Pratibha495-502

-´’çí∫-∞¡-¢√®Ωç 2 -ÂÆ-°dç-•®Ω’ 2008

Ñ-Ø√-úø’ £j«-ü¿®√-¶«-ü˛

Sindhura: Hello, I am Sindhura here; may I speak to Mandaara please?

(£æ…™, ؈’ Æœçüµ¿÷-®Ω†’ ´÷ö«x-úø’-ûª’Ø√o. ´’çü∆-®ΩûÓ ´÷ö«x-úø-´î√a?) Sahana: You mean Ms Mandaara Mukund, our Manager?

(O’®Ω-ØËC ´÷ Manager, X´’A ´’çü∆®Ω ´·èπ◊çü˛ûÓØ√?) (Ms = Æ‘Y N¢√-£œ«û√, é¬ü∆ ÅE ûÁL-Ê°çü¿’èπ◊ É≠ædç ™‰†°æ¤púø’, N¢√-£œ«-ûª-®·Ø√ ¶µº®Ωh ÉçöÀ-Ê°®Ω’ ¢√úø-†-°æ¤púø÷ Ö°æßÁ÷-TçîË Ææç¶-üµ¿Ø√ °æü¿ç) Sindhura: Exactly.

(éπ*a-ûªçí¬) Sahana: I'm afraid you can't right now. She is in an important meeting.

(Ma'm: Madam Pronunciation-

èπ◊ short form. ´÷¢˛’)

(´’†ç °œLîË ´uèπ◊h© Ê°®Ω’ îÁ°œp) place/ home,

Sindhura: Any other way you can help me?

please? 2)

Å™«Íí ´’†ç °œ©’Ææ’h†o ´uÍéh ´÷ö«x-úø’-ûª’Ø√o®√ ÅE E®√n-Jç--èπ◊ØËç-ü¿’èπ◊, Am I speak-

(O’®Ω’ Ø√éÀçÍé´’Ø√o îËߪ’-í∫-©®√?) Sahana: I can certainly take a message. You can leave a message, if it's not private.

(O’®Ω’ îÁ§ƒp-©-†’-èπ◊†o ¢√®Ωh Ç¢Á’èπ◊ ÅçCçîªí∫-©†’, Åü¿çûª ´uéÀh-í∫ûªç é¬éπ-§ÚûË, O’®Ω’ Ø√éπC îÁ°æpçúÕ) Sindhura: OK. Perhaps that's the best I can do. Here it is: I left behind my chain at her place last night. I hope it is safe. Tell her from me to keep it safe. I'll collect it from her when I visit her next Friday.

(O’J-°æ¤p-ú≈-¢Á’ûÓ ´÷ö«x-úø-™‰®Ω’. Ç¢Á’ ´·êu¢Á’i† O’öÀç-í˚™ ÖØ√o®Ω’)

(ÆæÍ®. É°æ¤púø’ ؈’ îËߪ’-í∫-L-Tç-ü¿™«x ÅüË Å†’-èπ◊çö«. Ø√ íÌ-©’Ææ’ ¢√Rxçöx ´C -™‰-¨»†’. ÅC ¶µºvü¿ç-í¬ØË Öçü¿-†’-èπ◊çö«. ´îËa ¨¡Ÿvéπ-¢√®Ωç Ç¢Á’†’ éπ©’-Ææ’-

Sindhura: Oh, is that why I haven't been able to get her on the cell for an hour now?

(Åçü¿’ÍéØ√ Ç¢Á’ Ø√éÓ í∫çô †’ç* ÂÆ™¸™ üÌ®Ω-éπúøç ™‰ü¿’) Sahana: You're right.

-Ççí∫x-¶µ«-≠æ-ù

(Å´¤†’, Åçü¿’Íé) Sindhura: I'm a close friend of hers and this is personal and urgent. Would you

2

495

ing to so and so, please? / Is this so and so, please 3)

Åçö«ç.

(éπ≠d-´æ ’çúŒ. O’öÀçí˚ ÅßË’uç-ûª-´-®Ωèπ◊ Ç¢Á’èπ◊ Åçûª®√ߪ’ç éπL-Tç-îª-èπÿ-úø-ü¿E Ø√èπ◊ éπ*a-ûª¢Á’i† ÇüË-¨»-©’-Ø√o®·.)

O’®Ω’ îÁ§ƒp-©-†’-èπ◊çC ØËØ√-¢Á’èπ◊ ÅçCçîªí∫©†’. Official/ formalí¬ message (¢√®Ωh) É´yúø´’çõ‰ î√™« ñ«ví∫ûªhí¬ É¢√yL? Am I speaking to so and so? ÅØËç-ü¿’èπ◊ É™«çöÀ Ææçü¿-®√s¥™x ÅN (Messages) ®√Æœ Öçî√L. ï¢√-•’í¬, É™«: Yes, speaking (phone ´*a-†-¢√∞¡Ÿx phone BÆæ’1) Date : Call for (á´-JéÀ ´*açC Phone): ---èπ◊çõ‰) and who's this please? Åçö«ç. 2) Call/ message from (á´J †’ç* phone):---4) -§∂Ú-Ø˛ ´*a-†-¢√∞¡Ÿx Åçü¿’-¶«-ô’™ ™‰†-°æ¤púø’; ´’®√u-ü¿í¬ I'm sorry/ I'm afraid he/ she is not 3) Time of call: ---here; / he/ she is out right now; will be back 3) a) Will call again (´’Sx Phone îË≤ƒh®Ω’)at --(time)/ after/ in --- (- minutes/ half an hour/ an in ---minutes/ hours ÅØÓ Åçö«ç. 5) - §∂Ú-Ø˛ ´*a-†-¢√∞¡Ÿx -§∂Ú-Ø˛ Åçü¿’-éÌØË ´®Ωèπÿ line™ hour etc.,) É™«-é¬-èπ◊çú≈ -§∂Ú-Ø˛ îËÆœ-†-¢√∞¡Ÿx, àüÁjØ√ message (¢√®Ωh) ÖçúøçúÕ, °œ©’-≤ƒh†’ ÅØËç-ü¿’èπ◊ Please hold (on)/ please hold the line ÅçCç-îª-´’çõ‰: Message: ---- (èπ◊x°æhçí¬, ´·êu¢Á’i† Ææ´÷-î √®Ωç Åçû√ Åçö«ç. ÖçúËô’x) Ñ Lesson™ -É-*a-† conversation™E message ®√Æœ Ms. Mandaara Mukundèπ◊ îª÷°œç-î√-LqçC É™«:

Sahana: I'll convey this to her. I do understand the importance of the matter. I'll ask her to M.SURESAN call you as soon as the meeting ends.

Sahana: I'm sorry. There's no helping it, ma'm, but I have my instructions. Hope you can understand.

(ûª°æpü¿’, éπ~N’ç-îªçúÕ. ØËØËç îËߪ’-™‰†’. Ø√ ÇüË-¨»©’ Ø√èπ◊-Ø√o®· éπü∆? O’®Ω®Ωnç îËÆæ’-éÓ-í∫©-®Ω-†’-èπ◊ç-ö«†’)

É°æ¤púø’ Official/ formal phone conversation™ ¢√úË English ´÷ö«x-ú≈-Lq† B®Ω’, °j Ææ綵«≠æ-ù™ í∫´’-Eçî√ç éπü∆? -§∂Ú-Ø˛ ´*a† ´uéÀh ¢ÁçôØË Åçü¿’-¶«-ô’™ ™‰†-°æ¤púø’, ¢√∞¡x†’ -§∂Ú-Ø˛ ü¿í∫_-®Ωèπ◊ °œ-L-îË O™‰x-†-°æ¤púø’ °j Ææ綵«-≠æù™E éÀçC ´÷ô©†’ ¢√úøû√ç. 1) You mean Ms. Mandaara Mukund, our Manager?

Is this (phone no.) Please?/ Is this

Q. 'You have a car' What is the question tag of it? A. You have a car, don't you?

A. Admit to/ Admit into a hospital. "In" Q. A.

ÆæJ-é¬ü¿’. If an employee was having a bad day. -Ñ ¢√éπuç-™ having -¢√-úø-ôç éπÈ®Íéd-Ø√? Have †’ am/ is/ are/ was/ were having form ™ problem/ difficulty éÀ ¢√úø-´îª’a. - Åçü¿’-éπE He was having a bad day (a difficult/ unpleasant day).

K. Nagamani, Tadpatri Q. Tahsildar application

-ûÓ Ñ

™

sign

Q. Congress

éÓ-´’E O’èπ◊ á´-®Ω’ îÁ§ƒp®Ω’? -

èπ◊ ¢Ë®·çîªçúÕ.

A. Who told you to get the certificate signed by the Tahsildar? Q. Collector sign

Ñ

O’ü¿ Ø√èπ◊.

sign

èπ◊ Flight áEo í∫çô-©èπ◊ ÖçüÓ éπ†’-éÓ\-´’E îÁ-•’-û√¢√?

5) Message: Ms Sindhura forgot her chain in your place/ home. Wants it to be kept safe at home/ locker till her next visit next Friday. To call Ms Sindhura as soon as the meeting ends.

É™«-é¬-èπ◊çú≈ (Åçõ‰ official/ formal 鬆-°æ¤púø’) ´’†ç ´’¯"éπçí¬ (ØÓöÀ-´÷-ôûÓ/ oral) message phone §ÒçC†¢√JéÀ ÅçCçî√-©çõ‰.

îË®·-≤ƒh¢√?

A. Will you ask him to find out when the flight to America is/ the time of the flight to America.

S. Satyanarayana Murthy, Kakinada Q. Active Voice, Passive Voice

-© í∫’-Jç-* N-´-Jç-îªç-úÕ. Verb †’ Active Voice -†’ç-* Passive Voice- ™éÀ - ´÷-Ja-†°æ¤p-úø’ Voice -´÷®Ω’-ûª’ç-C éπ-ü∆. í∫-ûª-ç-™ -O’®Ω’ -´÷®Ω-ü¿’ -Å-Ø√oÍ®-N’-öÀ? ´÷®Ω’-ûª’ç-ü¿-E -O’Í® éÀç-C -Ö-ü∆£æ«®Ω-ù-©’ -É-î√a®Ω’. The enemy has bombed these bridges (active voice) has + p.p.

The bridges have been bombed by enemy (passive voice) have been +p.p.

A. Can you/ you will get the minister to sign my file?

Q.

Q. Students

Åûª†’ Ø√èπ◊ °æC ©éπ~©’ ÉÊÆh É´’tE îÁ°æpçúÕ. - - Ééπ\-úø -¢√éπuç objectûÓ begin -Å-´¤-ûª’ç-C é¬-•-öÀd bridges plural -™  -Öç-C é¬-•-öÀd have -¢√--ú≈®Ω’. ™‰éπ-§ÚûË ™‰ü¿’. Verb ™ -´÷-®Ω’p -Öç-C éπ-ü∆. A. Tell him to give me Rs.10 lakh or nothing has +.p.p(active) at all. (10 ©éπ~©’ ™‰éπ-§ÚûË àO’-´ü¿’l). have been +.p.p.(passive) -Ééπ\-úø passive™ Tell him to give me..... or leave it (îÁGûË îÁ°æpçúÕ been -Å-ü¿-†çí¬ -´-*aç-C. ™‰èπ◊çõ‰ ™‰ü¿’) ü ¿ ß ª ’ î ËÆœ -voice -´÷-J-†°æ¤p-úø’- tense ´÷-®Ω’-ûª’ç-üÓ Q. Ø√-ûÓ grammar îÁ°œpç--éÓ--ç -ÅØ√o®Ω’ Nü∆u-®Ω’n©’. ™ ‰ ü Ó N -´-Jç-îªí∫-©®Ω’. A. The students don't want me to teach them A. §Ò®Ω § ƒô ’-† voice ´÷®Ω-ü¿’ -Å-E ®√--¨»ç. grammar. Voice ´÷-J-†°æ¤p-úø’ tense ´÷-®Ω-ü¿-E -ví∫£œ«ç-îªí∫-©®Ω’.

äéπ-JéÀ äéπ®Ω’ Ç-†q®Ω’x îÁ°æ¤pèπ◊ç-ô’-Ø√o®Ω’.

A. The students are getting one another to answer the questions. Q.

-á´-È®-´®Ω’

Answers

îÁ°œpç--èπ◊-Ø√o®Ω’?

A. Who are all those that have got the answers given? Q.

؈’ é¬çvÈí-Æˇèπ◊

vote

¢ËÆœ, ¢Ë®·ç* ÈíL-°œ-≤ƒh†’.

A. I'll vote for congress, get others to vote for it and make it win.

îË®·ç--

¢Ë-ߪ’ç-úÕ,

Q. America

application

îË®·-≤ƒh-†-Ø√o®Ω’

ûÓ Ø√ °∂j™¸™

vote

A. Vote for congress and make others vote for it.

A. The Collector said he would get the application signed for me. Q. Minister

Q. My father has been admitted to hospital or in hospital which is the correct usage?

4) Time of Call: ---- AM/ PM

3) Put me through-

G. Shankar, keshavapur.

(-ví¬ç-C∑éπç) = éπN. Avon (áß˝’-´Ø˛) –Shakespeare ïEtç-*† Stratford -ví¬´’ç Ñ †C äúø’f† ÖçC. Åçü¿’-éπE Shakespeare †’ Bard of Avon Åçö«®Ω’.

2) Call for: Ms. Mandaara Mukund, Manager

Ms. Mandaara, a/ one Ms Sindhura called you/ (Ç¢Á’èπ◊ Ñ ´÷ô -ûÁ-L-ߪ’-ñ‰-≤ƒh†’. N≠æߪ’ç 2) I'm afraid, you can't right now. You had a call from a/ one Ms Sindhura an hour v§ƒ´·êuç Ø√éπ-®Ωn-¢Á’içC. O’öÀçí˚ Å®·- 3) Could you put me through to her? 4) I can certainly take a message. You can leave ago. She left her chain behind at your place last §Ú-í¬ØË O’èπ◊ §∂ÚØ˛îËߪ’-´’E îÁ•’-û√†’.) night it seems. She wants you to keep it safe at ´’†ç Phone Conversation™ ¢√úË English a message. °j ´ Fo Å®Ω n ç Å´¤ û ª ’ Ø √o®· éπ ü ∆? home/ in a locker till she visits you again Friday. ´÷ö«x-ú≈-Lq† B®Ω’ ûÁ©’-Ææ’-èπ◊ç-ô’Ø√oç éπü∆. 1) O’®Ω ’ °œ © ’Æ æ ’ h ç C/ ´÷ö«x ú ≈© † ’è π ◊ çC X´’A É™« Öçô’çC. ÉüËç ÅÆæ©’ éπ≠d-¢æ Á’iç-Cí¬ éπ†-°æ-úø-ôç-™‰ü¿’ ´’J-éÌEo N≠æ-ߪ÷-L-°æ¤púø’ îª÷ü∆lç. ´’çü∆®Ω ´·èπ ◊ çü˛ û ÓØ√–í∫ ´ ’E çî ª ç úÕ . éπü∆. ´’†ç Éçûª´-®Ωèπ◊ ûÁ©’-Ææ’-èπ◊çC: Official/ formal. ÉC Practice - îËÊÆh O’Íé ûÁ©’-Ææ’hçC, áçûª Ææ’©-¶µº¢Á÷. 1) ´’†ç -§∂Ú-Ø˛ îËÊÆ-ô-°æ¤púø’, -§∂Ú-Ø˛ îËÆæ’h-†oC ÆæÈ®j† 2) É°æ p ö À é À ° æ ¤ p úË O’®Ω ’ ´÷ö«x ú ø ™ ‰ ® Ω † ’èπ ◊ çö«. †ç•®Ω’ÍéØ√ ÅE E®√n-Jç--èπ◊çö«ç.

(Ø√èπ◊ E®√-¨¡í¬ ÖçC. ÅçûªÊÆ°æ¤ ÇÊ° N≠æߪ’ç é¬ü¿C.)

A. Bard

1) Date: ---3) Call from: Ms. Sindhura

èπ◊-†o-°æ¤púø’ ´’Sx BÆæ’-èπ◊çö«.)

Sindhura: Oh, that disappoints me. The matter can't wait that long.

Q. The Bard of Avon. What is the meaning of the underline part in telugu?

éπ©-°æúøç

Åçö«ç.

mind putting me through to her?

Sahana: I'm afraid I can't. I have strict instructions not to disturb her till the end of the meeting.

phone line

Yes, please and who is this?/

Who is speaking please?

Could you put me thr ough to her? (؈’ Ç¢Á’èπ◊ ü¿í∫_J ÊÆo£œ«ûª’®√LE. ÉC î√™« ´·êu-¢Á’i† ´uéÀh-í∫ûª N≠æߪ’ç. Ø√é¬-¢Á’†’ éπ©-°æ®√?)

´’†ç ´÷ö«x-ú≈-©-†’-èπ◊ØË ´uéÀhéÀ 4) I can take a message -

°j ¢√öÀéÀ Ææpçü¿-†í¬:

Ø√èπ◊ °æC ©éπ~©’ É´’tE Åûª-úÕéÀ îÁ°æpçúÕ.

A. Tell him to give me Rs.10 lakh. Q.

Spoken English -§ƒ-ûª -¢√u≤ƒ-©éÓÆæç -éÀxé˙ -îË-ߪ’ç-úÕ.. URL: http://www.eenadu.net/spoken/spoken.htm

í∫’®Ω’-¢√®Ωç 11 -ÂÆ-°dç-•®Ω’ 2008

Ñ-Ø√-úø’ £j«-ü¿®√-¶«-ü˛

Adbhuta: Oh, what a morning it was! I haven't had the like of it in years!

(Ŷ«s, ᙫ ÖçúÕçüÓ É¢√∞¡ Öü¿ßª’ç! Å™«çöÀ Öü¿ßª’ç ÉØËo-∞¡x™ ؈’ á°æ¤púø÷ îª÷úø-™‰ü¿’) Ascharya: Well, what happened?

(@N-ûªç™ éÌçûª ņ’-¶µº´ç Ö†o-¢√-∞¡xèπ◊ É¢Ëç °ü¿l Ǩ¡a®Ωuéπ®Ω N≠æ-ߪ÷©’ 鬴¤. ´’çîÁjØ√, îÁúÁjØ√ ´®Ω’-Ææí¬ ï®Ω’-í∫’-û√®·. äéÌ\-éπ\-öÀí¬ ï®Ω-í∫´¤) Adbhuta: The only relief is the boss is out of town. Otherwise I'd have had it.

(äéπ\õ‰ é¬Ææh Ü®Ωô éπL-Tç-îËC. Boss Ü∞} ™‰éπ-§Ú-´úøç. ™‰éπ-§ÚûË Ø√ °æE Å®·I overslept and got up late at 7.30. I §Ú-ߪ·ç-úËC.) was late for office by almost an hour. [[[ (´÷´‚-©’-éπçõ‰ áèπ◊\-´-ÊÆ°æ¤ Evü¿-§Ú®· °j Ææ ç ¶µ « ≠ æ ù ™ E N≠æ-ߪ÷©’ ´’†ç áü¿’-®Ì\ØË 7.30èπ◊ ™‰î√. Office èπ◊ ü∆ü∆°æ¤ í∫çô Ææ ´ ’Ææ u © í∫ ’ JçîË ÅE ûÁ © ’-≤ÚhçC éπü∆. They are our Ç©-Ææuçí¬ ¢Á∞«x) (àç ïJ-TçC?)

Adbhuta:

Ascharya: Why? You could have made up for your late rising in some other way. What else went wrong?

(F Ç©-≤ƒuEo ÉçÍé Nüµ¿çí¬ØÁjØ√ ûªT_ç--éÓ†’ç-úÌa éπü∆? ÉçÍé-¢Á’iØ√ ïJ-Tçü∆?) Adbhuta: Every thing. The bathroom was flooded, and no water through the tap. Somebody in the house kept the tap on the whole night and the water tank was dry.

(ÅFo†÷.

tank

™ F∞¡xçû√

Ascharya: Things do happen like that some times.

(éÌEo-≤ƒ-®Ωx™« ï®Ω’-í∫’-ûª’ç-ö«®·) Adbhuta: Wait. You haven't heard the last of it. The washing machine broke down in the middle and the gas cylinder had to be replaced in the middle of cooking.

5) The washing machine broke down. 6) One of the pipes is still leaking. 7) ... the drainage system is choked. 8) ... for people who have seen a bit of life. 1) Haven't seen the like of it: The like of it =

Dhoni =

™«çöÀ¢√∞¡x†’ ´’†ç Å®Ω’-ü¿’í¬

îª÷≤ƒhç. b) A record crowd attended the meeting. I hadn't seen the like of such a crowd at any other meeting =

Ascharya: I really pity you.

Record

Ææ%≠œdçîËçûª ï†ç Ç Æ涵ºèπ◊ ´î√a®Ω’. Å™«çöÀ ïØ√Eo Éçûª-èπ◊-´·çü¿’ à Æ涵º™ èπÿú≈ Adbhuta: One of the pipes is still leaking and îª ÷ úø ™ ‰ ü ¿ ’ . the drainage system is choked. 2) Go wrong = ÉCç-ûª-èπ◊-´·çü¿’ î√™«-≤ƒ®Ω’x ´’†ç (Pump ©™ äéπöÀ Éçé¬ é¬®Ω’-ûª÷ØË ¢√ú≈ç. §Ò®Ω-§ƒô’ ï®Ω-í∫úøç/ àü¿-®·Ø√ ÆæJí¬, Öçú≈ÖçC. Drainage ÍéüÓ Åúø’f-°æ-úÕçC) Lq† Nüµ¿çí¬ Öçúø-éπ-§Ú-´úøç. Ascharya: Nothing surprising in it to people who (E†’o îª÷ÊÆh Ø√èπ◊ ñ«™‰-Ææ’hçC)

a) Something is wrong with him/ Something has gone wrong with him =

have seen a bit of life. Things either good or bad do happen in a row. They never happen alone.

Åûª-úÕ™ àüÓ ûª°æ¤pçC.

Nagaraju, Srikakulam.

Q Spoken English institute

éÀçC ¢√é¬u©†’ ÉçTx≠ˇ™ ûÁ©’-°æ í∫-©®Ω’. Q. ®√-ïéÃ-ߪ’ -§ƒ-Kd °-ôd-úøç. A. Starting a political party Q. -§ƒ-Kd Ê°®Ω’ -ë®√È®jç-C. A. The name of the party has

A To start/ Starting a spoken English institution.

.

°-ôd-úøç.

. -§ƒ-Kd Ê°®Ω’ -v°æéπ-öÀç-îª-úøç. .

A To announce/ Announcing the name of the party. Q

.

Q Black out

. -Åç-õ‰ -à-N’-öÀ? A. a) Nü¿’uû˝ Ææ®Ω-°∂æ®√ Åçûª-®√ߪ’ç ´©x éπLÍí <éπöÀ. b) v°æ¶µº’ûªy/ Police Ççéπ~©, ÇüË-¨»© ´©x °ævA-éπ©’/ TV (Media) v°æï-©èπ◊ Ææ´÷-î √®√Eo ÅçCç-îª-™‰éπ§Ú´-úøç (Black

out

ÉçC-®√-í¬çDµ

. -´·ç-ü¿Ææ’h -á-Eoéπ-©’ -´-îËa -Å-´é¬-¨¡ç -™‰-ü¿’. A. There is no likelihood of advance polls/ Advance polls are unlikely. Q

. -á-Eoéπ-©’ -´Ææ’h-Ø√o®·. . Q. -§ƒ-Kd-™ ç-* -•-ߪ’-ôèπ◊- -´-îËa-ߪ’-úøç. A. To quit/ Quitting a party. A The elections are coming.

c) Something has gone wrong between the friends. They are not in good terms now = friends

Ç ´’üµ¿u™ àüÓ îÁúÕçC. ¢√J Ææç•ç-üµ∆L-°æ¤púø’ ÆæJí¬ ™‰´¤. What's wrong? Ñ expression English conversation ™ î√™« ≤ƒüµ∆-®Ωùçí¬ NE-°œ-Ææ’hçô’çC. àC §Ò®Ω-§ƒ-ô’í¬ ïJ-TØ√ ÉC ¢√úø-û√®Ω’.

d) "I am not going to office today."

(ØËE-¢√∞¡

office

èπ◊ ¢Á∞¡xúøç ™‰ü¿’) "What's wrong?"

(à´’-®·çC?)

496

e) "I wish to leave immediately."

(؈’ ¢ÁçôØË ¢ÁR}-§Ú-¢√-©-†’-èπ◊ç-ô’Ø√o)

îÁ´’-ôí¬ Ö†o ¢Á·£æ…Eo Åü¿lúøç ûÓ) èπÿú≈ mop.

It was very sultry and every one in the room was mopping their face =

î√™« îÁ´’ôí¬ ÖçúÕçC. Ç í∫C™ Åçü¿®Ω’ ¢Á·£æ…©’ ûª’úø’--èπ◊çô’-Ø√o®Ω’. b) The tap is leaking and the drainage is choked. Call the plumber.

(°æç°æ¤ é¬J-§Ú-ûÓçC, drainage ™ F∞¡Ÿx EL-*-§Úûª’-Ø√o®·. Plumber †’ °œ©’´¤.) Choke = F∞¡Ÿx §ƒ®Ω-èπ◊çú≈ EL-*-§Ú-´úøç (§Ò®Ω-§Ú´úøç/ §Ò©-´÷-®Ωúøç èπÿú≈) Plumber = Taps (éÌ∞«-®·-©†’) pipes (F∞¡x °j°æ¤-©†’), Drainage †÷ repair îËÊÆ-¢√∞¡Ÿx

"Is anything wrong?"

(à´’Ø√o §Ò®Ω-§ƒô’ ïJ-Tçü∆?/ àN’öÀ N≠æߪ’ç) Bathroom flooding, tap leaking (leaking taps)/ The washing machine has broken down/ breakdown of the washing machine.

of

news.

NCµç-*† emergency Ææ-´ ’-ߪ ’ç-™  media°j Ççéπ~© ´©x É™«çöÀ black out éÌ-†≤ƒTç-C.) c) Å°æ-≤ƒt-®Ωéπ ÆœnA™ °æúÕ-§Ú´úøç/ û√û√\-L-éπçí¬ îª÷°æ¤/ ñ«c°æ-éπ-¨¡éÀh éÓ™p-´úøç. d) ߪ·ü¿l¥ Ææ´ ’-ߪ ’ç™ ¨¡vûª ’ N´÷-Ø√©’ bomb ü∆úÕ

These are all more or less everyday problems (More or less =

éπü∆? ü∆ü∆°æ¤) OöÀ-ûÓ-§ƒô’ the choking of the drainage system = ´·®Ω’-í∫’-F®Ω’ ÇT-§Ú-´úøç. Drain= ´·®Ω’-í∫’-F®Ω’ •ßª’-ôèπ◊ ¢Á∞Ïxç-ü¿’èπ◊ ´÷®Ω_ç/ 鬩’´

Tap leaking, breakdown of the washing machine, electric fuse blowing off (fuse repair fix

§Ú´úøç)– Oô-EoöÀF

îËߪ’úøç,

Åçö«ç.

a) The bathroom is flooded. Let's mop it = Bathroom

F∞¡xûÓ EçúÕ-§Ú-®·çC. ü∆Eo ûª’úø’ü∆lç. Mop= 1) ûªúÕí¬ Ö†o ØË©†’ ûª’úø-´úøç, mop ûÓ. 2) §Òúø-¢√öÀ éπv®Ω *´-®Ω† Å´’-Ja† cotton û√∞¡x èπ◊çîÁ/ plastic °æ©éπ. (ØË©-O’ü¿ EL-*† F∞¡x†’ ÅüËlç-ü¿’èπ◊/ ûÓÊÆç-ü¿’èπ◊ ¢√úøû√ç)

îËÊÆç-ü¿’èπ◊ í∫’Jhç-îª-èπ◊çú≈ Q. Shoved- -Åç-õ‰ -à-N’-öÀ? ÖçúË™«, °æôd-ù«™x/ †í∫-®√™x A. Shoved- Past tense of D§ƒ©’ ¢ÁL-Tç-îª-èπÿ-úøE °æJ- shove = ûÓߪ’úøç/ ØÁôdúøç, ÆœnA. ¢Á·®Ω-ô’í¬. Q. First Off- -Åç-õ‰ -à-N’-öÀ? Q. Roof top - -Åç-õ‰ -à-N’-öÀ? A. First Off- éπ*aûª-¢Á’i† Å®ΩnçûÓ A. ÉçöÀ °jéπ°æ¤p– éπ°æ¤p °j¶µ«í∫ç É™«çöÀ expression àD-™‰ü¿’. Q. She did get your rock off- •£æ›¨» O’®Ω’ DEo first half Åç-õ‰ -à-N’-öÀ? (¢Á·ü¿öÀÆæí∫ç– N®√´’ç ´·çü¿öÀ A. She did get your rocks offÆæí∫ç) èπ◊ §Ò®Ω-•úÕ Öçö«®Ω’. Get rocks off= 1) ¨¡%çí¬®Ω Q. Pisses off- -Åç-õ‰ -à-N’-öÀ? véÃúø/ Ææ綵-í∫ç™ éπLÍí Ææ^©†ç A. Pissed off- a) Piss off- äéπJE 2) ´’†èπ◊ džç-ü∆-EoîËa °æE-îË-ߪ’úøç. get out ÅØË •ü¿’©’ ¢√úË-´÷ô. Q. It is deadly to him. Piss Off = Get out. A. ÅûªúÕéπC ´’®Ω-ù«ç-ûªéπç/ î√´¤†’ Be pissed of- äéπJ´©x/ äéπ N≠æߪ’ç 鬮Ω-ùçí¬ NÆœT-§Ú-´úøç. . éπL-Tç-îËC. (Åçûª v°æ´÷-ü¿-¢Á’içC) Q Refil ™ ink -Å®·-§Ú®·ç-C. I am pissed off with his A. The refil has run out of ink/ behaviour. (ÅûªúÕ v°æ´-®Ωh†ûÓ is exhausted/ is dry. ؈’ NÆœ-T-§Úߪ÷) . Q (Piss Åçõ‰ ´‚vûªNÆæ-®Ωb† -Cy-B-ߪ’ -N°∂æ’oç. îËߪ’úøç– é¬Ææh •÷ûª’ éÀçü¿-™„éπ\– A. DEéÀ correct English ´÷ô ™‰ü¿’, English ¢√∞¡x-é¬-†-´’téπç go to toilet/ bathroom •ü¿’©’)

(hand ker-

chief

Plumbing = pipes, drainage

Water

èπ◊ Ææç•ç-

Cµç-*† N≠æߪ’ç. Break down =

ߪ’çvû√©’

îÁúÕ-§Ú-´úøç. Oô-Eoç-öÀF repair îËߪ’úøç– fix.

(≤ƒoØ√© í∫C ¢Á©’x-´M.SURESAN ´úøç (FöÀûÓ EçúÕ-§Ú-´úøç), °æç°æ¤-F∞¡Ÿx 鬮Ωúøç, washing machine °æE-îË-ߪ’-éπ-§Ú-´úøç) a) Rarely do we see the likes of Sachin and Å™«ç-öÀC/ Å™«çöÀ N≠æߪ’ç/ Ææç°∂æ’-ô†.

(Åçûª-öÀûÓ Å®·-§Ú-™‰ü¿’ (Ø√ éπ≥ƒd©’). ´’üµ¿u™ washing machine îÁúÕ-§Ú®·çC. ´çô Å´¤-ûª’ç-úøí¬ cylinder ´÷®√aLq ´*açC.)

Q

Ç àüÓ îÁúÕ-§Ú-®·-†-ô’dçC.

-Ççí∫x-¶µ«-≠æ-ù

Sachin, Dhoni

been confirmed.

b) Something has gone wrong with the washing machine = washing machine

What else went wr ong?

Bathroom

Åçû√ F∞Ï}. Éçöx á´®Ó ®√vûªçû√ pump A°œp °ôd-úøçûÓ, ë«S)

every day problems. Let us have a look at them and how they are expressed in English. Look at the following expressions from the dialogue above: 1) I haven't had the like of it in years. 2) What else went wrong? 3) The bathroom was flooded. 4) You haven't heard the last of it.

2

a) A plumber can fix the leaking taps and the pump choking of drains = drain plumber fix (repair)

鬮Ω’-ûª’†o

F∞¡Ÿx §ƒ®ΩE îËߪ’-í∫-©úø’.

©†’,

©†’,

b) The cycle mechanic took just ten minutes to fix the puncture to the tube = Puncture repair (fix)

†’ °æC EN’-≥ƒ™x Åçõ‰ fix †’ à ®Ωéπ-¢Á’i†

repair

î˨»úø’. ÈéjØ√ ¢√úÌa.

a) When the fuse blow off, fortunately the electrician was at hand to fix it = Fuse repair electrician

§Úí¬ØË ü∆Eo ¢ËÊÆç-ü¿’èπ◊/ îËÊÆç-ü¿’èπ◊, ü¿í∫_-®Ω-™ØË ÖØ√oúø’. Åü¿%-≠d-´æ -¨»ûª’h

b) Call me when the fuse blows off the next fuse lights time. I can fix it = repair

Ñ≤ƒJ §Ú®·, ÇJ-§ÚûË ††’o °œ©-´çúÕ, ؈’ îËߪ’-í∫©†’.

c) There is none here to fix the problem in the fan = Fan repair

îËÊÆçü¿’èπ◊ Ééπ\úø á´y®Ω÷ ™‰®Ω’. Fix - äéπ Ææ´’Ææuèπ◊ °æJ-≥ƒ\®Ωç éπ†’-éÓ\-´úøç ÅØË Å®ΩnçûÓ èπÿú≈ ¢√úøû√ç. The government feels it can fix the problem of hoarding =

Åvéπ´’ E©y© Ææ´’-Ææuèπ◊ °æJ-≥ƒ\®Ωç éπ†’-éÓ\-í∫-©-†E v°æ¶µº’ûªyç ¶µ«N-≤ÚhçC. on your performance/ Your chances of getting the job depends on your performance.

second obstruction/ second hindrance

™‰ü¿’ 鬕öÀd. Å®·ûË

(È®çúÓ ÅúøfçéÀ ÅØË Å®ΩnçûÓ) ņ-´îª’a. CyBߪ’ N°∂æ’oç– È®çúÓ ®ÓV Åçûª-®√ߪ’ç ÅØË Å®ΩnçûÓ– the inauspicious (Ũ¡Ÿ-¶µº-éπ-®Ω-¢Á’i†) break on the second day ÅØÌa. Q. ¢Á-©’-ûª’®Ω’ Ææ-J-í¬ -™‰éπ-§Ú-´-úøç-ûÓ Ç-ôèπ◊ -Åç-ûª®√-ߪ’ç éπ-L-Tç-C. A. Bad light interrupted the

Q

. îË-ûª’-©’ é¬-™«éπ -Çèπ◊-©’ °æ-ô’déÓ -´-úøç. A. Damming a river after the waters have flowed out =

F∞¡Ÿ} §ÒJx-§Ú-®·† ûª®√yûª †CéÀ dž-éπôd ¢Ëߪ’úøç. (crying over spilt milk= äL-éÀ§Ú®·† §ƒ©èπ◊ *çAç-îªúøç)play/ The play was interrupt. Q Ææ Ø √uÆæ ç °æ¤-aéÓ. ed because of bad light. . A Become a Sanyasin. Q. Å-ûª-úø’ -Fèπ◊ Å-Eo -N-üµ∆-™« -ûª-T-† . Q B ®Ω n ç , v °æ ≤ ƒ-ü¿ç. ´®Ω’-úø’. . A B®Ω n ç – DEéÀ éπ*a-ûªçí¬ ÆæÈ®j-†A. He is a suitable groom ´÷ô English ™ ™‰ü¿’. Å-A (bride-groom) for you in ü¿í∫_-®Ωí¬ ´îËa ´÷ô libationevery way. Å®·ûË ÉC-°æ¤púø’ ¢√úø’-éπ™  Q. -F performance †’ -•-öÀd- job ™‰ü¿’.-Å-´é¬-¨»-©’ -Öç-ö«®·. v°æ ≤ƒü¿ç – Offering (ØÁj¢Ëü¿uç A. Your job opportunity/ oppor°õ‰ d ǣ慮Ωç). tunity to get a job depends

Spoken English -§ƒ-ûª -¢√u≤ƒ-©éÓÆæç -éÀxé˙ -îË-ߪ’ç-úÕ.. URL: http://www.eenadu.net/spoken/spoken.htm

-´’çí∫-∞¡-¢√®Ωç 16 -ÂÆ-°dç-•®Ω’ 2008

Ñ-Ø√-úø’ £j«-ü¿®√-¶«-ü˛

P. Babu, Somandepalli

ÉC ûÁ©’-í∫’™ Åçûª-¢√-úø’-éπ™ ™‰ü¿’. Åçü¿’-éπE ÉC ¢√úø’éπ, -ü∆-E-™-E ®Ω鬩’ Å®Ωn-´’-´úøç é¬Ææh éπ≠dçæ . Öü∆-£æ«-®Ω-ù-©ûÓ N´-Jç-îª-í∫-©®Ω’. If he were Doctor, I would consult him. (Åûªúø’ A. If clause - An If clause is a group of Doctor Å®·ûË, ÅûªúÕE ؈’ Ææçv°æ-C-≤ƒh†’. Åûª-úø’ words beginning with 'If' and having a Doctor é¬úø’, Åçü¿’-éπE ؈’ Ææçv°æ-Cç-’/ Ææçv°æ-Cçverb in it. If ûÓ v§ƒ®Ωç-¶µº¢Á’i verb ÖçúË îª-úøç ™‰ü¿’) group of words †’ If clause Åçö«ç. Å®·ûË ’ éπü∆? -É-C improbable (Å´-é¬-¨¡ç-™‰E/ Ææ綵ºÉ™«çöÀ If clauses ≠æ®Ω-ûª’©’ (conditions) ûÁL-Ê°-´- Nç-ûÁE’Ææ ) present (v°æÆæ’hûªç). ®·ûË ¢√öÀE conditional clauses Åçö«ç. Öçúø-ö«-EéÀ 4. Imaginary past– -Ü£œ«ç-èπ◊-ØË í∫-ûªç/ -E-ïçé¬-E-C conditional clauses Ø√©’-í∫-®·Ø√ ´’†èπ◊ confusion If he had started earlier, he would have seen éπL-Tç-îËN ´‚úË. her = é¬Ææh ´·ç-üË •ßª’-©’-üË®Ω’ç-õ‰ Åûª-ú≈-¢Á’†’ îª÷ÊÆConditional Clauses (If clause expressing a condition) Ö†o sentence ™ main clause (a ¢√úË. (Åûªúø’ Ç©-Ææuçí¬ •ßª’-©’-üË®√úø’, Åçü¿’-éπE Ç¢Á’†’ clause with complete meaning) èπÿú≈ Öçô’çC. îª÷úø-™‰ü¿’.) É™«ç-öÀN -Ø√-©’í∫’ ®Ωé¬-©’í¬ Öçö«®·. If clause verb- had been/ had + past participle 1) Éçü¿’™ îÁÊ°pN á°æ¤púø÷ ï®Ω’-í∫’-û√®·/ Eïç.

So that =

Q. If clause

a) If you heat a substance, it expands.

(´Ææ’h-´¤†’ ¢ËúÕ-îËÊÆh ÅC ¢√uéÓ-*-Ææ’hçC/ ü∆E °®Ω’-í∫’-ûª’çC.)

size

b) If you turn to the east in the morning, you see the sun.

(§Òü¿’l† ûª÷®Ω’p--¢Áj°æ¤ AJ-TûË Ææ÷®Ω’uúø’ éπE-°œ-≤ƒhúø’.) Ñ È®çúø’ sentences ™†÷, If (conditional) clause ™, main clause ™ verbs present tense ™ØË Öçö«®·. If clause ™ îÁ°œpçC ïJ-TûË, main clause ™C éπ*a-ûªçí¬ ï®Ω’-í∫’-ûª’çC.

(past perfect) Main clause verb- would should have/ could have/ might have been or would have/ should have/ could have/ might have + past participle.

2

àüÁjØ√ ïJ-

Ííç-ü¿’èπ◊. He started early so that he can reach the place on time =

Ææ´’-ߪ÷EéÀ îË®Ω’-èπ◊-ØË-ô’xí¬/ îË®Ω’-èπ◊ØËç-ü¿’èπ◊í¬-†’ Åûªúø’ °çü¿™«úË •ßª’-©’-üË-®√úø’. Have a room mate so that you may not feel lonely = room mate

Q.

ã †’ îª÷Ææ’éÓ, äçô-J-ûª†ç ņ’¶µº-Nç-îª-èπ◊çú≈ ÖçúËç-ü¿’èπ◊. Provided that = if = Å®·ûË / Ç °æéπ~ç™.

éÀçC-¢√-öÀE ûÁ©’-í∫’™ Öü∆-£æ«-®Ω-ù-©ûÓ N´-Jç-îªí∫-©®Ω’. Had better, had rather, would rather, sooner than, rather than. Had better -

Ææ©£æ… ÉîËaç-ü¿’èπ◊ ¢√úË-´÷ô. †’´¤y °çü¿-™«úË F •é¬-®·-©Fo Evü¿ §Ú´úøç ´’ç*C. îÁLxç-*-†-ôx-®·ûË/ îÁLxçîË°æéπ~ç™ Fèπ◊ Ç¢Á’ BÆæ’-éÓ-èπ◊çú≈ Öçúøôç ´’ç*C. É≤ƒh®Ω’. have/ Had rather - Ñ expression English ™ ™‰ü¿’. b) I will go there proWould rather = ´’† É≥ƒdEo ûÁLÊ° expression vided (that) you pay for äéπ öÀ îËߪ’-ú≈Eéπçõ‰ ÉçéÓöÀ îËÊÆç-ü¿’èπ◊ É≠æd°æúøôç. my travel = Ø√ v°æߪ÷ù ê®Ω’a©’ †’´¤y ¶µºJÊÆh/ I would rather starve than eat in that restaurant = Ç £æ«Ùô™x AØËçü¿’éπçõ‰ °æÆæ’hç-úËçü¿’èπ◊ É≠æd°æúø-Ççí∫x-¶µ«-≠æ-ù 497 ¶µ¢Á∞ºJ¡-ûçîË√†’. °æéπ~ç™ ؈-éπ\-úÕéÀ û√†’ ؈’. (starve = °æÆæ’hç-úøôç) sooner than = Åçûªéπçõ‰ ûªy®Ωí¬. a) Provided that you pay all your fees dues you will get your hall ticket = fees hall ticket

You had better go to bed early She had better stop taking coffee = coffee

No wher e else do you see this system

Sentence A: Verb in 'If' clause - heat present tense; verb in the main clause - expands - present tense.

b) If he had consulted me, I would have given him good advice =

He recovered sooner than the Doctor had expected = Doctor

ņ’é¬Ææh ví¬çC∑éπç. E•ç-üµ¿-†©÷, èπ◊†o ü∆E-éπçõ‰ ûªy®Ωí¬ éÓ©’-èπ◊-Ø√o-úø-ûª-úø’. Recover = éÓ©’-éÓ-´úøç. Å®·ûË would sooner îªôd °æJ-¶µ«-≠æ™ áèπ◊\´í¬ ¢√úø-û√®Ω’. than ÅØ√o rather than ÅØ√o Å®Ωnç – would rather As though = Å®·-†ô’x, é¬-F, -é¬ü¿’ He speaks as though he were very (°j† N´-Jçî√ç éπü∆)™« äéπ-°æE éπçõ‰ ÉçéÓ °æE clever = àüÓ î√™« ûÁL-¢Áj-†-¢√-úø-®·-†ô’x îËÊÆçü¿’èπ◊ É≠æd°æ-úøôç. I would sooner starve than eat in that restau(é¬ØË-é¬úø’) ´÷ö«x-úø-û√úø’. Provided

Åûªúø’ ††’o Ææçv°æ-Cç* Öçõ‰ (Ææçv°æ-Cç-îª-™‰ü¿’) Åûª-úÕéÀ ؈’ ´’ç* Ææ©£æ… Éaç-úË-¢√-úÕ-E – Sentence B: If clause verb - turn - present (É´y-™‰ü¿’). Éü¿çû√ ïJ-T-§Ú-®·çC– -Ü-JÍé ņ’tence; Main clause verb - see - also present èπ◊çö«ç, Å™« ïJ-TûË/ ï®Ω-éπ\-§ÚûË ¶«í∫’ç- M.SURESAN tense. As though = As if. ´·êuçí¬ facts of science/ universal truths úËD.. É™«. ü∆-E-E í∫’-Jç--* îË-ߪ’-í∫-L-Tç-üËIn as much as = Ç ¢Ë’®Ωèπ◊. O’™‰ü¿’. Åçü¿’-éπE ü∆-E-E imaginary past Åçö«ç. îËÊ°pô°æ¤púø’ É™« ´Ææ’hçC. In as much as he knew about it, he went on Éçü¿’-™ØË ÉçéÓ ®Ωéπç: ÉC í∫ûªç™ ûª°æp-èπ◊çú≈ M.V. Subrahmanyam, Chillakur talking = ûª†èπ◊ ûÁL-Æ œç-ü¿çû√ Åûªúø’ ´÷ö«xúø’ûª÷ ïJ-T† N≠æߪ’ç. Q. éÀçC conjunctions èπ◊ ûÁ©’-í∫’™ Å®√n©’ ÉÆæ÷h, ÖØ√oúø’. ÉC out dated - ¢√úø’-éπ™  ™‰ü¿’. If I opened the door/ whenever I opened the Else - some -, every-, any-, no-, ©ûÓ v§ƒ®Ωçᙫ Ö°æ-ßÁ÷-Tç-î√™ ûÁ©’-°æçúÕ. door/ I always saw him standing there. ¶µ º ´ ’ßË’u ´÷ô©-ûÓ (some one, every one, any In order that, On condition that, Even if, So ؈’ ûª©’°æ¤ ûÁJÊÆh, Åûª-úø-éπ\úË E©-•úÕ éπ†-°æ-úË-¢√úø’. where, no where É™«çöÀ ´÷ô-©ûÓ) éπL°œ ¢√úÕûË, that, Provided that, As though, In as much If clause verb- opened (simple past) Éçé¬ ÅØË Å®Ωnç ´Ææ’hçC. Question words, 'wh'- ûÓ as, As if, Else, Lest main clause verb- saw (also simple past) begin ÅßË’u ´÷ô-©ûÓ ´Ææ’hçC. A. In order that = ÅC ïJÍíçü¿’-èπ◊-í¬†’. °j È®çúÕçöÀ N≠æߪ’ç™ Åçûª confusion ™‰ü¿’. Some one else was there besides him = He worked hard in order that he may have É°æ¤púø’ ÉN îª÷ü∆lç. Åûª-úÕ-ûÓ-§ƒô’, Éçé¬ á´®Ó ÖØ√o-®Ω-éπ\úø. enough money in his old age = He worked a) If he comes here, his mother will be happy No where else do you see this system = hard in order to have enough money in his (-Å-ûª-úÕ-éπ\-úÕéÀ ´ÊÆh ¢√∞¡x´’t ÆæçûÓ-≠œ-Ææ’hçC) = Ñ °æü¿l¥A ÉçÈé-éπ\ú≈ éπ†-°æ-úøü¿’. old age = He worked hard to have enough Åûª-úÕ-éπ\-úÕéÀ ´îËa Å´-鬨¡ç ÖçC. ¢√∞¡x´’t ÆæçûÓ-≠œçîË Or else = ™‰éπ-§ÚûË = otherwise money in his old age = He worked hard so Å´-é¬-¨¡´‚ ÖçC. ÉC probable present. (v°æÆæ’hûªç/ Come exactly at 7 daily as else you will lose that he may have enough money in his old Future ™ ïJÍí Å´-鬨¡ç Ö†o N≠æߪ’ç) If clause age = ´·ÆæLûª†ç™ î√L-†çûª úø•’sçúËçü¿’-èπ◊-í¬†’ your job = ®ÓW àúÕç-öÀéÀ ®√¢√L, ™‰éπ-§ÚûË F ÖüÓuí∫ç comes- present tense. Main clause - will be §Úûª’çC. Åûªúø’ î√™« éπ≠d-°æ æúÕ °æE-îË-¨»úø’/ v¨¡N’ç-î√úø’. future tense. lest = so that not = Å™« é¬èπ◊çú≈ ÖçúËç-ü¿’èπ◊. In order that/ in order to/ to/ so that = Åçü¿’b) If he can come at 7, he can/ will be able to èπ◊-í¬†’. OöÀ™ In order that/ in order to é¬Ææh He took enough care lest some one (should) meet her. deceive him = ûª††’ á´®Ω÷ ¢Á÷Ææ-Tç-îª-èπ◊çú≈ ÖçúËç-Å-ûªúø’ àúÕç-öÀéÀ ®√í∫-L-TûË – (®√´îª’a- – Ç Å´-鬨¡ç ví¬çC∑éπç. to/ so that, simple. ÖçC) Åûª-ú≈-¢Á’†’ éπ©’-Ææ’-éÓí∫LÍí Å´-鬨¡ç ÖçC. ÉC They are collecting money in order to that ü¿’èπ◊ Åûªúø’ ûªí∫’ ñ«ví∫ûªh BÆæ’-èπ◊-Ø√oúø’. they may help/ in order to help / so that they may Q. Object of a preposition Åçõ‰ àN’öÀ? Subject, èπÿú≈ v°æÆæ’hûªç/ future ™ Ææ綵º´ç. If clause verb - can come- present tense help/ to help the flood victims = ´®Ωü¿ ¶«Cµ-ûª’-©èπ◊ Object ÅØËN verb Íé Öçö«®· éπü∆. Öü∆-£æ«-®Ω-ù(future implied) - Main clause- can meet/ Ææ£æ…ߪ’ç îËÊÆç-ü¿’èπ◊ ¢√∞¡Ÿx úø•’s §Úí∫’-îË-Ææ’h-Ø√o®Ω’. ©ûÓ N´-Jç-îª-í∫-©®Ω’. will be able - present (future implied) On condition that = Ç ≠æ®Ω-ûª’èπ◊ ™•úÕ; A. Preposition èπ◊ -üËEE/ á´-JE ÅE v°æ¨¡o ¢ËÆæ’-èπ◊çõ‰ DEE probable present Åçö«ç. I will give you the loan on condition that you ´îËa answer, object of the preposition. 3) a) If he saw me here now/ were to see repay it by this month end = Ñ ØÁ-™«-ê-®Ω’-™°æ¤ †’´¤y a) They threw stones at the police – Ééπ\úø me here now, he would be/ would feel very AJ-TîËa ≠æ®Ωûª’ O’ü¿ Fèπ◊ ؈’ Å°œp≤ƒh†’. preposition 'at' éπü∆? At whom? Åç--õ‰ police -Å-ØË angry The Principal re-admitted him on condition answer ´Ææ÷hç-C éπ-ü∆. Å°æ¤púø’ police is the object Ñ sentence Å®Ωnç î√™« Ææp-≠dçæ í¬ ûÁ©’-Ææ’-éÓ-¢√L. that he will not repeat what he has done = Åûªúø’ of the preposition, 'at'. Åûª-úÕ-°æ¤púø’ †Eo-éπ\úø îª÷úøôç Åçô÷ ïJ-TûË (ïJÍí îËÆœçC ´’Sx îËߪ’-†ØË ≠æ®Ω-ûª’-O’ü¿ ÅûªúÕE principal ´’Sx b) The police are searching for the terrorist Å´-鬨¡ç ™‰ü¿’) -Å-ûª-úÕéÀ î√™« éÓ°æç ´Ææ’hçC. (ÉD îË®Ω’a-èπ◊-Ø√oúø’. Ééπ\-úø preposition, for = éÓÆæç. á´-J-éÓÆæç ¢Áûª’-èπ◊-ûª’ïJÍí Å´-鬨¡ç ™‰ü¿’) – Ééπ\úø tenses í∫´’-Eç-îªçúÕ. Even if = Å®·-†-°æp-öÀéÃ; Å®·Ø√ èπÿú≈ Ø√o®Ω ’? terrorist éÓÆæç, 鬕öÀd terrorist, Ééπ\úø object If clause: Past simple/ were (even for singu-

rant = I would rather starve than eat in that restaurant. Q.

éÀçC ¢√é¬u-©èπ◊ ûËú≈†’ N´-Jç-îª-í∫-©®Ω’. ÉN habits †’ ûÁL-ߪ’-ñ‰-≤ƒhߪ÷? 1. I would take milk in the morning.

past

2. I used to take milk in the morning. A. 1)

؈’ §Òü¿’l-†- §ƒ©’ BÆæ’-èπ◊-ØËçü¿’èπ◊ É≠æd°æúø-û√†’/ (í∫ûªç™) É≠æd-°æ-úË-¢√-úÕE. 2) ؈’ §Òü¿’l† §ƒ©’ û√Íí¢√úÕE. Q. Wren & Martin ™ explanation ™ govern, modify, qualify ÅØË °æü∆©’ ¢√ú≈®Ω’. OöÀ í∫’Jç* ûÁ©’-í∫’™ N´-Jç-îª-í∫-©®Ω’. A. Govern - äéπ ´÷ô ÉçéÓ ´÷ô†’/ phrase †’ govern îËÊÆh Ç ´÷ô, Ç ÉçéÓ ´÷ô†’/ phrase †’ ¢√úË Nüµ∆Eo ¨»Æœ-Ææ’hçC. The Government of India. Ééπ\úø India is governed by the preposition 'of'. Modify - äéπ-´÷ô Å®√nEo ÉçéÓ-´÷ô áèπ◊\´ îËߪ’úøç. ≤ƒ--üµ∆®Ω-ùçí¬ á™«? ÅØË v°æ¨¡oèπ◊ Ææ´÷-üµ∆†çí¬ ´îËa ´÷ô, ÉçéÓ ´÷ô†’ modify îËÆæ’hçC. Adverb, verb †’/ adjective †’/ ÉçéÓ adverb †’ modify îËÆæ’hçC. He sang well. ᙫ §ƒú≈úø’? Well. 鬕öÀd Well, sang †’ modify îËÆæ’hçC. Qualify - í∫’ù-í∫-ù«-©†’ ûÁ©-°æúøç – adjective îËÊÆ-°æE (´Jgç-îªúøç). He is a tall boy. Ééπ\úø tall boy †’ ´Jg-≤ÚhçC. So, the adjective 'tall' qualifies the noun, boy.

Nagaraju, Srikakulam

éÀç-C-¢√-öÀ-E -ûÁ-©’í∫’-™ -à-´’ç-ö«®Ó -ûÁ-©’°æí∫-©®Ω’. Q. üË-´¤-úÕéÀ -ØÁj-¢Ë-ü¿uç °-ôd-úøç. A. Making an offering to god. Q. ¢Á·èπ◊\ -B®Ω’aéÓ-´-úøç. a) Even if the Chief Minister asks me to con- of the preposition, 'for'. lar subjects)- saw; Main clause- would/ should/ A one's vows. test, I won't = CM ††’o §ÚöÃ-îË-ߪ’-´’E ÅúÕ-TØ√/ îª÷¨»®Ω’ éπü∆ verb ûª®√yûª preposition ´ÊÆh, °j Q.. Fulfil could) might + Ist Regular Doing Word. û ª © F ™ «-©’ Ææ-´’-Jpç-éÓ-´-úøç. ÅúÕ-TØ√ èπÿú≈ ؈’ §ÚöÃ-îË-ߪ’†’. senteces ™ ´÷C-Jí¬ - î√™« verbs ûª®√yûª prepob) If I were very strong, I could beat him. . A Offering of hair. sitions ´Ææ’hç-ö«®· éπü∆? eg: look at, pay for, jump ؈’ •©-´ç-ûª’-úÕ-†®·-ûË (鬆’), ¢√úÕE ãúÕç-îª-í∫-©†’. Contest = §Úöà îËߪ’úøç/ §ÚöÃ. . Q Å ´ ’t¢ √J éÀ é¬-†’éπí¬ -É-´y-úøç. b) Even if the CM recommends you, I won't into, etc. - Å™«-´-*a-†-°æ¤púø’ ≤ƒ-üµ∆®Ω-ùçí¬ preposition (é¬E É°æ¤púø’ îËߪ’-™‰†’) . A Making/ offering a gift/ something give you the job = CM E†’o recommend îËÆ œØ√/ ûª®√y-A-´÷ô (á´JE, üËEE -Å-ØË v°æ¨¡oèπ◊ Ææ´÷-üµ∆-†çí¬ If clause; If I were strong - verb - were - Main deity. îËÆœ-Ø√-èπÿú≈ ؈’ Fèπ◊ ÖüÓuí∫ç É´y†’. ´îËaC), object of the preposition Å´¤-ûª’çC. clause verb - could beat.

Spoken English -§ƒ-ûª -¢√u≤ƒ-©éÓÆæç -éÀxé˙ -îË-ߪ’ç-úÕ.. URL: http://www.eenadu.net/spoken/spoken.htm

to the

-Ç-C-¢√®Ωç 21 -ÂÆ-°dç-•®Ω’ 2008

Ñ-Ø√-úø’ £j«-ü¿®√-¶«-ü˛

Punya: Has Moksha come back?

Punya: You've guessed aright. Let's make it at 6.

(†’´¤y ÆæJ-í¬ØË Ü£œ«ç-î√´¤. ÇJç-öÀéÀ ¢Á∞«lç)

(¢Á÷éπ~ AJ-íÌ-*açü∆?) Priya: She has. I met her yesterday.

Priya: OK.

(´*açC. E†o ؈’ éπ©’-Ææ’-èπ◊-Ø√o†’)

2

b) The dents on the car show that it has bumped against something = car

´’†ç éÌçûª-é¬-©çí¬ phrasal verbs †’ í∫’Jç* ûÁ©’-Ææ’-èπ◊ç-ô’Ø√oç. Phrasal verbs Åçõ‰ ûÁ©’Ææ’ (ûª† v°æߪ÷ù«©†’ í∫’Jç* D®Ω`çí¬ îÁ°æpúøç ´’†èπ◊ – È®çúø’ ´‚úø’ ´÷ô-©’ç-ö«®·, äéπ phrasal verb - Åçü¿’™ äéπöÀ verb, N’í∫-û√N preposition/ ¢Á·ü¿-©’-°-ô’dç-ú≈--™‰) adverbí¬ ÖçúË *†o ´÷ô©’ – at, for, in, into etc. Account = ´÷´‚-©’í¬ ´’†ç account Åçõ‰ Å®·ûË äéπ phrasal verb ¢Á·ûªhç Å®√n-EéÃ, Åçü¿’™ ™„éπ\©ØË Å®ΩnçûÓ ¢√úø’-ûª’çö«ç. ÖçúË äéÓ\ ´÷ô Å®√n-Eéà àç Ææç•çüµ¿ç Öçúøü¿’. ÉC Account Åçõ‰ Ééπ\úÕ Å®Ωnç, äéπ N≠æߪ’ç/ Ææç°∂æ’-ô´’† conversation™ ¢√úø’-ûª’çõ‰ practice O’ü¿ ††’ í∫’Jç* N´-®Ωçí¬ îÁ°æpúøç. Å®Ωn´’ßË’u N≠æߪ’ç. Ñ lesson ™ ´’†ç ´÷´‚-©’í¬ Priya: She did of course. It seems while her Eûªu-@-N-ûªç™ ¢√úø-í∫© phrasal verbs ûÁ©’-Ææ’-èπ◊çü∆ç.

Ç üËEéÓ úµŒ éÌçü¿E ü∆E-O’ü¿ ≤Òôd™‰ ûÁ©’-°æ¤ûª’-Ø√o®·. Dent= ≤Òôd 3) Hang out = äÍéîÓô î√™«-ÊÆ°æ¤ í∫úø-°æúøç– °æE ÖØ√o ™‰éπ-§Ú-®·Ø√.

Look at the following expressions from the conversation above. 1) She must have launched into a long account of her travels. 2) .... their car bumped against the pavement. 3) She used to hang out with Moksha all the time. 4) Moksha and she used to while away their time...

b) She hangs out at the beauty parlour wasting all her money on beauty care = beauty parlour

Punya: She must have launched into a long account of her travels.

cousin was driving her home in Chennai, their car bumped against the pavement.

(Ç °æØË îËÆœçC. ûª† cousin ûª††’ ÉçöÀéÀ car ™ BÆæ’-Èé-∞¡Ÿ-ûª’çõ‰ -Å-C pavement èπ◊ úµŒ éÌöÀdç-ü¿ô.) pavement = Road èπ◊ È®ç-úø’ -¢Áj-°æ¤© ÖçúË é¬L-¶«ô, ´’†ç ´÷´‚-©’í¬ ûª°æ¤pí¬ platform Åçô’çö«ç. DEéÀ ÉçéÓ-´÷ô Kerb. American - side walk. Pavement dwellers = É©’x ™‰éπ pavement O’ü¿ØË @Nç-îË-¢√∞¡Ÿx. dwell - live; dweller = people who live Punya: Hope they are safe.

a) He hangs out at the park most of the evenings = park

î√™« ≤ƒßª’ç-vû√©’ Åûªú≈ í∫úø’-°æ¤-û√úø’, °æØËç-™‰éπ.

™

á°æ¤púø÷ ™ØË í∫úø’-°æ¤-ûª’çC, Ç¢Á’ Ç ≤˘çü¿®Ωu §Ú≠æ-ùèπ◊ úø•’s ´%ü∑∆ îËÆæ÷h. Hangers out = äéπîÓô áèπ◊\´ Æ洒ߪ’ç í∫úÕ-Ê°¢√∞¡Ÿx (àO’ ûÓîªéπ)

-Ççí∫x-¶µ«-≠æ-ù

498

The police have rounded up the hangers out at the park after 10.30. =

5) A real doll = idiom.

Priya: Nothing very serious fortunately, but Moksha's ankle is badly sprained. She is walking with a limp.

(Åü¿%-≠d-´æ -¨»ûª’h Åçûª °ü¿l í¬ßª÷™‰ç ™‰´¤, é¬E ¢Á÷éπ~ <©-´’çúø (é¬LéÀ §ƒü∆Eo éπLÊ° éé’) ¶«í¬ ¶„ùÀ-éÀçC. é¬Ææh èπ◊çô’-ûª÷ †úø’-≤ÚhçC.) Sprain = ¶„ù’èπ◊/ ¶„ù-éπúøç Punya: Sorry to hear that. I must go and see her then.

(NØËç-ü¿’èπ◊ ¶«üµ¿í¬ ÖçC. äéπ-≤ƒJ ¢ÁRx îª÷ú≈©-®·ûË.) Priya: You know her cousin, Kaivalya, don't you? She was here for two years. She used to hang out with Moksha. Don't you remember?

(ûª† cousin Èéj´©u Fèπ◊ ûÁ©’Ææ’ éπü∆? Ééπ\úø È®çúË-∞¡ŸxçC. á°æ¤púø÷ ¢Á÷éπ~-ûÓØË ÖçúËC. Fèπ◊ í∫’®Ω’h-™‰ü∆?) Punya: I do of course. I know Kaivalya. Moksha and she used to while away their time shopping, going to movies or chatting.

(áçü¿’èπ◊ ûÁL-ߪ’ü¿’? Èéj´©u Ø√èπ◊ ¶«í¬ ûÁ©’Ææ’. ûª†÷ ¢Á÷éπ~ á°æ¤púø÷ àüÓ äéπöÀ éÌçô÷, ÆœE-´÷-©-Èé-∞¡Ÿûª÷, éπ•’®Ω’x îÁ°æ¤p-èπ◊çô÷ 鬩ç í∫úÕ-Ê°-¢√∞¡Ÿx.) Priya: She is a real doll, this Kaivalya, with her round face, dimples, dark round eyes.

5) She is a real doll 6) The long and short of it all is that she is cute. 7) Likely this evening, in any case, tomorrow. 8) You've guessed aright. 1) Launch into =

10.30 ûª®√yûª park ™ í∫úø’-°æ¤-ûª’†o¢√®Ωçü¿-JF police ©’ Åü¿’-°æ¤-™éÀ BÆæ’-èπ◊-Ø√o®Ω’. 4) While away = Ææ®Ω-ü∆í¬, •ü¿l-éπçûÓ é¬©ç í∫úÕ-Ê°-ߪ’úøç

î√™« Åçü¿-í∫ûÁh Å®·-†-°æp-öÀéÃ í¬ ûª†’ Åçûª °jéÀ ®√™‰-éπ-§Ú-®·çC.

b) Being a real doll, she has set quite a number of hearts afire =

î√™« Åçü¿-í∫ûÁh é¬-´-úøç ´©x î√™« ߪ·´ £æ«%ü¿-ߪ÷-©†’ Ç¢Á’ éπ©-´-®Ω-°-öÀdçC. (Set afire = set fire to = ÅÆæ-©®Ωnç – ûªí∫-©-¶„-ôdúøç. Ééπ\úø éπ©-´-®Ω-°-öÀdçC) 6) The long and short of = ≤ƒ®√稡ç = ÅÆæ©’ N≠æߪ’ç èπ◊x°æhçí¬ – ÉC èπÿú≈ idiom ´÷vûª¢Ë’. Phrasal verb é¬ü¿’. Phrasal verb Å®·ûË äéπ ´÷ô verb í¬ Öçô’çC. a) You have said enough. The long and short of it is that you are not at fault -

(Å´¤†’. î√©’. †’´¤y îÁÊ°p ´÷ô© ≤ƒ®√稡ç Åçû√ Ç Å´÷t®· î√™« Åçü¿-¢Á’içü¿E) cute = Åçü¿-¢Á’i† Priya: So when are you going to see Moksha? If I have the time, I'll go with you as well.

A.V. Subba Oripenta

Rao,

Q. Pylon A.

Q. Fellowship A. A.

Punya: Likely this evening, but in any tomorrow.

case,

(≤ƒßª’çvûªç 鬴a ™‰ü∆ Í®°æ¤) Priya: If it is tomorrow, it will be in the evening, won't it?

(Í®°æ-®·ûË, ≤ƒßª’ç-vûª¢Ë’ éπü∆?)

b) The long and short of his speech was that his party alone could serve the country

¢√u-§ƒ®Ωç-™/ -§ƒ-J-v¨»-N’éπçí¬ -áç-ûÓ Ææ秃-Cç* ûªü∆y®√ °æ©’-èπ◊-•úÕ, ≤Ún´’ûª °ç-èπ◊†o ´uéÀh.v°æ´·ê/ ´·êu-¢Á’i†/ °æ©’-èπ◊-•-úÕ-í∫© ´uéÀh

Q. Pilot project

A.

1) îªçü∆ 2) üÓ£æ«ü¿ç/ Ææ£æ…ߪ’ç îËߪ’-úøç/ -ûÓ-úøpúË N≠æߪ’ç.

A.

îªçü∆

Q. enterprenuer A. enterprenuer

– Pronunciation Ççô-v°-Ø√(®˝)– Å®Ωnç ≤ƒ£æ«-ÆæçûÓ áçûÓ Â°ü¿l áûª’h† °ô’d-•úÕ Â°öÀd ¢√u§ƒ®Ωç †úÕ°œ ™«¶µºç §ÒçüË-¢√∞¡Ÿx.

Q. swap A.

A.

Q. melo drama

àüÁjØ√ v°æù«-Réπ/ project áçûª-´-®Ωèπ◊ Nï-ߪ’-´ç-ûª-´’-´¤-ûª’çüÓ ûÁ©’-Ææ’-èπ◊-ØËç- Q. enterprises ü¿’èπ◊ v°æßÁ÷-í¬-ûªt-éπçí¬ E®Ωy-£œ«çîË A. Company/ ¢√u§ƒ®Ωç. °-ü¿l -á-ûª’h-† project. ü∆E ïߪ÷-°æ-ï-ߪ÷-©-†’-•öÀd, ≤ƒ£æ«-≤Ú-Ê°-ûªçí¬ Â°ô’d-•-úÕûÓ E®Ωy-£œ«çîË (plural) ü∆Eo é̆-≤ƒ-Tç-îª-úø´÷, ´÷†’-éÓ-´- ¢√u§ƒ®Ωç.Enterprises ´·êuçí¬ company Ê°®Ω x ™  éπ E -°œ-Ææ’hç-C. úø´÷ ÅØËC E®Ωg-®·-≤ƒh®Ω’.

îËÊÆç-ü¿’èπ◊ äéπ °æE îË°æöÀd °æ‹Jh îËÊÆç-ü¿’èπ◊ Å´-Ææ-®Ω-¢Á’i† úø•’s. Price: äéπ ´Ææ’h´¤ éÌØËç-ü¿’èπ◊, àüÁjØ√ ÊÆ´†’ §ÒçüËç-ü¿’èπ◊ îÁLxçîË üµ¿®Ω. The cost of construction of a house =

É©’x éπõ‰dç-ü¿’-éπßË’u ê®Ω’a.

The price of the building =

Ç éπôdúøç (¶µº´†ç, É©’x,

Q. feedback

1) äéπ °æE áçûª-´-®Ωèπ◊ ¶«í¬ ïJTçC, ™§ƒ-™‰-´’Ø√o ÖØ√oߪ÷, áçûª- Ö°æ-ßÁ÷-í∫-éπ-®Ωçí¬ -Ö-Ø√o-ߪ’-E Éûª-®Ω’© -†’ç-* -´-îËa Ææ©£æ…, N´’®Ωz, Ææ´÷-î√®Ωç. 2) Mike ©’ amplifier ©™ ´îËa ¨¡•lç.

=

Q. subscription

Q. contribution

Q. Big shot

A.

î√™« áûª’h™ Nü¿’u-Bh-í∫-©†’ éπLÊ° ¶«í¬ áûªh-®·† metal Ææh綵«©’. High voltage wires †’ ¶«í¬ áûª’h™ ÖçîËç-ü¿’èπ◊ ¢√úø-û√®Ω’.

≤ƒçí∫ûªuç

Q. Tycoon

A.

(Å®·ûË ¢Á÷éπ~-ØÁ-°æ¤púø’ îª÷≤ƒh´¤? Ø√èπ◊ BJèπ◊çõ‰ ؈’ FûÓ ´ü∆l-´’E)

îÁ°œpçC î√©’. †’´¤y îÁÊ°p-ü¿çû√/ îÁÊ°pü∆E ≤ƒ®√稡ç, ûª°æ¤p FC é¬ü¿E.

Çߪ’† Ö°æ-Ø√uÆæç ≤ƒ®√稡ç Åçû√, ûª† party äéπ \õ‰ ü˨»-EéÀ ÊÆ´ îËߪ’-í∫-©-ü¿E. a) We whiled away our time watch7) In any case = àC à¢Á’iØ√/ àC ïJ-T-†-°æp-öÀéà = ing the TV and playing cards = üË-E í∫’Jç-îª-®·Ø√ ÉC èπÿú≈ phrasal verb é¬ü¿’. Prepositional TV îª÷Ææ÷h, Ê°é¬ô Ç-úø’ûª÷ 鬩ç í∫úÕÆæ’D-®Ω`çí¬ Öû√q£æ«çûÓ îÁ°æp-úøç/ M.SURESAN phrase. Ê°¨»ç Ææ®Ω-ü∆í¬, •ü¿l-éπçûÓ. ´Jgç-îª-úøç ¢Á·ü¿-©’-°-ôdúøç. a) I am likely to go there in a day or two; in any b) Don't while away your time. Do some thing a) Just mention the US, and he launches into case before thursday = ØËØÌéπöÀ È®çúø’ ®ÓV™x solid = F time Å™« í∫úÕ-Ê°Ææ÷h ´%ü∑∆ îËÆæ’-éÓèπ◊. an account of his tour to the place = †’´¤y Åéπ\-úÕéÀ ¢Á∞Ôxa; àüË-¢Á’iØ√ í∫’®Ω’-¢√®Ωç ´·çü¿Í® í∫öÀdí¬ àüÁjØ√ îË®·. Å¢Á’-Jé¬ Ê°È®-û√h-´çõ‰ î√©’/ Ê°È®-ûªh-úø¢Ë’ Ç©Ææuç, ¢Á∞¡û√. ¢√úø’ ûª† °æ®Ωu-ô† O’ü¿ Ææ’D-®Ó`-°æ-Ø√uÆæç É≤ƒhúø’. c) He has a lot of property to fall back upon, b) There is no use complaining now. In any b) She launched into a narration of her expeso he just whiles away his time = Åûª-úÕéÀ 鬴case we aren't going to get back the money riences as the only woman in her office = ©-Æœ†çûª ÇÆæ’hçC, ÇÆæ®√ ÉîËaç-ü¿’èπ◊. Åçü¿’-éπE - É°æ¤púø’ ¶«üµ¿-°æúÕ v°æßÁ÷-ï†ç ™‰ü¿’. àüË-¢Á’iØ√ Ç ûª† office ™ ûªØÌ-éπ\-ûË Æ‘Yí¬ ûª† ņ’-¶µº-¢√-©†’ Å™« 鬩ç í∫úÕ-Ê°-Ææ’hç-ö«úø’, àç îËߪ’-èπ◊çú≈. úø•’s ´’†èπ◊ AJT ®√ü¿’. í∫’Jç* N´-Jç-îªôç ¢Á·ü¿-©’-°-öÀdçC. To fall back upon = éπ≥ƒd™ x Åéπ\-®Ω-éÌîËaçü¿’èπ◊ 8) Guess aright = ÆæJí¬ Ü£œ«ç--éÓ-´úøç. Give an account of = ã ´%û√hçûªç (N≠æߪ’ç) a) The old woman has none to fall back upon a) ''That's the car you want to buy, isn't it?" N´-®Ω-ùí¬ îÁ°æpúøç. Narration = éπü∑¿†ç – üˆo®·Ø√ = Ç ´·Ææ-™«-N-úøèπ◊ éπ≥ƒd™ x Åéπ\-®Ω-éÌ-îËaç-ü¿’èπ◊/ ÇÆæ(Ç car ØË éπü∆ †’´¤y éÌ-Ø√-©-†’-èπ◊ç-ô’çC?) éπü∑¿™« îÁ°æp-úøç. Narrate= (éπü∑¿) îÁ°æpúøç. ®√í¬ ÖçúËç-ü¿’èπ◊ á´®Ω÷ ™‰®Ω’. 'You've guessed aright. How do you know, 2) Bump against = úµŒ éÌôdúøç = Crash into/ hit/ (Correct í¬ØË Ü£œ«ç-î √´¤. ᙫ ûÁ©’Ææ’ Fèπ◊?) b) He has a little savings in the bank to fall knock against. back on/ upon = àüÓ ÇÆæ-®√-éÌ-îËaç-ü¿’èπ◊/ Åéπ\-®Ωb) She guessed aright that the police were a) The car bumped against a lamp post and looking for her = ûª† éÓÆæ¢Ë’ police ©’ îª÷Ææ’héÌ-îËaç-ü¿’èπ◊ bank ™ §Òü¿’°æ¤ îËÆæ’-èπ◊†o rested on the kerb = Ç car light Ææh綵«Eo úµŒ Ø√o-®ΩE Ç¢Á’ ÆæJ-í¬_ØË Ü£œ«ç-*çC. ≤Ò´·tçC. éÌô’dèπ◊E pavement O’ü¿ EL-*çC.

(î√™« Åçü¿çí¬ Öçô’çC Èéj´©u, í∫’çvúøöÀ éÀç-C °æ-ü∆-©èπ◊ -Å®√n-©’ ¢Á·£æ«ç, -≤Ò-ôd -•’-í∫_©’, †©xöÀ í∫’çvúøöÀ éπ∞¡Ÿx.) -N-´-Jç-îªí∫-©®Ω’.

Punya: Yea, enough. The long and short of it all is that she is really cute.

phrasal verb

a) Though a real doll, she never made it good as a model = model

She is a r eal doll

(¢√∞¡xÍéç 鬙‰-ü¿-†’èπ◊çö«)

î√™« Åçü¿-í∫ûÁh. ÉC

é¬ü¿’,

´÷JpúÕ/ ´÷®Ω’a-éÓ-´úøç.

A. melo drama =

ÅA ü¿’”êç/ ÅA£æ…Ææuç/ ÅA-vÊ°´’/ ÅA û√uí∫ç– É™« ÅFo ÅAí¬ îª÷°œÊÆh ¢√Ææh-N-éπçí¬ Ö†o éπü∑¿©’, Ø√ô-鬩’, ÆœE-´÷©’– ¶µ«®Ω-Bߪ’ ÆœE-´÷©’ ü∆ü∆°æ¤ ÅFo melo dramas (having too much of sentiment to be realistic.)

Q. cost - price

-Ñ È®ç-úÕç-öÀ -ûË-ú≈ -N-´-Jç-îªí∫-©®Ω’. A. Cost - äéπ ´Ææ’h´¤ éÌØËç-ü¿’èπ◊,

etc)

üµ¿®Ω.

Q. help desk, help line A.

àüÁjØ√ ÆæçÆæn NE-ßÁ÷-í∫-ü∆-®Ωxèπ◊ Ö*ûª Ææ£æ…ߪ’ Ææ´÷-î√-®√-©ç-CçîË à®√pô’. Help desk= Ææn©ç, Help line = phone.

Q. protem speaker A.

éÌûªhí¬ à®√p-ô-®·-†

Assembly/

Parliament, Speaker

†’ ᆒo-èπ◊-ØË´-®Ωèπ◊ Æ涵« ´u´-£æ…-®√-©†’ †úÕÊ° û√û√\-Léπ speaker.

Spoken English -§ƒ-ûª -¢√u≤ƒ-©éÓÆæç -éÀxé˙ -îË-ߪ’ç-úÕ.. URL: http://www.eenadu.net/spoken/spoken.htm

-´’çí∫-∞¡-¢√®Ωç 23 -ÂÆ-°dç-•®Ω’ 2008 A. Sridhar, Oripenta

éÀ-ç-C-¢√-öÀéÀ -Å®√n-©’ -N-´-Jç-îªí∫-©®Ω’. Q. Basic Instinct A. ØÁjïç/ ØÁjï-í∫’ùç Q. blue mat A. ÉC °æü¿ç é¬ü¿’, America ™ ã

Ñ-Ø√-úø’ £j«-ü¿®√-¶«-ü˛ Q. night out

A.

Q. dam good

A.

Q. turbonator

A.

Bowler Singh

company Q. blue print A.

Ê°®Ω’. Blue Print = 1) ´’†ç îËߪ’-¶ßË’ °æ†’-©èπ◊ ûªßª÷-®Ω’-îË-Ææ’-èπ◊ØË v°æù«-Réπ. eg: A blue print for the development of atomic energy -

Åù’-¨¡éÀh ÅGµ-´%-Cl¥éÀ v°æù«-Réπ. 2) §ƒûª ®ÓV™x v°æûËuéπ FL-®Ωçí∫’ é¬Tûªç O’ü¿, building ©, ߪ’çvû√© photo copy (eg: A blue print of the proposed building - v°æA-§ƒC-Ææ’h†o building plan) Q. awesome A. Ææçv¶µº-´÷-¨¡a-®√u©’ éπLTçîË– Åçûª Ææ’©-¶µºçí¬ Å®Ωnç-é¬-èπ◊çú≈ ¶µºßª’ç, íı®Ω´ç, é¬Ææh ÇçüÓ-∞¡† éπL-TçîË (ÆæEo-¢Ë-¨»©’/ ü¿%¨»u©’/ 鬮√u©’) Q. wake-awake A. wake - Evü¿-™‰-°æúøç. Awake = ¢Á’©-èπ◊-´í¬ Ö†o Q. sleep-asleep A. sleep - Evü¿-§Ú-´úøç. Asleep Evü¿-§Ú-ûª’†o Q. loud-aloud A. loud - Gí∫_-È®j† Aloud - Gí∫_-®Ωí¬ (he spoke in a loud voice; He was speaking aloud) Q. rise-arise-arose A. rise -

Q. ultimatum Q. police combing Q. covert Q. core committee

Q. punch dialogue

Q. boom

Q. stamina Q. namkeen Q. inter act Q. zinc food

Q. dare devil

Q. count down

A. Wait for = Await - await

ví¬çC∑éπç *´J £«îªa-Jéπ – Ç ûª®√yûª Ééπ îªÍ®u A. Police ©’ ØË®Ω-Ææ’h© éÓÆæç í¬Lç-îªúøç A. ®Ω£æ«-Ææu-¢Á ’i† X overt (¶«£æ…-ô-¢Á’i†) A. Core committee = ã ÆæçÆæn™ ´·êu-¢Á’i† Íéçvü¿ Ææç°∂æ’ç A. Punch Dialogue = Ææ綵«≠æù ¢Á·ûªhç™ ÅA ´·êu¢Á’i† dialogue. A. Boom = 1) (¢√u§ƒ-®Ωç™) N°æ-K-ûª-¢Á’i† °®Ω’-í∫’-ü¿©/ Å´’t-鬩 ñ®Ω’. 2) •÷ç ÅE NE-°œçîË ¨¡•lç. A. Ææûª’h´ A. ÉC English ´÷ô-é¬ü¿’. A. á´JûÓ-†-®·Ø√ ´÷ö«x-úøôç, éπLÆœ °æE-îË-ߪ’úøç, etc. A. zinc = ߪ’¨¡ü¿ç– äéπ metal (™£æ«ç) zinc food èπ◊ v°æûËu-éπ-¢Á’i† Å®Ωnç-™‰ü¿’. A. v°æ´ ÷-ü∆-©èπ◊ ™„éπ\-îË-ߪ’èπ◊çú≈, à ≤ƒ£æ«-≤ƒ-E-ÈéjØ√ Æœü¿l¥-°æ-úË-¢√®Ω’. A. °j ÅçÈé †’ç* (100 ™‰ü∆ 10 †’ç*) Ææ’†o ´®Ωèπ◊ ™„éÀ\ç-îªúøç, bombs, rockets ™«çöÀN Ê°™‰açü¿’èπ◊ ´C-™‰ç-ü¿’èπ◊. 2) ´·£æfi®Ωhç ü¿í∫_-®Ω-°æ-úøôç. A.

Q. frustration

A.

Harbhajan

ûª©-§ƒí¬ ô’d-èπ◊E NÈéô’x °æúø-íÌ-úø-û√úø’. (terminate - Åçûªç îËߪ’úøç; terminator - Åçûªç îËÊÆ¢√úø’ – Åçü¿’-éπE ÅûªúÕE Å™« ´u´-£æ«-J-≤ƒh®Ω’) E®√¨¡ ´©x éπLÍí EÆæp %£æ«/ E®Ω’-û√q£æ«ç

A. Sudhakar, Bhiknoor Q.

v°æA Éçô-®Ω÷yu™ 'Tell us about yourself' ÅE Åúø’-í∫’-û√®Ω’. DEéÀ Ææ´÷-üµ∆-†çí¬ Å¶µºuJn •ßÁ÷-úË-ö«ûÓ-§ƒô’ àN’ îÁ§ƒpL? A. Tell us about yourself ņo-°æ¤púø’ first, Ê°®Ω’ îÁ•’û√ç – My name is so and so ÅE begin îËߪ’-èπ◊çú≈ (English medium LKG, UKG °œ©x™«x), I am so and so; I am from (O’ ÜJ Ê°®Ω’), location (District, nearest important city, O’ family background (Agriculture/ business/ ser-

Everyone of the boys knows what he has to doeveryone pronoun he, verb knows. pronoun agreement.

Ééπ\úø èπ◊ Åçü¿’-éπE

èπÿú≈

ÉC

The boy knows what he is expected to do, and what he is capable of doing. boy consistent (uniform he pronoun pronoun consistency.

Ééπ\úø í¬) ÅØË

•ü¿’©’, ¢√úøôç

Give milk to the child after it boils. it boils milk child noun, it. after it boils

Ééπ\úø after ÅE éπü∆ ÖçC, èπÿ, èπÿ pro鬕öÀd Ééπ\úø Åçõ‰ §ƒ©’ ´’J-T† ûª®√yûª ÅE é¬èπ◊çú≈ Gúøf ´’J-T† ûª®√yûª ÅØË Å®Ωnç ´Ææ’hçC éπü∆, it, child èπ◊ ü¿í∫_-®Ωí¬ Öçúøôç ´©x, É™«çöÀ N°æ-K-û√®Ωnç, pronoun ambiguity (ÆæçüË£æ«ç) ´©x ´Ææ’hçC. É™«çöÀN °ü¿lí¬ °æöÀdç--éÓ-éπçúÕ.Correct ÅE ûÓ*çC ´÷ö«x-úøçúÕ. G. Madhusudan Suryapet Q.

-Ççí∫x-¶µ«-≠æ-ù 499

¢√JÍé Å®Ωnç é¬éπ-§ÚûË ´’†-¢Á’çûªöÀ ¢√∞¡xç ņ-ú≈-EéÀ English ™ "When

they

could

not

Q. Knowledge and Wisdom A. Knowledge-

Nñ«c†ç/ äéπ subject îªü¿-´-úøç-´©x, °æ¤Ææh-鬩, °æJ-¨-üµ¿-†-©-´©x ûÁ©’-Ææ’-èπ◊ØË N≠æߪ’ç. Wisdom- ñ«c†ç– @Nû√†’¶µº-¢√© ´©x, Ç™-© ´©x ´’†ç §ÒçüËC.

Q. Location and situation A. Location=

v°æü˨¡ç= situation. Å®·ûË situation èπ◊ ÉçéÓ Å®Ωnç, °æJ-ÆœnA. I don't want to face such a situation again= Å™«çöÀ °æJ-Æ œnA ´’Sx áü¿’-®Ó\¢√-©E ™‰ü¿’ Ø√èπ◊.

Q. Wishes and Congratulations A. Wishes=

éÓJ-éπ©’/ Çé¬ç-éπ~©’. äéπ-JéÀ (´’ç*) àü¿®·Ø√ ï®Ω-í¬-©ØË Çé¬ç-éπ~(©’) Congratulations= á´-È®jØ√ àüÁjØ√ ≤ƒCµÊÆh ´’†ç ûÁLÊ° ÅGµ-†ç-ü¿-†©’. á´-È®jØ√ àüÁjØ√ ´’ç*/ íÌ°æp °æE v§ƒ®Ωç-Gµç-îË-ô°æ¤púø’ ´’†ç wishes/ best wishes îÁ§ƒhç. ¢√∞«x°æE Nï-ߪ’-´ç-ûªçí¬ °æ‹Jh-îË-Æœ†-°æ¤púø’ congratulations îÁ§ƒhç.

Who did you lear n it fr om?

™‰´úøç/ Evü¿-™‰´úøç/ E©-•-úøôç = Arise - Ææ´’-Ææu-™«xç-öÀN ûª™„-ûªhúøç Arise from - üËE-´-©x-®·Ø√ éπ©-í∫úøç (Ææ´’-Ææu-™«xçöÀN). Å®·ûË Arise = rise. Rise èπ◊ Ö†o Å®√n©’ DEéà ÖØ√o®·, é¬F Ç Å®√n-©ûÓ arise §ƒçúÕûªuç. Q. round-around A. Round - í∫’çvúøöÀ/ ô÷d. Around = ô÷d. Q. right-aright A. Right = ÆæÈ®j†. Aright = ÆæJí¬. Q. flight-aeroplane A. Flight = °æéÀ~/ N´÷†ç áí∫-®Ωúøç; N´÷† v°æߪ÷ùç Q. wait-await

®√vûªçû√ ¢Ë’™Ô\E Öçúøôç. î√™« ¶«í∫’†o. Ñ ´÷ô English ™ ™‰ü¿’. Turban ûª©-§ƒí¬,

2

Q. Time table Schedule

and

vice, etc), your siblings (ûÓ•’-ô’dunderstand that after all A. Time table= à Ææ´’-ߪ÷-EéÀ àC ï®Ω-í¬™ ûÁLÊ° ´¤©’), your education (school and °æöÀdéπ= Schedule. what we are" Åçõ‰ ÆæJ-§Úcollege), present occupation, É™« schedule èπ◊ ¢ËÍ® Å®√n©’: 1) Ç¢Á÷ü¿ç §ÒçC† à ûª’çü∆? îÁ§ƒpL. ´’†èπ◊ ´÷´‚-©’í¬ äéπ v°æ ù «R È é j Ø √. A. When even they can't/ when they minute Æ洒ߪ’ç É≤ƒh®Ω’. äéÓ\-≤ƒJ 2) äéπ ÖüËl-¨¡çûÓ ûªßª÷-®Ω’-îË-Æœ† ÅCµ-é¬-Jéπ ñ«G-û√©’. themselves can't understand it, áèπ◊\´ Æ洒ߪ’ç èπÿú≈ É≤ƒh®Ω’. what about us?/ how can we Å°æ¤púø’, O’ interests, hobbies Jhansi, Mangalagiri after all? M.SURESAN ™«çöÀN îÁ§Òpa. Q. -E-†o é¬xÆæ’-™  -áç-ûª-´®Ωèπ◊ -îÁ°æ¤pèπ◊-Ø√oç? Q. A, An, The ÉN articles éπü∆. OöÀE demon- Ravuri Sridevi, Jammulapalem A. What did we learn yesterday? strative adjectives Åçö«-È®ç-ü¿’èπ◊? éÌEo Öü∆-£æ«Q. °æ¤Ææ-hé¬-©’ -îË-ûÓh °æ-ô’dèπ◊-E -îª-ü¿-´ç-úÕ. Q. Barrage and Reservoir ®Ω-ù-©ûÓ ûÁ©-°æçúÕ. A. Barrage (Pron: British •®√ñ¸– ñ¸, measure A. Hold your books in your hands and read A. °∂晫-Ø√C ÅE ûÁLÊ° (demonstrate îËÊÆ) adjec™ su ™«/ American- ¶«Jñ¸) Åçõ‰ F∞¡Ÿx §ÒJx§Ú- them. tives ™« Öçö«®· 鬕öÀd– a/ an- äéπ/ àüÁjØ√/ Ç. èπ◊çú≈, ´®Ω-ü¿-F∞¡Ÿx v°æ´÷ü¿ç éπL-Tç-îª-èπ◊çú≈, Ç°œ Q. -Åç-ü¿®Ω÷ £æ«Ùç-´®Ω’\ -îË-¨»®√?- Q. Who, that, which © Ö°æ-ßÁ÷í∫ç Öü∆-£æ«-®Ω-ù-©ûÓ ÖçîËç-ü¿’èπ◊ éπõ‰d •©-¢Á’i† íÓúø. A. Have all of you done the home work? N´-Jç-îªçúÕ. Reservoir- F∞¡x†’ E©y-îËÊÆ Ææ£æ«-ïçí¬ à®Ωp-úÕ†/ Q. -Åç-ü¿®Ω÷ -™‰-* ®√-´-ü¿’l. -äéπ-J -ûª®√y-ûª -äéπ®Ω’ A. Who = á´®Ω’? Who is he? (Çߪ’-ØÁ-´®Ω’?) who ´÷†´ EJt-ûª-¢Á’i† -¨¡ßª’ç. ®Ωç-úÕ. has done this? (ÉC îËÆ œç-üÁ-´®Ω’?) who = Q. G.O. and Proceeding A. Don't all of you come to me at the same time. whom = á´JE/ á´-JéÀ etc. A. G.O.- Government Order- v°æ¶µº’ûªy îªö«dEo Å´’Come one by one. Who did you learn it from? = †’´yC á´J ©’î Ë Ê Æ Nüµ ∆ Ø √Eo ûÁ L Ê° v°æ ¶ µ º ’ ûª y Çñ«c ° æ v ûª ç . G.O. Q.- Åç-ü¿®Ω÷ -°-ü¿lí¬ -îª-ü¿-´ç-úÕ. ü¿í∫_®Ω ØË®Ω’a-èπ◊-Ø√o´¤? Núø’-ü¿© é¬EüË îªö«d-EéÀ 鬮Ωu-®Ω÷°æç Öçúøü¿’. A. All of you read aloud. Who did you defeat? = †’¢Óy-úÕç*çC á´JE? Proceeding: v°æ¶µº’-ûªyç-™ E NNüµ¿ ¨»ë«-Cµ-°æ-ûª’©’ Q. ´·ç-ü¿’í¬ £æ«Ùç -´®Ω’\ -îª÷≤ƒh. -ûª®√y-ûª é¬xÆˇ Who did they give it to? = ü∆Eo ¢√∞¡Ÿx á´-J-éÀ(Heads of Departments) ûª´’ ¨»ê™x G.O. îÁ-•’-û√-†’. î√a®Ω’? Å´’-©’-îË-ÊÆç-ü¿’èπ◊ ñ«K-îËÊÆ °ævûªç. A. I'll first check your home work and then teach That = Ç. Q. Certificate and Diploma the lesson. Give me that book (Ø√é¬ °æ¤Ææhéπç É´¤y) A. Certificate- 1) äéπ-JéÀ Ö†o Å®Ω|-ûª-©†’ ûÁLÊ° That- Relative pronoun. °ævûªç. Vicky, Karimnagar This is the book that I gave him yesterday= Certificate Course= àü¿-®·Ø√ subject ™ Péπ~ù Q. India win by 5 wickets. v°æûªuéπ~ v°æ≤ƒ-®Ωç™ öÃO™ ؈-ûª-úÕ-éÀ-*a† °æ¤Ææhéπç ÉüË. §ÒçC/ °æKéπ~ ®√Æœ Ç subject ™ Å®Ω|ûª ûÁa-èπ◊- ÉçúÕߪ÷ Èí©-´-í¬ØË Ñ õ„jöÀ™¸ ¢Ë≤ƒh®Ω’. Win •ü¿’©’ Which E 'à—? ÅØË Å®ΩnçûÓ question ÅúÕ-Ííç-ü¿’èπ◊ ØËç-ü¿’èπ◊ course. won ®√¢√L éπü∆. ¢√úøû√ç. Diploma: 1) Degree Certificate ™«çöÀ Nü∆u-®Ω|A. Éçûªèπ◊ ´·çü¿’ î√™«-≤ƒ®Ω’x îÁ§ƒpç. News Paper ûª†’ ûÁLÊ° °ævûªç. Which book is yours? (à °æ¤Ææhéπç FC?) Headings/ TV Headings ™, ïJ-T-§Ú-®·† 2) äéπ EKg-ûª-é¬-©ç™ àü¿-®·Ø√ subject ™ §ÒçüË Which E that ™« relative pronoun í¬ ¢√úøû√ç. N≠æ-ߪ÷-©-ÈéjØ√ Present Simple ¢√úøû√-®ΩE. Péπ~ù- Diploma course ÅE èπÿú≈ Åçö«®Ω’. This is the book which gives you the inforQ. Kurnool, Cuddalore, Allahabad -™«ç-öÀ Ê°®Ωx-™  mation you want = O’é¬\-¢√-Lq† Ææ´÷-î √®Ωç ÉîËa Q. Receipt and counterfoil Å-†-´Ææ®Ω -Åéπ~®√-©’ -áç-ü¿’èπ◊? Kurnool, Kadapa°æ¤Ææhéπç ÉüË. A. Receipt= ®ΩQü¿’, Counterfoil= †éπ©’ Å-E -áç-ü¿’èπ◊ ®√Ææ’éÓ-™‰ç? Q. Pronoun agreement, pronoun consistency, Q. Electronics and Electricals A. É´Fo British ¢√∞¡Ÿx ´’† Ü∞¡x Ê°®Ωxèπ◊ ¢√úÕ† É°æppronoun ambiguity Åçõ‰ àN’öÀ? Öü∆-£æ«-®Ω-ù©’ A. Electronics- Electronic °æJ-éπ-®√-©™ Nü¿’uû˝ √ ´÷JÊÆh ¶«í∫’ç-ô’çC. É°æ¤púø’ Cuddapah ûÁ©-°æçúÕ. v°æ¢√-£æ…Eo Åüµ¿u-ߪ’-†ç-îËÊÆ ¨»ÆæYç (Electron èπ◊ öÀ†’-ÈéjØKadapa ÅØË Spell îËÆæ’hØ√oç éπü∆. Ææç•ç-Cµç-*†) A. É´Fo Technical terms- grammar †’ v°æûËu-éπçí¬ Q. Get together party -Å®Ωnç -à-N’-öÀ? îªC-¢Ë-ô-°æ¤púø’ ´îËaN. É¢Ëç ûÁL-ߪ’-èπ◊ç-ú≈ØË correct Electricals- Ñ ´÷ô áèπ◊\-´í¬ Shops boards í¬ English ´÷ö«x-úøôç ≤ƒüµ¿u¢Ë’. Å®·Ø√ éÀçü¿ N´O’ü¿ éπE-°œ-Ææ’hçC. ´÷´‚©’ ¶µ«≠æ™ electrical A. †©’-í∫’®Ω÷ éπLÆœ ûËFöÀ Nçü¿’/ dinner îËÆæ’-éÓ-´úøç. J-Ææ’hØ√oç. ÉN ûÁL-ߪ’-èπ◊ç-ú≈ØË English îªéπ\í¬ ÅØË Åçö«ç– Å®Ωnç– Nü¿’uûª’hèπ◊ Ææç•ç-Cµç-*†/ Nü¿’u-îªa ¥éÀhûÓ °æE-îËÊÆ. ´÷ö«x-úÌa/ ®√ßÁ·îª’a.

Spoken English -§ƒ-ûª -¢√u≤ƒ-©éÓÆæç -éÀxé˙ -îË-ߪ’ç-úÕ.. URL: http://www.eenadu.net/spoken/spoken.htm

í∫’®Ω’-¢√®Ωç 25 -ÂÆ-°dç-•®Ω’ 2008

Ñ-Ø√-úø’ £j«-ü¿®√-¶«-ü˛

500th Lesson on Spoken English Dear Readers, Here is our 500th lesson on Spoken English. Starting on June 12, 2005, this course in Spoken English has had an uninterrupted run so far. A page on Spoken English, three to four times a week, along with a page on Vocabulary/ Grammar Made Easy, running for a period of three years and a quarter and still going on is perhaps a record. And we must thank you, the readers for your whole-hearted and enthusiastic support. Our plan for the lessons: Each lesson is a continuation of the previous lesson. At the same time, even the new reader is sure to find in it some thing very useful for improving his/ her Spoken English skills. Your numerous letters with your questions on and doubts about Spoken English encourage

us to be of even greater help to you. To make our lessons more effective and useful we are planning innovations. We are going to start shortly lessons on advanced English speech skills. We assure you, however, the lessons will be in the same simple and easily understandable style of the earlier lessons. We are confident that you will certainly respond to them and learn them with the same enthusiasm as now or even with more enthusiasm. This course is for you; therefore we welcome your suggestions for its greater usefulness. We look forward to your and our well-wishers' continued support, and assure you of our best services. - M.Suresan

2

1) All that we could scrape together was about Rs. 3000 2) That's no where near our need 3) ... people playup anything not local 4) I wish they could keep it down 5) That will serve the purpose 6) Mom's (Mom has) set the table 7) We have to help ourselves 8) I don't want you to ask me to help myself more than I can eat. 9) You are now twenty going on to 21 10) our friend's exhibit has won an award at the ongoing science fair. 1) Scrape together =

ÅA éπ≠dçæ ûÓ àü¿-®·Ø√

[email protected]

§Úí∫’îË-ߪ’-í∫-©-í∫úøç. 1) They could scrape together just three or four books by the poet = ÅA éπ≠dç æ -O’ü¿ ¢√∞¡Ÿx Advaith: How much have you been able to col- Vedanth: We can do nothing. We've to bear it; Ç éπ N ®√Æœ † È ® çúø ’ , ´‚úø ’ °æ ¤ Æ æ h é ¬©’ ´÷vûª¢Ë’ that's all. It's the festive season. lect for the party we've thought of havÊÆéπ J çî ª í ∫ L í ¬®Ω ’ . ing? (ü∆EE ´’†ç àç îËߪ’™‰ç, ¶µºJç-î√-LqçüË. 2) Can we scrape together a team for the ÉC °æçúøí∫ Æ洒ߪ’ç (´’†ç ņ’-èπ◊†o party éÀ áçûª´’ô’èπ◊ match on Thursday? = í∫’®Ω’éπü∆.) §Úí∫’-îË-ߪ’-í∫-L-í¬´¤?) ¢√®Ωç match èπ◊ ´’†ç ã ïô’dèπ◊ Vedanth: Not much, I'm afraid. All that we could Advaith: OK. Mom has set the Çô-í¬-∞¡x†’ §Úí∫’îË-ߪ’-í∫-©´÷? table. Let's eat. I'm -Ççí∫x-¶µ«-≠æ-ù 500 scrape together was about Rs. 3000, and that's nowhere near our need.

Home Minister Bv´-¢√-ü¿’© ´©x v°æ´÷-ü∆Eo í∫’Jç* ûªèπ◊\´ îËÆœ ´÷ö«x-ú≈úø’. (Åçûª v°æ´÷-ü¿-¢Ë’O’ ™‰ü¿-Ø√oúø’) 4) Keep (something) down = ¨¡•lç, íÌúø-´-™«çöÀ ü∆EE ûªT_ç-îªúøç. a) Could you please keep your voice down? =

é¬Ææh íÌçûª’ ûªT_ç* ´÷ö«x-úø®√? b) Keep the volume of the TV down. Don't you see I'm studying for an exam? = TV

íÌúø´ ûªT_ç. ؈’ °æK-éπ~èπ◊ îªü¿’-´¤-ûª’-Ø√o-†E éπE-°œç-îª-úøç-™‰ü∆? Keep (somebody) down = ÅùÀ-*-°-ôdúøç ÅØË Å®Ωnç èπÿú≈ ÖçC. For centuries the Hindu society has kept the Dalits down =

¨¡û√-¶«l-©’í¬ £œ«çü¿÷ Ææ´÷ïç ü¿R-ûª’©†’ ÅùÀ*°-öÀdçC. 5) Serve the purpose = äéπ °æEéÀ àüÁjØ√ ÆæJ-§Ú´úøç/ °æE-éÀ-®√-´úøç.

That will ser ve the purpose

(ÅçûËO’ ™‰ü¿’. áçûÓ éπ≠ædçûÓ ´’†ç §Úí∫’îËߪ’-í∫-L-TçC ®Ω÷§ƒ-ߪ’™‰.) I'm afraid = (Ééπ\úø) I am sorry

´‚úø’-¢Ë©

hungry. No one to serve us, as mom's gone out. We have to help ourselves.

3) He scraped together the money for his children's education by selling off his old house =

ûª† °œ©x© îª ü ¿ ’ ´¤ éÓÆæ ç ûª † §ƒûª É©’x Ţ˒tÆœ Advaith: That's quite disappointing. Our estiàüÓ éÌçûª úø • ’s ÊÆéπ J çî ª í ∫ L í ¬úø ’. mates are around Rs. 9000. A large scrape= Í ® èπ ◊ ™ «çöÀ ¢√öÀ û Ó üË † o®·Ø√ chunk of the amount goes to the UéÀ ¨¡ Ÿ v¶µ º ° æ ® Ω î ª ú ø ç / äéπ ü ∆E éÀ Åçô’èπ◊-†o singer and his band. M.SURESAN Vedanth: I'll eat but I don't want you ü ∆E E UÍ é ߪ ’ úø ç . (î√™« E®√-¨»-éπ-®Ωçí¬ ÖçC. ´’† Åçîª-Ø√©’ to ask me to help myself to more than Scraping the floor of paint marks= ØË©-O’C ü∆ü∆°æ¤ 9000 ®Ω÷§ƒ-ߪ’©’. ü∆ØÓx I can eat. That's the trouble in eating paint ´’®Ω-éπ-©†’ Uéπúøç. áèπ◊\´¶µ«í∫ç í¬ßª’-èπ◊-úÕéÀ, ÅûªúÕ band èπÿ with you. É¢√yLq Öçô’çC.) (¶µçîË-≤ƒh†’, é¬F ؈’ A†-í∫-L-T-†-ü∆-E-éπçõ‰ Scape through/ Scrape = ÅA éπ≠dçæ -O’ü¿ ØÁí∫_úøç, Chunk = ¶µ«í∫ç, band = ¢√ü¿u •%çü¿ç áèπ◊\´ ´úÕfç--éÓ-´’E ††’o •©-´ç-ûª pass 鬴úøç. a) If he can scrape through the exam his -°-öÔdü¿’. FûÓ ÅüË Ø√èπ◊ ¶«üµ¿.) Vedanth: Why should we have an out of town (Å´’t ¶µï-Ø√EéÀ Åçû√ Æœü¿l¥ç îËÆœçC. Ø√é¬-éπ-™‰-≤ÚhçC. ´’†èπ◊ ´úÕfç-îËç-ü¿’-Èé-´®Ω÷ ™‰®Ω’. ´’†èπ◊ ´’†ç ´úÕfç--éÓ-¢√-LqçüË.)

band? I think we can make do with a local band. That will serve the purpose, I think.

Advaith: OK. I leave it to you. I'm aware you are now 20 going on to 21, and you know what suits you best.

(•ßª’-öÀ-†’ç* ´îËa band áçü¿’èπ◊ ´’†èπ◊? ≤ƒnEéπ band ûÓ Ææ®Ω’l-èπ◊-§Ú-´îª’a ņ’èπ◊çö«. ü∆çûÓ ´’†èπ◊ °æE ïJ-T-§Ú-ûª’çC)

(ÆæÍ®™‰. Åü¿çû√ FÍé ´C-™‰-Ææ’hØ√o. FéÀ-°æ¤púø’ 20 à∞¡Ÿx °æ‹®Ωh®·u 21™ Åúø’-í∫’-°-úø’-ûª’-Ø√o´¤. FÍéC ´’ç*üÓ Fèπ◊ ûÁ©’-ÆæE Ø√èπ◊ ûÁ©’Ææ’.)

Advaith: Yea. That appears to be the best in the circumstances. We are unable to rake up the money for anything better.

Vedanth: A piece of interesting news for you. Our friend Visisht's exhibit in the on going science fair has won an award.

(Å´¤†’. Ñ °æJ-Æœn-ûª’™x ÅüË Öûªh´’ç ÅE-°œ≤ÚhçC. Åçûª-éπçõ‰ Éçéπ üËEéà ´’†ç úø•’s §Úí∫’-îË-ߪ’-™‰-èπ◊çú≈ ÖØ√oç.) Vedanth: I think people play up anything not local. Some of our local bands and singers are even better than those from outside.

(•ßª’-öÀ†’ç* ´îËa üËE-í∫’-Jç-îª-®·Ø√ ï†ç íÌ°æpí¬ îÁ°æ¤p-éÌç-ö«®Ω’. ´’† Ü∞x Ö†o í¬ßª’-F-í¬-ߪ’-èπ◊©’, band •ßª’-öÀ†’ç* ´îËa ¢√∞¡x-éπçõ‰ ¢Á’®Ω’í∫’.) Advaith: The mike blasing from outside is really deafening. I wish they could keep it down.

(Ŷ«s! •ßª’ô mike £æ«Ù®Ω’ îÁ´¤úø’ éπL-Tç-îËô’dçC. ûªT_ÊÆh ¶«í∫’çúø’.)

father will be happy/ If he can scrape a pass in the exam, his father will be happy pass marks marks pass

´’†èπ◊ í¬xÆæ’ äéπöÀ 鬢√L, é¬F Ñ mug ÆæJ-§Ú-ûª’ç-C™‰.

b) We need a car. A bike may not serve the purpose =

´’†èπ◊

car

Å´-Ææ®Ωç.

Bike

Å´-Ææ-®√-EéÀ ÆæJ-§Úü¿’. ¶µï†ç ´úÕfçîËçü¿’èπ◊ ÅFo Æœü¿l¥ç îËߪ’úøç. DE ûª®√yûª serving (´úÕfç-îªôç) ï®Ω’-í∫’-ûª’çC.

6) Set the table/ lay the table =

a) My sister has set the table. Mom will serve the lunch =

´÷ îÁLx/ Åéπ\ ¶µï-Ø√-E-éπFo Æœü¿l¥ç îËÆœçC. ´÷ Å´’t ´úÕf-Ææ’hçC.

b) The table is set and mom's going to serve ready the dinner = plates, spoons ready

¶µï-Ø√-E-éπçû√ í¬ ÖçC (éπçî√©’, Åçû√ îËߪ’úøç.) Å´’t ´úÕfç-îª-¶-ûÓçC. 7), 8) Help oneself = (¶µï-†ç™) àüÁjØ√ ´úÕfç--éÓ´úøç ûª´’èπ◊ û√´·.

= Åûªúø’ (ÅA éπ≠dçæ ûÓ) Å®·ûË î√©’ (éπFÆæ ûÓ) ¢√∞¡x Ø√†o ÆæçûÓ-≠œ-≤ƒhúø’/ éπFÆæ ûÓ Å®·ûË î√©’, ¢√∞¡x Ø√†o ÆæçûÓ≠œ-≤ƒhúø’.

a) If you want a little more sugar in the coffee, help yourself. The sugar bowl is on the table =

b) The Manmohansingh Govt scraped a victovotes ry by just a few votes =

b) As he was hungry, he helped himself to some more rice =

Íé´©ç éÌEo ûËú≈ûÓ ´’ØÓt-£æ«-Ø˛-Æœçí˚ v°æ¶µº’ûªyç ØÁí∫_í∫-L-TçC. (FéÓ ÇÆæ-éÀh-éπ-®Ω-¢Á’i† ¢√®Ωh. É°æ¤púø’ ï®Ω’-í∫’-ûª’†o 3) Play up = äéπ N≠æ-ߪ÷-EéÀ ™‰E-v§ƒ-´·êuç É´yúøç. a) He plays up his Telugu medium backscience fair ™ ´’† friend NP≠ˇd v°æü¿-Jzçground to justify his poor English = ûª† *† ´Ææ’h´¤èπ◊ •£æ›-´’A ´*açC.) English Åçûª ¶«í∫’çúøéπ-§Ú-´-ú≈-EéÀ 鬮Ω-ùçí¬ ûª† Exhibit = Exhibition ™ v°æü¿-JzçîË ´Ææ’h´¤. ûÁ©’í∫’ O’úÕߪ’ç í∫’Jç* ÅAí¬ îÁ•’-ûª’ç-ö«úø’. Advaith: Really? Very great indeed. He should b) He plays up his injury to dodge work = °æE give us a party then. áíÌ_õ‰dç-ü¿’èπ◊ 鬮Ω-ùçí¬ ûª† í¬ßª÷Eo ´’K áèπ◊\´ Vedanth: We'll ask him tomorrow. îª÷°æ¤-û√úø’. (í¬ßª÷Eo ≤ƒèπ◊í¬ îª÷°æ¤-û√úø’) (Í®°æ¤ Åúø’í∫’ü∆ç) DEéÀ ´uA-Í®éπç, play down. äéπ-ü∆E v§ƒ´·êuç ûªT_ç* îª÷°æúøç. Daily real life situations ™ ´’†ç ¢√úË î√™« Å®Ωn´ç-ûª-¢Á’i†, Ö°æ-ßÁ÷-í∫-éπ-®Ω-¢Á’i† phrasal verbs ´’J-éÌEo a) Every party plays down the achievements of the opposition party = Ñ lesson ™ ûÁ©’-Ææ’-èπ◊çü∆ç. ÉN ´’†ç ´÷ö«xúËô°æ¤púø’ ûªúø’-´·-éÓ-èπ◊çú≈ ¢√úø-í∫-L-TûË ´’† conv°æA party, v°æA-°æ-é¬~ ©’ ≤ƒCµç-*-†-¢√-öÀE ûªèπ◊\´ versation î√™« impressive í¬ Öçô’çC. îËÆœ ´÷ö«x-úø’-ûª’çC. Now look at the following sentences from the dialogue above.

a) We need a glass, but let's use this mug. It'll serve the purpose =

b) The home minister played down the threat of the terrorists =

F coffee ™ Éçé¬ °æçîª-ü∆®Ω 鬢√-©çõ‰ ¢ËÆæ’éÓ. °æçîª-ü∆®Ω §ƒvûª table O’üË ÖçC. Çéπ-Lí¬ Öçúø-ôçûÓ Åûªúø’ ´’J-éÌçîÁç ņoç ´úÕfç--èπ◊-Ø√oúø’. 9) going on = (´ßª’Ææ’ N≠æߪ’ç) äéπ Ææç´-ûªq-®Ωç™ Åúø’-T-úø-¶-´úøç. a) She is now 16, going on 17 =

ûª†-éÀ-°æ¤púø’ 16 EçúÕ, 17 ®√¶-ûÓçC. b) You are now going on 18, and you will have the voting right =

FéÀ-°æ¤púø’ 18 ®√¶-ûÓçC, ü∆çûÓ¶«ô’ ´Ææ’hçC. 10) on going = v°æÆæ’hûªç ï®Ω’-í∫’-ûª’†o.

vote

£æ«èπ◊\

a) Who will win the on going match? =

É°æ¤púø’ ï®Ω’-í∫’-ûª’†o

match

á´®Ω’ Èí©’-≤ƒh®Ω’?

b) The on going debate on reservations will continuous for some time =

v°æÆæ’hûªç reservations O’ü¿ ï®Ω’-í∫’-ûª’†o Ωa ´’J-éÌç-ûª-鬩ç é̆-≤ƒ-í∫’-ûª’çC.

Spoken English -§ƒ-ûª -¢√u≤ƒ-©éÓÆæç -éÀxé˙ -îË-ߪ’ç-úÕ.. URL: http://www.eenadu.net/spoken/spoken.htm

-Ç-C-¢√®Ωç 28 -ÂÆ-°dç-•®Ω’ 2008

Ñ-Ø√-úø’ £j«-ü¿®√-¶«-ü˛

Gokul: Hi Kailas, how are you?

c) Same here. Thank you.

í∫çûËÊÆ ¢√úÕE. Ø√èπ◊ ÅA É≠æd-¢Á’i† ¢√u°æéπç – ¢√u§ƒ®Ωç.)

(ᙫ ÖØ√o´¤?) Kailas: Fine. Thank you. How are you?

(¶«í¬ØË ÖØ√o†’. †’¢Áy™« ÖØ√o´¤?) Gokul: Fine too. Thank you. Long time, no see. What's the matter?

(¶«í¬ØË ÖØ√o. Thank you. éπLÆœ î√™« 鬩-¢Á’içC. àçöÀ N≠æߪ’ç?) Kailas: (I had) been out of town for quite some time. My uncle wanted my help in some matter.

(éÌEo ®ÓV-©’í¬ ÜJ-™-™‰†’. ´÷ ´÷´’ߪ’uÍéüÓ ≤ƒßª’ç 鬢√-Lq-´ÊÆh ¢Á∞«x). Gokul: Isn't he a businessman?

(Çߪ’† ¢√u§ƒJ éπü∆?) Kailas: Yes. He is. In fact I went there to be of help to him in his business.

(Å´¤†’. ÅÆæ©’ ؈’ ¢ÁRxçC Çߪ’† ¢√u§ƒ®Ωç™ ≤ƒßª’-°æ-úËç-ü¿’Íé.) Gokul: Isn't his ice cream business?

(Çߪ’-†C âÆˇvéÃç ¢√u§ƒ®Ωç éπü∆?) Kailas: Yes, it is. He was short of hands to manage the sales which had gone up by more than 50%. The sales had been helped along by the hot weather early this summer.

(Å´¤†’, ÅüË. 50 ¨»û√E éπçõ‰ áèπ◊\´ °JT† Å´’t-é¬-©†’ îª÷ÊÆç-ü¿’èπ◊ î√L-†çûª ´’çC ™‰éπ-§Ú-ߪ÷®Ω’. Ñ ¢ËÆæN ¢Á·ü¿öxE áçúø Å´’t-鬩’ °®Ω-í∫-ú≈-EéÀ ¶«í¬ ûÓúøp-úÕçC.)

(°æ©-éπ-Jç°æ¤) greetingèπ◊ ¢√úË Éûª®Ω expressions.

Kailas: Distance lends charm to the eye. Business isn't the cat walk that you imagine is to be.

(ü¿÷®Ω°æ¤ éÌçúø©’ †’†’°æ¤. †’´y-ØËçûª Ææ’©’´¤ é¬ü¿’.)

Business

2

a) How are you getting on?

ÅØËC

b) How goes the word with you?

Gokul: Depends on how you look at is.

c) How is it with you?

(†’´¤y ü∆EE í∫’Jç* îª÷ÊÆ B®Ω’†’ •öÀd Öçô’çC.)

d) How is everybody? (

Kailas: OK. Let's agree to disagree.

vèπÿú˛ ™‰ü¿’. èπ◊ô’ç-•ç™ Åçü¿-JF èπ◊¨¡©ç

ÅúÕ-Ííç-ü¿’èπ◊) î√™« 鬩ç ûª®Ω’-¢√ûª éπ©’-Ææ’-èπ◊çõ‰...

c) Sorry, We can't finish the job by the week end. We are short of hands =

Ñ ¢√®√ç-û√-EéÀ ¢Ë’ç °æE °æ‹Jh îËߪ’™‰ç. ´’†’-≠æfl©’ / Æœ•sçC éÌ®Ωûª ÖçC / î√L-†çûª Æœ•sçC ™‰®Ω’.

(ÆæÍ®x. Fèπÿ Ø√èπ◊ èπ◊ü¿-®Ωü¿’) î√™«-é¬-©-¢Á’içC éπü∆ ´’†ç °æ©-éπ-Jç°æ¤ a) Long since we met; how are you? ´÷ô©’(Greeting)ûÁ©’-Ææ’-èπ◊E. äéπ-≤ƒJ °æ¤†-®√-´%ûªç b) Ages since we met; What's the matter? îËÆæ’-èπ◊çü∆ç. ÅçûË-é¬-èπ◊çú≈ ´’†ç Eûªuç ¢√úË ´’J-éÌEo (´’†ç éπ©’-Ææ’-èπ◊E ߪ·í¬-™„jçC. àçöÀ N≠æߪ’ç?) expressions èπÿú≈ ûÁ©’-Ææ’-èπ◊çü∆ç. Age = ߪ·í∫ç (-Ééπ\úÕ Å®Ωnç)

d) We need at least two more hands in the department =

´÷ ¨»êèπ◊ Åü¿-†çí¬ éπFÆæç ´’®Ó

Éü¿l®Ω’ Å´-Ææ®Ωç.

Look at the following expressions from the dialogue above:

c) Long time, no see.

3) Help along = àüÁjØ√ Ææ’©’´¤í¬ ûªyJ-ûªçí¬ ïJ-Ííôô’x îËߪ’úøç / ¢Ë’©’-éπ-©-í∫úøç / Üûª-N’-´yúøç.

1) a) How are you?

(î√™«-é¬-©-¢Á’içC îª÷Æœ.) î√™«-鬩ç ûª®Ω’-¢√ûª éπ©’-Ææ’èπ◊E, Å™« éπ©’-Ææ’-éÓ-´úøç î√™« Ũ¡a-®Ωu-éπ-®Ω-¢Á’iûË,

b) Longtime, no see

a) Availability of Scientists is helping along our space programmes =

a) Hi, who do I see here, Naveen?

2) He was short of hands. 3) The sales had been helped along by the hot weather... 4) Business isn't my cup of tea.

(àçöÀ †OØËØ√, Å•s, áçûª 鬩-¢Á’içüÓ E†’o îª÷Æœ)

´÷ ¨»êèπ◊ Åü¿-†çí¬ ¨»ÆæY-Vc©’ Öçúøôç ´©x Åçûª-Jéπ~ 鬮Ωu-véπ-´÷©’ ®Ω’í¬_ ≤ƒí∫’-ûª’-Ø√o®·.

b) Oh, Naveen, is it you? What do I owe this pleasure to?

b) Government's lineancy is helping along the belt shops =

(†OØ˛, †’¢ËyØ√? áçûª-é¬-™«-EéÀ? àç Åü¿%≠ædç?)

5) If I were you, I would jump at the opportunity. 6) It's a career after my heart.

-Ççí∫x-¶µ«-≠æ-ù 501

c) Oh, what a privilage to see you, though after a long time.

v°æ¶µº’ûªy Öü∆-Æ‘-†ûª ¶„™¸d ≥ƒ°æ¤©èπ◊ Üûª-

N’-≤ÚhçC. 4) Not my cup of tea = Ø√èπ◊ †îªa-EC / Ø√èπ◊ ÇÆæéÀh éπL-Tç-îª-EC. É™«Íí, not his / her/ their.... á´-J-üÁjØ√ îÁ°æp-´îª’a. (Tôd-EC).a) Maths is not his cup of tea = í∫ùÀ-ûªç™ Åûª-úÕéÀ ÇÆæéÀh ™‰ü¿’/ Åûª-úÕéÀ É≠æd-¢Á’içC é¬ü¿’. b) Social service is not the Politician's cup of tea =

It's a job after my hear t

Gokul: Why don't you join him? Isn't he pre poned to take you as a partner?

1) a) How are you? =

heart.

a) Fine. Thank you. How are you?

b) India is short of crude oil reserves.

(ØËØË †’¢Áj y-ûËØ√, Å™«çöÀ Å´-鬨¡ç ´ÊÆh áTJ

b) (I'm) fine too. Thank you.

¶µ«®Ω-û˝™ vèπÿú˛ Ç®·™¸ E©y© éÌ®Ωûª ÖçC / î√L-†çûª

Rajia Sultana, Bollavaram Q. principle verb intransitive

äéπ ¢√éπuç™ †’ transitive í¬ í¬ ¢√ú≈®Ó ¢ÁçôØË ûÁ©’¢√ú≈®Ó A. Ææ’-éÓ-´úøç ᙫ? A. Verb èπ◊ á´-JE/ á´-JéÀ/ DEE/DEéÀ ÅE ¢√ú≈®√? Question ¢ËÆœ ü∆EéÀ answer ´ÊÆh, Ç verb transitive, ™‰èπ◊çõ‰ intransitive. Q. He trained in acting in the film institute. Ééπ\úø verb transitive í¬ Öçü∆? intransitiveí¬ S Raj, Warangal Öçü∆? Q. Ø√èπ◊ ÉçTx≠ˇ -¶«í¬ ØË®Ω’a-éÓ-¢√©E ÖçC. ü¿ßª’-îËÆ œ A. He trained in acting... Ééπ\úÕ verb, trained = ´’ç* °æ¤Ææhéπç Ê°®Ω’ îÁ°æpçúÕ. Péπ~ù §Òçü∆úø’. á´-JE/ á´-JéÀ/ DE-E/- D-EéÀ A. Living English Structure by Stannard Allen (üËE™ é¬ü¿’) Péπ~ù §Òçü∆úø’? ņo v°æ¨¡oèπ◊ îªü¿-´çúÕ. îªü¿-´ôç, ´÷ö«x-úø-ôç practice answer ™‰ü¿’ 鬕öÀd, Ñ sentence™ îËߪ’-ç-úÕ. train intransitive. Q. Foreign language ØË®Ω’a-éÓ-´-ú≈-EéÀ Ææç•ç-Cµç* Q. Reshma Sultana trains her students in gymúÕéπ{-†K ™‰ü∆ ´’ç* °æ¤Ææhéπç Ê°®Ω’ îÁ°æp-í∫-©®Ω’. nastics Ééπ\úø verb transitive í¬ ¢√ú≈®√? ™‰ü∆ A. Creford Dictionary intransitive í¬ ¢√ú≈®√? Q. ؈’ v°æA-®ÓV -Éç-Tx-≠ˇ †÷uÆˇ Ê°°æ®˝ îªü¿’-´¤-û√†’. A.He trained her in acting Ééπ\úø á´Jo train î˨»úø’? ņo v°æ¨¡oèπ◊ Ç¢Á’†’ ÅE •ü¿’©’ ´Ææ’hçC. DE-´©x v°æßÁ÷-ï†ç Öçü∆? 鬕öÀd Ñ sentence™ train transitive A. v°æßÁ÷-ï†ç ÖçC Q. Change †’ transitive, instransitive Q. Root, Route OöÀ ´’üµ¿u ûËú≈ àN’öÀ? È ® çúø ’ Nüµ ∆ © ’í¬ ¢√úÌî√a? A. Root = ¢Ë®Ω’; Route = ´÷®Ω_ç. , Ñ È®ç-úÕç-öÀ™ àC éπÈ®èπ◊d? È®çúø÷ correct. - I saw = ؈’ îª÷¨»†’/ Ø√èπ◊ éπE-°œç-*çC. I did see = ؈’ éπ*aûªçí¬ îª÷¨»†’ ÅE ØÌéÀ\ îÁ°æpúøç.

5) Jump at an opportunity/ offer =

Å´-鬨¡ç ´ÊÆh

(ÉC é¬Ææh formal) - Åçõ‰ ´’†ç Åçûªí¬ ᙫ ÖØ√o´¤? ’´¤ BÆæ’-éÓE ¢√JûÓ) ᙫ ÖØ√o®Ω’? ÉC ´’†ç-ü¿-Jéà ûÁL-Æœ† (†’´¤y Çߪ’†ûÓ éπ©-¢Ì-a-éπü∆? E†’o Åûªuçûª ≤ƒüµ∆-®Ω-ù-¢Á’i† °æ©-éπ-Jç°æ¤ OöÀ E ¶«í¬ v§ƒéà dÆˇ îËü∆lç. §ƒ®Ωd-†-®˝í¬ BÆæ’-èπ◊-ØËç-ü¿’èπ◊ Çߪ’-†èπ◊ É≠ædç (Greeting) ´÷ô éπü∆? Å®·ûË, How É°æ ¤ p úø ’ ´’†ç N’í∫û√ expressions ™‰ü∆?) are you? ÅØË-´·çü¿’ ´’†ç Hello îª ÷ ü∆l ç : Kailas: Business isn't my cup of tea. My choice (name), Hi, ÅE èπÿú≈ Åçö«ç éπü∆? 1) Short of hands - à °æE-ÈéjØ√ î√L-†çis a software job; that's why I'm doing Å®·ûË í∫’®Ω’hç--éÓ-¢√-Lq† N≠æߪ’ç àN’M.SURESAN ûª-´’çC Æœ•sçC ™‰éπ-§Ú-´úøç. MCA; Don't you understand it? ôçõ‰, ´’†-éπçõ‰ °ü¿l-¢√-∞¡x†’, ´’† °j¢√-∞¡x†’ i) Short of = éÌ®Ω -ûªí¬ Ö†o (Ø√èπ◊ business †îªaü¿’. Ø√ áç°œéπ Software °æ©-éπ-Jç-*-†-°æ¤púø’ Hi ņç. Hello, Good morning / ÖüÓuí∫ç. Åçü¿’-éπØË Øˆ’ MCA îËÆæ’h-Ø√o. Å®Ωnç Good evening / Good afternoon, Sir Åçö«ç. Ææ´’- a) We are short of cash. Would you accept a ߪ÷-Eo-•öÀd – Åçõ‰ ÉC formal. É°æ¤púø’ îª÷úøçúÕ (for- cheque? é¬ü∆?) mal) 'Hello, Good morning sir, How are you? ´÷ ü¿í∫_®Ω †í∫ü¿’ éÌ®Ω-ûªí¬ ÖçC/ î√L-†çûª †í∫ü¿’ ™‰ü¿’. Gokul: If I were you, I would jump at such an îÁèπ◊\ °æ¤îª’a-èπ◊ç-ö«®√? opportunity. That's a career after my DEéÀ ï¢√•’í¬ Å´-ûªL ¢√∞¡Ÿx ÆæpçCçîË B®Ω’:

Vicky, Karimnagar Q. I saw I did see

Ææç°∂æ’-ÊÆ´ ÅØËC ®√ï-éÃ-ߪ’¢√-ü¿’-©èπ◊ Tôd-EC.

áTJ í∫çûÁ-ߪ’uúøç. a) Who won't jump at the offer of CM's post? =

´·êu-´’ç-vûªßË’u Å´-鬨¡ç ´ÊÆh á´®Ω’ áTJ í∫çûÁߪ’u®Ω’?/ á´®Ω’ É≠æd°æ-úø®Ω’? b) The minute he was offered the post he jumped at =

ÖüÓu-í¬-´-鬨¡ç ®√í¬ØË Åûªúø’ áTJ

í∫çûË-¨»úø’. b) After one's heart =

éÓ®Ω’-èπ◊-†oC

a) It's a job after my heart =

ÅC Ø√èπ◊ †*a†

ÖüÓuí∫ç. b) I named my daughter Lakshmi because it's a name after my heart =

Ø√èπ◊ ©éÀ~ t ÅØË Ê°®Ω’ É≠ædç 鬕öÀd ´÷ Å´÷t-®·éÀ Ç Ê°®Ω’ °ö«d†’.

His acting in the movies has changed him a lot. verb transitive

forms

She seems... to have changed a lot =

The doctor told him to give up smoking. He decided to do it. past time (Yesterday) He decided correct. 'decided' independent sentence He has decided

Öü∆-£æ«-®Ω-ùèπ◊

-Å®Ωnç é¬-´-úøç -™‰-ü¿’. -ü¿-ߪ’-îËÆ œ -N-´-Jç-îªí∫-©®Ω’. A. É°æp-öÀ-´-®Ωèπ◊/ Éçé¬ ï®Ω’-í∫’-ûª’†o °æ-†’-©èπ◊ have/ ûª’çü∆? has + PP (Past Participle) ¢√-úø-û√ç. ´’®Ìéπ Öü∆-£æ«-®Ωù After six months on her job Rehana came back here from the United Time ûÁL-Æ œØ√, Å®·-§Ú-®·† ¢ËÍ® N≠æߪ’ç v°æ≤ƒh States. But she seems to have put on weight -N-Ææ’hØ√o past doing word ¢√-úø-û√ç. and have changed a lot that I hardly, recogHe has decided to do it (E¨¡a-®·ç--èπ◊-Ø√oúø’.) nised her. Ééπ\úø verb transitive ™‰ü∆ á°æ¤púø’? Time ûÁ-L-ߪ’-úøç ™‰ü¿’. E¨¡a-®·ç--éÓ-´-úøç intransitive. ïJ-TçC. A. Sultana train her student - á´Jo train He decided to do it - Ñ sentence Ö†oC îË≤ÚhçC?– ûª† students†’ – So, 'trains' is Ö†oô’dí¬ Å®·ûË ûª°æ¤p. Time expression ™‰ü¿’ transitive. 鬕öÀd. Å®·ûË Åçûª-èπ◊-´·çü¿’ ïJ-T† Ææç°∂æ’-ô† His acting ... has changed him Ææçü¿®Ωs¥ç, past™ °∂晫-Ø√ time ÅE Ééπ\úø á´Jo Åçõ‰ him ÅE ´≤ÚhçC éπü∆ ï¢√•’. ûÁL-Æœ-†-°æ¤púø’ He decided, correct. Eg: He consulted the doctor yesterday. 鬕öÀd Change Ééπ\úø transitive. Ééπ\úø

Å´¤-

Ç¢Á’ ´÷J-†-ô’dçC (Ç¢Á’ á´-JF ´÷®Ωa-™‰ü¿’) 鬕öÀd, Change Ééπ\úø intransitive. V.Kasturi, Peda Kakani Q. He has decided to do it / He decided to do it. She realised the fact/ she has realised the fact / She had realised the fact. verb

-Ñ

°∂晫--Ø√

Ééπ\úø Ææçü¿®Ωs¥ç ™ ÅE ûÁ©’-≤ÚhçC éπü∆? Å™«çô°æ¤púø’,

´÷´‚©’í¬ ™ ®√ü¿’. Å™«Íí N’í∫û√ È®çúø÷.

Spoken English -§ƒ-ûª -¢√u≤ƒ-©éÓÆæç -éÀxé˙ -îË-ߪ’ç-úÕ.. URL: http://www.eenadu.net/spoken/spoken.htm

®√¢√L.

-´’çí∫-∞¡-¢√®Ωç 30 -ÂÆ°dç-•®Ω’ 2008A. Bunganna, Munagalapadu

Ñ-Ø√-úø’ £j«-ü¿®√-¶«-ü˛ A.

Q. Please let me know the Active Voice for have you ever been bitten by a dog? A. Has a dog ever bitten you? Q. "My brother is not taller than I." I found this sentence in study material. Is it correct? A. My brother is not taller than I/ me.

Q. A.

What you found in the study material is correct.

S. Sriram, Hyderabad

ain't, I'd, There's, He's, Who's, Won't, We're, I've A. Ain't = Isn't (Is not) I'd= I had/ I would-

Ææçü¿-®√s¥Eo •öÀd

There's = There is/ There has

Ææçü¿-®√s¥Eo

•öÀd He's = He is/ He has

(ñ«ví∫ûªh), (v¨¡ü¿l¥) È®çúø÷, (Åûªuçûª) ÅØËü∆EûÓ éπLÆœ ÖØ√o®·. ņo Å®ΩnçûÓ) – Åçõ‰ ü∆ü∆°æ¤ äÍé í∫’ù«Eo ûÁ©’-°æ¤ûª’-Ø√o®· 鬕öÀd, has gone ûª°æ¤p é¬ü¿’, Å®·-ûË have gone ¢Á’®Ω’í∫’.Located, situated Ñ È®çúÕçöÀ usage †’ ûÁ©’-°æí∫-©®Ω’. Located ÅØ√o situated ÅØ√o ü∆ü∆°æ¤ äéπõ‰. '°∂晫-Ø√ îÓô, °∂晫-Ø√ °æJ-Ææ-®√™x, °∂晫-Ø√ ü¿÷®Ωç™ Ö†o— ÅØË Å®ΩnçûÓ. OöÀE ´·êuçí¬ v°æüË-¨»-©èπ◊, ¶µº´-Ø√-©èπ◊ ¢√úøû√ç. The village is located/ situated at the foot of the hills =

Q. Obama is a regular guy, ain't he? heading

ņo †÷uÆˇ Ê°°æ®˝ èπ◊ ûÁ©’-í∫’™ Å®Ωn-¢Ë’-N’öÀ? A. Obama véπ´’ç ûª°æpE (Ééπ\úø regular èπ◊ Å®Ωnç, ÅC ¢√úÕ† Ææçü¿-®√s¥Eo •öÀd ¢ËÍ® Å¢Ìya). ´’E≠œ (Guy) éπü∆? Ain't he? - ÉC ≤ƒ´÷†uçí¬ Black Americans, Isn't he? ÅE question tag èπ◊ •ü¿’©’ ¢√úø-û√®Ω’. Isn't he? = Is he not? (Å´¤†’ éπü∆?) Q. éÀçC short forms èπ◊ °æ‹Jh °æü¿ç, Å®Ωnç ûÁ©’-°æí∫-©®Ω’.

care attention utmost (Utmost care and utmost attention

Ééπ\úø

Ç ví¬´’ç Ç éÌçúø© Cí∫’-´† ÖçC. Å®·ûË situated ÅØËC Å°æ¤p-úø-°æ¤púø’ ã °æJ-Æœn-A™ Ö†o ÅØË Å®Ωnç-ûÓ†÷ ¢√úøû√ç.

2

†í∫-®Ωç™ î√™«-´’çC Ø√¨¡-†-´’-ߪ÷u®Ω’. Q. Ø√èπ◊ Grammar ¶«í¬ØË ûÁ©’Ææ’. é¬F ´÷ö«x-úË-ô-°æ¤púø’ éÌEo words

A.

search

îËߪ÷Lq ´Ææ’hçC. Å™« é¬èπ◊ç-ú≈ àç îËߪ÷L? English reading ¶«í¬ practice Öçõ‰ Ç ÆæçéÓîªç Öçúøü¿’. O™„j-†çûª English îªü¿-´çúÕ. News telecasts N†çúÕ.

But this year the figure has reached 1470, this year correct.

Ééπ\úø Åçõ‰ Ñ Ææç´-ûªq®Ωç É°æpöÀ´®Ωèπÿ ÅE. (Ñ Ææç´-ûªq®Ωç Éçé¬ Å®·-§Ú™‰ü¿’)– 鬕öÀd has crossed ÅØË Åçö«ç. Finally this year, they have managed èπÿú≈. Ñ é¬®Ωùç ´©x correct

Sainath, Kamalakuru Q. There was no explanation as to why it should breach at the exact place, time and on the same day. as to A.

Ñ ¢√é¬u-EéÀ ûÁ©’í∫’ Å®Ωnç ûÁ©’-°æ-í∫-©®Ω’.Ñ -¢√éπuç-™ Å-´Ææ®Ω-´÷? Situated in such circumstances, he is helpÆæJí¬_ ÅüË v°æüË-¨¡ç™, ÅüË Ææ´’-ߪ’ç™, ÅüË ®ÓV† less = Ç °æJ-Æ œn-ûª’™x Åûªúø’ EÆæq-£æ…-ߪ·úø’. í∫çúÕ á™« °æúÕçC ÅØË N≠æ-ߪ÷-EéÀ N´-®Ωù ™‰ü¿’/ Q. Shakespeare ®√Æœ† 'Julius Caesar' ™ The ÅØË N≠æߪ’ç N´-Jç-îª-™‰-éπ-§Ú-ûª’-Ø√o®Ω’. Å®·ûË O’Jmost unkindest cut ... ÅE äéπ ¢√éπuç Öçô’çC. *a† sentence ™ as to ņ-´-Ææ®Ωç, ûª°æ¤p èπÿú≈. N≠æߪ’ Bv´-ûª†’ •öÀd double superlatives ¢√úøAs to ™‰éπ-§ÚûËØË O’J-*a† sentence correct. éÌEo´î√a? N´-Jç-îª-í∫-©®Ω’. ≤ƒ®Ω’x éÌçûª-´’çC about èπ◊ •ü¿’©’ as to A. Double Superlative ´’†-™«ç-öÀ-¢√∞¡Ÿx ¢√úøôç ¢√úø’-ûª’ç-ö«®Ω’. ÅC ÆæJ-é¬ü¿’. éπ*aûªçí¬ ûªÊ°p. Å®·ûË O’®ΩQ. Alleged, Allegedly OöÀE †oô’x N≠æߪ’ Bv´-ûª†’ ûÁL-Ê°çᙫ °æ©é¬L? ü¿’èπ◊ most unkindest ÅE A. Å™„ñ ¸f '™„— ØÌéÀ\ °æ©’-èπ◊û√ç; -Ççí∫x-¶µ«-≠æ-ù 502 Shakespeare ™«çöÀ íÌ°æp Å™„ñ ¸fL.

Q. After a break up with Aishwarya, Salman has had many ups and downs. has past doing verb A. After the break up with Aishwarya... has had correct

ÉD Å´¤-ûª’çC. Å®Ωnç– Ç¢Á’ûÓ NúÕ-§Ú-®·† ûª®Ω’-¢√ûª †’ç-* É°æpöÀ´®Ωèπÿ ÅØË éπü∆. Åçü¿’-éπE has had (has + PP) correct.

Q. After a long time we saw her at a party. verb have seen

Ñ ¢√éπuç™

We're = We are I've = I have

M. Satyanarayana, Hyderabad Q. Emporium, Mall, Shop, Show room, Store, Merchant, Employ, Job

OöÀE áéπ\-úÁ-éπ\úø Ö°æßÁ÷-Tç-î√™ N´-Jç-îª-í∫-©®Ω’. A. Emporium - °ü¿l ü¿’é¬ùç – ´·êuçí¬ äéπ ®Ωéπ¢Á’i† ´Ææ’h´¤©†’ Ţ˒t îÓô’. Cloth Emporium ÉC old fashioned - É°æ¤púøçûªí¬ ¢√úø-ôç-™‰ü¿’. England, US™. Mall - ü¿’é¬-ù«© Ææ´·-ü∆ߪ’ç ÖçúË Â°ü¿l ¢√u§ƒ®Ω ¨»© – ´Ææ’h-´¤-©†’, ÊÆ´-©†’ Ţ˒t shops Ææ´·ü∆ߪ’ç. DEØË Shopping Mall ÅE èπÿú≈ Åçö«®Ω’. Å®·ûË Ñ ´÷ô ´·êuçí¬ American. Shop = ´Ææ’h-´¤-©†’/ ÊÆ´-©†’ §ÒçüË à ü¿’é¬-ù¢Á’iØ√– Book shop, Mechanic shop, etc. ÉC ´·êuçí¬ British. Show room = Å´’té¬E-èπ◊†o ´Ææ’h-´¤-©†’ Çéπ-®Ω{ùÃߪ’çí¬ v°æü¿-Jzç* Ţ˒t °ü¿l Shop. Britain, America ©™ Show room ©’ áèπ◊\-´í¬ Cars/ Electrical goods v°æü¿-®Ωz-†èπÿ, Å´’t-é¬-Eéà à®Ωp-®Ω’-≤ƒh®Ω’. Store = ®Ωéπ-®Ω-鬩 ´Ææ’h-´¤-©†’ Ţ˒t °ü¿l ü¿’é¬ùç = Department store. America ™ à ®Ωéπ-¢Á’i† Shop -ØÁjØ√– °ü¿lC/ *†oC/ äÍé ®Ωéπç ´Ææ’h-´¤-©†’ Ţ˒t shop †’, store Åçö«®Ω’. Merchant = ¢√u§ƒJ/ ´®Ωh-èπ◊úø’ Employ = ÖüÓu-í¬-EéÀ Eߪ’-N’ç-îªúøç/ äéπ °æE Å°æp-ñ„-°æpúøç. In the employ of = äéπ company/ ÆæçÆæn ÖüÓu-í∫ç™ Ö†o/ äéπ ´uéÀh (somebody) É*a† ÖüÓu-í∫ç™ °æE-îËÊÆ. Job = ÖüÓuí∫ç Job holder = ÖüÓuT. Pavani, Sudha, Matsyapuri Q. Utmost care and attention has gone into the making of this product. has have

Ñ ¢√éπuç™ ≤ƒn†ç™ Å´-Ææ®Ωç ™‰ü∆? É™«çöÀ Öü∆-£æ«-®Ωù©’ éÌEo N´-Jç-îª-í∫-©®Ω’.

¢√úÌî√a?

A. After a long time we saw her at a party. time Party Recently have/ has + PP

Ééπ\úø Ææçü¿®√s¥Eo •öÀd Ü£œ«ç--èπ◊çö«ç. Å®·-§Ú-®·çC 鬕öÀd. Åçõ‰ á°æ¤púø÷ ´Ææ’hçC.

She told me that she was waiting for you

Who's = Who is; Won't = Will not

Ñ ¢√éπuç™ ¢√ú≈™ N´-Jç-îª-í∫-©®Ω’.

¢√ú≈™,

S.Krishna Hyderabad

Prasad,

Q. It was indeed bureaucracy at work. Reactive rather than proactive. proactive

-Ñ Å®Ωnç °æü¿ v°æßÁ÷í∫ç ûÁ©’- ¢√é¬u-EéÀ Å®Ωnç àN’öÀ, Å™«Íí ÅØË ´÷ôèπ◊ °æçúÕ. Å®Ωnç àN’öÀ? A. 1. ´·-úø-ûª©’, ´·úø-ûª-©’í¬ Ö†o ´’†’A. Reactive = Ææç°∂æ’-ô† ïJ-Íí-ô-°æ¤púø’/ ïJT† ≠æfl© ´·ë«Eo ¢Ájü¿uç ü∆y®√ ´·úø-ûª©’ ûª®√yûª ü∆E îÁúø’ °∂æLû√Eo ÇÊ° v°æߪ’ûªoç. ™‰èπ◊çú≈ îËÆœ, ߪ’´y-†çí¬ éπE-°œç-îËô’x Proactive = Ææç°∂æ’-ô† ï®Ωí∫éπ-´·çüË Ü£œ«ç* îËߪ’úøç. îÌ®Ω´ûÓ îª®Ωu©’ BÆæ’-èπ◊E ü∆E îÁúø’ °∂æL-û√©’ Mounika, Guntur 2) éπôd-ú≈-©èπ◊, É∞¡}èπ◊, ´÷®Ω’p©’, îË®Ω’p©÷ ®√èπ◊çú≈ îª÷úøôç. M.SURESAN Q. ¢√Ææ’h-†’ ÉçTx-≠ˇ™  à´’ç-ö«®Ω’? îËÆœ Çéπ-®Ω{-ùÃߪ’çí¬ îËߪ’úøç. Q. ¶µºï† (°j ÅCµ-é¬-®Ω’© ¢Á’°æ¤p-éÓÆæç) îËߪ’ú≈Eo A. ¢√Ææ’h Åçõ‰ à Nüµ¿çí¬ É©’x éπúÕûË ßª’ïQ. Deterioration Ñ °æü∆Eo ᙫ Öîªa-Jç-î √L? ÉçTx-≠ˇ™ à´’ç-ö«®Ω’? ´÷-EéÀ à Nüµ¿-¢Á’i† °∂æL-û√-©’ç-ö«®· ÅE îªJaçîË A. úÕöÀJÅÈ®ß˝’≠ˇØ˛ – È®ß˝’ ØÌéÀ\ °æ©’-èπ◊û√ç. ¢√Ææ’h ¨»≤ƒY-EéÀ English™ ´÷ô ™‰ü¿’. ÉçöÀ Q. Woo, woes Öî√a-®Ωù, Å®Ωnç ûÁ©’-°æçúÕ. A. Flattery/ Sycophancy (ÆœéÓ-§∂ƒEq) = ¶µºï† Ç鬮Ωç, design, Åçü∆©’, £æ«çí∫’©’– É™«çöÀ ¢√öÀ A. Woo - Öî√a-®Ωù – ´‹– äéπJ ´’ü¿lûª’ §ÒçüË (§Òí∫úøh ÅØË Å®ΩnçûÓ). Åüµ¿u-ߪ’-Ø√Eo Architecture Åçö«®Ω’. Q. -üË-´¤-úÕéÀ -îËÊÆ -¶µº-ï-†-†’ -Éç-Tx-≠ˇ-™ -à-´’ç-ö«®Ω’? v°æߪ’ûªoç îËߪ’úøç. Q. Please give me Åçö«®√? ™‰ü∆ Please give to A. üË ´¤úÕ ¶µºï-†èπ◊ ÆæÈ®j† ´÷ô English™ ™‰ü¿’. All parties in India woo the minorities. me Åçö«®√? Me Åçõ‰ Ø√èπ◊ ÅE éπü∆? éÌEo Choral (•%çü¿) recital (§ƒúøôç) of hymns (¶µ«®Ωû˝™ §ƒKd©Fo ¢Á’iØ√-J-öé ´’ü¿lûª’ §ÒçüË situations ™ for me, to me ÅE áçü¿’èπ◊ use (£œ « çñ¸– ñ¸, size ™ ñ¸™«– hymn- Uûªç) Å-ØÌv°æ ß ª ’ ûª o ç îË Æ æ ’ h ç ö «®·.) îË≤ƒh®Ω’? îª ’ a. ´÷´‚©’í¬ bhajan Åçö«®Ω’. Woes Öî√a® Ω ù – ¢Ó¢˛ – b ¶«üµ ¿ © ’, É•sçü ¿ ’ ©’. A. Please give me (something)/ Please give Meera bhajans, etc.). ( The woes of Sita Æ‘ û ª ¶«üµ ¿ © ’/ éπ ≥ ƒd © ’. something to me ņúøç correct. Please give Q. Bid àßË ’ Ææ ç ü¿ ® √s¥ ™ x Ö°æ ß Á ÷ T ≤ ƒh ® Ω ’ ? to me ņç. Å™«ç-ô-°æ¤púø’ Ææçü¿-®√s¥Eo •öÀd, A. Kotireddy, Bitragunta please give me... ÆæÈ®j-†üË é¬F, sentence °æ‹®Ωh- A. bid = 1) ¢Ë©ç-§ƒ-ô™ §ƒúøôç. Q. She did tell me that she was waiting for you. ®·-†ô’x é¬ü¿’. É™« ÅÆæç-°æ‹Jhí¬ Ö†o-°æ¤púø’, 2) ¢Ë©ç™ äéπJ §ƒô. She told me that she was waiting for you. Please give to me ûª°æ¤p. 3) ã °æEE ØËEç-ûªèπ◊ îË≤ƒh-†E Æœü¿l¥-°æ-úøôç °j È®çúø’ ¢√é¬u-©èπ◊ Å®Ωnç™ ûËú≈ à¢Á’iØ√ Öçü∆? Q. Fear, afraid É¢Ë é¬èπ◊çú≈ ¶µºßª÷Eo ûÁLÊ° °æü∆©’ (Tenders ™«çöÀN). ûÁL-ߪ’-ñ‰-ߪ’-í∫-©®Ω’. ÖØ√oߪ÷? Öü∆-£æ«-®Ω-ùûÓ ûÁ©’-°æ-í∫-©®Ω’. 4) v°æߪ’ûªoç, v°æߪ’ûªoç îËߪ’úøç. A. Fright, horror, dread, panic, terror, awe, etc. 5) Good Morning, good bye ™«çöÀN îÁ°æpúøç. A. She did tell me that she was waiting for you Å®·ûË ¢√öÀE ᙫ- ¢√-ú≈™ ûÁ©’-Ææ’-éÓ-¢√L. ÉçéÓ = FéÓÆæç ûª†’ wait îËÆæ’h-Ø√o-†E éπ*a-ûªçí¬ îÁ°œpçC. V. Kasturi, Pedakakani N≠æߪ’ç fear = 1) ¶µºßª’ç, 2) ¶µºßª’-°æ-úøôç. (Ç¢Á’ îÁ°œpçC ûª°æp-èπ◊çú≈ ÅE ØÌéÀ\ îÁ°æp-úøç) The sight caused fear in the child = Q. O’®Ó Ææçü¿®Ωs¥ç™ particular time †’ mention (Ç¢Á’ îÁ°æp-úøç éπ*aûªç) îËÊÆh past doing verb ¢√úø-û√-´’E îÁ§ƒp®Ω’. é¬F Ç ü¿%¨¡uç °œ-©x-¢√-úÕéÀ ¶µºßª’ç éπL-Tç-*çC. She told me that she was waiting for you = äéπ C†-°æ-vA-éπ™ É™« ÖçC. Children fear dogs = °œ©x©’ èπ◊éπ\-©èπ◊ ¶µºßª’-°æ-úøFéÓÆæç wait îËÆæ’h-Ø√o-†E îÁ°œpçC. û√®Ω’. Ñ ¶µºßª’°æúøôç ÅØË Å®Ωnç-ûÓØË fear = be Last year the no. of jaundice cases has not Q. Face lift

éπ´¤©’/ ®Ωîª-®·-ûª©’ ¢√úÕ-†-°æ¤púø’, ´’†ç Åçü¿’-™E ¶µ«¢√Eo ví∫£œ«ç*, ûª°æ¤p†’ ´C-™‰≤ƒhç. éπ´¤-©èπ◊ Å™« ¢√úË ÊÆyîªa ¥ ÖçC.(¢√∞¡xèπ◊ ûÁ-L-ߪ’éπ é¬ü¿’ éπü∆?) Ñ ÊÆyîªa ¥†’, poetic license Åçö«ç.

afraid of. Q. Ruin, destruction ruined my day A.

- Å®Ωnç -äéπ-õ‰-Ø√?You have ᙫçöÀ situations ™ ¢√úøû√ç. Ruin èπ◊, destruction èπÿ ûËú≈ ÖçC. Ruin = Ø√¨¡†ç; Destruction = üµ¿yçÆæç. He ruined her life = Ç¢Á’ @N-û√Eo Åûªúø’ Ø√¨¡†ç î˨»úø’. The company was ruined = Ç company Ø√¨¡†-´’-®·uçC (C¢√∞« BÆœçC). The destruction of the city in the bombing ruined the life of many = Bomb

´©x üµ¿yçÆæ¢Á’i†

crossed the 350 but this year the figure has touched 1470. Finally this year they have managed to find a solution. particular time mention Past doing verb

Ééπ\úø

î˨»®Ω’ Å®·Ø√ ¢√úø-™‰ü¿’ éπü∆, N´-Jç-îª-í∫-©®Ω’.

A. Last year the number of cases has crossed last year time has crossed Last year the number of cases crossed (Past Doing Word (PDW) correct.

Ééπ\úø ÅE ¢√úøôç ÆæJ-é¬ü¿’.

îÁ-•’-ûª÷

Rahul, Khammam

Q. Spoken English English pronunciation A.

ØË®Ω’a-éÓ-´-ú≈-EéÀ ´’ç* °æ¤Ææhéπç îÁ°æp-í∫-©®Ω’. éÓÆæç à¢Á’iØ√ é¬uÂÆô’x, Æ‘úŒ©’ Öçõ‰ N´-®√©’ ûÁ©’-°æçúÕ. Spoken English éÓÆæç 'A Living English Structure' by Stannard Allen- îª-ü¿-´ç-úÕ. Pronunciation ØË®Ω’a-éÓ--´ú≈-EéÀ °-ü¿l book shops ™ CDs üÌ®Ω’-èπ◊-û√®·.

University of English and Foreign Languages CIEFL) CDs

(´·†’-°æöÀ

¢√∞¡x

éÌ-†ç-úÕ.

ņ--úø¢Ë’

Spoken English -§ƒ-ûª -¢√u≤ƒ-©éÓÆæç -éÀxé˙ -îË-ߪ’ç-úÕ.. URL: http://www.eenadu.net/spoken/spoken.htm