Pratibha503-515

í∫’®Ω’-¢√®Ωç 2 -ÅéÓd-•®Ω’ 2008

Ñ-Ø√-úø’ £j«-ü¿®√-¶«-ü˛

G. Shankar, Keshavapatnam. Q. Could you give me the meanings of these phrases. For instance, Even while, Even since, By and large, Elan and ease, Knives ad forks. A. For instance = for example.

P. Suresh Varma, Palakollu. Q.

Every chapter of the book is interesting- for instance this chapter itselfchapter chapter.

v°æA °æ¤Ææh-éπç™ ÇÆæ-éÀh-éπ®Ωç. Öü∆-£æ«-®Ω-ùèπ◊, Ñ

Ñ

Even while = Even as some thing is happening. Even while I was telling him not to smoke, he lit a cigaratte. (Smoke

îÁßÁ·u-ü¿lE îÁ•’-ûª’ç-úø-í¬ØË Åûªúø’ Æœí∫-È®ö¸ ´·öÀdç-î√úø’) Even since ™‰ü¿’, Ever since – Å°æpöÀ †’ç*; Ever since he came here he began troubling others =

Åûªúø’ Ééπ\úÕéÀ ´*a† éπ~ùç †’ç* Éûª®Ω’©†’ É•sçC °úø’ûª÷ØË ÖØ√oúø’. By and large = î√™« ´’ô’èπ◊. By and large he was successful in his attempts = Åûªúø’ ûª† v°æߪ’-û√o™x î√™«-´’-ô’èπ◊ Nïߪ’ç §Òçü∆úø’. By and large students are satisfied with his teaching.

®√®·ç-îªúøç, îªC-Nç-îªúøç, îË®·ç-îªúøç OöÀE ÉçTx-≠ˇ™ ᙫ îÁ§ƒpL? A. ®√®·ç-îª-úøç, îªC-Nç--îª-úøç, îË®·ç-îª-úøç ™«çöÀN causative verbs Åçö«ç. OöÀéÀ ü∆ü∆°æ¤ ÅEoç-öÀéà make ¢√úø-´îª’a, î√™« îÓôx 'have', 'got' èπÿú≈ ¢√úø’-ûª’çö«ç. I'll make him phone you = Åûª-úÕûÓ Øˆ’ phone îË®·-≤ƒh†’ = I'll get him to phone you = I'll have him phone you - É™« ÅEoç-öÀéà v°æߪ’-Aoç-îªçúÕ. Q. Future ™ ïJ-T-§Ú-ûª’çC. (ûª°æp-èπ◊çú≈) ï-Jí∫’çô’ç-C ÅØË ¢√é¬u-©†’ ÉçTx≠ˇ ᙫ îÁ§ƒpL? A. It shall happen = Future ™ ûª°æpéπ ï®Ω’-í∫’-ûª’çC. It shall have happened = Future ™ ´’†ç ņ’èπ◊†o Ææ´’-ߪ÷-EéÀ ïJT Öçô’çC. Q. Would Ö°æ-ßÁ÷-í¬©’ ûÁL-ߪ’-ñ‰-ߪ’-í∫-©®Ω’. A. Would Ö°æßÁ÷í¬©†’ ûÁ©’-Ææ’-èπ◊-ØËç-ü¿’èπ◊ Ææç•ç-Cµûª lessons îª÷úøçúÕ. K.Nagadivya, Tatipaka

With elan and ease =

Å´-M-©í¬ ¨¡éÀh-´’ç-ûªçí¬, Çéπ-®Ω{-ùÃ-ߪ’-¢Á’i† ¨ÎjL™ àü¿®·Ø√ îËߪ’úøç.

a) He performed the feat with elan and ease = (circus) feat

Ç -†’ -Å-ûª-úø’ Å´-M-©-í¬/ -Ææ’Ø√-ߪ÷-Ææçí¬ Åéπ-®Ω{-ùÃ-ߪ’¢Á’i† KA™ î˨»úø’.

as short as Gopal' or No other boy is as short as Gopal, 'short' is in positive degree. In your sentence (2) and (3), shorter, and shortest are in comparative and superlative degrees respectively.

Q. Happy x unhappy stop x nonstop

2

KSR, Marteru. Q. Fused

participle

Åçõ‰ àN’öÀ? DEE á°æ¤púø’ -Ö°æ-ßÁ÷ -T-≤ƒh®Ω’? A. Fused participle here, participle refers to the present participle, observe.

(-N-ü∆u®Ω’n-©’ Ç©-Ææuçí¬®√´--ú≈Eo ™ ™,

Æ棜«ç-Ω’)

Å´¤-ûª’çC. èπ◊ ™‰ü¿’, 鬕öÀd Å´¤-ûª’çC. Å°æ¤púø’ ÆæJ-é¬ü¿’ éπü∆. É™« í¬ ÖçúÕ, ü∆E ´·çü¿J, ™ (ßÁ·éπ\ ÅØË Å®ΩnçûÓ) ™‰†-°æ¤púø’, Ç Å´¤-ûª’çC. ÉC ™ ÆæJ-é¬ü¿’. ÅüË éÌçûª-´-®Ωèπ◊ ™

-Ççí∫x-¶µ«-≠æ-ù 503

Å®·ûË áçü¿’-éπ-´¤-

Q.

Students' coming late is not tolerated. teachers a) Students' coming late coming late (coming- present participle- used as a gerund) subject- singular, so, is not tolerated, correct b) Students apostrophe Students subject plural is tolerated (singular verb) Gerund subject noun/ pronoun, possessive case gerund, fused participle standard spoken/ written English Students coming late are not tolerated better. Q. Compound gerund

Åçõ‰ àN’öÀ? D--ØÁo-™« Ö°æ-ßÁ÷-T-≤ƒh®Ω’?

N¨¡y-Ææ-Fߪ’ ´®√_© ¶µí∫ôd.

A. Information from reliable sources. Q.

†’´¤y 鬕öÀd Ü®Ω’-èπ◊-Ø√o ´’È®-´-®Ω-®·Ø√ Å®·-´¤çõ‰ îÁç°æ îÁ∞¡Ÿx´’E-°œç-ç-úË-¢√-úÕE.

A. It's you. It is had been someone else, I'd have slapped them hard. Q.

¢√úÕE ûª†oúøç îª÷Æœ Ç¢Á’ ñ«ví∫ûªh °æúÕçC.

A. His being spanked alerted her/ she became alert an seeing him spanked. Q. A. Should we fear just because you are a policeman?

†’´¤y §ÚM-ÆˇN Å®·-†çûª ´÷vû√† ¢Ë’ ¶µºßª’-°æ-ú≈™«? G. Prasanth, Godhoor.

Q. Guide, Directory, Diary, Almanac, Calender

OöÀ ´’üµ¿u ûËú≈ àN’öÀ? A. Guide - A guide gives information about a particular subject 1) - A tourist guide / A TV guide, etc.

äÍé N≠æ-ߪ’ç Ö°æ-ßÁ÷-í∫-éπ-®Ω¢Á’i† Ææ´÷-î√®Ωç É´y-í∫© °æ¤Ææhéπç

By and lar ge he was successful

b) She sang with elan and ease =

Ç¢Á’ Ææ’Ø√-ߪ÷-Ææçí¬ ¨¡éÀh-´’ç-ûªçí¬ Çéπ-®Ω{-ùÃ-ߪ’çí¬ §ƒúÕçC. Knives and forks = AØËç-ü¿’èπ◊ ¢√úË spoons, knives (î√èπ◊©’), forks. Q. They produce in an audience an effect peculiar to the theatre. Here article 'an' is suitable or not? A. Correct (Audience - collective form - countable as a group) Q. Could you suggest a good grammar book for intermediate level by native speaker.

A. I saw him coming here and talking to some one. coming, talking gerunds sentence compound gerund

ûª’çC? Un, Non OöÀE ᙫ Ö°æ-ßÁ÷Tç-î√™ ûÁ©’-°æçúÕ. A. à °æü∆-E-ÈéjØ√ ´·êuçí¬ adjectives (í∫’ù«©’ ûÁLÊ° °æü∆-©)èπ◊ ´·çü¿’ 'un' îËJÊÆh, ´uA-Í®-鬮Ωnç ´Ææ’hçC unhappy (ÆæçûÓ-≠æç-™‰E) unjust (ÅØ√u-ߪ’-¢Á’i†), etc.

Ééπ\úø, ÅØË È®çúø÷ Åçûª-éπØ√o áèπ◊\´ †’ äÍé ™ ¢√úÕûË ÅN Å´¤-û√®·. Éçé¬ îª÷úøçúÕ.

Avoiding smoking is good for Avoiding, smokhealth ing compound gerund. I saw him coming here and talking to some one. coming, talking gerunds sentence compound gerund Q. An elderly man An elder man

M.SURESAN

Non èπÿú≈ ´uA-Í®-é¬-®√n-Eo-Ææ’hçC. Å®·ûË ÅC 'un-, 'in-' (in- èπÿú≈ ´uA-Í®-鬮Ωnç ÉÆæ’hçC) Åçûª strong é¬ü¿’. 'Non', adjectives Íé é¬èπ◊çú≈ Éûª®Ω parts of speech ©ûÓ èπÿú≈ ¢√úøû√ç.

Ééπ\úø ´®Ω-Ææí¬,

¢√úøôç èπÿú≈

Ééπ\úø, ÅØË È®çúø÷ Åçûª-éπØ√o áèπ◊\´ †’ äÍé ™ ¢√úÕûË ÅN A. Raymond Murphy's Elementary Grammar. D.L. Rao, Suvarnapuram. Å´¤-û√®·. Linganna, Adilabad. Åçô’ç-ö«®Ω’ éπü∆. Q. ؈’ Ç¢Á’èπ◊ NE-°œç-î √-©ØË §ƒú≈†’. Q. My father's three brothers lived with their ÅE áçü¿ ’ èπ ◊ ņè πÿ-úøü¿’? A. I sang so that she would hear me/ I sang only families in the same house, but by far, my A. Elder- °ü¿l/ elderly- °ü¿l Å®·† Åçü¿’-éπE to be heard by her. father was the most liberal. Ééπ\úø 'by far' Ö°æelderly man Åçö«ç. ßÁ÷í∫ç, Å®Ωnç N´-Jç-îª-í∫-©®Ω’, -Ö-ü∆£æ«®Ω-ù-L-´yí∫-©®Ω’. Q. F´¤ Åûª-úÕéÀ NE-°œç-îËô’d §ƒú≈L. He is the elder of the two - ¢√Rx-ü¿l®Óx Åûª†’ °ü¿l. A. By far = àü¿®·Ø√ N’í∫-û√-¢√-öÀéπçõ‰ ´’ç*í¬/ Åüµ∆y- A. Sing in such a way that he hears you. Elders of the family = èπ◊ô’ç• Â°ü¿l©’. äéπ-JE Q. á°æ¤púø’, áéπ\úø à´’-´¤-ûª’çüÓ á´-J-ÈéjØ√ ᙫ ´÷vûª¢Ë’ °ü¿l- ÅE singular í¬ ¢√úøç. †çí¬ Öçü¿E îÁÊ°pç-ü¿’èπ◊ ¢√úøû√ç. ûÁ©’-Ææ’hçC? a) By far Punjab/ Punjab by far is the most Q. ¢√éπuç™ that of †’ á°æ¤púø’ Ö°æ-ßÁ÷-T-≤ƒh®Ω’?Since industrialised state in India = ¶µ«®Ω-û˝™ E A. Who knows what happens and when. the age of 15 the only control on me was that ÅEo ®√≥ƒZ™x °æçñ«¶¸ §ƒJ-v¨»-N’-éπçí¬ ÅGµ-´%Cl¥ Q. Off we went through a series of left and right of my sister. Ñ ¢√éπuç™ that of Å®Ωnç àN’öÀ? îÁçCçC. turns, traffic lights and even a short jaunt up A. O’ sentence ™ that of my sister èπ◊ ™, that = b) This is by far the safer than any other a one-way lane the wrong way. Ñ ¢√é¬u-EéÀ the control. Åçûªèπ◊ ´·çü¿’ ¢√úÕ† control èπ◊, method = N’í∫û√ °æü¿l¥-ûª’© éπçõ‰ Ñ °æü¿l¥A Å®Ω n ç àN’öÀ ? that refer îËÆæ’hçC. Ææ’®Ω-éÀ~ûªç. A. èπ◊-úÕ, áúø-´’©’ A®Ω’-í∫’ûª÷, traffic lights ü∆ô’-èπ◊çô÷, eg: His car is more beautiful as his brother's = Shyam Raj, Hyderabad. Éçé¬ one way Ææçü¿’-†’ç* ü¿÷Ææ’-èπ◊-§Úûª÷ ûª°æ¤p His car is more beautiful that (=the car) of his brother= His car is more beautiful than -ü∆-J™ Å™« ¢ÁRx-§Úߪ÷ç. Q. Gopal is the shortest of the three. Can we say the above superlative sentence like this- Gopal is the shortest of them all. A. a) Gopal is the shortest of the three = b) Gopal is the shortest of them all - (Both) (a) and (b) are correct. However, note this point. An adjective is in one or the other of three degrees only if there is a comparison. If there is no comparison, that is, if you are not comparing two or more things with one another, the adjective is not in any degree. The sentence, Raju is a short boy' does not compare Raju's height with any other persons. So here 'short' is an adjective, but has no degree. If you say, 'Raju is (is not)

his brother's car.

U.S.S. Pranav, Hyderabad.

éÀç-C -¢√é¬u-©†’ ÉçTx-≠ˇ™ ûÁ©’-°æ-í∫-©®Ω’. Q. O’ Ø√†o îÁ°œpçC éπÈ®Íéd ÅE ÉçTx-≠ˇ™  îÁ°æp-ú≈-EéÀ Q. Ø√èπ◊ éπ®Ωt°æöÀd O’ ü¿í∫_®Ω °æE-îË-Ææ’h-Ø√o†’. What your father said, is correct ™‰ü∆ What A. It's my misfortune to work under you. your father said was correct ÅØ√™«? What Q. ïJ-Íí-üËüÓ ï®Ω-í∫E. your father has said, is/ was correct ÅØ√™«? A. Let what happens happen. N´-Jç-îª-í∫-©®Ω’. Q. Åçü¿®Ω÷ v°æ¨»ç-ûªçí¬ Öçúøí¬ ØËØÁç-ü¿’èπ◊ ´’-ü∑¿-†-°æ-ú≈L? A. Ææçü¿-®√s¥Eo •öÀd What your father said was correct/ is correct - È®çúø÷ correct. O’ Ø√†o A. When others aren't bothered at all, why îÁ°œpçC Å°æ¤púø’ (past ™) Correct = was cor- should I? rect. (Åûª-úø-éπ\úø past ™ ÖØ√o-úøØÓ. Ñ Nüµ¿çí¬). Q. FüËç §Ú®·çC, é¬Í®ç éπ®Ωt N´÷-†-¢Á’iØ√ éÌçö«´¤. O’Ø√†o îÁ°œpçC É°æp-öÀéà correct ÅØËç-ü¿’èπ◊ What A. How does it matter to you? Why just a car, your father said is correct ÅE Åçö«ç. you can buy even a plane.

Directory:

äÍé ´®√_-EéÀ îÁçC† v°æï©, N≠æ-ߪ÷©†’í∫÷Ja, ¢√∞¡x addresses, Éûª®Ω N´-®√-©†’ ûÁ-LÊ° °æ¤Ææhéπç – A Telephone (¢√u§ƒ®Ω N´-®√©) Directory/

directory/ Trade A Medical directory etc.,

Diary Calender Almanac Q. Module, booklet, brochure, hand book, manual, pamphlet A. Module list 1) Colleges, Universities unit module 2) module. module Booklet = booklet.

C†-îª-®Ωu- ®√ÊÆ °æ¤Ææhéπç éπü∆? D-E í∫’-Jç-* îÁ°æp-†-éπ\-®Ω-™‰ü¿’ éπü∆ AC∑, ¢√®Ω-†-éπ~-vû√©’ ûÁ-LÊ° °æçî√í∫ç.

OöÀ ´’üµ¿u ûËú≈ àN’öÀ? èπ◊ Ñ ™E N’í∫û√ ´÷ô-©èπ◊ àN-üµ¿¢Á’i† Ææç•ç-üµ¿ç-™‰ü¿’ – ™ äéπ Péπ~ù« N≠æ-ߪ÷© †’ Åçö«ç. äéπ v°æûËu-éπ-¢Á’i† ¶µ«í∫´‚, 3) äéπ v°æù«Åçö«ç. R-éπ-™E äé𠶵«í¬Eo èπÿú≈ v°æûËu-éπ-¢Á’i† Åôd©’ ™‰èπ◊çú≈, °æ¤Ææhéπ Éçü¿’™ äÍé ®Ω÷°æç™ ÖçúË *†o °æ¤Ææhéπç N≠æ-ߪ÷Eo í∫’Jç-*† Ææ´÷-î√®Ωç Öçô’çC. à *†o °æ¤Ææh-é¬-†o-®·Ø√ booklet Åçö«ç. Brochure (pron- v¶Ô≠æ– British; American v¶≠懮˝.) = äéπ ´Ææ’h´¤/ ÊÆ´© v°æî √®Ωç (Advertisement) EN’ûªhç, Ç ´Ææ’h´¤/ ÊÆ´-©†’ í∫’Jç* Ææ´÷-î√®Ωç, ¶Ô´’t-©ûÓ N´-JçîË *†o °æ¤Ææhéπç. Handbook = äéπ ´Ææ’h-´¤†’ Ö°æ-ßÁ÷-Tç-î √-Lq† Nüµ∆Ø√Eo ûÁLÊ° *†o °æ¤Ææhéπç– Ñ Å®ΩnçûÓ ÉD manual äéπõ‰. Å®·ûË handbook ÅØËC Éûª®Ω N≠æ-ߪ÷©’– ´çô, Ç®Óí∫uç/ ¢√uߪ÷´’ç/ ´Ææ’h-´¤© repair N≠æ-ߪ÷©†’ èπÿú≈ ûÁLÊ° °æ¤Ææhéπç. Manual = ߪ’çvû√©÷, ¢√£æ«-Ø√©’, é̆o-¢√-öÀE í∫’Jç*† N´-®√©’, ¢√öÀ Ö°æ-ßÁ÷í∫ Nüµ∆©’ ûÁLÊ° °æ¤Ææhéπç. Pamphlet = DEo ´’†-üË-¨¡ç™ äéπ ´Ææ’h´¤/ ÊÆ´ v°æî√-®√®Ωnç ¢√úË éπ®Ω-°ævûªç ÅØË Å®ΩnçûÓ áèπ◊\-´í¬ ¢√úøû√ç. Å®·ûË ÉC ÆæJ-é¬ü¿’. Pamphlet Åçõ‰ v°æÆæ’hûªç v°æï©’ ¶«í¬ ÇÆæéÀh îª÷°œ-Ææ’h†o N≠æߪ’ç (topic of current interest) E îªJaçîË ¢√uÆæç– Öü∆: Terrorism; °æôx v°æ¶µº’ûªy ¢Áj°∂æ-™«uEo -ûÁ-LÊ° ¢√uÆæç. ´÷´‚-©’í¬ v°æéπ-ô† ÖüËl-¨¡çûÓ ÉîËa éπ®Ω-°ævûªç, English ™ hand bill. Q. Salary, Remuneration, Honourarium– ûË-ú≈? A. Salary = ÖüÓu-TéÀ ÉîËa ØÁ©-ÆæJ @ûªç. Remuneration = äéπ °æEéÀ Éçûª ÅE ÉîËa §ƒJ-ûÓ≠œéπç (äéπ course E®Ωy-£œ«ç--îËçü¿’èπ◊, äéπ ÊÆ´ ÅçCç--îËç-ü¿’èπ◊) Honourarium - ÉC èπÿú≈ ü∆ü∆°æ¤ §ƒJ-ûÓ-≠œ-éπ¢Ë’. Å®·ûË Honourarium äéπ ÊÆ´ ÅçCç-*-†ç-ü¿’èπ◊ ¢Á·ûªhçí¬ (rate -v°æ-ÆæéÀh ™‰èπ◊çú≈) ÉîËa íı®Ω´ ®Ω’Ææ’ç.

Spoken English -§ƒ-ûª -¢√u≤ƒ-©éÓÆæç -éÀxé˙ -îË-ߪ’ç-úÕ.. URL: http://www.eenadu.net/spoken/spoken.htm

-Ç-C-¢√®Ωç 5 - ÅéÓd-•®Ω’ 2008

Ñ-Ø√-úø’ £j«-ü¿®√-¶«-ü˛

B. Lalitha, Vijayawada.

A. Krishna Geetarjuna, Nidadavolu.

Q. Wren & Martin high school grammar book Active voice Passive voice

Q. 1. BJP was to meet in chennai on July 21. NDTV 24x7 head lines

™

¢√®Ωh© ™ V™„j 18† Ñ ¢√éπuç îª÷¨»†’. V™„j 21 ¶µºN-≠æu-ûª’h†’ Ææ÷*≤ÚhçC éπü∆. Å™«ç-ô-°æ¤púø’ will meet ÅE-í¬E, meets ÅE-í¬E, is to meet ÅE-í¬E ™‰ü∆ is meeting ÅEí¬-F Öçú≈L. é¬F was to meet Åçõ‰ ᙫ éπÈ®èπ◊d. äéπ-¢Ë∞¡ ¢√éπuç Indirect ™ ÖçúÕ ´·çü¿’ ´÷ô©’ ™°œç-î√-ߪ’-†’-éÓ-¢√™«? °jí¬ ÅC indirect ™ îÁ°æp-´-©-Æœ† Ææçü¿®Ωs¥ç é¬ü¿’- éπü∆.

†’ í¬ ´÷®Ωa-´’E éÀçC ¢√é¬uEo Éî√a®Ω’.

The enemy have defeated our army. key book answer The army had been defeated by the enemy present perfect tense has been Had been past perfect tense

DEéÀ

™

-

ÅE ÖçC. Ñ ¢√éπuç ™ ÅE ®√¢√L éπü∆. Ö†o-°æ¤púø’ ÅØËC ™ ´Ææ’hçC éπü∆, N´-Jç-îª-í∫-©®Ω’. A. The army has been defeated ņúøç correct passive voice. You are right in saying that the verb in the passive should be, has been. The sentence in the key perhaps has a printer's mistake.

2. Immediate past action

†’ simple present ™ îÁ°æpúøç ¢√úø’-éπ™ ÖçC.eg: I come to seek your help. ´
Q.

1. This is the book of which I was talking =

؈’ à °æ¤Ææhéπç í∫’Jç* ´÷ö«x-úø’-ûª’-Ø√oØÓ ÅC ÉC. 2. Of which book are these the pages?

Ñ pages à °æ¤Ææh-é¬EN (üËEN)?

3) For some reason best known to himself suddenly he went away. A. 1) Be but advised = let (somebody) advise you =

Ñ Ææ©£æ… BÆæ’éÓ.

2) But that you are my brother = brother

†’´¤y Ø√èπ◊

3) For some reason best known to himself =

Åûª-úÕéÀ ´÷vûª¢Ë’ ûÁL-Æœ† 鬮Ω-ù«© -´-©x = ( à 鬮Ωùç îËûªØÓ/ áçü¿’-îË-ûªØÓ) Laxman Goud, Joharapuram. Q.

Eûªu @N-ûªç™ ¢√úø-í∫-LÍí idioms Ö†o ´’ç* dictionary Ê°®Ω’ Ææ÷*ç-îªçúÕ.

A. Oxford Advanced Learners' Dictionary of Current English (Seventh Edition 2005) sayings and proverbs

™E

*´J Ê°@™x ÖçúË ØË®Ω’a-èπ◊çõ‰ î√©’. ÅN O’®Ω’ éÓ®Ω’èπ◊ØË Nüµ¿çí¬ Eûªu @N-ûªç™ Ææ綵«-≠æ-ùèπ◊ Ö°æ-ßÁ÷-í∫-°æ-úø-û√®·.

K.R.Aachari, Vaikuntapuram.

Pavani, Sudha, Matsyapuri.

Q. I am going to go to go, come verbs

Ñ ¢√éπuç™

ûª®√yûª

-Ççí∫x-¶µ«-≠æ-ù 504

course. The present participle here (going) does the work of a noun, as it (going) acts as the object complement of the verb, had seen. He seen me on my way .........

é¬éπ-§Ú-ߪ·çõ‰.

ÉC E®Ωgߪ’ç BÆæ’-èπ◊†o ûª®√yûª ÅE ®√¢√L ¢√Í®h. Å™«ç-ô-°æ¤púø’ Ééπ\úø éπü∆.

M. Nageswara Rao, Peda Avutapalli.

áØÓo ™‰ü∆ á†o´ ÅØË-ü∆-EéÀ ÆæJ-§ÚßË’ °æü¿ç ÉçTx-≠ˇ™ ™‰ü¿-Ø√o®Ω’. Of which ÅØË expression èπ◊ Å®Ωnç áØÓo ™‰ü∆ á†o¢√ ÅØË éπü∆, ûÁ©’-°æ-í∫-©®Ω’. A. á†o´ ÅØËç-ü¿’èπ◊ ÆæÈ®j† English expression ™‰ü¿E î√™«-≤ƒ®Ω’x Ææ÷*çî√ç.Of which Åçõ‰ 'á†o´— ÅØË Å®Ωnçé¬F ü∆EéÀ ü¿í∫_®Ω Å®Ωnçé¬F ®√ü¿’. Of which = ü∆E/ ü∆EéÀ Ææç•ç-Cµç-*†.

2) But that you are my brother, I must have killed you.

2. BJP decides to postpone its National Executive Meet. decided A. 1. Was to meet - wrong - no doubt about it.

2

Q. She has been ill for the last three months. for

Ñ ¢√éπuç™

This sentence is wrong, as 'seen' is only a past participle and so, not a verb. Perhaps there is a printer's mistake here, or you have copied it wrongly, please check up. It must be, He saw/ He said he had seen me on .... the railway station.

S. Shakir Ahmed, Kurnool. Q. Transitive, Intransitive verbs verb transitive intransitive collect, check, pause verbs transitive Intransitive

í∫’Jç* ûÁL-ߪ’ -ñ‰-ߪ’çúÕ. ¢√éπuç™ Ö†o-°æ¤púø’ ü∆Eo í¬ ¢√ú≈®Ó í¬ ¢√ú≈®Ó ûÁ©’-Ææ’éÓ-´úøç ᙫ? ™«çöÀ †’ í¬, í¬ á™« ¢√ú≈™ ûÁ©’-°æ-í∫-©®Ω’? A. Transitive verb Åçõ‰ object Ö†o verb á´JE? üËEE? Å-ØË v°æ¨¡o ¢ËÆæ’-èπ◊çõ‰ Ææ´÷-üµ∆†ç ´îËa verb. Eg: give = É´yúøç, üËEo É´yúøç Åçõ‰ Ææ´÷üµ∆†ç üˆo-®·Ø√ É´yúøç ÅE ´Ææ’hçC. 鬕öÀd give transitive. Å™«Íí see îª÷úøôç, üËEo îª÷úøôç – °∂晫Ø√ ¢√JE ÅE Ææ´÷-üµ∆†ç ÖçC. 鬕öÀd ÉN transitive verbs. á´-JéÀ, üËEéÀ ņo v°æ¨¡o-©èπ◊ Ææ´÷-üµ∆†ç ´îËa verbs èπÿú≈ transitive. Object ™‰E verbs intransitive verbs. OöÀéÀ á´JE, üËEE ÅE v°æ¨¡o©’ ¢ËÆæ’-èπ◊çõ‰ Ææ´÷-üµ∆†ç ®√ü¿’. Eg: go = ¢Á∞¡xúøç; á´-JE/ üË-EE/ á´-JéÀ/ üËEéÀ ¢Á∞¡xúøç? Ñ v°æ¨¡o-©èπ◊ Ææ´÷-üµ∆-Ø√--©’ -™‰-´¤. 鬕öÀd go, intransitive. Å®·ûË äÍé verb èπ◊ È®çúø’, ´‚úø’ Å®√n©’ Ö†o-°æ¤púø’ äéπ Å®ΩnçûÓ transitive, ÉçéÓ Å®ΩnçûÓ intransitive Å¢Ìya. Eg: collect = 1) ÊÆéπ-Jç-îªúøç – Ñ Å®ΩnçûÓ ÉC transitive, áçü¿’-éπçõ‰, üËEo ÊÆéπ-Jç-îªúøç Åçõ‰ Ææ´÷-î√®Ωç/ stamps / books/ addresses ™«çöÀ Ææ´÷-üµ∆-Ø√©’ ´≤ƒh®·. Ñ Å®√n-©ûÓ ÉC transitive. Collect - 2) í∫’N’-í∫÷-úøôç, äéπîÓô îË®Ωúøç, ÅØË Å®Ωnç™ intransitive - üËEo í∫’N’-èπÿ-úøôç/ îË®Ωúøç ņov°æ¨¡o-©èπ◊ Ææ´÷-üµ∆†ç ®√ü¿’. Water collected in front of the room = í∫C ´·çü¿’ F∞¡Ÿx îË®√®·/ ELî√®·. A large crowd collected there - °ü¿l Ææç-êu-™  ï†ç í∫’N’-èπÿ-ú≈®Ω’ (intransitive). Check = ≤Úü∆ îËߪ’úøç / ûªE& îËߪ’úøç/ °æK-éÀ~çîªúøç – üËEo/á´-JE Åç-õ‰ Ææ-´÷-üµ∆†ç ´Ææ’hçC 鬕öÀd transitive Å´¤-ûª’çC. Check Åçõ‰ vüµ¿’O-éπ-Jç-îªúøç,- ÉçéÌéπ-J-ûÓ. He checked with his brother- ûª† brother ûÓ ÆæJ-îª÷-Ææ’-èπ◊-Ø√oúø’. Pause = Ç°æ-úøç– transitive-.

I come to seek your help

Y. Kumar, Hyderabad.

I am ready to go/ come or I am about to go/ come

¢√úø-´î√a? ü∆EéÀ •ü¿’-©’í¬

Q. He has bought the car this morning. He has gone to Agra this year. this time specify present perfect A. The past simple tense is used for a past action the time of which is clearly stated. That is, if the action took place at a specified time in the past, the tense to be used in past simple, in spite of the use of, 'this'.

™‰ü∆

since

àC ¢√ú≈™ ûÁ©’-°æçúÕ.

A. She has been ill for the last three months .

´‚úø’ ØÁ©-©’í¬ – ÉC Éçûª¢√ú≈©E †©¶µ„j à∞¡x éÀçü¿ô 鬩 çí¬ ÅE îÁÊ°p-ô-°æ¤púø’. ´÷ ´÷≤ƒd®Ω’ îÁ§ƒp®Ω’. -N-´-Jç-îªí∫-©®Ω’. îËÊÆh since Åçõ‰ °∂æ-™«-Ø√ ®ÓV/ í∫çô/ A. I am going = ؈’ ¢Á∞¡Ÿ-ûª’-Ø√o†’. Ææ ´ ’ߪ ’ ç †’ç* ÅE. I am going to go = ¢Á∞¡x-¶-ûª’-Ø√o†’. Q. v°æ¶µº’ûªyç ñ«K-îËÊÆ Öûªh-®Ω’y™x O’Í® ÅØ√o®Ω’ éπü∆ †©¶µ„j à∞¡x éÀçü¿ô O’ M.SURESAN G.O.M.S. No. ÅE R.C. No. ÅE ÉçTx≠ˇ ´÷≤ƒd®Ω’ îÁ°œp† N≠æ-ߪ’-´’E, ÅC ®√≤ƒh®Ω’. M.S., R.C. Åçõ‰ àN’ö Å°æpöÀ ´÷ô. É°æ¤púø’, present day English ™ He bought a car this morning èπÿ He has N´Jç-îª-í∫-©®Ω’. going to go ( ¢Á∞¡x-¶-ûª’-Ø√o®Ω’) going to come gone to Agra this year èπÿ ûËú≈ ÖçC, È®çúø’ A. G.O. = Government Order (®√¶-ûª’-Ø√o®Ω’) ÅØËN Ææ®Ωy-≤ƒ-üµ∆-®Ωùç Å®·-§Úsentences èπÿ common í¬ this Ö†o-°æpM.S. = Manuscript ( ®√ûª -v°æA) ߪ÷®· – both in British and American öÀéÃ. This morning ÅE á°æ¤p-úøçö«ç? Morning R.C.No. = Reference number. English™. Åçü¿’-éπE É°æ¤p-úøN ûª°æ¤p é¬ü¿’. Å®·-§Ú-®·-† -ûª-®√yûË éπü∆? (´’üµ∆u-£æ«o-¢Á÷/- ®√-vûÓ/Q. There is no chair to sit on, no pen to write ≤ƒ-ߪ’ç-vûª¢Á÷ Åçö«ç) Åçõ‰ ´’†ç Å®·-§Ú-®·-† E.V. Sindhura, Deepak, Tadipatri. and no table to work at. Ñ ¢√éπuç ÆæÈ®j-†Æ洒ߪ’ç™ ïJ-T† action †’, Ç Æ洒ߪ’ç ûª®√yûª Q. O’®ÌéπîÓô They are watching the T.V. ÅE, with Sit on a chair ÅØ√™«?Sit in a chair üË Ø √? ´÷ö«x-úø’-èπ◊ç-ô’Ø√oç. 鬕öÀd Ééπ\úø past simple I think my mother is watching the T.V. ÅE ÅØ√™«? ´÷vûª¢Ë’ ®√¢√L (bought) é¬F this year ņ- ®√¨»®Ω’. T.V. ´·çü¿’ the ÅØË article Öçúø-èπÿ-úøü¿’ A. ÆæÈ®j-†üË. îËûÁû©ª’-©’-°’†oæ-í∫-©®Ωèπ’◊Ka. (Arm chair)/ Easy chair úøç™ Å®Ωn-¢Ë’-N’öÀ? Ñ year Å®·-§Ú-™‰-ü¿ØË éπü∆ éπü∆? The T.V. Åçõ‰ T.V. set †’ refer îËÆœ-†-ô’d- ™«çöÀ-´-®·ûË, sit in; îËûª’-™‰xE èπ◊Ka Å®·ûË sit on (Å®·-§ÚûË last year Åçö«ç. Å°æ¤púø’ past sim- Å-´¤ûª’çC. ü¿ßª’-îËÆœ N´-Jç-îª-í∫-©®Ω’. ÅØ√L. ple ¢√ú≈L éπü∆?)A. T.V. set †’ T.V. programmes †÷ Ñ È®çúÕç-öÀ™  This year ™ -á°æ¤p-úø’ -Å-ØË-C éπ-*a-ûªçí¬ -ûÁ-©°æ- üËEo îÁ°æp-ú≈-E-éπ-®·Ø√ T.V. ÅE-í¬F, the T.V. ÅE-í¬F Rajan k, Yadavole. †°æ¤p-úø’, -Ñ Ææç-´-ûªq®Ωç-™ -Ç-ߪ’-† -Ç-ví¬èπ◊ -¢Á-Rx - ņ-´îª’a. Å®·ûË á´-®Ω-®·Ø√/ àüÁjØ√ T.V. ™ Q. Once you wrote two sentences the following Ö-Ø√o-úø’ -Å-ØË -Å®Ωnç-ûÓ He has gone to Agra this éπE-°œç-îªúøç. àüÁjØ√ T.V. programme T.V. ™ ÖçC way in spoken Englishyear, éπ®ΩÍéd(Ééπ\úø èπÿú≈ He has been to Agra, ÅE îÁÊ°pç-ü¿’èπ◊, on T.V./ on the T.V. Åçö«ç. Sunil told me he had seen you going some better). ÅüË jan/ feb/ sep this year ÅE time where. specify îËÊÆh Åûªúø’ Ñ Ææç´-ûªq®Ωç, january ™ G. Maheswari, Secunderabad. He seen me on my way to the station to Agra ¢Á∞«xúø’ ÅØË Å®ΩnçûÓ.He has gone to Agra Q. If he had money, he could have paid to receive my uncle. in January this year ņúøç Ææ•-¶‰Ø√?(January Ramu. The above underline parts seem to be Å®·§Ú-®·-† -ûª-®√yûª) Observe the difference If he had money, he would have paid to ÅE ¢√-úÌî√a?

between a) and b) below. a) It has happened this month. b) It happened in the first week of this month. Do you see the difference? sentence (a) talks of an action of this month at no specified time- so the tense is present perfect. Sentence (b) talks of an action at a specified time ( I week of this month - I week's past), so the tense is past simple. a) They have done it three times this century. b) They did it three times in the first half of this century.

鬕öÀd this ÅE Ö†oçûª ´÷vû√† present perfect ¢√úøôç ÆæJ-é¬ü¿’. Time specify îËÊÆh past simple ¢√úøû√ç.

Ramu.

Ñ È®çúø’ ¢√é¬u-©èπ◊ ûËú≈ ûÁL-ߪ’-ñ‰-ߪ’-í∫-©®Ω’. A. Ñ È®çúø’ sentences ÆæÈ®j-†N 鬴¤. Correct form of the sentences: 1. If he had had the money, he would have paid to Ramu.

(ÅûªúÕ ü¿í∫_®Ω úø•’s ÖçúÕ Öçõ‰, ®√´·èπ◊ îÁLxç-îË-¢√úË.)

2. If he had had the money, he could have paid Ramu.

(ÅûªúÕ ü¿í∫_®Ω úø•’s ÖçúÕ Öçõ‰ ®√´·èπ◊ îÁLxç-îª-í∫-L-Íí-¢√úË.)

S. Rechana Arshia, Joharapuram. Q.

éÀçC ¢√é¬u™x bold îËÆœ† °æü∆-©èπ◊ Å®√n©’ àN’öÀ?

1) Be but advised and I'll send you there.

unusual. Generally we use present/ past participle forms as adjectives and nouns. If we use them as verbs in our sentences, they should come after helping verbs ( be / have forms). But you used them as verbs without helping verbs. I think this is not proper way using the participles. Please clear my doubt and give lessons on the topic of infinitives (continuous, perfect infinitives).

A. ....... had seen you going somewhere. Your point here is that 'going' being a present participle, should be used as a noun/ adjective or, if it is used as a verb, it should have a helping verb before it. You are right, of

He paused the tape recorder tape recorder

†’ Ç-§ƒ-úø’. Çí∫úøç – Intransitive. He paused in his speech - Ö°æ-Ø√uÆæç ÉÆæ’h-†o°æ¤púø’ é¬ÊÆ°æ¤ Çí¬úø’ – intransitive. Q. Idioms °j °æô’d ≤ƒCµç-î √-©çõ‰ ᙫçöÀ °æ¤Ææhéπç îªü¿¢√L? Idioms dictionary éÌçõ‰ Åçü¿’™ -¢Ë-©idioms Öçö«®·. Eûªuç Ö°æ-ßÁ÷-TçîË Idioms éÓÆæç à °æ¤Ææhéπç ´’ç*C? A. Mcmordie's book of Idioms -îª-ü¿-´çúÕ. Éçü¿’™ daily life ™ ¢√úË idioms í∫’Jç* î√-™« N´-®Ωçí¬ ÖçC. Pause =

Spoken English -§ƒ-ûª -¢√u≤ƒ-©éÓÆæç -éÀxé˙ -îË-ߪ’ç-úÕ.. URL: http://www.eenadu.net/spoken/spoken.htm

-´’çí∫-∞¡-¢√®Ωç 7 - ÅéÓd-•®Ω’ 2008

Ñ-Ø√-úø’ £j«-ü¿®√-¶«-ü˛

P.L.N.Rao, Warangal Q.

large = area conversational Q. Put on, wear, dress A. i) Put on =

¢Áj¨»-©uç™,

Ñ Æœ©-•Æˇ É°æp-öÀÍé °æ‹Jh 鬢√L. é¬F, 鬙‰ü¿’. -Ñ -¢√éπuç ÉçTx-≠ˇ™ îÁ°æpçúÕ.

A.The syllabus should have been finished by now, but I haven't finished it. Q. Wanted Marketing Executives Verb Form. Wanted present, past, p.p. verb? A. Wanted - Past Participle Q. Instruction Booklet supplied with application form Future Instruction Booklet supplied Past doing Verb A. Instruction Booklet supplied with the application form = Instruction booklet will be supplied with ....... supplied, will be supplied past participle

Åçûª

ûÌúø’-éÓ\-´úøç/ ¢ËÆæ’-éÓ-´úøç •ßª’ôèπ◊ ¢Á∞Ïx-ô-°æ¤púø’, àüÁjØ√ Ææçü¿-®√s¥-EéÀ, ≤ƒo†ç ´Èíj®√ ûª®√yûª ü¿’Ææ’h©’ ¢ËÆæ’-éÓ-´úøç,

put on. ii) Wear He wears white always/ He wears spects/ a watch, etc. iii) Dress = 1) self/ selves add He dresses himself in lalchi and pyjamas =

ÉC à

ÅØËC

´÷´‚-©’í¬ üµ¿Jç-îªúøç.

™ à

üµ¿Jç-îªúøç – DEéÀ – îËߪ÷L. Åûªúø’ ™«Ma °jï´÷ üµ¿J≤ƒhúø’. Dress = 2) ü¿’Ææ’h©’ – Çúø-¢√J, °œ©x© ü¿’Ææ’h©’. ´’í∫-¢√J ü¿’Ææ’h©†’ dress ņç. clothes Åçö«ç.

ÅE Ê°°æ®Óx Éî√a®Ω’. ÉC †’ Ææ÷*Ææ÷h îÁ§ƒp®Ω’. ´’J ÅØËC éπü∆. ûÁ©-°æçúÕ?

Åçõ‰,

¶µ«í∫ç,

™

í¬.

T.Siva, Nandikotkur. Q.

Q. A. Q. A.

éÀçC-¢√öÀ Å®Ωn ¶µ‰ü∆-©†’ Öü∆-£æ«-®Ω-ù© ü∆y®√ N¨¡-ü¿-°æ-®Ω-îªçúÕ.

Cool, Cold Cold = A. Cool = Q. Go to bed, sleep A. Go to bed = sleep =

xE;

™ °ü¿l.large, big é¬ü¿’.

Round, around Round = around Over, above i) over = above. His office is the small room above/ over the fancy shop = Fancy office. The picture hanging on the wall is above/ over the table.

äéπ-ü∆-E-°j†/ äéπ-ü∆-E-éπçõ‰ áûª’h† Ö†o ÅØË Å®ΩnçûÓ,

2

éπE ü∆E ´·çü¿’ 'a' ¢√úøç. So, Scissors are a useful instrument, correct. A pair of scissors Pair, singular, So a pair of scissors is... Q. a) Deduct in form A. b) Merge into, with a) Deduct from - correct b) Merge into, merge with correct. i) All the smaller banks in the area merged with the larger bank.

äéπ ÅØËç-ü¿’èπ◊,

Åçö«ç.

ûª®Ω’-¢√ûª ûª®Ω’-¢√ûª

äéπ word (´÷ô™) Ææyûªç-vûªçí¬ Ö-îªa ¥-Jç-îª-í∫© ¨¡¶«lEo syllable Åçö«ç. Sentence ÅØË ´÷ô sen, tense ÅØË È®çúø’ ¨¡¶«l© éπ©-®·éπ. 鬕öÀd sentence ÅØË ´÷ô™ sen, tense ÅØË È®çúø’ syllables ÖØ√o-ߪ’†o ´÷ô. Disyllabic = A word of two syllables (eg. sentence) Trisyllabic = A word of 3 syllables. eg: construction - con struc tion.

(äéπ-ü∆-EûÓ äéπöÀ

éπLÆœ§Ú´úøç) ii) All colours merge into white

(äéπ ü∆E™

Q.

éÀçC- -¢√é¬u-EéÀ ûÁ©’-í∫’™ Å®Ωnç ûÁ©’-°æ-í∫-©®Ω’. The wicked foursome considered the arrival of Lord Krishna ominous.

A.

Ç ü¿’≠æd îªûª’-≠dß æ ª’ç éπ%≠æflgúÕ ®√éπ†’ ü¿’¨¡z-èπ◊-†çí¬/ îÁúø’E Ææ÷*ç-îË-Cí¬ Å†’-èπ◊-Ø√o®Ω’. Omen = ¨¡èπ◊†ç. Ominous = ü¿’¨¡z-èπ◊†çí¬ Ö†o. Q.

-Ççí∫x-¶µ«-≠æ-ù 505

´’†ç Æ洒ߪ’ç í∫’Jç* îÁÊ°p-ô-°æ¤púø’ A.M., P.M. ©’ ¢√úøû√ç. ᙫ ¢√ú≈L? ÅÆæ©’ °æ‹Jh Å®√n©’ àN’ö îÁ°æpçúÕ?

Q.

NM-†-´’-´úøç)

éÌô’d °j† Ö†o *†o í∫C

Evü¿èπ◊ Ö°ævéπ-N’ç-îªúøç, EvCç-îªúøç (Evü¿™ Öçúøôç)

A.

©™ àC ®√¢√L? ©™ àC ®√¢√L?

È®çúø÷

ÅûªúÕ

îªLí¬

éπûÁh®Ω

Gandhi was whiter than white which few others before and after him have been.

A. AM -

®√vA 12.01 †’ç* ´’üµ∆u£æ«oç 12.00 ´®Ωèπ◊. PM - ´’üµ∆u£æ«oç 12.01 †’ç* ®√vA 12.00 ´®Ωèπ◊. Spoken English™ AM, PM ¢√úøç.

AM = Ante Meridiem PM = Post Meridiem Q. Conditional clauses (If clauses)

ûÁL-ߪ’-ñ‰-ߪ’çúÕ? ¢√úøôç èπÿú≈?

All colours mer ge into white

Q. Begin, commence, start A. Begin = commence = start. infinitive (to + 1st RDW)/... Begin ing form/ noun Start + noun/... ing Start + infinitive Commence Q. Ago, back, before A. Ago - Two days ago = back

ûª®√yûª

Jç-îªí∫©®Ω’.

Å®·ûË äéπ-¢Áj°æ¤ †’ç* ÉçéÓ ¢Áj°æ¤-†èπ◊ ÅØË Å®ΩnçûÓ over ´÷vûª¢Ë’ ¢√úøû√ç. The mob jumped over the wall = Ç ´‚éπ íÓúø ü¿÷éÀçC. ii) Above = over = äéπ ≤ƒn®·éÀ N’ç*†/ äéπ-≤ƒn®· éπçõ‰ áèπ◊\´.

¢√úø-´îª’a; áèπ◊\-´í¬ ¢√úø-û√®Ω’; Åçûª ÆæJ-é¬ü¿’. §ƒçúÕûªuç/ ví¬çC∑éπç.

´·çü¿’/ véÀûªç ®ÓV© véÀûªç – Ñ Å®ΩnçûÓ ÆæJ-é¬ü¿’.

È®çúø’ ¢√úøôç

He came here two days ago (correct) He came here two days back (wrong) He came here two days before(wrong) = Before. i) He had given me the book before I asked for it =

äéπ Ææç°∂æ’-ô†, Ææ´’-ߪ÷-EéÀ ´·çü¿’

؈’ Åúøí∫éπ ´·çüË Ø√èπ◊ Åûªúø’ Ç °æ¤Ææhéπç Éî√aúø’.

ii) That was before the Independence =

ÅC ≤ƒyûªç-vû√u-EéÀ ´·çü¿’. Q. far, long, distant A. far = How far is Delhi from Agra? =

úµÕMx Çví¬ †’ç* áçûª ü¿÷®Ωç? Agra is not far from Delhi = úµÕMx †’ç* Çví¬ ü¿÷®Ω¢Ë’ç é¬ü¿’. îª÷¨»®Ω’ éπü∆? Questions ™†÷, ü¿÷®Ωç é¬ü¿’ ÅØË Å®ΩnçûÓ not ûÓ far †’ ¢√úøû√ç. Far offÅØË phrase ™†÷ ¢√úøû√ç. ÅçûË-é¬F, Hyderabad is far from Delhi - ÅE Öûªh far †’ not ™‰èπ◊çú≈ (ü¿÷®Ωç ÅØË Å®ΩnçûÓ) ¢√úøç. ü¿÷®Ωç ÅØËç-ü¿’èπ◊ distant/ a long way off/ a long way from (a place) Åçö«ç. Long = ´Ææ’h-´¤©’ (éπv®Ω-™«xç-öÀN)/ éπü∑¿©’/ *vû√©’ ™«çöÀN – §Òúø-¢Áj†. ´’†™ î√™«-´’çC long †’ ü¿÷®Ωç ÅØË Å®ΩnçûÓ ¢√úø’-ûª’ç-ö«®Ω’ ÅC ÆæJ-é¬ü¿’. Q. Speak, talk A. Speak, talk 305-310) Q. Also, too A.

ÉC Éçûª-èπ◊-´·çü¿’ lesson (No ™ N´-Jçî√ç, îª÷úøçúÕ.

ÉC Éçûª-èπ◊-´·çü¿’ î√™« N´-®Ωçí¬ 2, 3 ≤ƒ®Ω’x -ûÁ-L-ߪ’-ñ‰-¨»ç. §ƒûª lessons îª÷úø-í∫-©®Ω’. Åúø’-í∫’- ¶µ«í∫ç; ´‚©ç. Çüµ∆®Ωç. °æJ-´÷-ùç, v§ƒ´·-êuç™ °ü¿l

A.

a) The plane is flying at 30000 ft. above the ground =

ii) We waited over (for more than) two hours. iii) It costs over Rs.2000/iv) There are over 30 students in the class. Q. Under, below A. Under = below. under

°æ¤púø’ – ü¿÷®Ω-ü¿-®Ωz-Ø˛™ v≤Ú\™¸ O’ü¿ – Who will win ÅE Éî√a®Ω’. ÉC ÆæÈ®j-ç-üËØ√? ü¿í∫_J ¶µºN-≠æu-ûª’h™ ïJÍí N≠æ-ߪ÷©’ îÁÊ°p-ô-°æ¤púø’ Simple Present ™ îÁ§ƒpL éπü∆? Åçõ‰ Who win the match ÅE Öçú≈L éπü∆? Ñ ÆæçüË-£æ…Eo B®ΩaçúÕ.

the match

A.

Å®·ûË Åçõ‰ äéπ-ü∆E éÀçü¿ ÅE é¬F, äéπ ü∆EûÓ éπ°œp ÅE-é¬F ¢√úøû√ç.

i) The box is under the table. ii) The book was under the files. Below

Åçõ‰ äéπ ü∆EéÀ ¶«í¬ Cí∫’-´† Ö†o (¶«í¬ éÀçü¿í¬ Ö†o) ÅØË Å®ΩnçûÓ ¢√úøû√ç. While he stood on the roof she stood below on the road Road Q. What, which A. What = Which = What book do you want? =

éÀçü¿ Ö†o

Åûªúø’ éπ°æ¤p-°j† E©-•-úø’çõ‰, Ç¢Á’ O’ü¿ E©-•-úÕçC.

àC/ àç/ à? Ö†o ¢√öÀ™x àC?

FÍé

°æ¤Ææhéπç

鬢√L? Which book do you want?=

(äéπ-îÓô Ö†o °æ¤Ææh-

A.

鬙x) FÍé °æ¤Ææhéπç 鬢√L? Q. Near, near by, near to A. Near = He lives near the College. The College is next to the park. He lives somewhere nearby = College. Park

ü¿í∫_-È®j†/ ü¿í∫_-®Ωí¬ Ö†o

°æéπ\† ü¿í∫_-®Ωí¬ Öçö«úø’.

Q.

Åûª-ØÁ-éπ\úÓ Åéπ\-úÕéÀ

éÀçC-¢√-öÀ™ àC éπÈ®éÓd ûÁ©’-°æ-í∫-©®Ω’.

a) A scissors is a useful instrument b) A scissors are a useful instrument A. Scissors plural.

È®çúø÷ é¬ü¿’.

á°æ¤púø÷

Q.

Åçü¿’-

ÆæÈ®j-çüË. ü¿í∫_J ¶µºN-≠æu-û˝™ ïJÍí N≠æ-ߪ÷©’ á°æ¤púø’ ï®Ω’-í∫’-û√ßÁ÷ éπ*aûªçí¬ Time ûÁL-ÊÆhØË, simple present ¢√úøû√ç. He comes here next week. Ééπ\úø next week ÅE time éπ*aûªçí¬ ûÁ©’≤ÚhçC 鬕öÀd, comes Ééπ\úø correct. Time ûÁL-ߪ’-†-°æ¤púø’ will/ shall ÅØËN éπÈ®èπ◊d. R. Sangam Naidu, Kovvur.

Q.

A. Conditional Clauses lessons

èπ◊ §ƒûª îª÷úøçúÕ. î√™«-≤ƒ®Ω’x N´Jçî√ç.

Q.

´’†ç ´’† Ææ綵«-≠æ-ù™x ≤ƒüµ∆-®Ω-ùçí¬ O.K. ÅØË °æü¿ç ¢√úøû√ç. ÅÆæ©’ O.K. Åçõ‰ àN’öÀ?ü∆E °æ¤ô’d-°æ‹-®Óy-ûªh-®√-™‰-N’öÀ?

ûª†èπ◊ ´·çü¿÷, ûª®√yûª á´®Ω÷ N´-®Ωù Éçûª-´-®Ωèπ◊ Ææp≠ædçí¬ ™‰†çûª E®Ωt-©çí¬ í¬çDµ ÖØ√o®Ω’. ûÁA.LߪOK’Eèπ◊ N≠æÆæßÈ®ª’j†ç. éÌçûª -´’çC v°æ鬮Ωç American Ééπ\úø whiteèπ◊ Ææçü¿-®√s¥-†’-≤ƒ®Ωç Ol (all) Korekt (correct) (All ÅØË Å®ΩnçûÓ) ÅØË Å®·† Å®√nEo îÁ°æ¤p-éÓ-¢√-LqçüË. expressionèπ◊ abbreviation right ÅE. •£æ›¨» Ééπ\úø white = pure = E®Ωt- ´’J-éÌç-ûª-´’çC v°æ鬮Ωç Red Indian ¶µ«≠æ-™xE ©-¢Á’i† ÅØË¢Á÷. Å™« Å®·ûË sen- ´÷ô. -Å®·-ûË àO’ Ææp≠ædçí¬ ûÁL-ߪ’ü¿’. tenceèπ◊ Å®Ωnç °j -N-üµ¿çí¬ -Öç-ô’ç-C.

¶µº÷N’éÀ M.SURESAN 30000 Åúø’-í∫’© áûª’h† N´÷†ç áí∫’-®Ω’-ûÓçC. É™«çöÀ îÓôx over ®√ü¿’. Over†’ ´·êuçí¬ ´ßª’Ææ’/ ´u´Cµ/ Ææçêu/ úø•’s ™«çöÀ ¢√öÀûÓ A. Sathyanarayana, Hyderabad. ¢√úøû√ç. Q. ¶µ«®Ωû˝–§ƒéÀ-≤ƒn-Ø˛© ´’üµ¿u õ„Æˇd ´÷u’ ï®Ω’-í∫’-ûª’-†oi) He is over 18 and has the voting right.

ü¿÷®Ω-¢Á’i†

Q. Base, basis A. Base = basis = Q. Big, large A. i) Big =

ÆæN´-®Ωçí¬

ûÁ©’-í∫’-™ Å®Ωnç -N-´-

K.Manickyam, Chittoor.

éÀçC ¢√é¬u-©èπ◊ ûÁ©’í∫’ ņ’-¢√ü¿ç ûÁ©-°æç-úÕ Q. If he came, I would help him. A. Q. If you worked hard, you would get good marks. A. Q. The horse would kick, if you went near it. A.

¢√úø’ ®√úø’, ®√´úøç Åçô÷ ïJ-TûË.

†’´y éπ≠d°æ æúøôç Åçô÷ ïJ-TûË (ï®Ω-í∫ü¿’).

†’´¤y ü∆E ü¿í∫_®Ωèπ◊ ¢Á∞¡xúøç Åçô÷ ïJ-TûË (ÅC ï®Ω-í∫ü¿’).

Q. I would bring a toy for you if I went to the market. A. market

؈’ éπçô÷ ¢ÁRûË, (؈’ ¢Á∞Ïx °æJ-ÆœnA ™‰ü¿’). Ñ -¢√é¬u-™x If clauses-

1) 2) 3) 4)

If If If If

he came you worked hard you went near itI went to the market -

°æ¤®Ω’-≠æfl© Ê°®Ωxèπ◊ ´·çü¿’ Mr. Öçîªúøç ´’†èπ◊ ûÁLÆœçüË. ¢√®Ω’ N¢√-£œ«-ûª’©’ 鬴a, é¬éπ-§Ú-´îª’a. é¬F, OöÀ™x îÁÊ°pN ï®Ω-í∫-´¤.Æ‘Y© N≠æ-ߪ’ç™ N¢√-£œ«-ûª’-©èπ◊ Mrs. ÅE, N¢√£æ«ç ÉC ïJ-TûË sentence È®çúÓ ¶µ«í∫ç™ îÁÊ°pC é¬E ¢√JéÀ Miss. ÅE ¢√úøû√ç. áçü¿’-éπE? Æ‘Y©™ ï®Ω’-í∫’-ûª’çC. ÉD ï®Ω-í∫ü¿’. Åçõ‰ È®ç-úø÷ -ï®Ωí∫-´¤ N¢√-£œ«-ûª’-©èπ◊, èπ◊´÷-J-©èπ◊ äÍé °æü¿ç Ö°æ-ßÁ÷-Tç-îª- (Improbable)Å-E -Å®Ωnç ´î√a? ûÁ©-°æçúÕ? M. Peter Chowdary, Vizag.

°Rx ûª®√yûª ¶µº®Ωh ÉçöÀ Ê°®Ω’ ¶µ«®Ωu ÉçöÀ-Ê°-®Ω’í¬ ´÷®Ωúøç Ææçv°æü∆ߪ’ç Åçü¿’´©x, N¢√-£œ«-ûª’-©èπ◊ Mrs, ÅN-¢√-£œ«-ûª’-©èπ◊ Miss ņúøç ¢√úø’-éπ®·uçC. Å®·ûË Ñ ®ÓV™x °∞¡x-®·† Æ‘Y©’ èπÿú≈ ¢√J ¶µº®Ωh ÉçöÀ-Ê°-®Ω’ûÓ °œ-L°œç--éÓ-´úøç É≠ædç-™‰-éπ-§Ú-®·Ø√, °∞¡x®·çC ÅE ûÁ©’°æúøç É≠ædç ™‰éπ-§Ú-®·Ø√, ¢√∞¡x Ê°®Ωx ´·çü¿’ Miss ÅE °ô’d-èπ◊ç-ô’-Ø√o®Ω’. É™«çöÀ Ææçü¿-®√s¥™x Miss ÅE °æ‹Jhí¬ ®√ߪ’-èπ◊çú≈ Ms ÅE ®√≤ƒh®Ω’.

Q. Year by year. year after year.

Ñ È®çúø’ ¢√é¬u© ´’-üµ¿u ûËú≈ àN’öÀ? OöÀE ᙫ Ö°æ-ßÁ÷-Tç-î√™ Öü∆-£æ«-®Ω-ù-©ûÓ N´-Jç-îª-í∫-©®Ω’. A. Year by year - Ææç´-ûªq®Ω, Ææç´-ûªq-®√-EéÀ/ àú≈-C-Íé-ú≈-CéÃ, Year after year = à∞¡x ûª®Ω-•úÕ His income grew year by year = àú≈-C-Íé-ú≈-CéÀ ÅûªúÕ Ææ秃-ü¿† °J-TçC.

syllable) Mono syllabic, Di syllabic, Tri syllabic words

Year after year he hoped that his son would return =

Åçõ‰ àN’öÀ? N´-Jç-îªçúÕ?

ÇPçî√úø’.

Æœ©-•™¸ (

Åçõ‰ àN’öÀ? Éçü¿’™ ´’Sx

à∞¡x ûª®Ω-•úÕ Åûªúø’ ûª† éÌúø’èπ◊ ®√éπ†’

Spoken English -§ƒ-ûª -¢√u≤ƒ-©éÓÆæç -éÀxé˙ -îË-ߪ’ç-úÕ.. URL: http://www.eenadu.net/spoken/spoken.htm

-í∫’®Ω’¢√®Ωç 9 - ÅéÓd-•®Ω’ 2008

Ñ-Ø√-úø’ £j«-ü¿®√-¶«-ü˛

2

K.SambasivaRao, Anantapuram Q. Co-relative conjunctions

Åçõ‰ àN’öÀ? ¢√öÀE ÖüΔ-£æ«-®Ω-ù-©ûÓ N´-Jç-îªçúÕ. A. ïûª-©’í¬ ´îËa conjunctions, correlative conjunctions ÅN: a) Both... and

b) Either ... or c) Just as... so

d) Neither ... nor e) Not only... but also f) Whether...or

¶μº®Ωhçõ‰ Ç¢Á’ ¶μºßª’-°æ-úø’-ûª’çC. Åûª-úÕE áü¿’-®Ì\ØË üμÁj®Ωuç Ç¢Á’èπ◊ ™‰ü¿’. b) Frightened= Åéπ-≤ƒt-ûª’hí¬ ¶μºßª÷-EéÃ, Cví∫s¥-´’èπ◊ í∫’Jé¬-´-úøç. She was frightened at the right of the robber with a gun=

ûª’§ƒ-éÀûÓ Ö†o Ç -üÌçí∫-†’ îª÷úø-í¬ØË Ç¢Á’èπ◊ ¶μºßª’ç °æ¤öÀdçC. (Åéπ-≤ƒt-ûª’hí¬, Cví∫s¥-´’ûÓ) c) Terrify = ¶μºßª’çûÓ ´ù’èπÿ, Bv´-¢Á’i† ¶«üμ¿ éπ-L-Tç-îª-úøç.

conjunctions words phrases (groups of words without verbs) clauses (groups of words with verbs)

ÉN Éûª®Ω

™«í¬ØË

û√®·.

†’, The memory of the maoist gunning down the vil†’ lagers terrifies her even today = ´÷¢Ó-®·Ææ’d Ç †’ éπ©’-°æ¤- ví¬´’-Ææ’n-©†’ é¬La îªç°œ† -ñ«c°æ-鬩’ ¶μºßª’çûÓ Ç¢Á’™ ´ù’èπÿ, ¶«üμ¿ °æ¤öÀd-Ææ’h-Ø√o®·.

a) Both Rama and Krishna are the avatars of Vishnu.

(®√--´·-úø’, éπ%-≠æflg-úø’ Éü¿l®Ω÷ èπÿú≈ -N-≠æflg-´¤ Å-´-û√®Ω-¢Ë’) b) Either coming here or calling him makes no difference = phone

Ééπ\-úÕéÀ ®√´--úøçé¬F, ¢√úÕéÀ îËߪ’-úøç-é¬F È®çúø÷ äéπõ‰. (ÅC-é¬F, ÉC-é¬F, Åûª-úø’-é¬F, Éûªúø’ é¬F)

A. Sudhakar, Biknur. Q. Structural word, content word

Åçõ‰ àN’öÀ? Ææç¶μ«-≠æ-ù™ ®Ωîª-†™ ¶μ«¢√Eo

A. Content Words-Nouns, Verbs, Adjectives and adverbs.

ûÁLÊ° ´÷ô©’ ÉN ™‰éπ-§ÚûË

¶μ«´ç -ûÁ-L-ߪ’-ü¿’ éπüΔ? Structural Words: ¢√éπu E®√t-ù«-EéÀ (sentence structure èπ◊) Å´-Ææ-®Ω-´’ßË’u ´÷ô©’ -

c) Just as you talk back when you are offended, so will your son when he is offended =

Articles (a/an and the), Prepositions (on, in, into, at, etc), conjunctions (and, but, etc,) determines (any, each, some, etc.)

Fèπ◊ éÓ°æç ´ÊÆh †’´¤y áü¿’®Ω’ îÁ°œp-†ô’x, F éÌúø’èπ◊ èπÿú≈ ¢√úÕéÀ éÓ°æç ´*a-†-°æ¤púø’ -Fèπ◊ -á-ü¿’®Ω’ îÁ•’-û√úø’.

d) Neither he nor his brother is honest =

Å- -ûª-úø÷ Eñ«--ߪ’-B-°æ-®Ω’úø’ é¬-úø’, Å-ûª-úÕ ûª´·túø÷ é¬úø’. (È®çúÕç-öx àD ™‰ü¿’, Éü¿lJ™ á´®Ω÷ ™‰®Ω’) e) Not only but also = ÅüËé¬éπ, ÉC èπÿú≈. Not only time, but also troubles others =

¢√úÕ Æ洒ߪ’ç ´%ü∑Δ îËÆæ’-éÓ-´-úø¢Ë’ é¬èπ◊çú≈, Éûª-®Ω’-©†÷ É•sç-C-°-úøû√úø’. f) Whether... or = Å´¤Ø√ é¬üΔ. I don't know whether he will come or not/ I don't know whether or not he will come here. whether

•ü¿’©’

'if'

¢√úø-´îª’a.

Y.V. Srilakshmi, Bommanampadu. Q. Polite forms

™ suggestion èπ◊ Advise èπ◊ Ö†o ûËú≈-©†’ N´-Jç-îª-í∫-©®Ω’. È®çúÕçöÀ Å®Ωnç äéπõ‰ éπüΔ. Usage ™ à¢Á’iØ√ ´÷®Ω’p ÖçüΔ? Å™«Íí, fear, frightened, terrified, afraid ©èπ◊ Ö†o ûËú≈-©†’ N´-Jç-îªç-úÕ. A. 1) Polite forms Åçõ‰ ´’®√u-ü¿†’ ûÁLÊ° words, model verbs. would, could ûÓ question forms ™ ´îËa sentences/ expressions a) Could you explain this again? b) Would you wait for a minute?

É™«ç-öÀN. Oô-Eoç-öÀE èπÿú≈ î√™« N´-®Ωçí¬ §ƒûª lessons ™ Éî√aç îª÷úøçúÕ. 2) Advise Åçõ‰ Ææ©£æ… É´yúøç. I advise you to buy the book and read it.

(Ç °æ¤Ææhéπç éÌE îªü¿-´-´’E ؈’ Ææ©£æ… ÉÆæ’h-Ø√o†’.) Suggestion - Åçõ‰ Ææ÷. suggest Åçõ‰ Ææ÷*çîªúøç– ÉC advise Åçûª •©çí¬ îÁ°æp-úøç é¬ü¿’. Ç °æEîËÊÆh ¶«í∫’ç-ô’ç-üË¢Á÷?– ÉC suggest îËߪ’-úøç. Ç °æE îË®· †’´¤y, Fèπ◊ ´’ç*C– ÉN advising. I advise you to stop smoking.

(Æœí∫-È®ö¸ ´÷†’éÓ.) I suggest that you stop smoking.

(†’´¤y Æœí∫-È®ö¸ ´÷†-úøç ´’ç*C.) You do it/ you had better do it/ why don't you do it?

É´Fo

Q.

NüΔuJn

prose/ poetry

üΔy®√

A. I don't utter a word against others, nor do I take a word. Q.

'°œôd éÌçîÁç, èπÿûª °∂æ’†ç— Å®√n-EoîËa ÉçTx≠ˇ ñ«Bߪ’ç àüÁjØ√ Öçõ‰ îÁ°æpçúÕ?

A. Appearances are deceptive-

(Ç鬮Ωç -´-©x Ææy¶μ«´ç ûÁ-L-ߪ’-ü¿’) Q. ÉçTx-≠ˇ™  á©’xç-úÕE 'Day after day' Åçö«®√? ™‰üΔ Tomorrow next day Åçö«®√? àC éπÈ®èπ◊d? A. The day after tomorrow Åçö«ç. Day after day = ®ÓV© ûª®Ω-•úÕ tomorrow next day ûª°æ¤p-.

KSR, Marture. Q.

îªü¿’´¤ ÆæçüμΔu ®√E ¢√úÕéÀ ãô’-£æ«èπ◊\ ü˨»-EéÀ °†’´·°æ¤p. îªü¿’´¤ ÆæçüμΔu ®√E¢√úÕéÀ -©-Gμç-îË °æü¿N ü˨»-EéÀ éÌJN. Ñ ´÷ôLo ÉçTx-≠ˇ™ ᙫ îÁ§ƒpL?

A. Voting right for the illiterate is a disaster to the country. An office for the illiterate is the nation's ruin.

Anil, ponnur.

Q. Being lost his wife. Having lost his wife.

Ñ ´‚úø’ ¢√é¬u-©†’ ÉçTx-≠ˇ™ îÁ°æp-í∫-©®Ω’. †’´¤y Ø√ •®˝húË §ƒKdéÀ -Ç£æ…y-Eç-îª-•-ú≈f´¤.

Q.

A. You have been invited to... Q.

Ñ È®çúø’ ¢√é¬u-©èπ◊ Å®Ωnç äéπ-õ‰Ø√? ûª°æ¤p.

A. Being lost his wife -

Having lost his wife. correct -

†’´¤y Ø√ •®˝húË §ƒKdéÀ Ç£æ…y-Eç-îª-•-úø’-ûª’-Ø√o´¤.

A. You are being invited to... Q.

†’´¤y Ø√ •®˝húË §ƒKdéÀ Ç£æ…y-Eç-îª-•-úø-û√´¤

-Ççí∫x-¶μ«-≠æ-ù 506

Q.

¶μ«®Ωu §Ú´--úøçûÓ/ §Ú´--úøç-´-©x Ñ úø•’s ´÷ Ø√-†o-èπ◊ -É-îËa≤ƒh.

A. You will be invited to...

A. I'll give the money to my father.

Q.Could I leave the school a little early?

Q

°∂‘V éπöÀd ´≤ƒh?

A. I'll pay the fees and come

DEéÀ ûÁ©’í∫’ Å®Ωnç îÁ°æpçúÕ?

Her eyes ar e as blue as flowers

does he waste his

É™«çöÀ îÓôx

sentences

ÉçTx≠ˇ™ ᙫ °æ©é¬L?

advise.

How about/ what about doing it? If I were you, I would/ wouldn't do itsuggestions.

É´Fo

3) Fear =

¶μºßª’-°æ-úøôç – ´·êuçí¬ üμÁj®√uEo éÓ™p-´-úøç

a) She fears her husband =

Q.

´÷ Ø√†o†’ °œL-îÌ≤ƒh.

A. I'll call my father and come

Q. à ®ÓV îÁ°œp† §ƒ®∏Ωç Ç ®Óñ‰ îªü¿-´-´’E îÁ°æ¤hØ√o†’. é¬F O’®Ω’ îªü¿-´úøç ví∫£œ«ç-îª-´-©-Æ œ† ´·êu-N-≠æ-ߪ÷©’ ™‰ ü ¿ ’ . N’´’tLo àç îË ß ª ÷ ™ îÁ°æpçúÕ?– DEo ÉçTx-≠ˇ™ A. é¬Ææh ûªy®Ωí¬ (´÷´‚-©’-éπØ√o) ؈’ -¢ÁàN’öÀ? ᙫ °æ © é ¬™ îÁ ° æ p çúÕ ? ∞Ôxî√a school †’ç*? (´’®√u-ü¿í¬ perÖ§ƒ-üμΔu-ߪ·úø’ §ƒ®∏Ωç ´·Tç-*† ûª®Ω’A. I tell you to learn a lesson the day it is taught, mission Åúø-í∫-úøç) ¢√ûª NüΔu-®Ω’l¥-©ûÓ v§ƒéÃdÆˇ îË®·ç-î√-Lq† but you don't do it. What shall I do with you? Q. At all, after all, by now í∫’Jç* N´°æü¿l¥-ûª’-©†’ ûÁ©-°æç-úÕ. Q. ؈’ -´-*a-†ç-ü¿’èπ◊ -Å-ûª-úø’ éÓ°æp-ú≈fúø’. Jç* äéπ ÖüΔ-£æ«-®Ωù É´yçúÕ. A. Prose üΔy®√ Vocabulary (meaning A. He was angry because I had come. A. At all = ÅÆæ©’. He didn't like the and use of words), sentence conQ. Ç鬨¡ç ÉçûªvéÀûªç ´®Ωèπ◊ ûÁ©xí¬ ÖçC. äéπ\-≤ƒ-Jí¬ movie at all = Åûª ú Õ é ¬ Æœ E ´÷ ÅÆæ © ’ M.SURESAN struction, expressing an idea in difáv®Ω-•-úÕçC. é¬éÀ-™„-éπ\©’, Æœç£æ…-´-™-éπ†ç .. OöÀE no/ not ûÓ ¢√-úø-û√ç) †îª a ™ ‰ ü ¿ ’ . (áèπ ◊ \´ í¬ ferent ways, and writing skill (®ΩîªØ√ ØÁj°æ¤ùuç). ÉçTx-≠ˇ™ ᙫ îÁ§ƒh®Ω’? After all = Éçûª-îËÆ ‘ After all the trouble I have Poetry ´©x Ü£æ…-¨¡éÀh, ÅC ´uéπh-°æ-JîË Nüμ¿ç, A. Till a short while ago the sky has been white, taken, I have got only one hundred rupees = Vocabulary ´®Ωg-Ø√-¨¡éÀh ™«çöÀN °ç§Òç-Cç--éÓand it has turned red suddenly. ØËEçûª éπ≠d-°æ æú≈f Ø√éÌ-*açC ´çü¿ ®Ω÷§ƒ-ߪ÷™‰. ´îª’a. Guess/ Guess work / Unreliable figures, After all, how much money you have is Q. -à-¢Áj-Ø√ éÌEo -´’ç-* Novels Ê°®Ω’x îÁ°æpçúÕ. Revision. important, not how you got it àüË-¢Á’iØ√ Fü¿-í∫_A. éÌEo Novels Åçõ‰ à ÖüËl-¨»-EéÀ? á´-JéÀ? NüΔu-®Ω’nÈ®çûª úø•’sç-ü¿-ØËC ´·êuç, †’¢Áy™« Ææ秃-Cç-î√-´-E- S. Narasimga Rao, Karimnagar. ©é¬? ¶üμ¿-èπ◊-©é¬? General reading é¬? ÅØË é¬ü¿’. Q. í∫ûªç™ Having í∫’Jç* ®√¨»®Ω’. àüÁjØ√ 鬮Ω-ù«-EéÀ üΔE-E -•öÀd Öçô’çC.By now = Ñ §ƒöÀéÀ èπÿú≈ Having ´Jh-Ææ’hçC éπüΔ? *†o-°œ-©x-©èπÿ, É°æ¤p-úÕ-°æ¤púË english™ v§ƒOùuç By now the programme should have started ÖüΔ: having met my friend I went away. äéπ Ææ秃-Cç--éÌç-ô’†o ¢√JéÀ, Short stories ûÓ = Ñ §ƒöÀ-éÀ/Ñ Ææ´’-ߪ÷-EéÀ 鬮Ωu-véπ´’ç v§ƒ®Ωç¶μºç ví¬´’®˝èπ◊ Ææç•ç-Cμç-*† °æ¤Ææh-éπç™ °j Nüμ¿çí¬ v§ƒ®Ωç-Gμç-îª-úøç ´’ç*C. OöÀéÀ RK Narayan, Åߪ·uç-ú≈-LqçC (Å´-™‰ü¿’). îª÷¨»†’. N´-Jç-îª-í∫-©®Ω’. -Ééπ\-úø ÉçTx≠ˇ ¢√é¬u-EéÀ Tagore, Raja Rao, Ruskin Bond, Mulkraj Q. That's what my family won't see. ûªT-†-ô’xí¬ ûÁ©’-í∫’™ Å®Ωnç ®√´-úøç-™‰ü¿’. Anand, Anitha Das ™«çöÀ ¶μ«®Ω-Bߪ’ ®Ωîª-®·-ûª© DEéÀ ûÁ©’í∫’ Å®Ωnç îÁ°æpç-úÕ. Ççí∫x ®Ωîª-†-©ûÓ v§ƒ®Ωç-Gμç-îªúøç ´’ç*C. English - ûÁ-©°æç-úÕ. A. ÅüË ´÷ èπ◊ô’ç•ç îª÷úø-EC/ Å®Ωnç îËÆæ’-éÓ-EC. îªçü¿-´÷´’ ¶«í¬ Ö°æ-ßÁ÷-í∫-°æ-úø’-ûª’çC. A. Å´¤†’. Having lost his wife, he felt lonely = Q. Her eyes are as blue as flowers. Q. She is a good girl. D-EéÀ simple sentence ÆæJ-§Ú¶μ«®Ωu §Ú´--úøç-´©x Åûª-úø’ äçô-J-ûª†ç ņ’-¶μº-N-Ææ’hA. Ç¢Á’ -éπ∞¡Ÿx °æ‹©çûª F©çí¬ Öçö«®·. (English ûª’çC éπüΔ. D-Eo- She is a girl and is good Ø√oúø’. ¢√∞¡xèπ◊ blue eyes É≠ædç) (compound), She is a girl who is good (comHaving walked all the distance, I feel tired = Q. Some words in the story that you may not plex) ™éÀ ´÷®√a-Lq† 鬮Ω-ù«Eo ûÁ©-°æçúÕ. ÅEo Åçûª-ü¿÷®Ωç †úø-´-úøç-´©x Ø√èπ◊ Å©-Ææ-ôí¬ ÖçC. know. Ééπ\úø that Åçõ‰ àN’öÀ? ¢√é¬u© meaning, context äéπ\õ‰ éπüΔ? ÉC practice (talking practice) ´©x- ´-Ææ’hçC. A. That you may not know = Ééπ\úø that èπ◊ A. Å™« ´÷®√a-Lq† Å´-Ææ®Ωç ™‰ü¿’. ´’†ç áçûª Ææ’©Å®Ωnç, which ÅE (à ´÷ô-™„jûË Féπ®Ωnç é¬-¢Ó ¶μºçí¬ Å®Ωl¥-´’-ßË’ô’x ´÷ö«x-ú≈L, ®√ߪ÷L ÅØËC ´’†Ch. Raghukiran, Nagavaram. ÅE) Ææ’™ Öç-èπ◊çõ‰ ´’†èπ◊ áô’-´çöÀ sentence OöÀE ûÁ©’-í∫’-™éÀ ņ’-´-Cç-îªçúÕ. ¢√ú≈™ ÅüË ûÁ©’-Ææ’hçC. O’J-*a† example, Q. This exercise can be done as many times Q. DE°j Ææçûªéπç îËߪ’úøç ´©x ûª´’èπ◊ †≠æd-¢Ë’O’ ™‰ü¿’. Grammar for the sake of grammar (¢√uéπ-®Ωùç as you like in a day. Ééπ\úø can be done A. You don't lose anything by signing here/ éÓÆæç ¢√uéπ-®Ωùç) Ŷμºu-Æ œç-îª-ö«-EéÀ ´÷vûª¢Ë’ Åçõ‰ àN’öÀ? you've nothing to lose if you sign here. Ö°æ-ßÁ÷í∫ç. A. Can be done = îËߪ’-•-úø-í∫-©´¤ (´÷´‚©’ Q. Ééπ\úø ¢√£æ«-Ø√©’ EL-°œûË O’Íé †≠ædç. ûÁ©’í∫’ – îËߪ’-í∫-©´¤) A. Lakshmi Narayana, Yellandu. A. If you park your vehicle here you will have Q. '؈’ èπÿú≈ îª÷úø-™‰ü¿’— ÅØË ¢√é¬uEo trouble. Q. '°æ¤vÈ®éÓ •’Cl¥ rel="nofollow">£æ«yéÓ ®Ω’*— ÅØË ¢√é¬u-EéÀ Ææ´÷† I also didn't see it. ÅØ√™«? Å®√n-EoîËa ÉçTx≠ˇ ñ«Bߪ’ç àüÁjØ√ ÖçüΔ? Q. Çߪ’† °æü¿-´¤© éÓÆæç úø•’s©’ ¢Áü¿-x ´uéÀh. I didn't also see it ÅØ√™«? A. Tastes differ as rivers differ (äéÓ\- †C äéÓ\ A. Money doesn't matter to him if only he can get I too didn't see it ÅØ√™«? -®Ω-éπçí¬ Ö†oô’d, äéÌ\-éπ\J ÅGμ-®Ω’* äéÓ\-®Ω-éπçí¬ an office. I didn't see it too. ÅØ√™«? îÁ°æpçúÕ. Öçô’çC/ ™éÓ-Gμ†o ®Ω’*”) Q. Ééπ\úø Ææçûªéπç °ô’d. Q. '؈’ Éûª-®Ω’-©†’ äéπ ´÷ô ņ†’. ´÷ô °æúø†’— A.I didn't see it too/ I didn't see it either. A. Sign here

Spoken English -§ƒ-ûª -¢√u≤ƒ-©éÓÆæç -éÀxé˙ -îË-ߪ’ç-úÕ.. URL: http://www.eenadu.net/spoken/spoken.htm

-eÇ-C¢√®Ωç 12- ÅéÓd-•®Ω’ 2008

Ñ-Ø√-úø’ £j«-ü¿®√-¶«-ü˛

Ch.Raghukiran, Nagavaram (Nizamabad)

A. Throughout - from the beginning to the end: The hero is seen throughout the movie =

Q.

Ç ÆœE´÷ Åçû√ (¢Á·ü¿©’ †’ç* *´®Ω ´®Ωèπ◊) £‘«®Ó éπE-°œ-≤ƒhúø’.

éÀç-C -¢√é¬u-©-†’ Éç-Tx-≠ˇ-™ -ûÁ-©’°æ í∫-©®Ω’.
Ñ ®ÓV ≤ƒ´÷†’ é̆’-éÓ\-¢√L= -

Throughout the movie my favourite place is (throughout)... my favourite place

I've to make some purchases today.





Ç ûª®√yûª èπ◊ Å®Ωnç Ééπ\úø ÆæJ-§Ú-´úøç ™‰ü¿’.

Q. Came into being

Ñ ®ÓV ßÁ÷í¬ ûª°æp-èπ◊çú≈ îËߪ÷L = A. Came into being =

I must do yoga today.


= ÆœE´÷ ¢Á·ûªhç

ÖEéÀ™éÀ ®√´úøç/ Öçúøôç

Ø√èπ◊ ¶„jé˙ éÌØËçûª ≤ƒ´’®Ωn uç(úø•’s) ™‰ü¿’ =

v§ƒ®Ω綵ºç Å´úøç

I can't afford a bike

The Universe came into being several billion years ago

= î√™« ´çü¿© éÓôx à∞¡x éÀçü¿ô N¨¡yç ÖE-éÀ™éÀ ´*açC.

Ø√èπ◊ É©’x éÌØËçûª ≤ƒ´’®Ωn uç ™‰ü¿’ = I can't afford a house of my own.

Riaz Pasha, Warangal.

Q. I would rather they all would (please explain briefly again)

Q. What is the different between 'been and being'.

A. I'd rather they all would =

A. Been independent use Have, had, shall have, etc., 'be' forms form

èπ◊

™‰ü¿’.

¢√∞Ïx-°æE îËÊÆh/ Åçü¿’èπ◊ Ææ´’t-AÊÆh ¶«í∫’ç-ô’ç-ü¿E ņ’-èπ◊ç-ô’Ø√o. I'd rather = I prefer (؈’ É≠æd°æ-úøû√)

2

Nï-ߪ’-´ç-ûª-¢Á’i† Express Distribution

ÆæçÆæní¬ ®Ω÷§Òç-ü¿úøç. èπ◊ Å®ΩnçûÁ-©°æç-úÕ. A. Mission = ´’† ¶µºN≠æuûª’h†’ í∫’Jç* ´’†-èπ◊†o ü¿%¨»uEo Eïç îËÆæ’-èπ◊-ØËç-ü¿’èπ◊ ´’†ç ņ’-Ææ-Jç-î√-©-†’-èπ◊ØË ´÷®Ω_ç, Nüµ¿’©’.

Q. MISSION

Q. 1) To focus on customers loyalty & make it the goal of our organization. 2) To encourage our people for adoption of new technologies, processes and system for improved, reliable and speedy service. 3) To relentlessly monitor to reach a minimum net service level of 98% delivery. A. 1)

(´÷) ´’† ë«û√-ü∆-®Ω’© ÅGµ-´÷†ç §Òçü¿ôç ûÓ éπLÆœ †’ O’ü¿ ü¿%≠œd °ôdúøç, ü∆Eo ´’† ÆæçÆæn í∫´’uçí¬ îËÆæ’hçC. îËÆæ’-éÓ-´úøç. Being = Öçúøôç ´©x/ Öçúø-ôçûÓ Q. Are you a coffee free? 2) ¢Á’®Ω’-Èíj†, †´’t-éπ-¢Á’i†, Ææûªy®Ω ÊÆ´-©ç-Cç-îËç-ü¿’èπ◊, Being ill he can't move = ï•’sûÓ Öçúøôç ´©x/ A. Ñ group of words sentence é¬ü¿’, Å®Ωnç ™‰ü¿’. éÌûªh ≤ƒçÍé-Aéπ °æJ-ñ«c†ç, N†÷ûªo °æü¿l¥-ûª’©’ Å´Öçúø-ôçûÓ Åûªúø’ éπü¿-©-™‰úø’. 鬕öÀd •£æ›¨» O’®Ω’ îª÷Æœ† sentence, 'Are you ©ç--Gç-îË™« ´’† Æœ•sçCE §Úûªq-£œ«ç-îªúøç. Q. Do you came? and Did you come? a coffee freak?' 3) 98 ¨»ûªç Eéπ®Ω ÊÆ´-©ç-CçîË ûË-ú≈ -à-N’-öÀ? freak Åçõ‰ üËE™-ØÁjØ√ N°æ-K-ûª≤ƒn®·éÀ îËÍ®-N-üµ¿çí¬ ´’† ÊÆ´-©†’ ¢Á’i† ÅGµ-´÷†ç, ÇÆæéÀh Ö†oA. Do you come? = †’´¤y regular í¬ Ééπ\-úÕéÀ E®Ωç-ûª- ®√-ߪ’çí¬ EÍ®l-Pç-îªúøç.¢√∞¡Ÿx. Are you a coffee ´Ææ’hç-ö«¢√? -Ççí∫x-¶µ«-≠æ-ù 507 Do you came - ûª°æ¤p. Did you come? =


Proboscis =

v°æ¶Ô-ÆœÆˇ – '¶Ô— ØÌéÀ\ °æ©’-èπ◊û√ç
Superb =

Ææ÷u°æ®˝s – '°æ— ØÌéÀ\-°æ-©’-èπ◊û√ç; °æ, '•— ™«í¬.

freak?

O’®Ω’

Coffee

Ŷ„x-ß˝’≠æØ˛ – '¶„xß˝’— ØÌéÀ\ °æ©-é¬L.
Drought =

vúˆö¸
Pigeon =

°œ>Ø˛ – '°œ— ØÌéÀ\ °æ©’-èπ◊û√ç
Chaos =

Èéߪ’Æˇ – 'Èé— ØÌéÀ\ °æ©’-èπ◊û√ç.
Tyrant =

õ„j®Ωçö¸– 'õ„j— ØÌéÀ\ °æ©’-èπ◊û√ç.
Tyrrany =

öÀ®ΩE – 'öÀ— ØÌéÀ\ °æ©’-èπ◊û√ç
Martyr =

´÷ô(®˝) – '´÷— ØÌéÀ\ °æ©’-èπ◊û√ç. Q. I turned off the light.

Q. She goes to her friends on sunday. (

Ç¢Á’ ¢√∞¡x ÊÆo£œ«-ûª’-© ÉçöÀéÀ ÇC-¢√®Ωç ¢Á-∞¡Ÿ-ûª’çC.)

friends to her friends'. (s


Have a greatful heart.= (Grateful, Greatful

Q . Much into (I am not much into Vastu. Is it correct or not?)

A. Read as much English as you can, listen to English news channels and speak english whenever you have a chance.

A. Crossing one's fingers =

(´’† °æü∑¿-

鬩’ °∂æL-≤ƒh-ߪ’E ÇPç-îªúøç)

؈’ îÁߪ÷u-LqçC î˨»†’. °∂æLûªç Öçô’ç-ü¿ØË ÇP-Ææ’h-Ø√o†’. -

F °jØ√, Éûª-®Ω’© °jØ√ éπ~´÷-í∫’ùç Å©-´-®Ω-éÓ. Nûª-®Ωù (ü∆†) Q©ç éπLT Öçúø’.

A.

Q. What should I do to get used to Foreign English?

Åç-õ‰ -à-N’-öÀ?


Be forgiving of yourself and others =
Be generous =

I've finished what I have to do. I am crossing my fingers =

Just crossing someone finger

O’ †’ç* Éûª-®Ω’©’ ÇPçîË -ü∆-E éπçõ‰ áèπ◊\-´í¬ O’®Ω’ ÆæçûÓ-≠æçí¬ É´y-í∫-©-í¬L.

I have seen this in Spoken English and my doubt is in the question house / home not mentioned.

Hoping our plans will be successful (Keep one's fingers crossed)

Q. Meanings and usage of below written.


Marry the right person. This one decision will determine 90% of your happiness or misery =

Fèπ◊ ûªT† ´uéÀhE °Rx îËÆæ’éÓ. -Å-üË 90 ¨»ûªç ´®Ωèπ◊ F ÆæçûÓ--≥ƒ-Eoí¬E, ü¿’”ë«-Eoí¬-E -E®Ωg®·Ææ’hç-C.

ÉçöÀéÀ ¢Á∞¡Ÿ-ûª’çC = She goes ûª®√yûª apostrophe í∫´’-EçîªçúÕ. ÅC Öçõ‰ØË friends 'ÉçöÀéÀ— ÅØË Å®Ωnç ´Ææ’hçC. She goes to her friends (friends èπ◊ apostrophe ™‰ü¿’) = Ç¢Á’ ûª† friends ü¿í∫_-®Ωèπ◊ ¢Á∞¡Ÿ-ûª’çC. friends' - friends + ' - É™« apostrophe ¢√úÕûË, house/ home Åéπ\-®Ω-™‰ü¿’. É™«çöÀ îÓôx house or home ¢√úøôç ûª°æ¤p èπÿú≈.

Q. Mean by ppt (V3) past participle?

(suggestions for success)

A. The sentence is correct. Has + Past Participle indicates an action M.SURESAN starting in the past (1989) and continuing till now. You are correct in saying that
Give people more than they expect and do it has + pp talks of an action just completed. cheerfully = This is its other use, in addition to the above.

A. Signing off =

A. Mean -Past Participle - Meant

éÀç-C ¢√é¬u-©èπ◊ -ûÁ-©’í∫’-™ -Å®Ωnç -îÁ°æpç-úÕ.

ÅGµ-´÷-†’™«?

Q. He has worked since 1989 (but 'has' shows just passed out actions only) please explain.

Q. Signing off

Öûªh-®√Eo ´·Tç-îªúøç (ÉçûË Ææçí∫ûª’©’ ÅE *´®Ω ®√ߪ’úøç)

Q.

=

Ç¢Á’ ¢√∞¡x

éπ%ûª-ïcûª éπL-T-´¤çúø’


Persistence,

°æô’d-ü¿©,

Persistence,

°æô’d-ü¿©,

é¬ü¿’)

Persistence =

°æô’d-ü¿©


Discipline yourself to save money on even the most modest salary =

@ûªç áçûª ≤ƒ´÷-†u-¢Á’i-†-üÁjØ√, §Òü¿’°æ¤ îËÆæ’-èπ◊-ØË™« E†’o †’´¤y Eߪ’ç-vAç-éÓ.
Treat every one you meet like you want to be treated =

E†’o Éûª-®Ω’©’ ᙫ îª÷ú≈-©-†’-èπ◊ç-ö«¢Ó, Éûª-®Ω’-©†’ †’´¤y Å™«Íí îª÷úø’.
Commit yourself to quality =

Ø√ùu-ûªèπ◊ •ü¿’l¥-úÕ¢Áj Öçúø’. A. Be not much into = Not to be interested in or doing something. I am not much into vastu =

G. Narsing Rao, Adilabad. Q. VISION

Åçõ‰ Å®Ωnç àN’öÀ? A. Vision = î√™« Ü£æ«ûÓ ûÁL-Ní¬ ´’†ç ®Ω*ç--èπ◊†o v°æù«-Réπ v°æ鬮Ωç, ´’† ¶µºN-≠æuûª’h†’ í∫’Jç* ´’†-èπ◊†o ü¿%¨¡uç.(-Ç-™-îª-†).


Be loyal, Be honest =

NüµË-ߪ’ûª, Eñ«-®·B éπL-T- -Öçúø’.
Be a self-starter =

™


Oblation =

I am cr ossing my fingers

í∫ûªç™ – (ã EKgûª Æ洒ߪ’ç™) †’Ny-éπ\-úÕéÀ ´î√a¢√? Q. Login and logout ûË-ú≈ -ûÁ©°æç-úÕ. A. Login = Computer™ °æE v§ƒ®Ωç-Gµç-îªúøç Log out = Computer™ ´’†ç îËÆæ’h†o °æE ´·Tç-îªúøç. Q. Sign in and Sign out ûË-ú≈ -N-´-Jç-îªç-úÕ. A. Sign in = äéπ-îÓô v°æ¢Ë-Pç-îË-ô-°æ¤púø’ Visitors register ™ Visitors îËÊÆ Ææçûªéπç. Computer ™ e -mail °æçÊ°ç-ü¿’èπ◊ Internet ™éÀ v°æ¢Ë-Pç-îªúøç. Sign out; 1) äéπ v°æü˨¡ç †’ç* •ßª’-öÀéÀ ¢Á∞Ïx-ô-°æ¤púø’ register ™ Ææçûªéπç îËߪ’úøç. e-mail °æç°œç-*† ûª®√yûª Internet †’ç* E≠æ \-N’ç-îªúøç.

bird

I turned the light off. I turned off it. I turned it off

OöÀ™ àN ÆæÈ®j-†¢Ó ûÁ©-°æçúÕ. A. I turned off it ûª°æp N’í∫-

û√-´Fo ÆæÈ®j-†¢Ë. Q. Phrasal Verbs

†’ á°æ¤púø’ Núø-DÆœ ®√-ߪ÷-™

N´-Jç-îªçúÕ. A. Verb, preposition it Phrasal verb verb particle (preposition/ adverb) rule

´’üµ¿u ®√ü¿’. ™E, †’ á°æ¤púø’ Núø-D-ߪ÷-©-ØËç-ü¿’èπ◊ éπ*a-ûª-¢Á’i† àD ™‰ü¿’. ¢√úø’-éπ†’ •öÀd ûÁ©’-Ææ’-éÓ-¢√-LqçüË.

Åçô÷

M. Satyanarayana, Hyderabad. Q.Fine, well, good, fantastic, superb, wonderful

Ñ °æü∆-©†’ á°æ¤púø’, áéπ\úø, ᙫ Ö°æ-ßÁ÷-Tç-î√L? ûª°æp N’í∫-û√-¢√öÀ†Eoç-öÀF àüÁjØ√ î√™« ¶«í∫’ç-ü¿E îÁÊ°pç-ü¿’èπ◊ ¢√úøû√ç. Well Åçõ‰ ¶«í¬ (N’í∫û√ ¢√öÀéÀ Å®Ωnç – ¶«í∫’†o). Fantastic = î√™« ¶«í∫’†o/ Åü¿’s¥-ûª-¢Á’i†)/ íÌ°æpí¬ Ö†o. Excellent = Superb = î√™« íÌ°æpí¬ Ö†o (´·êuçí¬ ÅüË ®Ωéπ-¢Á’i† N’í∫-û√-¢√-öÀ-éπçõ‰), °æJ-°æ‹-®Ωg-¢Á’i† (ÉçÍéç ûª°æ¤p°æôd™‰ç) Wonderful = íÌ°æp džç-ü∆Eo éπL-TçîË/ Çéπ-®Ω{-ùÃ-ߪ’-¢Á’i†. Well = °j¢√-öÀ-™ E well†’ ≤ƒ´÷-†uçí¬ nouns ´·çü¿’ ¢√úøç. Well = (Ç®Óí∫uç) ¶«í¬-Ö†o. àüÁjØ√ °æE á´-È®jØ√ ¶«í¬-îËÊÆh – He has done it well Åçö«ç éπü∆– Å™«Íí He played/ understood (something) well Åçö«ç. OöÀ-éπ-Eoç-öÀéà Ů√n©’ Éçé¬ î√™« ÖØ√o®·. ´’ç* dictionary îª÷úøçúÕ.

A. Well

R. Sridevi, Jammulapalem (Prakasam Dist)

ÉöÃ-´© ¢√®Ωh-™xéÀ ´*a† 'CERN' °æ‹Jh Å®Ωnç àN’öÀ? ÉC French Acronym ÅE °ævA-éπ™x îªCQ. Cut to (song is not cut to one place to one
Stop blaming others. Take responsibility for ¢√†’ DE Å®Ωnç àN’öÀ? place, is it correct or not?) every area of your life = A. CERN ÅØËC French acronym. Q. To be the most admired and successful A. Cut to = é¬ü¿’ Cut from... to - In Movies/ TV, Éûª ® Ω ’ © †’ EçCçî ª è π ◊ çú≈ Fèπ ◊ Ææ ç •çC µ ç * † N≠æ ß ª ÷ (Abbreviation ™E letters éπL-°œûË °æü¿ç-™«í¬ express distribution company in India by etc = to move quickly from one scene to ©-Eoç-öÀéà F¢Ë ¶«üµ¿uûª ´£œ«ç. üµ¿yEçîË ´÷ô Acronym). meeting and exceeding our customers, another. eg. The scene cuts from the forest CERN èπ◊ french ¶µ«≠æ™  Å®Ωnç Council of expectation of services. -D-E -Å®Ωnç -à-N’-öÀ? T. Siva, Nandikotkur. to the palace. (Ç ü¿%-¨¡uç î√™« ûªy®Ωí¬ ÅúøN European Nuclear Research = A. ´’† ÊÆ´©Â°j ´’† NEß Á ÷ í ∫ ü ∆® Ω ’ ©èπ ◊ †o Ǩ¡ © ’ ûª % °œ h Q. éÀçC-¢√öÀ Pronunciation ûÁ©’-°æ-í∫-©®Ω’. †’ç* ®√ï-¶µº-´-Ø√-EéÀ ´÷®Ω’-ûª’çC -) ߪ‚®Ó-°œ-ߪ’Ø˛ Åù’ °æJ-¨-üµ¿Ø√ ´’çúøL. éπ-®Ωçí¬ B®Ωaúøç, Ç Ç¨¡-©†’ ÅCµ-í∫-N’ç-îªúøç ü∆y®√,
Menace = Q. Throughout (Throughout the movie my ¶µ « ®Ω û ˝ ¢Á · ûª h ç ™ØË Åûª u çûª ÅGµ ´ ÷†ç §ÒçüË , ¢Á’†Æˇ – '¢Á’— ØÌéÀ\ °æ©’-èπ◊û√ç. favourite place is ... is it correct?) Ø√èπ◊ ¢√Ææ’h™ °ü¿l ÇÆæ-éÃh-™‰ü¿’, Åçûª ûÁL-ߪ’ü¿’ èπÿú≈.

Q.

Éûª®Ω’© O’ü¿ Çüµ∆-®Ω-°æ-úø-èπ◊çú≈ îÌ®Ω´ îª÷°œç.

Spoken English -§ƒ-ûª -¢√u≤ƒ-©éÓÆæç -éÀxé˙ -îË-ߪ’ç-úÕ.. URL: http://www.eenadu.net/spoken/spoken.htm

-´’çí∫-∞¡-¢√®Ωç 14 ÅéÓ-d-•®Ω’ 2008Ananda Rao, Guntur

A.


Q. What is the difference between these pairs of words.
specially - especially
till - until
speak - talk
though - although Especially =

v°æ´·-êçí¬/ ´·êuçí¬.

All farmers in the state, especially those growing cotton and tobacco are in trouble =

®√≠æZç-™E È®jûª’-©ç-ü¿®Ω÷, ´·êuçí¬ °æAh, §Òí¬èπ◊ °æçúÕç-îË-¢√∞¡Ÿx É•sç-ü¿’™x ÖØ√o®Ω’. Specially = v°æûËu-éπçí¬. The train is being run specially to clear the festival rush =

°æçúø’í∫ û√éÀúÕ-E ûªô’dèπ◊-ØËç-ü¿’èπ◊ v°æûËu-éπçí¬ Ñ È®j©’ †úø’-°æ¤-ûª’-Ø√o®Ω’.





till = until Speak formal = speak a language. Speak a few words on the occasion =

Å®Ωnç, é¬Ææh ´·êu-¢Á’i† N≠æ-ߪ÷©’ í¬ ´÷ö«x-úøôç – ¶µ«≠æ ´÷ö«x-úøôç

Ñ Ææçü¿-®Ωs¥çí¬ È®çúø’ ´‚úø’ ´÷ô©’ ´÷ö«x-úøôç. Talk - Åçûª ´·êuç-é¬E N≠æߪ ’ç í∫ ’Jç* ´÷ö«x-úøôç. ´÷´‚©’ °œî√a-§ƒöÀ™«çöÀ Ææ綵«-≠æù – talk.


Though = Although Q. Using the word 'actor' to the females, correct or not? (I have seen in the newspaper.) A. Actor, author, singer, poet

Ñ-Ø√-úø’ £j«-ü¿®√-¶«-ü˛ Q. I have some doubts with regard to Degrees of comparison. Generally we say... beautiful - more beautiful - most beautiful. But why can't we say... beautiful - less beautiful - least beautiful. eg: 1. She is the least beautiful girl in the class. She is less beautiful than any other girl in the class. No other girl in the class is no little beautiful as she. 2. She is one of the least beautiful girl in the class. She is less beautiful than many other girls in the class. Very few girls in the class are as little beautiful as she. 3. Radha is less beautiful than sita. Sita is not so little beautiful as Radha. Can we write the sentences as above?

-Ñ -

¢√é¬u-©-†’ -ûÁ-©’í∫’-™ -N-´-Jç-îªí∫-©®Ω’. A. Yes. We can say so. Less beautiful and least beautiful are comparative and superlative respectively, too.

Your sentences in eg No. 2) are correct- grammatically, but the positive degree (as little beautiful as) is not proper usage. Isn't it more convenient to say, sita is not so/ as beautiful as the other girls in the class.

Q. Thank you sir, Thanking you sir. - which is correct? A. Thanking you, sir, - correct

éÀçC-¢√-öÀE ûÁ©’-í∫’-™éÀ ᙫ ´÷®√a™ ûÁ©’-°æ-í∫-©®Ω’. Åûªúø’ Æ涵º™ ´÷ö«x-úøôç éπ*aûªç. be bound

3) Here again 'little' is better avoided before beautiful. Omitting 'little' before beautiful, makes the sentence sound better without changing the meaning in any way.

I am bound to take care of my old parents =

Here are the translations: Literal translations look awkward.

Q. We are bound to be late.

´’†ç éπ*a-ûªçí¬ late Å´¤û√ç. èπ◊ ÉçéÓ Å®Ωnç (Ñ Ææçü¿-®Ωs¥ç™ é¬ü¿’)– äéπ °æE îËߪ÷-Lq† ¶«üµ¿uûª Öçúøôç.

1) Class ™E Åçü¿-J™ Æ‘ûª ûªèπ◊\´ Åçü¿ç éπ©C/ ûªèπ◊\´ Åçü¿-í∫ûÁh. (Sup) Comp: Class ™E à Éûª®Ω Å´÷t-®·-éπØ√o Æ‘ûª Åçü¿ç ûªèπ◊\´. Positive: à Éûª®Ω Å´÷t®· Æ‘ûªçûª Åçü¿ç ûªèπ◊\´ é¬ü¿’. 2) Class ™ ûªèπ◊\´ Åçü¿-¢Á’i† Å´÷t-®·™x Æ‘ûª äéπA (Sup) Comp: class ™E áèπ◊\-´-´’çC Å´÷t-®·-©-éπçõ‰ Æ‘ûª Åçü¿ç ûªèπ◊\´. Pos: Æ‘ûªçûª ûªèπ◊\´ Åçü¿-¢Á’i† Å´÷t-®·©’ class ™ Ö†o-¢√∞¡Ÿx î√™« ûªèπ◊\´. 3) ®√üµ¿ Æ‘ûªéπçõ‰ ûªèπ◊\´ Åçü¿-¢Á’içC– compar-

´%ü¿’l¥-™„j† ´÷ ûªL-ü¿ç-vúø’-©†’ îª÷Ææ’-éÓ-¢√-Lq† ¶«üµ¿uûª Ø√èπ◊çC. Q. She got to go there tomorrow. A. She got to go tomorrow =

é¬ü¿’, She has got to go there Ç¢Á’ Í®°æ¤ Åéπ\-úÕéÀ ûª°æp-èπ◊çú≈ ¢Á∞«xLq ÖçC/ ¢Á∞¡xéπ ûª°æpü¿’.

Q. We are likely to get approval. A.

Ç¢Á÷ü¿ç ´îËa Å´-鬨¡ç ÖçC.

Q. She is opt to hesitate a lot. A.

Ç¢Á’ î√™« ÆæçüË-£œ«ç-îª-´îª’a (àüÁjØ√ îËÊÆç-ü¿’èπ◊). Ç¢Á’èπ◊ ÆæçüË-£œ«çîË Ææy¶µ«´ç ÖçC.

Q. He is due to start as a courier early. A.

Åûªúø’

courier

í¬ •ßª’-©’-üË-®√Lq ÖçC.

ative.

Q. We are obliged to you. A.

Positive:

Fèπ◊ ¢Ë’ç ®Ω’ù-°æúÕ ÖØ√oç (éπ%ûª-ïc-ûª©’ ûÁ©-°æúøç)– é¬Ææh formal.

Q. He is supposed to do that work. A.

A. Both are correct.

Ch. Raghukiran, Nagaram Q. What is the difference between- Games and sports, Revolt and Revolution, Report and statement, Cash and Amount, Rate and Price, Speed and Fast, Hai and Hellow, Poem and Rhyme, Details and Particulars, Whole and Total, Blue and Indigo, Award and Reward, Staff and Faculty. 508

-Ççí∫x-¶µ«-≠æ-ù

ÅC Åûªúø’ îËߪ÷-Lq† °æE/ Ç °æE îËߪ÷LqçC Åûªúø’.

Q. We had rather leave this place.

ņç. We would rather leave the ¢Ë’ç Ééπ\-úÕ-†’ç* ¢ÁRx§Ú´-ú≈-EÍé É≠æd-°æ-úø’ûª’Ø√oç (Ééπ\úø ÖçúËç-ü¿’-éπçõ‰).

A. Had rather place =

FL/ F©ç ´·ü¿’®Ω’ F©ç Award= äéπ®Ω’ éπ†•-JîË v°æA-¶µºèπ◊/ éπ%≠œéÀ •£æ›-´’A/ °æ¤®Ω-≤ƒ\®Ωç. Reward- v°æ-A-°∂æ©ç– äéπ °æE Nï-ߪ’-´ç-ûªçí¬ °æ‹JhîËÆœ-†çü¿’èπ◊ ÉîËa •£æ›-´’A. Staff = äéπ ÆæçÆæn Æœ•sçC. Faculty = Universities, Colleges ™ ÖçúË ¶üµ¿Ø√ ¨»ê; Maths faculty, English faculty, etc.; Ç ¨»ê™ ÖçúË Åüµ∆u-°æéπ ´®Ω_ç. Indigo-

K.B. Nardas, Cheriyala Q.

éÀçC ¢√é¬u-©†’ ÉçTx-≠ˇ™ ûÁ-©’-°æ-í∫-©®Ω’. á´-È®-´-®Ì-î√a®Ω’?

A Who all have come?

.

Q.

®√üµ¿ Æ‘ûªçûª Åçü¿-¢Á’i† Å´÷t®· é¬ü¿’.

VLG Raju, Srikrishnapatnam. Q.

éÀçC ¢√é¬u-©†’ ÉçTx-≠ˇ™ ᙫ ÅØ√™ ûÁ©’-°æ-í∫-©®Ω’. O’èπ◊ Í®°æ¤ Ææ÷\©’ Öçü∆?

A. Do you have classes/ school tomorrow? (or) Is your school/ will your school be open tomorrow? / Is tomorrow a working day for your school? Q.

؈’ •®˝húË îËÆæ’-éÓ-´úøç ´÷ØË-¨»†’.

Q.

àçöÀ Éçé¬ éπ•’®Ω’x, N¨Ï-≥ƒ©’ îÁ°æpÍ®?

Q.

.

Sports

Åçõ‰ Éü¿l®Ω’, È®çúø’ ïôx éπçõ‰ áèπ◊\´ ´’çC §ƒ™ÔxØËçü¿’èπ◊ O©’†o véÃúø©’ - Running race, Swimming

Ñ Â°†’o™ Éçé˙ Å®·-§Ú-®·çC/ ÉC §ƒ®Ω-úøç ™‰ü¿’/ ®√ߪ’úøç ™‰ü¿’.

A The pen has run out of ink. It isn't writing any more.

.

Q.

Ñ Â°†’o †úø’-Ææ’hçC. DEéÀ ņúøç ÆæJ-§Ú-ûª’çü∆? A. ÆæJ-§Ú-ûª’çC.

This pen is writing

Q. I had no other object than to beat him

Åçõ‰ àN’öÀ ? in the ways of life of a people, society, counA. ¢√úÕE éÌôdúøç ûª°æp Ø√éÀçÍé üµËu-ߪ’-´‚ ™‰ü¿’. try, or world- a revolution has good results Q. Shake èπ◊ gender form Öçô’çü∆? Öçõ‰ È®çúø’ almost always. forms ûÁ©’-°æ-í∫-©®Ω’. Report- A presentation of the important details of a meeting or Incident- äéπ Ææ´÷-¢Ë-¨»Eo/ A. ÉC arab ´÷ô. ûÁL-ߪ’ü¿’. Q. Chameleon Åçõ‰ ÜÆæ-®Ω-¢Á-Lx ÅE Å®Ωnç, Å®·ûË °∂æ’ô-††’ í∫’Jç* ûÁLÊ° E¢Ë-Céπ. ¢Á·ûªhç °æü∆Eo ᙫ ÖîªaJç-î√L? Statement: ¢√uêu– äéπ N≠æ-ߪ÷Eo í∫’Jç* ´’† A. éπO’LÅØ˛– 'O’— ØÌéÀ\ °æ©’-èπ◊û√ç. ÅGµ-v§ƒ-ߪ÷Eo ûÁLÊ° comment. Cash- †í∫ü¿’– Money in the form of currency Q. NÆæh-®√-èπ◊-©†’ ÉçTx-≠ˇ™  à´’ç-ö«®Ω’? notes and coins. A. ÆæÈ®j† ´÷ô ™‰ü¿’– eating leaves ÅØÌa. Amount- The amount of money (úø•’s 'Éçûª— Q. ´·çü¿’ °Rx ï®Ω-í∫-E-´yçúÕ. °∞¡x-ߪ÷uéπ ÅEo Ææçí∫ÅE îÁ°æpúøç) Å®·ûË 'Éçûª— ÅØË ¶µ«´çûÓ amount ûª’©’ ÅçûË. Ñ ¢√é¬uEo ÉçTx-≠ˇ™ ᙫ îÁ§ƒpL? †’ üËEéπ®·Ø√ ¢√úøû√ç- Amount of money/ A. Let the marriage go on first. Once the marAmount (quantity) of water, etc. riage is over, everything will settle down (ÅEo Rate- äéπ éÀ™ / úøïØ˛/ litre/ meter üµ¿®Ω Ææçí∫-ûª’©’ ÅçûË Åçõ‰ Å®Ωnç 鬙‰ü¿’) 'everything will settle down' ÅFo Ææ®Ω’l-èπ◊ç-ö«®·. Price- éÌ-†o Ææ®Ωèπ◊/ ´Ææ’h-´¤© ¢Á·ûªhç üµ¿®Ω. Speed- The rate at which a thing moves, as 60 Q. Stomach, Abdomen È®çúÕç-öÀéÀ Å®Ωnç äéπ-õ‰Ø√? Kms/ Hour. A. Abdomen= îµ √B éÀçC ¶µ«í∫ç – Éçü¿’™ §Òôd (stomach), °ü¿l Ê°í∫’, *†o Ê°í∫’ Öçö«®·. Fast- moving at great speed, very quickly. stomach = §Òôd ´÷vûª¢Ë’. Speed is a noun, 'Fast' is an adverb. Hai- Hi- More common- Informal greeting.

Pavani, Sudha, Matsyapuri

´’†èπ◊ ¶«í¬ °æJ-îª-ߪ’-´·†o ¢√∞¡x†’ °æ©-éπ-JçîË B®Ω’. Hello- slightly formed greeting éÌçîªç ´’®√u-ü¿ûÓ °æ©-éπ-JçîË Nüµ¿ç. Poem= °æü¿uç, Rhyme= Åçûªu-v§ƒÆæ È®çúø’ ´÷ô©’ äÍé ¨¡•lçûÓ Åçûª-´’-´úøç- Live and give, kiss

Q. Computers, key boards, adaptors, chargers

and miss, sit and hit - These pairs of words rhyme with each other because they end in the same sound. Details = particulars =

Q.

Whole refers to quantity or a group, total refers to number. Whole and total are synonyms.

A. He could not have even the last look at his mother.

.

A What more?/ What else?

A. I stopped celebrating my birth day.

Åûª-úÕéÀ ¢√∞¡x´’t *´J îª÷°æ¤ èπÿú≈ ü¿éπ\-™‰ü¿’.

A Have you seen a boy going this way?

ball, chess etc.

A. I had am =

é¬ü¿’; I'd (I would) as well stay where I É°æ¤p-úø’ ؈’†oîÓôØË ÖçúËç-ü¿’-éÀ-≠d-°æ æ-úø’-ûª’-

Ñ ü∆J† äéπ Ŷ«s®· ¢Á∞¡Ÿ-ûª’ç-úøí¬ îª÷¨»®√?

Åçõ‰ Éü¿l-J-´’üµ¿u, È®çúø’ ïôx ´’üµ¿u ïJÍí véÃúø - cricket, foot-

Q. I had as well stay where I am.

Ø√o†’.

Blue-

A. Games

A®Ω’í∫’-¶«ô’– ÅCµ-鬮Ωç/ ÅCµ-鬮Ωç™ Ö†o¢√-JéÀ ´uA-Í®-éπçí¬ ü∆úÕ. N°æx´ç – ≤ƒ´÷->éπ (social) ®√ï-éÃߪ’, Éûª®Ω ®Ωçí¬™x ´îËa °†’-´÷®Ω’p- a great change

He is certain to address the meeting.

A.

àéπ-°æ-Bo-v´-ûª’úø’. ÅØÌa. Å®·ûË äÍé Æ洒ߪ’ç™ äé𠶵«®Ωu éπ©¢√úË English ™ monogamist. Åçõ‰ äé𠶵«®Ωuèπ◊ Nú≈-èπ◊-L*a È®çúÓ-≤ƒJ ÉçéÓ ÇN-úø†’ °∞«x-úÕØ√, monogamist ÅØË Åçö«ç. @N-ûª-´’çû√ äÍé ¶µ«®ΩuûÓ í∫úÕ-Ê°-¢√úø’ (àéπ-°æ-Bov´-ûª’úø’) ÅØËç-ü¿’èπ◊ English ™ ÆæÈ®j† ´÷ô ™‰ü¿’. Q. I am talking with/ to you. àC éπÈ®èπ◊d? A. Monogamist

etc. 2) In this example too, it is better M.SURESAN Revoltto avoid 'little' before the positive degree. We can as well say, 'very few girls in the class are Revolutionas beautiful as she'.

K. Ramakrishna, Khammam.

A.

Q.

He is supposed to do that work

™«çöÀ ´÷ô-©†’ Çú≈, ´’í¬ Éü¿l-Jéà ְæ-ßÁ÷Tç-îªúøç ¢√úø’-Èéj-§Ú-®·ç-C-°æ¤púø’. ûª°æ¤p-™‰ü¿’, ≤˘éπ-®Ωuçí¬ Öçô’çC èπÿú≈.

Q.

2

É™« à NüËQ ´Ææ’h´¤ îª÷ÆœØ√ ¢√öÀ°j ´·vCçîË ûªßª÷K N´-®√-©-ûÓ-§ƒ-ô’í¬ äéπ-îÓô capital letters ™ CE ÅE éπ*a-ûªçí¬ ´·vCç* Öçô’çC. Åçõ‰ Conformity with Environment ÅE Å®Ωn´÷? ¢ËÍ® Å®Ωnç Öçü∆? N´-Jç-îª-í∫-©®Ω’. A. CE = Certified Ecofriendly = °æ®√u-´-®Ω-ù«-†’-èπÿ-©¢Á’i-†-Cí¬ vüµ¿’Oéπ-Jç-*çC.

N´-®√©’

Spoken English -§ƒ-ûª -¢√u≤ƒ-©éÓÆæç -éÀxé˙ -îË-ߪ’ç-úÕ.. URL: http://www.eenadu.net/spoken/spoken.htm

í∫’®Ω’-¢√®Ωç 16 ÅéÓ-d-•®Ω’ 2008-

Ñ-Ø√-úø’ £j«-ü¿®√-¶«-ü˛

G. Govinda Rao, Visakhapatnam.

Q. The earlier producers are rich and solvent enough to the take the failures in their stride.

Q. Albeit

A.

Åçõ‰ àN’öÀ? äéπ ¢√é¬uEo DEE Ö°æ-ßÁ÷-Tç* ûÁ©’-°æ-í∫-©®Ω’.

A. Albeit = Although/ though/ even though = albeit old fashioned.

Å®·-†-°æp-öÀéÃ. Å®·ûË ví¬çC∑éπç ´÷vûª¢Ë’ é¬èπ◊çú≈ Q. éÀçü¿ Åçúø-®˝-™„jØ˛ îËÆ œ† °æü∆-©èπ◊ ûÁ©’-í∫’™ ÆæJ-§ÚßË’ °æ®√u-ߪ’-°æ-ü∆Eo Ö°æ-ßÁ÷-TÆæ÷h ņ’-´-Cç-îª-í∫-©®Ω’. Trend of small movies took a nosedive with all and sundry jumping into the bandwagon. A. Take a nosedive =

üµ¿®Ω©÷, N©’-´©÷ ™«çöÀN Åéπ-≤ƒt-ûª’hí¬ N°æ-K-ûªçí¬ °æúÕ-§Ú-´úøç. Jump into the bandwagon = ¢Ë©ç-¢ÁvJí¬ áèπ◊\´ ´’çC îËÆæ’h†o °æE-E ´’†´‚ îËߪ’úøç, Å™«çöÀ í∫’ç°æ¤™ äéπ-®Ω-´úøç, ¢√J-ûÓ-§ƒô’ ´’†´‚ Ê°®Ω’ §ÒçüËç-ü¿’-éÓÆæç. AP politicians are eager to jump into the pro Telengana bandwagon = AP

§ƒûª E®√t-ûª©’ üµ¿E-èπ◊©÷, ûªT-†çûª úø•’s E©y©÷ Ö†o-¢√®Ω’ (solvent) Å´-úøçûÓ, ¢√®Ω’ ¢Áj°∂æ-™«u©-†’, äúÕ-ü¿’-úø’-èπ◊-©†÷ ûªô’d-èπ◊-Ø√o®Ω’. Solvent = Å´-Ææ-®√-EéÀ 鬴-Lq-†çûª †í∫ü¿’ Öçúøôç. take failures in their stride = ¢Áj°∂æ-™«u-©†’ ûªô’déÓ-´úøç

Q. The craft village strikes a right chord. A. Crafts village =

éπ∞¡© (´·êuçí¬ îËA-°æ-†’©) v§Úû√q£æ«ç éÓÆæç à®Ωp-®Ω*† v°æûËuéπ colony/ v°æü˨¡ç.

Q. Today, financiers diktat is the last word. A.

Ñ ®ÓV†

financiers

A.

If more than one person deliberate,

ã N≠æߪ’ç O’ü¿ E®Ωgߪ’ç BÆæ’èπ◊ØË ´·çü¿’ Åçü¿®Ω÷ éπLÆœ Ç™-*ç-îªúøç (deliberate).

i) The meal is getting ready. Meanwhile have some bread = bread

Éçûª™ é¬Ææh

Q. No let-up in Olive Ridley killings. A. Olive Ridley turtles

(äéπ ®Ωéπ-¢Á’i† û√¶‰∞¡Ÿx)†’ ¢Ëö«úÕ îªç°æ-ôç™ áúø-ûÁ-J°œ ™‰-ü¿’ (Åúøfç ™‰èπ◊çú≈ ≤ƒí∫’-ûª÷ØË ÖçC).

Ææ´÷-ñ«Eo °æ®Ω-Ææp®Ω ´uA-Í®éπ ´®√_-©’í¬ <™‰a/ Núø-DÊÆ BJP v°æߪ’-û√o© N≠æ-ߪ’ç™ ñ«ví∫-ûªhí¬ ÖçúøçúÕ. A. Penchalaiah, Rajampet.

-Ççí∫x-¶µ«-≠æ-ù 509

Q. Please clarify the following doubts.

¶µï†ç Æœü¿l¥-´’-´¤-ûÓçC. A†’.

ii) I was planning to go there. In the meantime this happened =

؈-éπ\-úÕéÀ ¢Á∞«x-©-†’-èπ◊çô’Ø√o. Éçûª™ ÉC ïJ-TçC. Q. 'To' Preposition Å®Ωn-¢Ë’-N’-öÀ?

Q. Beware of BJP bid to polarise society. A.

Ñ ´’üµ¿u™/

Éçûª™.

Ç v°æï™x ÆæÈ®j† ¶µ«¢√Eo/ ≤ƒ†’-èπÿ© Ææpçü¿-††’ éπL-Tç-îË-Cí¬ ÖçC. Strike the right chord = ÆæÈ®j† ¶µ«¢√Eo éπL-Tçîªúøç.

Q. I have my innings for over three decades.

ûÁ©çí¬ù ¢Ë®√p-ô’†’ Ææ´’-JnçîË ¢√J™ îËJ-§Ú-¢√-©E ®√ï-éÃ-ߪ’-¢√-ü¿’©’ ûª£æ«-ûª-£æ«-™«-úø’-ûª’-Ø√o®Ω’. (ãô’x/ ®√ï-éÃ-ߪ’©Gl¥ éÓÆæç). Å®·ûË O’®Ω’ Öü¿£æ«Jç-*† ¢√éπuç™ jump into the bandwagon ¢√úøéπç ÆæJ-é¬ü¿’. Jump into the bandwagon ´·êuçí¬ ´’†’-≠æfl© N≠æ-ߪ’ç™ØË ¢√úøû√ç, O’ sentence ™™« *†o ûª®Ω£æ… ÆœE-´÷©èπ◊ é¬èπ◊çú≈.

Meanwhile (meantime) =

The crafts village strikes the right chord = crafts village

üË *´J ¨»Ææ†ç.

´‚úø’ ü¿¨»-¶«l-©’í¬ Ø√ 鬮Ωu-éπ-™«-§ƒ©’ ≤ƒí¬®·. Q. Take objection, take exception èπ◊ ûËú≈ àN’öÀ? A. È®çúø÷ äéπõ‰– Ŷµºuç-ûª®Ωç ûÁ©-°æúøç/ ÇÍé ~-°œç-îªúøç. Q. Discussion èπ◊, Deliberation èπ◊ ûËú≈ àN’öÀ? Öü∆-£æ«-®Ω-ù-©ûÓ N´-Jç-îª-í∫-©®Ω’. A. Discussion = Ωa. Deliberation = ã E®Ωgߪ’ç BÆæ’èπ◊ØË ´·çü¿’ ñ«ví∫ûªhí¬ Ç™-*ç-îªúøç.

2

Let's drink to the health of our respected foreign guests

Åçõ‰? èπ◊ î√-™« Å®√n-©’-Ø√o®·. Let's drink to the Ééπ\úø, to éÀ Å®Ωnç, 'éÓÆæç— ÅE. (Çߪ’† Ç®Óí∫uç éÓÆæç). Q. 'According to' èπ◊ Å®Ωn-¢Ë’-N’öÀ? A. According to Åçõ‰, v°æ鬮Ωç ÅE. ÉC äéπ phrase; to èπ◊ v°æûËu-éπ¢Á’i† Å®Ωnç àO’-™‰ü¿’. A. To health of -

I wish I spoke per fect E nglish

With the formation of PRP, a number of TDP leaders and members have jumped into the bandwagon= PRP TDP

à®√pô’ûÓ î√™«-´’çC Ø√ߪ’-èπ◊©÷, Ææ-¶µº’u©÷, Åçü¿’™ N’í∫-û√-¢√-J-ûÓ-§ƒô’ îËJ-§Ú-ߪ÷®Ω’. Q. B.J.P. not apologetic about Hindutva. A.

£œ«çü¿÷ûªy Æœü∆l¥çûª N≠æ-ߪ’ç™ BJP ™ °æ¨»a-û√h°æ üµÓ®ΩùÀ/ ûª°æ¤p î˨»ç, éπ~N’ç-îªçúÕ ÅØË üµÓ®ΩùÀ éπE-°œçîªúøç ™‰ü¿’.

Q. He debunked that astrology is a science. A.

ñuA-¨»zÆæYç, ã ¨»ÆæY-´’ØË N≠æߪ÷Eo Çߪ’† •÷ôéπç -Å-E éÌöÀd-§ƒ-Í®-¨»úø’. Debunk = ÅüÓ •÷ôéπç/ Eïç-™‰-ü¿E Å´-Ê£«∞¡† îËߪ’úøç.

Q. The festival showcased Rajkapoor's performance. A.

Ç Öûªq´ç ®√ñ¸-éπ-°æ‹®˝ †ô-††’ Çéπ-®Ω{-ùÃ-ߪ’çí¬ v°æü¿Jzç-*çC. To show case = üˆo-®·Ø√ Çéπ-®Ω{-ùÃ-ߪ’çí¬ éπ†-°æ-®Ωîªúøç.

Q. 'Awara' rendered Rajkapoor a household name in Soviet. A.

'Ç¢√®√— *vûªç ´‚©çí¬ Soviet Russia ™ ®√ñ¸éπ-°æ‹®˝ Ê°®Ω’ ÉçöÀçö« ¢√úË/ NE-°œçîË ´÷õ„j§Ú-®·çC.

Q. Artists are run- of- the- mill type. A.

Åçü¿’-™E éπ∞«-é¬-®Ω’©’ î√™« ´÷´‚©’ †ô-††’ v°æü¿-Jzç-î√®Ω’. Run-of-the-mill = NP-≠dû æ ª àO’-™‰E î√™« ´÷´‚™„j†. Å®·ûË ÉC ´’†’-≠æfl-©èπ◊ (Ééπ\úø éπ∞«-é¬-®Ω’©èπ◊ ™«í¬) ¢√úø®Ω’. éπ∞«-é¬-®Ω’© v°æü¿-®Ωz† éπü∑¿©÷, *vû√©’, Ø√ô-é¬-™«xç-öÀN éÌûªhü¿†ç àO’-™‰éπ á°æ¤púø÷ îª÷ÊÆ ™«çöÀ-Ní¬ Öçõ‰, ¢√öÀE run-of-the mill Åçö«ç.

Q. Viswanath, the person betrays no vestige of sterling success. A.

´uéÀhí¬ N¨¡y-Ø√-ü∑˛™  Çߪ’† ≤ƒCµç-*† íÌ°æp Nï-ߪ÷© *£æ…o-™‰N éπE-°œç-¤ (Åçõ‰ Çߪ’† Åçûª Eí∫Jy ÅE) betray = (Ééπ\úø) v°æü¿-Jzç-îªúøç, vestige = Å´-¨Ï≠æç. sterling = íÌ°æp.

Q. The admirer sang paens about the actor.

C. Swetha, Railwaykodur.

éÀç-C -¢√é¬u-©èπ◊ ûÁ©’-í∫’™ Å®√n©’ ûÁ©’°æ¤ûª÷ Öü∆-£æ«-®Ω-ù-L-´yí∫-©®Ω’.

Q.

Ææ÷dúÁç-ö¸qE v°æ¨¡o©’ ÅúÕ-T-†-°æ¤púø’ Ñ v°æ¨¡oèπ◊ džq®˝ îÁÊ°p-¢√∞¡Ÿx îËûª’©’ °jÈé-ûªhçúÕ ÅØË-ô-°æ¤púø’ rise Q. He exhibited all his poetical reperyour hands Åçö«®Ω’. îËûª’©’ CçîªçúÕ ÅØË-ô-°æ¤púø’ 2. Neither of my sisters is married. toire. put down hands ņúøç éπÈ®-ÍédØ√? 3. Neither of them has a car. A. Repertoire (J°æö«y) = Repertory = A. 1. Rise your hands ņç- Raise your hands 4. Neither of us saw it happen. ã éπ∞«-é¬-®Ω’úø’/ éπ∞«-é¬-JùÀ/ éπ∞«-ÆæçÆæn v°æü¿- M.SURESAN Åçö«ç. A. 1. É°æ¤p-úø’- ؈’ öà BÆæ’-èπ◊ç-ô’-Ø√o†’/ Jzç-îª-í∫© Ø√ôu, ÆæçUûª, Ø√ôéπ, Éûª®Ω Rise = ™‰´-úøç, E©-•-úøôç, áü¿-í∫-úøç. û√í∫’-ûª’-Ø√o†’. éπ∞«ç-¨»-©Eo éπL°œ. Raise = (üˆo-®·Ø√) áûªh-úøç, îËûª’-™„-ûªh-úøç 鬕öÀd, 2. ´÷ Åéπ\-©’/ -îÁ-™„x-Rx-ü¿l-J™ á´-Jéà °Rx-é¬-™‰ü¿’. He exhibited all his poetical repertoire = raise your hands. 3. Ç Éü¿ l J ™ á´J éà 鬮Ω ’ ™‰ ü ¿ ’ . Çߪ’†èπ◊ ûÁL-Æœ† éπN-û√ç-¨»-©-Eoç-öÀE v°æü¿-Jzç-î√úø’. Students rise when the teacher enters 4. ´÷ Éü¿ l J ™ á´®Ω ÷ ÅC ï®Ω ’ í ∫ ’ û ª ’ çú ø í ¬ Q. In Nair of Kerala, women reigns supreme for class. îª ÷ úø ™ ‰ ü ¿ ’ . centuries. Put down your hands, correct. Q. Hardly, Scarcely, No sooner °æü∆-©†’ àßË’ A. Íé®Ω-∞¡™  Ø√ߪ’®Ωx ´®Ω_ç™ ¨¡û√-¶«l-©’í¬ Æ‘Y©’ ÅCµ-é¬Ææ ç ü¿ ® √s¥ ™ x ¢√úø û √®Ó û Á © ’°æ í ∫ © ®Ω ’ . Q. N’´’tLo ™„jØ˛ v°æ鬮Ωç v°æ¨¡o-©-úø’-í∫’û√ -Å-†-ú≈-EéÀ ®√Eo «-®·ç-î√®Ω’. ÉçTx-≠ˇ™ I shall ask you questions in line A. Hardly/ Scarcely= 1) Å®Ω ’ ü ¿ ’ í ¬/ ü ∆ü ∆°æ ¤ ™‰ ü ¿ ’ . O’ sentence clear í¬ ™‰ü¿’, ûª°æ¤p©’ èπÿú≈ wise ÅØ√™« ™‰ü∆ In a line wise ÅØ√™«? He hardly comes here = ÖØ√o®·. ü∆EéÀ correct form: A. I will ask you questions in linewise/ in a Åûªúø’ Ééπ\-úÕéÀ î√™« Å®Ω’-ü¿’í¬ ´≤ƒhúø’. Among Nairs of Kerala, women have reigned linewise- É¢Ëç ņç. I shall ask you quesHe scarcely knows me = supreme for centuries tions one by one/ one after another/ by turns/ ؈-ûª-úÕéÀ ü∆ü∆°æ¤ -ûÁ-L-ߪ’-ü¿’-. Reign supreme = E®√-ôç-éπçí¬ §ƒLç-îªúøç. in the order of your seats, etc. Åçö«ç. 2) Hardly= scarcely= No sooner... than= äéπ ®Ωçí∫ç™ Åûªuçûª íÌ°æp-¢√-®Ω’í¬ ¢Á©’-íÌç-ü¿úøç. By turns = ´çûª’© v°æ鬮Ωç. äéπ °æE ïJU, ï®Ωí∫éπ´·çüË/ ïJ-T† ¢ÁçôØË. Balamurali Krishna reigns supreme in classiIn the order of - Ç ´®Ω’-Ææ™ . Hardly/ scarcely did he see/ had he seen the cal music = ¨»Æ‘Yߪ’ ÆæçU-ûªç™ ¶«©´·®Ω-S-éπ%≠æg Q. E†’o °æK-éπ~™ °∂®·™¸ îË≤ƒh ņ-ú≈Eo ÉçTx-≠ˇ™ Åûªuçûª íÌ°æp. police when he ran away= No sooner did he ᙫ ÅØ√L? see/ had he seen the police than he ran away Q. MLA has espoused the cause of Pulichintala = Åûªúø’ §ÚM-Ææ’†’ îª÷Æ‘/ îª÷úø-í¬ØË/ îª÷Æœ† A. I will fail you. project. ¢ÁçôØË, §ƒJ-§Ú-ߪ÷úø’. Q. 'éÌçúø-í∫’®Ω’h— DEo ÉçTx-≠ˇ™  à´’ç-ö«®Ω’? Nü∆u-®Ω’nA. Espouse a cause = äéπ Ǩ¡-ߪ÷-EéÀ °æ‹Jh ´’ü¿l©èπ◊ §ƒ®∏Ωç îÁÊ°p-ô-°æ¤púø’ Ñ N≠æ-ߪ÷Eo í∫’®Ω’h-°-ô’dQ. éÀç-C -¢√é¬u-©èπ◊ Å®√n©’ N´-Jç-îª-í∫-©®Ω’. A-´yúøç/ äéπ ÖüËl-¨»-EéÀ ¶«Ææ-ôí¬ Öçúøôç. éÓ-´-ú≈-EéÀ äéπ éÌçúø-í∫’®Ω’h ÖçC ÅE îÁ•’-ûª’çö«ç Q. The company is gearing up for expansion A. 1) I wish I spoke perfect English = éπü∆. (Éçü¿’™ 'gear' ņo °æü∆-EéÀ ¢Á÷ö«®Ω’ ¢√£æ«-Ø√™x ؈’ îªéπ\öÀ ÉçTx≠ˇ ´÷ö«x-úÕûË áçûª ¶«í∫’ç-ô’çC. A. éÌçúø-í∫’®Ω’h = Landmark - àüÁjØ√ îÓô’/ É©’x Ö°æ-ßÁ÷-TçîË gear °æü∆-Eéà ¢√úø-éπç™ ≤ƒ®Ω÷°æuç 2) If only I was/ were better looking = áéπ\-úø’çüÓ ûÁL-Ê°ç-ü¿’èπ◊, ¢√öÀéÀ ü¿í∫_-®Ωí¬ ÖçúË Öçü∆?) ØËEç-éÌçîÁç Åçü¿çí¬ Öçõ‰...! v°æ´·-ê-¢Á’i† v°æü˨¡ç. A. Ç ÆæçÆæn ûª† ÅGµ-´%-Cl¥éÀ ÆæçÆœ-ü¿l¥-´’-´¤-ûÓçC. (gearA.

§ƒô-©ûÓ §Òí∫-úøôç

(sing paeans)

ing up) Q. We are meandering aimlessly in lawns.

1. I am having tea now =

G. Naresh, Armoor.

Q. Whether, Meanwhile sentence formation

°æü∆© Å®√n©’ -ûÁ-L-ߪ’-ñ‰Æœ, ™ OöÀE à N-üµ¿çí¬ Ö°æ-ßÁ÷A. à í∫´’u´‚ ™‰èπ◊çú≈ áô’-•-úÕûË Å™« A®Ω’-í∫’-ûª’Ø√oç. T-≤ƒh¢Á÷ N´-Jç-îª-í∫-©®Ω’. (Lawns = °ü¿l °ü¿l ¶µº´-Ø√© ´·çü¿’ Åçü¿ç éÓÆæç A. Whether Åçõ‰, Å´¤Ø√, é¬ü∆ ÅØË Å®ΩnçûÓ Â°çîË °æ*a-í∫úÕf plots) ¢√úøû√ç. Q. Vizag vignettes. Q. The element of art and creativity in film makI don't know whether he is here or not = A. Vignettes (N†uö¸) = ã ´uéÀhE, Ææçü¿-®√s¥Eo ûÁLÊ° ing, with due apologies is non-existent. ÆæçéÀ~°æh ®Ω/ Í®ë«-*vûªç. Ééπ\úø ÖØ√oúÓ, ™‰üÓ Ø√èπ◊ ûÁ-L-ߪ’ü¿’. A. with due apologies = Ñ ´÷ô-©-†oç-ü¿’èπ◊ éπ~N’çVizag vignettes = ¢Ájñ«í˚èπ◊ Ææç•ç-Cµç-*† N≠æ-ߪ÷Whether you like it or not you have to do it = îªúøç, é¬F ņ-èπ◊çú≈ Öçúø-™‰†’. (éπ~´÷-°æù éÓ®Ω’ûª÷ ©†’ -ûÁ-LÊ° *vû√-©’/ ®Ωîª-†©’. Fèπ◊ †*aØ√, †îªa-éπ-§Ú-®·Ø√ †’NyC îËߪ÷-LqçüË. Ñ ´÷ô-©ç-ô’Ø√o).

Cinema Halls, Colleges, Govt. Offices, temples landmarks

É´Fo í¬ Ö°æ-ßÁ÷-í∫-°æ-úøû√®·. §ƒ®∏Ωu N≠æ-ߪ÷™x àüÁjØ√ í∫’®Ω’hç--èπ◊-ØËç-ü¿’èπ◊ ûÁLÊ° éÌçúø-í∫’®Ω’h ÅØË Å®ΩnçûÓ landmark ¢√úøç. I will tell you something to remember these things by=

É´Fo í∫’®Ω’hç--èπ◊-ØËç-ü¿’èπ◊ O©’í¬ ã N≠æߪ’ç îÁ§ƒh†’.

Spoken English -§ƒ-ûª -¢√u≤ƒ-©éÓÆæç -éÀxé˙ -îË-ߪ’ç-úÕ.. URL: http://www.eenadu.net/spoken/spoken.htm

-Ç-C-¢√®Ωç 19 ÅéÓ-d-•®Ω’ 2008-

Ñ-Ø√-úø’ £j«-ü¿®√-¶«-ü˛

K.S.R., Martur, Prakasam.

a)

Q. Be were)

®Ω÷§ƒ©’ (is, am, are, was, Å®·ü¿’. ´’J, be E éπL-°œûË Ç®Ω-´¤-´¤-ûª’-Ø√o-®·-í∫ü∆, been, be ®Ω÷°æç áçü¿’èπ◊ é¬ü¿’? A. be ®Ω÷§ƒ©’, am, is, are, was, were, ´÷vûª¢Ë’ é¬èπ◊çú≈, 'be' *´-®Ω´îËa verbs- shall be, will be, should be, would be, can be, could be, may be, might be, must be, ought be, dare be, need bebeen verbs- have been, has been, had been, shall/ should/ will/ would/ can/ could/ may/ might have been.

Éçé¬

*´-®Ω-´îËa

Been- be

®Ω÷°æ¢Ë’, é¬E ÅC

verb

é¬ü¿’.

Q. I have heard about her. I have heard of her -

OöÀ-´’üµ¿u ûËú≈ àN’öÀ? A. I have heard about her = I have heard of her. Q. Absolute Phrase

(Ŷ¸-Ææ-©÷uö¸ vÊ°∂ñ ¸) Åçõ‰ àN’öÀ? á°æ¤púø’ Ö°æ-ßÁ÷-T≤ƒhç?

A. Being a holiday, I did not go to school that day = sentence Being a holiday absolute phrase.

Ñ

™,

ÅØËC

English ™ á°æ¤púø÷, à phrase Å®·Ø√, ü∆EéÀ ü¿í∫_-®Ωí¬ Ö†o-ü∆Eo í∫’Jç* îÁ°æ¤hçC. (Phrase = A group of words without a verb). Ééπ\úø Being a holiday ÅØË phrase, I éÀ ü¿í∫_-®Ωí¬ ÖçC. Åçü¿’´©x ü∆EéÀ Being a holiday, I Åçõ‰, ؈’ ÂÆ©¢Áj†ç-ü¿’-´©x ÅØË N°æ-K-û√®Ωnç ´Ææ’hçC. É™« ü¿í∫_-®Ω’†o subject èπ◊ Ææç•çüµ¿ç ™‰E phrase †’ absolute phrase Åçö«ç. So,

äéπ °æE îËߪ’úøç ÅØË Å®Ωnç– To walk such a long distance is not easy =

Åçûª ü¿÷®Ωç †úø-´úøç Ææ’©¶µºç é¬ü¿’. b) äéπ °æE îËߪ’-ú≈-EéÀ (purpose) ÅØË Å®ΩnçûÓ. He came here to see me = ††’o îª÷ÊÆçü¿’èπ◊ Åûª-úÕ-éπ\-úÕéÀ ´î√aúø’. c) äéπ °æE îËߪ÷-©ØË Å®ΩnçûÓ. I want to go home = ØËEç-öÀéÀ ¢Á∞«x-©E ņ’èπ◊ç-ô’Ø√o. È®çúÓ non-finite verb- '...ing' form- going, coming, etc. '...ing' form èπ◊, infinitive èπ◊ ™«Íí äéπ °æE îËߪ’úøç ÅØË Å®Ωnç ´Ææ’hçC. Walking the distance is not easy = Ç ü¿÷®Ωç †úø-´úøç ûËLÍéç é¬ü¿’ = To walk the

2

Q. He is not a teacher, isn't he? A. He isn't a teacher, isn't he? -

öÃîªÍ®ç ņúøç.

Åûªúø’ é¬ü¿’-í∫ü∆?

Q. Scarcely had the game started when it began to rain. A.

Çô ¢Á·ü¿-©®‚ Å´-í¬ØË ´®Ω{ç v§ƒ®Ω綵ºç Å®·çC.

Q. No sooner had he heard the news than he started off. A.

Ç ¢√®Ωh N†o ¢ÁçôØË Åûªúø’ •ßª’-©’-üË-®√úø’.

Q. Hardly had I finished the work when the picture started. A.

Ministers are bound to serve the public =

´’çvûª’©’ v°æñ«-ÊÆ-´èπ◊ •ü¿’l¥™„j ÖØ√o®Ω’. ïJÍí Å´-鬨¡ç Öçúøôç, ûª°æpéπ ï®Ωí∫-úøç. a) He is liable to go there = -Å-ûª-úøéπ\-úÕéÀ ¢Á∞Ïx Å´-鬨¡ç ÖçC. Be liable to =

b) They are liable to be punished if they cross limits =

¢√∞¡Ÿx £æ«ü¿’l-O’-JûË ûª°æpéπ Péπ~-°æ-úø’-ûª’çC. Å´-鬨¡ç Öçúøôç. '...ing' form èπ◊ ÉçéÓ Å®Ωnç, äéπ °æE îËÆæ÷h, äéπ (Åûªúø’ à Q. Barely had I gone there when he went out. °æE îËÆæ’hç-úøí¬. éπ~-ù«†o®·Ø√ ®√´îª’a – ´îËa Å´-鬨¡ç ÖçC) A. ؈-éπ\-úÕéÀ ¢ÁSx¢Á-∞¡x-èπ◊ç-ú≈ØË/ ¢Á∞¡x-í¬ØË Åûªúø’ ¢ÁRx-§ÚWalking along the street, I ran into my
Be on the point of = ã °æE îËߪ’-¶ûª÷ Öçúøôç. ߪ÷úø’. friend = Road ¢Áç•úÕ †úø’Ææ÷h/ †úø’-Ææ÷hç-úøí¬ He was on the point of buying the car when I Q. I can wait unless and until he come. ņ’-éÓ-èπ◊çú≈ Ø√ ÊÆo£œ«-ûª’úÕo stopped him = Åûªúø’ car é̆-¶ûª÷ Öçúøí¬ A. Ñ sentence èπ◊ Å®Ωnç ™‰ü¿’. îª÷¨»†’. (Åûªúø’ ´ÊÆh-ØË-é¬F, ´îËaç-ûª-´-®Ωèπ◊ ØË-†’ -Ç-§ƒ†’. 3) ´‚úÓ non finite verb, ؈’ -wait í∫-©-†’ É™« ņç Q. How do we use the following modal idioms in Past Participle- seen, -Ççí∫x-¶µ«-≠æ-ù 510 éπü∆? Åûªúø’ ´ÊÆhØË é¬F ؈’ conversation. Do give telugu translations distance is not easy.

Ø√ °æE °æ‹®Ωh®‚ Å´-í¬ØË/ Å®·† ¢ÁçôØË *vûªç ¢Á·ü¿-©-®·çC.


be apt to = He is apt to come here any moment

also. Had as well, had best, can't help, can't bear, can't stand, must needs, may as well, can't help but, can't make nothing of, can you beat it, will be able to, may be able to, should be able to, would be able to, might be able to, would have been able to

I am bound to go ther e

Being a holiday, I did not go to school that day- wrong. correct form,

DEéÀ

That day being a holiday, I did not go to schoolthat day being a holiday =

Ééπ\úø ®ÓV ÂÆ©¢Áj†çü¿’-´©x.

Ç

Åçõ‰ àN’öÀ? ¢√öÀE Ö°æßÁ÷-TçîË Ææçü¿-®√s¥©’ ûÁ©’-°æ-í∫-©®Ω’. A. Finite verbs Öçõ‰ØË, complete meaning ÖçúË group of words, sentence Å´¤-ûª’çC. Finite verbs í∫’Jç* Éçûª-èπ◊-´·çü¿’ îÁ§ƒpç, ´’Sx ÉçéÓ-≤ƒJ N´-J-Ææ’hØ√oç. ÉN 6 ®Ω÷§ƒ™x (forms) Öçö«®·. 1) Be forms (°j† ûÁL§ƒç éπü∆? ÅN.) 2) Be form + ... ing form- am going, is taking, has been doing, should have been coming, etc. 3) Be form + Past Participle- am seen, is done, will be given, would have been completed etc. 4) Have/ has/ had/ shall have/ will have, etc + Past Participle- Have seen, has done, shall have gone, etc. 5) Doing words: Ist Regular Doing Word (I RDW), IInd Regular Doing Word (IInd RDW), Past Doing Word (PDW). IInd RDW

PDW

come

comes

take

takes

came took

give

gives

gave

see

sees

saw

do

does

did, etc.

6) Shall/ should/ will/ would/ can/ could/ may/ might/ must, etc + I RDW shall do, can see, may talk, etc.

´÷vûª¢Ë’ finite verbs. ÉN Ö†o groups of words, ´÷vûª¢Ë’ Å´¤-û√®· ûª°æp sentences 鬴¤. ÉN éÀçü¿èπ◊ ™„éπ\èπ◊ ®√´¤. éÀçCN non-finite verbs. Ñ

6 classes of verbs

Non finite verbs: phrases verbs

1) The infinitive- to + Ist RDW- to go, to walk, to see, etc. Infinitive

Å®Ωnç: îª÷úø-•-úÕ†, BÆæ’-éÓ-•-úÕ†, É´y-•-úÕ† ÅE.

èπ◊ ûÁ©’-í∫’™ ´‚úø-®√n-©’-Ø√o®·.

wait

îËߪ’†’ Åçõ‰ Å®Ωnç ®√ü¿’ éπü∆. Åûªúø’ ´îËaçûª´-®Ωèπ◊ (until he comes) ؈’ wait îËߪ’-™‰†’ Åçõ‰ Å®Ωnç îËÆæ’-éÓ-í∫©ç.)

The man seen at the book store is my neighbour = Book store

™ îª÷úø-•-úÕ† Çߪ’† (´÷´‚©’ ûÁ©’í∫’– Book store ™ éπE-°œç-*† Çߪ’†) ´÷ °æéÀ\ç-ö«-ߪ’†. The stone thrown by the boy =

Q. Finite, non finite verbs

Ist RDW

taken, given, etc.

M.SURESAN

Ç °œ™«xúÕ îËûª NÆæ-®Ω-•úøf ®√®·. – ´÷´‚©’ ûÁ©’í∫’– Åûªúø’ NÆœ-J† ®√®·. ÉO finite and non finite verbs. Q. I brought it for him. Indirect object èπ◊ ´·çü¿’ preposition ¢√úø-èπÿ-úøü¿’. ´’J Ñ ¢√éπuç éπÈ®-ÍédØ√? A. Indirect object èπ◊ ´·çü¿’ preposition ®√èπÿ-úøü¿ØËç ™‰ü¿’ éπü∆? I sold the book to Harish - Ééπ\úø Harish, Indirect object éπü∆? ü∆E-´·çü¿’ to ÅØË prep ´≤ÚhçC éπü∆? Å®·ûË, It Indirect object í¬ Ö†o°æ¤púø’ ´÷vûªç Sub + Verb + Direct object + Prep + Object of the prep- pattern ®√ü¿’. I sold him the book- Ñ sentence ™, Indirect object, him †’, I sold the book to him - Ééπ\úø, him †’, object of the preposition 'to' í¬ ´÷®Ω’≤ƒhç. 'It' N≠æ-ߪ’ç™ É™« ®√ü¿’. Åçü¿’-´©x, I brought it for him ÅØË Åçö«çé¬F, I brought him it ņç. Q. preposition èπ◊ ÆæÈ®j† E®Ωy-ç ûÁ©°æçúÕ. ¢√éπuç™E Éûª®Ω °æü∆-©ûÓ Ö†o Ææç•ç-üµ∆Eo ûÁL-ߪ’-ñ‰ÊÆ °æü∆Eo preposition Åçö«®Ω’. éπÈ®-ÍédØ√? I came on foot ™ on èπ◊, Éûª®Ω °æü∆-©èπ◊ à ®Ωéπ¢Á’i† Ææç•çüµ¿ç ÖçC? A. Preposition äéπ sentence ™E ´÷ô©èπ◊†o Ææç•çüµ¿ç ûÁ©’-°æ¤-ûª’çC. É°æ¤púø’ I came on foot- on foot ™ 'on' èπ◊ Å®Ωnç, †úø-éπ† ÅE. ´’† ûÁ©’-í∫’™ N¶µºéÃh v°æûªu-ߪ÷©’, English ™ prepositions ü∆ü∆°æ¤ äÍé Ææy¶µ«-¢√Eo éπLT Öçö«®·.

ÅØË ™‰ü¿’. •ü¿ ’ ©’ áèπ ◊ \´ ¢√úø ’éπ. Q. We can't wipe out this evil unless á´-J-ÈéjØ√ Ææ©£æ…, Ææ÷îª-†-L-îËaç-ü¿’èπ◊ ¢√úøû√ç. and until the individual thinks so. You had better start now = O’J-°æ¤úø’ •ßª’-©’A. v°æA-´uéÃh ™‰ü¿’ ņ’-èπ◊-ØËç-ûª-´-®Ωèπÿ, ņ’èπ◊ç-õ‰ØË ûª°æp, ´’†ç Ñ üÓ≥ƒEo E®Ω÷t- üË-®Ωúøç ´’ç*C.
can't help = ûª°æpü¿’. Lç-‰ç.

Q. They were asked to maintain sanitation failing which action would be initiated against them. (How do we use the phrase failing which) A.

A. Had as well, had best expression had best had better

°æJ-¨¡Ÿ-v¶µºûª §ƒöÀç-î√-©E ¢√∞¡Ÿx îÁ°æp-•-ú≈f®Ω’. Åçü¿’™ (§ƒJ-¨¡Ÿü¿l¥ uç §ƒöÀç-îª-úøç™) ¢√∞¡Ÿx N°∂æ-©-´’-®·ûË (failing which) éπJ∏† Ωu©’ ¢√JO’ü¿ v§ƒ®Ωç-Gµç--úø-û√®·.

Q. In 50 n.p., 60 n.p, - here n.p. stands for? A. np = Naye paise,

É°æ¤púø’ OöÀØË Â°j≤ƒ (singular), Åçô’Ø√oç. ü˨¡ç™ Åù«©’, °jÆæ©’ (Å°æpöÀ °æü¿l¥A v°æ鬮Ωç, äéπ ®Ω÷§ƒ®· = 192 °jÆæ©’) BÊÆÆœ, ®Ω÷§ƒ-®·éÀ ´çü¿-°j-Ææ©’ v°æ¢Ë-¨¡-°-öÀd-†°æ¤úø’, éÌûªh °jÆæ-©’†’, †ßª÷ (hindi for new) paise ÅE ´u´-£æ«-Jç-î√®Ω’. Ç ûª®√yûª, 100 °jÆæ© ™„éπ\ ¶«í¬ ¢√úø-éπç-™éÀ ´î√aéπ †ßª÷ BÊÆ-¨»®Ω’. paise (plural)

If you want good education, you can't help spending money =

´’ç* îªü¿’´¤ 鬢√-©çõ‰ úø•’s ê®Ω’a °ôdéπ ûª°æpü¿’.
can't bear = ¶µºJç-îª-™‰-éπ-§Ú-´úøç = can't stand

We can't bear the heat of Vijayawada in summer = We can't stand the heat ...

Nï-ߪ’-¢√-úø™ ¢ËÆæN áçúø ¶µºJç-‰ç =


must needs = here =
May as well-

ûª°æpéπ – He must needs come Åûª-úÕ-éπ\-úÕéÀ ®√éπ ûª°æpü¿’. áç°œéπ ûÁ©-°æúøç– (ÅC îËÊÆ •ü¿’©’, ÉC îÁßÁ·ua éπü∆ ÅØË Å®Ωnç.) Instead of going to a cinema, you may as well watch the movie on the TV at home = Hall TV

éÀ ¢ÁRx ÆœE´÷ îª÷ÊÆ •ü¿’©’, Éçöx èπÿ®Ω’aE ™ îª÷úÌa éπü∆?
Can't help but = Can't help. ´÷´‚©’í¬ can't help ÅØÓ, can't but ÅØÓ Åçö«ç, 'ûª°æpü¿’— ÅØË Q. How do we use the following semi-modals in Å®ΩnçûÓ. conversation. Do give telugu translations
You can't help walking = †úø-´éπ ûª°æpü¿’ = You also. be at a loss to, be supposed to, be can't but walk. ≤ƒ-üµ∆®Ω-ùçí¬ You can't help but bound to, be liable to, be apt to, be on the walk ÅE, help, but éπL°œ ¢√úøç. Å®·ûË Ñ ´’üµ¿u point of. íÌ°æp Ççí∫x Å¢Á’-J-éπØ˛ ®Ωîª-®·-ûª-L™« can't help but A. In all the expressions, we can use any 'be' ÅE ¢√úø’-ûª’-Ø√o®Ω’. form instead of 'be'.
Can't make nothing of it- ÉC ÆæÈ®j† ´÷ô é¬ü¿’.
be at a loss to (understand) = Å®Ωnç îËÆæ’-éÓcan't make anything of it ™‰ü∆ can make noth™‰-èπ◊ç-úøôç. ing of it ÅØ√L. Å®Ωnç– Ø√Íéç Å®Ωnç 鬴úøç ™‰ü¿’ I am at a loss to understand how he died so ÅE. suddenly = Åçûª Åéπ-≤ƒt-ûª’hí¬ á™« îªE-§Ú-ߪ÷úÓ I can't make anything/ I can make nothing of Ø√éπ-®Ωn-´’-´-úøç-™‰ü¿’. what he is saying = Åûª-úøç-ô’-†oC Ø√Íéç Å®Ωnç-鬴úøç ™‰ü¿’.
be supposed to = ņ’-éÓ-•-úøôç. He is supposed to be the greatest actor of
Can you beat it? DEéÀ v°æûËu-éπ-¢Á’i† Å®Ωnç àç ™‰ü¿’. Beat Åçõ‰ ãúÕç-îªúøç ÅØË Å®Ωnç BÆæ’-èπ◊çõ‰ K. Ramakrishna, Ongole the day. ÑØ√öÀ ¢Ë’öÀ-†-ô’-úÕí¬ Åûªúø’ ņ’-éÓ-•-úø’Can you beat him? Åçõ‰ †’´¤y ¢√úÕE ãúÕç-îªûª’-Ø√oúø’ (Åûª-úÕ-E ņ’-èπ◊ç-ô’-Ø√o®Ω’) Q. What are the telugu translations to the below í∫-©¢√ ÅØË Å®Ωnç ´Ææ’hçC.
be bound to = éπ*a-ûªçí¬ àüÁjØ√ îËߪ÷Lq ®√´úøç/ given sentences.
Will be able to = îËߪ’-í∫-©-í∫úøç. Future ™ îË Ê Æ •ü¿ ’ l ¥ ú Õ í ¬ Öçúø ô ç. He is a teacher, is he? would/ should/ can/ could/ may/ might be A. He is a teacher, is he? - Åûªúø’ öÃîª-Í®Ø√? ÅE
I am bound to go there tomorrow = Í®°æ¤ ؈-éπ\able to - OöÀéÀ Lesson No. 35 - 38 îª÷úøçúÕ. úÕ é À éπ * aû ª ç í¬ ¢Á ∞ «x L . ´uçí∫uçí¬ Åúø-í∫úøç.

Spoken English -§ƒ-ûª -¢√u≤ƒ-©éÓÆæç -éÀxé˙ -îË-ߪ’ç-úÕ.. URL: http://www.eenadu.net/spoken/spoken.htm

-´’çí∫-∞¡¢√®Ωç 21 ÅéÓ-d-•®Ω’ 2008-

Ñ-Ø√-úø’ £j«-ü¿®√-¶«-ü˛

Vasoo: Hi Swapna, finished your assignment?

(Ææy-§ƒo ÅÂÆj-Ø˛-¢Á’ç--ö¸ °æ‹®Ωh-®·uçü∆?) Assignment = Nü∆u-®Ω’n-©èπ◊ §ƒ®∏√uç-¨»© O’ü¿/ ÖüÓu-í¬-©’, ´%ûª’h™x Ö†o-¢√-∞¡xèπ◊ Å°æp-Tç-*† °æE).

ject

Project

Swapna: (I'm) still on the job. How about lending a hand? Sasi has promised to help, but for some reason best known to herself has been hanging back. I did help her a lot when the going wasn't good for her.

(Ç °æE O’üË ÖØ√o. é¬Ææh ≤ƒßª’ç îËߪ’èπÿ-úøü∆? ¨¡P ≤ƒßª’ç îË≤ƒh-†E ´÷ô É*açC, é¬F áçü¿’-éπØÓ ´·çü¿’èπ◊ ®√´-úøç ™‰ü¿’. ûª† °æ†’©’ ÆæJí¬_ ï®Ωí∫†°æ¤púø’ ؈’ ûª†èπ◊ ≤ƒßª’ç î˨»†’).

O’ü¿ °æE-îË-Ææ’h-Ø√oúø’. Çߪ’† ü¿í∫_®Ω éÌEo °æ¤Ææh-鬩’Ø√oߪ’E îÁ§ƒpúø’. ÅN Fèπ◊ Ö°æ ßÁ÷-í∫-°æ-úÌa.) = v°æù«Réπ v°æ鬮Ωç îËÊÆ °æE àüÁjØ√. äéπ v°æù«-Ré¬ v°æ鬮Ωç F®Ω’ ´%-ü∑∆ §Úèπ◊çú≈ E©y-îË-ÊÆç-ü¿’èπ◊ †ü¿’-©èπ◊ ú≈u¢˛’-©†’ éπúøû√ç. 鬕öÀd ¢√öÀE v§ƒñ„-èπ◊d©’ Åçö«ç.

Swapna: Then why don't you put me on to him? I am impatient to finish the assignment. I want to have it done and dusted.

(Å®·ûË Ø√é¬-ߪ’-††’ °æJ-îªßª’ç îËߪ’¢√? Ñ assignment á°æ¤p-úÁ-°æ¤p-úÁ-°æ¤púø’ Å®· §Úûª’çü∆ ÅE ÖçC Ø√èπ◊. °æ‹Jh îËÊÆ-ߪ÷©-†’çC.)

2

1) To be on the job =

äéπ-°æE îËÆæ÷h/ O’üË Öçúøôç (ÉC Phrasal verb é¬ü¿’). a) You wanted him to clean and tidy up the house. He is on the job =

¢√úÕE †’´¤y É©’x ¨¡Ÿv¶µº-°æ-J* Ææ®Ωl-´’-Ø√o´¤. Åûª-úø’ -Ç °æE-O’üË ÖØ√oúø’.

b) Don't worry. We have some of our best men on the job. Your house will be completed in time =

about you =

°æJ-Æœn-ûª’-©’ -Å-†’-èπÿ-Lç-*-†çûª ´®Ωèπÿ ´’†Lo á´®Ω÷ à-O’ ņ®Ω’.

b) The going hasn't been very good for Ganguly and Dravid for sometime now =

í∫çí∫÷-MéÃ, vü∆Nú˛èπÿ °æJ-Æœn-ûª’©’ éÌçûª-é¬-©çí¬ ¶«í¬-™‰´¤.

O’Í®ç ¶«üµ¿-°æ-úø-éπçúÕ. ´÷ ´’ç* °æE-¢√-∞¡x™ let down - to let somebody down = éÌçü¿®Ω’ O’ °æE-O’üË ÖØ√o®Ω’. O’ É©’x Ææé¬-©ç™ 5) To îË ≤ ƒh -´’†o Ææ£æ…ߪ’ç É≤ƒh-´’†o ´’ü¿lûª’ É´y-èπ◊çú≈ Vasoo: Sasi isn't the type. Some powerful rea°æ‹®Ωh-´¤-ûª’çC. Vasoo: Make it tomorrow evening then uncle is E®√-¨¡-°æ-®Ω-îªúøç. son must be holding her back. c) I don't know why, but I feel like sleeping when likely to be at our place then. My friend let me down by denying his (Å™«ç-öÀC é¬ü¿’ ¨¡-P. àüÓ •©-¢Á’i† 鬮Ωùç on the job = áçü¿’éÓ -ûÁL-ߪ’-ü¿’. °æE™ Ö†o- a) promised (Å®·ûË Í ® °æ ¤ ≤ƒßª ’ çvûª ç î Ë ≤ ƒh . ´÷ ¶«¶«®· help = Ææ£æ…ߪ’ç îË≤ƒh-†E ´÷ô É*a† ûª-†-†’ Ç°æ¤ûª÷ Öçú≈L.) °æ¤púË Ø√èπ◊ Evü¿ §Ú¢√-©-E-°œÆæ’hç-C. ´÷ ÉçöÀ-éÌ-≤ƒhúø’). Ø√ ÊÆo£œ « û ª’úø’ (´÷ô E©-¶„-ô’d-éÓ-èπ◊çú≈) ††’o Swapna: I know too that she isn't one to let Phrasal verbs †’ í∫’Jç* éÌçûª 2) To hang back = (àü¿-®·Ø√ °æE-îË-ÊÆç-ü¿’èπ◊) ¢Á†’Éçûª è π ◊ ´·çü¿ ’ E®√¨ ¡ ° æ J î √ú ø’.down a friend in need. She must be é¬-úøôç/ ÆæçüË-£œ«ç-îª-úøç. Phrasal verbs Åçõ‰ í∫’®Ω’hçC éπü∆? ûÁ © ’Æ æ ’ è π ◊ Ø√oç . b) He let down his team down by his poor bathaving some reason, I know. What I a) She is hanging back from äéπ verb - ü∆E ûª®√yûª, äéπ ting = îÁûªh ¶«u-öÀçí˚ îËÆ œ ûª†Â°j áçûÓ Ç¨¡©’ °ô’dfeel is she could let me know of it signing the agreement = Preposition(s) / adverb(s), èπ◊†o ûª† ïô’d†’ -Å-ûª-úø’ E®√-¨¡-°æ-J-î√-úø’. (¨¡P Å´-Ææ-®Ωç™ Ö†o ¢√∞¡x†’ ´C-™‰ÊÆ ®Ωéπç ´*a, ¢√öÀ™ äéÌ\-éπ\-ü∆E Å®√n-EéÃ, ä°æpçü¿ç O’ü¿ Ææçûªéπç îËÊÆç- c) Hope you will not let me down by not being -Ççí∫x-¶µ«-≠æ-ù 511 é¬ü¿E Ø√èπÿ ûÁ©’Ææ’. àüÓ é¬®Ωùç ÖçúÕ Öçú≈-©E ¢√öÀE éπL°œûË ´îËa ¢Á·ûªhç Å®√n-Eéà ü¿’èπ◊ Ç¢Á’ ¢Á†’-é¬-úø’-ûÓçC. present at the voting. I am counting on your èπÿú≈ Ø√èπ◊ ûÁ©’Ææ’. ؈’vote = -ã-öÀçí˚èπ◊ ®√´-úøç Å-ØËC àN’-ôçõ‰ ÅüËüÓ Ø√èπ◊ ´÷E ††’o E®√-¨¡-°æ®Ω-îªèπ◊. F îÁ§Òp-a éπü∆ ÅE). ãô’ O’ü¿ØË ØË-†’ -Çüµ∆®ΩVasoo: I think she works °æ ú ø ’ û ª ’ Ø√o. for a firm that

I am still on the job

keeps her busy. She moves about a lot too because of her job.

à-O’ Ææç•çüµ¿ç ™‰éπ-§ÚûË ü∆Eo Åçö«ç.

Phrasal

verb

(

ûª†’ °æE îËÊÆ éπç°-F ûª-†-ØÁ°æ¤púø÷ BJéπ eg: to put out = (Lights, ´’çô©’ ™‰èπ◊çú≈ Öç-ûª’çC. Ç °æE-´©x A®Ω’-í∫’úø’ ™«çöÀN) -ÇÍ®p-ߪ’-úøç îª÷úøçúÕ. Ééπ\úø put èπÿú≈ áèπ◊\¢Ë). Å®√n-E-éÀ-, out Å®√n-E-éÀ-, put out ¢Á·ûªhç Å®√nfirm = company. Eéà Ææç•çüµ¿ç ™‰ü¿’ éπü∆. 鬕öÀd put outSwapna: Well, she can tell me of it. You know Å-ØË-C phrasal verb. Ñ Lesson ™ éÌEo very well the kind of help I need from phrasal verbs îª÷ü∆lç. her, I can have only from her. She has the information I need.

(ÅC Ø√ûÓ îÁ§Òp-a-éπü∆? ûª†’ Ø√èπ◊ îËߪ’-í∫-L-T† Ææ£æ…ߪ’ç ûªØÌ-éπ\ûË îËߪ’-í∫-©ü¿’/-ØË-Ø√¢Á’ ü¿í∫_Í® §Òçü¿-í∫-©†’. Ø√é¬\-¢√Lq† Ææ´÷-î√®Ωç ûª† ü¿í∫_Í® ÖçC.) Vasoo: You are wrong there. I forgot to tell you. My uncle works on the same project. He told me yesterday he has some books on the subject. I'm sure they can be of help to you.

(Åéπ\úË §Ò®Ω-•-úø’-ûª’Ø√o´¤ †’´¤y. Fèπ◊ îÁ°æpúøç ´’Ja-§Úߪ÷. ´÷ ¶«¶«®· èπÿú≈ ÉüË proN. Sashi, Hyderabad. Q. Have had / has had

Ñ °æü∆-©†’ á°æ¤púø’, áéπ\úø ᙫ ¢√ú≈™ Öü∆-£æ«-®Ω-ù-©ûÓ N´Jç-îªçúÕ.

A. Have had/ has had = have / has + past participle of have =

Éçûª-´-®Ωèπ◊ äéπ ´Ææ’h´¤ ´’†-èπ◊ç-úøôç/ í∫ûªç™ á°æ¤púÓ ûÁL-ߪ’E Æ洒ߪ’ç™ Öçúøôç. Åûª-

c) She has had coffee already and doesn't want any more =

Ç¢Á’ 鬰∂‘ BÆæ’-èπ◊çC, ÉçÍéO’ Åéπ\-Í®xü¿’. Q. éÀçC ¢√é¬u-© í∫’-Jç-* -N-´-Jç-îªç-úÕ. He is gone. He is prepared. Questions are given. The box is broken. The above four sentences are passive sentences or not? If they are not passive voice

äéπ-J-E ÉçéÌ-éπ-JéÀ °æJ-îªßª’ç îËߪ’-úøç.

a) I don't have what you need, but I can put you on to one who can help you with it =

F éπ´-Ææ-®Ω-¢Á’içC Ø√ ü¿í∫_-®Ω -™‰ü¿’, é¬F Fé¬ Ææ£æ…ߪ’ç îËߪ’-í∫© ´uéÀhE °æJ-îªßª’ç îËߪ’-í∫-©†’. b) If you can do it, do it don't put me onto anyone else =

2) For reasons best known to herself, she has been hanging back.

†’´¤y îËߪ’-í∫-L-TûËØË îË®·. ÅçûË-é¬E ÉçÈé-´J ü¿í∫_®Ωéà ††’o °æç°æèπ◊. a) I was about to tell her the secret but held back 7) Done and dusted = °æ‹Jh-îË-Æ œ† (phrasal verb in the last minute = Ç¢Á’èπ◊ Ø√ ®Ω£æ«Ææuç îÁÊ°p-ߪ÷é¬C C Idiom). ©-†’-èπ◊-Ø√o-†’-í¬F, *´J éπ~ùç™ ÇÊ°-¨»†’.

3) ... some powerful reason must be holding her back.

b) What's holding you back? why don't you join us for the picnic =

1) I am still on the job.

4) I did help her a lot when the going wasn't good for her. 5) She isn't the one to let down a friend in need. 6) Why don't you put me on to him. 7) I want to have it done and dusted.

à 鬮Ω-ùç-´©x †’¢√y-T-§Ú-ûª’Ø√o¢˛? ´÷ûÓ °œéÀoé˙èπ◊ -áç-ü¿’èπ◊ ®√èπÿ-úøü¿’? 4) Good Going = °æJ-Æ œn-ûª’©’ ņ’-èπÿ-Lç-îª-úøç/ äéπ °æE ¶«í¬ îËߪ’úøç. Å®·ûË Going is good Åçõ‰ °æJ-Æ œn-ûª’©†’èπÿLç-îª-úøç ÅØË Å®ΩnçûÓ ¢√úøû√ç. a) So long as the going is good, none complains

sentences, please explain them in detail with examples. A. The first two sentence are not passive, though the verbs there are, be forms+pp. In sentence 1, 'gone' talks about his state of being 'gone' In prepared talks about preparedness active voice try (They prepare) him

(¢ÁRx-†-¢√úÁj ÖØ√oúø’).

2) (Æœü¿l¥-°æúÕ ÖØ√oúø’). OöÀ È®ç-úÕçöÀéà îËߪ’çúÕ, ®√´¤. ®√´îª’a., é¬F ÉüË Å®Ωnç ®√ü¿’.) 3) and 4) are passive sentences.

Ñ é¬®Ω’ Ø√ ü¿í∫_®Ω ´‚úË-∞¡Ÿxí¬ ÖçC.úÕéÀ E†oöÀ †’ç* ïy®Ωçí¬ ÖçC.

b) The other students rushed ahead to see the VIP, but he hung back, watching what would happen =

N’í∫û√ Nü∆u-®Ω’n-©çû√ Ç N.-â.°œ.E îª÷ö«d-EéÀ áí∫-•-úÕûË, Åûªúø’ ´÷vûªç àç ï®Ω’-í∫’-ûª’çüÓ îª÷ÊÆç-ü¿’èπ◊ ¢Á†-èπ◊ç-úÕ§Ú-ߪ÷úø’.M.SURESAN 3) To hold back = Ç°æ-úøç/ Çí∫-úøç (îËߪ÷-©-†’-èπ◊†o °æEE/ îÁ§ƒp-©-†’-èπ◊†o N≠æLook at the following sentences from the conߪ÷Eo îËߪ’-èπ◊çú≈ îÁ°æp-èπ◊çú≈ Öçúøôç). versation above.

a) I have had this car for 3 years now = b) He has had this fever since yesterday =

6) To put (somebody) on to (somebody else) =

A. Penchalaiah, Rajampet Q.

éÀçC¢√-öÀ-E N´-Jç-îªçúÕ.


I will have none of you. I will have none of you = I will have none of it

O’È®-´®Ω÷ Ø√éÌü¿’l. ÅØË ¢√éπuç, †’´¤y Å®·ûË, îÁÊ°püËO’ ؈’ N†-ü¿-©’--éÓ-™‰ü¿’ ÅØË Å®√n-EoÆæ’hçC.



Be off. Be off = get out. To go by to go by = to go according to something. I go by what you say =

†’´¤y îÁÊ°pü∆-Eo -Å-†’-Ææ-Jç* ؈’ îË≤ƒh.

a) Here is my Spoken English lesson for the Newspaper, done and dusted = Spoken English lesson

®√ߪ÷-Lq† °æ‹®Ωh-®·§Ú-®·çC.

-¢√®√h°æ-vAéπèπ◊ ÉCíÓ,

b) They brought all the furniture, done and dusted =

¢Á·ûªhç °∂æ-Ko-˝ °æ‹JhîËÆœ ¢√∞¡Ÿx BÆæ’-éÌ-î√a®Ω’. ÉC É°æ¤p-úÕ°æ¤p-úø’ áèπ◊\-´í¬ ¢√úø’-éπ-™éÀ ´Ææ’h†o ´÷ô. practice îËߪ’çúÕ.

°æ-´®˝ -¢Ë’-ØË-ñ¸-¢Á’ç-ö¸-™ °æçñ«¶¸ -N-¨¡y-N-ü∆u-©-ߪ’ç áç.-G.-á. ´’£æ«J{ ü¿ßª÷-†çü˛ N¨¡y- îªçúŒ-í∫-úµ˛-™E °æçñ«¶¸ N¨¡y-N-ü∆u-©ßª’ç, ߪ‚E-´-Jqöà N-ü∆u-©-ߪ÷-EéÀ ņ’-•ç-üµ¿çí¬ Ö†o £æ«®√u-Ø√-™E ØË≠æ- G>-ØÁÆˇ Ææ÷\™¸ áç.G.-á.(-â.G., £«î˝.-Ç®˝., •ßÁ÷õ„-é˙)™ v°æ¢Ë¨¡ç éÓÆæç ü¿®Ω-ë«-Ææ’h©’ Ç£æ…y-Eç-*çC. †™¸ °æ´®˝ wõ„jEçí˚ ÉØ˛-Æœd-ô÷uö¸ 'áç.G.á. v§Úví¬¢˛’ ÉØ˛ °æ´®˝ ¢Ë’ØË-ñ ¸-¢Á’ç-ö¸—- éÓ-®Ω’q™ v°æ¢Ë-¨»-EéÀ ü¿®Ω-ë«-Ææ’h©’ Ç£æ…y-Eç-*çC. áç°œéπ : †´ç-•®˝ 16† ïJÍí é¬uö¸–2008 °æKéπ~ ≤Ú\®Ω’ ü∆y®√ áç°œéπ îË≤ƒh®Ω’. Å®Ω|-ûª©’ : G.É. ™‰éπ ûªûªq-´÷† °æK-éπ~™ ÅEo ÂÆN’Ææd-®˝q™ Ææí∫-ô’† éπFÆæç 60 ¨»ûªç ´÷®Ω’\©’ç-ú≈L. ü¿®Ω-ë«Ææ’h : v§ƒÂÆp-éπdÆˇ, Å°œx-Íé-≠æØ˛ §ÚÆæ’d ü∆y®√ éÓ®Ω’èπ◊çõ‰ ®Ω÷.1000©èπ◊ National Power Training Institute, Faridabad Ê°®Ω’°j úÕ.úÕ.- BÆœ N†-A-°ævûªç ïûª-îËÆœ °æ秃L. ¢Á¶¸-ÂÆjö¸ www.ntpi.nic.in †’ç* èπÿú≈ úˆØ˛-™ú˛ îËÆæ’-éÓ-´îª’a. -´·-êu-¢Á’i-† -ûË-D-©’-: -ü¿®Ω-ë«Ææ’h-© -ñ«-K: -ÅéÓd-•®˝ 1 -†’ç-* -v§ƒ®Ωç-¶µº-¢Á’iç-C. -Å°œx-Íé-≠æ†x Æ‘yéπ-®Ω-ùèπ◊ *´JûËD : 2009 °∂œv•-´J 23. ví∫÷°ˇúÕÆæ \-≠æ-Ø˛, -Éç-ô®Ω÷yu-©’: 2009 -´÷-Ja 26, 27.

Å®Ω|-ûª©’ : 1. áç.G.-á.(-•-ßÁ÷-õ„é˙) éÓ®Ω’qèπ◊: •ßÁ÷ -ÂÆj-ØÁq-Æˇ™ úÕvU ™‰ü∆ °œ.>.-úÕvU™ éπFÆæç 50 ¨»ûªç ´÷®Ω’\©’ ®√¢√L. 2.áç.G.á.(£«î˝.-Ç®˝, Éûª®Ω éÓ®Ω’q-©èπ◊) : éπFÆæç 50 ¨»ûªç ´÷®Ω’\-©ûÓ úÕvU ™‰éπ ûªûªq-´÷† éÓ®Ω’q îËÆœ Öçú≈L. áç°œéπ : †´ç-•®˝ 16, 2008† ïJÍí é¬uö¸ °æKéπ~ ≤Ú\®Ω’ Çüµ∆-®Ωçí¬ áç°œéπ îË≤ƒh®Ω’. ü¿®Ω-ë«Ææ’h : v§ƒÂÆp-éπdÆˇ, ü¿®Ω-ë«Ææ’h §∂ƒ®√-©†’ ¢Á¶¸-ÂÆjö¸ †’ç* úˆØ˛-™ú˛ îËÆæ’-éÓ-´îª’a. Éûª®Ω N´-®√©èπ◊ ¢Á¶¸-ÂÆjö¸ www.ubs.puchd.ac îª÷úÌa. -´·-êu-¢Á’i-† -ûË-D-©’-: 1. ü¿®Ω-ë«-Ææ’h© ñ«K: ÅéÓd-•®˝ 15 †’ç* †´ç-•®˝ 15 ´®Ωèπ◊. 2) ü¿®Ω-ë«-Ææ’h© Æ‘yéπ-®Ω-ùèπ◊ *´J ûËD: †´ç-•®˝ 15. *®Ω’-Ø√´÷: Chairman, University Business School, Panjab University, Chandigarh-160014

Spoken English -§ƒ-ûª -¢√u≤ƒ-©éÓÆæç -éÀxé˙ -îË-ߪ’ç-úÕ.. URL: http://www.eenadu.net/spoken/spoken.htm

í∫’®Ω’-¢√®Ωç 23 -ÅéÓd-•®Ω’ 2008

Ñ-Ø√-úø’ £j«-ü¿®√-¶«-ü˛

S. Sriram, Hyderabad Q. By pass road

†’ ûÁ©’-í∫’™

à´’-Ø√L? ´’Rxç°æ¤ ü∆J/ ®Ω£æ«-ü∆J ÅØÌa. Q. (Bank) Pass book †’ ûÁ©’-í∫’™ à´’--ØÌa? A. ûÁ©’-í∫’™ ÆæÈ®j† ´÷ô-™‰ü¿’. Q. ®√´’-ߪ ’u†’ Ramayya ÅE é¬èπ◊çú≈ Ramaiah ÅE áçü¿’èπ◊ ®√Ææ’h-Ø√o®Ω’. 'ߪ’u— èπ◊ iah ᙫ ÆæJ- §Ú-ûª’çC? A. Indian names N≠æ-ߪ÷-E-éÌÊÆh, ÆæÈ®j† ¨¡¶«lEo ûÁLÊ° à spelling Å®·Ø√ ÆæJ-§Ú-ûª’çC. Standard spelling Åçô÷ àç Öçúøü¿’. Q. ü¿Ææ®√ ÂÆpLxçí˚ 'Dussehra' éπÈ®-ÍédØ√? A. British §ƒ©† Å´-¨Ï≠æç Ç spelling (Dussehra). Dasara Åçõ‰ ÆæJ-§Ú-ûª’çC, Cuddapah èπ◊ •ü¿’©’ Kadapa ÅE -¢√-úÌ-a. A.

A. 'See' has the meaning of 'meet' too. With the meaning of 'meet' 'see' can be used in the am/ is/ are + ing form. In the sentence, 'you are always seeing strange things', the word 'see' has the meaning of imagining With this meaning, am/ is/ are seeing is used, but it is not correct. 'You always see strange things' is certainly better.

(Ü£œ«ç--

éÓ-´-úøç).

One of the meanings of 'think' is, having ideas, words or pictures in your mind about something' 'am/ is/ 'What are you thinkare thinking' ing?' -

(äéπ N≠æߪ’ç í∫’-Jç-* ´’†èπ◊ éπ-LÍí Ç™-îª-†©’, ´÷ô©’, ü¿%¨»u©’). Ñ Å®ΩnçûÓ ¢√úø-´îª’a. üËEo í∫’-Jç-* Ç™-*-Ææ’h-Ø√o´¤?/ àç îÁ§ƒp-© -†’-èπ◊ç-ô’-Ø√o´¤? ü∆Eo í∫’-Jç-* N≠æߪ’ç àç Öç-C ´’†-Ææ’™ ÅØË-é¬F, †’¢Ëyç Ç™-*-Ææ’h-Ø√o-´E é¬ü¿’. Ç Å®ΩnçûÓ 'I was just thinking it was a good idea' - (Ç, àç ™‰ü¿’ ÅC -´’ç* Ç™-îªØË ÅE°œç-*çC Ø√èπ◊) correct.

G. Shankar, Keshavapatnam Q. What is/ are the difference between the sentences which are as follow under.

Nagasrinivas, Chirala Q.

i) I don't try to speak loudly. ii) I try not to speak loudly. A . i) ii)

Gí∫_-®Ωí¬ ´÷ö«x-úËç-ü¿’èπ◊ v°æߪ’-Aoç-’. Gí∫_-®Ωí¬ ´÷ö«x-úø-èπ◊çú≈ ÖçúËç-ü¿’èπ◊ v°æߪ’-Ao≤ƒh†’– È®ç-úÕçöÀéà ŮΩnç ü∆ü∆°æ¤ -äéπ-õ‰.

2

P. Srinivasu, Tatiparthi. Q. May I request you to clarify the following doubts. He started to run. He started running.

-O-öÀ -´’-üµ¿u ûË-ú≈ -à-N’-öÀ?

A. He started to run = He started running

He is going to pay the bill tomorrow= bill He will pay the bill

Å-ûª-úø’ îÁLxç-îª-¶-ûª’-Ø√oúø’– ÉC éπçõ‰ éπ*aûªç. (He shall pay the bill = Åûª-úø’ G™¸ îÁLxç-î√L-

Q. I like to play cricket. I like playing cricket.

Í®°æ¤

A. I like to play cricket = I like playing cricket (cricket

Çúøôç Ø√éÀ-≠dçæ )

Order/ rule)

In these contexts, to play = playing; to start = starting.

P. Simhachalam, Vijayawada Q.

éÀçC ¢√é¬u©†’ ÉçTx-≠ˇ-™éÀ ņ’-´-Cç-îªçúÕ. ÂÆ©-´¤© í∫’Jç* ÅúÕ-TûË ≤ƒ®˝ à´’-Ø√o®Ω’?

A. What did the teacher say about holidays?

í∫ûªç™ †’ç* Éçé¬ îËÆæ’hç-úøí∫-LÍí ¢√úÕE ņ-ú≈-EéÀ could have + p.p. + ing form ¢√úø´î√a?

´’E/ ï®Ω’-í∫’-ûª’ç-ü¿-E îÁ°æp-úøç.

(°æ®Ω’í∫’ v§ƒ®Ωç-Gµç-î√úø’)

Q.

-Ççí∫x-¶µ«-≠æ-ù 512

Éûª-®Ω’© ÅGµ-v§ƒ-ߪ÷-©†’ ´’†ç íı®Ω-Nç-î√™‰ ûª°æp, ´’† ÅGµ-v§ƒßª÷-©†’ ¢√∞¡x°j ®Ω’ü¿lèπÿúøü¿’.

A. We should only respect

He is to pay (be form + infinitive) the bill =

Åûª-úø’ bill îÁLxç-î√L/ îÁLxç-î√Lq ÖçC (Éçé¬ îÁLxç-îª-™‰ü¿’) He was to pay the bill = í∫ûªç™ Åûª-úø’ bill îÁLxç-î√Lq ÖçúÕçC (îÁLxç-î√úø’ èπÿú≈ ÅØË Å®Ωnç, ≤ƒüµ¿uç) Q. ÉçTx≠ˇÂ°j °æô’d ≤ƒCµç-î √-©çõ‰ ´÷ûª%-¶µ«≠æ ûÁ©’-í∫’°j °æô’d Öçú≈-©E Åçô’-Ø√o®Ω’. Åçõ‰ àN’öÀ? ņ’¢√ü¿ °æ¤Ææh-鬩’ (ÉçTx≠ˇ †’ç* ûÁ©’í∫’) îªCN Å®Ωnç îËÆæ’-éÓ-¢√™«? ™‰éπ-§ÚûË ÉçTx-≠ˇ™ sentence structures practice îËÆ œ ØË®Ω’a-éÓ¢√™«? Sentence structure èπ◊ Ææç•ç-Cµç* éÌEo ņ’-¢√ü¿ °æ¤Ææh鬩 Ê°®Ω’x îÁ°æpçúÕ. A. English ´îËaç-ü¿’èπ◊ ûÁ©’í∫’ ¶«í¬ ûÁL-ߪ÷-LqçüË. ÆæçüË-£æ«ç-™‰ü¿’. áçü¿’-éπçõ‰ ´’† Ç™-îª-†©’ Ææp≠ædçí¬ Öçõ‰ ´’†-¶µ«≠æ èπÿú≈ Ææp≠ædçí¬ Öçô’çC. ûÁ©’í∫’ ¶«í¬ ûÁLÆœ Öçõ‰, ¶µ«´- Ææp≠æd-ûª °®Ω’í∫’-ûª’çC. Å°æ¤púø’ English ™ èπÿú≈ ´’†ç Ææp≠ædçí¬ îÁ°æp-í∫©ç. Structures practise îËÆœ-†çûª ´÷vû√† English °j °æô’d-®√ü¿’. Sentence ™ °æü∆© Å´’-Jéπ (structure) É™« Öçú≈L ņ’-èπ◊E, Ç v°æ鬮Ωç (´÷ö«xúË-ô°æ¤púø’) °æü∆-©†’ Å´’-®Ωaç- éπü∆? English ´÷ö«x-úøE ¢√∞¡x-´’üµ¿uí∫ü∆ ´’†ç Öçô’Ø√oç. Åçü¿’-éπE next best áçûª O©’çõ‰ Åçûª English îªü¿-´-úøç ´©x ™«¶µº-°æ-úøû√ç. Grammar knowledge, structures Åçûªí¬ ≤ƒßª’-°æ-úø´¤. Å´-鬨¡ç *éÀ\-†-°æ¤p-úø™«x, ûª§Úp, ä§Úp ´÷ö«x-úË-ߪ’-úøç, O©-®·-†çûªÊÆ°æ¤ English N-†-úøç (TV newscasts) O©-®·-†çûª English îªü¿-´-úøç Öûªh-´’´÷®Ω_ç. Q. ÉçTx-≠ˇ™  standard grammar books Ê°®Ω’x -ûÁ-©’°æí∫-©®Ω’. A. O’èπ◊ ´’ç* Grammar books: 1) Essential

I alone can do it

Q. i) I alone can do it. ii) I can do it alone. A . i)

ØËØÌ-éπ\-úÕØË ÅC îËߪ’-í∫-©†’ ii) ؈C äéπ\-úÕí¬ (Éûª-®Ω’© Ææ£æ…ߪ’ç ™‰èπ◊çú≈) îËߪ’-í∫-©†’.

Q. i) The mother loves Amitab better than me. ii) The mother loves Amitab better than I. A . i)

Ç ûªLx ††’o vÊ°N’ç-îËç-ü¿’-éπçõ‰ ÅN’-û√-¶¸†’ áèπ◊\´ vÊ°N’-Ææ’hçC = Ç ûªLxéÀ Ø√°j éπçõ‰ èπÿú≈ ÅN’-û√¶¸ O’ü¿ vÊ°´’ áèπ◊\´ ii) ÅN’-û√-¶¸†’ ؈’ vÊ°N’ç-îËçü¿’ éπØ√o Ç¢Á’ áèπ◊\´ vÊ°N’-Ææ’hçC = ÅN’-û√¶¸ °æôx Ø√èπ◊†o vÊ°´’-éπØ√o Ç¢Á’ vÊ°´’ áèπ◊\´.

A. Could have p.p. ing form p.p been Been p.p.

He could have been (p.p.) doing it for two days now =

Q. ؈’ Ø√ @N-ûªç™ àüÁjØ√ ≤ƒCµç-î √Åûª-†C È®çúø’Lq† Æ洒ߪ’ç ´*açC. ®Ó-V© véÀûªç †’ç* É°æp-öÀ-´-®Ωèπ◊/ Éçé¬ A. The time has come when I îÁߪ’u-í∫-©’í∫’ûª’ç-úË-¢√-úË (é¬E îËߪ’-™‰-éπ-§Ú- M.SURESAN should achieve something in life. ߪ÷úø’) Q. Å®·Ø√ éπ≥ƒd©’ ´’†èπ◊ îÁ°œp ´≤ƒhߪ÷ àçöÀ? 鬙«-EéÀ ûªí∫_-ô’dí¬ Ææ®Ω’l-èπ◊-§ÚÅ®·ûË, îËߪ’-í∫-Lí¬úø’ (î˨»úø’ èπÿú≈) ÅØË Å®Ωnç ´-úø¢Ë’. 鬢√-©çõ‰ He has been able to do it Å-Ø√-L. Q. í∫ûªç™ †’ç* Éçé¬ ï®Ω’-í∫’ûª÷ ÖçúËC ņ-ú≈-EéÀ A. We can't anticipate/ No knowing when we face troubles. We've to get adjusted with would have + P.P. + ing form ¢√úÌî√a?

A. Sudhakar,Peddamallareddy (Nizamabad) A. It would have been going on for sometime = Q. You told us in the previous lessons about 'if conditions' have no shall, will, should and would in them. But I have seen some sentences like (a) If you will wait a moment I'll fetch a chair (b) I should be very grateful if you would do that for me. Please clarify. A. In sentences like a) If you will wait a moment... the 'if' clause is not a conditional clause. It is a request, and so the rule that will/ shall/ would/ should should not be used in it does not apply here. In your sentences, If you will wait = Just wait a moment, and... if you would do that = please do that. So you see that not all clauses beginning with 'if' are conditional clauses. A conditional clause expresses a condition. That is, what the main clause states will happen only if what the subordinate clause (beginning with 'if' some times) states happens. eg: If he gets the job, his mother will feel happy. Here his mother will feel happy on condition that he gets the job. If you pay more, you can travel A/C = on condition that you pay more, you can travel A/C.

ï®Ω’-í∫’ûª÷ ÖçúËüË é¬E ï®Ω-í∫-™‰ü¿’. It has been going on for sometime past = Q.

í∫ûªç™ v§ƒ®Ωç-¶µº-¢Á’i Éçé¬ ï®Ω’-í∫’ûª÷ ÖçC. í∫ûªç †’ç* Éçé¬ îËߪ÷Lq ÖçúËC É™«çöÀ expressions †’ ÉçTx-≠ˇ™  ᙫ ûÁ©’-°æ-´îª’a? OöÀÍé-¢Á’iØ√ structure Öçü∆?

A. Somebody- he/ she/ they, etc, should have been doing it-

¢√-∞¡xC îËÆæ÷h Öçú≈-LqçC, é¬F îËߪ’-

úøç ™‰ü¿’. They must have been doing it for sometime now =

¢√∞¡xC éÌçûª-é¬-©çí¬ éπ*a-ûªçí¬ îËÆæ÷h ÖØ√o®Ω’. à ´’ç* Grammar book Å®·Ø√ OöÀE N´-Jç-îªí∫-©ü¿’. Q. Éûªúø’ ™‰éπ-§ÚûË, ؈’ ÉEo ®ÓV© †’ç* Ééπ\úø Öçúøí∫-©’-í∫’-ûª’çõ‰ ¢√úÕE é¬ü¿’– -D-E-E -É-™« Å-ØÌî√a? If he is no, I couldn't have been living here for such this time. A.

ÉC ÆæJ-é¬ü¿’. É™« ÅØ√L. If he had not been here I could not have been here for such a long time.

(Åûª-úø’ ™‰éπ-§Ú-ߪ·çõ‰),

(-ØËEç-ûª-鬩-N’éπ\úø Öçúø-í∫-LÍí¢√--úÕ-E-鬆’– Öçúø-í∫-L-í¬†’) Q. Åûª-úø’çõ‰ ؈’ îËÆæ’hçúË¢√úÕE ņ-ú≈-EéÀ If he is, I ™ ®√´¤ éπü∆. Ñ ¢√é¬u-©†’ N´-Jç-îªçúÕ. would have been doing it ņ-´î√a? 1. I'm seeing her tomorrow. Åûªúø’ ™‰éπ-§ÚûË Øˆ’ îËߪ÷Lq ´îËaC ÅE ņ-ú≈-EéÀ 2. You're always seeing something ᙫ Åçö«ç? strange. A. Ééπ\úø èπÿú≈, If he had been here, I would to 3. I was just thinking it might be a good have been doing it Åçö«ç. idea.

Q. Present continuous some verbs see, think, know, understand etc., am + is + are + ing form

™

others' opinions but not impose our opinions on them.

Åçõ‰ Ééπ\úø Åçõ‰ Å®·-†-ôx-®·ûË ¢√úø-´îª’a. ûª°æp ÉçÍé ¢√úø-ö«-EéÀ ™‰ü¿’.

them/ take them in their stride.

Q.

®Ω°∂æ·èπ◊ F ÂÆ™¸-§∂ÚØ˛ í∫’Jç* îÁ°æp-èπ◊çú≈ ´’ç* °æE î˨»´¤. ™‰éπ-§ÚûË ¶«u™„Ø˛q §∂ÚØ˛™ ¢Ëߪ’-´’E ´’† ñ‰•’©’ *©’x©’ îËÊÆ-¢√úø’.

A. You did a good thing, not telling Raghu about the cell phone. Otherwise he'd have made a hole in our pockets by ... (Balance phone

™ ¢Ëߪ’-úø-´’çõ‰ Å®Ωnç 鬙‰ü¿’) Q. ¶µºN-≠æuû˝ 鬙«-EéÀ Ææç•ç-Cµç-*† will/ shall + infinitive, be form + going to, Be about to, simple present tense, present continuous tense, (am, is was) be + to

í∫’Jç* ûÁ©’-°æ-í∫-©®Ω’. OöÀE ¢√úË Ææçü¿-®√s¥-©†’ Öü∆-£æ«-®Ω-ù-©ûÓ N´-Jç-îªçúÕ. A. ûÁ©’-Ææ’-í∫ü∆? I/ We + shall, he/ she/ it/ they + will- Åçûª éπ*a-ûªç-é¬E ¶µºN-≠æûª’h†’ ûÁ-L-ߪ’-ñ‰≤ƒh®·. I shall be here again- ØËE-éπ\úø ´’Sx Öçö« (éπ*aûªç é¬ü¿’) He will go tomorrow- Í®°æ¤ ¢√úø’¢Á-∞«húø’ (éπ*a-ûªç-é¬ü¿’) ÅüË I/ we + will- ´÷ö«xúË ¢√∞¡x E®Ωg-ߪ÷Eo, ÖüËl-¨»Eo, ¢√∞¡Ÿx- ´÷ô É´y--ú≈Eo ûÁ©’°æ¤-ûª’çC. He/ she/ it/ they + shall- orders (Çïc©’), E•ç-üµ¿-†©’, ´÷ô É´y--ú≈Eéà -¢√úø-û√ç. Å®·ûË, Modern English ™ ´·êuçí¬ spoken form ™, will ÅEoç-öÀéà ¢√úø’-ûª’-Ø√o®Ω’. äéπ E•ç-üµ¿-†©’ ûÁ-LÊ°ç-ü¿’Íé he/ she/ it/ they shall ¢√úø’-ûª’Ø√oç. shall be/ will be doing- ¶µºN-≠æu-ûª’h™  ņ’-èπ◊†o ã Ææ´’-ߪ÷-EéÀ, ï®Ω’-í∫’ûª÷ ÖçúË °æEéÀ -îÁ-•’-û√ç. I shall/ will be discussing this matter with him tomorrow-

Í®°‘ N≠æ-ߪ÷Eo Åûª-úÕûÓ

îªJa-Ææ’hç-ö«†’. Be (am/ is/ are/ was/ were) going to do (something)=

English Grammar 2) Advanced English Grammar by Reymond Murphy. Q.

éÀçC ¢√é¬u-©†’ ûÁ©’-í∫’™ ņ’-´-Cç-îªçúÕ. Let me sleep over it.

A.

é¬ÊÆ-§ƒí∫’. ††’o é¬Ææh E®Ωg-®·ç-îËç-ü¿’èπ◊.

time

BÆæ’éÓF, ü∆Eo í∫’-Jç-*

Q. Stop kidding, and don't even joke about it. A.

F

jokes

Ç°æ¤.

kidding = joke

îËߪ’-úøç

Q. Wake up, sleep head. You were no.1 not any more, I suppose. A. Sleepy head, sleep head - Sleepy head = Wake up, sleepy head. You were no.1. Not any more =

é¬ü¿’ Evü¿-¢Á·£æ«ç (°æ‹Jhí¬ Evü¿-´’ûª’h -†’ç* éÓ©’-éÓ-E¢√∞¡Ÿx). ¢Ë’™\, Evü¿ ¢Á·£æ«´÷. äéπ-°æ¤púø’ †’´¤y ØÁç.1. É°æ¤púø’ é¬ü¿’.

Q. Stop yapping and get the hat out of my house. A.

°œ*a-°œ-*aí¬ éÓ°æç ûÁ°œpç-îËô’d ¢√í∫èπ◊. §Ú, Ééπ\-úÕoç*. (Get out)

Q. Are you no nuts? This is Vijayawada. A.

FÍé-´’Ø√o °œîÁa-éÀ\çü∆? ÉC Nï-ߪ’-¢√úø.

Q. If you speak another word you're fired. A.

ÉçéÓ-´÷ô ´÷ö«x-ú≈-´çõ‰ F ÖüÓuí∫ç Üúø’-ûª’çC. (fire = ÖüÓuí∫ç †’ç* ûÌ©-Tç-îª-úøç).

¶µºN-≠æu-û˝™ àüÁjØ√ îËߪ’-¶-ûª’-Ø√o-

Spoken English -§ƒ-ûª -¢√u≤ƒ-©éÓÆæç -éÀxé˙ -îË-ߪ’ç-úÕ.. URL: http://www.eenadu.net/spoken/spoken.htm

-Ç-C-¢√®Ωç 26 -ÅéÓd-•®Ω’ 2008 D. Umapathi, Adilabad Q. Let me know the difference between 'Surety' and 'Guarantor', which words being used various places in finance and banking sectors. Is there any legal terminology demands to write like 'Guarantor' instead of 'surety'. Please give some examples with usage. A. 'Guarantor' is a general term (a non legal word) which means a person who agrees to be responsible for somebody's behaviour in general or accepts the responsibility to see something happens. 'A 'Surety' is a legal word. It means 1) an amount of money offered as a promise that you will repay a debt (on your/ someone else's behalf), appear in court, etc., 2) a person who takes the responsibility to repay a debt if the debtor fails to repay the debt, appear in court on their behalf.

V Madhulalitha, Tadipatri Q.

éÀçC ¢√é¬u-©-†’ ÉçTx-≠ˇ™ N´-Jç-îªí∫-©®Ω’. Opposition

A. The opposition leaders had a dharna staged by their party men.

î√™«-´’çC v°æï©’ ®√≠æçZ ™ ´’ü∆uEo EÊ≠-Cµçî√-©E éÓ®Ω’-ûª’Ø√o®Ω’.

O’®Ω’ úø•’s©’ É≤ƒh-´’çõ‰ ؈’ ´≤ƒh†’. ™‰ü¿çõ‰ ®√†’.

A. I won't come unless you pay. Q.

Åûªúø’ ûª† ûªLxE ÇÆæ’-°æ-vA™ îª÷°œ-≤ƒh-†E îÁ°œp, îª÷°œç-îª-™‰ü¿’.

A. He said he would take his mother to hospital but didn't. Q.

O’®Ω’ Ø√èπ◊ ÉçTx≠ˇ ØËJp-≤ƒh-†E îÁ°œp ØËJpç-îª-™‰ü¿’.

A. You said you would teach me English, but you didn't. Q.

°Rx-èπÿ-ûª’®Ω’ ûªLx-ü¿ç-vúø’-©†’ éπ†’-èπ◊\E ´÷èπ◊ §∂ÚØ˛ îËߪ’-´’E ®√VûÓ îÁ§ƒp†’.

A. I told Raju to find out from the brides parents and phone us. Q.

á´®Ω’, á´-JE éÌö«d®Ω’?

A. Who beat who? Q.

á´®Ω’ Fèπ◊ §∂ÚØ˛ îË≤ƒh-´’E îÁ§ƒp®Ω’?

A. Who told you they would phone you? Q.

ñ«Ø˛ Ø√èπ◊ §∂ÚØ˛ îË≤ƒh-†E îÁ§ƒp®Ω’.

A. John told me he would call me. Q.

Æ‘Y© £æ«èπ◊\-©èπ◊ ´’ü¿lA*a, §Ú®√-úË-¢√®Ω’. ÉçéÌ-éπ-JéÀ àü¿-®·Ø√ ®√Æœ °õ‰d-¢√®Ω’ (¢√u≤ƒ©’, ví∫çü∑∆©’ ™«çöÀN) Q. O’ ņo-ü¿-´·t™x †’´¤y áØÓo-¢√-úÕN? ÅE ÉçTx-≠ˇ™  ᙫ Åúø-í¬L? A. DEéÀ English ™ ÆæÈ®j† ´÷ô-™‰x´¤. Q. 'É™«í∫®·ûË á™«?—, 'éπ©-é¬©ç ´Jn©’x—. Ñ ¢√é¬u-©-†’ ÉçTx-≠ˇ™ ᙫ îÁ§ƒpL? Ghost Writer =

A. 'If this is so, how can we get on?' 'May you live long with all prosperity.'


Add up =

°®Ω-í∫úøç.

The amount he saved added upto Rs. 10,000/-

= ûª†’ ü∆-èπ◊†o ¢Á·ûªhç 10 ¢Ë©-ü∆é¬ Â°J-TçC.
Add up to = ÆæÈ®j† 鬮Ω-ù-´’-´úøç. He hasn't attended classes for a week. What does it add up to?. He doesn't like studies= classes

¢√®Ωçí¬ Åûª ú ø ’ èπ ◊ ®√´úø ç ™‰ ü ¿ ’ . 鬮Ω ù ç ûÁ © ’-Ææ÷hØË Q. That's why wife treats husband like toxic ÖçC éπ ü ∆? Åûª ú Õ é À îª ü ¿ ’ ´¤ É≠æ d ç ™‰ ü ¿ ’ . waste - Å®Ωnç ûÁ©’-í∫’™ N´-Jç-îª-í∫-©®Ω’.
Agree with = àéÃ-¶µº-Nç-îªúøç. He doesn't agree A. Åçü¿’-éπØË ¶µ«®Ωu ¶µº®Ωh†’, N≠æ-éπ-®Ω-¢Á’i† ´u®Ωn °æü∆-®Ωnçí¬ with his father in the matter of dowry = éπôoç îª÷Ææ’hçC. N≠æ-ߪ’ç™ Åûªúø’ ûª† ûªçvúÕûÓ àéÃ-¶µº-Nç-îª-úøç ™‰ü¿’. Q. All that you can afford ..
Aim at = ©éπ~uçí¬ Â°ô’d-éÓ-´úøç. Both Lalu and A. †’´¤y é̆-í∫-L-Tç-ü¿™«x- All that you can afford is Mayavathi are aiming at PM's office = ™«©÷, just a cycle = †’-´¤y é̆-í∫-L-Tç-ü¿™«x äéπ ÂÆjéÀ-™ ¸´÷ߪ÷-´B Éü¿l®Ω÷ PM °æü¿-NE ©éπ~uçí¬ Â°ô’d-èπ◊´÷-vûª¢Ë’. Ø√o®Ω’. Q. áØ˛-ÂÆj-éÓx-°‘-úÕߪ÷ Åçõ‰ Å®Ωnç àN’öÀ?
Allow for = °æJ-í∫-ù-†-™ éÀ BÆæ’-éÓ-´úøç. It shouldn't A. Encyclopedia = Nñ«c† cost more than Rs.20000/Ææ®ΩyÆæyç. ´’†èπ◊ 鬢√Lq† à even after allowing for the N≠æߪ’ç í∫’Jç-îª-®·Ø√ ûÁLߪ’recent rise in prices = üµ¿®Ω© -Ççí∫x-¶µ«-≠æ-ù 513 °®Ω’-í∫’-ü¿© °æJ-í∫ù†™éÀ BÆæ’èπ◊Ø√o ñ‰ßª’í∫© °æ¤Ææhéπç.

I worked in the company for a year. I can answer for the quality of their products = company

Ç ™ ؈’ äéπ àú≈C °æE-îË-¨»†’. ¢√∞¡x ûªßª÷-K© Ø√ùu-ûªèπ◊ ؈’ °æ‹< É´y-í∫-©†’. 2) Ææçñ«®·≠‘ Éa-éÓ-´úøç= I am doing it on your advice. You have to answer for the consequences =

F Ææ©£æ… ¢Ë’®Ωèπ◊ ØËF °æE-îË-Ææ’hØ√o. °∂æLû√-©èπ◊ FüË ¶«üµ¿uûª/ †’¢Ëy Ææçñ«-®·≠‘ Éa-éÓ-¢√L.
Answer to = ï¢√-•’-ü∆-Kí¬ Öçúøôç. He answers only to the Managing Director of the company = M.D.

Ç ÆæçÆæn

Íé Åûªúø’ ï¢√-•’-ü∆K. îÁLxç-îªúøç.


Ante up = If you want a good Engineering degree you have to ante up at least 60 to 70 thousand rupees =

´’ç* Éç>-FJçí˚ Nü¿u 鬢√-©çõ‰, éπFÆæç 60 ¢Ë© †’ç* 70 ¢Ë© ´®Ωèπÿ îÁLxç-î√Lq Öçô’çC. (up the ante = üˆo®·Ø√ °çîªúøç, ´·êuçí¬ üµ¿®Ω-©†’)
Arrive at = äéπ îÓöÀéÀ/ äéπ Ææ´’-ߪ’ç™ îË®Ωúøç.

I've asked them over for Deepavali

A. A large number of people want a ban on liquor in the state. Q.

A. Feminist =

2

leaders

ûª´’ §ƒKd 鬮Ωu-éπ-®Ωh© îËûª üµ¿®√o îË®·ç-î√®Ω’.

Q.

Ñ-Ø√-úø’ £j«-ü¿®√-¶«-ü˛

á´®Ω’, á´-JE éÌöÀdç-î√®Ω’?

A. Who got whom beaten?

J. Krishna, Rajapuram Q.

åö¸ ≤ÚJqç-í˚èπ◊ ûÁ©’-í∫’™ Å®Ωnç àN’öÀ? A. àü¿-®·Ø√ ã °ü¿l ÆæçÆæn ü∆E-éπ-´-Ææ-®Ω-¢Á’i† *†o-°æ-†’-©†’ ûª´’ ÖüÓu-í∫’©èπ◊ é¬èπ◊çú≈, •ßª’-öÀ¢√-JéÀ Å°æp-Tç-îªúøç, BPO = Business Process Outsourcing =

¢√u§ƒ-®Ωç™ éÌEo v°ævéÀ-ߪ’-©†’, •ßª’-öÀ¢√-J-ûÓ îË®·ç--éÓ-´úøç. î√™« telephone éπç°-F©’, ¢√∞¡x G©’x© ûªßª÷-KE, ûªßª÷-È®j† G©’x-©†’, customers èπ◊ °æç°æ-ú≈Eo, éÌEoéÌEo-îÓôx ¢√öÀE ´Ææ÷©’ îËߪ’ú≈Eo Éûª®Ω ÆæçÆæn©èπ◊ Å°æpT-Ææ’hç-ö«®·– ÉC BPO. Å™«Íí °ü¿l, °ü¿l 鬮Ω’x ûªßª÷-®Ω’-îËÊÆ ÆæçÆæn©’, ¢√öÀé¬\-¢√-Lq† horns, screws, nuts, head lamps ™«çöÀ ¢√öÀE *†o •ßª’öÀ company ©ûÓ îË®·ç--éÓ-´úøç èπÿú≈ BPO. Q. °∂N’-EÆˇd, °∂æ’Æˇd È®jô®˝– OöÀéÀ ûÁ©’-í∫’™ Å®Ωnç àN’öÀ?

Naga Srinivasa, Chirala. Q.

éÀçC Phrasal verbs èπ◊ ûÁ©’-í∫’™ ÆæÈ®j† Å®√n-©†’ ûÁ©’-°æ-í∫-©®Ω’.

ü∆E üµ¿®Ω 20000 ®Ω÷§ƒ-ߪ’-©èπ◊ N’ç-îªü¿’.
Allow of = Ææ’≤ƒüµ¿uç îËߪ’úøç. The delay in the release of books allows of only one reason- the government wants to help black marketeers.

Accord with, Account for, Account, Ace out, Ache for, Act out, Act up, Add up, Add upto, Agree with, Aim at, Allow of, Allude to, Amount to, M.SURESAN black market Angle for, Announce against, Announce for, Answer for, Answer to, Ante up, Arrive at,
Allude to = The minister Arse about/ around, Ascribe to, Ask after, Ask in his speech alluded to the past governaround, Ask for, Ask in, Ask out, Ask over/ ment's failures = round, Aspire to.

The train arrived at Hyderabad at 12 noon.


Arse about =

(ÉC-é¬Ææh •÷ûª’ ´÷ô) = °ü¿l©, íı®Ω-´-F-ߪ·-© Ææ´’-éπ~ç™ ¢√úø-èπÿ-úø-EC – v§ƒ´·-êu癉E N≠æ-ߪ÷-©ûÓ Æ洒ߪ’ç ´%-ü∑∆ îËߪ’úøç. He arses about talking about films.


Ascribe to =

äéπ-JéÀ äéπ í∫’ùç (´·êuçí¬ îÁúø’ í∫’ùç) Öçü¿E îÁ°æpúøç/ ™‰E í∫’ù«©’ Åçô-í∫-ôdúøç. Don't ascribe selfishness to me = Ø√èπ◊ ≤ƒy®Ωnç Åçô-í∫-ôdèπ◊.
Ask after = äéπJ ßÁ÷í∫-Íé ~-´÷©’ Nî√-Jç-îªúøç. He asked after you = F èπ◊¨¡©ç í∫’Jç* ÅúÕ-í¬úø’ Åûª úø’. ûª† v°æÆæç-í∫ç™ ´’çvA í∫ûª v°æ¶µº’ûªy ¢Áj°∂æ-™«u-©†’ í∫’Jç* v°æ≤ƒh-Nç-î√®Ω’
Ask around = üËEo í∫’Jç-îª-®·Ø√ ¢√éπ-•’-îË-ߪ’úøç/ Nî√-Jç-îªúøç. (°æ®Ó-éπ~çí¬). I asked around at office if anybody could help
Amount to = 1) éÌçûª ¢Á·ûªhç Å´úøç. The fares = §ƒ®∏Ωu°æ¤Ææh-鬩 Núø’-ü¿©™ ñ«§ƒu-EéÀ äéπ 鬮Ω-ù¢Ë’ ≤ƒüµ¿uç– ¢√∞¡xèπ◊ v°æ¶µº’ûªyç ≤ƒ-ߪ’°æ-ú≈-©-†’éÓ-´-úøç. °æ®Ó-éπ~çí¬ v°æ≤ƒh-Nç-îªúøç.


Accord with = The government's actions are not in accord with their policies =

ÆæJ-§Ú-´úøç.

v°æ¶µº’ûªy Ωu©’ ü∆E Nüµ∆-Ø√-©èπ◊ ÆæJ-§Ú-´úøç ™‰ü¿’/ ¢√J Nüµ∆-Ø√-©èπ◊, Ωu-©èπ◊ §Òçûª-†-™‰ü¿’. §Òçûª-†-™‰ü¿’ ÅØË-ü∆-Eo áèπ◊\´í¬- not ûÓ ¢√úøû√ç.
Account for = 1) 鬮Ωù-´’´úøç/ N´-Jç-îªúøç. The traffic jam accounts for the delay of my arrival = Traffic jam

鬮Ωùç´©x Ø√ ®√éπ Ç©Ææuç Å®·çC. 2) äéπ ¢Á·ûªhç/ Ææçêu Å´úøç: Andhras account for 50% of the pilgrims to Sabarimala = ¨¡•-J´’© ߪ÷vA-èπ◊™x 50 ¨»ûªç Ççvüµ¿’™‰.
Ace out = defeat = ãúÕç-îªúøç. The Indian team aced out Australia in the last test match = í∫ûª test match ™ ¶µ«®Ωûª -ïô’d ÇÊÆZ-L-ߪ÷†’ ãúÕç-*çC.
Ache for= áèπ◊\-´í¬ éÓ®Ω’-éÓ-´úøç/ ûª°œçîªúøç. The child is aching for a mother's love =

to the place and back amount to a thousand rupees =

Åéπ\-úÕéÀ ¢ÁRx AJ-íÌ-îËaç-ü¿’èπ◊ 1000 ®Ω÷§ƒßª’©’ Å´¤ûª’çC. 2) äéπü∆EéÀçü¿ ™„éπ\-´úøç/ äéπü∆EûÓ Ææ´÷†´’´úøç your behaviour amounts to violation of duty = F v°æ´-®Ωh† NCµ Ö©xç°∂æ’† éÀçCéÀ ´Ææ’hçC/ ûÓ Ææ´÷†ç.
Angle for = äéπ-ü∆Eo éÓ®Ω’éÓ´úøç (•ßª’-öÀéÀ îÁ°æpèπ◊çú≈). He is angling for Prime ministership = ÅûªúÕ ü¿%≠œd v°æüµ∆E °æü¿N O’ü¿ ÖçC.
Announce against = (®√ï-éÃ-ߪ÷™x) äéπ ®√ï-éÃߪ’ Ø√ߪ’-èπ◊-úÕ-éÀ-í¬F, §ƒKdéÀí¬F •£œ«-®Ωç-í∫çí¬ ´uA-Í®-éπûª ûÁ©-°æúøç. The very people who announced against the party are getting ready to join it now =

•£œ«-®Ωçí∫çí¬ Ç §ƒKdéÀ ´uA-Í®-éπûª ûÁL-°œ-†-¢√∞¡Ÿx, É°æ¤pú≈ §ƒKd™ îËÍ®ç-ü¿’èπ◊ Æœü¿l¥-°æ-úø’-ûª’-Ø√o®Ω’. The teacher made the students act out the
Announce for x Announce against = äéπ lesson on Ekalavya- àéπ-©-´u O’-C §ƒ®∏√Eo Ø√ߪ’-èπ◊-úÕéÀ/ §ƒKdéÀ •£œ«-®Ωç-í∫çí¬ ´’ü¿lûª’ ûÁ©-°æúøç = teacher °œ©x©ûÓ †öÀç-°æ-ñ‰-Æ œçC. A number of TDP members have announced
Act up = 1) (ߪ’çvû√©’/ Å´-ߪ’-¢√©’) °æE-îË-ߪ’-éπfor PRP = TDP Æ涵º’u©’ î√™«´’çC PRP èπ◊ •£œ«§Ú-´úøç. As Kumble's shoulders acted up, he ®Ωç-í∫çí¬ ´’ü¿lûª’ ûÁL-§ƒ®Ω’. missed the last test = èπ◊綉x ¶µº’ïç ÆæJí¬ °æE-
Answer back = (´·êuçí¬ °œ©x©’) °ü¿l-¢√-∞¡xèπ◊ îË-ߪ’-éπ-§Ú-´úøçûÓ í∫ûª test Çúø-™‰-éπ-§Ú-ߪ÷úø’. •ü¿’©’/ áü¿’®Ω’ îÁ°æpúøç. 2) °œ©x-™«xçöÀ¢√∞¡Ÿx ÅAí¬ v°æ´-Jhç-îªúøç. The The mother told the child not to answer back teacher made the boy stand as he acted up = ûª†èπ◊ áü¿’®Ω’-îÁ-§Òp-ü¿lE Gúøf†’ ûªLx í∫ü¿-´÷-®·ç= ÅAí¬ v°æ´-Jhç-îª-úøç ´©x teacher ÅûªúÕE E©-¶„*çC. ö«dúø’. Don't act up. you may face trouble =
Answer for = 1) Éûª-®Ω’©èπ◊ †´’téπç, Ø√ùuûª ÅAí¬ v°æ´-Jhç-îªèπ◊. *èπ◊\™x °æúø-í∫-©´¤. (´Ææ’h-´¤© N≠æߪ’ç èπÿú≈) í∫’Jç* -¶µº®Ó≤ƒ É´yúøç. ûªLx vÊ°´’-éÓÆæç ûª°œç-*-§Ú-ûÓçC.
Act out = ã Ææçü¿-®√s¥Eo, éπü∑¿†’ †ô-†™ îª÷°æúøç-

me/ I asked around for any vacant house =

á´®Ω®·Ø√ Ø√èπ◊ Ææ£æ…ߪ’ç îËߪ’-í∫-©-Í®-¢Á÷-†E Nî√-Jçî√†’/ àü¿-®·Ø√ É©’x ë«Sí¬ ÖçüË-¢Á÷-†E ¢√éπ•’ î˨»†’.
Ask for = á´-J-éÓ-Ææ-¢Á’iØ√ Åúø-í∫úøç. The boss was asking for you after you had left office = †’´¤y Ç°∂‘Æˇ ´CL ¢ÁRx† ûª®√yûª boss E†’o í∫’Jç*/ F éÓÆæç ÅúÕ-í¬úø’.
Ask in = Ç£æ…y-Eç-îªúøç ´’† ÉçöxéÀ. When I saw him standing in the sun, I asked him in =

Åûªúø’ áçúø™ E©--•úÕ Öçúøôç îª÷Æœ, ÅûªúÕE ؈’ ÉçöxéÀ °œ-L-î√†’/ Ç£æ…y-Eç-î√†’.
Ask out = ´’†ç ¢Á∞¡Ÿ-ûª’†o/ ¢Á∞«l-´’-†’-èπ◊†o îÓöÀéÀ Éûª®Ω’©†’ Ç£æ…yEç-îªúøç. He asked his girl freind out to a movie. = -ûª-† girl freind -†’ Æœ-E-´÷èπ◊ Ç£æ…yEç--î √-úø’.
Ask over = á´J†-®·Ø√ ÉçöÀéÀ Ç£æ…yEç-îªúøç. I've asked them over for Deepavali = ¢√∞¡x†’ D§ƒ-´-RéÀ ´÷ ÉçöÀéÀ Ç£æ…yEç-î√†’= ask around.
Aspire to = ≤ƒCµç-î √-©ØË Çé¬çéπ~ Öçúøôç. He is aspiring to be the next CM- ûª®√yA CM í¬ Öçú≈-©E Åûªúø’ Çé¬çéÀ~-Ææ’h-Ø√oúø’. Gandhi never aspired to any position or power =

à °æü¿-´¤-©†’, ÅCµ-é¬-®√Eo í¬çDµ á†oúø÷ Çé¬ç-éÀ~ç-îª-™‰ü¿’.

Spoken English -§ƒ-ûª -¢√u≤ƒ-©éÓÆæç -éÀxé˙ -îË-ߪ’ç-úÕ.. URL: http://www.eenadu.net/spoken/spoken.htm

-´’çí∫-∞¡-¢√®Ωç 28 -ÅéÓd-•®Ω’ 2008

Ñ-Ø√-úø’ £j«-ü¿®√-¶«-ü˛

K. Rama Rao, Poluru.

M. Aakamsha, Hyderabad.

Q. Your brother who rides a motor-cycle does not use a helmet. Advise him to use a helmet. It would be better for you, using a helmet.

Q. Should have been, Could have been be forms Question tags should or have).

DEéÀ Ææ´÷-üµ∆†ç

ÉC éπÈ®é˙d Å´¤-ûª’çü∆? ™‰ü∆ Éçé¬ à´’-®·Ø√ Öçõ‰ îÁ°æpçúÕ.

A. It'll be better for you to wear a helmet/ It's better for you to wear a helmet/ You had better wear a helmet best).

(ÉC ÅEoç-öÀ™

Q. How do you do? do?

DEéÀ Ææ´÷-üµ∆†ç How do you Å´¤-ûª’çü∆? ¢ËÍ® à´’-®·Ø√ Öçü∆? A. ÅçûË, How do you do? ņúø¢Ë’ How do you do ´·çü¿’, thank you îË®Ωa-´îª’a. Q. How are you? ÅØË-ü∆-EéÀ I am fine Ææ´÷-üµ∆†ç Å´¤-ûª’çü∆? é¬ü∆? A. Thank You, I am fine. How are you, ÆæÈ®j† response.

Q. Return these books to the library

¢√öÀ™ à´’-´¤-ûª’çC? a) Making a request b) Offering a suggestion

ÅØËC éÀçC

É™«çöÀ ᙫ BÆæ’-èπ◊E

èπ◊

®√ߪ÷L? (

A. Should have been, could have been Question tags, should, could form

èπ◊ îË≤ƒhç.

ûÓØË

He should have been here by now, shouldn’t he? She could have been a collector, couldn’t she? Q. Split infinitives

èπ◊ Å®Ωnç ᙫ ´Ææ’hçüÓ Öü∆-£æ«-®Ω-ù-

©ûÓ N´-Jç-îªçúÕ. Åçõ‰,

Ñ ¢√úË-ô-°æ¤púø’, èπ◊, ´’üµ¿u à ´÷ö« ¢√úø-èπÿ-úø-ü¿E request

you

A. They should have done it =

¢√∞¡xC îËÆœ Öçú≈LqçC (é¬E îËߪ’™‰ü¿’)

Q. They will have done it; they would have done it. A. They will have done it = Future time

You don’t need to go (need - main verb)

™ äéπ èπ◊ îËÊÆÆœ Öçö«®Ω’.

b) British English: Need they go now?

They would have done it =

(need - helping verb) =

¢√∞¡xC îËÊÆ ¢√∞Ïx

American English:

(é¬F îËߪ’-™‰ü¿’)

A. Infinitive to + 1st RDW (Regular Doing Word) - to go, to come, to sing, etc. infinitive to 1st RDW rule. I

2

to

kindly

-©èπÿ -

help

me.

Do they need to go now?

Q. They can have done it; they could have done it.

Need English

N≠æ-ߪ’ç™ British Englishèπ◊, American èπ◊ Å®Ωnç™ èπÿú≈ ûËú≈ ÖçC. British English™ needèπ◊ Å®Ωnç, have to/ must ÅE ´Ææ’hçC. Å®·ûË áèπ◊\-´í¬ question™/ notûÓ ´Ææ’hçC.

A. They can have done it =

(É°æ¤púø’) îËߪ’í∫LT Öçö«®Ω’/ Å®·-§Ú-ߪ·ç-úÌa – ÉC áèπ◊\´ ¢√úøç. They could have done it = ¢√∞¡xC îËߪ’-í∫-L-Íí-¢√∞Ïx é¬F îËߪ’-™‰ü¿’.

Ñ sentence ™ to help infinitive. To, help- ©èπ◊ ´’üµ¿u kindly ®√´úøç ´©x- -- Q. They may to kindly help, split infinitive. (Infinitive †’ Núødone it. D-ߪ’úøç). I request you to help me kindly ņ™‰ç. áçü¿’éπçõ‰ (kindly (ü¿ßª’ûÓ) me ûª®√yûª ´Ææ’hçC 鬕öÀd. Å™« -Ççí∫x-¶µ«-≠æ-ù 514 ®√´úøç ´©x help ÅØË-ü∆-EéÀ

have done it;

Need I see the officer now?

they might have

a) British English: officer to see the officer?)

A. They may have done it = They might have done it =

ØËE-°æ¤púø’

îËÊÆÆœ ÖçúÌa.

A. Return the books to the library request/ suggestion/ order

ØËE-°æ¤púø’ †’ îª÷ÊÆ Å´-Ææ®Ωç Öçü∆?

How dare you do that?

ÉC

Å´¤Q. They must have done it; ûª’çü∆ ÅØËC ÅC îÁÊ°p-¢√∞¡x éπç®∏Ω-üµ¿y-EE •öÀd Kindly ü¿÷®Ω¢Á’i Å®Ωnç ÆæJí¬ ®√éπ-§Ú-´-îªaE. Öçô’çC. é¬Ææh í∫öÀdí¬ îÁGûË order. éÌçîÁç *´J Åçü¿’-éπE éÌçü¿®Ω’ to kindly help ņúøç A. They must have done it = îËÆ œ ´÷ô†’ áèπ◊\´ üµ¿yEûÓ Åçõ‰ suggestion. É≠æd-°æ-úø-û√®Ω’. Öçú≈L ¢√∞¡Ÿx, Å®·-§Ú®· Öçô’ç-ü¿ØË Please îË®Ωa-éπ-§Ú-®·Ø√ Ç üµ¿yEûÓ Åçõ‰ request, Å®ΩnçûÓ. Grammar v°æ鬮Ωç É™« ®√ߪ’úøç ûª°æ¤p. statement ´÷vûªç é¬ü¿’. They must have passed the Å®·ûË É°æ¤púø’ É™« Ö°æ-ßÁ÷-Tç-îªúøç ¢√úø’Èéj exam = Exam pass ÅßË’u Öçú≈L. §Ú®·çC. Otherwise they wouldn’t have got ÉçéÓ N≠æߪ’ç request ņ-úøç-™ØË M.SURESAN Irfan, Nandyal. the job = ™‰éπ§ÚûË ¢√∞¡xèπ◊ job ´îËaC Q. á´-J-ûÓ-ØÁjØ√ ®√vA 9.00 í∫çô-©èπ◊ éπLÊÆh à´’E N≠ˇ ü¿ßª’ûÓ ÅØË ¶µ«´ç ´Ææ’hçC 鬕öÀd request é¬ü¿ ’ (´*açC) îËߪ÷L?either good evening, or good night. ¢√úÕûË Kindly ¢√úø†´-Ææ®Ωç ™‰ü¿’. Q. They need have done it; they ought have I request you to help me î√©’. He told me A. Good evening Åçö«ç. ®√vA-°æ‹ô Åçû√ ´÷ö«xúÕ done it; they seem have done it. to slowly drive the car. Ééπ\úø èπÿú≈ to slowly drive, NúÕ-§Ú-ßË’-ô-°æ¤púø’, Evü¿-§ÚßË’ ´·çü¿’ ´÷vûª¢Ë’ good Ééπ \úø dare, need, seem, ought © ûª®√yûª to split infinitive- ûªÊ°p. He told me to drive the car night ÅØ√L. ´Ææ ’ h ç C éπü∆. Åçü¿’-´©x OöÀE to ûÓ á™« Ö°æ-ßÁ÷-Tçslowly, better. Split infintive Å®·Ø√ split îËߪ’E Q. éÀçC ¢√é¬u-©†’ ÉçTx-≠ˇ™  ᙫ îÁ§ƒpL? î√™ îÁ°æpçúÕ. infinitive Å®·Ø√ Å®Ωnç ´÷®Ωü¿’. ؈’ Í®°æ¤ É©’x ë«S îËÆæ’hØ√o†’. They ought to have done it = ¢√∞¡xC (ûª´’ Q. Vocabulary °ç-éÓ-´-ú≈-EéÀ à¢ÁjØ√ °æü¿l¥-ûª’-©’çõ‰ A. I am vacating tomorrow. üµ¿®Ωtçí¬ / ØÁjAé𠶫üµ¿u-ûªí¬) îËߪ÷-LqçC, é¬F îËߪ’ûÁ©’-°æ-í∫-©®Ω’? ™‰ü¿’. Q. ؈’ F∞¡Ÿx °æö«dL. GçüÁ áéπ\úø ÖçC? A. áçûª English îªC-NûË, Åçûª Vocabulary °çQ. They dare have done it. -N-´-Jç-îªç-úÕ. A. I have to draw/ collect water where’s the veséÓ-´îª’a. Vocabulary O’ü¿ °æ¤Ææh-鬩’ èπÿú≈ î√™« sel? (GçüÁèπ◊ ÆæÈ®j† ´÷ô english™ ™‰ü¿’.) A. Dare èπ◊ È®çúø®√n-©’-Ø√o®·– ÖØ√o®·. Q. Vote of thanks Åçõ‰ àN’öÀ? ᙫ îÁ§ƒpL? 1) Ææ¢√©’ îËߪ’úøç 2) áçûª üµÁj®Ωuç? ÅØË ¶µ«´ç. Q. ÅçûË-éπü∆?-Å-†-ú≈-EéÀ -Éç-Tx-≠ˇ-™  -à-´’-Ø√-L? Ææ¢√©’ îËߪ’úøç ÅØË Å®ΩnçûÓØË dare to ´Ææ’hçC. A. Vote of thanks Åçõ‰ Ææ-¶µº -*-´®Óx ´·êu ÅA-ü∑¿’-©èπ◊, A. Isn’t it so? He dared me to a fight = †-†’o -Å-ûª-úø’ §Úö«x-ôèπ◊ Éûª®Ω Ç£æ›-ûª’-©èπ◊, Æ涵º ≤ƒ°∂‘í¬ †úÕ-îËç-ü¿’èπ◊ Ææ£æ«-éπ- Q. 'Å™«ç-ô-°æ¤púø’— -†’ -Éç-Tx-≠ˇ-™ -à-´’ç-ö«®Ω’? Ææ¢√©’ î˨»úø’. Jç-*† Åçü¿-JéÃ, éπ%ûª-ïc-ûª©’ ûÁL-ߪ’-ñ‰-ߪ’úøç. A. Then/ in such a case Dare = ≤ƒ£æ«-Æ œç-îªúøç/ áçûª üµÁj®Ωuç ÅE ques¢Á·ü¿ô, Chief guest (´·êu ÅAC∑)/ President/ Q. 'ᙫíÓ™«— -Å-E -Éç-Tx-≠ˇ-™ -á-™« -îÁ-§ƒp-L? tion™ Ç üµÁj®Ωuç-™‰ü¿’, ÅE negative™ ¢√úøû√ç. Chairman (Åüµ¿u-èπ~◊©’)/ Guests of honour A. Somehow or the other. Ééπ\úø to ®√ü¿’. (íı®Ω´ ÅA-ü∑¿’-©èπ◊) Thanks îÁ•’û√ç. Q. Can èπ◊ able to èπ◊ ¶µ‰ü¿ç èπ◊x°æhçí¬ îÁ°æpçúÕ. How dare you do that? = ÅC îËÊÆç-ü¿’èπ◊ áçûª It’s my privilege now/ I have the privilege A. Can = îËߪ’-í∫-LT Öçúøôç – ÉC ¢√úÕ-†-°æ¤púø’ ´’†ç üµÁj®Ωuç Fèπ◊? now to propose a/ the vote of thanks. îË Æ æ ÷ h ÖçúÌîª ’ a, ™‰ é π § Ú´ îª ’ a. He dare not face her = Ç¢Á’†’ áü¿’-®Ì\ØË üµÁj®Ωuç First of all, on behalf of (ûª®Ω-°æ¤†) The Able to = îËߪ’-í∫-LT, îËÆæ’h-Ø√o†’. ÅûªúÕéÀ ™‰ü¿’. Association (Æ涵º†’ E®Ωy-£œ«ç-îË-¢√®Ω’), and on I can play cricket = ؈’ cricket Çúø-í∫-©†’. my (own) behalf, I’d like to thank Sri/ Smt... Need †’ È®çúø’ ®Ωé¬-©’í¬ ¢√úøû√ç – (Ñ ¢√éπuç™ Çúøôç ïJ-Tçü∆ ™‰ü∆ ûÁL-ߪ’ü¿’) for her presence here on this occasion. 1) Main verb í¬ I need your help = F Inspite of his/ her busy schedule, but she I am able to cricket = É°æ¤púø’ ؈’ cricket ÇúøÆæ£æ…ߪ’ç Ø√éπ-´-Ææ®Ωç she doesn’t need any has accepted our invitation and be here, í∫-©’-í∫’-ûª’-Ø√o†’. Çúø’-ûª’-Ø√o†’ èπÿú≈. Å®·ûË È®çúÕçmore money = Ç¢Á’èπ◊ ÉçÍéO’ úø•’s Å´Ææ®Ωç and thanks to him/ her once again for his/ öÀéà Åçûª ûËú≈ ™‰ü¿’. ™‰ü¿’. her valuable message (Ææçü˨¡ç). 2) Need as a helping verb - ÉC áèπ◊\-´í¬ Next, our thanks go to Sri/ Smt.... for... question ûÓ†÷, ™‰ü∆ not ûÓ†÷ ¢√úøû√ç. K. Chandu, Sirisilla. We like to thank also Sri.../ Smt... You need not pay now = †’Ny-°æ¤púø’ îÁLxç-îªQ. éÀçC ¢√é¬u-©†’ ûÁ©’-í∫’™ N´-Jç-îª-í∫-©®Ω’. Smt/ Sri... next deserve our thanks for... †-´-Ææ®Ωç ™‰ü¿’. They shall have done it; We thank also those who decorates the Need ¢√úø-éπç™ British, American EnglishA. They shall have done it = ¶µºN≠æuûª’h™ äéπ stage, etc., © -´’-üµ¿u ûËú≈ ÖçC. time ™°æ © ¢√∞¡ x C îË Æ œ Öçú≈L. Finally we thank all those who are present American English ™ need †’ helping They shall have finished the work by the time here for their valuable presence. verb í¬ ¢√úøôç î√™« Å®Ω’ü¿’. ÉC †´‚Ø√ ´÷vûª¢Ë’. ´’† Ü£æ«, ¶µ«≥ƒ ñ«cØ√Eo I return = ؈’ AJ-íÌîËa ÆæJéÀ ¢√∞¡Ÿx °æE °æ‹Jh-îËÆœ a) British English™ You need not go Öçú≈L. •öÀd Éçé¬ ¶«í¬ îÁ°æp-´îª’a. (need - helping verb) = Q. They should have done it.

(must/ have I

Do I need to see the officer now? American English: officer

¢√∞¡xC îËÆœ

ÖçúÌa.

c) Giving an order d) Making a statement

†’ îª÷ú≈™«?

b) He need not have gone there - British English: ¢√úø-éπ\-úÕéÀ ¢Á∞«x-Lq† N≠æߪ’ç é¬ü¿’. (é¬F ¢Á∞«xúø’) – ¢Á∞¡x-èπ◊çú≈

Öçú≈LqçC. He didn’t need to go there - American English

¢Á∞Ïx Å´-Ææ-®Ωç-™‰ü¿’ (¢Á∞¡Ÿxç-úÌa/ ¢Á∞¡x-éπ-§Ú-ߪ·ç-úÌa) í∫’®Ω’hç--éÓ-¢√-LqçC– American English™ need áèπ◊\-´í¬ main verb; DE ûª®√yûª °j† ûÁL-°œ-†ô’x ‘to’ ´Ææ÷hç-ô’çC. Seem Åçõ‰ Å™« éπE-°œ-≤ÚhçC/ éπ†-°æ-úø’-ûª’-Ø√o®Ω’ ÅE éπü∆: seems ûª®√yûª to be/ to + 1st RDW (do, go, take etc.,)/ to have + past participle (pp)

´≤ƒh®·.

a) He seems to be a good fellow =

Åûªúø’ ´’ç*-¢√-úø’í¬ éπE-°œ-Ææ’h-Ø√oúø’. b) He seems to like it = ü∆EE Åûªúø’ É≠æd-°æ-úø’-ûª’†oô’x éπE-°œ-Ææ’h-Ø√oúø’. c) He seems to have gone home = Åûªúø’ ÉçöÀéÀ ¢ÁRx§Ú-®·-†-ô’dçC. Ought to - äéπ °æEE ØÁjAé𠶫üµ¿u-ûªí¬ îËߪ’úøç (must - Çïc/ Å´-Ææ®Ωç) He ought to take care of his children = ûª† °œ©x©†’ í∫’Jç* Åûªúø’ v¨¡ü¿l¥ BÆæ’-éÓ-¢√L (üµ¿®Ωtç, ØÁjAé𠶫üµ¿uûª) You ought to have given him some respect; after all he is much older than you =

Åûª-úÕéÀ †’´¤y ´’®√uü¿ É¢√y-LqçC; àüË-´’-®·Ø√ Åûªúø’ Féπçõ‰ î√™« °ü¿l éπü∆?

K. Krishnaiah, Rajampeta. Q.

-Å-ûª-úË éπü∆ E†o ´*açC? yesterday? ÉC éπÈ®-ÍédØ√?

is not he who came

A. Is he not the one/ Isn’t he the one who came yesterday? Q. He is a man who came yesterday. This is he (man) who came yesterday.

OöÀ™ àC éπÈ®èπ◊d? ™‰ü∆ ÆæÈ®j† -¢√éπuç -ûÁ-©’°æç-úÕ. A. This is the man (one) who came yesterday. Q.

éÀçC¢√öÀE ÉçTx-≠ˇ-™éÀ ´÷®ΩaçúÕ. – F ®Ω’ùç ؈’ B®Ω’a-èπ◊ç-ö«†’. – °Rx™ ¢√úË ÅéÀ~ç-ûª©’

A. I am ever indebted to you/ I can’t repay your debt. Termeric coated rice

ÅØÌa, é¬F,

English

ÆæÈ®j† ´÷ô-™‰ü¿’.

American English:

Spoken English -§ƒ-ûª -¢√u≤ƒ-©éÓÆæç -éÀxé˙ -îË-ߪ’ç-úÕ.. URL: http://www.eenadu.net/spoken/spoken.htm

™

í∫’®Ω’-¢√®Ωç 30 -ÅéÓd-•®Ω’ 2008

Ñ-Ø√-úø’ £j«-ü¿®√-¶«-ü˛

K. Krishnaiah, Rajampeta. Q. ᙫ §Ú¢√-©-†’-èπ◊ç-ô’-Ø√o´¤?

N.V.Krishna Rao, Hyderabad. Q.

éÀçC ¢√é¬u-©†’ ÉçTx-≠ˇ™ îÁ°æpçúÕ. ؈’ E†o Ü®Ω’ ¢Á∞«x†’. How do you thinking to go. A. I was out of town yesterday. (à Ü®Ω’ ¢ÁRxçD È®çúø÷ éπÈ®-ÍédØ√? îÁ°æp-†-°æ¤púø’) A. È®çúÕç-öÀ-™  àD correct é¬ü¿’. à ÜÈ®jØ√ ¢ÁRx AJT ´*a† ûª®√yûª, Ç Ü®Ω’ How do you planning...? Ñ O’ (Hyerabad ņ’-èπ◊çü∆ç) ¢Á∞«x†’ / ¢ÁRx-´-î √a†’ sentence ™, verb ™‰ü¿’ éπü∆? O’®Ω’ How are you ÅE îÁ°æpúøç. planning to go? ÅØ√L, ™‰ü∆ How do you plan to I had been to Hyderabad (yesterday). go? ÅØ√L. Do... planning, ¢Ë’ç ûÁL-°œ† Ç®Ω’ Q. ؈’ Ü®Ω’ ¢Á∞«x†’. forms of verbs ™ ™‰ü¿’ éπü∆: Ç six forms of verbs A. I went to (ÜJ Ê°®Ω’) ÉN: 1) Be forms (am, is, are, was, were, 'be', 'been' Q. ؈’ Ü®Ω’ ¢Á∞¡-û√†’ Í®°æ¤. A. I am leaving for/ going to/ I will leave for/ will *´®Ω ´îËaN.) go to (ÜJ Ê°®Ω’) – ÜJ-Ê°®Ω’ îÁ°æp-†-°æ¤púø’ – I will 2) Be forms + .. ing form (am going, has been How do you planning to go.

be out of town/ I won't be in town tomorrow.

singing, etc) 3) Be form + past participle (Passive voice) (am seen, was done, should be taken, etc.)

Q.

4) Have, has, had, shall have, should have ... etc + past participle (Have seen, has gone, should have known, etc.)

Q.

5) Doing words: 1) Ist regular doing words (go, come, sing, walk, etc.) 2) IInd Regular doing words (goes, comes, sings, walks, etc) and 3) went, gave, sang etc.,.) and

Ñ ™ àüÓ äéπöÀ ™‰èπ◊çú≈ Öçúøü¿’. O’ Ñ ™, °j† ûÁL™ àD ™‰ü¿’ éπü∆? Åçü¿’-éπE O’®Ω’ é¬ü¿’. Öçú≈L. Å™«Íí Éçü¿’™ èπÿú≈, ™‰ü¿’. ÅØ√L.

G. Viajayakumar, Anantapur. Q.

éÀçC ¢√é¬u©’ éπÈ®-ÍédØ√ N´-Jç-îª-í∫-©®Ω’. The box is very heavy for me to lift

.

A. The box is too heavy for me to lift Very heavy for me to lift heavy and I can't lift it

éπÈ®é˙d.

ņç.

ņúøç Very

ņ-´îª’a.

Q. The film is too good. A.

DEéÀ N´-®Ωçí¬ ÉçÍé-ü¿Ø√o îËJÊÆh correct í¬ Öçô’çC. The film is good èπÿú≈ correct, Å®·ûË Å™« ņo Ææçü¿®Ωs¥ç ûÁL-ߪ÷L. The film is too good; I don't want to miss it. The film is too good for me to miss

(؈’ ´ü¿’-©’-éÓ-™‰-†çûª ¶«í∫’çü∆ ÆœE´÷)/ ؈’ ´ü¿’-©’-éÓ-™‰-†çûª ¶«í∫’ç-ü¿E Åçö«ç.

Q. It was too hot yesterday. A. Correct.

´’†ç à°æF îËߪ’-™‰-†çûª áçúøí¬ ÖçC ÅØË ¶µ«´çûÓ. Too á°æ¤púø÷ é¬Ææh negative sense ÉÆæ’hçC.

Q. He is bad dressed. A. He is badly dressed

ņúøç

correct.

A. Lately Late in his life

Åçõ‰ Ñ ´’üµ¿u ÅE Å®Ωnç, Ç©-Ææuçí¬ ÅE Åçõ‰ Ç©-Ææuçí¬ ÅE. He married late ņúøç correct.

Q. He is very stronger than I. A. He is much stronger than I - correct. Very stronger

ûª°æ¤p-é¬ü¿’, é¬-F ¢√úø’éπ é¬ü¿’.

Q. The three sisters quarrelling with each other. A. The three sisters quarrelling with each other sentence verb Are/ were/ will be etc. quarrelling verb (be form + ing form) sentence correct

ÉC

Å´¤-ûª’çC.-

؈’ Ü®Ω’ ¢ÁRx ®√í∫-©Ø√?

A. Can I go to ... and return? Q.

°æ†’© ´AhúÕ ´©x ؈’ Ü®Ω’ (Åéπ\-úøèπ◊) ¢Á∞¡x-™‰-éπ-§Ú-ߪ÷†’.

é¬ü¿’,

An idiom is also a group of words, but in the case of an idiom, the meaning of the idiom as a whole has no connection with that of any word in the idiom. eg: The long and short of. This is an idiom. The expression means the most important facts about a situation (without all the details)/ the summary of a writing/ a speech. The long and short of his speech is that he is correct and that the others are wrong = The summary of his speech is he is right and others are wrong. So you see that the words 'long' and 'short' have no connection with the most important details/ summary. Such an expression is an idiom. 515

-Ççí∫x-¶µ«-≠æ-ù

continuous tense

™ ¢√úø-éπ-§Ú-´úøç ¢√úø’-éπ-®·†ç-ü¿’-´©x -Å-C ¶µ«≠æ üµ¿®Ωt-¢Á’içC. Q. Deal in ÅØË °æü∆Eo '¢√u§ƒ®Ωç îËߪ’úøç— ÅØË Å®Ωnç™, Deal with ÅØË °æü∆Eo 'E®Ωy-£œ«ç— ÅØË Å®Ωnç™ áçü¿’èπ◊ Ö°æ-ßÁ÷-Tç-î√L? A. Deal ûª®√yûª ´îËa preposition †’ •öÀd Å®Ωnç ´÷®Ωúøç èπÿú≈ usage N≠æ-ߪ’¢Ë’ éπü∆. É™«çöÀ expressions †’, deal in, deal with phrasal verbs Åçö«ç. ûÁ©’-í∫’™ äéπ-J-O’ü¿ éÓ°æç ´*aç-ü¿çö«ç éπü∆? Ééπ\úø äéπ-J-O’ü¿ ÅØË áçü¿’-éπØ√L? äéπ-JûÓ éÓ°æç ´*aç-ü¿E áçü¿’-éπ-†-èπÿ-úøü¿÷? Åçõ‰ àç Ææ´÷-üµ∆†ç îÁ•’û√ç? Ç ¶µ«≠æ B®Ω’ ÅçûË ÅE îÁ°æ¤p-éÓ-¢√-LqçüË. English ™†÷ ÅçûË. M. Ravichandra Reddy, Hyderabad Q.

éÀçC °æü∆-©†’ ÉçTx-≠ˇ™ à´’ç-ö«®Ó ûÁ©’-°æçúÕ. ®Ó©’, ®Óéπ-L-•çúø, §Òvûªç, °æîªaúÕ, °æ°æ¤p-í∫’Ah, ®Ω’•súøç A. ®Ó©’ = Mortor- Å®·ûË ÉC ´’†ç ¢√-úË ®Ó©çûª °ü¿lC é¬ü¿’. G. Shankar, ®Óéπ L • çúø = Pestle (Â°Æˇ ™¸) A. Because of pressure of work I Shankarapatnam. °æîªaúÕ = Chutney §Òvûªç = Grinder, couldn't / I am unable to leave town/ Q. O’®Ω’ äéπ-îÓô The student admitgo to (ÜJ Ê°®Ω’) °æ°æ¤p-í∫’Ah = Pestle, ®Ω’•súøç = Grind ted to having taken drugs ÅE Q. éÀçC ¢√é¬u-©†’ ÉçTx-≠ˇ™  ņ’-´-Cç-îªçúÕ. Q. ÇJnéπ É•sç-ü¿’© ´©x ؈’ éπ©-¢√-Lq† ®√-¨»®Ω’. Éçü¿’™ having ÆæJ-§Ú-ûª’çC, ؈’ ´÷ Å´’tèπ◊ °æîªaúÕ ü¿çîª-úøç™ Ææ£æ…-ߪ’´uéÀhE éπ©-´-™‰-éπ-§Ú-ߪ÷†’. taken Åü¿†ç éπü∆. ûÁL-ߪ’-ñ‰-ߪ’-í∫°æ-úø-û√†’. A. Money problems kept me from ©®Ω’. û√í∫-ú≈-EéÀ, A†-ú≈-EéÀ having A. I help mother in making/ grinding chutney. M.SURESAN meeting the person I had to meet / I ¢√úøû√ç éπü∆ Å™«Íí Ñ ¢√éπuç™ Q. ؈’ ´çô© ®Ω’*E Éõ‰d °æÆœ-í∫-ôd-í∫-©†’. couldn't meet the person I had to meet, having î√©’ éπü∆. A. I can easily sense the flavour of cooking because of money problems. A. Admitted to having drugs = Drugs éπLT Ö†oô’x ´çô™ àN’ ûªèπ◊\-¢ÁjçüÓ Ææ’©-¶µºçí¬ ví∫£œ«ç-îª-í∫-©†’. ä°æ¤p-èπ◊-Ø√oúø’. Admitted to having taken drugs = Q. S.Ramulu, Hyderabad. A. I can easily grasp what is wrong in the cookDrugs BÆæ’-èπ◊-†oô’x (°æ¤îª’a-èπ◊-†oô’x) ä°æ¤p-èπ◊-†oô’x. ing of an item. Q. éÀçC ¢√é¬u-©†’ ÉçTx-≠ˇ™  ᙫ îÁ§ƒpL? Having taken ™ having, helping verb éπü∆ Q. ®Ó©’, ®Ω’•’s-®Ó©’ äéπ-õ‰Ø√? ÉçTx-≠ˇ™  ¢ËÍ®y®Ω’ °æü∆''Fèπ◊ Åçûª Æ‘Ø˛ ™‰ü¿’.—— having done, having seen ™-™«, have °æ¤îª’a-éÓ´úøç Å-ØË Å®ΩnçûÓ ¢√ú≈-©çõ‰ The student admit- ©’-Ø√oߪ÷? ''؈’ Fèπ◊ †î√aØ√?—— A. 'Mortor' is the only word, nearest in meaning ted to having had drugs Åçö«ç. A. You don't measure up to that. to all of them. Q. äéπ úÕéπ{-†-K™ I am having a one rupee note Do you like me? Åçü¿-J-éà -éπ-L°œ äéπ °ü¿l ®Ó©’ Öçô’çC, ÅE ÖçC. Having †’ (possession) ™ ¢√úø-èπÿ- Q. ví¬´’ç™ ü∆EÍ é ¢ Á ’ i Ø √ Ê°®Ω’çü∆? úøü¿’ éπü∆. I have a one rupee note ûª§ƒp? P.Siva Rao, Yellandu. A.The village mortor ÅØÌa. Having à Ææçü¿-®√s¥™ x ¢√ú≈™ ûÁ©’-°æçúÕ. Q. Kindly explain the difference between bath A. I am having a one rupee note ÆæJ-é¬ü¿’, I have A.Sudhakar, Peddamallareddy and bathe (Nizamabad) a one rupee note ņ-úø¢Ë’ correct. Can I say... I am bathing. Please wait. Q. 'In order of' à Ææçü¿-®Ωs¥ç™ ¢√úø-û√®Ó N´-Jç-îªçúÕ. Q. Why choose I (we) shall and you, (he, she,it) A. Both has two meanings in British English will for the future tense? A. In the order of: Ç ´®ΩÆæ véπ´’ç™ 1) As a noun, and A. Shall and will are natural aspects of the a) In the order of numbers = Ææçêu© ´®Ω’Ææ 2) As a verb. English language. Can we explain why véπ´’ç™ Students are sitting in the order of I have a bath every morning = I bath every ¢Á∞¡û√ç is used with ¢Ë’´·, and, ¢Á∞¡-û√†’ is their roll nos. = Nü∆u-®Ω’n©’ ¢√J roll number morning. I am bathing is correct. used with ؈’? They are just parts of the lanvéπ´’ç™ èπÿ®Ω’aE ÖØ√o®Ω’. guage. I bath every morning (British English)

I bathe every morning (American English)

Q. He married lately in life.

é¬ü¿’.

A. Can I go?

A. A phrase is a group of words without a verb. eg: In case of doubt; on the occasion of his marriage, etc.

You don't measur e upto that

6) Shall/ should/ will/ would/ can/ could etc + Ist RDW (shall take, will give, can take, should 6 forms give, etc). sentence sentence How do you planning to go? group of words 6 forms sentence How do you plan/ How How do you are you planning? thinking to go? verb How do you think of going?

°œ† ®√ÆœçC

؈’ Ü®Ω’ ¢Á∞¡x-í∫-©Ø√?

2

™‰ü¿’ 鬕öÀd. Åç-õ‰ Ö†oô’x; Å°æ¤púø’

In any case I have a bath/ I take a bath is more common than I bath / I bathe. Q. What is the difference between a sentence and a clause. A. A sentence is a group of words with a complete meaning. (To have the complete meaning, the group should have a verb in it.) A clause is a group of words with a verb. eg: If he comes here; Because he sang well; Whenever I go there. Even a sentence is a clause because it is also a group of words with a verb. Q. What is the difference between a phrase and an idiom.

b) The officers were seated in the order of their importance =

Ç ÅCµ-é¬-®Ω’©’ ûª´’ v§ƒ´·êuç véπ´’ç™ ÇÆ‘-†’-©-ߪ÷u®Ω’. Q. Let's sum up Åçõ‰ ûÁ©’-í∫’™ Å®Ωnç ûÁL-ߪ’-ñ‰-ߪ’ -í∫-©®Ω’. A. Let us sum up = ´’†ç îÁ°æ¤p-èπ◊†o îªJaç-*† N≠æߪ÷©’, ÆæçéÀ~-°æhçí¬ Ææp≠ædçí¬ ´’®Ó≤ƒJ îÁ°æ¤p-éÓ-´úøç. B. Vijaya Raju, Sangareddy. Q. Love, appear, owe, own, think continuous tense

™«çöÀ °æü∆-©†’ ™ áçü¿’èπ◊ ®√ߪ’-èπÿ-úøü¿’? A. Love, appear, owe, own, think ™«çöÀ verbs continuous tense ™ ®√éπ-§Ú-´úøç English ¶µ«≥ƒüµ¿®Ωtç/ ¢√úø’éπ (usage). English ´÷ûª%¶µ«-≠æí¬ Ö†o¢√∞¡Ÿx ¢Á·ü¿öÀ †’ç* Ñ verbs †’

Present simple (go, come, see, sees, goes, etc) is used sometimes to denote immediate future, especially when we are definite about the time, it's not a new practice. a) I go there tomorrow. b) She comes here next week. Shall/ will is used for future in general compare: a) She comes here next week. b) She will come here next week. In a) her coming is definite, and b) her coming is not so certain. That's the difference between the use of shall/ will for future and the present simple for future.

Spoken English -§ƒ-ûª -¢√u≤ƒ-©éÓÆæç -éÀxé˙ -îË-ߪ’ç-úÕ.. URL: http://www.eenadu.net/spoken/spoken.htm