ó-V-©’í¬ †’´¤y Ø√èπ◊ éπE°œç‰ü¿’. àçöÀ N≠æߪ’ç?)

Sobhan: Well, let me try.

Sobhan: You know very well that I signed up for the personality development programme, don't you? It was a three day programme which ended yesterday.

2

I speak from experience.

(Ø√ ņ’-¶µº-´çûÓ Øˆ™« ´÷ö«x-úø’-ûª’Ø√o) (††’o v°æߪ’-Aoç-îªF) Mohit:

Do it and wish you all success.

(é¬Eß˝’, Fèπ◊ Nïߪ’ç îËèπÿ®√©ØË Ø√ éÓJéπ) Daily life situations ™ ¢√úË very common (؈’ ´uéÀhûªy Né¬Ææç course ™ îË®√-†E expressions îª÷Ææ’hØ√oç éπü∆. ÅN ´’† Spoken ûÁ©’-Ææ’-éπü∆? ÅC ´‚úø’ ®ÓV© 鬮Ωu-véπ´’ç. English î√™« Ææ®Ω-∞¡çí¬ î√™« Ææ£æ«-ïçí¬ ÖçúËô’x îË≤ƒh®·. ´’J-éÌEo expressions É°æ¤púø’ îª÷ü∆lç. E†oØË °æ‹®Ωh-®·uçC.)

Mohit:

(Do) you feel you are benefited from it?

1) You know very well that I signed up for a personality development course, don't you?

(ü∆E-´©x ™«¶µºç §ÒçC-†ô’d Féπ-E-°œ-≤Úhçü∆?)

2) It pays to attend courses like that

Sobhan: Certainly. It pays to attend courses like that.

3) I found that what they teach us don't work in real life situations.

(ûª°æp-èπ◊çú≈. Å™«çöÀ courses BÆæ’-éÓ´úøç´©x éπ*a-ûªçí¬ v°æßÁ÷-ï†ç Öçô’çC.)

4) Theory is one thing and practice is quite another.

Mohit:

I attended two such courses. I've found that what they teach us in them do not work in real life situations.

5) You still have a negative attitude

(Å™«çöÀ courses ؈’ È®çúø’-≤ƒ®Ω’x BÆæ’èπ◊Ø√o. ¢√öÀ™x îÁÊ°p-ü¿çû√ Eï @N-ûªç™ °æE-îË-ߪ’-ü¿E Ø√éπ-E-°œ-≤ÚhçC.)

-Ççí∫x-¶µ«-≠æ-ù

Sobhan: I've yet to see. It's only yesterday that the course was completed. I have to try it in my daily life situations.

2) It pays =

ü∆E-´©x v°æßÁ÷-ï†ç Öçô’çC.

a) It pays to improve your communication skills = Communication skills

DEéà ü∆Eéà î√™« ûËú≈ ÖçC.

°ç§Òç-Cç--éÓ-

a) Being interested in politics is one thing and taking part in active politics is another =

b) Connections with those in high positions certainly pay=

®√ï-éÃ-ߪ÷™x ÇÆæéÀh Öçúø-ö«-EéÀ, véÀߪ÷-Q© ®√ïéÃߪ÷™x §ƒ™Ôx-ØËç-ü¿’èπ◊ î√™« ûËú≈ ÖçC.

´-úøç-´©x v°æßÁ÷-ï†ç Öçô’çC. Ö†o-ûª-≤ƒn-®·™ Ö†o ´uèπ◊h-©ûÓ Ææç•ç-üµ∆©’ éπ*a-ûªçí¬ °æE-îË-≤ƒh®·.

c) Watching the TV doesn't always pay= TV (It's a waste of time

478

4) This is one thing and that is quite another =

îª÷úø-ôç-´©x ÅEo¢Ë∞¡™« v°æßÁ÷-ï†ç Öçúøü¿’. ÅE) 3) don't work: (´’† Ç™-îª-†©÷, plans ™«çöÀN) °æE-îË-ߪ’-éπ-§Ú-´úøç/ ¢√öÀ-´©x v°æßÁ÷-ï†ç ™‰éπ-§Ú-´úøç. a) My plans did not work. I was disappointed

b) To preach is one thing and to practise is quite another =

Ö°æ-üË-Pç-îª-ú≈-EéÀ, Çîª-Jç-îª-ú≈-EéÀ

î√™« ûËú≈ ÖçC. c) To know about a place from books is one thing and to see it is another =

äéπ v°æüË-¨»Eo í∫’Jç* îªCN ûÁ©’-Ææ’-éÓ-´úøç, Ç v°æüË-¨»Eo îª÷úøôç äéπöÀ é¬ü¿’. 5) Negative attitude = N´·ê ¢ÁjêJ, (ÉC Spoken English ™ ûª®Ω-îª’í¬ NE°œçîË expression é¬ü¿’. Å®·Ø√ ûÁ©’-Ææ’-éÓ-´úøç ´’ç*üË) 'üËE-´™«x à v°æßÁ÷ï†ç Öçúøü¿’— ÅØË ûªûªyç.

Watching the TV doesn't always pay

(ÅCçé¬ Øˆ’ îª÷ú≈Lq ÖçC. E†oØË éπü∆ Ç course °æ‹®Ωh-®·çC. Ø√ Eï @N-ûªç™ ¢√öÀE v°æßÁ÷-Tç-î√Lq ÖçC.) Mohit:

Theory is one thing and practice is quite another. You'll soon see. Not all that you learnt there can be practised.

(Æœü∆l¥ç-û√-©èπÿ, Çîª-®Ω-ùèπÿ î√™« ûËú≈ ÖçC. Åéπ\úø ØË®Ω’a-èπ◊†o´Fo ´’†ç Çîª-®Ω-ù™ °ôd™‰ç.) Sobhan: I now see that the courses you've attended haven't benefited you much. You still have negative attitude.

(Ç éÓ®Ω’q©’ FÍéO’ v°æßÁ÷-ï†ç îËèπÿ-®Ωa-™‰-ü¿E É°æ¤púø’ Å®Ωn-´’-´¤-ûÓçC. FéÀçé¬ N´·ê ¢ÁjêJ §Ú™‰ü¿’.)

1) Sign up for:

äéπ course ™í¬F, Péπ~-ù™í¬F îË®Ωú≈-EéÀ/ îËÍ® ÖüËl-¨¡çûÓ Ê°J-´yúøç.

1. Set out, Set in, Set of, Set down

èπ◊ -Å®√n-©’

îÁ°æpçúÕ? 2. As, to be sentence

à Ææçü¿-®√s¥™x ¢√úø-û√®Ω’? As èπ◊ ´·çü¿’ ´*a-†-°æ¤púø’ ü∆E Å®Ωnç à N-üµ¿çí¬ ´Ææ’hçC? 3. By à Ææçü¿-®Ωs¥ç™ ¢√úø-û√®Ω’, By out, By of, By out Å®√n©†’ ûÁ©-°æçúÕ? 4. Ø√èπ◊ ÉçTx≠ˇ ØË®Ω’a-éÓ-¢√-©-†’çC. ü∆EéÀ Ø√èπ◊ As, as well as, as ´’üµ¿u™ ´*a-†-°æ¤púø’ ¢√é¬uEo ᙫ Å®Ωnç îËÆæ’-éÓ-¢√L? îÁ°æpçúÕ? - SD Khader Basha, Nellore

A.

1. Set out = Begin a journey =

1) v°æߪ÷ùç v§ƒ®Ωç-Gµç-îª-úøç = •ßª’-™‰l-®Ω-úøç. (´·êuçí¬ ü¿÷®Ω v°æߪ÷ùç). set out ÉçéÓ Å®Ωnç, àüÁjØ√ °æE v§ƒ®Ωç-Gµç-îª-úøç, °æ‹†’-éÓ-´-úøç.

He set out to break the world record in record swimming =

Ñûª™ v°æ°æçîª †’ ÅCµ-í∫-N’çîª-ú≈-EéÀ °æ‹†’-èπ◊-Ø√oúø’. Set in = v§ƒ®Ω綵ºç é¬-´-úøç (´·êuçí¬ Åçûª ´’ç*N é¬EN) Summer has already set in = ¢ËÆæN Å°æ¤púË v§ƒ®Ωç-¶µº-¢Á’içC (áçúø©’ ¶«í¬ é¬Ææ’h-Ø√o®·)

Ø√ v°æù«-R-éπ™‰ç °æE-îËߪ’-™‰ü¿’. ؈’ î√™« E®√-¨¡-îÁç-ü∆†’.

a) I thought I'd sign up for the NCC but on second thoughts dropped the idea= NCC

b) Kesav: This is the way you can get the job =

™ îËÍ®ç-ü¿’èπ◊ Ê°J-ü∆l-´’E ņ’-èπ◊-Ø√o†’, é¬F é¬Ææh Ç™-*ç-*† ûª®√yûª ´÷†’-èπ◊Ø√o. b) More people than expected signed up for the blood donation programme=

®Ωéπh-ü∆† 鬮Ωu-véπ-´÷-EéÀ ņ’-èπ◊-†o-ü∆-E-éπçõ‰ áèπ◊\-´-´’çC Ê°Jî√a®Ω’.

c) He wanted to sign up for the course, but the high fee held him back = course fee (Hold back=

îË®√-©-†’-èπ◊-Ø√oúø’. é¬F úÕE ÇÊ°-ÆœçC.

Set of -

Q.

=

Åûªú≈ ™ ¶«í¬ áèπ◊\-´-´úøç ÅûªÇ°æúøç)

Ñ ´÷ô English ™ ™‰ü¿’. A set of = éÌEo ´Ææ’h-´¤©/ ´uèπ◊h© •%çü¿ç A set of books = °æ¤Ææh-鬩 ÆæN’A. A set of boys = éÌçü¿®Ω’ ¶«©’®Ω •%çü¿ç Set down = write down = ®√ߪ’-úøç, ´’®Ω-* §Ú-èπ◊çú≈ ÖçúËç-ü¿’èπ◊.

M.SURESAN

Ñ Nüµ¿çí¬ †’¢√y ÖüÓuí∫ç Ææ秃-Cç--éÓ-í∫©´¤.

Kumar: No. that won't work. I shall only end up jobless =

™‰ü¿’. ÅüËç °æE-îË-ߪ’ü¿’. Å™« Å®·ûË Øˆ’ ÖüÓuí∫ç ™‰èπ◊ç-ú≈ØË/ E®Ω’-üÓu-T-í¬ØË N’T-L-§Úû√. c) Things don't work the way we want them to =

a) To think that we cannot learn English is a sign of a negative attitude = English

´’†èπ◊ ®√ü¿’™‰ ņ’-éÓ-´úøç N´·ê ¢ÁjêJ.

b) We can never win if we have a negative attitude =

´’†èπ◊ N´·ê ¢ÁjêJ Öçõ‰ ´’†ç Nïߪ’ç ≤ƒCµç-‰ç. Negative attitude X Positive attitude (Ææ’´·ê ¢ÁjêJ) a) ´’†ç à °æE-îË-ߪ’™‰ç/ ´’†èπ◊ ´’ç* ï®Ω-éπ\-§Ú´îª’a/ ´’† v°æߪ’ûªoç Ææ°∂æ©ç é¬ü¿’ – Negative attitude. b)

´’†ç Ç °æE-îË-ߪ’-í∫©ç/ îËÆœ îª÷ü∆lç, °∂æL-ûª-¢Ë’-ü¿®·Ø√/ ´’†èπ◊ Nïߪ’ç ©Gµ-Ææ’hçC – Positive attitude.

´’†ç ņ’-èπ◊†oN ņ’-èπ◊-†oô’x °æE-îË-ߪ’´¤/ °æEîË-ߪ’´¤.

He as well as his sister is here = sister sister

Åûª-úø÷, Éü¿l®Ω÷ Ééπ\úø ÖØ√o®Ω’. (Åûª-úË-é¬éπ, Åûª-úÕ èπÿú≈) Åûª-úÕ As èπ◊ -Ö-†o Å®√n©’ N´-Jçî√ç éπü∆. Ææçü¿-®√s¥Eo •öÀd ÆæÈ®j† Å®Ωnç Ü£œ«ç--éÓ-¢√L. ÉC îªü¿-´í¬ îªü¿-´í¬ ûÁ©’-Ææ’hçC. Q. Why do you like your friend? ÅØË v°æ¨¡oèπ◊ Ææ´÷a) He set down his experiences in his dairy = üµ∆-Ø√-©’í¬– a) I like my friend because she is Åûª-úø’ ûª† ņ’-¶µº-¢√-©Fo ûª† diary ™ ®√¨»úø’ loving and kind to me. b) I like my friend (§Òçü¿’°æJ-î√úø’) because she loves and kind to me. È®çúø÷ b) The warden set down the rules of the éπÈ®-ÍédØ√? hostel = £æ…Ææd™ ¸ E•ç-üµ¿-†-©†’ warden ®√¨»úø’ - M.Chandrika Mahalakshmi, Perumandra (NCµç-î√úø’) A. a) She is loving - Ééπ\úø is loving verb é¬ü¿’. is 2. As = ´™„/ -é¬-•-öÀd/ -Åçûª (§ÚLa-†-°æ¤púø’) verb, loving adjective, He is a loving husa) He talks as his father does = Åûª-úø’ ¢√∞¡x band ™ loving ™«. Ø√†o-™«Íí/ ´™„ ´÷ö«x-úø-û√úø’. b) I like my friend because she loves and kind b) As = Åçü¿’-´©x/ 鬕öÀd = As it is expensive I to me Åçûª correct é¬ü¿’. Correct form of the don't want to buy it = ÅC êK-ü¿-´-úøç ´©x ؈’ sentence. I like my friend because she loves éÌ-†’éÓy¢√-©-†’-éÓ-´-úøç-™‰ü¿’. me and is kind to me. Ééπ\úø loves, verb. c) §ÚLéπ = She is as tall as her sister = Ç¢Á’ Sentences a éÀ, b éÀ structure ™ ûËú≈ ÖçC. ûª† Åéπ\çûª/ Åéπ\™« §Òúø’í∫’. Q. 1. Play, Show, Game, Sport OöÀE áéπ\úø, 3. By - DEo Éçûªèπ◊´·çü¿’ lessons ™ N´-Jçî√ç, á°æ¤púø’,ᙫ ¢√ú≈L? îª÷úøçúÕ. By of, By out- Ñ expressions 2. Brilliant, Intelligent, Clever, Genius OöÀ English ™ ™‰´¤. í∫ ’ Jç* èπ ÿ ú≈ îÁ ° æ p çúÕ . 4. As N≠æ-ߪ’ç- °j† N´-Jçî√ç éπü∆? - Maduri satyanarayana, Hyderabad As well as = 1) Åçûª ¶«í¬. A. 1. Play- Çô/ Çúøôç– áèπ◊\-´í¬ Çúøôç ÅØË Å®ΩnçI cannot sing as well as her = ûÓØË ¢√úøû√ç. Ç¢Á’ Åçûª ¶«í¬ ؈’ §ƒúø-™‰†’. Play = Çô ÅØË Å®ΩnçûÓ ¢√úÕ-†-°æ¤púø’, à Nüµ¿-¢Á’i† As well as = 2) È®çúÕçöx, Éü¿l-J™ È®çúø÷/-É-ü¿l®Ω÷. véÃúø Å®·Ø√ 鬢Ìa.

Because of rain the play ended =

´®Ω{ç ´©x Çô ÇTçC/ Å®·-§Ú-®·çC. (play Åçõ‰ Ø√ôéπç ÅØË Å®Ωnç èπÿú≈ ÖçC) Play = game = sport Å®·ûË, game ≤ƒ´÷†uçí¬ Éü¿lJ ´’üµ¿uØÓ, È®çúø’ ïôx ´’üµ¿uØÓ ïJÍí véÃúø– Cricket, Tennis, Chess, etc. Sport Éü¿l®Ω’ ™‰ü∆ áèπ◊\´ ´uèπ◊h©’ äÍé-≤ƒJ §ƒ™Ô_ØË véÃúø– running race, high jump, long jump, etc. 2. Brilliant =

Å≤ƒ-üµ∆-®Ω-ù-¢Á’i† ûÁLN/ v°æïc éπ©, Éûª®Ω’©†’ Ǩ¡a®Ωu-°æ-JîË/ Éûª-®Ω’-©™ íÌ°æp ÅGµ-v§ƒßª’ç éπL-TçîË ûÁLN ûËô©’, ØË®Ω’p– A brilliant scientist/ idea/ performance (v°æü¿-®Ωz†) (´÷´‚©’ Å®Ωnç– v°æé¬-¨¡-´ç-ûª-¢Á’i†/ brilliant sun shine, etc) Intelligent, clever - Ñ È®çúø÷ ü∆ü∆°æ¤ äéπõ‰– î√™« ûÁLNéπ©, üËØÁj oØ√ Ææ’©-¶µºçí¬ Å®Ωnç îËÆæ’èπ◊ØË ¨¡éÀh, Ç™-*ç-îª-í∫© ¨¡éÀh. Å®·ûË intelligent °æ¤ô’d-éπûÓ ´îËa í∫’ù«-EéÀ áèπ◊\´ ¢√úøû√ç; clever äéÌ\-éπ\°æ¤púø’, ´’†ç Ææ秃-CçîË, °ç§Òç-Cç--éÌØË ûÁLN ûËô©’ 鬢Ìa. Clever èπ◊, éÌEo Ææçü¿-®√s¥™x, ¢Á÷ÆæçîËߪ’-í∫© ÅØË negative Å®Ωnç èπÿú≈ ÖçC. a) An elephant is an intelligent animal. is a clever animal. b) A fox Genius

(†éπ\) . Å≤ƒ-üµ∆-®Ω-ù-¢Á’i† ûÁL-N-ûË-ô©’, v°æñ«c §ƒô¢√©÷, ØÁj°æ¤ùuç. He is a writer of genius. É™«çöÀ ©éπ~ù«©’†o ´uéÀh èπÿú≈ genius. ÅEoöÀ éπØ√o íÌ°æpC– Genius. ü∆E ûª®√yûª, brilliant, Ç ûª®√yûª intelligent/ clever.

Spoken English -§ƒ-ûª -¢√u≤ƒ-©éÓÆæç -éÀxé˙ -îË-ߪ’ç-úÕ.. URL: http://www.eenadu.net/spoken/spoken.htm

í∫’®Ω’-¢√®Ωç 17 -V-™„j 2008

Ñ-Ø√-úø’ £j«-ü¿®√-¶«-ü˛

Charith: The boss wants us to start work in two days. He doesn't want is to be delayed any longer.

(´’† boss È®çvúÓ-V©éπ™«x °æE ¢Á·ü¿-©’°ôd´’çô’-Ø√oúø’. ÉçÍéç Ç©Ææuç é¬èπÿúøü¿ç-ô’-Ø√oúø’.) Manasa: Why such a short notice?

2

Look at the following sentences from the conversation above. 1) Why such a short notice? 2) He always takes us by surprise. 3) There's no helping it. 4) What does he take us for. 5) It's all fixed up.

(Åçûª ûªèπ◊\´ Ææ´’-ߪ’´÷?) Charith: He always takes us by surprise. There's no helping it. Come what may we have to do it.

(Çߪ’† á°æ¤púø÷ ´’†èπ◊ Ǩ¡a-®Ωu¢Ë’ éπL-TÆæ’hç-ö«úø’. ÅC ûª°æpü¿’. àüË¢Á’iØ√ ´’†ç îËߪ÷-LqçüË). Manasa: What does he take us for? Machines or human beings?

(´’†Lo à´’-†’-èπ◊ç-ô’-Ø√o-ú≈-ߪ’†? ߪ’çvû√©Ø√, ´’†’-≠æfl-©Ø√?)

6) We'll have to put up with this nuisance manager, I feel. 7) It all boils down to this. c) There's no helping bribing officers to get things done. The system is like that=

a) It all boils down to this: power cuts will increase =

°æ†’©’ 鬢√-©çõ‰ ÅCμ-é¬-®Ω’-©èπ◊ ©çîªç É´yéπ ûª°æpü¿’. ´u´Ææn Å™« ÖçC. 4) To take someone for something = äéπJ í∫’Jç-* ņ’-éÓ-´úøç.

b) It all boils down to our working for more hours with less pay =

8) Will you see about the files. 9) Sooner send than done. 10) Go about the files.

Ééπ\úø notice èπ◊ Å®Ωnç, àüÁjØ√ °æEéÀ ´’†-éÀîËa í∫úø’´¤/ ´u´Cμ.

1) At a short notice-

a) We give you three months' notice to vacate the house=

a) What do you take us for- your servants? =

É©’x ë«S îËÊÆç-ü¿’èπ◊ ´‚úø’ ØÁ©© í∫úø’´¤ ÉÆæ’hØ√oç.

à´’-†’-èπ◊ç-ô’-Ø√o´¤ ´’´’tLo– F ؈éπ-®Ωx´÷? b) Don't take her for a fool. She can outsmart you =

Charith: It's all fixed up. There's no changing it now.

(Åçû√ E®Ωgߪ’¢Á’i§Ú-®·çC. ´÷Í®aüËç ™‰ü¿çü¿’™).

ÇNúËO’ ´‚®Ω’^-®√-©-†’-éÓèπ◊. Féπçõ‰ ûÁLN ûËô©’ îª÷°æ-í∫-©ü¿’.

´’†ç

-Ççí∫x-¶μ«-≠æ-ù

Manasa: We'll have to put up with this nuisance manager, I feel. It all boils down to this: do what the boss says or get the hell out of here.

c) Because of his appearance I never took him for the scientist he is =

479

Nü¿’u-û˝-éÓûª °®Ω’-í∫’-ûª’çC. ÉD ≤ƒ®√稡ç/ ´·ë«u稡ç.

´·ë«u稡ç àN’-ôçõ‰ ´’†ç ûªèπ◊\´ @ûªçûÓ áèπ◊\´ í∫çô©’ °æE-îË-ߪ÷©E.

c) The CM's acting in a silent movie boils down to his not uttering a dialogue with any scope for controversy = CM

´‚éÙ †öÀç-îªúøç ≤ƒ®√ç¨¡ç– N¢√-üΔ-EéÀ û√NîËa Ææç¶μ«-≠æù‰D Öîªa-Jç-îª-éπ-§Ú-´úøç. 8) See about something = (äéπ\ N≠æߪ’ç) îª÷Ææ’-éÓ-´úøç.

What do you take us for?

(Ñ ûª©-ØÌ°œp manager †’ ¶μºJç-î√Lqçüˆ†’-èπ◊çö«. DE ≤ƒ®√稡ç àN’-ôçõ‰ boss îËÊ°pC N†’. ™‰èπ◊çõ‰ ¢ÁRx§Ú ÅE). Charith: No use complaining. Will you see about the files that are important for the information we've to give? Meanwhile, I'll attend to the classification.

(Aô’déÓ´úøç ´©x v°æßÁ÷-ï†ç ™‰ü¿’. ´’†ç É¢√y-Lq† Ææ´÷-î√®Ωç í∫’Jç* îª÷≤ƒh´¤ éπüΔ? ؈’ ¢√öÀ ´K_-éπ-®Ωù à®√pô’ îË≤ƒh). Manasa: I'll see to it, but first of all let me have something to eat. It's lunch time.

(ÅC îË≤ƒhØËx, é¬F ´·çü¿’ †ØËo-ü¿Ø√o A†F. É°æ¤púø’ ¶μï† Æ洒ߪ’ç). Charith: Do have your lunch, but see that the files are ready in an hour.

(¶μçîË®·. é¬F ã í∫çôéπ™«x îË®·).

files ready

b) It's impossible for anyone to do it at such a short notice= c) The boss asked him to quit without notice= boss

àç ´u´Cμ/ í∫úø’´¤ É´y-èπ◊ç-ú≈ØË Åûª-úÕE ÖüÓuí∫ç ´C-™‰-ߪ’-´’-Ø√oúø’. (¢ÁçôØË ÅûªúÕo ÖüÓuí∫ç †’ç* ûÌ©-Tç-î√®Ω’) 2) Take by surprise= Ǩ¡a®Ωuç éπL-Tç-îªúøç.

Charith: But till then you've to do what you are told to do. Go about the files and get them ready in an hour.

(Åçûª ´®Ωèπ◊ Fèπ◊ îÁ°œpçC †’´¤y îËߪ÷LqçüË. Ç files í∫’Jç* îª÷Æœ ¢√öÀE ready îÁß˝’).

Åçû√ E®Ωg-ߪ’-¢Á’i-§Ú-®·çC. ´’†ç îËߪ÷-Lqç-ü¿çû√ Eüμ¿’-©-éÓÆæç îª÷úø-ô¢Ë’.

Åûª-E-éπ\úø Ö†oô’dçúÕ éπE-°œç-îªúøç ´÷é¬-¨¡a®Ωuç éπL-Tç-*çC.

b) It's all fixed up. You are the first to go =

b) His resigning the job took us all by surprise=

Åçû√ E®Ωg-ߪ’-¢Á’i-§Ú-®·çC. ¢Á·ü¿ô ¢Á∞«x-LqçC †’¢Ëy.

Åûªúø’ ®√@-Ø√´÷ îËߪ’úøç ´÷鬨¡a®Ωuç éπL-Tç-*çC.

c) Nothing is fixed up. The boss has to decide = Boss

c) Her singing at the party took us all by surprise= party

Ç¢Á’ Tç-*çC.

Éçé¬ àç èπ◊ü¿-®Ω-™‰ü¿’.

™ §ƒúøôç ´÷é¬-¨¡a®Ωuç éπL-

6) Put up with =

éÌçûª-鬩ç-§ƒô’ Ñ vü¿¢Óu-©s-ù«Eo ûªô’d-éÓ-¢√-Lqç-üË-†E v°æ¶μº’ûªyç ÅçöçC.

a) Prasad: Have we to pay the amount?

(´’†ç Ç ¢Á·ûªhç îÁLxç-î√-Lqç-üËØ√?) Pramod: There's no helping it if we want to join the course.

b) (It's) difficult to put up with him. He is such a nuisance =

´÷ Ø√†o ¢Á∞¡x-´’ç-ö«úø’. îÁ°æpúøç ûËLÍé.

éÀ †úÕ*

No sooner said than done

ÅØË expression èπÿú≈ ÖçC– D†®Ωnç– †’´¤y îÁ°æp-úø¢Ë’ Ç©Ææuç, ؈’ îËÊÆç-ü¿’èπ◊ Æœü¿l¥ç ÅE. Anand: Will you make arrangements for my stay? Amrit: No sooner said than done.

(O’®Ω’ îÁ°æp-úø¢Ë’ Ç©Ææuç. ÉCíÓ, É°æ¤púË îË≤ƒh) 10) Go about = (Ééπ\úÕ Å®Ωnç) = äéπ °æE v§ƒ®ΩçGμçîË ÆæØ√o-£æ…©’ îËߪ’úøç. a) As soon as the funds are ready, I'll go about the construction =

Eüμ¿’©’ Æœü¿l¥ç é¬í¬ØË,

E®√tùç v§ƒ®Ωç-Gμ-≤ƒh†’.

™ îË®√-©çõ‰ ûª°æpü¿’) ûª©-ØÌ°œp¢√úø’. 7) It all boils down to this =

áéπ\ú≈ éπE-°œç-îªúøç-™‰ü¿’. ´’†ç †úø-¢√-LqçüË. ûª°æpü¿’.

Å®Ωnç ÉüË.

Bad, Dangle, Bank, Valid, Nap, Narrow, Bouquet, Author, Shout, Maoism, Sauce, Narrow, Contemptuous, Congestion, Unique, Louse -

-Ö-î√a®Ω-ù í∫’-Jç-* -N-´-Jç-îªí∫-©®Ω’.

- A. Madhav, Hyderabad

A.

a) Dad wants me to walk to college. Sooner said than done = college

Åûª-úÕE ¶μºJç-îªúøç éπ≠dçæ . Åçûª

b) No bus in sight. We have to walk the distance. No helping it= Bus

Q.

àç ÇçüÓ-∞¡-†°æ-úøèπ◊. ÅA-ü∑¿’© •Ææ à®√pôx N≠æߪ’ç ؈’ îª÷Ææ’èπ◊çö«. 9) Sooner said than done = îÁ°æpúøç ûËLÍé îËߪ’-úø¢Ë’ éπ≠dçæ .

(Ø√ •Ææèπ◊ à®√pô’x îË≤ƒh¢√?) Æ棜«ç-îªúøç/ ¶μºJç-îªúøç/

a) The government says we've to put up with the inflation for some more time =

îËߪ’™‰ç.

course

b) Don't worry. I'll see about the arrangements for the guests' stay =

ûªô’d-éÓ-´úøç

ÅC-ûª-°æpü¿’/ üΔE í∫’Jç* ´’†¢Ë’ç

(´’†ç

E®Ωg-®·ç-î√-

= ؈’ Æœü¿l¥ç îË≤ƒh†’. †’´¤y èπ◊Ka© N≠æߪ’ç îª÷≤ƒh¢√?

LqçüË.

3) There's no helping it- No helping something=

Manasa: Give me half an hour more they will be ready.

(ÉçéÓ Å®Ω-í∫çô É´¤y. ؈’ ¢√öÀE ready îË≤ƒh). Ñ lesson ™ daily real life situations ™ ÅA ≤ƒ´÷-†uçí¬ conversation ™ NE-°œçîË ´’JéÌEo ´÷ô©’ îª÷üΔlç. É´Fo ´’† ¢ÁjêJ (attitude) †’ ûÁL-ߪ’-ñ‰ÊÆ expressions, conversation ™ Ææ£æ«-ï-¢Á’i† ¶μ«í¬©’ èπÿú≈. OöÀE Ææçü¿®Ωs¥ç ´*a†°æ¤púø™«x practise îËüΔlç.

a) It's all fixed up. All that we have to do is wait for the funds =

M.SURESAN

a) His sudden appearance here took us all by surprise=

Manasa: Sooner said than done. I am sure I'm going to quit this job, once I get a better job.

(îÁ°æpúøç ûËLÍé, îËߪ’úø¢Ë’ éπ≠dçæ . Éçûªéπçõ‰ ´’ç*-Ö-üÓuí∫ç ´ÊÆh, ÉC ´C-™‰-≤ƒh-ØËo†’).

ÅûªúÕ ¢√©éπç îª÷Æœ Åûªúø’ scientist ņ’-éÓ-™‰ü¿’ ؈’. 5) Be fixed up = E®Ωg-ߪ’¢Á’i-§Ú-´úøç.

Åçûª ûªèπ◊\´ ´u´-Cμ™ ÅC îËߪ’úøç á´-Jéà ≤ƒüμ¿uç-é¬ü¿’.

a) I'll make the hall ready. Will you see about the chairs for the guests? hall

Bad, Dangle, Bank, Valid, Nap, Narrow - Ñ ´÷ô-™ xE 'a' E, ûÁ©’-í∫’™ û√ö«èπ◊, îÁ§ƒpúø’ ™«çöÀ ´÷ô™x-E 'ö«—, '-§ƒp— -™« °æ-©é¬-L, Å®·ûË D®Ω`ç ™‰èπ◊çú≈ °æ©’-èπ◊û√ç. Bouquet- •’Èéß˝’ – 'Èé— ØÌéÀ\ °æ©’-èπ◊û√ç. Author - Çüμ¿(®˝)– Ñ ´÷ô™ 'Ç— †’ °ü¿-´¤©’ í∫’çvúøçí¬ N°œp, Ø√©’éπ °æéπ\©’ °jéÀ ´ç*, 'Ç— Åçõ‰ ´îËa ¨¡•lç. DEéÀ, 'art' (Çö¸)-™E 'Ç— èπ◊ ûËú≈ ÖçC. 'Ç(®˝)-ö¸—-™E Ç †’, °ü¿-´¤©’ Ø√©’éπ flat í¬ Öç* Åçö«ç. Shout ™E ou, Maoism ™E ao- -OöÀE now ™E ow ™« °æ©’-èπ◊û√ç.

üΔE ≤ƒ®√稡ç/

b) He has already gone about getting the permission =

ņ’-´’A éÓÆæç v°æߪ’-û√o©’ ¢Á·ü¿©’ °ö«d-úø-ûªúø’.

Now pronunciation- †¢˛ é¬ü¿’, Ø√¢˛ é¬ü¿’, †– -Åç-ûª v£æ«Ææyçí¬ é¬èπ◊ç-ú≈, -Ø√– Åçûª D®Ω`´‚ é¬èπ◊çú≈ Ø√©’éπ flat í¬ Â°-öÀd, °ü¿-´¤©’ ü¿í∫_-®Ωí¬ îËJÊÆh ´îËa ¨¡•lç. Sauce ™E 'Ç— ¨¡•lç = author -™ -E 'Ç— ¨¡•lç. Narrow ™E ow ¨¡•lç °æ‹Jh ã é¬ü¿’. ÉC éÌçîÁç go, no ™ ™« °æ-©é¬-Lq -Öç-ô’ç-C. ÉC v°æûªu-éπ~çí¬ °æ-LéÀ -ûÁ-L-ߪ’°æ®Ω-îË N≠æߪ’ç– ®√ûª™  ≤ƒüμ¿uç é¬ü¿’. ®√ûª™ îª÷°œØ√ îμ√çü¿-Ææçí¬ Öçô’çC. Contemptuous = éπØ˛-õ„-¢˛’pa-ÅÆˇ Congestion – éπØ˛-ï-ÆæaØ˛ Unique - ߪ·Fé˙ Louse - (now ™™«) ©¢˛q (© é¬Ææh D®Ω`ç) îÁ§ƒpç éπüΔ. ÉN v°æûªu-éπ~çí¬ °æLéÀ NE°œç-îª-´-©-Æœ† ¨¡¶«l©’.

Spoken English -§ƒ-ûª -¢√u≤ƒ-©éÓÆæç -éÀxé˙ -îË-ߪ’ç-úÕ.. URL: http://www.eenadu.net/spoken/spoken.htm

-´’çí∫-∞¡-¢√®Ωç 22 -V-™„j 2008 Neeraj:

Ñ-Ø√-úø’ £j«-ü¿®√-¶«-ü˛

It's very clever of you, making Sarath pay for you too.

Mukund: I want my section changed. That makes the work light for me.

(¨¡®Ω-û˝†’ Fèπ◊ èπÿú≈ îÁLxçîËô’x îËߪ’-úøç™ î√™« ûÁLN îª÷°œç-î√´¤.)

(Ø√ section ´÷®Ω’a-éÓ-¢√-©-†’çC. Åçü¿’-´©x °æE-¶µ«®Ωç ûªí∫’_-ûª’çC.)

Mukund: Yea, you can say that. Imagine my surprize when he asked the bearer to charge it upto him.

(Eï¢Ë’. Åûªúø’ bearer ûÓ ûª†èπ◊ bill É´’t-†o-°æ¤púø’ Ø√ Ǩ¡a®Ωuç †’´¤y Ü£œ«ç-éÓ-¢√-LqçüË.) Neeraj:

Did he offer to pay the bill?

(Åûªúø’

bill

éπúø-û√-†-Ø√oú≈?)

Neeraj:

Unfortunately he knows better than to listen to me in such matters.

(ü¿’®Ω-ü¿%-≠d-´æ -¨»ûª÷h Åûªúø’ É™«çöÀ N≠æߪ÷™x Ø√ ´÷ô N†úø’.) Mukund: But you are so close.

(O’®Ω’ î√™« ÆæEo-£œ«-ûªçí¬ Öçö«®Ω’ éπü∆?) Neeraj:

He believes in, and makes me understand,'Thus for and no further'?

Mukund: He did, for sure.

(á´®Ω’ áçûª-´-®Ωèπ◊ Öçú≈™ Åçûª-´-®ΩÍé Öçú≈-©ØË N≠æߪ’ç †´·t-û√-úø-ûªúø’.)

(Å´¤†’. Eïçí¬.) Neeraj:

Didn't Bhavan join you?

2

Mukund: I'm disappointed.

b) It's very bad of him to ill treat his wife =

ûª†

¶µ«®Ωu†’ ¶«Cµç-îªúøç ÅûªúÕ ü¿’®√t®Ω_ç. c) It was foolish of Dharmaraja to gamble with Sakuni =

¨¡èπ◊-úÕûÓ Wü¿-´÷-úøôç üµ¿®Ωt-®√V

b) Get over it and start a new life =

Ç ¶«üµ¿

†’ç* ûË®Ω’éÓ. éÌûªh @Nûªç v§ƒ®Ωç-Gµç. c) It took months for her to get over the Jaundice =

鬢Á’®Ωx †’ç* éÓ©’-èπ◊-ØËçü¿’èπ◊ Ç¢Á’èπ◊ ØÁ © ©’ °æ ö À d ç C. (Ø√èπ◊ E®√-¨¡í¬ ÖçC.) 2) Charge it to some one/ charge some one 5) Pardon!: á´-È®jØ√ îÁ°œpçC ´’†èπ◊ NE-°œç-îª-†-°æ¤púø’, Mukund: He is yet to get over the shock of his Neeraj: Don't worry. I'll still try. With any luck for some thing = äéπJE îÁLxç-îª-´’-†úøç. bad score in the last exam. ´’Sx ÉçéÓ-≤ƒJ îÁ°æpç-úøE ´’®√u-ü¿í¬ Åúø-í∫úøç. (I) he may consider. a) Charge the drinks to me, and my room rent (§Ú®·† exam ™ ´*a† ûªèπ◊\´ Beg your pardon ÅE èπÿú≈ Åçö«ç. ´·êuçí¬ (°∂æ®√y-™‰-ü¿’™‰. v°æߪ’-Ao≤ƒh. Åü¿%≠ædç and food to the company = §ƒF-ߪ÷-©èπ◊ Ø√ ´÷®Ω’\© shock †’ç* Åûª-úÕçé¬ ûË®Ω’-éÓ°ü¿l-¢√-∞¡xûÓ/ ´’†-éπçõ‰ °j ≤ƒn®·™ Ö†o-¢√-∞¡xûÓ/ Ű涫í∫’çõ‰ Åûªúø’ Ç™-*ç-îª-´îª’a.) ™‰ü¿’.) ü¿í∫_®Ω ´Ææ÷©’ îËߪ’çúÕ/ Ø√ ê®Ω’aí¬ BÆæ’-éÓçúÕ/ J-*-ûª’-©ûÓ É™« Åçö«ç. Å®Ωnç: à´’-Ø√o®Ω’? ÅE. Mukund: Thank you. ؈’ îÁLx-≤ƒh†’, Ø√ í∫C ÅüÁl, ǣ慮Ωç company Pardon ÅÆæ-©®Ωnç– éπ~N’ç-îªçúÕ (sorry) (N†-†ç-ü¿’èπ◊, Neeraj: That's a pity. His failure was the least Daily conversation ™ ´îËa ´’J-éÌEo high freê®Ω’a™ ®√ߪ’çúÕ/ †’ç* ´’®Ó-≤ƒJ îÁ°æpçúÕ ÅØËçü¿’èπ◊) expected. ´Ææ÷©’ îËߪ’çúÕ. (ÅC ü¿’®Ω-ü¿%≠ædç. Åûªúø’ fail 鬴úøç quency spoken English Catch = ´÷´‚©’ Å®Ωnç, °æô’d-éÓ-´úøç éπü∆? Ééπ\úÕ expressions Ñ lesü∆ü∆°æ¤ á´®Ω÷ ņ’-éÓ-EC.) b) All expenses of Å®Ωnç, NE-°œç-îªúøç. Mukund: Pardon! I didn't quite catch what you son ™ îª÷ü∆lç. OöÀE ministers are Pardon, I couldn't catch you = éπ~N’ç-îªçúÕ, O’®ΩÅ´-鬨¡ç ´*a-†-°æ¤p-úø™«x said. to the gov†oC Ø√èπ◊ NE-°œç-îª-™‰ü¿’. ´’®Ó-´÷®Ω’ îÁ°æp®√? -Ççí∫x-¶µ«-≠æ-ù 480 charged ernment = (àçöÃ? †’´y-†oC ؈’ ÆæJí¬ NØËxü¿’.) ¢√úøçúÕ. 6) I could use some cofNeeraj: I was saying fee. Ééπ\úÕ 'use' Å®Ωnç, few expected Spoken English™ 鬢√L/ Bhavan to É≠ædç ÅE. ÉC î√™« ¶«í∫’çscore so low. ô’çC, Spoken English (¶µº´-Ø˛èπ◊ Åçûª ™. ûªèπ◊\´ ´÷®Ω’\a) We could use a good dinner before going at the following sentences ™Ô-≤ƒh-ߪ’E ü∆ü∆°æ¤ á´®Ω÷ ņ’-éÓ-™‰ü¿’ ÅE Look ´’çvûª’© ê®Ωaçû√ v°æ¶µº’ûªyç †’ç* to a movie, couldn't we? = ÆœE-´÷-Èé-∞Ïx-´·çü¿’ from the dialogue above: Åçô’Ø√o.) ´Ææ÷-©-´¤-ûª’çC. ´’ç* dinner ¶«í∫’ç-ô’çC éπü∆?/ ´’†-éÀ-≠d¢ æ Ë’ 1) It's very clever of you. Mukund: Oh, by the way, there's something you c) What's the bill? Charge it to me, éπ ü ∆? 2) ... he asked the bearer to charge it can do for me. But first I could use please = Bill áçûª? Ø√ ü¿í∫_®Ω †’ç* b) You could use a good drink, I am sure = FéÀup to him. some coffee. BÆæ’-éÓçúÕ. °æ¤púø’ ´’ç* §ƒFߪ’ç Å´-Ææ®Ωç ÅE-°œ-≤ÚhçC 3) He did, for sure. (ÅC ÆæÍ®-é¬F, †’´¤y Ø√èπ◊ îËߪ’-í∫© ≤ƒßª’ç d) He charged her Rs. 800/- for Ø√èπ◊. 4) He is yet to get over the shock of M.SURESAN äéπ-ô’çC. Åçûª-èπ◊-´·çü¿’ é¬Ææh coffee repairing the TV = TV repair c) I could use some hot stuff in this cold his low score. û√í¬-©-†’çC.) îË Æ œ † çü¿ ’ èπ ◊ Ç¢Á ’ ü¿ í ∫ _ ® Ω †’ç* áEN ’C ´çü¿ © weather = Ñ îª©xöÀ ¢√û√-´-®Ω-ùç™ àüÁjØ√ ¢ËúÕí¬ 5) Pardon! I didn't quite catch what you said. Neeraj: Oh, sure. I feel like some good coffee ®Ω ÷ §ƒßª ’ ©’ BÆæ ’ è π ◊ Ø √oúø ’ . AØ√© E ° œ ≤ ÚhçC Ø√èπ◊. 6) I could use some coffee. too. Let's go to some good restaurant. 3) For sure = éπ*a-ûªçí¬/ EÆæqç-üË-£æ«çí¬. 7) Put in a good word for some one = äéπ-JE 7) .. putting in a good word for me .. But what can I do for you? (ûª°æp-èπ◊çú≈. Ø√èπÿ coffee û√í¬-©ØË ÅE-°œ- 1) It's very clever of you= ÅC F ûÁL-N-ûË-ô©’. a) She will be back on Monday, for sure = Ç¢Á’ recommend/ Æœ§∂ƒ-®ΩÆæ’ îËߪ’úøç. (¢√∞¡x í∫’Jç* éπ*a-ûªçí¬ ≤Ú´’-¢√®Ωç AJT Ééπ\-úø’ç-ô’çC. ´’ç*í¬ îÁ°æpúøç). ≤ÚhçC. ´’ç* £æ«Ùô-™¸-Èé∞«lç. Å®·ûË Øˆ’ É™«çöÀ expressions ´’J-éÌEo É™« ¢√úø-´îª’a. It's b) One thing is for sure. No party will get a) His brother-in-law got the job because he very good/ kind/ bad/ foolish of some one îËߪ’-í∫-L-Tç-üË-N’öÀ?) enough majority to form the government in put in a good word for him. = Åûªúø’ recom(you/ him/ her/ them etc.) = ¢√∞¡xé¬ í∫’ù«-©’-Ø√oMukund: How about putting in a good word for the next elections. äéπöÀ ´÷vûªç éπ*aûªç. ´îËa mend îËߪ’úøç ´©x ÅûªúÕ ¶«´-´’-JCéÀ Ç ßª ’ E îÁ ° æ p úø ç . me with our boss. Isn't he your áEoé π ™ x à §ƒKd é à v°æ ¶ µ º ’ û√yEo à®Ω p ® Ω î Ë •©ç ®√ü¿ ’ . ÖüÓuí∫ç ´*açC. cousin? a) It was really great of Dharmaraja to save the Kouravas from the Gandharvas = í∫çüµ¿- 4) To get over = ¶«üµ¿/ ï•’s †’ç* éÓ©’-éÓ-´úøç/ b) He has none to put in a good word for him (Ø√ í∫’Jç* ã ´’ç* ´÷ô ´÷ man®Ω’y© ¶«J-†’ç* ü¿’®Óu-üµ¿-Ø√-ü¿’-©†’ ®ΩéÀ~ç-îªúøç üµ¿®Ωt- ´÷´‚©’ ÆœnAéÀ ®√´úøç/ ûË®Ω’-éÓ-´úøç. ager ûÓ îÁ°æp-èπÿ-úøü∆? Åûªúø’ F cousin = Åûª-úÕE recommend îËÊÆç-ü¿’-Èé-´®Ω÷ ™‰®Ω’. a) Indira Gandhi never got over the untimely ®√V íÌ°æp-ûª†ç. éπü∆?) (English ™ recommend ví¬çC∑éπç, Put in a death of her son Sanjay Gandhi = ûª† good word for somebody/ put in a word in Neeraj: Yes, he is. What do you want from ´’†-Èé-´-®Ω-®·Ø√ ≤ƒßª’ç-îËÊÆh, ´÷´‚©’ thanks éÌúø’èπ◊ Ææçï-ß˝’-í¬çDµ Å鬩 ´’®Ωùç ´©x ¶«üµ¿ him? somebody's favour- ÉN Spoken Language éπçõ‰ áèπ◊\´ îÁÊ°pç-ü¿’èπ◊– It's very/ so kind of †’ç* ÉçC-®√-í¬çDµ éÓ©’-éÓ-ØË-™‰ü¿’. you Åçö«ç. forms). (Å´¤†’. FÍéç 鬢√L ÅûªúÕ †’ç*?) (Bhavan

ÅN¢Ëéπç.

O’ûÓ ®√™‰ü∆?)

Put in a good wor d for some one

Å®·ûË in respect of ¢√úË î√™«îÓôx ¢√-úÌa. ÅC simple.

about

He said the same thing in respect of/ about those books =

Q.

1. In respect of 2. by virtue of 3. be regarded 4. any how 5. mind blowing 6. exchange - change

– -O-öÀ -Å®√n-™‰-N’-öÀ? -ûË-ú≈ -à-N’-öÀ? A.

1. In respect of =

Ç °æ¤Ææh-é¬Lo í∫’Jç*/ °æ¤Ææh-鬩 N≠æߪ’ç Åûª-úø-üË ÅØ√oúø’. 2. By virtue of: Because of = Åçü¿’-´©x. By virtue of her age she can't apply for the job = apply

- A Sridhar, Oripenta

Ç¢Á’ ´ßª’Ææ’ ´©x/ Ç¢Á’ ´ßª’Ææ’ é¬®Ω-ùçí¬, Ç¢Á’ Ç ÖüÓu-í¬-EéÀ îËߪ’-™‰ü¿’.

ü∆Eo í∫’Jç*/ Ç N≠æ-ߪ’ç™.

By virtue of being a CM, he can travel at Govt expense = CM

1) The rule does not say anything in respect of the students of private schools = Private schools students

N≠æ-ߪ’ç™, Ç E•ç-üµ¿† àç îÁ°æpúøç ™‰ü¿’. 2) They want to go to court in respect of the property =

Ç ÇÆœh N≠æߪ’ç™ ¢√∞¡Ÿx éÓ®Ω’dèπ◊ ¢Á∞«x©-†’-èπ◊ç-ô’-Ø√o®Ω’.

é¬-´-úøç´©x Çߪ’† v°æ¶µº’ûªy ê®Ω’a-ûÓ v°æߪ÷ùç îËßÁ·îª’a. 3. Be regarded - Regard = °æJ-í∫-ùÀç-îªúøç/ ņ’-éÓ-´úøç. Be (am/ is/ are, etc..) regarded = °æJ-í∫-ùÀç--úø-ôç (PV)

Gandhi is regarded as a Mahatma = Gandhi

äéπ ´’£æ…-ûª’t-úÕí¬ °æJ-í∫-ùÀç-îª-•-úø’-ûª’Ø√oúø’. (´÷´‚©’ ûÁ©’í∫’ – í¬çDµE ´’£æ…-ûª’túÕí¬ °æJ-í∫-ùÀ≤ƒhç) He wants to be regarded as great = Åûªúø’ íÌ°æp-¢√-úø’í¬ °æJ-í∫-ùÀç-°æ-•ú≈©E ņ’èπ◊ç-ô’-Ø√oúø’. 4. Anyhow - 1) àüË-¢Á’iØ√ = any way. I knew he wouldn't come, but any how I invited him/ I invited him any way =

Åûªúø’ ®√úøE Ø√èπ◊ ûÁ©’Ææ’ é¬F àüË-¢Á’iØ√ Åûª-úÕE ؈’ Ç£æ…yEç-î√†’. 2) Any how = É≠ædç ´*a-†ô’x (-ã °æü¿l¥-A™‰-èπ◊çú≈). He put the things in the box anyhow and the box wouldn't close =

Ç Â°-õ„d™ ´Ææ’h-´¤©’ É≠ædç ´*a-†ô’d °ö«dúø’, ÅC-°æ¤púø’ ´‚Ææ’-éÓ-´úøç ™‰ü¿’.

5. Mind blowing =

Cví∫s¥´’/ Cví¬s¥çA éπL-TçîË.

a) Some of the feats in the circus were mind blowing = Circus feats

™-E éÌ--Eo éπL-Tç-îË-Ní¬ ÖØ√o®·.-

Cví∫s¥´’

b) The way the husband cut off his wife's head and carried it to the police station is mind blowing = police station (shocking)

¶µ«®Ωu ûª© †JéÀ èπ◊ BÆæ’-Èé-Rx† Nüµ¿ç Cví¬s¥çA éπL-T-≤ÚhçC. 6. Exchange = ´÷JpúÕ – äéπ-ü∆Eo*a -•-ü¿’-LçéÓ-öÀ BÆæ’-éÓ-´úøç. They exchanged rings = ¢√∞¡Ÿx Öçí∫®√©’ ´÷®Ω’aèπ◊-Ø√o®Ω’. äéπJ Öçí∫®Ωç ÉçéÌ-éπJü∆EûÓ ´÷JpúÕ îËÆæ’-èπ◊-Ø√o®Ω’. Change= ´÷®Ω’p/ ´÷®Ωúøç. There is a change in the rule = E•ç-üµ¿-†™ ´÷®Ω’pçC.

Spoken English -§ƒ-ûª -¢√u≤ƒ-©éÓÆæç -éÀxé˙ -îË-ߪ’ç-úÕ.. URL: http://www.eenadu.net/spoken/spoken.htm

-Ç-C-¢√®Ωç 27 -V-™„j 2008

Ñ-Ø√-úø’ £j«-ü¿®√-¶«-ü˛

Visisht: The whole city was plunged into darkness for an hour last night. I ended up almost crashing into a lorry.

(E†o ®√vA í∫çô-ÊÆ°æ¤ †í∫-®Ω-´’çû√ <éπöx ´·E-T-§Ú-®·çC. *´-JéÀ ؈’ ã ™«KéÀ úµŒéÌ--†oçûª °æ†-®·çC) Vikranth: What's so surprising about it? These things do happen. I think it was due to the power cut.

(Åçü¿’™ Åçûª Ǩ¡a-®Ωu-°æ-úË-üË-´·çC? É™«çöÀN ï®Ω’-í∫’-ûª÷ØË Öçö«®·. ÅC Nü¿’uûª’h éÓûª ´©x ņ’-èπ◊çö«.) Visisht: But isn't the power cut from 3 to 6 in the evening? I am talking about the power going off at 9.

(Nü¿’uûª’h éÓûª ≤ƒßª’çvûªç 3 †’ç* 6 ´®Ωèπ◊ éπü∆? ؈’ ´÷ö«x-úËC 9 í∫çô-©èπ◊ current §Ú´úøç í∫’Jç*) Vikranth: Power supply is erratic these days. It doesn't fit in with the government's promise of limiting the power cut to regular hours.

2

complicated = thoroughly =

ÆæçéÀx-≠d-¢æ Á’i†/ Ææ’©¶µºç é¬ØË-é¬E èπ~◊ùoçí¬/ °æ‹Jhí¬

Vikranth: (It was) quite a surprize win for the government. It had almost written off the support of some of the parties.

(ÅC v°æ¶µº’-û√y-EéÀ Ǩ¡a-®Ωu-éπ-®Ω-¢Á’i† Nï-ߪ’¢Ë’. éÌEo §ƒKd© ´’ü¿lûª’ O’ü¿ ü∆ü∆°æ¤ †´’téπç éÓ™p-®·ç-ü¿C) Visisht: I did expect the government to sail through. After all, horse-trading is not new to us.

(؈’ Èí©’-Ææ’hç-ü¿ØË Å†’-èπ◊Ø√o. àüË-¢Á’iØ√ àüÓ-N-üµ¿çí¬ ´’ü¿lûª’ ûÁa-éÓ-´úøç ´’†èπ◊ éÌûËhç é¬ü¿’-éπü∆?) Vikranth: OK. Let's wind up our discussion here. How about taking a good walk along the tankbund.

(ÆæÍ®™‰. Éçéπ Ωa ´·Tü∆lç. ¢Áç•úÕ é¬ÊÆ°æ¤ †úø’-ü∆l´÷?)

Tankbund

Visisht: Sorry, I don't feel up to it. I am tired. (I) wish to go home and take rest. (Sorry,

b) Stock market prices which had plunged last week recovered with the UPA victory = stock market UPA

véÀûªç ¢√®Ωç °æûª-†-¢Á’i† Èí©’-°æ¤ûÓ éÓ©’-èπ◊-Ø√o®·.

c) He plunged into the river to save the drowning child =

´·E-T-§Ú-ûª’†o Gúøf†’ ®ΩéÀ~ç-îËç-ü¿’èπ◊ Åûªúø’ †C-™éÀ ü¿÷é¬úø’.

d) The robber plunged a knife into the man's chest =

Ç üÓ°œ-úÕ-üÌçí∫ Åûª-úÕE éπAhûÓ §ÒúÕ-î√úø’.

e) Soon after Gandhi's returned from South Africa he plunged into politics=

Åçûª ã°œé𠙉C-°æ¤púø’ Ø√èπ◊. Å©-Æœ§Úߪ÷. ÉçöÀÈéRx Nv¨»çA BÆæ’-èπ◊ç-ü∆-´’E ņ’-èπ◊çô’Ø√o) -Ççí∫x-¶µ«-≠æ-ù 481

(Nü¿’uû˝ Ææ®Ω-°∂æ®√ äéπ °æü¿l¥-Aí¬ Öçúø-ôç-™‰D ®ÓV™x. v°æA-®ÓW EKgûª Ææ´’-ߪ÷-EéÀ (éÓûª) °æJ-N’-ûªçí¬ØË Öçô’ç-ü¿†o v°æ¶µº’ûªy £æ…O’éÀ §Òçûª† èπ◊ü¿-®Ωü¿’) erratic= äéπ °æü¿l¥A ™‰èπ◊çú≈ Visisht: The whole nation is crying out for more power and we are unable to step up our power generation.

üµ¿®Ω©’,

ü¿éÀ~-ù«-v°∂œé¬ †’ç* AJT ®√í¬ØË, í¬çDµ ®√ï-éÃ-ߪ÷™xéÀ v°æ¢Ë-Pçî√úø’/ ´·E-T-§Ú-ߪ÷úø’. (´·êuçí¬ Öû√q-£æ«çûÓ, sudden í¬ îËߪ’úøç)

a) The crying need of the hour is a leader of great leader =

v°æÆæ’hûªç ü˨»-EéÀ Åûªu-´-Ææ-®Ω-¢Á’i-†C ã íÌ°æp Ø√ߪ’-èπ◊úø’.

b) Full employment is the crying need of the hour =

°æ‹Jh ÖüÓu-Tûª É°æpöÀ Åûªu-´-Ææ®Ω N≠æߪ’ç. v°æÆæ’hûª/ ´’†ç ´÷ö«x-úø’-ûª’†o

of the hour =

Ææ´’-ߪ’°æ¤ 4) It had written off - to write some person/ something off =

äéπ ´uéÀh/ ã N≠æߪ’ç í∫’Jç* Ǩ¡ ´ü¿-©’-éÓ-´úøç. ´·êuçí¬ ´Ææ÷-©’-é¬E ¶«é醒 ´ü¿’©’-éÓ-´úøç/ Ǩ¡ ´ü¿’-©’-éÓ-´úøç.

a) The company has written off the amount as a bad debt company

= ´Ææ÷©’ îËÆæ’-éÓ-™‰E ¶«éÃí¬ Ç Ç ¢Á·û√hEo ´ü¿’-©’-èπ◊çC.

b) The old parents have written off their son as totally unhelpful =

Ç ´·ÆæL ûªLxü¿çvúø’©’ ûª´’ éÌúø’èπ◊ Ææ£æ…-ߪ’ç-O’ü¿ Ǩ¡ ´ü¿’-©’-èπ◊-Ø√o®Ω’.

.. cr ying out for a cor r uption fr ee govt

(ü˨¡ç ¢Á·ûªhç áèπ◊\´ current 鬢√-©E °∂æ’≠æ°-úø’-ûÓçC, Daily real life situations ™E con´’†¢Ë’¢Á÷ Nü¿’u-ü¿’-ûªp-AhE °çîª-™‰-éπ-§Ú- versation ™ áü¿’-®ΩßË’u ´’J-éÌEo expressions Ñ lesson ™ îª÷ü∆lç. ûª’Ø√oç) Å®·ûË Ñ≤ƒJ expressions are of a step up= °çîªúøç/ áèπ◊\´ îËߪ’úøç slightly higher level. ÉC èπÿú≈ pracVikranth: That's exactly why our central governîËü∆lç, ´’† daily language ™ tise ment wants to sign the nuclear deal ¶µ « í∫ ç îËÆæ’-èπ◊çü∆ç. with the US. It will give us what we need very badly- plenty of electric power.

(ÆæJí¬_ Åçü¿’Íé ´’† Íéçvü¿ v°æ¶µº’ûªyç Å¢Á’-J-é¬ûÓ Åù’ ä°æpçü¿ç èπ◊ü¿’-®Ω’a-éÓ-¢√-©-†’èπ◊ç-öçC. ´’†èπ◊ ´·êuçí¬ é¬´-©-Æœ†– Nü¿’u-îªa ¥-éÀhE ÅC-Ææ’hçC.) Visisht: It's not as simple as all that, friend. It's all very complicated. I doubt how many politicians that voted on the confidence motion know thoroughly about it.

(Åçûª Ææ’©-¶µº-¢Á’i† N≠æ-ߪ’-¢Ë’O’ é¬ü¿C. ÅÆæ©’ ¢Á·†o N¨»y-Ææ-B-®√t-†ç™ ãõ‰-Æœ† ®√ï-éÃ-ߪ’-¢√-ü¿’™x áçûª ´’çCéÀ ü∆E í∫’Jç* èπ~◊ùoçí¬ ûÁ©’-Ææ-ØËC Ø√éπ-†’-´÷†¢Ë’.)

Look at the following expressions from the dialogue above

2) Fit in with:

¢Á·ü¿öx Ééπ\úø °æE-îË-Ææ’h-†o¢√-∞¡xûÓ Ææ®Ω’l-éÓ-™‰-éπ-§Ú-ߪ÷úø’.

M.SURESAN

- A Sridhar, Oripenta

A.

Å®Ωnç, Ö°æ-ßÁ÷í∫ç ûÁ©’-°æ-í∫-©®Ω’. 2. grace or god's grace? àC éπÈ®èπ◊d? 3. turnkey Å®Ωnç Ö°æ-ßÁ÷í∫ç ûÁ©’-°æ-í∫-©®Ω’. 4. Benchmark Å®Ωnç àN’öÀ? ᙫ -¢√-ú≈L? 5. Earmark †’ ᙫ Ö°æ-ßÁ÷-Tç-îª-´îª’a? 6. Grams èπ◊ ÉçéÓ Å®Ωnç í∫’Jç* N´-Jç-îª-í∫-©®Ω’. 7. Abbreviation for telegram Åçõ‰ àN’öÀ? 8. Bindover Å®Ωnç, Ö°æ-ßÁ÷í∫ç N´-Jç-îª-í∫-©®Ω’. 9. Boost Åçõ‰ àN’öÀ? 10. éÀçC ¢√é¬u-©†’ ÉçTx-≠ˇ™ ᙫ Åçö«®Ω’? a) †’´¤y ´≤ƒh-†çõ‰ ØË ´ü¿lç-ö«Ø√? b) †’´¤y ´≤ƒh-†çõ‰ ؈’ ´ü¿lç-ö«†’.

b) Your arrangements do not fit in with your plans =

F à®√pô’x F

ÅC ´ü¿’©’-éÓ-™‰-†çûª °ü¿l ¢Á·ûªhç

d) I've written off our leaders and parties as good for nothing =

´’† Ø√ߪ’èπ◊©’, §ƒKd©’ üËEéà °æE-éÀ-®√®ΩE ؈’ Ǩ¡ ´ü¿’-©’-èπ◊Ø√o. 5) To sail through = í∫çúøç í∫úÕ* í∫õ„d-éπ\úøç. a) The UPA has sailed through the confidence vote = UPA

v°æ¶µº’ûªyç í∫çúøç í∫úÕ* í∫õ„d-éÀ\çC. Èí©’-°æ¤èπ◊ Ç ïô’d í∫çúøç í∫úÕ* í∫õ„d-éÀ\çC.

b) The team sailed through to a win =

c) No one expected him to sail through to success in the exam =

°æK-éπ~™ í∫çúøç í∫úÕ* Åûªúø’ ØÁí∫’_-û√-úøE á´®Ω÷ ņ’-éÓ-™‰ü¿’. 1) The whole city was plunged into darkness c) Where do I fit in here? You are all doctors 6) Wind up - wound up (PT & PP) = ´·Tç-îªúøç and I am an engineer = ØËE-éπ\úø ᙫ É´’-úø2) It doesn't fit in with ... leader wound up his speech with an û√†’? O’®Ωç-ü¿®Ω÷ doctors; ؈’ engineer †’. a) The 3) The whole nation is crying out for more power. appeal to the students to serve the society 3) Cry out for = î√™« Å´-Ææ-®Ω-¢Á’i-†-ü∆-E-éÓÆæç Ç®√-ô4) It had written off the support of some of the = Nü∆u-®Ω’n-©†’ Ææ´÷-ï-ÊÆ´ îËߪ÷-Lqç-Cí¬ éÓ®Ω’ûª÷, °æ-úøôç/ éÓ®Ω’-éÓ-´úøç. parties. Çߪ’† ûª† Ö°æ-Ø√u-≤ƒEo ´·Tç-î√úø’. a) Having lost its parents the child is crying b) Let's wind up the show = Ñ v°æü¿-®Ωz††’ 5) I did expect the govt to sail through out for parental love= ûªLx-ü¿ç-vúø’-©†’ §ÚíÌ-ô’dÉçûª-öÀûÓ ´·Tü∆lç. 6) Let's wind up our discussion here. èπ◊†o Ç Gúøf ûªLx-ü¿ç-vúø’© vÊ°´’éÓÆæç Ç®√-ô-°æ-úø’- c) Because of losses they have decided to 1) Plunge (Past tense & PP: Plunged): °æúÕ-§ÚûÓçC. wind up their business = †≥ƒd-©-´©x ¢√u§ƒ-®√Eo ´úøç/ ü¿÷éπúøç/ ´·†-í∫úøç/ ´·çîªúøç b) The country is crying out for a corruption ´‚ÊÆ-ߪ÷-©E E®Ωg-®·ç--èπ◊-Ø√o®Ω’ ¢√∞¡Ÿx. a) He climbed up the tower and plunged to his free government = ü˨¡ç ÅN-FA ™‰E v°æ¶µº’ûªyç death = Tower O’C-ÈééÀ\ °æúÕ-§Ú-ߪ÷úø’ î√´¤ éÓÆæç Ç®√-ô-°æ-úÕ-§Ú-ûÓçC. éπL-Í홫. (Tower O’C-ÈééÀ\ °æúÕ îªE-§Ú-ߪ÷úø’– DEéÀ Ææç•ç-Cµç-*çüË, crying need = î√™« Å´-Ææ-®Ωv°æ´÷-ü¿-´-¨»ûª’h 鬴a/ Çûªt-£æ«û√u 鬴a) ¢Á’i† N≠æߪ’ç.

؈’ ´≤ƒh-†çõ‰ †’´¤y ´ü¿lç-ö«¢√? d) ؈’ ´≤ƒh-†çõ‰ †’´¤y ´ü¿lç-ö«´¤. 1. Elect, Select

Suit

a) In the beginning he found it difficult to fit in with the people working here =

c)

Q.

ÆæJ-§Ú-´úøç/

鬴úøç/ É´’-úøôç

c) It's too big an amount to be written off =

1) Elect = President =

ᆒo-éÓ-´úøç. They elected him ÅûªúÕE Åüµ¿u-èπ~◊-úÕí¬ á†’o-èπ◊Ø√o®Ω’ ¢√∞¡Ÿx. †©’-í∫’-È®j-ü¿’-í∫’®Ω’ éπLÆœ ã ŶµºuJnE ᆒo-éÓ-´úøç. Select = áç-éÓ-´úøç/ áç°œéπ îËÆæ’-éÓ-´úøç. He selected this shirt from among the ten shirts there= shirts shirt

Åéπ\-úø’†o 10 ™ Åûªúø’ Ñ †’ áç-èπ◊-Ø√oúø’/ áç°œéπ îËÆæ’-èπ◊-Ø√oúø’. (ÉC äéπ\Í® îËßÁ·îª’a/ áèπ◊\´ ´’çD îËßÁ·îª’a) É≠æd-°æ-úø-ô-´’E èπÿú≈ Å®Ωnç.

2) God's grace. correct 3) Turnkey=

É´yúøç.

¢ÁçôØË ¢√úËç-ü¿’èπ◊ O©’í¬ ûªßª÷-®Ω’-îËÆœ

°æü∑¿éπç v°æ鬮Ωç ™‰´¤.

The company executes projects on a turn key basis =

v§ƒñ„-èπ◊d-©†’ ¢√úËç-ü¿’èπ◊ Æœü¿l¥çí¬ ÖçúË™« ûªßª÷-®Ω’-îËÆœ ÉÆæ’hçC Ç éπç°F. 4) Benchmark = Ø√ùuû√ v°æ´÷ùç.

Sachin's play is the benchmark against with other players can be judged = Sachin

≤ƒ´’-®√n uEo éÌL-îËç-ü¿’èπ◊ BÆæ’-èπ◊ç-ö«®Ω’. 5) Earmark - 1) Íéö«-®·ç-îªúøç.

Éûª®Ω véÃú≈-é¬-®Ω’© †’ v°æ´÷-ùçí¬

(usually passive)

50% of the seats are earmarked for backward classes = seat

50 ¨»ûªç ©’ ¢Á†’-éπ-•-úÕ† ´®√_-©èπ◊ Íéö«®·çî√®Ω’. 2) äéπ °æEéÀ/ ÖüËl-¨»-EéÀ üËE-ØÁjØ√, á´JØÁjØ√ ņ’-éÓ´úøç/ í∫’Jhç-îªúøç. Rahul Gandhi is earmarked as the future PM of India =

¶µ«N v°æüµ∆-Eí¬ ®√£æ›-™¸-í¬çDµ í∫’Jhç--úø’-ûª’-Ø√oúø’/ ņ’-èπ◊ç-ô’-Ø√o®Ω’.

6) American spelling of Gramme. 7) Abbreviation for telegram Company telegram telegraphic address

éÌEo ©’ ûª´’èπ◊ ûªèπ◊\´ üµ¿®ΩûÓ °æçÊ°ç-ü¿’-éÀîËa Ê°®Ω’. ÉC ®√ÊÆh ™ ´÷ô©’ ûªT_ §Òü¿’°æ¤ Å´¤ûª’çC. 8) Bindover = (ØË®√-©èπ◊ Ææç•ç-Cµç*) àüÁjØ√, à v°æü˨¡ç-™-ØÁjØ√ ïJÍí ØË®√-©èπÿ, äéπ-J°j ïJÍí ᙫçöÀ üˆ®Ω-bØ√u-EéÃ, á´-J-ØÁjØ√ ¶«üµ¿’u-©’í¬ îËߪ’úøç. ÉC Police ©’ Ø訽 îªJvûª Ö†o-¢√-∞¡x†’ éπôdúÕ îËÊÆ Nüµ¿ç. 9) Boost = v§Úû√q£æ«ç, ´’ü¿lûª’ É´yúøç. 10. a) If you wish to come you're welcome. b) I am against your coming/ if you want to come, I will say no. c) If I want to come, Will you say no? d) If I want to come, you will say no.

Spoken English -§ƒ-ûª -¢√u≤ƒ-©éÓÆæç -éÀxé˙ -îË-ߪ’ç-úÕ.. URL: http://www.eenadu.net/spoken/spoken.htm

-´’çí∫-∞¡-¢√®Ωç 29 -V-™„j 2008

Ñ-Ø√-úø’ £j«-ü¿®√-¶«-ü˛

2

'Can I have your pen?' 'of course you can' (ûª°æp-èπ◊çú≈). Éçé¬ 'ÅC ûÁ©’-Ææ÷hØË ÖçC éπü∆?— ÅØË Å®Ωnç èπÿú≈ ´Ææ’hçC.

Q.

'Did India lose in the finals?'

1.

' Åûª-úÕE Ø√èπ◊ °æJ-îªßª’ç îÁߪ’u¢√?—— – DEE ÉçTx-≠ˇ™ à´’ç-ö«®Ω’? 2. "How do you do?" ņo-°æ¤púø’ ´’†ç AJT ÅüË ¢√éπuç îÁ°æpúøç Ææ´÷-üµ∆†ç ᙫ Å´¤ûª’çC? 3. Of course †’ àßË’ Ææçü¿-®√s¥™x ¢√úø-û√®Ω’? 4. ' F éÓÆæç áEo É•sç-ü¿’-™„-ü¿’-®Ì\-Ø√oØÓ Fèπ◊ ûÁLߪ’ü¿’?——– DEE ÉçTx-≠ˇ™ à´’ç-ö«®Ω’? 5. Å¢√-®Ω’fèπ◊, J¢√-®Ω’fèπ◊ ´’üµ¿u ûËú≈ àN’öÀ? 6. ' ØËEçûË— ņ-ú≈-EéÀ ÉçTx-≠ˇ™ à´’-Ø√L? 7. ' ¢Áüµ¿´ (îÁûªh) Ææ©-£æ…-L-´yèπ◊— – DEE ÉçTx-≠ˇ™ à´’ç-ö«®Ω’?

(ÉçúÕߪ÷

1) Won't you/ wouldn't you/ why don't you/ introduce him to me?/ How about introducing him to me?

2) "How do you do?"

†’ v°æ¨¡o ®Ω÷°æç™ Ö†o Ææ´÷-üµ∆-†çí¬ BÆæ’-éÓ-¢√L. ÅC English ¢√∞¡x Ææçv°æü∆ߪ’ç. 3) éπ*a-ûªçí¬/ ÅçûË-éπü∆/ ÅC ¢ËÍ® îÁ§ƒp™«? Ñ Å®√n™‰ é¬èπ◊çú≈ ´’®√u-ü¿-éπ-®Ωçí¬ Å†’-´’A É´y-ú≈EéÀ èπÿú≈ ¢√úøû√ç.

Q.

äéπJ ÊÆ´-©èπ◊, íÌ°æp-ûª-Ø√-EéÀ, v°æA-¶µºèπ◊ ÉîËa •£æ›-´’A, G®Ω’ü¿’, Ææû√\®Ωç. Award- ´÷´‚-©’í¬ éÌçûª-é¬-©çí¬ äéπJ éπ%≠œ/ v°æA¶µºèπ◊ í∫’Jhç°æ¤. Reward- äéπ EKgûª¢Á’i† °æEéÀ ÉîËa •£æ›-´’A. a) Reward for good behaviour (´’ç* †úø-´úÕéÀ °æ¤®Ω-≤ƒ\®Ωç) b) The father rewarded the son for his good score in the exam

(°æK-éπ~™ ´’ç*

´÷®Ω’\-©èπ◊ •£æ›-´’A) éπ%≠œ, v¨¡´’èπ◊ v°æA-°∂æ©ç èπÿú≈

reward. 6) I am what I am/ That's what I am. 7) Don't give stupid/ useless advice.

-Ççí∫x-¶µ«-≠æ-ù

1. Who knows the answer?

(Ææ´÷-üµ∆†ç á´-JéÀ ûÁ©’Ææ’ ÅØË Å®ΩnçûÓ) ûª°æ¤p-éπü∆? -O’®Ω-™« -¢√-ú≈®Ω’. Ééπ\úø whom •ü¿’©’ who Öçú≈-L-éπü∆? 2. What brings you here? ÅØ√o®Ω’. Ñ ¢√éπuç simple present ™ ÖçC éπü∆. You ûÓ verb èπ◊ s îË®Ω-ü¿’-éπü∆, ÅçûË-é¬-èπ◊çú≈ question form ûÓ do/ does ¢√ú≈-L-éπü∆? 3. ' à £æ«Ùô-™¸™ Öçö«®· °æ‹K©’?—— DEE ÉçTx-≠ˇ™ ᙫ îÁ§ƒpL? DE™ sub, verb, object àN’öÀ? ¢√öÀE ᙫ Å´’-®√aL? 4. Gold Rush Åçõ‰ àN’öÀ? ÉC ¢√úø’-éπ™ Öçü∆? 5. Certainly, O.K., Of course.. OöÀ-´’üµ¿u ûËú≈ àN’öÀ? 6. O’®Ω’ "She went/ left for the U.S. last week ÅØ√o®Ω’. Left Åçõ‰ ´ü¿-©úøç éπü∆. ´uA-Í®éπ Å®Ωnç ®√ü∆? ûÁ©’-í∫’™ 'á´-JéÀ— ÅE ¢√úÕ-†-°æp-öÀéÃ, English ™ know èπ◊ ûÁL-ߪ’úøç ÅE îÁÊ°pç-ü¿’èπ◊ I/ we/ you/ he/ she/ it/ they/ who ÅØË Åçö«ç, me/ us/ him/ her/ them/ whom ®√ü¿’. 2) Simple present ™ he/ she/ it èπ◊ ´÷vûª¢Ë’ verb èπ◊ 's' or 'es' îË®Ω’≤ƒhç. What/ who ûÓ éÌEo Ææçü¿-®√s¥™x question èπ◊ do/ does ®√ü¿’, ´·êuçí¬ 'who' ûÓ. Who does know/ who does like ™«çöÀ question forms ™‰´¤.

Q.

we - subject, do get (=get)- verb.

- Lakshmana Rao, Jangareddygudem A. 1. Either-orEither Guntur or Vijayawada will be the venue of meeting =

ÅüÁjØ√/ÉüÁjØ√ (È®çúÕç-öÀ™/ Éü¿l-J™)

482

àúÕç-öÀéÀ Ç

train Vijayawada

´ü¿’-©’-ûª’çC.

´÷ Ø√†oèπ◊ éÓ°æç éπL-TçîË v°æ´÷-ü∆-EéÀ Æœü¿l¥-°æúÕ Ø√ girl friend †’ ÆœE-´÷èπ◊ BÆæ’-Èé∞«x.

- A. Penchalaiah, Rajampeta A. 1) On the other hand= ..., on the other hand

ÉC on the one hand ÅØË phrase ™ ¶µ«í∫ç. °æ®Ω-Ææp®Ωç Gµ†oçí¬, ´·êuçí¬ ´uA-Í®-éπçí¬ Ö†o ¶µ«¢√-©†’ ûÁ©-§ƒ-©-†’-èπ◊-†o-°æ¤púø’ Ñ phrase ¢√úøû√ç. Å®Ωnç: äéπ-¢Áj-Ê°¢Á÷... ÉçéÓ-¢Áj-Ê°¢Á÷...

a) On the one hand he wants to see the film actor, but on the other he doesn't want to miss the class= class

Åûª-úÕéÀ äéπ-¢Áj-Ê°¢Á÷ Ç †ô’úÕo îª÷ú≈-©E ÖçC, ´’®Ó-¢Áj°æ¤ §ÚíÌ-ô’d-éÓ-´úøç É≠ædç-™‰ü¿’.

b) On the one hand she knows she can't go alone, but on the other (hand) she is unwilling to ask for other's help=

(äéπ-¢ÁjÊ°¢Á÷) ûªØË¢Á÷ äçô-Jí¬ ¢Á∞¡x-™‰ü¿’. ´’®Ó-¢Áj°æ¤ Éûª-®Ω’© ≤ƒßª’ç Åúø-í∫úøç ûª†-éÀ-≠dçæ -™‰ü¿’. 2) At the risk of= Åçûª v°æ´÷-ü¿-¢Á’i-†-°æp-öÀéÃ/ î√™« v°æ´÷-ü∆-EéÀ Æœü¿l¥-°æúÕ – (´·êuçí¬ ´’† ûÁL-N-™‰-Eûª†ç •ßª’-ô-°æúË v°æ´÷ü¿ç/ Éûª-®Ωxèπ◊ éÓ°æç éπLTçîË Nüµ¿çí¬) a) At the risk of angering my father, I took my girl friend to a movie=

Q.

4)

The train leaves Vijayawada at 7 =

í∫’çô÷-®Ω’-í¬F, Nï-ߪ’-¢√-úøí¬F Ç Æ涵ºèπ◊ ¢ËC-éπí¬ Öçô’çC. Neither - nor (È®çúÕç-öÀ™  àD-™‰ü¿’) I like neither idly nor puri= Ø√èπ◊ ÉúŒx É≠æd癉ü¿’, °æ‹K É≠ædç-™‰ü¿’.

1. On the other hand. 2. At the risk of 3. Quondam friend 4. Read between the lines. 5. Red letter day. 6. To and fro. 7. White elephant. 8. Wear and tear. 9. While away. 10. Go to the wall.

1. Demise, Die, Expire, Pass away ...

OöÀ

´’üµ¿u ûËú≈ àN’öÀ?

áéπ\-úÁjØ√ •çí¬®Ωç ÖçC ÅE ûÁ©’-Ææ’-èπ◊E í∫’ç°æ¤©’ í∫’ç°æ¤-©’í¬ v°æï-©-éπ\-úÕéÀ ¢Á∞¡xúøç. 5) Certainly= of course= éπ*a-ûªçí¬/ correct. OK = ÆæÍ®™‰/ all right. 6) Left ÅØËC leave èπ◊ past tense. Leave Åçõ‰ ´C-™‰-ߪ’-úø-´’ØË Å®Ωn¢Ë’ é¬èπ◊çú≈, äéπ v°æü˨¡ç ´C-L-¢Á-∞¡xúøç (= •ßª’-©’-üË-®Ωúøç/ ¢ÁRx-§Ú´úøç) ÅØË Å®Ωnç èπÿú≈ ÖçC.

í∫’-Jç-* N´-Jçîªí∫©®Ω’. -Ñ -¢√é¬u-©-†’ ÉçTx-≠ˇ™ ᙫ ®√ߪ÷™ ûÁ©’-°æí∫-©®Ω’. á) ´®Ω-ü¿©’ H¶µº-û√qEo Ææ%≠œd-Ææ’h-Ø√o®·. G) †≠æd-§Ú-®·†¢√JéÀ Æ‘áç °æé¬\ É∞¡Ÿx éπöÀd-≤ƒh´’E £æ…O’ Éî√a®Ω’. Æœ) Ç °æúø´ FöÀ™ ´·ET-§Ú-®·çC. -úÕ) v°æ¶µº’ûªyç É*a† £æ…O’-©†’ ØÁ®Ω¢Ë-®Ωa-™‰-éπ-§Ú-®·çC. -É) ¢√ߪ·-í∫’çúøç Å©p- °‘-úø†çí¬ ´÷Í® Å´-é¬-¨¡ç ÖçC.

-Ñ °æü∆-©èπ◊ Å®√n-©†’ Öü∆-£æ«-®Ω-ù-©ûÓ ûÁ©’-°æí∫-©®Ω’.

1)

3) Where/ In which restaurant do we get puris?

Q. 1. Either - or, Neither - nor, though - but, not only but also 2.

Though= but = Though he is rich he does not spend much = He is rich but he doesn't spend much =

Å®·-†-°æp-öÀéÃ,

Å®·ûË.

Åûªúø’ üµ¿E-èπ◊úÁj†°æp-öÀéà áèπ◊\´ ê®Ω’a-°-ôdúø’ = Åûªúø’ üµ¿Eèπ◊úø’ é¬F áèπ◊\´ ê®Ω’a °ôdúø’. Not only but also = ÅüËí¬éπ ÉC èπÿú≈. He is not only handsome but also clever =

Åûªúø’ Åçü¿-í¬úË é¬èπ◊çú≈ ûÁL-N-í∫-©-¢√úø’ èπÿú≈. 2. a) The floods are causing havoc. b) The CM has assured those affected/ the victims that proper houses would be built for them. c) The boat sank. d) The government hasn't been able to keep its promises. e) The cyclonic wind is likely to turn into a depression.

a car can be a white elephant

- B.Viveka Satyanandam, Korukonda

A.

™ ãúÕ-§Ú-®·çü∆?)— ÅçûË-í¬éπ ´’Í®-´·çC)

5) Award-

- Dr.Ramesh, J.Krishna, Rajapuram

A.

finals

'of course, it did' ( 4) You don't know how much trouble I faced for your sake.

2. Dismissal, removal, retrench

OöÀ Å®√n-

©†’ N´-Jç-îª-í∫-©®Ω’. - N.Pentaiah, Ghatkeswar

A.

1. Demisecompany/

äéπ Å®Ωnç– äéπ ÆæçÆæn/ ´u´Ææn/ °æü∑¿éπç. OöÀ Åçûªç ™‰ü∆ N°∂æ©ç ÅE. ´’®Ωùç ÅØË Å®ΩnçûÓ îªôd-°æ-J-¶µ«-≠æ™, ví¬çC∑-éπçí¬ í¬F, £æ…≤ƒu-EéÀ í¬F ´÷vûª¢Ë’ ¢√úøû√®Ω’. ´÷´‚©’ spoken/ written English ™ ¢√úø®Ω’. Die- îªE-§Ú-´úøç- Indian English ™ ´’®Ωùç ÅØË Å®ΩnçûÓ ÉC ¢√úøôç î√™«-´’çC ûª°æ¤pí¬

M.SURESAN

b) The government wants to sign the nuclear pact even at the risk of our independence =

´’† ≤ƒyûªçvû√uEo éÓ™pßË’ v°æ´÷-ü∆-EéÀ èπÿú≈ Æœü¿l¥-°æúÕ, ´’† v°æ¶µº’ûªyç Å¢Á’-J-é¬ûÓ Åù’ ä°æpçü¿ç èπ◊ü¿’-®Ω’a-éÓ-¢√©-†’-èπ◊ç-öçC. 3) Quondam friend= §ƒûª-é¬-©°æ¤ ÊÆo£œ«-ûª’úø’. ÉC î√™« ví¬çC∑éπç/ §ƒçúÕûªuç. Quondam •ü¿’©’, one-time ¢√úøôç ¢Á’®Ω’í∫’. 4) Read between the lines= find out a meaning not directly stated-

°jéÀ éπE-°œç-îªE Å®Ωnç

(äéπ ®Ωîª-†™) Reading between the lines, I am sure she wants a share in the property =

Ç¢Á’ îÁÊ°p-ü∆-EéÀ °jéÀ ûÁL-ߪ’E Å®Ωnç, ûª†èπ◊ ÇÆœh™ ¢√ö« 鬢√-©E.

5) Red letter day- A very important day/ A day that we can't forget easily. Aug 15 is a red letter day in the history of India. 6) To and fro = to and from =

Åô’ Éô’

a) In his worry he was walking to and fro in the room =

Å´’-®√u-ü¿-éπ-®Ωçí¬ ¶µ«Nç*, demise/ expire ÅE ¢√úø’-ûª’ç-ö«®Ω’. ÅC ÆæJ-é¬ü¿’. Die Å´’-®√uü¿éπ®Ω¢Á’i† °æü¿ç-é¬ü¿’; Ææ£æ«-ï-¢Á’i† ¶µ«≠æ™ ¶µ«í∫ç. Demise/ expire, die éÀ •ü¿’©’ ¢√úøôç– ´÷´‚©’ spoken/ written English ™ îµ√çü¿Ææçí¬, ví¬çC∑-éπçí¬ Öçô’çC. Expire: üËE-ÈéjØ√ 鬩ç îÁ©xúøç. äéπ °ævû√-EéÀ/ ä°æpç-ü∆-EéÀ/ °æü¿-NéÀ 鬩ç ü∆öÀ-§Ú®· ÅC à´÷vûªç Å´’™x ™‰éπ-§Ú-´úøç. ´’çü¿’© N≠æ-ߪ’ç™ èπÿú≈ äéπ EKgûª 鬩ç ûª®√yûª ¢√úø-EN date expired Å´¤-û√®·. Expire èπ◊ î√´¤ ÅØË Å®Ωnç ÖçC, Å®·ûË ÉC î√™« ví¬çC∑éπç– spoken English ™ §ƒçúÕûªuç Å´¤-ûª’çC.

ÇçüÓ-∞¡-†ûÓ í∫C™ Åô’ Éô’ A®Ω’-í∫’-ûª’-Ø√oúø’. b) You will be paid I class to and fro charges =

È®çúø’-¢Áj-°æ¤™«

I class charges

Fèπ◊ îÁLx-≤ƒh®Ω’.

7) White elephant= a very expensive thing=

î√™« êK-üÁj† ´Ææ’h´¤/ N≠æߪ’ç. In these days of spiralling oil prices, a car can be a white elephant= car

°vö™¸ üµ¿®Ω©’ N°æ-Kûªçí¬ Â°®Ω’-í∫’-ûª’†o Ñ ®ÓV™x, ¢√úøôç î√™« ê®Ωa-®·† N≠æߪ’ç. 8) Wear and tear= Å®Ω’-í∫ ’-ü¿© (´Ææ ’h-´¤©’, ´·êuçí¬ ¢√£æ«-Ø√-™«xçöÀN) The cost of a thing goes as decreasing because of a wear and tear =

Å®Ω’-í∫’-ü¿-©-´©x ´Ææ’h´¤ üµ¿®Ω ûªT_-§Úûª÷ Öçô’çC. 9) While away = 鬩çí∫úÕ-Ê°-ߪ’úøç °æF-§ƒ-ö«-™‰-èπ◊çú≈. While he is very busy, his brother whiles away time watching the TV= TV

Åûªúø’ BJ-éπ-™‰èπ◊çú≈ Öçõ‰, ÅûªúÕ ûª´·túø’ îª÷Ææ÷h 鬩ç í∫úÕ-Ê°-Ææ’hç-ö«úø’. 10) Go to the wall= ã company/ ÆæçÆæn Eüµ¿’© éÌ®Ω-ûª-´©x †≠æd-§Ú-´úøç/ N°∂æ-©-´’-´úøç, ¢√u§ƒ®Ωç îËߪ’-™‰-éπ-§Ú-´úøç. The company went to the wall because of mismanagement of funds= company

Eüµ¿’© ߪ’ï-´÷†≠æd-§Ú-®·çC/ †uç™ ™§ƒ-©-´©x ´‚ÊÆ-ߪ÷-Lq†/ Cèπ◊\-ûÓ-îªE °æJ-ÆœnA à®Ωp-úÕçC.

Pass away- îªE-§Ú-´úøç– Die ÅØË ´÷ô ¢√úøôç É≠ædç-™‰-éπ-§ÚûË ÉC ¢√úÌa. ÉC conversational. Ææ’©-¶µºçí¬ Å®Ωn´’ßË’u ´÷ô èπÿú≈. 2) Dismiss- ûÌ©-Tç-îªúøç. ÉC ´·êuçí¬, °æü¿-N™/ ÖüÓu-í∫ç™ Ö†o-¢√-JE PéÀ~ç-îËç-ü¿’èπ◊ ûÌ©-Tç-îªúøç. Remove èπÿú≈ ü∆ü∆°æ¤ ÉçûË. °æü¿N/ ÖüÓuí∫ç †’ç* ûÌ©-Tç-îªúøç, Péπ~í¬/ v°æB-é¬-®Ωçí¬. Retrench éÀ ÅÆæ-©®Ωnç– v°æ¶µº’ûªyç/ company ê®Ω’a ûªT_ç--éÓ-´-ú≈-E-éÀ-í¬F, §Òü¿’-°æ¤-éÓ-Ææç-í¬F ÖüÓuí∫’-©†’ BÊÆ-ߪ’úøç retrench. ÉC Péπ~/ v°æB鬮Ωçé¬ü¿’.

Spoken English -§ƒ-ûª -¢√u≤ƒ-©éÓÆæç -éÀxé˙ -îË-ߪ’ç-úÕ.. URL: http://www.eenadu.net/spoken/spoken.htm

í∫’®Ω’-¢√®Ωç 31 -V-™„j 2008

Ñ-Ø√-úø’ £j«-ü¿®√-¶«-ü˛ Åûª-úø’ -Å®Ω-í∫ç-ôí¬ cricket Çúø’-ûª’-Ø√oúø’ (É°æ¤púÕçé¬ Çúø’-ûª÷ØË ÖØ√oúø’) ÅØË Å®Ωnç ´Ææ’hçC. Present Perfect - Å°æpöÀ†’ç* É°æpöÀ´®Ωèπ◊. Present Perfect Continuous - Å°æpöÀ†’ç* Éçé¬. Å®·ûË Ñ ûËú≈ Åçûªí¬ §ƒöÀç-îª-†-éπ\®Ω™‰ü¿’. áçü¿’-éπçõ‰ I have been waiting for you for the past one hour. (Present Per. Cont) ÅØË sentence BÆæ’èπ◊çü∆ç. Ñ sentence, wait îËÆæ’h-†o¢√∞¡Ÿx, á´-J-éÓÆæç wait îËÆæ’h-Ø√o®Ó, ¢√∞¡xûÓ, ¢√∞¡Ÿx-´-*a†-°æ¤púË Å†-í∫-©®Ω’ éπü∆? ¢√∞¡Ÿx ´îËa-Æœ† ûª®√yûª waiting Å®·-§Ú-®·-†õ‰x éπü∆? Åçõ‰ Ééπ\úø Present Perfect Continuous Tense †’ Éçûª-´-®Ωèπÿ ïJ-T† °æEÍéí¬F, Éçé¬ continue Å´¤-ûª’†o action èπ◊ ¢√úøôç ™‰ü¿’ éπü∆? DEo•öÀd, ´’†èπ◊ ûÁL-ÊÆC: Present Perfect èπÿ, Present Perfect Continuous Tense èπÿ -ûË-ú≈ Åçûªí¬ ™‰ü¿E. Å®·ûË continuity E áèπ◊\´ stress îËߪ÷-Lq-†-°æ¤úø’ Pr. per. cont. tense better.

R.M.V.N. Ramakantha Rao, Visakhapatnam Q.

È®Ø˛ Åçú˛ ´÷JdØ˛ ¢√uéπ-®Ωù °æ¤Ææh-éπç™ véÀߪ’†’ Present Perfect Tense -™ àßË’ Ææçü¿-®√s¥™x ¢√ú≈™ îªJaÆæ÷h: "To denote an action beginning at some time in the past and continuing up to the present moment" Present Perfect Continuous Tense "The Present Perfect continuous is used for an action which began at some time in the past and is still continuing". confusion

ÅE ÖçC. ´’Sx í∫’Jç*

èπÿú≈ Å™«Íí ®√Ææ’çC.

ÉC é¬Ææh îª-í∫-©®Ω’.

èπ◊ í∫’-JîËÆæ’hçC. N´-Jç-

A. Present Perfect Tense talks of an action continuing up to the present moment, where as Present Perfect Continuous denotes an action starting in the past and continuing even now.

-Ççí∫x-¶µ«-≠æ-ù

He has played cricket for half an hour now cricket

Å®Ω-í∫ç-ôí¬ Çú≈úø’– É°æpöÀ´®Ωèπ◊. Éçé¬ Çúø’-ûª’-Ø√oú≈/ ÇÊ°-¨»ú≈ ÅØËC Ñ tense clear í¬ ûÁ-©’°æü¿’. Present Perfect ÅüË Continuous Å®·ûË (He has been U. Ajay Kumar, Adilabad

Q. Thingumabob = anonymous?

Q. Nom de plume = Agnomen = cognomen = soubriquet ?

A. Anonymous= (letters

-Ñ °æü∆-©Fo Ææ´÷-Ø√-®Ωn-é¬-™‰Ø√? äéπõ‰ = Nickname- ´÷®Ω’Ê°®Ω’ = ´’®Ó Ê°®Ω’. English ™ nickname Åíı-®Ω´ Ææ÷îªéπçé¬ü¿’.

Q. Perdition, subversion, spiflication, havoc, dilapidation, annihilation, devastation, extermination, damnation, extirpation, desolation

äéπ-õ‰Ø√? A. Perdition, damnation =

§ƒ°æ¤©’, î√´¤ ûª®√yûª §ÒçüË †®Ω-éπ-ߪ÷-ûª†. ¨»°æ-Ø√-®√n-©èπ◊ ¢√úË ´÷ô©’. N’í∫û√´÷ô-©Fo Ø√¨¡†ç ÅØË Å®ΩnçûÓ synonyms.

Q. Funeral song = cremation song = plaintive song = elegy = dirge = threnody? A. Plaintive song =

N≥ƒü¿ Uûªç. îªE-§Ú-®·†¢√J ñ«c°æ-鬮Ωnç ®√ÊÆ éπNûªyç. N’í∫-û√-´Fo äéπ\õ‰. Å®Ωnç– îª®Ω-´’-Uûªç. Elegy =

Q. Repository, necropolis, crematorium, crematory, cemetery, burial ground, grave yard. A. Repository

(ECµ)– N’í∫û√ ´÷ô-©ûÓ DEéÀ Ææç•çüµ¿ç ™‰ü¿’. Crematorium = Crematory = (´’%ûª-üË-£æ…©) ü¿£æ«-†-¨»© (¨¡t¨»†ç)

´†-¶µ-ï† ßª÷vûª. éπÈ®-ÍédØ√? A. Picnic= outing = fete champetre = - Fete champetre- French English

¶µï† ´÷ô–

N£æ…-®Ω-ߪ÷vûª ™ Å®Ω’ü¿’. Junket = Ææ®Ωü∆ߪ÷vûª, ´·êuçí¬ v°æñ«-üµ¿-†çûÓ. (´’† ´’çvûª’©’ v°æ¶µº’ûªy ê®Ω’aûÓ NüË-¨»©’ AJ-T®√-´-úøç ™«çöÀC) Jaunt = Ææ®Ωü∆ v°æߪ÷ùç Q. Journey = peregrination = travel äéπ-õ‰Ø√? A. Journey = Travel = Peregrination (§ƒçúÕûªuç) Q. Rialto= Market= Bazar É´Fo äéπ-õ‰Ø√? A. äéπõ‰. Q. Thorough fare = main road. éπÈ®Íé-dØ√? A. Correct.

Q.

A.

鬙¸ ÂÆçô®˝, G.°œ.ä. Æœ•sç-CéÀ võ„iEçí˚ ÉîËa ¢√®·Æˇ wõ„j-†-®˝í¬, English Language Trainer í¬ career áç-éÓ¢√-©†’èπ◊ç-ô’-Ø√o†’. Åçü¿’-èπ◊ 鬢√-Lq† Nü∆u-®Ω|-ûª©’, éÓ®Ω’q© N´-®√©’ ûÁ©’°æ-í∫-©®Ω’. O’ Ǩ¡ßª’ç î√™« ´’ç*üË. O’®Ω’ 1) English & îËߪ÷-LqçC–

Necropolis= burial ground = grave yard = cemetery

(´’%ûª-üË-£æ…-©†’)

(¨¡t¨»†ç)

äéπ-õ‰Ø√? A. Ñ éÀçC ¢√öÀéÀ ûª°æp N’í∫û√ ¢√öÀ-éÌÍé Å®Ωnç, ¢Ë¨¡u©E. Drab †’ Ñ Å®ΩnçûÓ É°æ¤púø’ ¢√úøôç ™‰ü¿’. Wench= Çúø-¢√-∞¡xèπ◊ é¬Ææh Å´’-®√u-ü¿-éπ-®Ω-¢Á’i† ´÷ô. Courtesan = ¢Ë¨¡u, Å®·ûË §ƒûª-®Ó-V™x ®√V-©éÌ-©’-´¤™ üË´-ü∆-Æ‘-©-™«çöÀ¢√∞¡Ÿx. É°æpöÀ ¢Ë¨»u-´%-Ah™ Ö†o Æ‘Y©-éÀC ´Jhç-îªü¿’.

Language CDs Ææ£æ…ߪ’ç BÆæ’-éÓ´úøç. 3) English speaking ¶«í¬ practise îËߪ’çúÕ. 4) Call centre training/ Accent training courses courses institutes

(£j«ü¿-®√-¶«-ü˛™  E®Ωy-£œ«çîË î√™« ÖØ√o®·.) ™ îË®ΩçúÕ. Péπ~ù §Òçü¿çúÕ. ÉC î√™« ´·êuç. áçûª O©’çõ‰ Åçûª English îªü¿-´çúÕ– ´·êuçí¬ novels ™«çöÀN. É™«çöÀ

™«çöÀN

¢ÁçôØË îËߪ’-úøç. 2) °j ¢√∞¡x

™ v°æA

ÉîËa ûÓ

°æ‹úÕa-°õ‰dîÓô’

Q. Moll, demirep, wench, drab, trollop, tramp, havlot, pro, whore, floozy, strumpet, scarlet woman, courtesan, adulteress, bawd, prostitute-

Foreign Languages University, Hyderabad Diploma course in communication skills 5) Eenadu spoken English Institute/ lessons lesson British Council/ Oxford/ conversation friend (s) English Cambridge practice

™

Æœü∆l¥ç-ûª-°æ-®Ωçí¬ 'shall' First persons ™ futurity E, second and third person ™ compulsion (command, promise, threat) E Ææ÷*-Ææ’hçC. Å™«Íí 'will' First Persons ™ certainty E, second and third person ™ futurity E Ææ÷*-Ææ’hçC éπü∆. é¬F v°æÆæ’hûªç Ñ û√®Ω-ûª-´÷u©’ ™‰èπ◊ç-ú≈ØË shall †’ will †’ indiscriminate í¬ ¢√úø’-ûª’-Ø√o®Ω’. °jí¬ shall î√™« Å®Ω’ü¿’í¬ éπE-°œ-≤ÚhçC. ÆæÈ®j-†-üËØ√? A. Modern English usage ™ shall èπÿ, will èπÿ ûËú≈ ü∆ü∆°æ¤ Åçûª-Jç-*-§Ú-®·çC. American English ™ shall ü∆ü∆°æ¤ ¢√úøôç ™‰ü¿’. I and we ûÓ ´÷vûª¢Ë’ shall ¢√úø’-ûª’-Ø√o®Ω’, ÅC èπÿú≈ -î√-™« ví¬ç-C∑éπç ņ’-èπ◊ç-ö«®Ω’. we/ I shall be happy,

Tramp=

Ê°®Ω’ -ûÁ-L-ߪ’-E/ -Å-ñ«c-ûª/ -Ææç-ûªéπç ™«çöÀN). Thingamabob = Ææ´’-ߪ÷™‰E EéÀ ÆæJí¬ í∫’®Ω’h®√E ´Ææ’h-´¤/ -´uéÀhéÀ ¢√úË ´÷ô.

Q. Picnic, junket, jaunt, outing, fete champetre=

SK Abbas, Nellore

Q.

•ü¿’©’, I/ we will be happy/ ÅØË ÅØË-Ææ’h-Ø√o®Ω’. British English ™ èπÿú≈ shall ¢√úøéπç I and we ûÓ questions èπ◊ ´÷vûª¢Ë’, ÅD offers/ suggestions èπ◊ ¢√úø’-ûª’-Ø√o®Ω’, Shall I make you some coffee/ shall we start? ™™«. ÉC ÆæÈ®j-†ü∆ é¬ü∆ ÅØË N≠æߪ’ç Educated people with English as mother tongue ᙫ ´÷ö«xúø-û√-®ΩØËü∆Eo •öÀd Öçô’çC éπü∆? Å™«çöÀ¢√∞¡x ¢√úø’éπ v°æßÁ÷-í¬™‰ standard Å´¤-û√®·. Usage is I/ we shall be late late

more powerful than grammar or dictionary

ÅØË Ææ÷éÀh ÖçúøØË ÖçC éπü∆. Native speakers ¢√úË expressions éÌçûª-é¬-™«-EéÀ dictionary/ grammar ™ accept Å´¤-ûª’ç-ö«®·. ÅC ´’†ç ÆæÈ®jçüË ÅE accept îËߪ÷LqçüË. ÅçûË-é¬-èπ◊çú≈ Åçü¿’-´©x language simplify Å´¤-ûÓçC. ÅC ´’ç*üË.

He has been playing cricket ..

playing cricket for the past half an hour)

A.

483

2

O’ îËߪ’çúÕ.

´·çü¿’

A.Sridhar, Oripenta Q. Cost to cost sale A.

Åçõ‰ ? é̆o üµ¿®ΩÍé Ţ˒t-ߪ’úøç ™«¶µºç ¢ËÆæ’-éÓ-èπ◊çú≈/ ûªßª÷®Ω’îËÆ œ† ê®Ω’aûÓ ™«¶µºç-™‰-èπ◊çú≈ Å´’túøç. Q. Up date Åçõ‰ àN’öÀ? A. Up date= Ñ éπ~ùç ´®Ωèπÿ ïJT†/ Ö†o N≠æ-ߪ÷-©†’ Ææ´÷-î√®√Eo ´÷®Ω’p-©†’ ûÁ©’-Ææ’-éÓ´úøç/ ûÁL-ߪ’-ñ‰-ߪ’úøç. Q. Upto date Åçõ‰ àN’öÀ? A. Up to date= û√ñ«/ †÷ûª†. Q. Bubbly Åçõ‰ àN’öÀ? A. Bubbly= 1) †’®Ω-í∫©’/ •’úø-í∫©ûÓ Ö†o (§ƒF-ߪ’ç-™«ç--öÀN)

Juggler= 4, 5 ´Ææ’h-´¤-©†’ (•çûª’-™«xçöÀ ¢√öÀE) í¬™x-Èé-í∫-ͮƜ àD éÀçü¿-°æ-úø-èπ◊çú≈ °æô’d-éÌ-ØË-¢√∞¡Ÿx = Prestidigitator= Necromancer= îªE-§Ú-®·-†¢√J Çûªt-©ûÓ Ææ綵«-≠œç-îª-í∫© ¨¡èπ◊h-©’-†o-¢√∞¡Ÿx. Sorcerer = ¶µº÷ûª vÊ°ûª °œ¨»îª ¨¡èπ◊h-©-ûÓ à¢Á’iØ√ îË®·ç--éÓ-í∫-L-Íí-¢√∞¡Ÿx -Å-E. Wizard = ´÷çvA-èπ◊-úø’/- éπ-E-éπô’d Nü¿u ûÁL-Æ œ-†-¢√∞¡Ÿx. Å®·ûË à ®Ωçí∫ç™ Å®·Ø√ ØÁj°æ¤-ùuç-éπ-©-¢√-∞¡x†’ èπÿú≈ Ç ®Ωçí∫ Wizard Åçö«®Ω’. Sachin is a

¢Ë¨¡u, Å®·ûË î√-™«

Å®Ω’ü¿’. Adulteress=

¶µº®Ωhé¬E¢√JûÓ Ææç•çüµ¿ç Ö†o Æ‘Y Adulterer= ¶µ«®Ωu-é¬E ¢√JûÓ Ææç•çüµ¿çéπ© °æ¤®Ω’M.SURESAN ≠æflúø’. Pro= DEéÀ ¢Ë¨¡u ÅØË Å®Ωnç ™‰ü¿’. àü¿-®·Ø√ ¢√u°æé¬Eo ´%Ahí¬ éπ©-¢√∞¡Ÿx– professionals- DEéÀ abbreviation 'Pro'. É°æ¤púø’ ≤ƒEߪ÷ O’®√b– Pro = Professional Tennis Player (Ç¢Á’ ´%Ah, tennis véÃúø.) Q. Exorcist, warlock, conjurer, charmer, enchanter, magician, juggler, necromancer, sorcerer, wizard, prestidigitator

èπ◊ Å®Ωnç äéπõ‰Ø√? A. ÅFo Éçvü¿-ñ«-©ç/ -´÷-ߪ÷-ñ«©ç/ í¬®Ω-úŒéÀ Ææç•çCµç-*† ´÷ô™‰, Å®·ûË ûËú≈-©’-Ø√o®·. Exorcist = ÅB-ûª-¨¡-èπ◊h-©ûÓ ´’†’-≠æfl©èπ◊ °æõ‰d -ü¿ßª÷u-©†’ ´ü¿-©-íÌ--úø-û√-´’E îÁ°æ¤p-éÌ-ØË-¢√∞¡Ÿx. Warlock = -îË-ûª-•-úÕ-™«ç-öÀ-N îËߪ’-í∫-©-¢√∞¡Ÿx -Å-E. Conjurer = àO’-™‰EîÓô ´Ææ’h-´¤-©-†’/- ´’-†’-≠æfl-©†’ éπ†-°æ-úËô’d îËߪ’-í∫-©-¢√∞¡Ÿx. (ë«Sí¬ Ö†o îËA™ úø•’s-™«ç-öÀN éπ†-°æ-úËô’x îËߪ’-í∫-©-¢√∞¡Ÿx). Charmer = ´’çvûª-ñ«-©çûÓ Éûª-®Ω’-©†’ ûª´’-°æôx Çéπ-J{ç°æ-ñ‰-Ææ’-éÓ-í∫-©-¢√∞¡Ÿx/ Ææ¢Á÷t-£æ«-†-¨¡-éÀh-í∫-©-¢√∞¡Ÿx = Enchanter = -´÷-ç-vAéπ -¨¡-èπ◊h-©ûÓ Éûª-®Ω’-©†’ ´¨¡ç îËÆæ’éÓ-í∫-©-¢√∞¡Ÿx 2) á°æ¤púø÷ Öû√q-£æ«çí¬, ÆæçûÓ≠æçí¬ ÖçúË, jokes îËÆæ÷h. Q. Impact Åçõ‰ àN’öÀ? A. Impact= v°æ¶µ«´ç, The impact of oil prices =

·®Ω’ üµ¿®Ω© v°æ¶µ«´ç Q. Punch

dialogue

Åçõ‰

àN’öÀ? A. Punch dialogue =

Å-A ´·êu-¢Á’i†/ ´·ë«uéπ-®Ω{ù éπL-T† dialogue.

Q.

áéπ\-úø -á-™« -Ö-†o-C -Åéπ\-úø -Å-™«Íí– -Éç-Tx-≠ˇ-™ -à-´’ç-ö«®Ω’?

A. As is, where is

Q. A. Q. A.

Q. A.

batting/ cricket Wizard. The boy is a computer Wizard (Computer Hai, Hi Hi correct. Jeopardy, menace, peril, hazard, danger, breakneck breakneck (breakneck speed)

™ E°æ¤-ù’úø’) Ñ È®çúÕç-öÀ™ àC éπÈ®èπ◊d?

ÅØËC

Å®Ωnç äéπ-õ‰Ø√? äéπõ‰. Å®·ûË †’ v°æ´÷-ü¿-éπ-®Ω-¢Á’i† ¢√úø-û√®Ω’. N’í∫û√ ¢Ëí¬-EéÀ ¢√öÀ ´’üµ¿u™ èπÿú≈ *†o *†o ûËú≈-©’-Ø√o®·. Hospital = infirmary = dispensary äéπ-õ‰Ø√? äéπõ‰ 鬴¤. Infirmary Åçõ‰ èπÿú≈ ÇÆæ’°æ-vûË, Å®·ûË àüÁjØ√ ã ÆæçÆæn™/ ã factory ™E -¢√-∞¡xèπ◊ ¢Ájü¿uç îËÊÆ -ÇÆæ’°æ-vA (NúÕí¬ é¬èπ◊çú≈)– ÅC Ç ÆæçÆæn™  ¶µ«í∫ç. Dispensary= -ÇÆæ’°æ-vA-™  ´’çü¿’©’ éπL°œ ÉîËa ¶µ«í∫ç.

Q. Vade-mecurm= handbook= bibelot= leaflet

äéπ-õ‰Ø√? A. Vade-mecurm= bibelot= pocket book. Leaflet= folder= printed

Ææ´÷-î √®Ω °ævûªç– ´’úø-ûª-°-öÀd† È®çúø’ ´‚úø’ Ê°@© Ææ´÷-î√®Ωç Ö†o paper.

Q. layout

Q. Dark horse

A. layout = roads

A. Dark horse =

Åçõ‰ àN’öÀ? É∞¡Ÿx, É∞¡x Ææn™«©, †’ îª÷°œçîË plan Q. Beehive Åçõ‰ àN’öÀ? A. Beehive = ûËØÁûª’-õ„d Q. Bump Åçõ‰ àN’öÀ? A. Bump = (áûª ’h°æ™«x© N≠æߪ’ç™) áûª’hí¬ Ö†o v°æü˨¡ç/ úµŒ é̆úøç/ úµŒ éÌôdúøç. Q. Washed out Åçõ‰ àN’öÀ? A. Washed out = 1) áèπ◊\´ Öûªéπ-úøç ´©x ®Ωçí∫’ ¢ÁL-Æœ-§Ú-®·† (•ôd©’). 2) ÅL-Æœ-§Ú®· F®ΩÆæçí¬ Ö†o

Åçõ‰ àN’öÀ? Åçü¿J Åçîª-Ø√©èπ◊ N®Ω’-ü¿l¥çí¬ á´®Ω÷ ņ’-éÓE Nüµ¿çí¬ ã §ÚöÙ ÈíL-îË-¢√∞¡Ÿx/ àüÁjØ√ §ÚöÙ á´®Ω÷ Ü£œ«çîªE KA™ ÈíL-îË-¢√∞¡Ÿx/ ïô’d Q. Under dogs Åçõ‰ àN’öÀ? A. Under dogs = ãôN’ §ƒ©-´¤û√-®ΩE/ ãôN’ §ƒ©ßË’u ´uèπ◊h©’/ ïô’x. (´’†èπ◊ ≤ƒ´÷†uçí¬, àüÁjØ√ §Úöà ïJ-Íí-ô°æ¤púø’, ´’† ≤ƒ†’¶µº÷A Åçû√ ãúÕ-§Ú-ûª’†o ´uéÀh/ ïô’d (under dog) °æôx Öçô’çC.)

Spoken English -§ƒ-ûª -¢√u≤ƒ-©éÓÆæç -éÀxé˙ -îË-ߪ’ç-úÕ.. URL: http://www.eenadu.net/spoken/spoken.htm