Pratibha516-525

-Ç-C-¢√®Ωç 2 -†-´ç-•®Ω’ 2008

Ñ-Ø√-úø’ £j«-ü¿®√-¶«-ü˛

Durga: You cannot tell Ram from Lakshman. I've seen other twins, but no pair so close as these two.

(®√¢˛’, ©éπ~ tù˝©™ á´-È®-´®Ó îÁ°æp™‰ç. ؈’ Éûª®Ω éπ´© °œ©x-©†’ îª÷Æœ ÖØ√o. é¬F ´’K Éçûª §ÚLéπ©’†o éπ´©©†’ îª÷úø-™‰ü¿’) Venkat: True. I've seen them a good number of times, but telling them apart, - I give up.

(Eï¢Ë’. ¢√∞¡x-ØËo†’ áEo-≤ƒ®Ω’x îª÷¨»ØÓ, é¬F á´®Ω’ á´®Ó îÁ°æpúøç™ ؈’ îËûª’-™„-ûËhÆæ’hØ√o.) Give up = v°æߪ’ûªoç N®Ω-N’ç--éÓ-´úøç Durga: But there is some thing that helps. While Ram is quite tidy and always smartly dressed, Lakshman is shabby.

(Å®·ûË ´’†èπ◊ ≤ƒßª’-°æúËüÌéπ-ô’çC. ®√¢˛’ à¢Á÷ ¨¡Ÿv¶µºçí¬, ´’ç* •ôd-™‰-Ææ’-èπ◊çõ‰, ©éπ~ tù˝ éÌç-ûª Ũ¡Ÿv¶µºçí¬ Öçö«úø’. Tidy = ¨¡Ÿv¶µºçí¬ Öçúøôç – ´’†’-≠æfl©’, Ææn™«©’, É∞¡⁄x. Tidy x Shabby = ÅÆæ£æ«u¢Á’i† Venkat: Yea, I have observed that too. Lakshman just doesn't bother what kind of clothes he wears.

(Å´¤†’. ÅD ؈’ í∫´’-Eç-î√†’. ᙫçöÀ •ôd©’ ¢ËÆæ’-èπ◊ç-ö«úÓ ÅÆæ©’ °æöÀdç-éÓúø’ ©éπ~ tù˝) Durga: Infact, Ram's clothes can set him apart even in a crowd.

(ÅÆæ©’, áçûª ï†ç-™-ØÁjØ√ ®√¢˛’ •ôd©’ ÅûªúÕ v°æûËu-éπ-ûª†’ ûÁ©’-°æ¤-û√®·)

1) You can't tell Ram from Lakshman. 2) ... but telling them apart, - I give up. 3) Ram's clothes can set him apart even in a crowd. 1) Tell onething from another -

äéπ-ü∆-EéÃ/ ´uéÀhéÃ, ÉçéÓ-ü∆-EéÃ/ ´uéÀhéà ûËú≈ ûÁ©’-Ææ’-éÓ-´úøç/ îÁ°æp-í∫-©-í∫úøç.

a) It is difficult to tell an Indian from a Pakistani

(¶µ«®Ω-B-ߪ·-©èπÿ, §ƒéÀ-≤ƒn-F-ߪ·-©èπ◊ ûËú≈ îÁ°æpúøç éπ≠dçæ – Éü¿l®Ω÷ äÍ陫 Öçö«®Ω’ ÅE)

2

expressions English common. simple expressions. Daily life situations

Ñ

™ î√™« î√™«

™ ¶«í¬ Ö°æßÁ÷-í∫-°æ-úø-û√®·.








English there, it sentences begin there/ it

™

©ûÓ îËߪ’úøç î√™« ≤ƒüµ∆-®Ωùç. ûª ® Ω î ª ÷ É™« ûÓ sentence begin b) He, speaking English?! He cannot tell 'a' îËÆœ†°æ¤púø’, ¢√öÀéÀ v°æûËuéπ¢Á’i† Å®Ωnç Öçúøü¿’. from 'b'. Åûªúø’ English ´÷ö«x-úø-ô´÷?! Sentence begin îËÊÆç-ü¿’Íé ¢√úøû√ç. OöÀE à Åûª-úÕéÀ a èπ◊, b èπ◊ ûËú≈ ûÁL-ߪ’ü¿’. tense ™ØÁjØ√ ¢√-úÌa. c) I can't trust him with a car. He cannot tell a a) There are 40 colleges in this city = Ñ †í∫steering wheel from a gear = Car†’ ÅûªúÕûÓ ®Ωç™ 40 éπ∞«-¨»-©-©’-Ø√o®·. í∫´’-Eç-îªçúÕ. There drive îË®·çîªúøç Ø√èπ◊ †´’téπç ™‰ü¿’ (ÅûªúÕ drièπ◊ ÖçúË 'Åéπ\úø— ņo Å®Ωnç Ééπ\úø Öçúø-éπ-§Ú-´úøç. ving -O’-ü¿ Ø√èπ◊ †´’téπç ™‰ü¿’). -Å-ûªúÕéÀ steering wheel èπ◊, gear èπÿ ûËú≈ ûÁL-ߪ’ü¿’. b) There are a four students here = Ééπ\úø 2) Tell something apart = ûËú≈ ûÁLÆœ Öçúøôç. †©’í∫’®Ω’ Nü∆u-®Ω’n-©’-Ø√o®Ω’. îª÷¨»®Ω’ éπü∆. Ééπ\úø èπÿú≈ there èπ◊ v°æûËuéπ¢Á’i† Å®Ωnç a) 'Can you tell one Indian àO’ ™‰ü¿’. (Å™« Öçõ‰ Åéπ\úø movie from another?' (äé𠆩’-í∫’®Ω’ Nü∆u-®Ω’n-©’-Ø√o-J-éπ\úø ÅØË ¶µ«®Ω- B-ߪ’ ÆœE-´÷èπÿ ÉçéÓ -Ççí∫x-¶µ«-≠æ-ù 516 N°æ-K-û√®Ωnç ´Ææ’hçC éπü∆? °j ÆœE-´÷èπÿ ûËú≈ îÁ°æp-í∫-©¢√?) È®çúø’ Ææçü¿-®√s¥-™x†÷), 'No, I can never tell them apart. a) 40 colleges are in the city ņúøç Only the actors are different. é¬F, Fights, duets and dances are b) 4 students are here ņúøç é¬F there in every movie.' Åçûª ÆæÈ®j† English ¢√úø’éπ é¬ü¿’. (Ŷ‰s, ؈’ îÁ°æp-™‰†’. û√®Ω™‰ ¢Ë®Ω’. Åçü¿’-éπE there ¢√úøû√ç. Å™«Íí 'It' fights, duets, Ø√ö«u©’ Åçû√ èπÿú≈. ÅC ÅØË Å®ΩnçûÓ é¬èπ◊çú≈ senäÍé ®Ωéπç) M.SURESAN tence begin îËÊÆç-ü¿’Íé ¢√úøû√ç.

I can't tr ust him with a car Venkat: I will speak to Lakshman about it. Tell him to be a little tidier and smarter.

(Ñ N≠æߪ’ç ©éπ~ tù˝ûÓ ´÷ö«x-úø-û√†’ ؈’. é¬Ææh ´’ç* •ôd©’ ûÌúø’-èπ◊\E éÌçûª îª÷úø-í∫L-Ííô’d éπ†-°æ-úø-´’E îÁ•’û√) Durga: You had better.

(Å´¤†’. Å™« îËߪ’úøç ´’ç*C.) ÉC éπ´© °œ©x© §ÚL-éπ©èπ◊ Ææç•ç-Cµç-*† Ææ綵«≠æù ÅE ûÁ©’-Ææ÷hØË ÖçC éπü∆. ´’†’-≠æfl-©†’, v°æüË-¨»©†’ í∫’Jç* ûÁL-Ê°-ô-°æ¤púø’ ¢√J §ÚLéπ©èπÿ, ûËú≈èπ◊ ¢√úË phrasal verbs †’ í∫’Jç* É°æ¤púø’ ûÁ©’-Ææ’èπ◊çü∆ç. ÉN î√™« simple expressions. O’ Spoken English î√™« Ææ£æ«ïçí¬ ÖçúË-™« -îË≤ƒh®·. Éûª-®Ω’©’ O’®Ω’ ¢√úø’ûª’†o Ææçü¿-®√s¥Eo •öÀd Ææ’©¶µºçí¬ Å®Ωnç îËÆæ’-éÓ-í∫-©®Ω’. Look at the following expressions from the dialogue above: EXERCISE 1

éÀçC¢√öÀE There/ It ûÓ practise îËߪ’çúÕ. 1) Ñ table O’ü¿ 10 °æ¤Ææh-é¬-©’-Ø√o®·. 2) Ç í∫C™ áçûª ´’çC Nü∆u-®Ω’n-©’Ø√o®Ω’? 3) Ç ®Óñ„ç-ü¿’éÓ î√™« îªLí¬ ÖçúÕçC. 4) †’Nyçûª §Òü¿’lØËo ™‰´úøç îª÷úøôç î√™« N*vûªçí¬ ÖçC. 5) †’´¤y îÁÊ°p-ü∆çöx -ã point ÖçC. 6) ´’£æ…-¶µ«-®Ω-ûªç™ DE v°æ≤ƒh-´† (reference) ÖçC. 7) ÅûªúÕE E†o Ééπ\úø îª÷úøôç Ǩ¡a®Ωuçí¬ ÖçúÕçC. surprize = Ǩ¡a®Ωuç 8) Çé¬-¨¡ç™ éÓö«-†’-éÓôx (billions) †éπ~-vû√-©’-Ø√o®·. 9) °æ‹Jh Ææ´÷-î√®Ωç ÅçüË-´-®Ωèπ◊ àD îÁ°æpúøç éπ≠dçæ . 10) Ééπ\úø 10 questions ÖØ√o®·.

3) Set (something/ somebody) apart =

a) It is easy to learn English = English

b) It is boring to wait for so long = To wait (infinitive)/ waiting for so long is boring.

ÉN í∫´’-Eç-îªçúÕ: a) It is raining b) It is very hot today c) It is a long time since we met

d) It is about 300 Km from here to Hyderabad.

(Ééπ\úÕ †’ç* £j«ü¿-®√-¶«-ü˛èπ◊ 300 éÀ.O’.) (É°æ¤púø’ °æCç--¶«´¤ Å®·uçC). †’ É™« ûÓ v§ƒ®Ωç-Gµç-îªúøç í∫’Jç* ´÷ö«x-úË-ô-°æ¤púø’ ü∆ü∆°æ¤ ûª°æp-E-ÆæJ.-

e) It's 10.15 now time, date, day, distance, weather 'it'

A. Penchalaiah, Rajampeta Q. It is easy to preach others options

DEéÀ ™ àC éπÈ®éÓd N´-Jç-îª-

éÀçC í∫-©®Ω’.

1. Preaching others is easier. 2. To preach others is easy. 3. It is easy to preaching others. 4. With others preaching is easy. A. It is easy to preach to others to

ÅØ√L, preach ûª®√yûª ûª°æp-èπ◊çú≈ ¢√ú≈L, á´-JéÀ ¶Cµç-îªúøç ÅE ûÁL-Ê°ç-ü¿’èπ◊.-É-üË -Å®Ωnç -É-îËa -É-ûª®Ω sentences.1. Preaching to others is easy (preaching to comparison easier 2. To preach to others is easy (preach to 3. It is easy to preach to others- easy to ing form It is easy, preaching to others. sentence 4.

ûª®√yûª

®√¢√L, ņç)

ûª®√yûª

ûËú≈ éπE-°œç-îªúøç/ N©-éπ~ùçí¬ Öçúøôç. a) We have very good batsmen but Tendulkar's talent is distinct. It sets him apart from the rest = batsmen

´’†èπ◊ î√™«- ´’ç* ÖØ√o®Ω’. é¬F õ„çúø÷-©\®˝ v°æA¶µº ÅûªúÕéà N’í∫û√ ¢√∞¡xèπÿ Ö†o ûËú≈†’ ûÁ©’-°æ¤ûª’çC.

b) IITs' excellence sets them apart from the other engineering institutions. IIT

© ®√ùÀç°æ¤ ¢√öÀE N©-éπ~-ù-¢Á’i†Ní¬ îË≤ƒh®·.

c) You can tell him apart even in a crowd. There is always some thing in him that sets him apart =

(í∫’ç°æ¤™ èπÿú≈ Åûª-úÕ-Eõ‰d °æõ‰d-ߪ’-í∫©ç. N’í∫û√ ¢√∞¡xéπçõ‰ Gµ†oçí¬ éπ-E°œç-îË-ô’x îËÊÆ N©-éπ~ùûª Åûª-úÕ™ àüÓ ÖçC.)

ANSWERS 1) There are ten books on this table. 2) How many students are there in the room? 3) Some how it was very cold that day. 4) It is very strange for me to see you get/ getting up so early in the morning. 5) There is a point in what you say. 6) There is a reference to it in the Mahabharatam. 7) It was surprizing to see him here yesterday. 8) There are billions of stars in the sky. 9) It is difficult to say anything until we get the full information. 10) There are ten questions here.

ØË®Ω’aéÓ´úøç Ææ’©¶µºç. b) It will be difficult for you to get tickets if you delay = tickets

Ç©Ææuç îËÊÆh

üÌ®Ω-éπúøç éπ≠dçæ .

c) "Will it take long to learn English thoroughly" = English

èπ~◊ùoçí¬ ØË®Ω’a-èπ◊-ØËç-ü¿’èπ◊ î√™« 鬩ç

(´’†ç éπ©’-Ææ’-èπ◊E

î√™« 鬩-¢Á’içC)

™‰†-°æ¤púø’,

Ééπ\úø èπÿú≈ ®√¢√L.)

ûª®√yûª ... ¢√úøç – DEØË É™« ÅØÌa. Ñ °æ‹Jhí¬ ûª°æ¤p.

S. Mohinuddin, Gowligeri (Kurnool)

°æúø’-ûª’çü∆? "No. It won't take longer than a few months if you practise regularly." practice

(ÅüËç ™‰ü¿’. Æævéπ´’çí¬ îËÊÆh È®çúø’ ´‚úø’ ØÁ©©-éπçõ‰ °æôdü¿’.) d) It's in his nature to put off things = ¢√®·-ü∆©’ ¢Ëߪ’úøç ÅûªúÕ Ææy¶µ«-´ç-™ØË ÖçC. Å®·ûË It ûÓ begin îËÊÆ î√™« sentences †’ Infinitive ûÓí¬F, .... ing form ûÓí¬F v§ƒ®Ωç-Gµç-a. a) It is bad to smoke = To smoke (infinitive) is bad = Smoking is bad.

EXERCISE 2

éÀçC Ææ綵«-≠æù English ™ practise îËߪ’çúÕ. Sentences v§ƒ®Ωç-¶µºç™ there, it ¢√úøçúÕ. Preethi: E†o class ™ áçûª´’çC Nü∆u-®Ω’n-©’Ø√o®Ω’? Sahithi: 10 ´’çC èπÿú≈ ™‰®Ω’. Preethi: Nü∆u-®Ω’n-©†’ class èπ◊ ®Ω°œpç-îªúøç (to make students attend classes)

éπ≠dçæ í¬ ÖçC. Sahithi: •£æ›¨» E†oöÀ ¢√û√-´-®Ωù-¢Ë’¢Á÷? E†oçû√ ïúÕ¢√† èπ◊®Ω’Ææ÷h îªLí¬ ÖçC. Preethi: éÌçûª-´ ’çC teachers ®√éπ-§Ú-´úøç èπÿú≈ Ǩ¡a®Ωu¢Ë’. Sahithi: E†o classes cancel îËÆæ’çõ‰ ¶«í∫’ç-úËC.

ANSWERS Preethi: How many students were there in the class yesterday? Sahithi: Hardly ten/ There were hardly ten students in the class Preethi: It is (becoming) difficult to make students attend classes. Sahithi: Perhaps it was the weather yesterday. It was raining cats and dogs yesterday. It was cold too. Preethi: It is surprizing that some teachers didn't come either yesterday. Sahithi: It would have been better if we had cancelled classes yesterday.

Q. Kindly clarify doubts in the following sentence structures. 1. They have been able to persuade them. 2. She must have been able to notice them. Structure: (must have been able to + p.v.) 3. They might have been able to solve the problem. Structure: (might have been able to + p.v.) A. 1. They have been able to persuade them= They have succeeded in making them agree. 2. She must have been able to notice them = She certainly has noticed them. 3. They might have been able to solve the problem = Perhaps they had the ability to solve/ did not have the ability to solve the problem (doubt)

K.R. Achari, Vykuntapuram Q. He promised to come, but he never turned up. promised - turned past actions Promised remote past had promised (Wren & Martin grammar & composition book Going to go, come clarify

Ééπ\úø éπü∆. Åçü¿’-éπE

È®çúø÷ ÅØËC ®√¢√L éπü∆

™

ÅØË v°æßÁ÷í∫ç ûª®√yûª ®√´E ´÷ öÃ˝ îÁ°œp-†ô’x í∫’®Ω’h. îËߪ’í∫-©®Ω’.

ÖçC).

A. He had promised to come, but never turned up correct, had promised standard writers of English

ņ-úø¢Ë’ é¬F ¢√úø-éπ-§Ú-´úøç ÅØËC Åçûª ûª°æ¤p èπÿú≈ é¬ü¿’ – É™« ®√Ææ’h-Ø√o®Ω’. Going to go, Going to come English

- Modern

™ ûª°æ¤p-é¬ü¿’.

Spoken English -§ƒ-ûª -¢√u≤ƒ-©éÓÆæç -éÀxé˙ -îË-ߪ’ç-úÕ.. URL: http://www.eenadu.net/spoken/spoken.htm

-´’çí∫-∞¡-¢√®Ωç 4 -†-´ç-•®Ω’ 2008

Ñ-Ø√-úø’ £j«-ü¿®√-¶«-ü˛

Ramprasad, Kovvur.

´÷ö«x-úøí∫LT Öçú≈L. DEØË Åçö«®Ω’. É™« ÖçúÌa

Q.

Æ涵º©’, Ææ´÷-¢Ë-¨»©’, Ææü¿-Ææ’q©’, ¢ËCéπ© O’ü¿ ÉçTx-≠ˇ™  ´÷ö«x-úø-´-©Æœ ´*a-†-°æ¤púø’ ņ’-ÆæJçî√Lq† °æü¿l¥-ûª’©’, v§ƒ®Ω綵ºç, ´·Tç°æ¤ ᙫ Öçú≈©ØË N≠æ-ߪ÷-©Â°j à¢Á’iØ√ tips ÅçCç-îª-í∫-©®Ω’. A. Æ涵º©’, Ææ´÷-¢Ë-¨»©÷ E®Ωy-£œ«çîË B®Ω’ È®çúø’ ®Ωé¬-©’í¬ ÖçúÌa. 1) äéπ ´uéÀh Emcee (Master of Ceremonies) í¬ ´u´-£æ«-JÆæ÷h, TV ™ anchor/ compere (éπç°œ-ߪ÷®˝)™« 鬮Ωu-véπ-´’ç-™E Å稻©†’ äéπü∆E ûª®√yûª ÉçéÓ-ü∆Eo announce îËߪ’úøç. 2) Æ涵ºèπ◊ Åüµ¿u-éπ~ûª (Presiding) ´£œ«çîË ´uéÀh (President/ Chairperson) 鬮Ωu-véπ-´ ’ç™E Å稻©†’ ´®Ω’-Ææí¬ v°æéπ-öÀç-îªúøç. 1) Emcee E®Ωy-£æ«ù: Emcee í¬ ´u´-£æ«-Jç-îË-¢√®Ω’ ´’ç* ´éπh™„j Öçú≈L, -v§Ú-ví¬-¢˛’™E Å稻© ´®Ω’Æ憒 ñ«ví∫-ûªhí¬ -§ƒx-Ø˛ îËÆæ’-éÓ-¢√L. à Å稡ç á´JéÀ Ææç•ç-Cµç-*çüÓ ´·çüË ûÁ©’-Ææ’-éÓ-¢√L. Emceeing îËÊÆ¢√∞¡Ÿx û√´· ûÁLÊ° N≠æ-ߪ÷©†’ ´·çü¿’í¬ practice îËÆæ’-éÓ-´-úø¢Ë’ é¬èπ◊çú≈ Å´-Ææ-®Ω-¢Á’iûË v¨ûª-©èπ◊ NÆæ’í∫’ éπ©-í∫-èπ◊çú≈, NØÓü¿ç éπLÍ홫 Ææ´’-ߪ’-Ææ÷p¥-JhûÓ ¢√uêu©’ îËߪ’-í∫-LT Öçú≈L. Æ涵« v§ƒ®Ω綵ºç: Good evening everybody/ to you all. This is (Emcee Ê°®Ω’) Welcoming you on behalf of (á´J/ à ÆæçÆæn ûª®Ω-°æ¤ØÓ Ç Ê°®Ω’ îÁ°æpúøç) to this evenings function/ event. In a few moments from now the

1)

extemporizing

f)

I invite...

2) It's now my pleasure to invite... 3) I feel it a great honour to invite ... 4) Sri/ Smt .... will now do us the honour of being present on the dais. 5) Now sri/ smt... will grace the dais with his/ her presence on the stage.

2

É™« áçûª-´’çC ´÷ö«x-úÕûË, Åçûª´’ç-CF °æJ-îªßª’ç îËÆœ ¢√JûÓ ´÷ö«xúÕç-*† ûª®√yûª presentation Mementos

of

(ñ«c°œéπ©’) É´yúøç. MC É™« ÅØÌa. Sri... so and so/ Smt... so

É™« îÁ°æ¤pand so will do us the favour of accepting this èπ◊çô÷ ¢Á∞Ôxa. °j† îÁ°œp-†N †´‚-Ø√èπ◊ small memento (-´’¢Á’çö) from us/ a small ´÷vûª¢Ë’ – Ææçü¿-®Ós¥-*-ûªçí¬ MC (Emcee) ûª† token (í∫’®Ω’h) of our gratitude for his/ her Ü£æ…-¨¡éÀh (imagination)ûÓ, ¢√é¬a-ûª’-®ΩuçûÓ presence this evening. à´’-®·Ø√ îÁ°æp-´îª’a. Ñ mementosèπ◊ ´·çü¿’ prize distribution a) Åçü¿®Ω÷ ÇÆ‘-†’-©-ߪ÷uéπ Garlanding/ Giving (•£æ›-´’-ûª’© v°æü∆†ç) ÖçúÌa. Our students bouquets - ´÷©©’ ¢Ëߪ’úøç/ °æ¤≠æp-í∫’-î √a¥will now have the honour of receiving prizes L-´yúøç. ÉC È®çúø’ Nüµ∆-©’í¬ îËßÁ·îª’a. form Mr./ Ms... 1) äéÓ\-´uéÃh stage O’ü¿èπ◊ ®√í¬ØË Çߪ’†/ g) Æ涵º ü∆ü∆°æ¤ ´·T-Æ œ-†õ‰x – Ç¢Á’èπ◊ É´yúøç. 2) Åçü¿®Ω÷ É°æ¤púø’, Vote of thanks - ´çü¿† stage O’ü¿ èπÿ®Ω’a†o ûª®√yûª Ææ´’-®Ωpù – Æ涵ºèπ◊ NîËa-Æœ† ´·êu Åçü¿Jéà äÍé-≤ƒJ É´yúøç – á´-È®-´-JéÀ á´®Ω’ É¢√y™ -Ççí∫x-¶µ«-≠æ-ù 517 ÅA-ü∑¿’-©èπ◊/ Åüµ¿uéπ~ûª ´£œ«ç-*-†-¢√JûÓ ¢Á·ü¿-©’-°öÀd, Æ涵º†’ ïߪ’´·çüË ®√Ææ’-èπ◊E, ¢√J Ê°®Ωx†’ v°æü¿ç îËÆœ-†ç-ü¿’èπ◊ v¨ûª-©-ûÓ-Ææ£æ… °œ©-´úøç ... so and so Åçü¿ J éà thanks îÁ°æp-úøçûÓ Æ涵º (°∂晫-Ø√-¢√∞¡Ÿx) will garland so and ´·í∫ ’ Æ æ’hçC. so (°∂晫-E-¢√-∞¡x†’) present a Ééπ \úø èπÿú≈ on behalf of ..., bouquet (•’Íé)to so and so. I thank so and so (°∂晫-Ø√-¢√∞¡Ÿx), for b) Åçû√ Å®·† ûª®√yûª ≤ƒ´÷-†uçí¬ such and such a thing (°∂晫-Ø√-¢√-öÀéÀ) Æ涵º ñuA ¢ÁL-Tç-îª-úøçûÓ (lighting ... ÅE °æüË-°æüË I thank, I thank ÅE of the lamp) ûÓ v§ƒ®Ωç-¶µº-´’-´¤M.SURESAN repeat îËߪ’-èπ◊çú≈ -¢ÁÈ®j-öà éÓÆæç Our

™«çöÀN 'be' forms éπü∆. Verb IIIrd ™ Ñ be forms ™ üËE-ûÓ-†-®·Ø√ PP îËJÊÆh Å´¤-ûª’çC. Å°æ¤p-úøC Passive Voice. have been form verb

He is seen here every day - verb - is (be form) + seen (PP of see) has been done ( has been - be form) + done (PP of do) ; should be taken (should be - be form) + taken (pp) verbs of the IIIrd form.

ÉN

Have/ has / had /shall have/ should have/ will have/ should have / would have / could have ... have Past Participle (PP)

4´ ®Ω÷°æç:

É™«

He has seen the book. They would have gone home, etc.,

(v¨ûª-©ç-ü¿®Ω÷ èπÿ®Óa´’E v§ƒ®Ωn†). 2. ¢ËCéπ (Dais-úøߪ÷Æˇ é¬ü¿’ úÁß˝’Æˇ) O’ü¿ ÇÆ‘-†’-©-ßË’u-¢√-∞¡x†’ ¢ËCéπ O’Cèπ◊ Ç£æ…y-Eç-îªúøç. ÉC ÇÆ‘-†’-©-ßË’u¢√∞¡x v§ƒ´·-êu-û√ -véπ-´÷Eo •öÀd Öçô’çC.

a) We begin our programme now - On of the organization behalf of and on my behalf, I invite Sri ... (Head of the organization to come up the dais and take his/ her seat. So and so will escort him/ her to his/ her seat

(ûª®Ω-°∂æ¤-†) (Æ涵º†’ E®Ωy-£œ«çîË ÆæçÆæn) ÆæçÆæn ÅCµ-°æA)

( ¢ËCéπ v¨ûª-©èπ◊ î√™« ü¿÷®Ωçí¬ Ö†o-°æ¤púø’, Åçûª-ü¿÷-®Ω´‚ äéπ\Í® äçô-Jí¬ †úÕ* ®√´úøç É•sç-Cí¬ Öçô’ç-ü¿E ņ’-èπ◊çõ‰ ã Éü¿l-JE, Çߪ’††’/ Ç¢Á’†’ ¢ËCéπ ü¿í∫_-®Ωèπ◊ ¢Áçô-¶„-ô’dèπ◊E ®Ω´’tçö«ç– escort - (ûÓúø’ ®√´úøç). b) É°æ¤púø’ Ç£æ…y-Eç-îª-´-©-Æ œ† ´uéÀh, Æ涵ºèπ◊ Åüµ¿u-éπ~ûª ´£œ«ç-îË-¢√-®Ω’-í¬E/ ´·êu ÅA-C∑-í¬F, Éü¿l®Ω÷ ¢ËÍ®y-®Ω-®·ûË ¢Á·ü¿ô Åüµ¿u-èπ~◊-©†’ ¢ËCéπ O’ü¿èπ◊ °œ©-¢√L. Åçü¿’èπ◊ É™« îÁ§Òpa: I now have the pleasure of inviting up the dais Sri/ Smt ... who will preside over the function/ meeting. So and so will accompany him/ her to the dais. Accompany-

Åé¬ç-°æE – ûÓúø’ ®√´úøç. c) President ûª®√yûª Chief guest Ç ûª®√yûª ÉçÈé-´-®ΩØ√o ¢ËCéπ O’ü¿èπ◊ ®√¢√Lq Öçõ‰ ¢√JF ¢ËCéπ O’ü¿èπ◊ Ç£æ…y-E≤ƒhç. Å®·ûË I now invite, I now invite ÅE äÍé-´÷-C-J -NÆæ’í∫’ éπ-LÍí Nüµ¿çí¬ ´÷ö«x-úø-èπ◊çú≈, é¬Ææh -¢ÁÈ®j-öÃí¬ Öçúøôç î√™« ¶«í∫’ç-ô’çC. Ééπ\úË MC (Emcee) íÌ°æp-ûª†ç ûÁ© ’-Ææ ’hçC – Å™« -¢ÁÈ®j-öÃí¬ Öçú≈-©çõ‰, Å°æ¤p-úø-°æ¤púø’ ´·çü¿®Ω practice îËÆæ’-èπ◊†o ´÷ô©’ é¬èπ◊çú≈, Å°æp-öÀ-éπ°æ¤púø’ (without preparation) ÇÆæ-éÀh-éπ-®Ωçí¬

I request all the gathering to stand in silence as the prayer song is sung (Prayer

Åçö«ç. î√™« èπ◊x°æhçí¬ Öçúøôç ´’ç*C – È®çúø’, ´‚úø’ EN’-≥ƒ-©èπ◊ N’çîªèπ◊çú≈) Ééπ\úÕ †’ç* Æ涵« 鬮Ωu-véπ-´÷©èπ◊ Çüµ¿u-éπ~ûª ´£œ«ç-îË¢√®Ω’ (President/ Chairperson) announce îËߪ’ôç äéπ ®Ωéπç; MC ßË’ announce îËߪ’úøç È®çúÓ Nüµ¿ç. President announce îËÊÆ °æü¿l¥-A™ Å®·ûË MC É™« Åçö«®Ω’: I now request the president of the evening's function/ meeting to conduct the proceedings, Programme sheet

ÅE, †’ Çߪ’†/ Ç¢Á’èπ◊ ÅçCç-îªúøç. MCßË’ continue îËÊÆ °æü¿l¥-A™ – c) Welcome address Öçô’çC. ≤ƒyí∫ûª ´îªØ√©’– ÉN á´-®Ω®·-Ø√ îÁ°æp-´îª’a. Åçü¿JF v¨ûª-©-ûÓ-Ææ£æ… ≤ƒyí∫-Aç-îªúøç. d) Introduction of the President/ Chief Guest:

Åüµ¿u-èπ~◊©’/ ´·êu ÅA-C∑E Æ涵ºèπ◊ °æJîªßª’ç îËߪ’úøç. ÉC Æ涵ºèπ◊ ´·çü¿J ®Óñ‰ ¢√J N´-®√-©†’ ÊÆéπ-Jç*, á´-J-ûÓ-†-®·Ø√ °æJ-îªßª’ç îË®·ç-îªúøç.

Mr .../ Ms ... so and so will now introduce the Chief Guest

ÅüË ¢√éπuçûÓ (≤ƒ´÷-†uçí¬ °æ¤öÀd† ûËD, ÆæyÆæn©ç, Nü¿u, ÖüÓuí∫ N´-®√©’, ≤ƒCµç-*-†N – É™«çöÀ N´-®√©’). e) ûª®√yûª President/ Chief Guest's speech. MC, The President/ Chief Guest will now address the gathering/ will give his/ her valuable message/ will do us the honour of giving his/ her valuable message/ we shall now have the pleasure of listening to so and so President/ Chief Guest

ÅØË ´÷ô-©ûÓ Ö°æØ√uÆæç ¢Á·ü¿©’°ôd-ú≈Eo v°æéπ-öÀ-≤ƒh®Ω’.

thanks are due to/ our thanks go to/ so and so deserve our thanks/ we are grateful to so and so/ our gratitude to so and so for .../ a great thank you to ...

ÉN ´‚úø’ –

1) Ist Regular Doing Word (Ist RDW), 2) IInd Regular Doing Word (IInd RDW) and 3) Past

Doing

Word

(PDW)

OöÀéÀ

Öü∆-£æ«-®Ω-ù©’: Ist RDW

IInd RDW

PDW

come

comes

came

teach

teaches

taught

sing

sings

sang

talk

talks

talked

like

likes

liked

smell

smells

smelt

Ist RDW I, we, you and they RDW He, she, it

OöÀ™x ûª’çC. MC ÅC announce îË≤ƒh®Ω’. Ç ûª®√yûª v§ƒ®Ωn† (prayer) îË≤ƒh®Ω’. Ééπ\úø, May

Doing words.

5´ ®Ω÷°æç: ÉN

All lay loads on a willing horse event will start and may I request all the audience to be seated.

*´®Ω ´îËa-C

-à-ü¿®·-Ø√ +

IInd

†’,

†’,

ûÓ ¢√úøû√ç.

(°∂晫-Ø√-¢√∞¡Ÿx, ´÷ üµ¿†u-¢√-ü∆-©èπ◊

Å®Ω’|©’)

ÅE ´·Tç-îª-´îª’a. í∫´’-Eéπ: The Chief guest/ so and so with

his/ her auspicious hands give away the prizes usage English auspicious

(ûª´’ ¨¡Ÿ¶µº-éπ-®Ω-¢Á’i† îËûª’-©ûÓ – Ñ ™ ™‰ü¿’. Åçü¿’-éπE ¢√úø-éπ§Ú-´úøç ´’ç*C. Å™«Íí ÆæØ√t-Eç-îªúøç ÅØË Å®ΩnçûÓ felicitate ÅØË ´÷ô English ™ ™‰ü¿’. Honour Åçõ‰ î√©’. Felicitate ¢√úø-éπ-§Ú-´úøç ´’ç*C. ¢√úøôç ÆæJ-é¬ü¿’ èπÿú≈. Å®Ω’-ü¿’í¬ felicitations ÅØË ´÷ô felicitations to you! ÅE, O’èπ◊ Ææ’ê-Ææç-ûÓ-≥ƒ©’ éπ©’-í∫’-í¬éπ! ÅØË Å®ΩnçûÓ ¢√úÌa; ÉC èπÿú≈ é¬Ææh §ƒçúÕûªuç. ü∆E •ü¿’©’ All happiness to you ÅE ¢√úÌa. ÉN Æ涵º©÷, Ææ´÷-¢Ë-¨»©’ v§ƒ®Ω綵ºç, ´·Tç°æ¤ E®Ωy£æ«-ùèπ◊ Ææç•ç-Cµç-*† tips. ´’JEo N´-®√©’ specific í¬ àüÁjØ√ Æ涵º†’ Ü£œ«ç--èπ◊E, ´÷ô©ûÓÆæ£æ… E®Ωy-£œ«ç-îª-´-©-Æœ† Nüµ¿ç ´’®Ó Ææçü¿-®Ωs¥ç™ ûÁ©’-Ææ’-èπ◊çü∆ç. P.S. Reddy, Guntur Q. '

á°æ¤p-úø-®·Ø√ ¢Á÷ÊÆ-¢√J O’ü¿ØË Éçé¬Ææh ¶µ«®Ωç °æúø’ûª’çC— ÅE ÉçTx-≠ˇ™ îÁ°æp-ú≈-EéÀ All lay loads on a willing horse Åçõ‰ ÆæJ-§Ú-ûª’çü∆? A. ¢Á÷ÊÆ¢√J O’ü¿ØË Éçé¬Ææh ¶µ«®Ωç °æúø’-ûª’çC = All lay loads on a willing horse - correct.

ᙸ.-°œ.-ÂÆö¸–2008 ™«çÍíyñ¸ °æçúÕö¸ wõ„jEçí˚ éÓ®˝q™ v°æ¢Ë-¨»-EéÀ E®Ωy-£œ«çîË á™¸.-°œ.-ÂÆö¸ –2008 ØÓöÀ-°∂œ-Íé-≠æØ˛ Núø’-ü¿-™„jçC. Nü∆u-®Ω|-ûª©’: 1.ûÁ©’í∫’ °æçúÕö¸:G.á. (ûÁ©’í∫’ Lô-Í®-˝), ™‰ü∆ G.á.(-ã-J-ßÁ’ç-ô™¸ ™«çÍíy-ñ ¸– -ûÁ-©’í∫’)™‰ü∆ ûÁ©’í∫’ äéπ Ç°æ{-†™¸ Æ涄-bèπ◊dí¬ àüÁjØ√ úÕvU ™‰ü∆ áç.á.(-ûÁ-©’í∫’). 2. £œ«çD °æçúÕö¸: £œ«çD Ç°æ{-†-™¸í¬ úÕvU ™‰ü∆ áç.á.(-£œ«çD) 3. Ö®Ω÷l °æçúÕö¸: G.á.™ Ö®Ω÷l ™‰ü∆ áç.á. (Ö®Ω÷l). ´ßª’Ææ’: 2008 V™„j 1 Ø√öÀéÀ 19 Ææç´-ûªq-®√©’ EçúÕ Öçú≈L. í∫J≠æd °æJ-N’A ™‰ü¿’. ü¿®Ω-ë«Ææ’h: ÅEo v°æüµ∆† §Ú≤ƒd-°∂‘-Ææ’©’ ™‰ü∆ É–ÊÆ¢√ Íéçvü∆™x ®Ω÷.150 îÁLxç* §Òçü¿-´îª’a. °æ‹Jh îËÆœ† Å°œx-Íé-≠æ-†x†’ ûª´’ >™«xèπ◊ îÁçC† úÁjö¸ ÂÆçô-®Ωx™ Ææ´’-Jpç-î√L. ´·êu-¢Á’i† ûËD©’: 1. ü¿®Ω-ë«-Ææ’h© Nvéπߪ’ç: †´ç-•®Ω’ 6 †’ç* v§ƒ®Ω綵ºç. 2. °æ‹Jh-îË-Æœ† ü¿®Ω-ë«-Ææ’h-©†’ °æç°æ-ú≈-EéÀ *´J ûËD: †´ç-•®Ω’ 27 3.áçvôØ˛q õ„Æˇd ûËD: úÕÂÆç-•®˝ 14 Éûª®Ω N´-®√-©èπ◊ †´ç-•®Ω’ 3 Ø√öÀ -v°æ-´·-ê Ççí∫x -C-†°æ-vA-éπ©’ îª÷úÌa.

â.â.öÀ. ñ«¢˛’ – 2009 ü˨¡ç-™E v°æ´·ê ÉçúÕ-ߪ’Ø˛ ÉØ˛-Æœd-ô÷uö¸ Ç°∂ˇ

N. Srinivas Rao, Nutakki (Guntur) Q. Verb

3, 4, 5 ®Ω÷§ƒ© í∫’Jç* N´-®Ωçí¬ ûÁL-ߪ’ñ‰-ߪ’-í∫-©®Ω’. A. Verb 3´ ®Ω÷°æç (IIIrd form) - Be form + Past Participle (PP) - Am/ is / are / was / were, be shall be / should be / will be / been have would be etc., been/ has been, shall have been, should

*´®Ω

´îËa

™«çöÀN, *´®Ω

´îËa

õ„é¬o-©@ (â.â.-öÀ)-©™ áç.á-ÆˇÆœ. v°æ¢Ë-¨»-EéÀ E®Ωy-£œ«çîË áç.á-ÆˇÆœ. ñ«¢˛’ (JAM)- 2009 v°æéπô† ¢Á©’-´-úÕçC. Ñ °æKéπ~ ü∆y®√ â.â.-öÀ.-©™ áç.á-ÆˇÆœ./áç.á-ÆˇÆœ.– -°œ-£«-î˝.úÕ. úø’ußÁ’™¸ úÕvU v§Úí¬-´·-©ûÓ§ƒô’ â.â.öÀ. ®Ω÷K\™ ´‚úË∞¡x áç.Æœ.á, áç.õ„é˙. éÓ®Ω’q™x ÅúÕt-≠憒x ©Gµ-≤ƒh®·. É-ûª®Ω -N-´®√-©èπ◊ -¢Á-¶¸ÂÆj-ö¸ www.jam.iitkgp.ac.in

Spoken English -§ƒ-ûª -¢√u≤ƒ-©éÓÆæç -éÀxé˙ -îË-ߪ’ç-úÕ.. URL: http://www.eenadu.net/spoken/spoken.htm

ûÓ

í∫’®Ω’-¢√®Ωç 6 -†-´ç-•®Ω’ 2008

Ñ-Ø√-úø’ £j«-ü¿®√-¶«-ü˛

T. Siva, Nandikotkur. Q. Across, through; alone, lonely

© Ö°æ-ßÁ÷-í¬Eo N´-Jç-îªçúÕ. A. 1) Across = äéπ ¢Áj°æ¤ †’ç* ÉçéÓ ¢Áj°æ¤-†èπ◊ Åúøfçí¬. He drew a line across the page - page èπ◊ Åúøfçí¬ Uûª U¨»úø’. He walked across the street = ®Ó-úø’fèπ◊ äéπ ¢Áj°æ¤ †’ç* ÉçéÓ ¢Áj°æ¤†èπ◊ †úÕ-î√úø’.
áü¿’-®Ω’í¬ – The bank is just across the road from my place = Bank ´÷ ÉçöÀéÀ áü¿’®Ω’-í¬ØË road Å´-ûª© -Öç-C. Å®·ûË Ééπ\úø Across from Åçö«ç.
äéπ v°æü˨¡ç ¢Á·ûªhç - MS Subbalakshmi is

a) There was a photo below the tube light on the wall = tube light photo

Cí∫’-´† ã

èπ◊ éÀçü¿/

Ç Â°õ„d†’ éÀçü¿ ü∆î√úø’. under = äéπ-ü∆E éÀçü¿ – Ñ Å®ΩnçûÓ under, below äéπ\õ‰. Å®·ûËunder Åçõ‰ äéπ-ü∆E éÀçü¿ØË – His certificate lay under the book on the table = ÅûªúÕ certificate Ç table O’C Ç °æ¤Ææhéπç éÀçüË ÖçC.

ü˨¡ç ¢Á·ûªhç áç.áÆˇ. Ææ’•s-©-éÀ~ tE íÌ°æp í¬ßª’Eí¬ éÌE-ߪ÷-úø’-ûª’çC.

Ñ ¢√®Ωh †í∫®Ωç ¢Á·ûªhç ¢√u°œç-*çC. 2) Through = í∫’çú≈, ü∆y®√

íÓúø O’C ÖçC.

b) He hid the box below the table = table

acclaimed across the country as a great singer = The news has spread across the city =

Look at the following too:

the sea =

Ææ÷®Ω’uúø’ Ææ´·vü¿ç O’ü¿ v°æé¬Pçî√úø’. (´÷´‚©’ ûÁ©’í∫’ = Ææ´·vü¿ç O’ü¿ Ææ÷®Ω’uúÕ ¢Á©’í∫’ °æúÕçC) Å®·ûË He jumped over the fence ÅØË Åçö«ç; jumped above ņç. Below = äéπ ü∆EéÀ ¶«í¬ éÀçü¿/ Cí∫’-´†.

a) He has passed intermediate (Past time not stated) b) He passed intermediate in 2007 = 2007 Inter time

Åûªúø’ ™ §ƒÆˇ Åߪ÷uúø’ – ûÁL-Æœ† í∫ûªç.

Q. Past Perfect Tense

She was looking through the key hole =

Imp: The number of clauses in a sentence = the number of verbs in the sentence.

-Ö°æ-ßÁ÷í∫ç ...

N≠æ-ߪ÷Eo

í∫ûªç™ ïJ-T† È®çúø’ N≠æ-ߪ÷™x´·çü¿J ™ îÁ•’û√ç.

a) I went to his place yesterday at 4, by then he had gone out =

E†o ؈’ ÅûªúÕ ÉçöÀéÀ 4 í∫çô-©èπ◊ ¢Á∞«x†’. Å°æp-öÀÍé Åûªúø’ •ßª’ôèπ◊ ¢ÁRx-§Ú-ߪ÷úø’ – È®çúø’ N≠æ-ߪ÷-L-éπ\úø – 1) ؈’ ÅûªúÕ ÉçöÀéÀ ¢Á∞¡xúøç

Ñ´’üµ¿u 鬩ç™ (ûÁ©’-í∫’™ Ö-î√a-®Ω-ùûÓ èπÿúÕ†) ÉçTx-≠ˇ –- ûÁ-©’í∫’ úÕéπ{-†-K-©†’ î√™«´’çC °æGx-Íé-≠æØ˛q

He alone knows the tr uth = Ç¢Á’ û√∞¡ç éπçûª í∫’çú≈/ ™ç*/ ü∆y®√ îª÷Ææ÷h ÖçC.

E®√y-£æ«-èπ◊©’ Núø’-ü¿© î˨»®Ω’. A Åéπ~-®ΩçûÓ ´îËa ´÷ô© Öî√a-®Ωù äéπ úÕéπ{-†-K™ äéπNüµ¿çí¬ ´’®Ó úÕéπ{-†-K™ äéπ Nüµ¿çí¬ ÖçC. È®çúø’ úÕéπ{-†-K-©™ É*a† °æü∆-©’ –- Ö--î√a-®Ω-ù É™« Ö-Ø√o®·. OöÀ™ àC ÆæÈ®j† Ö-î√a-®ΩùÓ îÁ°æpçúÕ? Aback = ᶫé˙; Aback = Ŷ«é˙ Abandon = ᶫç-úøØ˛ Abandon = Ŷ«ç-úøØ˛ Abate = ᶉö¸ Abate = Ŷ‰ö¸ Abide = ᶄjú˛ Abide = Ŷ„jú˛ Ablaze = ᶉxñ ¸ Ablaze = Ŷ‰xñ ¸ Abode = á¶ú˛ Abode = Ŷú˛

b) He knew about it through his sister =

¢√∞¡x Åéπ\ ü∆y®√ Åûªúø’ Ñ N≠æߪ’ç ûÁ©’-Ææ’èπ◊-Ø√oúø’. 3) Alone, lonely; Alone = äéπ\Í®/ äçô-Jí¬; lonely = äçô-Jí¬. a) He alone knows the truth = Eïç ÅûªúÕéÀ äéπ\úÕÍé ûÁ©’Ææ’. Ééπ\úø, alone •ü¿’©’ lonely ¢√úøç. b) She felt alone = she felt lonely = Ç¢Á’ äçôJí¬ / äçô-J-ûª-†çûÓ ¶«üµ¿-°æ-úø’-ûÓçC. c) She lives alone in that home = Ç Éçöx Ç¢Á’ äéπ\ûË ÖçöçC. Ééπ\úø lonely ®√ü¿’. d) She is alone = äçô-Jí¬ ÖçöçC. She is lonely= Ç¢Á’ äçôJûª†çûÓ ¶«üµ¿-°æ-úø’ûÓçC. Q. To rule, to rule over © ´’üµ¿u ûËú≈†’ N¨¡-D-éπ-Jç-îªçúÕ. A. To rule = à©úøç. äéπ ü˨»Eo, ®√ñ«uEo, ≤ƒv´÷-ñ«uEo. To rule over = äéπ v§ƒçûªç/ v°æü˨¡ç/ ü˨¡ç O’ü¿ ÇCµ-°æûªuç «-®·ç-îªúøç. a) Asoka ruled Magadha = Ũ-èπ◊úø’ ´’í∫üµ¿ ®√ñ«uEo §ƒLç-î√úø’. b) Asoka ruled over a vast empire= Ũ-èπ◊úø’ N¨»-©-¢Á’i† ≤ƒv´÷-ïuç O’ü¿ ÇCµ-°æ-û√uEo «®·ç-î√úø’/ ≤ƒv´÷-ñ«u-EéÀ ÇCµ-°æûªuç ´£œ«ç-î√úø’. Q. Fight with, fight against ©†’ àßË’ Ææçü¿-®√s¥™ x Ö°æ-ßÁ÷-Tç-î√L? ¨¡vûª’-´¤ûÓ §Ú®√-úø-ö«Eo à´’E ®√ߪ÷L? i) Fight against somebody = äéπ-JûÓ §Ú®√úøôç/ ߪ·ü¿l¥ç îËߪ’úøç. a) Indians fought against the British for Independence. British

(≤ƒyûªçv-ûªuç éÓÆæç ¢√JûÓ §Ú®√-ú≈®Ω’.) b) India fought against Pakistan = ¶µ«®Ωû˝, §ƒé˙ûÓ §Ú®√-úÕçC/ ߪ·ü¿l¥ç îËÆœçC. ii) fight with = ¢√Cç-îªúøç/ ¢√ü¿’-™«-úø’-éÓ-´úøç. ¶µ«®Ω-B-ߪ·©’

a) They fought with each other over/ about who should sit in the chair =

á´®Ω’ èπ◊Ka™ èπÿ®Óa-¢√-©ØË N≠æߪ’ç O’ü¿ ¢√∞¡Ÿx ¢√ü¿’-™«-úø’-èπ◊Ø√o®Ω’. b) He often argues with the teachers = Åûªúø’ ûª®Ω-îª’í¬ teachers ûÓ ¢√C-Ææ’hç-ö«úø’. Q. Over, above, below, under © Ö°æ-ßÁ÷-í¬Eo N´-Jç-îªçúÕ. A. Above, over = äéπ-ü∆-E-°j† ÅØË Å®ΩnçûÓ È®çúÕç-öÀF ¢√úÌa. The Sun shone/ over

b) I came to know that he had cheated me =

††’o Åûªúø’ ¢Á÷Ææç î˨»-úøE ؈’ ûÁ©’-Ææ’-èπ◊-Ø√o†’ – È®çúø÷ í∫ûªç – Å®·ûË ¢Á÷Ææç îËߪ’-úøç ´·çü¿’, Åçü¿’éπE had cheated (had + pp - past

perfect).

M.SURESAN

K. Rama Rao, Poluru (Prakasam). Q. I am not a teacher

A. Viayawada Emesco Publication dictionary pronunciations correct.

™ Ææ÷*ç-*† ÆæJ-é¬ü¿’.

2) Åûªúø’ •ßª’ôèπ◊ ¢ÁRx-§Ú-´úøç. È®ç-úø÷ past. Å®·ûË Åûªúø’ ¢ÁRx§Ú´úøç ´·çü¿’ ïJ-TçC. 鬕öÀd had gone (had + pp past perfect) ¢√ú≈ç.

-Ççí∫x-¶µ«-≠æ-ù 518

È®ç-úÓ-C

Aback, Abandon, Abate, Abide, Ablaze, Abode 'A' 'b' eg: above =

OôEoçöÀ™ †’ 'Å— ™« °æ©-é¬-L, ü∆E ¨¡¶«lEo ØÌéÀ\ °æ©’-èπ◊û√ç. ûª®√yûª ´îËa Å '¶˜— – 'Å— ¨¡•lç N-F N†-°æ-úø-èπ◊çú≈ '¶˜— ¨¡•lç áèπ◊\-´í¬ ØÌéÀ\ °æ©’-èπ◊û√ç.

A. I am not a teacher is correct.

éÀçC ¢√öÀéÀ

èπ◊ am I éπÈ®é¬d? áçü¿’-éπE? èπ◊ question tag 'am I?'

Question tag

A. Present Perfect(form of the verb, I/ we/ you/ they have + Past participle; He/ she/ it + has + Past Participle (PP) - Have gone, has seen etc. We use this tense for a past action, time not stated time

í∫ûªç™ ïJ-T† N≠æߪ’ç, ïJ-T† ûÁ-L-ߪ’-†°æ¤p-úø’. They have seen that movie = ¢√∞¡Ÿx Ç ÆœE´÷ îª÷¨»®Ω’ – í∫ûªç™; á°æ¤púø’ ÅØËC îÁ°æpúøç ™‰ü¿’. Q. Past Tense †’ -á-™« -¢√-ú≈-L? A. í∫ûªç™ ïJ-T† N≠æߪ’ç, á°æ¤púø’ ïJ-TçC ÅE îÁ°œp†°æ¤púø’ Past simple tense (Past doing word - saw, went, gave, etc) ¢√úøû√ç. They saw the movie yesterday = ¢√∞¡Ÿx E†o ÆœE´÷ îª÷¨»®Ω’. -´’-JéÌ-Eo -îª÷-úøç-úÕ.

a) He has taken my book (has taken - present perfect -

Åûªúø’ Ø√ °æ¤Ææhéπç BÆæ’-èπ◊-Ø√oúø’ – í∫ûªç, Å®·ûË, í∫ûªç™ á°æ¤púø’ ÅØËC îÁ°æp™‰ü¿’)

b) He took my book last night - (took - past simple tense) time

Åûªúø’ E†o Ø√ °æ¤Ææhéπç BÆæ’ûÁ©’-°æ¤-ûª’Ø√oç) èπ◊-Ø√oúø’. (E†o ÅE

eg: He bought a big car sentence verb bought. clause - He bought a big car meaning complete main clause sentence simple sentence.

Ñ ™ äÍé 鬕öÀd Éçü¿’™ äÍé Ééπ\úø 鬕öÀd ÉüË ÉüË Åçü¿’-éπE ÉC

ÖçC –

b) Complex sentence: A sentence with one main clause and one or more subordinate clauses. verbs sentence verbs clauses

Åçõ‰ Åçü¿’™ äéπöÀ éπçõ‰ áèπ◊\´ Öçú≈L. áçü¿’-éπçõ‰ äéπ ™ Öçõ‰ ÅEo 鬕öÀd. áEo eg: The car which he bought is big. Ééπ\úø bought äéπ verb, is È®çúÓ verb. Åçü¿’-éπE Éçü¿’™ È®çúø’ clauses: 1) The car which he bought = Åûªúø’ é̆o car - Meaning not complete subordinate clause. 2) (The car) is big meaning complete - subordinate clause. The car which he bought is big, complex sentence.

°ü¿lC –

鬕öÀd

c) Compound sentence: A sentence with two or more main clauses. verbs caluses

Åçõ‰ Éçü¿’™ Öçú≈-©-†o-´÷ô. èπÿú≈ È®çúø’/ áèπ◊\´ èπÿ °æ‹Jh Å®Ωnç Öçú≈L. ÅEo

eg: He bought a car and it is big. i) He bought a car car meaning complete - main clause

éÌØ√oúø’ –

ii) And it is big = main clause. type of sentence two types of sentences standard forms of transformation

†’ N’í∫û√ í¬ ´÷®Ωa-´îª’a. éÌEo ÖØ√o®·. ¢√öÀE îª÷ÊÆ ´·çü¿’, Ñ °æü¿ç Å®Ωnç ûÁ©’-Ææ’èπ◊çü∆ç. Inspite of/ despite = Å®·-†-°æp-öÀéà ÉC ´ÊÆh

Q. I am young.

simple sentence. Though/ although/ even though = complex.

A. I am not a teacher, am I?

Å®·†°æpöÀéà – ÉC ´ÊÆh / é¬F/ Å®·ûË/ Å®·-†-°æpöÀéà – ÉN ´ÊÆh But/ yet/ and yet = compound.

Q. I am not hungry. A. I am not hungry, am I?

Inspite of his bad health, he works hard =

Q. I am not a boy, am I?

ÅûªúÕ Ç®Óí∫uç ¶«í∫’ç-úø-†-°æp-öÀéÃ, Åûªúø’ éπ≠d-°æ æúÕ °æEîË-≤ƒhúø’. Verb - works - only one - so only one

A. I am not young, am I?

M.A.K.Chakravarthi, (East Godavari)

Nadakuduru

Q.

§˘®Ωg-N’éÀ Fool Moon ņúøç éπÈ®-ÍédØ√? ÅÆæ©’ Ææ´÷üµ∆†ç Full Moon ņ’-èπ◊ç-ô’Ø√oç.È®ç-úÕç-öÀ-™ -à-C éπÈ®èπ◊d? A. Full Moon ņúøç correct. Fool moon Åa- ûª°æ¤p. Q. Simple, Complex Sentences

a) Simple sentence - A simple sentence has only one main clause. It may have a phrase = a group of words without a verb.

ÅC °ü¿lC –

A. I am lucky, aren't I?

Q. I am not a teacher.

2) That I am here.

É™« äéπ

Q. I am lucky.

A. I am young, aren't I?

éÀçC tense © Ö°æ-ßÁ÷-í¬Eo Öü∆-£æ«-®Ω-ù-©ûÓ -ûÁ-©’°æç-úÕ. Present Perfect †’ á°æ¤p-úø’ -¢√-ú≈-L?-

©’ ûÁ©’-°æçúÕ.

A. I am a teacher, aren't I?

Q.

™ 鬕öÀd Ñ

ÖØ√o®· – ™ 2

È®çúø’

Åûªúø’

Q. I am a teacher.

M Rangaiah, Yellandu.

He knows that I am here sentence verbs knows, am sentence clauses -1) He knows

Ñ

A Past Perfect Tense - verb form - Had + Past Participle (PP) for the 1st of 2 or more past actions had + pp - past perfect

P. Ramakrishna, Vijayawada. Q.

2

and

Compound

í∫’Jç* îÁ°æpçúÕ.

A. 1) a) A clause: A group of words with a verb eg: If she comes here, ... b) A main clause: A clause with complete meaning eg: She knows me = meaning complete.

Ç¢Á’èπ◊ ؈’

ûÁ©’Ææ’.

c) A subordinate clause eg: A clause without complete meaning eg: When he went there = 6 forms of verbs

Åûª-†-éπ\úÕ ¢ÁRx-†-°æ¤púø’ Å®Ωnç °æ‹®Ωh-´í∫’®Ω’h-Ø√o®· ™‰ü¿’. (O’èπ◊ éπü∆)

clause - simple sentence. Though/ although/ even though his health is bad, he works hard. sentence Verbs -1) is 2) works. Though his health is bad - subordinate clause - sentence - complex. His health is bad, but/ yet/ and yet he works hard =

D†®Ωnç, °j

Å®Ωnç

äéπõ‰.

ÅüË Å®Ωnç – ÅûªúÕ Ç®Óí∫uç ¶«í∫’ç-úøü¿’. é¬F/ Å®·ûË Åûªúø’ éπ≠d-°æ æúÕ °æE-îË-≤ƒhúø’.His health is bad - one main clause But/ yet/ and yet - second main clause.so - this is a compound sentence. Simple, compound, complex standard convertions i) Infinitive (to go, to come, to dance, etc), ii) ...ing form (going, coming, singing, having, etc) and iii) past participle (gone, seen, sung, given, etc) verbs groups of words, clauses

OöÀE äéπ ®Ωéπç

†’ç* ÉçéÓ ®Ωé¬-EéÀ ´÷Í®aç-ü¿’èπ◊ ÖØ√o®·. ÉçéÓ N≠æߪ’ç

鬴¤. Åçü¿’-´©x ÉN Ö†o 鬴¤.

Spoken English -§ƒ-ûª -¢√u≤ƒ-©éÓÆæç -éÀxé˙ -îË-ߪ’ç-úÕ.. URL: http://www.eenadu.net/spoken/spoken.htm

-´’çí∫-∞¡-¢√®Ωç 11 - †-´ç-•®Ω’ 2008

Ñ-Ø√-úø’ £j«-ü¿®√-¶«-ü˛

Ch.V.Satyanarayana, Ravikampadu (W.G.Dt.) Q. Please doubts.

clarify

the

. Illegal= îªôdç ä°æ¤p-éÓ-EC Lawless = 1) îªôdç Å´’-©’-é¬E v°æüË-¨»©’ – Åéπ\úø îªö«d©’ °æE-îË-ߪ’´¤, Åéπ\úÕ v°æï©’ îªö«dEo ÅÆæ©’ ™„éπ\-îËߪ’®Ω’. 2) îªôdç Åçõ‰ ©éπ~uç-™‰E.

Suggestion

- Advice á°æ¤p-úÁ-°æ¤púø’ ¢√ú≈L? A. Suggestion Åçõ‰ Ææ÷. Advice = Ææ©£æ… suggestion, advice Åçûª strong é¬ü¿’.

Group clashes are common there, as it is a lawless area=

îªôdç °æE-îË-ߪ’E îÓôC, Åçü¿’-éπE ´®Ω_ Ææç°∂æ’-®Ω{-ù©’ Åéπ\úø ≤ƒüμΔ-®Ωùç. (Lawless roads = îªôd °æJ-®Ω-éπ~-ù-™‰E, üΔJ üÓ°œ∞¡Ÿx, £æ«ûªu©’ áèπ◊\-´í¬ ïJÍí ®Ω£æ«-üΔ®Ω’x) Illegitimate = Ææ´÷ïç éπô’d-¶«-ôxèπ◊ N®Ω’-ü¿l¥-¢Á’i† An illegitimate child = N¢√-Ê£«-ûª®Ω Ææç•çüμ¿ç ´©x °æ¤öÀd† Gúøf.

a) Go ahead and buy that house; that's my advice to you =

é¬E´¤y. Ç É-©’x- éÌØËß˝’. ÅC

Ø√ Ææ©£æ…. ÉC äéπ-°æE îËߪ’-´’E/ îËßÁ·-ü¿lE í∫öÀdí¬ îÁ°æpúøç (advice äéπJ E®Ωgߪ÷Eo v°æ¶μ«-Nûªç îËßÁ·îª’a) b) How about buying that house?

Q. How to express the following dialogues in English.

Why don't you buy it? Just think over it=

Ç É©’x éÌØÌîËa¢Á÷ îª÷úø’. é̆-èπÿ-úøüΔ? – ÉC suggestion (Ææ÷)– éÌçõ‰ ᙫ Öçô’çüÓ îª÷úø’, ÅE E®Ωg-ߪ÷Eo ¢√JÍé ´C-™‰-ߪ’úøç. Q. Rather, Rather than Åçõ‰ Å®Ωnç àN’öÀ? ᙫ ¢√ú≈L? A. Ratherèπ◊ Rather than èπÿ Ææç•çüμ¿ç ™‰ü¿’. Rather = (´’†èπ◊ †îªaE N≠æߪ’ç). é¬Ææh áèπ◊\¢Ë ÅØË ¶μ«´ç. a) The movie is rather boring = Ç ÆœE´÷ é¬Ææh NÆæ’Íí. b) The place is rather distant = Ç v°æü˨¡ç é¬Ææh ü¿÷®Ω¢Ë’. Rather than - äéπ-üΔ-E-éπçõ‰ – §ÚL-éπ© ’ ûÁL-Ê°ç-ü¿’èπ◊ ¢√úøû√ç. Rather than take the trouble of going to the cinema, I'd like to sit at home and watch the TV = Cinema hall TV

Èé∞Ïx v¨¡´’ °æ-úø-ôç éπçõ‰ Éçöx îª÷úøö«-EÍé É≠æd-°æ-úøû√. He would rather die than tell a lie = î√´-ØÁjØ√ îª≤ƒh-úø’-í¬E, Å•ü¿l¥ç ´÷vûªç îÁ°æpúø’. Q. Home - House ᙫ Ö°æ-ßÁ÷-Tçî√L? A. Home- ´’†ç -´’† èπ◊ô’ç• Ææ¶μº’u-©ûÓ E´-Æ œçîË É©’x home. At home = Éçöx Åçõ‰ á´-JE í∫’Jç* ´÷ö«x-úø’-ûª’-Ø√o¢Á÷ ¢√∞¡x É©’x ņo ´÷ô. My home, his home, etc ņ-´-Ææ®Ωç. a) He went home = Åûªúø’ ¢√Rxç-öÀéÀ ¢ÁRx-§Ú-ߪ÷úø’ b) I left my cell at home = Ø√ cell (´÷) Éçöx ´’J-*-§Ú-ߪ÷†’. House = E´-Æ œç-îËç-ü¿’èπ◊ °æE-éÌîËa à É©x®·Ø√. These houses were built a century ago = Ñ É∞¡Ÿx ¨¡û√•lç Ø√öÀN. Q. Indirect speech™éÀ ´÷Í®a-ô-°æ¤púø’ Direct speech ™-E go ÅØË verb, Indirect speech™ come í¬ ´÷®Ω’-ûª’çC. à Ææçü¿-®Ωs¥ç™ É™« ï®Ω’í∫’-ûª’çC? á°æ¤púø’ ï®Ωí∫ü¿’? A. Direct †’ç* Indirect èπ◊ ´÷Ja-†-°æ¤p-úø™«x come, go Å´-†-éπ\-Í®xü¿’. Go á°æ¤púø÷ èπÿú≈ come Å´ü¿’. Go, go í¬ØË Öçô’çC. Tense ´÷®Ωúøç ûª°æp. Å®√nEo •öÀd come, go Å¢Ìya, ÅD Å°æ¤púø-°æ¤púË. ÅçûË-í¬F, come ´*a†°æ¤púø™«x go Å¢√y©E ™‰ü¿’. Ééπ\úø Å®Ωnç ´·êuç grammar rule é¬ü¿’. èπÿ®Ω’aE

eg: Direct speech: ''she told the beggar to go away,'' said he to me.

á) îª÷úø-èπ◊çú≈ ®√ߪ’çúÕ. G) í∫’ç@∞¡Ÿx Bߪ’çúÕ. Æœ) ´çí∫’E îªü¿-´çúÕ. úÕ) íÓúø-èπ◊Ka ¢Ëߪ’çúÕ. A They are not 'dialogues', but only sen-

.

a) Write without from memory.

Q. Illegal - lawless - illegitimate Dictionaries

àN’öÀ? ᙫ ¢√ú≈L? Å®Ωnç äÍ陫 Öç-öç-C.

-© ´’üμ¿u ûËú≈ ™ OöÀ

Uses: Politicians believe in making lay while the sun shines =

I have some doubts in English, explain me.

D°æç Öçúø-í¬ØË É©’x îªéπ\ ¶„ô’déÓ--¢√-©-ØË -N-≠æ-ߪ÷-Eo ®√-ïéÃ-ߪ’ -Ø√-ߪ’èπ◊-©’ -†-´·tû√®Ω’. So they make money while in power = -Åç-ü¿’éπ-E -Å-Cμ鬮Ωç -Ö-†o°æ¤p-úË, -Åç-C-†ç-ûª Ææç-§ƒCç-èπ◊ç-ö«®Ω’.

Q.

vÊ°N’ÊÆh, üËy≠œÊÆh, AúÕûË, éÌúÕûË, vÊ°¢Á’iûË, ≤ƒy®Ωn-¢Á’iûË– É™«çöÀ °æüΔ-©†’ English™ ᙫ îÁ§ƒpL? give + able = givable, giveèπ◊, able add îËߪ’úøç üΔy®√ ûÁ©’-í∫’™ àN-üμ¿çí¬ Å®Ωnç îËÆæ’-éÓ-´îª’a. Lovable, forgivable °æüΔ-©†’ N´-Jç-îªçúÕ. A. vÊ°N’ÊÆh= If/ when we love üËy≠œÊÆh = If/ when we hate

b) do sit - ups.

AúÕûË = If/ when we scold éÌúÕûË = If/ when we beat vÊ°¢Á’iûË = If there is love ≤ƒy®Ωn-´’-®·ûË = If there is self-

c) Bend and read.

ishness/ If we are selfish

d) Lean against the wall with bent knees.

giveable / giveable =

Q. He comes on time He comes in time

éπÈ®-ÍédØ√? ™‰üΔ éπÈ®é¬d? A. In time = Time èπ◊ é¬Ææh ´·çü¿’ ´*a ready í¬ Öçúøôç. On time = Time èπ◊ ÆæJí¬_.

able

A. Sridhar,Kadapa. Q.

éÀçC °æüΔ-©†’ ûÁ©’-í∫’™ N´-Jç-îª-í∫-©®Ω’.

 Floor birds

P. Balu, Siddipet(Medak) Q. English

†’ ÆæúÁ-Ø˛í¬ Ö°æ-ßÁ÷-Tç-î√-©çõ‰ î√™« éπ≠dçæ í¬ ÖçöçC? ´÷®Ω_ç àN’öÀ? English ®√¢√©çõ‰ ¢Á·ü¿ô àN’ ØË®Ω’a-éÓ-¢√L? Tense, Articles, Prepositions ™ ¢ËöÀE Ææ´’-®Ωnçí¬ ØË®Ω’a-èπ◊çõ‰ éπFÆæç 50 ¨»ûªç ´÷ö«x-úø-í∫-©’-í∫’û√ç? ÉçTx≠ˇ ØË®Ω’aéÓ-´-ú≈-EéÀ ´’ç* °æ¤Ææh-é¬-©’çõ‰ îÁ°æpçúÕ. A. O’®Ω’ ´÷ö«x-ú≈-©-†’-èπ◊çõ‰ îËߪ÷-Lq† °æ-ØË-N’-ôç-õ‰ ¶„®Ω’èπ◊ ™‰èπ◊çú≈, ûª°æ¤p îË≤ƒh-¢Ë’¢Á÷ ÅØË ¶μºßª’ç ™‰èπ◊çú≈ ´÷ö«x-úË-ߪ’-ô¢Ë’. Å™« Çûªt N¨»y-ÆæçûÓ ´÷ö«x-úø’-ûª’çõ‰ ´’†èπ◊ ûÁL-ߪ’-èπ◊ç-ú≈ØË improve Å´¤-ûª’çC. English newspaper Å®Ωnç Å®·Ø√, é¬éπ-§Ú-®·Ø√ îªü¿-´úøç î√™« ´·êuç. *†o *†o story books in English îªü¿’-´¤ûª÷ Öçúøôç èπÿú≈ Ææ£æ…-ߪ’- °æ-úø’-ûª’çC.

A. The sun rises only in the east, why not in the west?/ The sun rises only in the east, but not in the west, why? Q.

éÀçC ÉçTx≠ˇ ¢√é¬u-©èπ◊ ûÁ©’í∫’ ûÁ©’-°æçúÕ. A. É-´-Fo ≤ƒ¢Á’-ûª©’ (proverbs) Cats and dogs = It's raining cats and dogs

ïúÕ-¢√† èπ◊®Ω’-≤ÚhçC ÅØË Åçö«ç.

 Make lay while the sun shines. Make lay while the sun shines =

áçúø Ö†o°æ¤púË, í∫úÕf áçúËÆæ’éÓ-¢√-L / áçúø-¶„-ô’d-éÓ-¢√L – ûÁ©’-í∫’™ 'D°æç Öçúø-í¬ØË É©’x îªéπ\-°-ô’d-éÓ-¢√L— éÀ Ææ´÷†ç.

 Slow and study wins the race. steady

wins

the

race

=

EüΔ†ç, E©-éπúø Ö†o-¢√∞Ïx °æçüÁç-™ Èí©’-≤ƒh®Ω’. ûÁ©’í∫’ ≤ƒ¢Á’ûª – EüΔ-†¢Ë’ v°æüμΔ†ç.  Haste makes waste

P.MuktheswaraRao,Gurajala (Guntur).

A. Like, dislike, love, hate, hope, wish, want, envy, etc., these verbs express feelings. Q. What is the difference among below sentences. a) We go to Madras for summer. b) We are going to Madras for summer. c) We are going to go to Madras for summer. A. i) We go to Madras for summer = We go to Madras every summer.

¢√u§ƒ®Ω/ ¢√ùÀïu Å稻©’ – ´Ææ’h-´¤© ™«çöÀN.

marketing

 Universal appeal The story of the Ramayanam has a universal appeal.

Åçü¿JF Çéπ-J{çîË/ Åçü¿-Jéà ÇÆæéÀh éπL-TçîË –

 Exposure 1)

áçúø, ¢√†, í¬L ûªT-™‰ô’x Ç®Ω’ •ßª’ô Öçúøôç, Öçîªúøç. Because of exposure to the sun, the door is cracking =

Exposure to American culture improved her English = English

has

Å¢Á’-J-éπØ˛ ÆæçÆæ \%A ¶«í¬ ´%Cl¥

ņ’-¶μº´ç ´©x Ç¢Á’ îÁçCçC. 3) Eïç •ôd-•-ߪ’©’ îËߪ’úøç:

The paper's exposure of the scams of the ministers has made it the enemy of the govt =

´’çvûª’© èπ◊ç¶μº-éÓ-ù«-©-†’ •ßª’-ô-°-ôdúøç ´©x v°æ¶μº’-û√y-EéÀ °ævAéπ ¨¡vûª’-¢ÁjçC.  Holding hands

îËûª’©’ °æô’d-éÓ-´úøç.  Shut out

Haste makes waste =

ûÌçü¿-®Ω-§ƒô’ ´©x †≠æd¢Ë’.

 Sweet are the uses of adversity. Sweet are the uses of adversity =

éπ≥ƒd© Ö°æßÁ÷í∫ç Bߪ’í¬ Öçô’çC = éπ≥ƒd© ´©x èπÿú≈ ¢Ë’©’ éπ©’-í∫’-ûª’çC.

 The crown and glory of life is character.

@Nû√-EéÀ ¨¶μº èπÿÍ®aC Q©¢Ë’.  Prevention is better than cure.

¢√uCμ ´*a† ûª®√yûª †ßª’ç îËÊÆç-ü¿’-éπçõ‰, ®√èπ◊çú≈ Ç°æúøç/ E¢√-Jç-îªúøç ´’ç*C. îÁúø’ ïJT† ûª®√yûª °∂æL-û√-©†’ áü¿’-®Ì\ØË éπçõ‰ îÁúø’ ï®Ω-í∫èπ◊ç-ú≈ îª÷úøôç ¢Á’®Ω’í∫’.  A friend indeed is a friend in deed. Correct form of the proverb:A friend in need, is a friend indeed = indeed =

ÅÆæ-™„j† N’vûª’úø’.

We were horror stricken at the sight of the man killing his wife.

áçúø ûªT-™‰-ô’xç-úøôç ´©x, ûª©’°æ¤™ °æí∫’-∞Ôx-î√a®·. 2) àüÁjØ√ ņ’-¶μº´´’ßË’u °æJ-Æ œnA.

 Casts and dogs.

and

 Horror stricken

É´y--ü¿-T†

lovable =

Slow

ÅØË ´÷ô ™‰ü¿’. = îÁéπ\ûÓ îËÆœ† ØË©

 Commercial aspects

îËJÊÆh – ûªT†

Å®ΩnçûÓ,

Floor birds Floor board

¶μºßª’-v¶μ«ç-ûª’-©-´úøç –

vÊ°N’ç-îª-ü¿-T† forgivable = éπ~N’ç-îª-ü¿-T† X unforgivable = éπ~N’ç-îª-®√E M.SURESAN Q. éÀçC ¢√é¬u-©†’ ÉçTx-≠ˇ™  ûÁ©’-°æçúÕ. Ææ÷®Ω’uúø’ ûª÷®Ω’pØË áçü¿’èπ◊ Öü¿-®·-≤ƒhúø’? °æúø-´’-®Ω† Öü¿-®·ç-îª-èπÿ-úøüΔ?

Now would you please tell me how many Emotional verbs are there in English and explain me all of these Emotional verbs.

Meaning is always more important than any grammar rule.

-

á´J éπ®Ωtèπ◊ ¢√Í® ¶«üμ¿’u©’.

-Ççí∫x-¶μ«-≠æ-ù 519

seeing/

eg: Direct speech: ''come here,'' he said to the child.

É™« ´÷®Ωaúøç Å®Ωnç éÓÆæ¢Ë’. ÅE ™ ņç éπüΔ. ÅØË Åçö«ç. ÅC í∫´’-Eç-î√-Lq† N≠æߪ’ç.

Every man is the architect of his own destiny =

T.Bhaskar, Mandapeta.

tences. A dialogue means a conversation.

Q. Please clarify my doubts. We use 'ing' form for some perceptional verbs. But it take an other meaning. We called these verbs as Emotional verbs.

Indirect speech: He told the child to go there. To come there English To go there

iii) We are going to go to Madras for summer = Very soon we are starting for Madras to be there in summer.

The cr own and glor y of life is character

Indirect speech: He told me that she had told the beggar to go away. go, come Come go

áéπ\ú≈ Å´yü¿’. †’ Å®Ωnç éÓÆæç î√™« Å®Ω’-ü¿’í¬ í¬ ´÷®Ω’≤ƒhç.

ii) We are going to Madras for summer = We are going in the coming summer

A

following

2

Å´Ææ-®Ωç™ Çü¿’-èπ◊ØË N’vûª’úË Eïç.

 Every man is the architect of his own future.

äéπ v°æüË-¨¡ç™éÀ ®√F-ߪ’-èπ◊çú≈ îËߪ’úøç/ à N≠æ-ߪ÷E-ÈéjØ√ ü¿÷®Ωçí¬ Öçîªúøç. a) The Dalits in the olden days were shut out of temples =

í∫ûªç™ ü¿R-ûª’-©†’ í∫’∞¡x-™xéÀ

®√E-îËa¢√®Ω’ é¬ü¿’. b) Eversince he leaked out my secrets, I have been shutting him out of my thoughts =

Ø√ ®Ω£æ«-≤ƒu-©†’ Åûªúø’ •ßª’ô °öÀd-†-°æpöÀ †’ç*, Ø√ Ç™-îª-†©èπ◊ Åûª-úÕE ü¿÷®Ωçí¬ Öç-ûª’-Ø√o†’/ ÅûªúÕéÀ Ø√ Ç™-îª-†©’ îÁ°æpúøç ™‰ü¿’.

 Go up 1) He is going up the social ladder very fast =

üμ¿®Ω-™«xç-öÀN °®Ω-í∫úøç. 2) áü¿í∫úøç –

Ææ´÷ïç EîÁa-†™ °jéÀ ¢ÁRx-§Ú-ûª’-Ø√oúø’ = Ææ´÷ïç™ ÅûªúÕ ÆœnA/ ÅûªE ≤ƒ´÷->éπ ÆœnA ¶«í¬ áü¿’í∫’-ûÓçC. 3) Theatres ™ ûÁ®Ω ™‰´úøç.

Spoken English -§ƒ-ûª -¢√u≤ƒ-©éÓÆæç -éÀxé˙ -îË-ߪ’ç-úÕ.. URL: http://www.eenadu.net/spoken/spoken.htm

í∫’®Ω’-¢√®Ωç 13 - †-´ç-•®Ω’ 2008

Ñ-Ø√-úø’ £j«-ü¿®√-¶«-ü˛

Nishant: What I am saying is serious. What are you playing at? Why don't you listen?

(؈’ îÁÊ°pC ´·êu-¢Á’i† N≠æߪ’ç. †’¢Ëyç îËÆæ’h-Ø√o´¤? N†-¢ËçöÀ?) Nischal: Don't hit the roof, buddy. I'm listening. Go ahead.

(Åçûª-éÓ-°æp-úøèπ◊, N’vûª´÷. ؈’- Nç-ô’Ø√o. é¬E-ß˝’.) Nishant: Sobhith is coming to town tomorrow. He is an outstanding player of the guitar. He is performing at the Rotary auditorium tomorrow.

(Í®°æ¤ ¨Gµû˝ Ü∞xéÀ ´Ææ’hØ√oúø’. Åûªúø’ íÌ°æp Tö«(®˝) ¢√ü¿u-é¬-®Ω’úø’. Rotary v§ƒçí∫-ùç™ éπîËK îËߪ’-¶-ûª’-Ø√oúø’.) Nischal: So what? (Å®·ûË?) Nishant: You know we went to school together. Let's meet him and ask him over to dinner.

Åçü¿-Jéà ŮΩn-´’ßË’u Nüµ¿çí¬ ´÷ö«x-úËç-ü¿’èπ◊ O©’í¬ éÌEo éÌEo expressions ÖØ√o®·. ÉN ´’† Spoken English †’ î√™« Ææ®Ω-∞¡çí¬, Ææ£æ«-ïçí¬ ÖçúËô’x îË≤ƒh®·. Å™«çöÀN éÌEo É°æ¤púø’ îª÷ü∆lç. Look at the following sentences: 1) What are you playing at? 2) He is an outstanding player of the guitar. 3) We went to school together. 4) We shall put across to him the idea. 5) He must be tied down with his own programmes. 6) Put forward the idea. 7) Dad's trying to talk me out of the music school idea, but I am going keep at it. 8) The only thing is he shows off when girls are around. 9) He stands out from the other guitarists.

2

"What are your children"

(O’ °œ©x™‰ç

îË≤ƒh®Ω’?) "One of them goes to school, and the other is doing B.Tech"

(äéπ®Ω’ Ææ÷\-©’èπ◊ -¢Á-∞¡Ÿ-ûª’-Ø√o®Ω’, ÉçéÌ-éπ®Ω’ B.Tech îËÆæ’h-Ø√o®Ω’.) 4) To put across - àüÁjØ√ N≠æߪ’ç N´-Jç-îªúøç, †îªa-ñ„Ê°p v°æߪ’-ûªoç™. a) I tried to put across the idea of starting a business, but dad wouldn't agree =

àü¿Ø√o ¢√u§ƒ®Ωç v§ƒ®Ωç-Gµ-≤ƒh-†ØË Ç™- ´÷ Ø√†oèπ◊ N´-Jçî√. é¬F Çߪ’†çü¿’èπ◊ ä°æ¤p-éÓ™‰ü¿’. b) He is a great teacher. He can put across even difficult things in a very easy manner

a) He is a great actor, OK, but he is a bit of a show off =

Åûªúø’ íÌ°æp †ô’úË é¬F é¬Ææh áa™„-èπ◊\-´-§Ú-ßË’-¢√úË.

b) For the little talent he has, he is too much of a show off =

Åûª-úÕ-èπ◊†o v°æA¶µ‰¢Á÷ ûªèπ◊\´, é¬F áa™‰¢Á÷ áèπ◊\´. EXERCISE Practise the following in English

Sasi: Tara:

´’†ç picnic èπ◊ ¢ÁRûË á™« Öçô’çC? áçü¿’èπ◊ ¢Á∞¡x-èπÿ-úøü¿÷? Å®·ûË ´÷ Ø√†o†’ Åúøí¬L éπü∆? É™«çöÀ ¢√öÀéÀ Çߪ’† é¬Ææh ´uAÍ®éπç. Sasi: N´-Jç* îª÷úø’

She never shows of f

(¢Ë’ç Éü¿l®Ωç äÍé Ææ÷\™x îªü¿’-´¤èπ◊Ø√oç. ÅûªúÕE ´’†ç éπLÆœ dinner èπ◊ °œ©’ü∆lç.) Nischal: But why? (áçü¿’-éÀ-ü¿çû√?)

1) be playing at something =

Nishant: We shall put across to him the idea of our starting a music school. We can ask him to give lessons once or twice a week in our school.

(´’†ç ÆæçUûªç §ƒ®∏Ω-¨»© start îËÊÆ N≠æߪ’ç Åûª-úÕéÀ îÁ°œp ¢√®√-E-éÓ-®Óñ È®çúø’ ®ÓV™ ´’† °œ©x-©èπ◊ ÆæçUûªç ØË®Ωp´’E Åúø-íÌa) Nischal: But isn't he very busy? He must be tied down with his own programmes.

(é¬F Åûªúø’ î√™« BJé𠙉èπ◊çú≈ Öçö«úø’éπ-ü∆? ÅûªúÕ programmes ÅûªúÕéÀ ÆæJ-§Ú-û√®· éπü∆?) Nishant: He can't turn me down. We are that close.

(††’o é¬ü¿-†-™‰úø’ ¢√úø’. ¢Ë’´’çûª ÆæEo-£œ«ûª’©ç.) Nischal: OK. Put forward the idea to him and see what he saying. A trial costs nothing. I'm with you.

(-Å-ûªúÕ-éπC îÁ°œp îª÷úø’ à´’ç-ö«úÓ. v°æߪ’Aoç-îªúøç ´©x §ÚßË’üËç ™‰ü¿’. ؈’ FûÓ àéÃ-¶µº-N-Ææ’hØ√o.)

-Ççí∫x-¶µ«-≠æ-ù 520

àüÓ îËÆæ÷h Öçúøôç (îËߪ÷-Lq† °æE é¬èπ◊çú≈). ÉC î√™« Ö°æßÁ÷-í∫-éπ-®Ω-¢Á’i† expression. ´’†ç îÁÊ°pC N†-èπ◊çú≈/ îËߪ÷-Lq† ´·êu-¢Á’i† °æE ´C-™‰Æœ ÉçÍé-ü¿Ø√o îËÆæ’hØ√o, éÓ°æçí¬, ÅÆæ-£æ«-†çí¬ ÅØË ´÷ô. á°æ¤púø÷ 'be' form + ing form ®Ω÷°æç-™ØË ¢√úøû√ç. a) He was playing at something when the discussion was going on =

Ñ N≠æߪ’ç ´’çvAéÀ N´-Jç. àç îÁ•’-ûª’çüÓ îª÷úø’. 6) Put forward = v°æA-§ƒ-Cç-îªúøç

Bv´çí¬ îª®Ωa ï®Ω’-í∫’-ûª÷çõ‰ àüÓ îËÆæ’h-Ø√o-úø-ûª†’, °æöÀdç--éÓ-èπ◊çú≈.

b) You are now asking me what he said? What's the idea? You were there, weren't you? What were you playing at when he was speaking? =

ÅûªØËç îÁ§ƒp-úøE É°æ¤púø’ ††’o Åúø’í∫’-ûª’-Ø√o¢√? àçöÀ F Ææçí∫A? †’´yéπ\-úø’-Ø√o´¤ éπü∆? Åûªúø’ ´÷ö«x-úø’-ûª’†o°æ¤púËç îËÆæ’h-Ø√o´¤? á´-®ΩØ√o °æ®Ω-üµ∆u-†çí¬ ÖçúÕ ÅÆæ©’ N≠æߪ’ç O’ü¿ ü¿%≠œd Öçîª-éπ-§ÚûË, É™« ´’çü¿-L≤ƒhç. O’ conversation ™ practice îËߪ’çúÕ. 2) Outstanding = î√™« íÌ°æp/ Åü¿’s¥-ûª-¢Á’i† a) Sachin's 40 centuries in test cricket is an outstanding achievement = Test cricket

™ Ææ*Ø˛ éÌöÀd† 40 ¨¡ûª-鬩’ Åü¿’s¥-ûª-¢Á’i† Nïߪ’ç.

(´÷ Ø√†o music school °öÔd-ü¿lE †îªa îÁÊ°pç-ü¿’èπ◊ v°æߪ’-Ao-Ææ’h-Ø√oúø’. é¬F Ø√Íé¢Á÷ °ö«d-©E ÖçC.)

c) MS Subbulakshmi was an outstanding exponent of Karnatic Music =

Nishant: Quite nice. The only trouble is he shows off when girls are around. But when it comes to playing the guitar, he stands out from the other guitarists.

(´’ç*-¢√úË. é¬F *éπ\-™«x °æéπ\† Å´÷t-®·©’çõ‰ áa-©’-§Ú-û√úø’. -T-ö«®˝ -N-≠æ-ߪ’ç-™ØÁj-ûË, N’í∫û√ Tö«-J-Ææ’d-©†’ N’ç*-§Ú-û√úø’.) Nischal: Don't I know that? I have a CD or two of his.

(ÅC Ø√èπ◊ ûÁL-ߪ’ü∆? ÅûªúÕ äéπö È®çúÓ Ø√ü¿í∫_®Ω ÖØ√o®·.)

CD

©’

Nishant: Well, I must be going. See you in the evening.

(ÆæÍ®, ØË¢Á∞«xL°æ¤púø’. ≤ƒßª’çvûªç éπ©’ü∆lç.)

a) The minister put forward the idea that scarce items be sold through fair-price shops =

M.SURESAN

b) In diagnosis this doctor is outstanding = doctor

(Ñ ¨Gµû˝ ᙫç-öÀ-¢√úø’?)

Çߪ’† íÌ°æp Teacher. ÅA éπ≠d-¢æ Á’i† N≠æߪ÷Eo èπÿú≈ î√™« Ææ’©¶µºçí¬ Å®Ωn-´’-ßË’uô’x N´-Jç-îªí∫-©úø’.

c) Put this across to the minister. See what she says =

Nishant: Dad's trying to talk me out of the music school idea but I am going to keep at it.

Nischal: What kind of guy is this Sobhit.

=

®Óí∫-E-®√l¥-®Ω-ù™ Ñ î√™« íÌ°æp. diagnosis = ®Óí∫ E®√l¥-®Ωù.

éπ®√g-ôéπ ÆæçU-ûªç™ áçáÆˇ Ææ’•’s-©éÀ~ t íÌ°æp ØÁj°æ¤ùuç éπL-T-Ø√¢Á’. Exponent = àüÁjØ√ ®Ωçí∫ç™ íÌ°æp ®√ùÀç°æ¤/ ØÁj°æ¤ùuç Ö†o-¢√∞¡Ÿx. Ms Sobha Naidu is an exponent of Kuchipudi dance =

¨¶µ«-Ø√-ߪ·úø’ èπÿ*-°æ‹úÕ Ø√ôuç™ ®√ùÀç°æ¤ Ö†o †®ΩhéÀ. 3) Go to School/ College/ University togethClassmate, er - Spoken English Schoolmate, Collegemate Go to school/ college/ university together playmate we played together

™ (Ææ£æ« Nü∆uJn) -Å-ØË

´÷ô© éπçõ‰ ÅØË ´÷ôØË áèπ◊\-´í¬ ¢√úø-û√®Ω’. Å™«Íí ÅØË-ü∆Eéπçõ‰ ÅØË áèπ◊\-´í¬ Åçö«®Ω’. ÅçûË-é¬-èπ◊çú≈ Spoken English ™ I am/ He is a student ņúøç éπçõ‰ I go/ He goes to school/ College ÅØË áèπ◊\-´í¬ Åçö«®Ω’.

éÌ®Ωûªí¬ Ö†o ´Ææ’h-´¤©†’ î¯éπ üµ¿®Ω© ü¿’é¬-ù«© ü∆y®√ -Å-N’tç-î√-©-E Çߪ’† v°æA-§ƒ-Cç-î√úø’. b) Einstein put forward the theory of relativity =

≤ƒÊ°éπ~ Æœü∆l¥ç-û√Eo âØ˛Æ‘dØ˛ v°æA-§ƒ-Cç-î√úø’.

5) Be tied down with/ tie somebody down =

•çD-©-´úøç/ •çD îËߪ’úøç. a) I want to go places, but my children's studies tie me down/ but I am tied down by my children's studies =

àüÓ Ø√©’-í∫÷∞¡Ÿx AJT ®√¢√-©E éÓJéπ, é¬F ´÷ °œ©x© îªü¿’-´¤©’ ††’o éπöÀd-°æ-úË-Ææ’h-Ø√o®·.

b) She wants to give up the job and practise dancing, but is tied down by family responsibilities =

ÖüÓuí∫ç ´C-™‰Æœ Ø√ôuç ØË®Ω’a-éÓ-¢√-©-†’ç-ü∆-¢Á’èπ◊ é¬F èπ◊ô’ç• ¶«üµ¿u-ûª-©’ Ç¢Á’†’ •çD îËÆæ’h-Ø√o®·. 7) Talk somebody out of something = - äéπ °æ-E -îË-ßÁ·-ü¿l-E †îªa-ñ„Ê°p v°æߪ’ûªoç--/ -¢√-J-ç-îª-úøç. a) I tried to talk him out of playing video games, and succeeded = Video games

´÷ØË-ߪ’-´’E Åûª-úÕéÀ †îªa-ñ„Ê°p v°æߪ’ûªoç îËÆœ ´÷Epç-îª-í∫-L-í¬†’. b) The opposition is trying to talk the government out of acquiring land for SEZs, but it is going ahead =

v°æûËuéπ ÇJnéπ ´’çúø-∞¡xèπ◊ ¶µº÷ÊÆ-éπ-®Ωù ´ü¿lE v°æA-°æ-é¬~ ©’ ¢√J-Ææ’hØ√o v°æ¶µº’ûªyç ´·çü¿’-ÈéRx§ÚûÓçC. 8) To show off = áa©’ §Ú´úøç/ íÌ°æp-©’ -îª÷°æ-úøç. a) For a person of her ability she is quite modest. She never shows off =

Ç¢Á’-èπ◊†o ≤ƒ´’-®√n u-EéÀ Ç¢Á’ î√-™« Eí∫Jy. á°æ¤púø÷ íÌ°æp©’ -îª÷°æü¿’/ áa-©-èπ◊-§Úü¿’.

b) Tendulkar never shows off for all his greatness as a batsman = batsman

Åçûª-íÌ°æp Å®·-†-°æp-öÀéà õ„ç-úø÷-©\®˝ á°æ¤púø÷ íÌ°æp-©èπ◊ §Úúø’/ áa©’ §Úúø’. Å™« íÌ°æp©’ îª÷°œç--èπ◊-ØË-¢√-∞¡x†’ 'a show-off' ÅE èπÿú≈ Åçö«ç.

(put

across

¢√úøçúÕ) Tara: éÀçü¿-öÀ-≤ƒJ Ø√é¬-ߪ’† áçûª îÁ§ƒpúÓ, ¢Á∞ Ôx-ü¿lE. *´JéÀ Çߪ’†’o ä°œpç-î√†’. (Talk ... out of ¢√úøçúÕ) Sasi: ´÷ cousin ïߪ’†’ èπÿú≈ ®Ω´’tE Å-úø’-í∫’-û√. Ç¢Á’ college ¢Á·û√hEéÀ íÌ°æp í¬-ߪ’E. (outstanding ¢√úøçúÕ) Tara: ûª†èπ◊ é¬Ææh áa©’ èπÿú≈ áèπ◊\-¢Ëí¬? (show off ¢√úøçúÕ) Sasi: ÅC Eï¢Ë’, Å®·ûË ÅC ûª°æp î√™« ´’ç*üË. Tara: ¢Ë’ç éπLÆœ îªü¿’-´¤-èπ◊Ø√oç school ™. O’ cousin Å®·-†-°æp-öÀéà ǢÁ’ í∫’Jç* Ø√èπ◊ ¶«í¬ ûÁ©’Ææ’. Sasi: OK. O’ Ø√†oûÓ ´÷ö«xúø’. ANSWER Sasi: How about a picnic? Tara: Why not? But I've to ask dad. He isn't very much for such things. Sasi: Put it across to him and see what he says. Tara: Last time he tried a lot to talk me out of it. somehow I was able to pursuade him. Sasi: I will ask my cousin Jaya along too. She is an outstanding singer in the whole college. Tara: She is a bit of a show off too/ she shows off a bit too. Sasi: That's true. But for that she is very good. Tara: We went to school together. Though she is your cousin, I know her better. Sasi: OK. Talk to your father.

A.Sridhar, Oripenta (Kadapa) Q. Promo preview

Åçõ‰ àN’öÀ? A. Promo preview- Éçü¿’™ promo, promotion èπ◊ short form = äéπ ´Ææ’h´¤/ ÊÆ´ Å´’téπç °çîËç-ü¿’èπ◊ îËÊÆ v°æéπ-ô-†©’ (advertisement), ´·êuçí¬ pop (Åüµ¿’-Ø√-ûª† ÆæçUûªç) CD © Å´’t-é¬Eo music °çîËç-ü¿’èπ◊. Preview = äéπ *vû√Eo/ TV show †÷, ¢√öÀ Núø’-ü¿©èπ◊ ´·çüË éÌçûª-´’çC v°æûËuéπ Ç£æ…y-E-ûª’-©èπ◊ ´÷vûª¢Ë’ îª÷°æúøç/ äéπ pop music CD E Núø’-ü¿-©èπ◊ ´·çüË, éÌçûª´’çCéÀ v°æü¿-Jzç-îªúøç, NE-°œç-îªúøç. Promo preview = v°æî √®Ωç éÓÆæç ÖüËl-Pç-*† CD/ Movie/ TV show ©†’ (´·êuçí¬ Pop music èπ◊ Ææç•ç-Cµç*) Núø’-ü¿-©èπ◊ ´·çü¿’ éÌçûª-´’çC v°æûËuéπ Ç£æ…y-E-ûª’-©èπ◊ îª÷°æúøç.

Spoken English -§ƒ-ûª -¢√u≤ƒ-©éÓÆæç -éÀxé˙ -îË-ߪ’ç-úÕ.. URL: http://www.eenadu.net/spoken/spoken.htm

-Ç-C-¢√®Ωç 16 -†-´ç-•®Ω’ 2008

'Is your

Ñ-Ø√-úø’ £j«-ü¿®√-¶«-ü˛

Madhu, Hyderabad.

D. Seshanna, Adoni

P. Srinivasa Rao,

Q. I guess, I wonder, I am afraid

Q.

Pithapuram

ᙫ Ö°æ-ßÁ÷-Tç-î√™ Öü∆-£æ«-®Ω-ù©ûÓ ûÁ©’-°æí∫-©®Ω’. A. I guess = ņ’-èπ◊ç-ô ’-Ø√o†’/ Ü£œ«ç--èπ◊ç-ô’Ø√o†’ I wonder = ÆæçüË-£æ«çí¬ Öçúøôç dad at home?' (O’ Ø√†o Éçöx

ÖØ√o®√?) 'I wonder'

(ÆæçüË-£æ«¢Ë’)

I wonder who is in =

™°æ© á´-®Ω’-Ø√o®Ó

(éπ*a-ûªçí¬ îÁ°æp-™‰†’) I'm afraid = I doubt =

Ø√èπ◊ ÆæçüË-£æ«¢Ë’. (àü¿-®·Ø√ îÁúø’ N≠æߪ’ç/ É≠ædç-™‰E N≠æߪ’ç îÁÊ°pç-ü¿’èπ◊ ¢√úøû√ç.) 'Has he passed? (¢√úø’ pass Åߪ÷uú≈?) 'I'm afraid no' (™‰ü¿-†’-èπ◊çö« pass Å´-™‰-ü¿E ûÁ©’Ææ’, é¬E îÁÊ°pç-ü¿’èπ◊ ÆæçéÓîªç) fail

(Åûªúø’ ´’Sx Åߪ÷uú≈?) 'I'm afraid yes.'

relax (v.a) A. CP Brown Dictionary Edition viations

î√™« Editions ÖØ√o®·. ؈’ îª÷Æœ† ™ O’®Ω’-ü¿-£æ«-Jç-*† abbreéπE°œç‰ü¿’. ´’®Ó Edition îª÷Æœ îÁÊ°pçü¿’èπ◊ v°æߪ’-Ao≤ƒhç. Q. Delexical verbs ´ÊÆh ¢√öÀéÀ sentence ™ Å®Ωnç Öçúø-ü¿E îªC-¢√†’(live, have, make, take, do hold, keep, set, gave) OöÀ™  à verb †’ àßË’ Ææçü¿-®√s¥™x Ö°æ-ßÁ÷-Tç-î√™ ûÁ©’-Ææ’-èπ◊-ØË-üÁ™«? ÉNé¬-èπ◊çú≈ ´·êu-¢Á’i† delexical verbs Éçé¬ à¢Á’iØ√ ÖØ√oߪ÷? N´-Jç-îªçúÕ. A. Delexical verbs Åçõ‰, v°æûËuéπ Å®Ωnç-™‰E, ¢√éπu E®√t-ù«-EéÀ ´÷vûª¢Ë’ Ö°æ-ßÁ÷-TçîË verbs.

1. The English words for left hand writing and right hand writing and also both hands writing persons. A. No special words or expressions for left

Q. '36 foot Ganesh idol' feet

ÅE äéπ ¢√éπuç™ ÖçC. ÅØ√L éπü∆. A. 36-foot Ganesh idol ņ-úø¢Ë’ correct. Ééπ\úø 36

hand writing and right hand writing.

Q. Difference and usage for idioms and phrases.

Ambidextrons means capable of doing any-

A. Idioms - a group of words -

Éçü¿’-™E äéÌ\éπ\ ´÷ô Å®√n-Eéà ¢Á·ûªhç Å®√n-Eéà Ææç•çüµ¿ç Öçúøü¿’– eg: Run short of = éÌ®Ω-ûªí¬ Öçúøôç. We are running short of time = ´’†èπ◊ time ûªèπ◊\-´í¬ ÖçC/ ûªT_-§ÚûÓçC. îª÷¨»®Ω’ éπü∆? Ééπ\úø run Å®√n-EéÃ, short Å®√n-Eéà run short of éπL-°œûË ´îËa Å®√n-Eéà Ææç•ç-üµ¿ç-™‰ü¿’. Å™«çöÀ

thing with both the hands. Q. Difference and usage of words admit, allow, permit.

Ééπ\úø Å´¤-ûª’çC. áçü¿’-éπçõ‰ -Ççí∫x-¶µ«-≠æ-ù 521 ÅØË •ü¿’©’, ÅE Åçö«ç. Å™«Íí Allow: Agree that something is true Ñ ™ or correct. èπÿú≈ "I allow that they have superior ™ bating strength" ™ ™ É™«çPermit: This is formal, official and Å®·Ø√ öÀ´Fo legal: Cell phones are not permití¬ ´÷ö«x-úËç-ü¿’èπ◊ ted on the campus. M.SURESAN èπ◊) Q. What is the difference between cool and N≠æ-ߪ÷©’ ûÁ©’-Ææ’-éÓÉ™«çöÀ cold. ¶«í¬ ´÷ö«x¢√-Lq† Å´-Ææ®Ωç ™‰ü¿’ éπü∆? úø-í∫-LÍí-¢√-∞¡x-éÀ-´Fo ûÁLߪ’ü¿’. ´’†ç -èπÿú≈ ÅN A. Cool = Fairly cold but pleasant - cool ûÁL-ߪ’-èπ◊ç-ú≈ØË ¶«í¬ ´÷ö«x-úø-í∫©ç. É™«çöÀ ¢√öÀE breeze, cool shade, etc. °æöÀdç--éÓ-éπçúÕ. Cold = having a temperature lower than the

The job would

have been done by him. Q. I will say, I would say

´’üµ¿u ûËú≈-†’ Öü∆-£æ«-®Ω-ù©ûÓ N´-Jç-îª-í∫-©®Ω’. A. I will say = ؈’ îÁ•’-û√†’, future ™. If he asks me about it, I will say I don't know anything about it =

Åûªúø’ ††’o Ç N≠æߪ’ç ÅúÕ-TûË Ø√Íéç ûÁLߪ’-ü¿E îÁ•’û√†’. I would say = ´’†èπ◊ ÅE-°œç-*† N≠æߪ’ç îÁÊ°pç-ü¿’èπ◊, I would say... Åçö«ç. I would say that on any day he is better than his brother =

àØ√-öÀ-éπ-®·Ø√ ÅûªúÕ ûª´·túÕ éπçõ‰ ¢√úË †ßª’-´’E Åçö«/ ÅE Ø√ ÅGµ-v§ƒßª’ç. Q. What is the reason, what could be the reason

´’üµ¿u ûËú≈ àN’öÀ? A. What is the reason? = 鬮Ω-ù-¢Ë’çöÀ? What could be the reason? = 鬮Ωùç à¢Á’i Öçô’çü¿¶«s?! Q. Voice I shall be writing a letter A letter shall be being written by me

™

†’

ÅE

®√ßÁ·î√a? A. I shall be writing a letter future continuous tense, perfect continuous tenses passive form English usage future continuous passive form

ÉC

èπ◊ ÖØ√o ¢√úø®Ω’. ™ ÅN ™‰´¤. Å™«Íí èπ◊ èπÿú≈ Ææ÷vûªç v°æ鬮Ωç, O’®Ω’ ÖØ√o ÅC ¢√úø’éπ™ Ææ÷*ç-*† ™‰ü¿’. ÅC ¢√úøØË ¢√úø®Ω’. Q. I shall have eaten a mango †’ A mango will have been eaten by me ÅØÌî√a? éÀçC ¢√öÀE ûÁ©’-°æ-í∫-©®Ω’. Ææ÷vûª v°æ鬮Ωç

shall : helping verb

have : helping verb

verb

†’ à´’çö«®Ω’? eaten: main verb. been í∫’Jç* N´-Jç* àßË’ Ææçü¿-®√s¥™x Ö°æ-ßÁ÷-T-≤ƒh®Ó ûÁ©’-°æçúÕ. A. The mango will have been eaten by me-

Éçü¿’-™E verb- will have been eaten. Ñ verb ™ will have been ¢Á·ûªhç, Helping verb; eaten - Main verb. 'been' Have/ has/ had/ shall have/ should have/ will have/ would have etc., been be form

èπ◊ äçô-Jí¬ à Ö°æ-ßÁ÷í∫ç ™‰ü¿’. ûª®√yûª

´ÊÆh

normal temperature and unpleasant.

P.V. Ramanarao, Visakhapatnam Q.

O’®Ì-éπ-îÓô since †’ present perfect ™ ´÷vûª¢Ë’ ¢√ú≈©E îÁ°œp äéπ\ Öü∆-£æ«-®Ωù ´÷vûª¢Ë’ Éî√a®Ω’. Since †’ present perfect, present perfect continuous, past perfect ©™ ¢√úÌa éπü∆. 1. He has been ill since yesterday (present perfect)

A. Penchalaiah, Rajampet

A. Admit = Agree, most unwillingly that something is true. "That was a mistake on my part, I admit."

eg: I take a walk in the park'take' delexical verb I walk take a walk Just have a look at it sentence 'have' delexical verb. Don't make a habit of it make, Give it a push give, Do a favour do, delexical verbs English fluent (Spoken English improvement technical English

done the job.

Ç °æE Ø√îËûª îËߪ’-•úÕ ÖçúËC =

Å´¤-ûª’çC.

Q. I have got some doubts in English. Kindly clarify the same.

(Ç –

fail Å´¤††’-èπ◊çö«– Åߪ÷u-úøE ûÁLÆœ, Ç N≠æߪ’ç îÁ°æpúøç É≠ædç-™‰éπ îÁÊ°p Nüµ¿ç.) Q. ؈’ Ç °æE îËÆ œ ÖçúË-¢√-úÕE, Ç °æE Ø√ûÓ îËߪ’•úÕ ÖçúËC. ÅØË-¢√-öÀéÀ ÉçTx-≠ˇ™ ᙫ îÁ§ƒpL? A. ؈’ Ç °æE-îËÊÆ ÖçúË ¢√úÕE = I would have

Ñ

Æœ.°œ.-v¶˜Ø˛ úÕéπ{-†-K™ words °æéπ\† v.n., n.s., v.a ÅE Öçö«®· OöÀ Å®Ωnç àN’öÀ? Öü∆-£æ«-®Ω-ùèπ◊ Relax (v.n), relaxation (n.s), to

To put the car t befor e the horse

'Has he failed again?'

been :

2

2. She has been suffering since monday (present perfect continuous) 3. He had not seen her since yesterday (past perfect) A. Present Perfect Since

™ ´÷vûª¢Ë’ since ¢√ú≈L ÅE îÁ°æp-™‰ü¿’. ´*a-†-°æ¤púø’ present perfect ¢√ú≈L ÅE îÁ§ƒpç. Åçõ‰ Present Perfect Continuous ™ ¢√úø-èπÿ-úø-ü¿E é¬ü¿’ éπü∆? Present perfect continuous ™ èπÿú≈ ¢√úÌa. Past perfect two past actions Ö†o-°æ¤p-úø’-í¬F, Ææçü¿-®√s¥-Eo-•öÀd äéπ past action ´·çü¿J past action ÅE Ææ’p¥Jç-*-†-°æ¤p-úø’-í¬E ¢√úøû√ç

Q. Difference and use for advice and suggest. A. Advice = Telling a person that it will be good to do/ not to do something. Suggest = To offer an idea/ propose a plan for somebody to think and if they find it good, to put into action. Q. Difference and usage for excuse, pardon, apologise, forgive. A. Excuse - to forgive, pardon is more formal and concerns very serious things. Apologize= ask somebody to excuse - ask for forgiveness.

Q.

'AN’t-È®-éÀ\çC— (鬩’, îË®·) ņ-ú≈-EéÀ English ™ ÆæÈ®j† °æü¿ç ûÁ©’-°æçúÕ. A. benumbed = AN’t-È®-éπ\úøç. My legs are benumbed. Numbed ÅE èπÿú≈ Åçö«ç. A numbing pain = AN’t-È®-éÀ\çîË/ ¢Á·ü¿’l¶«-J-§Ú-ßË’çûª ¶«üµ¿. Q. Öü¿ßª ’ç †’ç* éπ© ’-Ææ ’-éÓ-™‰-ü¿E éÌçûª-´ ’çC ≤ƒßª’çvûªç Good Morning îÁ•’-û√®Ω’. ÉC éπÈ®-ÍédØ√? A. é¬ü¿’. ≤ƒßª’çvûªç Å®·ûË good evening ÅØË Åçö«ç. P. Srinivasarao, Pithapuram Q. Explain the kinds of conjunctions and their use. A. Coordinating conjunctions: But, yet, so, therefore, etc. Subordinating conjunctions: though, before, after, if, etc.,

N.V.Krishna Rao, Hyderabad. Q. Man booked for attacking Indians -

Ñ ¢√é¬uEéÀ Å®Ωnç àN’öÀ? A. ¶µ«®ΩB-ߪ·© O’ü¿ ü∆úÕ-îË-Æ œ-†ç-ü¿’èπ◊ ´uéÀh-O’ü¿ case †¢Á÷ü¿’. Q. Plaintiff, Defendant Ñ °æü∆©èπ◊ Å®Ωnç àN’öÀ? Plaintiff = °∂œ®√uü¿’ (court ™) îËÊÆ-¢√®Ω’. Defendant = °∂œ®√u-ü¿’èπ◊ í∫’È®j† ´uéÀh. A.Sridhar, Oripenta (Kadapa Dist)

A. Meal - singular, Meals- plural.

Q. To put the cart before the horse -

Q. What is the difference between kill and murder, funeral and cremation. A. Kill - put an end to the life of any creature Murder - ending the life of a human being. Funeral = the religious ceremony followed for burying or cremating a dead person. bury = laying a dead person underground/ in their grave

véÀûªç Ææç´-ûªq®Ωç ¢√∞¡Ÿx éπ©’-Ææ’-èπ◊†o ûª®√yûª, Åûªúø’ èπ◊ ¢Á∞Ïx-´·çü¿’ Ç¢Á’†’ äéπ-≤ƒÍ® éπ©’-Ææ’-èπ◊-Ø√oúø’.

Cremation = the ceremony of burning a dead body.

K. Sanjeeva, Kishanguda (R.R. Dist)

Ñ ¢√éπuç™ éπü∆, 3 èπ◊ ®√¢√L é¬F -ã -†-´-™x -Å-E -Öç-C éπÈ®Íéd-Ø√? A. Somebody á°æ¤púø÷ singular- he/ she éÀ •ü¿’©’ ¢√úøû√ç. Somebody have ÅE print ûª°æ¤p-°æúÕ Öçô’çC. Somebody has - correct.

Åçõ‰

Q. Difference and usage of meals and meal.

eg: Since their meeting last year, he had visited her just once before he left for the states = US

Q. Somebody have dual character in the world. somebody 3rd person rd person has have

expression - idiom. Phrase a group of words. eg: Inspite of his wealth, because of his pride, etc.

Q.

Ææ*-¢√-©-ߪ’ç™ †éπq™¸q È®éÃ\. È®éÃ\ îÁ°æpçúÕ.

spelling and

meaning

A. Recce- Short form of reconnaissance -

¨¡vûª’´¤©-/ -¢√-J ≤ƒn-´®√-© í∫’Jç* Ææ´÷-î√®Ωç ÊÆéπJç-îªúøç– N´÷Ø√©’, ´’†’-≠æfl© ü∆y®√. Ææ*-¢√-©-ߪ’ç™ È®éÀ\– Ææ*-¢√-©-ߪ’ç™ ©éπ~uçí¬ Â°ô’dèπ◊†o ´uèπ◊h-©†’/ v°æüË-¨»-©†’ í∫’Jç-* Ææ´÷-î√®Ωç ÊÆéπ-Jç-î√-®ΩE.

-D-E-E -ûÁ-©’í∫’-™ à´’çö«®Ω’? A. ûª©-éÀç-ü¿’©’ îËߪ’úøç (í∫’v®Ωç´·çü¿’ •çúÕ Â°ôdúøç) To start your meal with curds/ butter milk and not with curry or pappu is putting the cart before the horse =

¶µï†ç èπÿ®Ω/ °æ°æ¤pûÓ v§ƒ®ΩçGµç-îª-èπ◊çú≈ °®Ω’í∫’/ ´’>b-í∫ûÓ v§ƒ®ΩçGµçîªúøç. ´·çü¿’C ¢Á†é¬, ¢Á†-éπC ´·çü¿’ îËߪ’-úø¢Ë’. Q. To play to the gallery - -Åç-õ‰ -à-N’-öÀ? A. v°æ渚’ Çéπô’d-èπ◊-ØËç-ü¿’èπ◊ áèπ◊\´ ´’çCéÀ É≠æd¢Á’i† °æ†’©’ îËߪ’úøç/ N≠æ-ߪ÷©’ îÁ°æpúøç, ÅN ´’ç*´®·Ø√ é¬éπ-§Ú-®·Ø√. The CM and the opposition leaders are only playing to the galleries by announcing welfare measures - CM,

v°æA-°æ-é¬~ -©-¢√∞¡Ÿx ÆæçÍé~´’ °æü∑¿-鬩’ v°æéπ-öÀç-îªúøç, v°æ渚’ Çéπô’déÓ-´-úøç -éÓ-Ææ¢Ë’/ áèπ◊\´ ´’çCéÀ É≠æd¢Á’i† Nüµ¿çí¬ †úø’-éÓ-´-úø¢Ë’, ´’ç<, îÁúø÷ í¬LéÀ ´C™‰Æœ.

Spoken English -§ƒ-ûª -¢√u≤ƒ-©éÓÆæç -éÀxé˙ -îË-ߪ’ç-úÕ.. URL: http://www.eenadu.net/spoken/spoken.htm

-´’çí∫-∞¡-¢√®Ωç 18 -†-´ç-•®Ω’ 2008

Ñ-Ø√-úø’ £j«-ü¿®√-¶«-ü˛

A. Sudhakar, Nizamabad Q.

éÀçC Adverbsèπ◊ ûÁ©’-í∫’™ Å®Ωnç ûÁ©’-°æ¤ûª÷ Öü∆-£æ«-®Ω-ù-L-´yçúÕ.

Often, never, always, sometimes, generally, usually, just, almost, nearly, quite, hardly, scarcely, ever, scarcely ever, hardly ever, nearly always, seldom, rarely, occasionally, frequently, already. A. Often =

ûª®Ω-í¬. He often visits me = Åûªúø’ ûª®Ωîª÷ Ø√ ü¿í∫_-J-éÌ-Ææ’hç-ö«úø’.
Never = á°æ¤púø÷ ™‰ü¿’/ é¬ü¿’/ á†o-öÀéà é¬ü¿’. He never comes here = Åûª-E-éπ\-úÕéÀ ÅÆæ©’ ®√úø’/ á°æp-öÀ-éÃ-®√úø’. Duryodhana never liked the Pandavas =

ü¿’®Óu-üµ¿-†’-úÕéÀ §ƒçúø-´¤-©çõ‰ ÅÆæ©’ Tôdü¿’/ á°æ¤púø÷ Tõ‰d-C-é¬ü¿’.
Always (X never) = á°æ¤púø÷/ ÅEo-¢Ë-∞¡™« He is always in Vijayawada. He never goes out =

The bus stops here sometimes and sometimes doesn't = bus

éÌEo-≤ƒ®Ω’x ûª’çC, éÌEo-≤ƒ®Ω’x Çí∫ü¿’. =

usually

ü∆ü∆°æ¤ á°æ¤púø÷ = They are ¢√∞¡Ÿx ü∆ü∆°æ¤ á°æ¤púø÷

éπLÊÆ Öçö«®Ω’.
Ocassionally = occasionally =

Å°æ¤p-úø-°æ¤púø÷. We meet ¢Ë’ç Å°æ¤p-úø-°æ¤púø÷ éπ©’-Ææ’èπ◊çö«ç (á°æ¤púø÷ é¬ü¿’)


Frequently = often
Already = I've already seen the movie twice =

'mundans' dull, very ordinary)
endogamous =

ÅC é¬ü¿’,

´’† °æJ-Ææ-®√™x ≤ƒnEèπ◊-©ØË Â°∞«xúË °æü¿l¥A. -O’®Ω’ ®√Æœ-†-ô’x 'endogamons'

É°æpöÀÍé / Å°æpöÀÍé

ØËE-°æpöÀÍé


ontology

I went to station at 10. The train had already train left =


miniature =

ÊÆd≠æ-Ø˛èπ◊ 10 í∫ç-ô-©èπ◊ ¢Á∞«x†’. Å°æp-öÀÍé ¢ÁRx-§Ú-®·çC.

Q.

ûÁ©’-í∫’™ éÀçC °æü∆-©èπ◊, N´-®Ω-ù©’ É´y-í∫-©®Ω’.

Phrases

´’† @N-û√Eo ÖE-éÀE îªJaçîË ûªûªyÆæ÷éπ~ t-¢Á’i†/ äéπ °ü¿l ´Ææ’h´¤ *†o


strand = 1)

èπ◊

Q. Please explain the following:
Birds of feather will fluck together.

¨»ÆæYç. †´‚Ø√.

G.Shankar,Keshavapatnam, (Karimnagar).

G. Durga Prasad, Tiruvuru.

é¬ü¿’.

Ç ÆœE-´÷†’ È®çúø’≤ƒ®Ω’x îª÷¨»†’.

§Úí∫’ (û√úø’-™E) 2) †C, Ææ®ΩÆæ’q, Ææ´·vü¿ç äúø’f 3) áô÷-¢Á-∞¡x-™‰E ÆœnA™ EÆæq-£æ…-ߪ’çí¬ á´J†-®·Ø√ ´C-™‰-ߪ’úøç. The children were stranded in the forest.

äÍé -®Ωéπç È®éπ\© °æèπ~◊©’ äÍé-îÓô îË®Ωû√®· = äÍé í∫’ùç, ¢ÁjêJ éπ©-¢√∞¡Ÿx äéπ-öÀí¬ Öçö«®Ω’.
Don't rob peter to pay paul.

äéπJ ü¿í∫_®Ω úø•’s í∫’ç> ÉçéÌ-éπJéÀ´yúøç, àüÓ ü∆†ç îËÆœ-†ô’x ÅE°œç-îËç-ü¿’èπ◊.
Every bird must hatch its own eggs.

á´J °æ-†’©’ ¢√∞Ïx îª÷Ææ’-éÓ-¢√L. Éûª®Ω’© O’ü¿ Çüµ∆®Ω-°æ-úø-èπ◊çú≈. (Hatch = °æèπ~◊©’ í∫’úø’x §Òü¿-í∫úøç)

I har dly like him

Åûª-ØÁ-°æ¤púø÷ Nï-ߪ’¢√-úø-™ ØË Öçö«úø’. Nï-ߪ’-¢√úø ü∆öÀ á°æ¤púø÷ ¢Á∞¡xúø’.
Sometimes = éÌEo-≤ƒ®Ω’x/ Å°æ¤p-úø-°æ¤púø’.


Generally

Nearly always = nearly always together =

2

Ééπ\úø Çí∫’-

=

≤ƒüµ∆-®Ω-ùçí¬/

´÷´‚-©’í¬. Generally/ usually he comes here in the evenings =

≤ƒüµ∆-®Ω-ùçí¬/ ´÷´‚-©’í¬ Åûª-E-éπ\-úÕéÀ ≤ƒßª’ç-vûªç-°æ‹ô ´≤ƒhúø’.
just = 1) É°æ¤púË. He has just left = Åûª-úÕ-°æ¤púË ¢ÁRx-§Ú-ߪ÷úø’. 2) ´÷vûª¢Ë’ (áèπ◊\-´-é¬ü¿’ ÅØË Å®ΩnçûÓ) – It's just Rs. 100/- = It's only Rs. 100/- = ÅC ´çü¿ ®Ω÷§ƒ-ߪ’©’ ´÷vûª¢Ë’. He left just five minutes ago = Åûªúø’ É°æ¤púË âü¿’ EN’-≥ƒ© véÀûª¢Ë’ ¢Á∞«xúø’. Just because you like apples don't say that they are the best of the fruits = apples

Fèπ◊ †*a-†çûª ´÷vû√-† ¢√öÀE °æçúøx™ íÌ°æpN ņ™‰´¤. 3) Just = exactly = éπ*a-ûªçí¬ 'Are you happy because you are elected? (†’´¤y áEoéπ®·†çü¿’´©x ÆæçûÓ-≠æ-°æ-úø’-ûª’-Ø√o¢√?) 'Just so' (éπ*a-ûªçí¬ Åçõ‰) 4) àüÓ Å™«. Sachin isn't just a batsman like any other batsman = Ææ*Ø˛ àüÓ Éûª®Ω batsman ™«çöÀ ¢√úø’ é¬ü¿’. (v°æûËu-éπûª ÖçC ÅûªE™)
Almost = ü∆ü∆°æ¤. It is almost 2 years since we met each other = ÅûªúÕE ؈’ éπLÆœ ü∆ü∆°æ¤ È®çúË-∞¡x-®·çC. He spent almost Rs. 10 Lakh on the house = Almost = nearly

Ç ÉçöÀ éÓÆæç ü∆ü∆°æ¤ ®Ω÷. °æ-C ©éπ~©’ ê®Ω’a°-ö«dúø’.
Quite = ¶«í¬ØË It's quite a big building = ÅC °ü¿l éπôd-úø¢Ë’ (é¬ü¿-†™‰ç) She is quite beautiful = Ç¢Á ’ Åçü¿-í∫ûËh (ÆæçüË£æ«ç ™‰ü¿’) I am quite happy with what I have = Ø√èπ◊†o ü∆çûÓ Øˆ’ ÆæçûÓ-≠æç-í¬ØË ÖØ√o.
Hardly = scarcely = hardly ever = scarcely ever = seldom I hardly like him = I scarcely like him.

ü∆ü∆°æ¤ ™‰ü¿’/ ™‰†õ‰x = Åûªúøçõ‰ Ø√éÀ≠dçæ ™‰ü¿’ =

He hardly/ scarcely ever comes here =

ÅûªúÕéπ\úÕéÀ ü∆ü∆°æ¤ ®√úø’/ á°æ¤p-úÁjØ√ ´≤ƒhúø’ – ®√†õ‰x.
Rarely = Å®Ω’-ü¿’í¬ They rarely meet each other = ¢√Rx-ü¿l®Ω÷ äéπ-JØÌ-éπ®Ω’ Å®Ω’-ü¿’í¬ éπ©’-Ææ’-èπ◊ç-ö«®Ω’.

Straightforward, verbalism, pluralism, in the light of, flipside, holistic, social fabric, an optimal pathway, parameters, teleological, mundans, endogamons, ontology, miniature, strand, jurisprudence, entrenchment, slackened, cognisance, heralds, axiology, emulation, appraisal, mala adjust.

jurisprudence = îªôd, Ø√uߪ’ ¨»Ææ Yç. -Ççí∫x-¶µ«-≠æ-ù 522 1) í∫öÀdí¬ §ƒûª’-èπ◊-§Ú-´úøç. 2) Çûªt-®Ω-éπ~-ù-éÓÆæç ÂÆjE-èπ◊©’ ûª´¤yèπ◊ØË í∫’çô©’. entrenchment = Ææúø-Lç-îªúøç, v°æߪ’-û√o™«xçöÀ ¢√öÀE. slackened = Å´-í¬-£æ«† îËÆæ’éÓ-´úøç, í∫’Jhç-îªúøç. heralds = ï®Ω-í∫-¶ßË’ Ææç°∂æ ’-ô-†-©èπ◊ M.SURESAN A. Straight forward = ´’†-Ææ ’™ ÆæçÍéûªç. Ö†oC Ö†o-ô’xí¬ éπ°æôç ™‰èπ◊çú≈ axiology = ØÁjAéπ N©’-´© Æœü∆l¥çûªç/ Ç©ç-é¬-Jéπ îÁ°æpúøç/ ´·èπ◊\-Ææ÷-öÀí¬ §Ú´úøç. ØÁjAéπ N©’-´© E®√l¥-®Ωù.
verbalism = ´÷ô-èπ◊- ´÷ô – ´’éÃ\-éÀ- ´’-éÃ\í¬ emulation = íÌ°æp-¢√-JE ņ’-Ææ-Jç*, ¢√∞¡xèπ◊ Ææ´÷– ņ’-¢√-ü¿ç-í¬F, äéπ®Ω’ ņo-´÷-ô-©-†’-í¬F, †çí¬, ¢√∞¡x-éπçõ‰ íÌ°æpí¬ áCÍí v°æߪ’ûªoç. àN-üµ¿-¢Á’i† ´÷®Ω’p-©’- ™‰-èπ◊çú≈ Éûª-®Ω’-©ûÓ Appraisal = N©’´ éπôdúøç îÁ°æpúøç/ ®√ߪ’úøç. Maladjustment = Unsuitability = èπ◊ü¿-®ΩE §Òûª’h
pluralism = Ææ´÷-ïç™ ¶µ«≥ƒ, ≤ƒçÆæ \ %-Aéπ, ´’ûª, ®√ï-éÃߪ’ ¢ÁjNüµ¿uç. V. Narasimha Rao, Ongole.
in the light of = ü¿%≥ƒd u – In the light of Q. Please change these sentences into the concessions announced = v°æéπ-öÀç-*† Indirect Speech. Ææúø-Lç-°æ¤© ü¿%≥ƒd u.
He said "I was a doctor."
flip side = àü¿-®·Ø√ Ç™-îª-†™, °æü∑¿-éπç™, He said that he had been a doctor. ¢√ü¿ç™ ´’†èπ◊ ņ’-èπÿ-©ç-é¬E Å稡ç/
He said to me "They were in hyderabad. îÁúø’ °∂æL-û√©’. The flip side of the SEZs is that a number of farmers are rendered homeless =

v°æûËuéπ ÇJnéπ ´’çúø∞¡x N≠æ-ߪ’ç™ ÅÆæ©’ ïJ-ÍíC, ´’†èπ◊ ņ’-èπÿ-©ç-é¬E Åç¨¡ç – È®jûª’©’ E®√y-Æœ-ûª’-©-´úøç. The flip side of the medicine is that it weakens the patients =

Ç ´’çü¿’ îÁúø’ °∂æL-û√©’ àN’-ôçõ‰, ®Óí∫’©’ •©-£‘«-†’-©-´úøç.
holistic = äéπ N≠æ-ߪ÷Eo Å®Ωnç-îË-Ææ’-èπ◊ØË v°æߪ’ûªoç™ Ç N≠æߪ’ç ¢Á·ûªhç °æJ-Q-Lç-îªúøç, Ç N≠æߪ’ç NNüµ¿ Å稻™x äéÌ\-éπ\-öÀí¬ é¬èπ◊çú≈: We should find a holistic solution to the problem of child labour =

¶«© é¬Jt-èπ◊© Ææ´’Ææu °æJ-≥ƒ\-®√-EéÀ ü∆E-™E NNüµ¿ Å稻-©-Eoç-öÀF ¢Á·ûªhçí¬ °æJ-í∫-ù-†-™éÀ BÆæ’éÓ¢√L.
social fabric = ≤ƒ´÷->éπ ´u´Ææn an optimal pathway = Åûª’u-ûªh-´’-¢Á’i† ´÷®Ω_ç/ Åûªuçûª Ææ’í∫´’ ´÷®Ω_ç
parameters = °æJ-N’-ûª’©’/ Å´-üµ¿’©’ (limits)
teleological =

Ææç°∂æ’-ô-†©’, °∂æ’ô-†©’ üËØÓo ≤ƒCµç-îËç-ü¿’Íé ï®Ω’-í∫’-û√®·, Åçü¿’-´-©x (´’†ç ≤ƒCµçîË N≠æߪ’ç 鬮Ω-ùç-í¬ØË ÅN ï®Ω’-í∫’-û√-ߪ’ØË û√Ayéπ Æœü∆l¥çûªç –philosophical theory)
mundane (´’çúÁ-ß˝’Ø˛) = ÅØ√-Ææ-éÀh-éπ-®Ω-¢Á’i†,

He told me that they had been in Hyderabad. Q. Pease tell me what are the meanings of the sentences in Telugu.
Oh, I call it double - faced.

ÅC ®Ωçí∫’©’ ´÷Í®a ûªûªyç.
Neither of you cared to put up with me.

O’ Éü¿l-J™ á´®Ω÷ Ø√ûÓ ã®Ω’pûÓ Öçúø-ö«-EéÀ v°æߪ’-Aoç-îª-™‰ü¿’.
He was seventy two a fortnight last sunday.

éÀç-ü¿-öÀ ÇC-¢√-®√-EéÀ Çߪ’-†èπ◊ 72 à∞¡}éÓ °æéπ~ç (15 ®ÓV©’) ûªèπ◊\´/ éÀ-ç-ü¿-öÀ ÇC-¢√-®√-EéÀ Çߪ’†èπ◊ °æéπ~ç ûªèπ◊\´ 72 à∞¡Ÿx. Shankar, Adilabad. Q. Many a night as he lay in the dark, tired and hungry, he would unleash his imagination.

Ééπ\úø many a night Ö°æß - ÷Á í∫ç, Å®Ωçn , ¢√úø’éπ û- ©-Á ’°æçú- .Õ A. Many a night = Many nights - Ñ È®çúø÷ äéπõ.‰ Å®·ûË Many a night, poetic Åçõ‰ é¬Ææh éπNûªyç. Many a night ûª®√yûª ´îËa verb á°æ¤ú÷ ø singular. Many a man is ruined because of his greed =

î√™«-´’çC ´’†’-≠flæ ©’ ü¿’®√¨¡ ´©x Ø√¨¡†- ´- ’-ß÷ª u®Ω’. îª÷¨»-®’Ω é- πü∆, Many a man is, man ûª®√yûª verb, is singular.


Virtue is its own reward.

Ææ’í∫’-ù«-EéÀ •£æ›-´’A Ææ’í∫’-ù¢Ë’ – àüÓ ÇPç* ´’ç*í¬ Öçúøôç é¬ü¿’ é¬-¢√-LqçC, ´’ç* éÓÆæ¢Ë’ ´’ç*í¬ Öçú≈L.


Falsehood is idious. Falsehood is hideous (idious hideous =

é¬ü¿’ – ¶µºßª’ç-éπ-®Ω-¢Á’i†) = Å•ü¿l¥ç ¶µºßª’ç-éπ-®Ω-

¢Á’içC.
A cracking door awakened the dog.

ûª©’°æ¤ éπü¿-Léπ ´©x Å®·-†- îª-°æ¤púø’ èπ◊éπ\†’ ¢Ë’™Ô\-L-°œçC.
A burent child dreads the fire.

鬩’a-èπ◊†o Gúøf E°æpçõ‰ ¶µºßª’-°æ-úø’-ûª’çC = 鬙‰çûª ´®Ωèπ◊ Gúøfèπ◊ E°æ¤p N≠æߪ’ç ûÁL-ߪ’ü¿’.
His tattle coat needs mending. His tattered (tattle coat needs mending = coat

é¬ü¿’) Çߪ’† *®Ω’-í∫’© èπ◊ èπ◊ô’x Å´Ææ®Ωç.


All are not saints to go to the church. All are not saints that go to the church =

í∫’∞¡xèπ◊ ¢Á∞Ïx-¢√∞¡xçü¿®Ω÷ °æN-vûª’©’ 鬮Ω’. Saints = °æN-vûª’©’/ ®Ω’≠æfl©’. All are not saints to go to the church

é¬ü¿-†’-èπ◊çö«.
He had his jest and they had his estate.

Çߪ’† ’-ûª\-J-Ææ÷hØË ÖØ√oúø’, Çߪ’† ÇÆœhE ¢√∞¡Ÿx é¬ñ‰-¨»®Ω’.
Sinologist èπ◊ Å®Ωnç îÁ°æpçúÕ. DEéÀ ûÌN’tüÓ ûª®Ω-í∫A ÉçTx-≠ˇ™ Marks gainer matching™ A person interested in ChinaÅE ÖçC. ÉC éπÈ®-ÍédØ√? Sino = îÁjØ√èπ◊ Ææç•ç-Cµç-*†/ Indo Åçõ‰ Indiaèπ◊ Ææç•ç-Cµ. Glogy = Åüµ¿u-ߪ’†ç/ Nñ«c†ç. Sinology = îÁjØ√†’ í∫ ’Jç* Åüµ¿u-ߪ ’†ç/ îÁjØ√†’ í∫’Jç* -N-≠æ-ߪ÷-©’ -ûÁ-©’Ææ’éÓ-´-úøç. Sinologist = îÁjØ√†’ í∫’Jç* °æ-J-¨ -Cµç-îË-¢√--∞¡Ÿx.
Future Tense ™ à ¢√éπuç É*aØ√ ü∆E Passive Voice (P.V.) ™ be form - will be ´Ææ’hçü∆? eg. A.V.: Ravi will marry sita. P.V.: Sita will be married by Ravi. Ravi (he) will marry Sita (she).

Ééπ\úø he and she äÍé group 鬕-öÀd will, shall ´÷®Ω’p-©’ç-úø´¤. Sita (she) will be married to (by ®√C-éπ\úø) Ravi.
A.V: I shall buy a car. P.V.: A car will be bought by me. A.V:

I shall subject

Ééπ\úø

´≤ÚhçC. PV™, A car (it) Å´¤-ûª’çC. 鬕öÀd will ¢√úøû√ç.

PV: A car will be bought by me.

Spoken English -§ƒ-ûª -¢√u≤ƒ-©éÓÆæç -éÀxé˙ -îË-ߪ’ç-úÕ.. URL: http://www.eenadu.net/spoken/spoken.htm

í∫’®Ω’-¢√®Ωç 20 -†-´ç•®Ω’ 2008

Ñ-Ø√-úø’ £j«-ü¿®√-¶«-ü˛

G. Shankar, Shankarapatnam. Q. My promise will come into effect from today itself. What is the reflexive pronouns indicate here. Even as mention the area of using of the reflex pronouns and when do we use this pronouns. What is the difference between EMPHATIC Pronouns and REFLEXIVe Pronouns. How do we get an idea of whether it is Emphatic or Reflexive. A. Today itself itself, reflexive pronoun emphatic pronoun.

™,




ÉC




The president himself came down the stage to congratulate him= President stage




-Å-´¤-†çõ‰ é¬ü¿-E™‰, é¬ü¿çõ‰ -Å-´¤-†-E™‰, Çúø-¢√J ´÷ô-©èπ◊ Å®√n™‰ ¢Ë®Ω’™‰. If they yes, they mean no, if they say no, they mean yes, women never mean what they say.


Hammer in hammer throw


Åçõ‰ àN’öÀ? íÌ©’-Ææ’èπ◊ éπöÀd† •®Ω’-¢Áj† Ɇ’°æ í∫’çúø’. é¬v¢Ë’ú˛ ÅE °œL-°œç--éÓ-¢√-©E Ø√èπ◊ °ü¿l éÓJéπ My cherished wish is to be called a comrade

noun. You are deceiving yourself = reflexive (yourself)

E†’o †’¢Ëy

¢Á÷Ææç îËÆæ’-èπ◊ç-ô’-Ø√o´¤ – ÉC

M. Satyanarayana,

Ego, egocentric, egoism, egoist, egotist, altruist, introvert, extrovert, ambivert, ego maniac, ascetic. A. Ego =

Å£æ«ç, egocentric = ≤ƒy®Ωn *çûª†ç, egoism= Å£æ«ç-¶µ«´ç– ØËØË-íÌ°æp/ ØËØË ´·êuç ÅØË ¶µ«´ç Öçúøôç, egoist = Å£æ«ç-¶µ«N, egotist = á°æ¤púø’ ûª††’ í∫’JçîË ´÷ö«x-úË-¢√úø’, altruist = û√uí∫, ü∆†-•’Cl¥ éπ©-¢√úø’, introvert = Åçûª-®Ω’tê’úø’– ´·¶µ«-´çí¬ ûª´’ Ç™©†’ •ßª’-öÀéÀ îÁ°æ¤p-éÓ-E-¢√®Ω’, extrovert (X introvert) = •£œ«-®Ω’t-ê’©’– Åçü¿-JûÓ ´÷ö«xúø’ûª÷ éπ©’-°æ¤-íÓ-©’í¬ ÖçúË-¢√∞¡Ÿx-, ambivert = °j È®çúø’ ®Ωé¬-©’-í¬†÷ ÖçúË-¢√∞¡Ÿx, egomaniac = á°æ¤púø’ ûª††’ í∫’Jç*, ûª† v§ƒ-´· ë«uEo í∫’Jç* íÌ°æpí¬ ´’K áèπ◊\-´í¬ ņ’-éÌE, Éûª®Ω’-©èπ◊ é¬Ææh v°æ´÷-ü¿-éπ-®Ωçí¬ ÖçúË-¢√∞¡Ÿx– ÉC é¬Ææh Néπ%ûª ´’†-Ææhûªyç, ascetic = éπFÆæ Å´-Ææ-®√-©ûÓ ÅA E®√-úøç-•-®Ωçí¬ Çü¿-®√z-©ûÓ •A-Íé-¢√∞¡Ÿx/ N®√-í∫’©’/ ®Ω’≠æfl©’. Gandhi was an ascetic.

Dr. Sri., Tirupati.

'Åûªúø’ v°æ¢√-£æ…-EéÀ ´uA-Í®éπ C¨¡™ ¢Á∞¡x-ú≈-EéÀÀ °æõ‰dé¬©ç – v°æ¢√-£æ«-C-¨¡™ ¢Á∞¡x-ú≈-EéÀ °æõ‰d 鬙«-EéÀ È®öÀdç°æ¤.— -Ñ ¢√é¬uEo ÉçTx-≠ˇ-™éÀ ᙫ ´÷®√a™ îÁ°æp-í∫-©®Ω’.

A. The time the swimmer takes to swim against the current stream is twice the time he takes to swim along/ down the stream/ current.

-Ççí∫x-¶µ«-≠æ-ù 523

Q. Power, current, light

Ñ °æü∆©†’ á°æ¤púø’, áéπ\úø, ᙫ ¢√ú≈L? A. Power = ¨¡éÀh Nü¿’u-îªa ¥éÀh current - v°æ´-£œ«çîË Nü¿’u-îªa ¥éÀh, ´’†ç Eûªuç ¢√úËC x static electricity = tery

E¨¡a-©çí¬ Ö†o Nü¿’uû˝ ™x ÖçúËC.

Åûª-úÕE í∫’Jç*

ÅûªúË ´÷ö«x-úø’-èπ◊ç-ö«úø’ Q. éÀçC °æü∆-©†’ ûÁ©’-í∫’™ N´-Jç-îªí∫-©®Ω’.


once in a while

Hyderabad

He always talks about himself - himself reflextive.

K.S.R., Martur (Prakasam)





last but not least

Ç ´®Ω’-Ææ™ *´-®Ω-é¬F, íÌ°æp-ûª†ç, v§ƒ´·êuç™ í¬èπ◊çú≈ – Last but not least, I last but not least, I thank sri somaraju- *´-Jí¬ Å®·-†-°æpöÀéÃ, v§ƒ´·-êuç™ àç ûªèπ◊\-´-é¬E ≤Ú´’-®√V í¬JéÀ -Ø√ ´çü¿†ç.
He made known his desires.

ûª† éÓJ-éπ-™‰¢Ó ûÁL-ߪ’-ñ‰-¨»úø’– àüÓ îËߪ’úøç/ îÁ°æp-úøç ´©x – By critisising the PM, he made known his desires- he wants to be the next PM =

Q.

´’† ü˨¡ç™ ÅEo ´®√_-©èπ◊ îÁçC-†-¢√-JéÀ Sri/ Mr. ÅE Ææç-¶-Cµç-îª-´î√a? £œ«çü¿’-´¤©’ é¬E-¢√-JE Sri/ Srimathi Manmohan singh

ÅE

éÀçC ¢√é¬u-©†’ ÉçTx-≠ˇ™ ᙫ îÁ§ƒp™ ûÁ©’-°æí∫-©®Ω’. -´÷ Ü∞x •ñ«-®Ω’-éÌéπ Múø®˝ ÖØ√oúø’. á´y--Jéà Åéπ~®Ωç ´·éπ\ ®√ü¿’.

Ææç-¶--Cµç-îª-´î√a?

Sri

ņ-úøç™ ûªÊ°pç-™‰ü¿’ éπü∆? A. Ææç¶-Cµç-îª-´îª’a. Å®·ûË é¬Ææh £æ«Ùü∆™ Ö†o-¢√-JE, ´’†-éπçõ‰ °ü¿l-¢√-JE Mr ņúøç é¬Ææh ´’®√uü¿ ûªèπ◊\´í¬ ¶µ«N-≤ƒh®Ω’. Åçü¿’´©x í¬®Ω’ îË®Ωaúøç ´’ç*C. X/ X´’A E®Ω-¶µºuç-ûª-®Ωçí¬ á´-J-ÈéjØ√ ¢√úø-´îª’a. é¬F ÅN-¢√-£œ«ûª Æ‘YE X´’A ņ™‰ç éπü∆? N¢√£œ«û√, é¬ü∆ ÅE ûÁL-ߪ’úøç Åçûª Ææ’©¶µºç é¬ü¿’-éπü∆? Å™«ç-ô-°æ¤púø’ í¬®Ω’ îËJÊÆh É•sçC Öçúøü¿’. Q. ®Óí∫ E®Ó-üµ¿éπ ¨¡éÀhE ÉçTx-≠ˇ™  à´’ç-ö«®Ω’? ¢Ájü¿u-¨»ÆæY °æJ-¶µ«-≠æ™ à´’ç-ö«®Ω’? A. Immunity.

We have too many of them - a leader for a street, none of them, educated.

؈’ ¢Á∞«x-™‰¢Á÷.

´·çü¿’- îÁ-°œpç-ü∆EéÀ ´uA-Í®-éπçí¬/N®Ω’-ü¿l¥çí¬. 'Have you finished?' (†’´¤y °æE °æ‹Jh î˨»¢√?)




؈’ ¢ÁRx Öçú≈-Lqç-üË¢Á÷.




؈’ ¢Á∞«xLq ´Ææ’hç-üË¢Á÷.

'No. On the contrary, I haven't begun yet.'




ÅEo-≤ƒ®Ω’x




ÉEo-≤ƒ®Ω’x -

(™‰ü¿’. ÅÆæ©’ (Åçü¿’èπ◊ N®Ω’-ü¿l¥çí¬) ØËEçé¬ v§ƒ®Ωç-Gµç-îª-ØË-™‰ü¿’)
as & when

As and when you pay the money you will get the papers-

Å¢√y-LqçC á°æ¤púø®·ûË Å°æ¤púø’ –

†’¢Áy-°æ¤púø’ úø•’s©’ îÁLxÊÆh Å°æ¤púË Fèπ◊ °ævû√©’ ´≤ƒh®·. Å®·ûË as é¬F when é¬F ¢√úÕûË î√©’. As and when éπL°œ ¢√úøôç ÆæÈ®j† ¢√úøéπç é¬ü¿’.
all this while

éÓúÕ ´÷ç≤ƒEo *ÈéØ˛, ¢Ë’éπ ´÷ç≤ƒEo ´’ôØ˛, °æçC ´÷ç≤ƒEo §Ú®˝\ ņo-ô’dí¬ ØÁ´’-L, °œôd, èπ◊çüË©’, îË°æ, á©’éπ, *©’éπ, §ƒ´·, >çéπ, ´’E≠œ ûªC-ûª®Ω @´¤© ´÷ç≤ƒ-©†’ ÉçTx-≠ˇ™ à´’ç-ö«®Ω’? A. v°æûËuéπ¢Á’i† ´÷ô-©’-™‰´¤. Flesh Åçõ‰ à ´÷çÆæ¢Á’iØ√, ´·êuçí¬ ´’E≠œ ´÷çÆæç. Q. ÅvG-¢Ë-≠æ-†xèπ◊ Ææç•ç-Cµç* éÌEo ´’ç* °æ¤Ææh鬩’, -Å-N üÌJÍé *®Ω’-Ø√-´÷©’ ûÁL-ߪ’-ñ‰-ߪ’çúÕ. A. à General knowledge book Å®·Ø√ O’èπ◊ Ö°æ-ßÁ÷-í∫-°æ-úø’-ûª’çC. Q. He had better go negative form

èπ◊ question ûÁ©’-°æ-í∫-©®Ω’.

May be I will go/ Perhaps I will go/ I may go. Perhaps/ May be I have to go. I should have gone, perhaps. Perhaps I will have to go. As often as that. This often/ so often.


ÅçûªÊÆ°æ¤




Éç-ûªÊÆ°æ¤

So long/ that long. So far.


ÅC ïJ-T-†ç-ûª-ÊÆ°æ‹.She was doing everything to cook for them, while all this while they were watching the TV= TV

¢√∞¡xèπ◊ ´çúÕ-°-ôd-ú≈-E鬢Á’ v¨¡N’Ææ÷h Öçõ‰ Åçûª-ÊÆ°æ‹ ¢√∞¡Ÿx îª÷Ææ÷h èπÿ®Ω’a-Ø√o®Ω’.


his days are numbered When the cancer set in, he knew his days were numbered = Cancer

î√´¤ ÆæO’-°œç-îªúøç.

®√í¬ØË ûª† ´’®Ωùç ÆæO’-°œç-*ç-ü¿E ûÁ©’-Ææ’-èπ◊-Ø√oúø’.
at large 1) The disease which affected only two in the beginning, spread to the whole village at large -

¢Á·ûªhçí¬ –

Q.

äéπ-J-ü¿l-JéÀ ≤ÚéÀ† ¢√uCµ Ç ûª®√yûª Ç ¢Á·ûªhç ví¬´÷-EéÀ ¢√u°œç*çC. 2) At large = °æ®√-K™ Ö†o– The prisoner is at large- Ç ë„jD °æ®√-K™ ÖØ√oúø’.


from hand to mouth He leads a hand to mouth existence =

î√M-î√-©E @Nûªç– î√M-î√-©E úø•’sûÓ @Nûªç í∫úø’-°æ¤-ûª’Ø√oúø’.

Q.

and

éÀçC-¢√-öÀéÀ Å®√n©’ Öü∆-£æ«-®Ω-ù-©ûÓ N´-Jç-îª-í∫-©®Ω’. Oô-Eoç-öÀE Spoken English ™ ¢√úÌî√a? ™‰ü∆? written English ™ èπÿú≈ ¢√úËN ÖØ√oߪ÷?Öçõ‰ ÅN àN’öÀ?

àéπG-TE/ N®√´’ç ™‰èπ◊çú≈ – He taught us for ´‚úø’ í∫çô-©-§ƒô’ à N®√´’ç ™‰èπ◊çú≈ ´÷èπ◊ Çߪ’† §ƒ®∏Ωç îÁ§ƒpúø’. The Company grew in leaps and bounds = Company

N°æ-K-ûª-¢Á’i† ¢Ëí∫çûÓ.

Ç î√™«/ N°æK-ûª-¢Á’i† ¢Ëí∫çûÓ ÅGµ-´%Cl¥ ≤ƒCµç-*çC.

I must go. I will (definitely) go. I had to go. I have to go. I will have to go.

A. I come/ will be coming. I will be coming once a week, etc. I will be coming till.... I will be coming correct. Q.

Ñ ´‚úø’ Ææçü¿-®√s¥-™x†÷

éÀçC-¢√öÀéÀ Ê°®Ì\†o Å®√n©’ ÆæÈ®j†-¢ËØ√?é¬éπ-§ÚûË ûÁL-ߪ’-ñ‰-ߪ’-í∫-©®Ω’.

Unless sachin plays, India will not win.

3 hours at a stretch
laps & bounds

؈’ ¢ÁRx B®√L Åçõ‰ I must go. ؈’ ¢ÁRx B®Ω’û√†’ ÅØ√-©çõ‰ ÉçTx-≠ˇ™ ᙫ îÁ§ƒpL?

؈’ ¢Á∞«xLq ´*açC – ؈’ ¢Á∞«xLq ÖçC – ؈’ ¢Á∞«xLq Öçô’çC– -É-N éπÈ®Íé d-Ø√? ؈’ ¢Á∞«xLq ´≤ÚhçC – Ñ ¢√é¬uEo ᙫ îÁ§ƒpL? A. éπÈ®Íéd. ؈’ ¢Á∞«xLq ´≤ÚhçC. I have to go. Q. ؈’ ´Ææ’hç-ö«†’ (regular í¬ Å°æ¤p-úø-°æ¤púø’) ؈’ ´Ææ÷hç-ö«†’ (future ™ regular í¬ Å°æ¤p-úø°æ¤púø’). ؈’ ´Ææ’hç-ö«†’ (future ™ äéπ õ„j¢˛’ ´®Ωèπ◊ ´÷vûª¢Ë’). °j ´‚úø’ Ææçü¿-®√s¥™x èπÿú≈ I will be coming ÅØË Åçô’ç-ö«®Ω’. ÅC éπÈ®-ÍédØ√? é¬éπ-§ÚûË ¢Á·ü¿öÀ, È®çúÓ Ææçü¿-®√s¥™ ᙫ îÁ§ƒpL?


At a stretch form

A. He had better not go. Q.




M.SURESAN

A. Saiprasad, Kusthapur.

I might have gone.

؈’ ¢Á-∞¡-û√-ØË¢Á÷.


on the contrary On the Contrary -

ÅÆæ-©’ -Å®Ωnç v°æ¢√£æ«ç. light = ¢Á©’í∫’/ D°æç Q. Power, Energy, strong Ñ °æü∆-©†’ N´-Jç-îª-í∫©®Ω’. A. power = energy = ¨¡éÀh strong = •©-¢Á’i†.

v°æüµ∆-†-´’çvAE N´’-Jzç-îªúøç ü∆y®√ ûª† éÓJ-éπ†’ •ßª’-ô-°-ö«dúø’ – ûª†’ v°æüµ∆E 鬢√-©E. Q. éÀçC ¢√é¬u-©†’ ÉçTx-≠ˇ™  ûÁ©’-°æ-í∫-©®Ω’.
؈’ ¢ÁRx ÖçúË-¢√-úÕ-ØË¢Á÷.




bat-

current -

á°æ¤púÓ äéπ-°æ¤púø’/ Å°æ¤p-úø-°æ¤púø’ – A peg or two once a while is OK pegs

á°æ¤púÓ äéπ-°æ¤púø’/ Å°æ¤p-úø´’ü¿uç BÆæ’-éÓ°æ¤púø’, äéπö È®çúÓ ´úøç, °∂æ®Ω-¢√-™‰ü¿’.

P. Srinivasa Rao, Hyderabad. Q.

N°∂æ-©-´’-´-úøç-´©x – äéπ ´uéÀh îËߪ÷-Lq† °æE îËߪ’-éπ-§Ú-´úøç ´©x, ÉçéÓ ´uéÀhéÀ Ç Å´é¬¨¡ç ®√´úøç/ äéπ ´uéÀh court ™ Ææçñ«®·≠‘ îÁ°æp-éπ-§Ú-´úøç ´©x Å´-ûªL §ƒKdéÀ ņ’-èπÿ-©çí¬ B®Ω’p É´yúøç. He is a president by default = éÌûªh president †’ ᆒoéÓ-éπ-§Ú-´úøç ´©x v°æÆæ’h-ûª-ç -Ö-†o ´uÍéh president í¬ ÖØ√oúø’. Judgement by default = Case ™ äéπ °æéπ~ç ¢√®Ω’ Court èπ◊ ®√†ç-ü¿’†, Å´-ûªL °æéπ~ç ¢√∞¡xèπ◊ ņ’èπÿ-©çí¬ ÉîËa B®Ω’p – ÉC î√™« formal, spoken English ™ ¢√úøç Åçûªí¬.

Y ou ar e deceiving yourself

ÅçûªöÀ¢√úË CT-´*a Åûª-úÕE ÅGµ-†ç-Cç-î√úø’. ÅûªúË/ Ǣ˒/ ØËØË– É™« Å®Ωnç ´îËaô’x himself, herself, myself, etc- ÅE ¢√úÕûË, Å°æ¤púø’, self *´®Ω ´îËa pronouns, emphatic pronoun. Å™« é¬èπ◊çú≈– He killed himself = Åûª-úÕE ÅûªúË îªç°æ¤-èπ◊-Ø√oúø’ – É™« Å®Ωnç ´ÊÆh reflexive pro-

Q.

¢Ë’´· èπ◊éπ\†’ °ç-èπ◊ç-ô’Ø√oç. We are bringing up/ raring up a dog

(ÅûªúË Ç¢Á’-éπ™«

îÁ§ƒpúø’) ÅûªúË ÅE ØÌéÀ\ îÁ•’-ûª’Ø√oç 鬕öÀd §ƒ´·-ë«uEo Ææ÷*çîË Nüµ¿çí¬ ØÌéÀ\-îÁ-°æpúøç.)

Ø√èπ◊-™‰E ¶«üµ¿ FÈéç-ü¿’èπ◊? When I am not worried, why should you?

é¬ü¿’.

He himself told her so - Here, himself is emphatic pronoun- emphatic


by default

îªü¿’´¤ Ææçüµ∆u- ®√-E-¢√-JéÀ °æü¿-´¤©’ Öçúøôç ´©x Nü∆u-´ç-ûª’-úÕéÀ N©’´ ™‰èπ◊çú≈ §Ú®·çC. As the uneducated corner all the positions, the educated have no value




2

Ææ*Ø˛ Çúø-éπ-§ÚûË ÉçúÕߪ÷ Èí©-´ü¿’. A. Correct. Q. Unless Sachin plays, Sehwag will play. A.

Ææ*Ø˛ Çúø-éπ-§ÚûË (-ØË) ÂÆ£æ…yí˚ Çúø-û√úø’. ÉC ÆæJ-é¬ü¿’. Ééπ\úø unless èπ◊ •ü¿’©’, If ®√¢√L. If Sachin doesn't play, Sehwag will play.

Spoken English -§ƒ-ûª -¢√u≤ƒ-©éÓÆæç -éÀxé˙ -îË-ߪ’ç-úÕ.. URL: http://www.eenadu.net/spoken/spoken.htm

-Ç-C¢√®Ωç 23 -†-´ç•®Ω’ 2008

Ñ-Ø√-úø’ £j«-ü¿®√-¶«-ü˛

J.V. Jayaprakash, Proddatur Q. Please clarify the doubts in this sentence. "I could not understand why my wife and I had to suffer". Some teachers say 'why' is a conjunction and some teachers say 'had' is a verb. Some teachers say 'why' is a relative adverb and some teachers say 'had to' is a modal auxiliary and 'suffer' is the main verb. A. Why Adverb, It's not a conjunction. I could not understand the reason why ... why, relative conjunction. had to suffer - 'had to' is modal, and 'suffer' is a main verb.

Ééπ\úø

ņo-

°æ¤púø’,

Q. scrutiny, checking, verification and observing.

°æJ-Q-©† Checking= ûªE& ÆæJ-îª÷-úøôç (ï®Ω-í¬-Lq† Nüµ¿çí¬ ïJ-Tçü∆ ™‰ü∆ ÅE)/ vüµ¿’´°æ-®Ω--éÓ-´úøç– äéπ®Ω’ îÁ°œpçC Eï´÷, é¬ü∆ ÅE. Observing= í∫´’-Eç-îªúøç; ¢√uë«u-Eç-îªúøç

Q.

éÀçC °æü∆© Å®√n-©†’, ¢√öÀ ¶µ‰ü∆-©†’ N´-Jç-îªí∫-©®Ω’. Trophy, cup, shield. A. Trophy = äéπ °æçüÁç™ ÈíL-*-†ç-ü¿’èπ◊ í∫’®Ω’hí¬ Nñ‰-ûª©’ BÆæ’-èπ◊ØË ãúÕ-§Ú®·-†-¢√J ´Ææ’h-´¤†’ Trophy ÅØË-¢√∞¡Ÿx. 鬩-véπ¢Ë’ù« ÅC Nï-ߪ÷-EéÀ í∫’®Ω’h, Ç ûª®√yûª Nñ‰-ûª-©éÀîËa •£æ›-´’A Å®·uçC. DØËo memento ÅE èπÿú≈ ņ-´îª’a. cup = Nï-ߪ÷-EéÀ *£æ«oçí¬, •£æ›-´’-Aí¬ ÉîËa cup - ÉC *†o cup †’ç*, °ü¿l §ƒvûªí¬ ÖçúÌa. shield = ÉC èπÿú≈ §ÚöÙ  Nñ‰-ûª-©-éÀîËa •£æ›-´’ûË – Å®·ûË ÉC °æ‹®Ωyç ߪ·ü∆l¥™x ÂÆjE-èπ◊©’ ¢√úË ú≈©’ ®Ω÷°æç™ Öçô’çC.

a) After his death, his sons separated

Verification =

(ÅûªúÕ ´’®Ωùç ûª®√yûª éÌúø’-èπ◊©’ NúÕ-§Úߪ÷®Ω’) - Simple (separated - äÍé verb Ñ

Q. examine, search, scanning, testing, inspect. A. Examine =

°æK-éÀ~ç-îªúøç search = ¢Áü¿-éπúøç Scanning = EP-ûªçí¬ °æJ-Q-Lç-îªúøç/ °æK-éÀ~ç-îªúøç Testing = °æK-éÀ~ç-îªúøç Inspect = ûªE& îËߪ’úøç

™)

(Åûªúø’ ´’®Ω-ùÀç-*† ûª®√yûª éÌúø’-èπ◊©’ NúÕ-§Úߪ÷®Ω’) Ééπ\úø after ûª®√yûª (had) died, ÅØË verb ®√´--úøçûÓ separated ûÓ È®çúø’ verbs Å´¤-ûª’-Ø√o®·. After he had died- subordi-

鬮√u-©-ߪ÷-™xE Æœ•sçC

nate clause, COMPLEX.

™ ¶üµ¿†

Æœ•sçC. Crew = etc.

sentence

b) After he (had) died, his sons separated

Q. staff, faculty, crew. Faculty = College/ University

G. Shylaja, Kusthapur

Éçé¬- -N-´®Ωçí¬ îª÷-úøçúÕ.

A. Scrutiny=

A. Staff =

2

so

the

sentence

is

c) He (had) died and then his sons separated.

¢√£æ«-Ø√© Æœ•sçC – bus, ship, plane,

A. The building which is being pulled by them is 100 years old =

Ééπ\úø èπÿú≈ '¢√∞¡xûÓ °æúø-íÌ-ôd•-úø’-ûª’†o— ÅØË Å®Ωn¢Ë’ ´Ææ’hçC. ¢√∞¡x-ûÓ °æúø-íÌ-ôd•-úø’-ûª’†o building, 100 Ææç´-ûªq-®√-©C ÅE sentence Å®Ωnç. Å™« é¬èπ◊çú≈ Which building is being pulled down by them? = à building ¢√∞¡xûÓ °æúø-íÌ-ôd-•-úø’-ûÓçC? Q. Which is planting tree? àüÁjûË îÁôx†’ Ø√ô’ûª÷ ÖçüÓ ÅE Å®Ωnç éπÈ®-ÍédØ√? A. Which is planting tree? = àC îÁôx† ’ Ø√ô’ûÓçC – DE-éπ®Ωnç ™‰ü¿’ -éπü∆.

The eagle is the mascot of the US

Q. nonsense, bitch, stupid, rogue, idiot, rascal, scoundrel. A. Nonsense -

Å®Ωnç-™‰E ´÷ô©’/ °œ*a ´÷ô©’/ Æ洒ߪ’ Ææçü¿-®Ωs¥ç-™‰E ´÷ô©’ – °œ*a îË≠d©æ ’. Bitch = Çúø-èπ◊éπ\, Å®·ûË ÉC áèπ◊\-´í¬ ¢Ë¨¡u ÅØË Å®ΩnçûÓ Æ‘Y©†’ Å´-´÷-†-éπ-®Ωçí¬ Ææç¶-Cµç-îËç-ü¿’èπ◊ ¢√úø-û√®Ω’. Stupid = Idiot = ´‚®Ω’^©’ stupid movie/ stupid jokes, etc - É™«çöÀ ¢√öÀ™x stupid èπ◊ Å®Ωnç – unintersting and dull ÅE, ÇÆæ-éÀh-éπ-®Ωçí¬ ™‰èπ◊çú≈ NÆæ’-í∫-E-°œçîË. Rogue = ¢Á÷Ææ-í¬-úÁj† ü¿’®√t-®Ω’_úø’ Scoundrel = ü¿’®√t-®Ω’_úø’ Rascal = Rogue = ü¿’®√t-®Ω_°æ¤ ¢Á÷Ææ-í¬úø’, Å®·ûË rascal †’ English ™ Aô’d-°æ-ü¿çí¬ Å†’-éÓ®Ω’. ÅGµ-´÷-†çûÓ ÅØË °æü¿çí¬ (´’†ç *†o-¢√-∞¡x†’, üÌçí∫ ¢Áüµ¿´) ņoô’x ¶µ«N-≤ƒh®Ω’.

Q. logo, muscat, symbol, emblem, motto. A. Logo = trade mark =

ã éπç°F/ ÆæçÆæn Ö°æ-ßÁ÷TçîË *£æ«oç. Emblem= ÉC èπÿú≈ *£æ«o¢Ë’. Å®·ûË ÉC äéπ ñ«A, ü˨¡ç, ®√≠æZç, †í∫-®Ω-§ƒ-Léπ ÆæçÆæn©’ ûª´’ í∫’®Ω’hí¬ ¢√úË *£æ«oç. The Asoka pillar with the three lions and the wheel is the national emblem of India =

´‚úø’ Æœç£æ…©÷, îªvéπç Ö†o Ũéπ Ææh綵ºç ¶µ«®Ωûª ñ«A *£æ«oç. Mascot (muscat é¬ü¿’) Åü¿%-≠æd-éπ-®Ω-¢Á ’iç-Cí¬ ¶µ«NçîË ïçûª’´¤, ´’E≠œ à ¶Ô´’t-®·Ø√. The eagle is the mascot of the US = Å¢Á’-Jé¬ mascot - í∫®Ω’-úø-°æéÀ~. Symbol - à *£æ«o-¢Á’iØ√ Motto - äéπ ÆæçÆæn/ ´uéÀh †¢Ë’t Çü¿®Ωzç – äéπ *†o ¢√éπuç ®Ω÷°æç™– Ææûªu-¢Ë’´ ïߪ’ûË- ™«. ´÷´‚©’í¬ ÉC logo, emblem ™«çöÀ ¢√öÀ™x ¶µ«í∫çí¬ Öçô’çC. Q. quick, soon, urgent, immediately. A. Quick -

ûªy®Ωí¬/ ¢Ëí∫çí¬ Soon = ¢ÁçôØË. äéπ Ææç°∂æ’-ô† ïJ-T† ¢ÁçôØË. (Quick ÅØËC, éπü¿-L-éπ™  ¢Ëí∫ç ûÁ©’-°æ¤-ûª’çC– Soon = ûÌçü¿-®Ωí¬, äéπ N-≠æߪ’ç ûª®√yûª) urgent = Å´-Ææ-®Ωçí¬/ ņ’-èπ◊†o ¢ÁçôØË ï®Ω-í¬-Lq† immediate = ûªéπ~ùç.

M. Satyanarayana, Hyd.

Ééπ\úø èπÿú≈ È®çúø’

Q. End, close, finish; hardware, iron, steel -

-Ççí∫x-¶µ«-≠æ-ù 524

Ñ °æü∆© í∫’Jç*

verbs

È®çúø’

1) He (had) died

COMPOUND sentence.

É™« Å®Ωnç ´÷®Ω-èπ◊çú≈ ´÷®Ω’p©’ îËÆæ’èπ◊çô÷ phrases †’ clauses í¬/ clauses †’/ phrases í¬ ´÷®Ωaúøç M.SURESAN practise îËߪ’úøç Å´-Ææ®Ωç. DEéÀ éÌçûª Let's close this chapter as soon as possible Ü£æ« é¬¢√L, éπ≠dçæ é¬ü¿’. = O©-®·-†çûª ûªy®Ωí¬ Ñ chapter ´·Tü∆lç. P. Ravikumar, Aiza. Finish = °æE °æ‹Jh-îË-ߪ’úøç. Q. Who was the son of Dasaratha ¢√éπu E®√tùç He has finished his home work. v°æ鬮Ωç ÉC -v°æ¨¡o. DE Å®Ωnç: ü¿¨¡-®Ωü∑¿’úÕ èπ◊´÷-®Ω’Finish Åçõ‰ ûª’C-¢Á’-®Ω’í∫’ ÅØË Å®Ωnç úÁ-´®Ω’?é¬-F 'ü¿¨¡-®Ω-ü∑¿’úÕ èπ◊´÷-®Ω’-úÁj-†-ô’-´çöÀ The chair lacks finish = Ñ èπ◊KaéÀ é¬Ææh ¢Á’®Ω’í∫’/ (®√´·úø’)— ÅE éÌEo Spoken English °æ¤Ææh-鬙x Çéπ-®Ω{ù ™‰ü¿’. (N’í∫û√ N≠æ-ߪ÷©’ ÆæJí¬ ÖçúÌa) îª÷¨»ç. ᙫçöÀ Ææçü¿-®√s¥™x Å™« ®√ßÁ·îª’a? Iron= Ɇ’´· A. Who was the son of Dasaratha? Ñ sensteel= Öèπ◊\ (Éçöx ¢√úË §ƒvûª©’– stainless tence É™«Íí Ö†oôx®·ûË D-EéÀ -Å®Ωnç ü¿¨¡-®Ω-ü∑¿’úÕ steel) èπ◊´÷-®Ω’-úÁ-´®Ω’? ÅØË. Å®·ûË Sri Rama, who Hardware - ¶µº´-Ø√© éπôd-ú≈-©èπ◊ ¢√úË É†’°æ, was the son of Dasaratha, killed Ravana ÉûªhúÕ, éπç, Öèπ◊\ ≤ƒ´’vT– ¢Ë’èπ◊©’, buckets, Ééπ\úø who was the son of Dasaratha ÅØËC í∫úÕ-ߪ’©’ ™«çöÀN. question é¬ü¿’. ¢Á·ûªhç sentence ™ ÅüÓ ¶µ«í∫ç. É™« sentence ™ ¶µ«í∫çí¬ ´*a-†-°æ¤púø’ M.A.K. Chakravarthi, Nadakuduru 'ü¿¨¡-®Ωü∑¿’úÕ èπ◊´÷-®Ω’-úÁj† ®√´·úø’— ÅØË Å®Ωnç Q. Simple, Complex and Compound ´Ææ’hçC. Sentences í∫’Jç* îÁ°æpçúÕ. Q. Which is being pulled down by them. ÉC A. Simple, Compound and Complex senv°æ¨¡o éπü∆. é¬F 'àüÁjûË ¢√∞¡xûÓ °æúø-íÌ-ôd-•-úø’ûª÷ tences: ÖçüÓ Ç (éπôdúøç)— ÅE Å®Ωnç ÖçC. ÉC ᙫ Standard Conversions ≤ƒüµ¿uç? Å®·-§Ú-®·çC. close Åçõ‰ äéÓ\-≤ƒJ °æ‹Jh-îË-ߪ’úøç ÅØË Å®Ωnç ÖçC/ ´·Tç-îªúøç.

Simple

Complex

Compound

1) Inspite of/ despite

Though/ although/ even though

But/ yet/ and yet

2) without/ but for

If/ unless

or/ otherwise/ or else

3) because of

becasuse

so/ therefore

1. A tallman was here

A man who was tall was here.

A man was here and he was tall.

though/ although/ even though he is rich, he spends little

He is rich but/ yet/ and yet he spends little.

3. Without his telling me, I will not go.

only if he tells me, I will go/ unless he tells me, I will not go

He should tell me (to go); or else/ otherwise I will not go.

4. Because of his illness he is absent.

Because he is ill, he is absent.

He is ill, so he is absent.

(Tall man - phrase clause - A man who is tall

DØËo

îË-ßÁ·îª’a ÅE)

2. Inspite of/ Despite

(Å®·-†-°æp-öÀéÃ) Inspite of/ Despite his wealth he spends little.

A. The man, who came to a large city .... =

°ü¿l †í∫-®√-EéÀ ´*a† Ç ´’E≠œ. = îªE-§Ú-ߪ÷úø’

ûª®√yûª ÅûªúÕ éÌúø’-èπ◊©’ NúÕ-§Ú-ߪ÷®Ω’. Ñ È®çúø’ main clauses 鬕öÀd ÉC

The match has ended = Match

á´-È®jûË äéπ °ü¿l °æôd-ù«-EéÀ ´î√a®Ó? ÅØË Å®Ωnç ÆæJ-§Úûª’çü∆?

clauses = 2) And then his sons separated =

ûÁ©’-°æ-í∫-©®Ω’. A. End = Åçûªç, *´J ü¿¨¡ close = ´‚ߪ’úøç finish= °æ‹Jh-îË-ߪ’úøç/ ûª’C-¢Á’-®Ω’-í∫’©’.

Q. Who came a large city.

Who came to a large city?=

á´®Ω’ ´î√a®Ω’

°ü¿l †í∫-®√-EéÀ? Q. Who travelled from here to there.

á´-È®jûË Ééπ\úÕ †’ç* Åéπ\-úøèπ◊ v°æߪ÷ùç î˨»®Ó? ÅØË Å®Ωnç ´Ææ’hçC éπü∆? Who travelled from here to there? = Ééπ\úÕ †’ç* Åéπ\-úÕéÀ á´®Ω’ v°æߪ÷-ùÀç-î√®Ω’? éπÈ®Íéd-Ø√?

A. Passengers, who travelled from here to there =

Ééπ\úÕ †’ç* Åéπ\-úÕéÀ á´-È®jûË v°æߪ÷-ùÀçî√®Ó ¢√∞¡Ÿx = Ééπ\úÕ -†’ç-* Åéπ\-úÕéÀ v°æߪ÷-ùÀç-*† v°æߪ÷-ùÀ-èπ◊©’.... É™« who/ which/ whose ûÓ ´îËa clauses sentence ™ ¶µ«í∫ç Å®·-ûËØË O’®Ω-†’-èπ◊†o Å®Ωnç ´Ææ’hçC. éπÈ®Íéd.

U.Hari, Tandoor. Q. Why the words THE, A pronounce in different ways like The A-

ü¿ – C, the as 'C—

à – Å.

A. We pronounce before English words beginning with any of the Telugu sounds, The idea

Å, Ç, É, Ñ, Ö, Ü, á, à, â, ä, ã, å (C) egg (áí˚), The (C) ant, The (C) (â), The (C) owl (噸), etc.

Before English words beginning with other than the Telugu sounds from to the is pronounced as

Å

å,

ü¿.

The building, the University, etc.

(ü¿)

(ü¿)

tree, The

(ü¿)

A is mostly pronounced as when we want to stress it

Å, and only (äéπ\õ‰, àüÓ äéπ ÅØË Å®ΩnçûÓ ØÌéÀ\ °æL-Íé-ô-°æ¤púø’), we pronounce it as, á.

Q. What is exact meaning of 'Back drop of.' Kindly explain its usage with example. A. Back drop= 1) The drop curtain at the back of a stage in a theatre (drama hall), 2) All that we can see around us when an event takes place. The roaring Sea provided a back drop to the fight between the two =

¢√J §Úö«x-ôèπ◊, £æ«ÙÈ®-ûª’h-ûª’†o Ææ´·vü¿ç ØË°æ-ü∑¿uçí¬ ÆæJ-§Ú-®·çC. 3) äéπ Ææç°∂æ’-ô† ï®Ω’-í∫’-ûª’-†o-°æ¤púø’ / ïJ-Íí-ô°æ¤púø’, ü∆EéÀ Ææç•ç-Cµç-*†/ ü∆E-é¬\-®Ω-ù-´’ßË’u °æJ-Æœnûª’©’. eg: The communal clashes broke out against the backdrop of the comments the people of one community made against the other=

äéπ ´®√_-EéÀ îÁçC-†-¢√®Ω’, ÉçéÓ ´®Ω_ç O’ü¿ îËÆœ† ¢√uêu© ØË°æ-ü∑¿uç™ ´®Ω_ Ææç°∂æ’®Ω{ù v§ƒ®Ωç-¶µº-´’-®·çC.

Spoken English -§ƒ-ûª -¢√u≤ƒ-©éÓÆæç -éÀxé˙ -îË-ߪ’ç-úÕ.. URL: http://www.eenadu.net/spoken/spoken.htm

-Ç-C¢√®Ωç 30 -†-´ç•®Ω’ 2008

Ñ-Ø√-úø’ £j«-ü¿®√-¶«-ü˛

G. Shankar, Keshavapatnam Q. Could you suggest material for JL of English and its titles. Even as where they can be had from. A. Material for Junior Lecturers in English prepared by various writers is available in all good book stalls. The best thing is to have a thorough knowledge of the History of English Literature from spencer to the 20th century, various movements in Eng. Literature, and different forms of literature. Q. What is / are the difference between the accent and stress. A. Accent and stress, broadly speaking means more or less the same. However, Accent means the way a language is spoken and pronounced by different groups of the speakers of the language - for example, we have British accent of English - English as spoken and pronounced by the British, American accent - American way of speaking and pronouncing English language, Scottish (people of Scotland) accent, etc.

°æçC ´÷ç≤ƒEo §Ú®˝\ ņo-ô’xí¬ ØÁ´’L, °œôd, èπ◊çüË©’, îË°æ, á©’éπ, *©’éπ, §ƒ´·, >çéπ, ûªC-ûª®Ω @´¤© ´÷ç≤ƒEo ÉçTx-≠ˇ™ à´’ç-ö«®Ω’? A. ¢√öÀéÀ v°æûËu-éπ-¢Á’i† ´÷ô©’ ™‰´¤. ÅEoç-öÀéÀ general í¬ meat Åçö«ç. Q. NvüÓ-£æ›©’, Öví∫-¢√-ü¿’©’, ü¿’çúø-í∫’©’, EçC-ûª’©’, °∂æ÷-ûª’èπ◊©’ Ñ °æü∆-©èπ◊ Ææ´÷-Ø√-®√n-EîËa ÉçTx≠ˇ °æü∆-©†’ ûÁ©’-°æçúÕ. A. Öví∫-¢√-ü¿’©’ = terrorists ü¿’çúø-í∫’©’= hooligans/ miscreants/ ruffians

NvüÓ-£æ›©’ = °∂æ÷ûª’-èπ◊©’ = saboters (pron: ¨»•--ö«ñ¸), Sabotage (pron: ¨»•--õ‰ñ ¸– 'ñ¸—, measure ™ 'ï— ™«) EçC-ûª’©’= The Accused. Q. Define and explain the following about cricket stadium. A.
Pavilion

2

Robes, Fabric, Now, Through, From the beginning, React

°æ-ü∆-©- Å®√n-©-†’ -Ö-ü∆£æ«®Ω-ù©-ûÓ -N-´-Jç-îªç-úÕ. A Erect = vertical

.

(Eôd-E-©’-´¤í¬)
Straight

= ´çéπ®Ω ™‰èπ◊çú≈/ ´ç°æ¤©’ ™‰èπ◊çú≈, ÉC Eôd-E-©’-´¤-í¬ Öçúø´îª’a, Horizontal í¬†÷ (¶µº÷N’éÀ Ææ´÷ç-ûª-®Ωçí¬) Öçúø-´îª’a, à Cèπ◊\-™-ØÁjØ√ Öçúø-´îª’a. éπü¿-L-éπ™, go straight Åçõ‰ ´’üµ¿u™ áéπ\ú≈ ´’©’°æ¤/ Çí∫úøç ™‰èπ◊çú≈ Ø訽Ւ äéπ-îÓ-öÀ-Èé-∞¡}úøç. àüÁjØ√ ´Ææ’h´¤ ûª† ô÷d û√†’ A®Ω-í∫úøç Rotate ¶Ôçí∫®Ωç – A top rotates. The earth rotates around its axis - ¶µº÷N’ ûª†îª’ô÷d û√†’ A®Ω’-í∫’-ûª’çC.

(Ũ-èπ◊úø’ °ü¿l ≤ƒv´÷-ñ«uEo §ƒLç-î√úø’.) c) The British ruled India for 200 years =

¶µ«®Ω-û˝†’ vGöÀ-≠æ®Ω’x 200 -à∞¡Ÿx §ƒLç-î√®Ω’. d) The British ruled over the largest empire in the World =

v°æ°æç-îªç-™ØË ÅA-°ü¿l ≤ƒv´÷ñ«uEo vGöÀ-≠æ®Ω’x §ƒLç-î√®Ω’.
Dumb Åçõ‰ ´‚í∫ –- ´÷-ô-®√éπ§Ú´-úøç /´÷--ö«xúø-™‰-éπ-§Ú-´-úøç ´©x, ´÷ö«x-úø-èπ◊çú≈ Öçúøôç.
´÷´‚-© ’í¬ ¢Áç•-úÕç-îª-úøç/ ņ’-Ææ-Jç--îª-úøç following. Following him were his brothers-

It was a success altogether

Stress is the extra force with which we pronounce a syllable in a word. eg : In the word, 'above', there are two syllables 1)a (∂) 2) bove (bΛv), In pronouncing this word, we stress the second syllable bΛv. That is, we use extra force while uttering 'bΛv'. The stress is on the second syllable. We also say that the accent is on the second syllable. Q. Could you give me the meanings of phrases of the following in telugu. A.
In tune with In tune with =

ņ’-í∫’-ùçí¬.

In tune with the changing tastes of the customers, the company is designing new footwear = customers company

´÷®Ω’-ûª’†o ņ’í∫’-ùçí¬, Ç ©†’ ®Ω÷§Òç-C-≤ÚhçC.

ÅGµ-®Ω’-©èπ◊ éÌûªh ®Ω鬩 §ƒü¿-®Ω-éπ~-


Underscores Underscore = underline =

´’†ç ´÷ö«xúË/ ®√ÊÆ N≠æ-ߪ÷™x àüÁjØ√ ´·êuç ÅE ûÁ©-°æúøç.

The frequent terrorist attacks underscores the need for tighter security =

ûª®Ωîª÷ ï®Ω’-í∫’ûª’†o Öví∫-¢√-ü¿’© ü∆úø’©’ °æöÀ≠æe ¶µºvü¿ûª Å´-Ææ®Ω v§ƒ´·-ë«uEo ûÁ©’-°æ¤-ûª’-Ø√o®·.

Sports ground èπ◊ ü¿í∫_-®Ω™ØË ÖçúË í∫’ú≈-®Ω癫çöÀ pavilion éπôd-ú≈Eo (°æ-N-©u-Ø˛ – 'N— ØÌéÀ\ °æ©’èπ◊û√ç) Åçö«ç. ´·êuçí¬ players (ï®Ω’-í∫’-ûª’†o §ÚöÙ  §ƒ™Ô_çô’†o véÃú≈-é¬-®Ω’©’), Ç£æ…y-E-ûª’©’ èπÿ®Ω’aØË ´ÆæA.

-Ççí∫x-¶µ«-≠æ-ù 525

ï®Ω-í∫-¶ßË’ N≠æߪ’ç/ Ææç°∂æ’-ô-†©

ÆæçÍéûªç. To herald =

ï®Ω-í∫-¶ßË’ Ææç°∂æ’-ô-†©èπ◊ ÆæçÍé-ûªçí¬ Öçúøôç/ X鬮Ωç ôdúøç. a) Viresalingam's Rajasekhara Charitam heralded the novel era in Telugu literature =

éπçü¿’-èπÿJ OÍ®-¨¡-Lçí∫ç ®Ω*ç-*† ®√ï-¨Ï-ê®Ω îªJûªç, ûÁ©’í∫’ ≤ƒ£œ«-ûªuç™ †´-™«- ¨¡-é¬-EéÀ (era) Ç®Ω綵ºç Ææ÷*ç-*çC/ ÆæçÍé-ûª-¢Á’içC.

b) Sri Sri's poetry heralded the age of free verse in Telugu =

XX éπNûªyç ûÁ©’-í∫’™ îªçüÓ-•ü¿l¥ç é¬E éπN-ûªèπ◊ X鬮Ωç öÀdçC.

A.Sudhakar, Peddamallareddy. Q. C.I.E.F.L.

™ M.Phil (Eng), P.G.D.T.E. îËߪ÷-©çõ‰ 鬢√-Lq† Nü∆u-®Ω|-ûª©’ ûÁ©’-°æçúÕ.

A M.A. Degree in English Language and literature.

.

Q. P.G.D.T.E., C.I.E.F.L. D.S.C.

™ îªC-N† Nü∆u-®Ω’n-©èπ◊ ™ Å´-鬨¡ç Öçü∆? ü¿ßª’-îËÆœ ûÁ©’-°æ-

The earth revolves round the sun -

Each student paid Rs. 10/- head student


Pitch

v°æA ûª™« °æC-®Ω÷-§ƒ-ߪ’©’ Pitch (Cricket)= The area îÁLxç-î√-®Ω’. marked out between the two ü∆ü∆°æ¤ 'v°æB— ÅØË Å®ΩnçûÓ, each ÅØ√o M.SURESAN sets of stumps- the bowlers every ÅØ√o ü∆ü∆°æ¤ äéπõ‰ – Å®·ûË bowl on it and the bats men face the balléÀçü¿ N´-Jç-*† Ææ’Eo-ûª-¢Á’i† ûËú≈ í∫´’-Eç-î√L. Stumps èπÿ stumps èπÿ ´’üµ¿u bowlers Each Åçõ‰ äéπ Ææ´‚£æ«ç™ Ö†o v°æA ´Ææ’h´‹/ ûª´’ •çAE bowl îËÊÆç-ü¿’èπ◊, bats men ´’E≠œ ÅE. ¢√öÀE áü¿’-®Ì\-ØËç-ü¿’èπ◊ v°æûËu-éπçí¬ à®Ωp-®Ω-*†
Every ņo-°æ¤púø’ Ç Ææ´‚-£æ«-´’ç-ûª-öÀéÃ/ Åçü¿v°æü˨¡ç. Jéà ÅØË Å®Ωnç ´Ææ’hçC.


Dressing room

Dressing room =

véÃú≈-é¬-®Ω’©’ ûª´’ •ôd©’ ´÷®Ω’a-èπ◊-ØËç-ü¿’èπ◊, Çô N®√´’ Ææ´’-ߪ’ç™ ǣ慮Ω §ƒF-ߪ÷©’ BÆæ’-èπ◊-ØËç-ü¿’èπ◊, Nv¨»çAéÀ ¢√úË í∫C.
Gallery

1) vÊ°éπ~-èπ◊©’ èπÿ®Ω’a-ØËç-ü¿’èπ◊ ¢Á’ô’x ¢Á’ô’xí¬ EJtç-*† Ææn©ç. Ñ ´Ææ-AéÀ tickets üµ¿®Ω Éûª®Ω ûª®Ω-í∫-ûª’© éπçõ‰ ûªèπ◊\´. 2) *vûª/ P©p ´Èíj®√ éπ∞¡© v°æü¿-®Ωz† E®Ωy-£œ«çîË

Every Indian knows the story of the Bharatham = each each Indian...

¶µ«®Ωûªç éπü∑¿ v°æA ¶µ«®Ω-B-ߪ·-úÕéà (=¶µ«®Ω-B-ߪ·-©ç-ü¿-JéÃ) ûÁ©’Ææ’. Ééπ\úø ¢√úø™‰ç éπü∆? ņç. ÉçéÓ ûËú≈ each, every ØË –– Every ņo-°æ¤púø’, éÌçîÁç °ü¿l Ææ´‚£æ«ç (group) ™Å--Fo/-Åç-ü¿®Ω÷. Each Åçõ‰ ´’†ç ´÷ö«x-úø’-ûª÷†o °∂晫Ø√ Ææ´‚£æ«ç (group) ™E, v°æA- ä-éπ\öÃ/ äéπ\®Ω÷ ÅE. Each student there got some prize or the prize other =

Åéπ\-úø’†o v°æA Nü∆uJnéà àüÓ äéπ ´*açC. Åéπ\úø Ö†o v°æA äéπ\-Jéà ÅE.


Out field

véÃú≈ ¢Á’iü∆-†ç™ v°æü˨¡ç.

boundary

éÀ É´-ûª© Ö†o


Curator

1) véÃú≈ ¢Á’iü∆-Ø√Eo Çôèπ◊ ņ’-´¤í¬ ÖçúËô’x Æœü¿l¥-°æ-JîË ÅCµ-é¬J. 2) Museum, picture gallery ©†’ Ææç®Ω-éÀ~çîË ÅCµ-é¬J
Ground

curator

èπ◊ Ææ£æ«-éπ-JçîË véÃú≈ ¢Á’iü∆-Ø√Eo Æœü¿l¥çîËÊÆ °æE-¢√∞¡Ÿ}.
Stands

vÊ°éπ~-èπ◊©’ èπÿ®Ω’a-E-í¬F, E©’a-E-í¬F Çô îª÷ÊÆç-ü¿’èπ◊ à®Ωp-®Ω-*† ´ÆæA (ü∆ü∆°æ¤ gallery)

È®çúø’ È®∞¡Ÿx Ø√©’-í∫E Åçü¿®Ω’ °œ©x-©èπÿ ûÁ©’Ææ’.
Fight against = §Ú®√-úøôç. Fight with = ¢√Cç-îªúøç – DEo í∫’Jç* ´’Jçûª N´-®Ωçí¬, Ñ ´’üµ¿u lessons ™ØË N´-Jçî√ç, îª÷úøçúÕ.
ã abbreviation ™E Åéπ~-®√-©Fo äéπ- °æ-ü¿çí¬ üµ¿yEÊÆh, ÅC Acronym. 2) AIDS (Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome)
Palindrome = A word that reads the same from the beginning to the end/ end to the beginning. eg: Madam Madam

îªC-N-Ø√ éÀ— ™«.

Ñ ´÷ô áô’-- †’ç* ÅØË ´Ææ’hçC éπü∆, ûÁ©’-í∫’™ 'éÀöÀ-


Rule, Rule over

T. Siva, Nandikotkur. Q. Erect, Straight, Rotate, Revolve Each,

,

Every, Fight against, Fight with, Acronym ,

P.Lingam, Nagapuram.

Palindrome,

Q.

Following, All together, Same, Garments,

Rule,

Every boy knows that two twos are four =

eg: 1) WHO (World Health Organization)

véÃú≈ ¢Á’iü∆†ç
Grounds men

í∫-©®Ω’. A. -Å-´é¬-¨¡ç ÖçC. éÓúÕ-´÷ç-≤ƒEo *ÈéØ˛, ¢Ë’éπ ´÷ç≤ƒEo ´’ôØ˛,

ÉçéÓ

äéπ ´Ææ’h´¤ ô÷d ´Ææ’h´¤ A®Ω-í∫úøç -

Ææ÷®Ω’uúÕ îª’ô÷d ¶µº÷N’ A®Ω’-í∫’-ûª’çC.
Each - È®çúÕç-öÀ- éπç-õ‰ áèπ◊\´ Ö†o ¢√öÀ™x v°æBC/ v°æA-¢√®Ω’.

hall.


Heralds Herald =


Revolve -

Rule over,

Dumb,

È®çúø÷ ü∆ü∆°æ¤ äéπõ‰ §ƒLçîª-úøç. Å®·ûË, §ƒLçîË NÆ‘h®Ωgç ¶«í¬ áèπ◊\-´-®·ûË, Rule over Åçö«ç. a) Ashoka ruled for 30 years (Ũ-èπ◊úø’ 30 à∞¡x-§ƒô’ §ƒLç-î√úø’.)b) Ashoka ruled over

Åûª-úÕ-E ¢Áç•-úÕÆæ÷h Åûª-úÕ ≤Úü¿-®Ω’-©’-Ø√o®Ω’. Following the advice of the doctor, he gave up smoking = Doctor

Ææ©-£æ…†’ ņ’-Ææ-Jç* Åûªúø’ smoking ´÷ØË-¨»úø’. The following = Ñ éÀçü¿ îÁ°œp-†/- ûÁ-L°œ-†.
All together = Åçü¿-®Ω÷ -éπ-LÆœ - The students, all together helped the teacher = Nü∆u-®Ω’n©ç-ü¿®Ω÷ teacher èπ◊ ≤ƒßª’-°æ-ú≈f®Ω’. Å®·ûË all together •ü¿’©’, All of them, all the students better. Altogether =

°æ‹Jhí¬, ¢Á·ûªhç.

a) He gave up smoking altogether = smoking

-

°æ‹Jhí¬ ´÷ØË-¨»úø’.

Å-ûª-úø’

b) There were sixty men altogether =

áöÔ
Åéπ\úø ¢Á·ûªhç 60 ´’çC ÖØ√o®Ω’. c) It was a success altogether =

áöÔ
v°æA N≠æ-ߪ’ç-™†÷ -Ç Å†o-ü¿-´·t-™Ô-éπõ‰ (§ÚL-éπ-©’-Ø√o®·).

2) He sent the same greetings to all =

Åçü¿-Jéà äÍé ÅGµ-†ç-ü¿-†©’ °æ秃ú≈ߪ’†. ü¿’Ææ’h©’/ -´≤ƒY-©’ – Ñ ´÷ô- é¬Ææh §ƒçúÕûªuç. DE •ü¿’©’ clothes ¢√úøôç ´’ç*C.
Robes = ®√îª-J-é¬-EéÃ, £æ«Ùü∆èπÿ *£æ«oçí¬ üµ¿JçîË -´ÆæYç – ¶µº’ñ«-©- O’ü¿ †’ç* üË£æ…Eo ´ü¿’-©’í¬ éπ°æ¤pûª÷ ØË©†’ û√Íé °ü¿l- -´ÆæYç.
Fabric = -´≤ƒY-©’, sofa covers, curtains èπÿ ¢√úË á™«çöÀ -´ÆæY-´’®·-Ø√ – Cotton/ Silk/
Garments =

Polyester, etc.
Now =

É°æ¤púø’, Right now= É°æ¤púË/ Ö†o- °æ∞«ØËo/ ¢ÁçôØË. a) He is coming now= Çߪ’-E-°æ¤púø’ ´Ææ’h-Ø√oúø’. b) Do it right now= É°æ¤púË -îÁߪ÷u-°æE/ ¢ÁçôØË îÁß˝’.
Through = í∫’ç-ú≈/ -ü∆y®√/ ã Æ洒ߪ’ç ¢Á·ûªhç. He was here through the day= ®Óïçû√ ÖØ√oúø’.
Right through = ¢Á·ü¿-©’- †’ç* *´J ´®Ωèπ◊ (without a break). Right through his stay here, he troubled every one =

Åûª-úÕ-éπ\úø Ö†oçûªÊÆ°æ¤ Åçü¿-J-F É•sç-C- °-ö«dúø’.
From the beginning – ÉC èπÿú≈ °j¢√öÀ™«ØË = ¢Á·ü¿-öÀ -†’ç*/ v§ƒ®Ω綵ºç †’ç* Right from the beginning = ¢Á·ôd- ¢Á·-ü¿öÀ †’ç*/ v§ƒ®Ωç-Gµç*† éπ~ùç- †’ç*.
React = Do something in response to something else -

äéπ-ü∆-EéÀ Ææpçü¿-†í¬ à¢Á’iØ√ îËߪ’úøç.

a vast empire.

Spoken English -§ƒ-ûª -¢√u≤ƒ-©éÓÆæç -éÀxé˙ -îË-ߪ’ç-úÕ.. URL: http://www.eenadu.net/spoken/spoken.htm