Pratibha390-403

-Ç-C-¢√®Ωç 2 -úÕÂÆç-•®Ω’ 2007

Ñ-Ø√-úø’ £j«-ü¿®√-¶«-ü˛

2

v°æ¨¡o: 1. Present perfect continuous tense †’ passive ™éÀ ᙫ ´÷®√a--L? 2 Passive verb

.

†’ à í∫’Jhç-îªúøç ᙫ?

tense

ï¢√•’: 1. Perfect continuous

™ Ö°æ-ßÁ÷-Tç-î√L?subject, object – öÀ.éÀ-®Ω-ù˝- π◊-´÷®˝, íÓ®Ωçôx tenses (present, past and future) èπ◊

Passive voice

™‰ü¿’. ™ verb à tense ™ Öçô’çüÓ, Passive ™ èπÿú≈ ™ Öçô’ç-C/-Öç-ú≈L.

2. Active voice tense

ÅüË

e.g.: Active: He waters the plants everyday.- verb - waters, tense -present simple. sentence passive: The plants are watered by him Passive subject, the everyday. Verb - are watered - are + pp. plants. (sentence subject) Verb - are watered. (subject sentence verb).

Ñ

èπ◊

Ñ ™ -üËEo í∫’Jç* îÁ°æ¤hçüÓ, ÅC ü∆E ûª®√yûª èπ◊ Åûªuçûª ´·êu-´’-®·† ´÷ô/-

v°æ¨¡o: 1) -O’®Ω’ passive forms exercise ™ Four ï¢√•’: 1) Four were killed and ten were injured were killed and ten injured in the accident yesterday Four were killed and ten were injured in the accident yesterday

ÅE Éî√a®Ω’.

´÷-ô©’,

v°æ¨¡o: 1. Past perfect, continuous, Future perfect

Did you bring my book yesterday? (last day correct.

2)

ņç) – ÉD

í∫’-Jç-* -N-´-Jç-îªí∫-©®Ω’. 2. Ø√ •’é˙ BÆæ’éÌî√a®√ Åçõ‰ Ñ ®ÓV Å®Ωnç™ éÀçC-¢√-öÀ™ ¢Á·ü¿-öÀC Ö°æ-ßÁ÷-Tç-îª-´î√a?

Have + pp/ has + pp past action, time not stated time Have you brought my book, correct. Past action, time stated yesterday, last year etc. Did you bring my book yesterday? correct.

Å-E

Have you bought my book. Did you bring (my) book last day -

Ñ È®çúÕçöÀ™ ¢Á·ü¿-öÀC á°æ¤púø’ Ö°æ-ßÁ÷-Tç-î√L? Å™«Íí §Òü¿’l† ïJ-T† ü∆E í∫’Jç* ≤ƒßª’çvûªç ´÷ö«x-úø’èπ◊-ØË-ô-°æ¤púø’ ü∆Eo present perfect ™‰ü∆ simple past üËEo Ö°æ-ßÁ÷-Tç-î√L? has he given? (Åûªúø’ Éî√aú≈?), Has he taken? Åûªúø’ BÆæ’-èπ◊-Ø√oú≈?– Å-ØÌî√a? – G.îªçü¿’, ÆœJ-ÊÆúø’

ï¢√•’: 1. Past

perfect, continuous, Future perfect tenses lessons

the following. 'A' is having a job. The emoluments paid are not sufficient to meet both ends. So 'A' is doing another job, to have more salary to meet. - I am wishing some sentence and words, whether they are correct or not? 1. A second string to the bow. 2. A substitute job to meet the demand. 3. Mercenary (Adj). or sentence

-Ñ ¢√é¬u-©èπ◊ single word ûÁ©’-°æ-í∫-©®Ω’. – >.N. °æü∆t-´A, äçíÓ©’

ï¢√•’: I Hope you don't mind noting the fol-

lowing: We don't say: a) A is having a job, b) To meet both ends; but we say: a) A has a job, b) To make both ends meet.

(@Nûªç í∫úÕ-Ê°ç-ü¿’èπ◊

î√L-†çûª Ææ秃-Cç-îªôç) II. a) Doing a second job for additional income = Make (some, a little, etc) money on the side b) A job a person does in addition to their main = a sideline.

v°æ¨¡o: éÀç-C-¢√é¬u-™x -¢Á·-ü¿-öÀ-C -O’ lesson -™ -É-*-aç-C. È®ç-úÓ -¢√éπuç èπÿ-ú≈ ÆæÈ®j-†-üË-Ø√? é¬éπ-§Ú-ûË éπÈ®é˙d -¢√éπuç -ûÁ-©°æç-úÕ. 1. If you study well. (If you are study well.) 2. He went to a movie last night. (He went for a movie last night.) 3. Whom do you help? (Whom do you help to?) 4. She came here to join a college. (She came here to join in a college. 5. To join a software institute. (To join in a software institute.) 6. How are you? (How you are?)

ï¢√•’: 1. If you are study well - ÉC ûª°æ¤p-éπü∆?

– ñ„.G.Æœ. ê´’tç

Are study verb from Please remember: The verb must be in one of the 6 forms given here: 1) The be

™«çöÀ

™‰ü¿’ éπü∆?

(í∫ûªç™ á°æ¤púø’ ïJ-TçD ) Ææç-ü¿®Ωs¥-

ûÁLÊ° °æü¿ç, ¢Á’i-ûË

3) What nonsense are you talking?; What nonsense you are talking .

ûËú≈ -à-N’-öÀ?

4) Were you, by any chance, in college last evening? in the college The

ņ-´î√a? 鬙‰ñ¸ ûÁL-ÆœçüË éπü∆? Ö°æ-ßÁ÷-Tç-î√L éπü∆? – áØ˛.-°ç-ôߪ’u, °∂æ’ö¸-Íé-Ææ®˝

Has he given the money?

Has he taken your book? }Correct. Because has given, has taken - refer to past actions, time not stated. past actions.)

-Ççí∫x-¶µ«-≠æ-ù

(á°æ¤púø’ ïJ-TçD ûÁ-L-ߪ’E

†’ í∫’-Jç-* -î √-™« ™ îÁ§ƒpç, N´-®Ωçí¬ §ƒûª îª÷úøçúÕ. 2. Have you brought my book? – †’´¤y Ø√ °æ¤Ææhéπç ûÁî√a¢√? (ÉC correct)

v°æ¨¡o: I. a) Please inform me the proper word for

DEo (í∫ûªç™ ïJ-T† °æE, à ®ÓV/ á-°æ¤p-úø’ îÁ°æp-E) Ææç-ü¿®√s¥-™x ¢√-úø-û√ç. Ç Nüµ¿çí¬

ÅE Öçú≈L éπü∆? ÅüË ™„Ææ-Ø˛™ transformation principles (d) ™ shall be/ should be... ©èπ◊ + 1st RDW active Å®·ûË shall be/ should be... + pp passive ÅØ√o®Ω’. ÉC éπ®Ω-ÍédØ√?

390

Y ou ar e mistaken i) A teacher by profession, he makes some money on the side by writing stories. teacher

v°æ¨¡o: 1. English ™ words

(´%Ah-Kû√u Åûª†’. éπü∑¿©’ ®√Æœ ´’J-éÌçûª Ææ秃-Cç--èπ◊çö«úø’.)

formal, informal

2. Went for a movie

ûª®√yûª

ÆæJ-é¬ü¿’. ÅØËç-ü¿’èπ◊ ™‰ü¿’. Help ûª®√yûª to preposition ®√ü¿’. (I help/ helped him Åçö«-¢Ë’ -é¬-F I help/ helped to him ņç) 4. Join in ûª°æ¤p. Join a college correct. 5. ÉC èπÿú≈ -´·-ç-ü¿’ -¢√éπuç ™«í¬ØË. 6. How you are? ÉC correct question form é¬ü¿’ í∫ü∆?(Question: Verb always before 3.

the subject)

DEéÀ

ÆæÈ®j-†üË éπü∆?

ã ô-°æ¤púø’, ņç. °æ¤úË

OöÀ™ àC éπÈ®é˙d? . ûËú≈ à-N’öÀ? . †’´¤y §Ò®Ω-§ƒô’ î˨»´¤, †’´¤y §Ò®Ω-§ƒô’ °æú≈f´¤. Ñ ¢√é¬u-©†’ ÉçTx-≠ˇ™ ÅE ®√ߪ’-´î√a? . – OöÀ™ àC éπÈ®é˙d? 8. Enter the house, enter into the house ´’üµ¿u ûËú≈ à-N’öÀ? 9. English vocabulary éÀ Ææç•ç-Cµç-*† ´’ç* °æ¤Ææhéπç Ææ÷*ç-îªçúÕ. – Ç®˝.-P´, È®j™‰y-éÓ-úø÷®Ω’ ï¢√•’: 1.Formal Åçõ‰ ã °æü¿l¥A v°æ鬮Ωç îËÊÆ ÅE, ´·êuçí¬ ´÷†´ Ææç•ç-üµ∆-™x. °ü¿l-¢√-∞¡}ûÓ, íÌ°æp ¢√∞¡}ûÓ, ´’†èπ◊ -Åçûªí¬ °æJ-îª-ߪ’ç-™‰E ¢√∞¡}ûÓ– -á-™« -Åç-õ‰ -Å-™« -´÷-ö«x-úøç éπ-ü∆?(ÊÆo£œ«-ûª’-©ûÓØÓ, ņo-ü¿´·t-©-ûÓØÓ -´÷-ö«x-úÕ-†-ô’x). î√-™« íı®Ω-´çí¬, ã °æü¿l¥Aí¬ ¢√JûÓ ´÷ö«-x-úøû√ç. ¢√∞¡xûÓ ´u´-£æ«-JçîË B®Ω’ èπÿú≈ äéπ °æü¿l¥-Aí¬ Öçô’çC. ÉC formal. äéπ officer ûÓØÓ, ã °ü¿l ´uéÀh-ûÓØÓ ´’†ç formal í¬ Öçö«ç. ´’† friends ûÓ informal í¬ Öçö«ç. ´’† ûªLx-ü¿ç-vúø’™-ûÓ, ´·êuçí¬ ûª©’x-©ûÓ informal í¬ Öçö«ç. 2. Failing the word - fail your / his/ their word.

ÅØËC é¬ü¿’-éπü∆? Nü∆u-®Ω’n©’ ¢√∞¡x í∫’-Jç-* -´÷-ö«x-úËÅØË ÅØ√L. éÀ Ææç•ç-üµ¿ç -™‰-E-¢√∞¡Ÿx ™ Ö†oÅçö«ç.

´÷ èπ◊ Å™«Íí O’®Ω’ éÓçúÕ. Å°æ¤púø’ éπçõ‰ O’®Ω’ 3.

ûÓ Ææç•çüµ¿ç ™‰ü¿’-éπü∆?). ™ ņ’-

é¬ü¿’. áçü¿’èπ◊ Ææç•ç-Cµç-*† ¢√∞¡Ÿx éπ†’éπ.

È®çúø÷ Åçûª Ç¢Á÷-ü¿-éπ-®Ω-¢Á’i† sentences 鬴¤. ÆæÈ®j† ¢√éπuç: Among those pens the one with the black refill is mine OR Among those the pen with the black refill is mine.

àN’öÀ? . '´÷ô ûª°æp-úøç— – ÉçTx-≠ˇ™ à´’ç-ö«®Ω’? 3. The pen which has black

– OöÀ™ àC éπÈ®é˙d? ûËú≈ à-N’öÀ?

í∫’®Ω’hç--éÓçúÕ: ®√ØË-®√´¤.

éπü∆? Å™«Íí

2

.

You see that are (be form) + study (1 st RDW) is not among the 6 forms of the verb. be from Doing Words

Voice: It shall be done by you -Verb: shall be + done - shall be + pp (done) He should carry it (A.V.verb: should carry - should + 1st RDW). Passive: It should be carried by him. Verb: should be carried (should be + carried - pp)3) What nonsense are you talking? correct. What nonsense you are talking correct question form 4) college college in college In the college College college in the college e.g.: My father was in the college yesterday to meet the principal. ( father college ZPHS, Ghatkesar Teacher You go to school at 9.30/ You attend school everyday. The school school

ÖØ√o®· éπü∆? Åçõ‰

ii) A teacher, writing stories is his sideline (sideline = a job in addition to the main job) M.SURESAN refill is mine among those. iii) a) A second string to the bow: The correct The pen that has black refill is mine among form of this expression is, a) Have more those then string to your bow; b) Have another/ more strings to your bow. 4 The pens that are blue in colour are mine. The meaning of these expressions is, "to have The pens those are blue in colour are more than one plan, idea or skill you can use mine. it you need to." It does not mean an addition5 Depend on, depend upon al job. 6 b) A substitute job means a job that you do instead of the job that you are doing now, You have mistaknot an additional job. en, You are mistaken c) Mercenary means doing anything just for the sake of money. The men who work for a 7 Happy Sankranti to everybody. goonda are mercenaries because they do Happy Sankranti everybody. anything just for money. form; 2) the be form + the ... ing form; 3) The be form + the past participle; 4) have/ has/ had/ shall have/ will have, etc... + past participle; 5) The Doing Words and 6) shall, should, will, would etc + the 1st RDW.

Å-†-ú≈-EéÀ •ü¿’©’, were È®çúø’ clauses èπÿ äéπõ‰ (common) 鬕öÀd, four were killed and ten, injured Å--ØÌa. ûª°æ¤p-™‰ü¿’, Å®·ûË ten °æéπ\-† comma Öçõ‰ clear í¬ Öçô’çC. ´÷ö«x-úË-ô°æ¤púø’, ten °æéπ\† comma ņ™‰ç éπü∆, Åçü¿’-éπE, ten Å-E é¬ÊÆ°æ¤ Ç°œ, injured Åçö«ç. 2) ÅçûË éπü∆? e.g.: You shall do it. (AV. verb: shall + 1st RDW) DEéÀ Passive

O’ sentences ™ mine among those ÅØËC ÆæÈ®j† word order é¬ü¿’. É™«ç-ô-°æ¤púø’ clarity î√-™« ´·êuç. Åçü¿’-éπE, Among those pens, ´·ç-ü¿’çõ‰ ¶«í∫’ç-ô’çC. 4. The pens that are blue in colour, correct. (The blue pens are mine/ mine are the blue pens simple

Åçõ‰ Éçé¬ éπü∆?) . È®çúø÷ äéπõ‰. Å®·ûË sentence *´®Ω ´*a-†°æ¤púø’ 'depend upon' better. I depend on him - depend, sentence -´’üµ¿u™ ´*açC 鬕öÀd, on ¢√ú≈ç (upon ¢√úÕØ√ ûª°æ¤p-™‰ü¿’).He is not to be depended upon - Ééπ\úø depend sentence *´®Ω ´*açC. 鬕öÀd depend upon É™« ¢√úøôç better (on ¢√úÕØ√ ûª°æ¤p ™‰ü¿’). 6. †’´¤y §Ò®Ω-§ƒô’ î˨»´¤ = You have made a mistake. †’´¤y §Ò®Ω-°æ-ú≈f´¤ = You are mistaken. You have mistaken - Ñ sentence ™ -àç -§Ò®Ω-§ƒ-ô’ -îËÆœç-D -îÁ°æp-ôç -™‰-ü¿’, sentence °æ‹®Ωh-´-™‰ü¿’. You have mistaken him for his brother - ÅûªE ûª´·túÕ-E /ņo†’ Åûª-úÕí¬ §Ò®Ω-•-ú≈f´¤ †’´¤y. You have mistaken ÅE ´C-™‰ÊÆh -ü∆Eo -á-™« §Ò®Ω-•-úÕçC ûÁ-L-ߪ’ü¿’. 5

7. Both are correct. Happy sankranthi to everybody =

v°æA ¢√Jéà džçü¿ Ææçvé¬çA. (O’ áü¿’ÅE °œL* ®Ω’í¬ Ö†o-¢√-∞¡}†’) ¢√∞¡xèπ◊ ¨¡Ÿ¶µº-Ææç-vé¬çA ûÁ-©°æôç. 8. äéπ v°æüË-¨¡ç-™ éÀ v°æ¢Ë-Pç-îªôç – Enter a place. ä°æpçü¿ç èπ◊ü¿’-®Ω’a-éÓ-´úøç, Ææ綵«-≠æ-ù-™éÀ Cí∫úøç ÅØË Å®ΩnçûÓ, enter into an agreement/ into Happy Sankranthi every body = every body

a conversation, etc. 9. Vocabulary

éπçô÷ v°æûËu-éπçí¬ -ÖçúË °æ¤Ææh-鬙‰ îªü¿-´-†-éπ\-®Ω-™‰ü¿’. O©-®·-†-°æ¤p-úø™«x English îªü¿-´çúÕ.

Spoken English -§ƒ-ûª -¢√u≤ƒ-©éÓÆæç -éÀxé˙ -îË-ߪ’ç-úÕ.. URL: http://www.eenadu.net/spoken/spoken.htm

-´’çí∫-∞¡¢√®Ωç 4 -úÕÂÆç-•®Ω’ 2007 Nipun: Chandan is fighting the election this time too, but it's going to be tougher for him than last time.

(Ñ≤ƒJ èπÿú≈ îªçü¿Ø˛ áEo-éπ™x §Úöà îËÆæ’hØ√oúø’. éÀçü¿-öÀ-≤ƒ-J-éπçõ‰ Ñ≤ƒJ Èí©-´úøç Åûª-úÕéÀ áèπ◊\´ éπ≠dçæ .) Sugun: Yea. He has to fight more people for leadership than he did last time.

(Å´¤†’. Ø√ߪ’-éπûªyç éÓÆæç éÀçü¿öÀ≤ƒJ-éπçõ‰ Ñ≤ƒJ áèπ◊\-´-´’ç-CûÓ §ÚöÃ-îË-ߪ÷Lq ÖçC.) Nipun: He has the toughest challenge from Nandan. Nandan has the support of a sizable section of the voters.

Ñ-Ø√-úø’ £j«-ü¿®√-¶«-ü˛

2

Last lesson

™ ´’†ç spoken English ™ fight èπ◊ Ææç•ç-Cµç-*† ´÷ô©’ îª÷¨»ç éπü∆. ´’J-éÌEo ´÷ô©’ fight èπ◊ Ææç•ç-Cµç-*-†¢Ë, ûÁ©’-Ææ’-èπ◊çü∆ç. Ñ lesson ™ fight ûÓ ´îËa ´÷ô©’ ÅFo §Ú®√-ö«-EéÀ Ææç•ç-Cµç*-†¢Ë é¬éπ-§Ú-´ôç îª÷≤ƒhç. Look at the following sentences from the dialogue above. 1) Chandan is fighting an election this time too. 2) He has to fight more people for leadership than he did last time. 3) Chandan had to fight off his crowd of admirers to come out of the auditorium.

b) You don't always fight people to win. You do it just for the pleasure of it.

4) Hari has still plenty of fight left in him.

(Åûª-úÕéÀ í∫öÀd-§Úöà †çü¿Ø˛ †’çîË. ãô-®Ωx™ îÁ°æ¤p-éÓ-ü¿í∫_ ´®Ω_¢Ë’, †çü¿-Ø˛†’ •©-°æ-®Ω’-Ææ’hØ√o®Ω’.) sizeable/ sizable= áèπ◊\´ ¶µ«í∫¢Ë’ Sugun: I disagree with you there. He is not such a serious opposition to Nandan.

(ÅC ØËØÌ-°æ¤p-éÓ†’. Åûªúø’ †çü¿-Ø˛èπ◊ Åçûª °ü¿l §Úöà àç é¬ü¿’.)

5) The next candidate that has a fighting chance in him is Nandan. 6) Our friends fought about this issue for a whole hour. 7) I left them to fight it out. 1) Fighting an election: Fight an election

Åçõ‰ ûÁ©’-Ææ÷hØË ÖçC éπü∆? áEo-éπ™x §Úöà îËߪ’ôç ÅE.

Nipun: What do you know? The other day after making a speech, Chandan had to fight off his crowd of admirers to come out of the auditorium. That's the following he has.

a) Only the rich can make it to the Assembly or Parliament in India. Fighting an election costs a lot =

(àç ûÁ©’Ææ’ Fèπ◊? ¢Á·ØÌoéπ®ÓV Ö°æ-Ø√uÆæç É*a† ûª®√yûª Ç Æ涵º †’ç* •ßª’-öÀ-éÌ-îËaç-ü¿’èπ◊ ûª† ÅGµ-´÷-†’© ´’üµ¿u †’ç* ®√´-ú≈EéÀ áçûÓ §Ú®√-ú≈Lq ´*açC. Åçûªí¬ ÅGµ-´÷-EçîË ¢√∞¡ŸxØ√o-®Ω-ûª-úÕéÀ.) admirers= fans= ÅGµ-´÷-†’©’. following= ´’ü¿lûª’/ support. The hero has a large fan following= Çhero èπ◊ °ü¿l Ææçêu-™ØË ÅGµ-´÷†/ ņ’-Ω í∫ùç ÖçC.

Èí©-´-ö«-E-éπØË Éûª-®Ω’©ûÓ §Úöà îËߪ’ç. džçü¿ç éÓÆæç èπÿú≈ îË≤ƒhç. 3) Fight (something/ somebody) off = äéπ-JE/ äéπ N≠æ-ߪ÷Eo E®Ó-CµçîËçü¿’èπ◊ v°æߪ’-Aoç-îªôç, é¬Ææh üˆ®Ω†b uçûÓ èπÿú≈. a) The stars had to fight off the crowds to get out of the auditorium =

b) In spite of the early loss of wickets, the Pak team has plenty of fight left in it.=

ûªy®Ωí¬ wickets éÓ™p-®·-†-°æp-öÀéÃ, Pak ïô’d™ Éçé¬ §Ú®√-ô-°æ-öÀ´’/ éÓJé¬ ÖØ√o®·. 5) Have a fighting chance = v¨¡´’-°æúÕ, éπ%ûª E¨¡aߪ’çûÓ Nïߪ’ç ≤ƒCµç-îª-í∫-©-í∫úøç. a) If you starts working at it, you still have a fighting chance =

†’´¤y éπ≠d-°æ æ-úÕûË, †’´¤y ≤ƒCµç-îª-í∫-LÍí Å´-鬨¡ç ÖçC.

Ç Æ涵«-ÆænL †’ç* •ßª’-ô-°æ-úËç-ü¿’èπ◊ Ç ÆœE´÷ û√®Ω©’ ïØ√Eo ûÓÊÆÆœ ®√¢√Lq ´*açC.

b) Don't worry. Begin now. You still have a fighting chance =

b) The police had to fight off the demonstrators to take the Minister out =

¶«üµ¿-°æ-úøèπ◊. É°æ¤púø’ v§ƒ®Ωç-Gµç. Fèπ◊ Nï-ߪ÷´-é¬-¨»©’ ÖØ√o®·. 6) fight about = ¢√Cç--éÓ-´úøç.

-Ççí∫x-¶µ«-≠æ-ù

391

a) They fought about for

I left them to fight it out

Sugun: Do you know that the other candidate Hari has still plenty of fight left in him? You can't count him out.

(ÉçéÓ Å¶µºuJn £æ«JéÀ èπÿú≈ ´’ç* §Úöà ɴyí∫© ¨¡éÃh, Ææçéπ©pç ÖØ√o-ߪ’E ûÁ©’≤ƒ Fèπ◊? ÅûªúÕo ûËL-éπí¬ BÆœ-§ƒ-Í®-ߪ’™‰ç.) Nipun: Still he may not be the force that Nandan is. Chandan is still the favourite, but the next candidate that has a fighting chance in him is Nandan, certainly not Hari.

(Å®·Ø√ Åûª†’ †çü¿Ø˛ Åçûª íÌ°æp/ í∫öÀd v°æûªuJn 鬙‰úø’. Åçü¿®Ω÷ ņ’-èπ◊-ØËC îªçü¿ØË Èí©’-≤ƒh-úøE. Å®·ûË ÅûªE ûª®√yûª àüÁjØ√ §Ú®√úÕ Èí©-´-í∫© Ææ´’-®Ωnûª ÖçúËC †çü¿Ø˛Íéí¬F, £æ«JéÀ é¬ü¿’.) Sugun: Let's wait and see. Yesterday our friends Karthik, Ramesh, Pratap and others fought about this issue for a whole hour. I left them to fight it out.

(îª÷ü∆lç. E†o ´’† ÊÆo£œ«-ûª’©’ é¬Khé˙, ®Ω¢Ë’≠ˇ, v°æû√°ˇ, Éûª-®Ω’©÷ ã í∫çô-ÊÆ°æ¤ ÉüË ¢√Cç--èπ◊-Ø√o®Ω’. ¢√∞¡xØË ûË©’a-éÓ-´’E ؈’ ´îËa¨».) Nipun: It's unfortunate that the candidates are fighting on the basis of caste.

(¢√∞¡Ÿx èπ◊©ç v§ƒA-°æ-C-éπ† §ÚöÃ-îË-ߪ’ôç ü¿’®Ωü¿%-≠d-éæ π®Ωç) Sugun: Nandan did not do it at first. But when Chandan started it, Nandan wanted to fight fire with fire and started the caste appeal.

(¢Á·ü¿ô †çü¿Ø˛ Å™« îËߪ’-™‰ü¿’. é¬E Chandan ü∆Eo v§ƒ®Ωç-Gµç-îªôç îª ÷Æœ ´·©’x†’ ´·©’x-ûÓØË Bߪ÷-©E, û√†’ èπÿú≈ èπ◊©ç v°æ≤ƒh-´† ûÁî√aúø’.) Nipun: OK. Let's wait and watch. (¢Ë* îª÷ü∆lç.)

2)

¶µ«®Ω-û˝™ Ææç°æ-†’o™‰ Assembly ©èπ◊-í¬F, Parliament èπ◊í¬F áEo-éπ´-í∫-©®Ω’. áEo-éπ™x §Úöà îËߪ’ôç î√™« ê®Ω’aûÓ èπÿúÕ† °æE.

´’çvAE •ßª’-ôèπ◊ BÆæ’-èπ◊-´-îËaç-ü¿’èπ◊ §ÚM-Ææ’©’ v°æü¿-®Ωz-èπ◊-©†’ îÁü¿-®Ω-íÌ-ö«dLq ´*açC. demonstrators = v°æü¿-®Ωz-èπ◊©’

b) To fight an election is one thing, to win is quite another.

Though old, he fought the robbers off =

áEo-éπ™x §ÚöÃ-îË-ߪ’ôç äéπ áûª’h, ´·Ææ-L-¢√-úÁj-†-°æp-öÀéÃ, Ç üÓ°œ-úÕ-í¬-∞¡xûÓ M.SURESAN Èí©-´ôç äéπ áûª’h. §Ú®√úÕ ûªJ-¢Ë’-¨»úø’. To fight people = compete = Éûª-®Ω’-©ûÓ §Úöà 4) Plenty of fight (left) in somebody = Éçé¬ îËߪ’ôç. ã°œéπ/ ¨¡éÀh N’TL Öçúøôç. a) He has to fight 5 other candidates to be through to the assembly =

a) My grandmother still has plenty of fight left in her to walk the whole distance. =

ÅÂÆçHxéÀ ¢Á∞«x-©çõ‰ Åûªúø’ ´’®Ó âü¿’-í∫’-JûÓ §ÚöÃ-îË-ߪ÷Lq ÖçC.

Éçûª-ü¿÷-®Ω´‚ †úÕ-îËç-ü¿’èπ◊ ´÷ Å´’t-´’tèπ◊/ ¶«´’tèπ◊ Éçé¬ ã°œéπ/ ¨¡éÀh N’TL ÖçC.

-v°æ-¨¡o:

a=

1. C.P.Brown Dictionary pronunciation

™ -èπ◊ Ææç-•çCµç-* éÀç-C-N -Ø√èπ◊ Å®Ωnç 鬙‰ü¿’. -N-´®Ωçí¬ -ûÁ-L-ߪ’-ñ‰ßª’í∫-©®Ω’. a - a- ,a' , a^ , a , a^ a – Å, Å, °æ d-ed-et - úøü¿ E- e- e' e - áà, -É, Ñ - .. i - i i - É, Ñ, â - ' O - O, O , O - ãä - ' U - U U ,U U - ÖÜ, Ç – OöÀ-E ᙫ °æ©é¬-™ ûÁ©-°æçúÕ. 2. English paper îªC-¢Ë-ô-°æ¤púø’ Å®√n©’ îª÷-úÌ-ü¿lE O’®Ωç-ö«®Ω’. îªC-N† ûª®√yûª îª÷úø-ö«-EéÀ í∫’®Ω’hçúø´¤ éπü∆? ûÁ©’í∫’ O’úÕߪ’ç ¢√JéÀ Oxford à ÆœKÆˇ ᙫ Ö°æ-ßÁ÷-í∫-°æ-úø’-ûª’çC? – G.Ææ-Ah-¶«•’, éÓ®Ω’-éÌçúø -ï-¢√-•’: O’®Ω’ ®√Æœ-†N pronunciation (Ö-î√a®Ω-ù)èπ◊ Ææç•ç-Cµç-*-†N. i) a = a- = (Å)= cot ™ Å í¬ °æ©’èπ◊û√ç – Å®·ûË ÉC °æL-Íé-ô-°æ¤púø’ °ü¿-´¤©’ í∫’çvúøç-í¬ A°œp, Ø√©’éπ °æéπ\-©’- °jéÀ A°æ¤pû√ç. v

v

^

^

v

v

Å – ûÁ©’-í∫’™ ´’†ç ´÷´‚©’í¬ ÖîªaJçîË 'Å—èπ◊, English ™ a ®√ü¿’. a = Ç – ÉC, cot ™E Å ™«í¬ °ü¿-´¤©’ í∫’çvúøçí¬ A°œp, Ø√©’éπ °æéπ\-©’ -°jéÀ A°æ¤pû√ç – fall ™ ™«í¬. 'a' †’ English ™ à °æ-ü¿ç™ èπÿú≈, 'à— í¬ °æ©éπç. 'áß˝’—-™«í¬ °æ©’-èπ◊û√ç, fate (°∂ß˝’-ö¸) ™ ™«. ii) d E bad ™ 'úø—™« °æ©’-èπ◊û√ç. Looked, booked ™ d (ed), t í¬ °æ©’-èπ◊û√ç. Looked = ©’é˙d. iii) E (e) E, bet ™«çöÀ °æü∆™x, 'á— í¬ °æ©’-èπ◊û√ç. 'à— ™« à °æü¿ç-™-†÷- ®√ü¿’ Ø√èπ◊ ûÁLÆœ. fete ÅØË ´÷ô™ °߽’ö¸ (áß˝’)™« ´Ææ’hçC. feel ™ 'Ñ—™« ´Ææ’hçC. iv) i - ÉC fit, kill ™«çöÀ ¢√öÀ™ x 'É— ™« °æ©’èπ◊û√ç.Magazine ™«çöÀ ´÷ô™ '´÷í∫-@Ø˛—– 'Ñ— ™« °æ©’-èπ◊û√ç. sign ™«çöÀ ´÷ô™x 'â— ™« °æ©’-èπ◊û√ç. v) O - ÉC British English ™ 'ä¢˛— ™« °æ©’èπ◊û√ç – go - íÌ¢˛ (¢˛ °æLéà °æ©éπ†ô’x Öç-ô’ç-C). American English / Indian English ™ ä ÅE ´Ææ’hçC – go - íÌ/ íÓ.

a whole night but did not arrive at any settlement =

®√vûªçû√ ¢√Cç--éÌE à B®√t-Ø√-Eéà ®√™‰-éπ-§Ú-ߪ÷®Ω’ ¢√∞¡Ÿx.

b) The boys in the back benches are fighting about the best actor =

*´J benches ™ èπÿ®Ω’a†o °œ©x©’, Öûªh´’ †ô’úÕ í∫’Jç* ¢√Cç--èπ◊ç-ô’-Ø√o®Ω’. 7) fight it out = àüÁjØ√ N≠æߪ’ç B®√t†ç îËÆæ’-éÓ´ôç (settle îËÆæ’-éÓ-´ôç) a) He just left home leaving his wife and his mother to fight it out =

Åûª†’ •ßª’-öÀ-Èé-Rx-§Ú-ߪ÷úø’, ûªLxF ¶µ«®Ωu†’ §Úö«x-úø’-éÓ-´’E. b) Let's go. Let them fight it out =

´’†ç ¢Á∞«lç °æü∆. ¢√∞¡xØË ûË©’a-éÓF (§Úö«xô, ¢√ü¿†). vi) U -

DEo 'full' ™«çöÀ ´÷ô-™x, 'Ö— ™« °æ©’èπ◊û√ç. (full - °∂椙¸) rule ™«çöÀ ´÷ô™x 'Ü— ™« °æ©’-èπ◊û√ç. (®Ω÷™¸) But ™«çöÀ ´÷ô™x U †’ 'Å— í¬ °æ©’-èπ◊û√ç. 2) îªC-¢Ë-ô-°æ¤púË dictionary ™ Å®√n©’ îª÷Ææ’èπ◊çô÷ îªC-NûË, O’ îªü¿’-´¤- ≤ƒ-í∫ü¿’, NÆæ’Íí-Ææ’hçC, îªü¿-´-úøç ÇÊ°-≤ƒh®Ω’. Å™«é¬èπ◊çú≈ îªü¿’´¤-èπ◊ç-ô÷-§ÚûË, Ææçü¿-®√s¥-Eo-•öÀd éÌEo ´÷ô© Å®√n©’ dictionary Ææ£æ…ߪ’ç- ™‰-èπ◊çú≈ î√©≤ƒ®Ω’x correct í¬ØË Ü£œ«ç--éÓ-í∫©ç. ÅçûË-é¬èπ◊çú≈ áèπ◊\-´-≤ƒ®Ω’x äÍé-´÷ô ´*a-†-°æ¤púø’, ÅC ´’† mind ™E, auto register ´©x, ´’† v°æߪ’-ûªoç -™‰-èπ◊çú≈ ´’† speech ™ ¢√úËߪ’ôç ï®Ω’-í∫’-ûª’çC. îªC-N† ûª®√yûª ÅEo ´÷ô©÷ ´’-J-*-§Úç- éπü∆? à È®çúø’- ´‚úø’ ´÷ô-©-®·Ø√ í∫’®Ω’hç-ö«-®·-éπü∆. O’®Ω’ ¢√öÀ Å®√n©’ ûÁ©’-Ææ’-èπ◊çõ‰ î√©’. Telugu Medium ¢√∞¡Ÿx Oxford Dictionary *´®Ω defining words list ÅE Öçô’ç-C. -´·ç-ü¿’ -¢√öÀ Å®√n©’ ûÁ©’-Ææ’-èπ◊çõ‰ N’í∫-û√-¢√-öÀéÀ Å®√n©’ ûÁ©’Ææ’éÓ-´-úøç -Ææ’-©¶µºç. -¢√öÀ Å®√n-©èπ◊ éÌçûªé¬©ç àü¿-®·Ø√ English - Telugu Dictionary ¢√úøçúÕ.

Spoken English -§ƒ-ûª -¢√u≤ƒ-©éÓÆæç -éÀxé˙ -îË-ߪ’ç-úÕ.. URL: http://www.eenadu.net/spoken/spoken.htm

í∫’®Ω’-¢√®Ωç 6 -úÕÂÆç-•®Ω’ 2007 Subhakar: So, what's new?

(Å®·ûË àçöÀ N¨Ï-≥ƒ©’?) Jayakar:

I am returning from Vishnu. A piece of good news is that he has got admission into IIM. (Vishnu

ü¿í∫_®Ω †’ç* AJ-íÌ-Ææ’h-Ø√o†’. ¨¡Ÿ¶µº-¢√®Ωh. Åûª-úÕéÀ IIM ™ v°æ¢Ë¨¡ç ©Gµç*çC.)

(IIM = Indian Institute of Management) Subhakar: That's really great. Getting admission into IIM is certainly an achievement. I should walk a hundred miles to shake hands with him.

(Eïçí¬ íÌÊ°p. IIM ™ v°æ¢Ë¨¡ç Åçõ‰ àüÓ °∂撆鬮Ωuç ≤ƒCµç-*-†õ‰x. ´çü¿¢Á’i∞¡Ÿx †úÕ-îÁjØ√ Åûª-úÕéÀ shakehand É¢√yLqçüË.) Walk a hundred miles to shakehands with somebody=

á´-È®jØ√ àüÁjØ√ °∂æ’†-鬮Ωuç ≤ƒCµÊÆh Ñ ´÷ôçö«ç. Jayakar:

The thing to be appreciated here is his fighting spirit. Really hats off to his patience and perseverance.

(´’†ç ¢Á’a-éÓ-¢√-LqçC áçûª éπ≠d-¢æ Á’iØ√ ≤ƒCµç-î√-©ØË éÓJéπ/ ≤ƒCµç-îË-´-®Ωèπ◊ §Ú®√ú≈-©ØË éÓJéπ. Eïçí¬ ÅûªúÕ ã®Ω’p†÷, °æô’d-ü¿©†÷ ¢Á’a-éÓ-¢√-LqçüË.) appreciate: Åv°‘-≠œ-áß˝’ö¸ – v°‘ ØÌéÀ\ °æ©’èπ◊û√ç= ¢Á’a-éÓ-´ôç; patience- °߽’-≠æØ˛q– ûÁ©’Ææ’ í∫ü∆? ã®Ω’p/ ã°œéπ. perseverance- °æ (bird ™ '•— ™«) ÆœN-ߪ’®ΩØ˛q– N ØÌéÀ\ °æ©’-èπ◊û√ç. Å®Ωnç= °æô’d-ü¿©– ≤ƒCµç-îË-´-®Ωèπ◊ Nv¨¡-N’ç-îªE í∫’ùç; hats offá´J†-®·Ø√ ¢Á’a-èπ◊-ØËç-ü¿’èπ◊ ¢√úË ´÷ô. ñ£æ…®˝ ™«í¬.

Ñ-Ø√-úø’ £j«-ü¿®√-¶«-ü˛

2

´’†ç éÀçü¿öÀ È®çúø’ lessons ™ spoken ™ ≤ƒüµ∆-®Ω-ùçí¬ NE-°œçîË fight, ü∆EûÓ ´îËa Éûª®Ω ´÷ô©’, ¢√öÀ ¢√úøéπç îª÷¨»ç. Éçé¬ fight èπ◊ Ææç•ç-Cµç-*† ´÷ô©’, conversation ™ ûª®Ωîª÷ ¢√úø-í∫-L-T-†N ´’J-éÌEo ÖØ√o®·. Ñ lesson ™ ¢√öÀE îª÷ü∆lç. ¢√öÀE ûª®Ωîª÷ O’ conversation ™ ¢√úË Å´-é¬-¨»-©’ç-ö«®·. English

Look at the following sentences from the conversation at the beginning of the lesson. 1) The thing to be appreciated here is his fighting spirit.

2) fight back =

2) His failure in his first attempt roused his desire to fight back.

4) Fight to the finish =

a) Pakistan fought back to avoid defeat=

a) This exam is going to be a fight to the finish for me =

ãôN’ ûª°œpç--èπ◊-ØËç-ü¿’èπ◊ §ƒéÀ-≤ƒnØ˛ áü¿’-®Ω’-E-L* §Ú®√-úÕçC.

4) He has fought to the finish.

؈’ ´÷vûªç Ñ °æKéπ~ N≠æ-ߪ’ç™ û√úÓ Ê°úÓ ûË©’a-èπ◊ç-ö«†’.

b) The tribals in India do not have the power to fight back, though they are exploited=

5) He'd fight tooth and nail for any thing he wants.

b) This time it is going to be a fight to the finish. Either he or me will stay=

üÓ°œ-úÕéÀ í∫’®Ω-´¤-ûª’-†o-°æp-öÀéÃ, ¶µ«®Ωûª TJ-ï-†’-©èπ◊ ü∆Eo áC-JçîË ¨¡éÀh ™‰ü¿’. (exploited= äéπJ •©-£‘«-†-ûª†’ ´’† ¶«í∫’èπ◊ ¢√úø’-éÓ-´ôç; Ũ¡-éπh-ûª†’ ¢√úø’-éÓ-´ôç/ ´÷´‚©’í¬ üÓ°œ-úÕéÀ í∫’®ΩßË’u •©£‘«-†-´-®√_-©†’, they are exploited Åçô’ç-ö«®Ω’)

1) Fighting spirit-

§Ú®√úÕ ≤ƒCµç-î√-©ØË éÓJéπ/ áçûª éπ≠d-°æ æ-úÁjØ√ ≤ƒCµç-î√-©ØË í∫öÀd E®Ωgߪ’ç. (Ææ’©¶µºçí¬ EÆæp %£æ« îÁçü¿-èπ◊çú≈, EÆæq-£æ…-ߪ’ûª îª÷°œç-îªèπ◊çú≈)

-Ççí∫x-¶µ«-≠æ-ù

392

3) Put up fight=

a

Ñ≤ƒJ Åö Éö ûËL-§Ú-ßË’-ü∆é¬ §Ú®√-úøû√/ v°æߪ’-ûªoç-îË≤ƒh. ¢√úø’ç-ö«úÓ Øˆ’ç-ö«ØÓ ûË™«L. c) The third time was a fight to the finish. The result was in his favour=

good

´‚úÓ-≤ƒ-JéÀ ûËLç-ü¿C. °∂æLûªç ¢√úÕéÀ ņ’-èπÿ©çí¬ ÖçC. 5) Fight tooth and nail=

He has fought to the finish

Subhakar: His failure in his first attempt roused his desire to fight back. It did not disappoint him, but has fought back successfully.

(¢Á·ü¿öÀ ߪ’ûªoç N°∂æ-©-´’-´úøç Åûª-úÕ™ áü¿’®Ω’ §Ú®√-ú≈-©ØË éÓJ-éπ†’ Í®°œçüËí¬F, Åûª-úÕE E®Ω’-û√q-£æ«-°æ-®Ω-îª-™‰ü¿’. áü¿’®Ω’ §Ú®√úÕ ï®·ç-î√úø’) Jayakar:

Subhakar: Yea. He wanted to see it through to the end and he did. He has fought to the finish.

(Å´¤†’. ü∆E Åçûª’ îª÷ú≈-©-†’-èπ◊-Ø√oúø’. îª÷¨»úø’. *´-J-´-®Ωèπÿ §Ú®√-ú≈úø’ ¢Á·û√hEéÀ.) Jayakar:

éπ≠d-°æ æ-úø-®·Ø√ ≤ƒCµç-î√-©-†’-éÌ-ØË-¢√∞Ïx/ §Ú®√úÕ Èí©-¢√-©-†’-èπ◊-ØË-¢√∞Ïx @N-ûªç™ Nïߪ’ç ≤ƒCµ-≤ƒh®Ω’.

He has always been the fighting type. He'd fight tooth and nail for anything he wants.

(á°æ¤púø÷ §Ú®√úË ûªûªy¢Ë’/ *´-J-´-®Ωèπÿ v°æߪ’-AoçîË ûªûªy¢Ë’ Åûª-úÕC. ûª†èπ◊ 鬢√LqçC ´îËa-´-®Ωèπ◊ v°æߪ’-Ao-Ææ÷hØË Öçö«úø’ í∫öÀd E®Ωg-ߪ’çûÓ.) Subhakar: All said and done it's a great achievement. I'll go to him and congratulate him personally.

(àüË-¢Á’iØ√ ÉC °∂æ’†-é¬-®Ωu¢Ë’. ؈’ ¢ÁRx ´uéÀh-í∫-ûªçí¬ ÅûªúÕE ÅGµ-†ç-C-≤ƒh†’.)

éπ≥ƒd-©èπÿ, ¨¡vûª’-´¤-©èπÿ Ææ’©-¶µºçí¬ ™Ôçí∫-èπ◊çú≈ O©-®·-†ç-ûª-´-®Ωèπÿ §Ú®√úøôç/ ™ÔçT-§ÚßË’ ´®Ωèπÿ §Ú®√-úø’ûª÷ç-úøôç/ N°∂æ-©-´’-ßË’u-´-®Ωèπÿ v°æߪ’-AoÆæ÷hç-úøôç. (v°æߪ’-ûªo-™ °æç ™‰éπ-§Ú´ôç.)

b) It is not just enough to have ambition. You should have the fighting spirit=

by his fighting spirit. He fought so hard for peace=

¨»çA 鬢√-©E áçûªí¬ éÓ®Ω’èπ◊-Ø√oúÓ í¬çDµéÀ Åçûªí¬ (Ææ´÷-†çí¬) àüÁjØ√ ≤ƒCµç-îËç-ü¿’èπ◊ E®Ωgߪ’ç/ éπ%≠œ (§Ú®√-ô-Ææ÷p¥Jh) ÖçúËC. ¨»çA éÓÆæç í∫öÀd §Ú®√-ô¢Ë’ î˨»úø’. (¨»çA éÓÆæç §Ú®√ôç – Ñ ´÷ô™x ¢Áj®Ω’üµ¿uç í∫´’-Eç-îªçúÕ) Q. i) Who

do you like the most? Who/ Whom -

ii) Vis-a-vis

ÅØÌî√a?

È®çúø÷ éπÈ®-ÍédØ√? Åçõ‰ Å®Ωn-¢Ë’-N’öÀ? ᙫ Ö°æ-ßÁ÷-

Tç-î√L? - Dhana, OU Campus, Hyderabad.

A.

i) Who do you like most present day spoken English columns 'Whom' Modern English Indian speakers of English- 'Whom' Who

ÅØË Åçö«ç. Å™«Íí ™. ÅØ√L, ™ DE í∫’Jç* î√™«-≤ƒ®Ω’x N´Ñ ¢√úøéπç Jçî√ç. ™ ™‰ü¿’. ´’†™«çöÀ í∫’J* ûÁ©’-Ææ’-éÓ-†-éπ\-®Ω-™‰ü¿’. ¢√úøôç î√™« §ƒçúÕûªuç/ ví¬çC∑éπç. ii) Vis-a-vis- Pronunciation: OÇO/ OÅO. È®çúÕç-öÀ-™†÷, È®çúÓ O ØÌéÀ\-°æ-©’-èπ◊û√ç– Å®Ωnç. §ÚLa-îª÷ÊÆh, Ç Ææç•çüµ¿çí¬/ Ç ØË°æ-ü∑¿uç™. a) What do you think of India's relations with the US vis-a-vis Pakistan? =

Å¢Á’J-é¬ûÓ ¶µ«®Ωû˝ Ææç•ç-üµ∆©’, §ƒéÀ-≤ƒnØ˛ Ææç•çüµ∆-©ûÓ §ÚLa îª÷ÊÆh ᙫ ÖØ√o®·, F ÅGµv§ƒ-ߪ’ç™.

b) They are fighting tooth and nail for the withdrawal of new taxes =

éÌûªh °æ†’o© Ö°æÆæç£æ«®Ωù éÓÆæç ¢√∞¡Ÿx í∫öÀdí¬ §Ú®√-úø’-ûª’-Ø√o®Ω’. ÉC èπÿú≈ ûÁ©’Ææ’éÓçúÕ: Fight fire with fire =

´·©’x†’ ´·©’x-ûÓØË Bߪ’ôç. You set a thief to catch a thief. This is fighting fire with fire =

ãúÕ-§Ú-ûËØËç?/ N°∂æ-©-¢Á’i-ûËØËç? ¢√∞¡Ÿx ´÷vûªç í∫öÀd v°æߪ’-ûªo¢Ë’ î˨»®Ω’. Åçü¿’èπ◊ ¢√∞¡x†’ ´’†ç ¢Á’a-éÓ-¢√-LqçüË. All credit = ¢Á’a-éÓ-¢√-Lq† N≠æߪ’ç.

üÌçí∫†’ °æô’d-éÓ-´-ú≈-EéÀ ÉçéÓ üÌçí∫†’ EßÁ÷-Tçîªôç, ´·©’x†’ ´·©’xûÓ Bߪ’-úø¢Ë’.

È®jûª’-©èπ◊ é¬çvÈíÆˇ v°æ¶µº’ûªy Ö*ûª Nü¿’uû˝ Ææ®Ω°∂æ®√, ûÁ©’-í∫’-ü˨¡ç È®çúø’ ®Ω÷§ƒ-ߪ’©èπ◊ éÀ™ Gߪ’uç °æü∑¿éπç, äéπü∆EûÓ äéπöÀ §ÚLÊÆh ...

Q. Please explain: She neither returned the books nor paid the bill. Besides ......... (complete as directed) - NV Reddy, Ugranapalle

Q.

a) The residents of the new colony are fighting tooth and nail for a road and bus stop =

b) All credit to them for putting up a stiff fight. Doesn't matter if they lost=

b) Congress Govt's free power supply to farmers vis-avis TDP's promise of a kilo rice for two rupees =

A.

í∫öÀd °æô’d-ü¿-©ûÓ -§Ú®√úøôç.

Ç colony ¢√Ææ’©’ éÌûªh road, bus stop éÓÆæç ÇçüÓ-∞¡† îËÆæ’h-Ø√o®Ω’.

Çé¬çéπ~/ àüÓ ≤ƒCµç-î√-©ØË éÓJéπ a) They lost the match in the end, M.SURESAN ´÷vûª¢Ë’ î√©ü¿’. áçûª éπ≠d-°æ æ-úÁjØ√ but they did put up a good fight = ≤ƒCµç-î√-©ØË E®Ωgߪ’ç/ §Ú®√-ô-Ææ÷p¥Jh Å´-Ææ®Ωç. ãúÕ-§Ú-ߪ÷®Ω’, é¬F (ãúø-èπ◊çú≈ ÖçúËç-ü¿’èπ◊) c) Gandhi's desire for peace was matched Bv´ v°æߪ’-ûªo¢Ë’ î˨»®Ω’.

He has put up a good fight this time, and has won. IIM was his life time goal. His stand was IIM or his father's business. He would not study any other course.

(Ñ≤ƒJ àüÓ äéπöÀ ûË©’a-éÓ-¢√-©E v¨¡N’çî√úø’. IIM ™ îªü¿-¢√-©-ØËD ÅûªúÕ @N-ûªí∫´’uç. ÅûªúÕ ¢ÁjêJ, IIM í¬F, ™‰éπ-§ÚûË ¢√∞¡x Ø√†o ¢√u§ƒ®Ωçí¬F. ÉçÍé course îªü¿-´-èπÿ-úø-ü¿E.) goal = í∫´’uç

Åö Éö ûË™‰-ü∆éπ

§Ú®√ -úøôç/ v¨¡N’ç-îªôç.

3) He has put up a good fight this time.

a) The one that succeeds in life is always the one with fighting spirit =

(´’†Íéç £æ…E ï®Ω-í∫-èπ◊çú≈) áü¿’-®Ω’-

§Ú-®√ôç.

Besides not returning the books, she did not pay the bill.

Ñ È®çúø’ ¢√é¬u©èπ◊ ûËú≈ N´-Jç-îª-í∫-©®Ω’. ii) I am interested in reading. You are satisfied.

Ñ ¢√é¬u©’ à ÖØ√oßÁ÷ ûÁ©’-°æ-í∫-©®Ω’.

tense

™

- Bharathi, Hyderabad

A.

i) They were living in America -

í∫ûªç™ äéπ Ææ´’-ߪ’ç™ ïJ-T† °æE – Å°æ¤púø’ ¢√∞¡Ÿx America ™ E´-Æ œ-Ææ’h-Ø√o®Ω’ ÅE. They had been living in America Åçõ‰, í∫ûªç™ äéπ °æEéÀ-´·çüË ¢√∞¡Ÿx America ™ E´-Æœç-îªôç v§ƒ®Ωç-Gµç*, Ç °æE-ü∆é¬ ÖØ√o-®ΩE. They had been living in America when Roosevelt became the PresidentRoosevelt America Roosevelt President

Åüµ¿uèπ~◊úøßË’u-ô-°æp-öÀéÀ ¢√∞¡Ÿx ™ E´-Æœ-Ææ’h-Ø√o®Ω’– ¢√∞¡Ÿx Åçûª-èπ◊´·çüË Åéπ\úø ÖØ√o®Ω’, ÅßË’u´-®Ωèπ◊ èπÿú≈ ÖØ√o®Ω’ ÅE. ii) È®çúø÷ Present Tense éπü∆ (Are - Present Tense)

i) They were living in America. They had been living in America.

Spoken English -§ƒ-ûª -¢√u≤ƒ-©éÓÆæç -éÀxé˙ -îË-ߪ’ç-úÕ.. URL: http://www.eenadu.net/spoken/spoken.htm

-Ç-C-¢√®Ωç 9 -úÕÂÆç-•®Ω’ 2007

Ñ-Ø√-úø’ £j«-ü¿®√-¶«-ü˛

Q. Simple present tense subject singular verb 's' 'es' "I go to school"

™ ™ Ö†o-°æ¤púø’ èπ◊ í¬F, í¬F îË®√-L™ éπü∆. é¬E Å™« Öçúø-üÁç-ü¿’èπ◊? Éçü¿’™ 'I' singular éπü∆? He, she, it ¢Á·ü¿-™„j† singulars Ö†o-°æ¤púø’ Å™«çöÀ ¢√é¬u™x verb èπ◊ s/ es îË®Ω’-ûª’çC éπü∆? Ñ ÆæçüË£æ«ç B®Ωa-í∫-©®Ω’. - N. Bhanuchandar,

2

A. Simple present singulars 's'/ 'es' III person singular (He, she, it) s/ es 'I' first person singular s/ es you you plural subject You are, You were, You have been, etc.

èπÿ

™ ÅEo îË®Ωa®Ω’.

èπ◊ ´÷vûª¢Ë’ îË®Ω’≤ƒh®Ω’. 鬕öÀd ü∆EéÀ îË®Ωa®Ω’. Å™«Íí èπ◊ Å®Ωnç, †’´¤y/ †’ O’®Ω’ È®çúø÷. Å®·ûË í¬ØË á°æ¤púø÷ °æJ-í∫-ùÀ≤ƒhç–

Madhuvaripalem

ÉçTx-≠ˇ™ ¢Á·ûªhç verb patterns ™‰ü∆ model áEo? 275 ÖØ√o-ߪ’E îªC-¢√†’, Eï-¢Ë’Ø√? Å´Fo ÖçúË °æ¤Ææhéπç ûÁ©’-°æ-í∫-©®Ω’. ii) Compartive degree ™ Ö†o adjectives †’ Ö°æ-ßÁ÷-TçîË Ææçü¿-®√s¥-©†’ N´-Jç-îª-í∫-©®Ω’. iii) It is of no use. DE Å®Ωn-¢Ë’-N’öÀ? iv) Be + of ûÓ ÖçúË ¢√é¬u© í∫’Jç* ûÁ©’-°æ-í∫-©®Ω’.

Q. i)

ii)

O’ Ñ v°æ¨¡o é¬Ææh ÅÆæp≠ædçí¬ ÖçC. ü∆ü∆°æ¤ ÅEo adjectives †÷ comparative degree ™ ¢√úø’-ûª÷ØË Öçö«ç éπü∆? È®çúø’ Åçûªèπ◊ N’ç* Ö†o ´’†’-≠æfl-©†’, ´Ææ’h-´¤-©†’, N≠æ-ߪ÷-©†÷ §ÚLa-†-°æ¤p-úø™«x comparative degree ´Ææ÷hØË Öçô’çC. Åçõ‰ ´’†ç ¢√úø’-ûª÷ØË Öçö«ç éπü∆? Éçéπ ÅEo Ææçü¿-®√s¥©÷ Å¢Ë éπü∆? O’ ÆæçüË£æ«ç Ææp≠ædçí¬ ûÁ©-°æçúÕ. - T.Satyanarayana, Bhimavaram iii) It is of no use ÅE É°æpöÀ English ™ ņ-ôçA. i) English ™ ü∆ü∆°æ¤ 275 patterns Ö†oô’d ™‰ü¿’. It is no use Åçö«ç. It is no use talkÅçîªØ√. Å®·ûË Daily life ™ Å´-Ææ-®Ω-´’ßË’u, ing to a fool -´‚®Ω’^úÕûÓ ´÷ö«x-úøôç E®Ω’-°æßÁ÷í∫ç. Å®·ûË Be + of Åçõ‰– ÖçC/Å®·çC Informal/ formal writing ™ ´îËa, ¢√úË patÅØË Å®Ωnç ´Ææ’hçC. terns 45/ 50 éÀ N’ç¤. Patterns Åçûª èπÿ©ç-éπ≠æçí¬ Å¶µºu-Æœçéπ\-®Ω-™‰ü¿’. ´’†ç iv) a) He has been of great help to me = Åûªúø’ Ø√èπ◊ î√™« Ææ£æ…ߪ’çí¬ ÖØ√oúø’. conversation ¶«í¬ practise îËÆæ÷h, English îªü¿-´ôç, TV news telecasts Nçô÷çõ‰ b) She is of a noble mind = Öü∆-ûªh-¢Á’i† (íÌ°æp) ´’†Ææ’ éπ™«-Núø Ç¢Á’. patterns ûÓ Ææç•çüµ¿ç ™‰èπ◊çú≈ English ™ c) She is of Indian origin settled in the US= Ç¢Á’ ¶µ«®Ωûª Ææçûª-AéÀ îÁçC America ™ Æœn®Ω-°æcommunicate îËߪ’í∫©ç, Ææ’Ø√-ߪ÷Ææçí¬, ûª°æ¤p©’ ú≈f-Núø. d) They are of equal competence = -Ççí∫x-¶µ«-≠æ-ù 393 ™‰èπ◊çú≈. ¢√∞¡xçû√ äÍé ≤ƒ´’®Ωn uç Ö†o-¢√∞¡Ÿx. É™« Éçé¬ áØÁj oØ√ ®√´îª’a. Practise îËÆœ îª÷úøçúÕ. sentences

Q. A doctor treats patients tor treats the patients

-Å-ØË-C éπÈ®é¬d? A docéπÈ®é¬d? The patients Å-E -¢√-úÌ-î√a? -ûÁ-L-ߪ’-ñ‰-ߪ’í∫-©®Ω’.

- Dasaradhi Naik, Kasibugga A. A doctor treats patients, correct. The patients patients? question answer The patients correct. A doctor treats the patients in this area (Doctor patients treat patients in this area patients the a) A teacher teaches students students?- no answer. So, no 'the' before students) b) A teacher teaches the students who live on this colony. Question teacher students teach question answer, students who live in this colony

ÅE á°æ¤p-úøçö«ç? à ¢ËÆæ’-èπ◊çõ‰, ´ÊÆh Å°æ¤púø’ ņôç

ÅE

à †’ v°æ¨¡o ¢ËÆæ’-èπ◊çõ‰, ï¢√•’ ´Ææ’hçC 鬕öÀd, Ééπ\úø ¢√ú≈L.)

îË≤ƒhúø’? ÅE ÅE ´·çü¿’ (à

à

èπ◊

¢ËÆæ’-éÓçúÕ. Ç îËÆæ’hçC?– Ñ

ÉC î√™«-´’ç-C-éÌîËa ÆæçüË-£æ«¢Ë’. áéπ\-úø-®·Ø√ ¢√ú≈™«, èπÿúøü∆ ÅE ÆæçüË£æ«ç ´ÊÆh, Ç ´÷ôèπ◊ ´·çü¿’ à ÅØË v°æ¨¡o ¢ËÆæ’-éÓçúÕ. Answer ´ÊÆh, the ¢√úøçúÕ. ™‰èπ◊çõ‰ ¢√úø-éπçúÕ. 'the'

Lecturers in this college teach well.

Ééπ\úø lecturers ´·çü¿’ 'the' ¢√ú≈™«, èπÿúøü∆? question ¢Ëߪ’çúÕ: à (which) lecturers ¶«í¬ ¶Cµ-≤ƒh®Ω’? Answer: Lecturers in this college. É™« Ééπ\úø ÖçC 鬕öÀd, lecturers ´·çü¿’ 'the' ®√¢√L. Lecturers teach. Ééπ\úø lecturers ´·çü¿’ 'the' Å´-Ææ-®Ω´÷? à/ which lecturers teach? ÅØË question ¢Ëü∆lç– answer ™‰ü¿’ éπü∆? Åçü¿’-éπE, lecturers teach ņo sentence ™ lecturers ´·çü¿’ 'the' ¢√úøç.

èπ◊

ÅE ´Ææ’hçC éπü∆? Åçü¿’éπE students ´·çü¿’ 'the' ¢√úøû√ç.

I pr efer cof fee to tea

Q. i) What is your plan? What will be your plan?

Ñ È®çúø’ ¢√é¬u© Å®Ωnç äéπ-õ‰Ø√? à ¢√éπuç á°æ¤púø’ ¢√ú≈™ ûÁL-ߪ’-ñ‰-ߪ’-í∫-©®Ω’. ii) I prefer coffee to tea. Éçü¿’™ üËEE prefer îËÆœ-†ô’x? N´-Jç-îª-í∫-©®Ω’. - M.D. Mohiyoddin, Sangareddy.

A. i) What will be your plan? future

F v°æù«-Réπ ™. What would be your plan?- ÉC Ü£œ«ç-èπ◊ØË v°æÆæ’hûªç ≤ƒüµ¿uç é¬E N≠æߪ’ç. àN’öÀ?/ ᙫ Öçô’çC?

If you were elected Chief Minister, what would be your plan? = CM

†’´¤y É°æ¤púø’ í¬ áEo-éπ-®·ûË (É°æ¤pú≈ Å´-鬨¡ç ™‰ü¿’ éπü∆?) F v°æù«-Réπ àN’öÀ? Q.

éÀçC ´÷ô-©†’ Ççí∫xç™ à´’ç-ö«®Ó ûÁL-ߪ’ñ‰-ߪ’-í∫-©®Ω’. 1) Çí∫®Ωs¥ X´’ç-ûª’úø’; 2) Å©p-Ææç-ûÓ≠œ; 3) Å≤ƒüµ¿’uúø’; 4) üË´¤úÕ v°æ≤ƒü¿ç; 5) Ø√èπ◊ ≤Òçûª É©’xçC; 6) Ø√èπ◊ Éü¿l®Ω’ éÌúø’-èπ◊©’; 7) EÆæp%£æ«; 8) öà «x-Jçü∆?; 9) ÅFo é¬ßª’-™‰Ø√?; 10) ôd°æ¤ îª÷°æ¤; 11) E®Ω’-üÓu-í∫-¶µº%A; 12) îªçvü¿-´’çúø©ç; 13) ¶µº÷íÓ∞¡ç. - G. Ashok, Godhur

A. 1) Born rich, 2) easily pleased, 3) a tough guy/ a tough customer, 4) God's grace/ gift, 5) I own a house/ My home is my own, 6) I have two sons, 7) Despair, 8) Has the tea gone cold? Is the tea cold enough (to drink)? = 9) Are all of them raw?, 10) One of somebody's occasional visits/ a casual visit, 11) Unemployment allowance, 12) The lunar region/ world, 13) The globe.

(«x-J-§Ú-®·çü∆?

Åçõ‰ û√Ííç-ü¿’èπ◊ O™‰xèπ◊çú≈), û√Ííç-ü¿’èπ◊ O©-®·†çûªí¬ x-•-úÕçü∆?,

Q. i) I am given

I will give you Rs. 1000/-. What will be your plan? = plan

ii) I was given

iii) I will be given.

؈’ Fèπ◊ ¢Ë®· àN’öÀ? ®Ω÷§ƒ-ߪ’-L-≤ƒh†’. F

ÉN éπÈ®-ÍédØ√? OöÀ Å®√n©’, õ„ØÁqÆˇ N´-Jç-îª-í∫-©®Ω’.

If I gave you Rs. 1000/-. What would be your plan? =

- Ch. Ranjith Kumar, Medak.

A. O’ sentences ÅEoç-öÀ™  verb, Be ؈’ Fèπ◊ form + participle [am/ was/ will be (be ¢Á®·u ®Ω÷§ƒ-ߪ’©’ Éî√a-†-†’éÓ M.SURESAN forms) + given (past participle)] Åçõ‰ (É´yôç ™‰ü¿’) F plan àN’öÀ? verb is in the passive voice- Å®Ωnç ᙫ ´Ææ’hçC? What would be your plan? ņo-°æ¤púø’ DE i) I am given = ØËE-´y-•-úø-û√†’, Ééπ\úø, N’í∫û√ ´·çü¿J sentence (conversation ™) †’ •öÀd È®çúø’ sentences ™ èπÿú≈ '؈’— àC É´y-•-úøÉC ÆæÈ®j-†ü∆, é¬ü∆? ÆæÈ®jûË Å®Ωnç ᙫ Öçô’çû√ØÓ îÁ°æp-™‰ü¿’. Åçõ‰ O’ sentences äéπ ü¿E îÁ°æp-´îª’a. Independent í¬ äÍé senNüµ¿çí¬ correct. O’ sentence †’ É™« tence í¬ What would be your plan? ÆæJimporve îËߪ’-´îª’a. é¬ü¿’. What will be your plan? is correct. I am given homework everyday. (v°æA-®ÓW ii) I prefer coffee to tea ņo-°æ¤púø’ coffee ØË pre؈’ homework É´y-•-úø-û√†’ – ´÷´‚©’ fer îËÆ œ-†ô’d. Prefer ¢ÁçôØË ´îËa-ü∆ØËo ´’†ç ûÁ©’-í∫’™, v°æA-®ÓW Ø√èπ◊ home work É≤ƒh®Ω’) prefer îËÆ œ-†ô’d.

Q. i) The wall.

C ¢√™¸/ ü¿ ¢√™¸ -à-C éπÈ®é˙d?

ii) Which tense do we use with 'ever' and 'never'? with simple present or present perfect? Please clarify. - Adyan, Warangal A. i)

ûÁ©’í∫’ ¨¡¶«l©’, Å, Ç, É, Ñ, Ö, Ü, á, à, â, ä, ã, å– Ñ ¨¡¶«l™x üËE-ûÓ-ØÁjØ√ v§ƒ®Ωç-¶µº´’ßË’u English ´÷ô© ´·çü¿’, the E 'C— í¬ °æ©’-èπ◊û√ç. N’í∫û√ ¨¡¶«l© ´·çü¿’ 'the' E 'ü¿— í¬ °æ©’-èπ◊û√ç. Wall- ¢√™¸ éπü∆? Å †’ç* å ´®Ω-èπ◊†o ¨¡¶«l-©™ ¢√ (wall) ™‰ü¿’ éπü∆? Åçü¿’-éπE the wall= ü¿ ¢√™¸ ÅØË Åçö«ç. C wall ÆæJ-é¬ü¿’. The (C) egg (áí˚); ü¿ book. The (C) idea (â); The (ü¿) university (Å †’ç* å ´®Ω-èπ◊†o ¨¡¶«l™x ߪ‚ ™‰ü¿’ 鬕öÀd)

ii) ever

(á°æ¤púø÷/ á°æ¤p-úÁjØ√), never (á°æ¤púø÷ ™‰ü¿’/ á°æ¤púø÷ é¬ü¿’)– OöÀE we can use

them in almost all tenses. a) Nothing good ever happens here (present tense)

ii) I was given -

؈’ É´y-•-ú≈f†’– past ™ àN’-´y•-ú≈f®Ω’? ÅØË v°æ¨¡oèπ◊ answer Öçõ‰ sentence improve Å´¤-ûª’çC. I was given a prize =

؈’ •£æ›-´’A É´y-•-ú≈f†’ (Ø√èπ◊ •£æ›-´’A É´y•-úÕçC). ´÷´‚©’ ûÁ©’í∫’ – Ø√èπ◊ •£æ›-´’A Éî√a®Ω’/ ´*açC. iii) I will be given = ØËE-´y-•-úø-û√†’/ Ø√èπ◊ É´y-•-úø’ûª’çC (Future ™). àC? I will be given the money =

Ø√èπ◊ úø•’s É´y-•-úø’-ûª’çC (Ø√èπ◊ úøGs-≤ƒh®Ω’, future ™) I am given - Present simple (PV) I was given - Past simple (PV) I will be given - Future simple (PV)

Q. Naturally, certainly, by the by, any how, by all means

™«çöÀ °æü∆©’ éÌEo ûÁ©’-°æ-í∫-©®Ω’.

- N.P. Santosh Kumar, Secunderabad. A. Common sentence beginings in spoken English.

b) Have you ever seen such a movie (present perfect)

1) How about ... ?/ What about ... ?

c) Did he ever help you when he was alive? (past)

3) In the first instance

d) Will you ever understand this? (future), etc. Same is the case with 'never' a) He never comes here (Pr. tense) b) He never knew about this (when he was alive)- Past c) He will never know (Future), etc.

2) At long last

(*´-JéÀ/ áôd-Íé-©èπ◊) (¢Á·ü¿ô/ ÅÆæ©’)

In the first instance why did you go there at all?

(ÅÆæ©’ †’¢Áyç-ü¿’-Èé-Rx-†-ôx-éπ\-úÕéÀ?)

4) As long as .../ so long as ... As long as money plays a role in elections we can't have real democracy.

(ÅC

ÅßË’uçûª/ ÖçúË ´®Ωèπ◊)

(áEo-éπ™x úø•’s §ƒvûª ÖçúË-´-®Ωèπ◊, Eï-¢Á’i† v°æñ«-≤ƒy´’uç Öçúøü¿’)

5) In case/ if/ suppose/ given/ assuming, etc. 6) Surely/ by no means/ at any rate/ at any cost, etc.

Spoken English -§ƒ-ûª -¢√u≤ƒ-©éÓÆæç -éÀxé˙ -îË-ߪ’ç-úÕ.. URL: http://www.eenadu.net/spoken/spoken.htm

-´’çí∫-∞¡-¢√®Ωç 11 -úÕÂÆç-•®Ω’ 2007 Nischala: Poor Jwala. Her brother has come to a bad end. (I have) been expecting it, the way he was carrying on. Nikhila:

Yea. Getting drunk all the time and moving with anti social characters. Her father tried to give him good education, and launch him on a good career, but that couldn't be.

(Å´¤†’. á°æ¤púø÷ û√T Å≤ƒç-°∂œ’éπ ¨¡èπ◊h©ûÓ A®Ω-í∫úøç. ¢√∞¡x Ø√†o Åûª-úÕE ¶«í¬ îªC-Nç*, ´’ç* ÖüÓu-í∫ç™ ÖçúËô’x îËÊÆç-ü¿’èπ◊ v°æߪ’-Aoç-î√®Ω’, é¬F ÅC ï®Ω-í∫™‰-éπ-§Ú-®·çC.) Nischala: What's it now? Six months in jail, is it?

(à´’-®·ç-C-°æ¤púø’? Ç®Ω’-ØÁ-©© ñ„j©’ Pé~¬?) Nikhila:

Something like that, I've been told.

(Å™«ç-öÀüË– Ø√Èé-´®Ó îÁ§ƒp®Ω’.) Nischala: Jwala used to tell me that her dad was at the end of the rope trying to set right her brother.

(ñ«y© Ø√ûÓ Åçô÷ç-úËC– ûª† ûª´·t-úÕE ´’ç* ´÷®Ω_ç™ °õ‰dç-ü¿’èπ◊ ¢√∞¡x Ø√†o v°æߪ’ûªoç îËÆœ Å©-Æœ-§Ú-ߪ÷-úøE.) Nikhila:

Well, that appears to be the end of story for him.

(Åçûª-öÀûÓ ÅûªúÕ éπü∑¿ ´·T-Æœ-†-ô’xçC.) Nischala: But there is still hope for him. The six months in jail may change him, and he can still have a good career. This may not be the end of the world for him, may it?

Ñ-Ø√-úø’ £j«-ü¿®√-¶«-ü˛

2

Nischala: He won't be here. His father has taken a positive view of it. He feels this is not the end of the world for his son. He would go to the ends of the earth to resettle him at some other place.

(Åûª-úÕ-éπ\úø Öçúøúø’. ¢√∞¡} Ø√†o ÅûªúÕ í∫’Jç* Ææ’´·ê ¢Ájê-J-ûÓØË ÖØ√oúø’. Çߪ’† v°æ鬮Ωç ÉüËç ÅûªúÕ @N-ûªç™ Åûªuçûª Åüµ∆y-†-¢Á’iç-Cí¬ Å†’-éÓ-´ôç ™‰ü¿’. Åûª-úÕéÀ ÉçéÓîÓô °æ¤†-®√-¢√Ææç éπLpçîË Bv´ v°æߪ’ûªoç îËÆæ’h-Ø√oúø’). Nikhila:

Let's hope for the best.

(´’çîË ÇPü∆lç).








c) It's no surprize Sanjay Dutt has come to a bad end. He should not have been found in possession of weapons =




Sanjay Dutt

èπ◊ Péπ~ °æúøôç™ Ǩ¡a®Ωuç àç ™‰ü¿’. -ûª-† ü¿í∫_®Ω Çߪ·üµ∆©’ Öç-éÓ-¢√-Lqç-C é¬ü¿’.

Spoken English

™ î√™« ûª®Ω-îª’í¬ ¢√úø-í∫©, Éûª-®Ω’-©èπ◊ Ææ’©-¶µºçí¬ Å®Ωn-´’ßË’u ´÷ô©’, 'end' ûÓ éπLÆœ ´îËa ¢√öÀE ûÁ©’-Ææ’-èπ◊E ´’† conversation ™ practise îËü∆lç. Look at the following sentences from the dialogue above. 1) Her brother has come to a bad end. 2) ..... her dad was at the end of the rope trying to set right her brother. 3) Well, that appears to be end of story for him.

come to a bad end = come to a sticky end. 2) At the end of the rope =

àüÁjØ√ v°æߪ’ûªoç îËÆœ Å©-Æœ-§Ú-´úøç/ NÆœ-T¢Ë≤ƒ®Ωúøç. a) The teacher was at the end of her rope teaching the boys maths =

-Ççí∫x-¶µ«-≠æ-ù

394

ûª† Nü∆u-®Ω’n-©èπ◊ í∫ùÀûªç ØË®√p-©ØË v°æߪ’-ûªoç™ Ç¢Á’ NÆœT ¢Ë≤ƒ-J§Ú-®·çC.

a) The judge told Sanjay Dutt that the punishment was not the end of the world for him, and that he had a lot of future ahead = Ñ Péπ~ûÓ Åçû√ Å®·-§Ú-™‰-ü¿E, ÅûªúÕéÀ Éçé¬ ´’ç* ¶µºN-≠æu-ûª’hç-ü¿E, Ø√uߪ’-´‚Jh Ææçïß˝’ ü¿û˝ûÓ ÅØ√oúø’. b) This failure in this exam need not be the end of the world for you. Try again and you will succeed = fail

Ñ °æK-éπ~™ Å´-úøçûÓ Åçû√ Å®·-§Ú-®·-†õ‰xç é¬ü¿’. ´’Sx °æKéπ~ ®√®·. pass Å´¤-û√´¤. end of the world á°æ¤púø÷ not ûÓØË ¢√úøû√ç. 5) The be all and end all of (life) =

@Nûª °æ®Ω-´÷-´Cµ. (@N-ûªç™ ÅEoöÀéπçõ‰ ´·êu¢Á’iç-Cí¬ ¶µ«Nç-îËC). a) Money is not the be all and end all of life, is it? =

(That's) the end of stor y

(Å®·Ø√ àO’ Å®·-§Ú-™‰-ü¿’™‰. Éçé¬ éÌçûª Ǩ¡ ÖçC. Ç®Ω’ ØÁ©© jail Åûª-úÕ™ ´÷®Ω’p BÆæ’-èπ◊-®√-´îª’a; Éçé¬ Åûªúø’ @N-ûªç™ ¶«í¬ Æœn®Ω-°æ-úø-´îª’a. Åçû√ Å®·§Ú-®·-†ô’x é¬ü¿’ éπü∆?) Nikhila:

What do you mean? With this conviction can he get any job?

(àçöÀ F ÖüËl¨¡ç, àç Å®·-§Ú-™‰ü¿’™‰ ņúøç™? Ñ Péπ~ûÓ Åûª-úÕÍé´’Ø√o ÖüÓuí∫ç ´Ææ’hçü∆?) conviction = court üÓ≠æfl-©èπ◊ NCµçîË Péπ~ Nischala: A job in government service or a private organisation is not the be all and end all of life, is it?

(v°æ¶µº’-ûÓy-üÓuí∫ç é¬F, private ÆæçÆæn™ ÖüÓuí∫ç é¬F @Nûª °æ®Ω-´÷-´Cµ é¬ü¿’ éπü∆?) Nikhila:

What else can he do?

(ÉçÍéç îËߪ’í∫©-úø-ûª†’?) Nischala: He can jolly well run his father's business. It's profitable business and he can assist his father.

(¢√∞¡x Ø√†o ¢√u§ƒ®Ωç îªéπ\í¬/ £æ…®·í¬ îËÆæ’-éÓ-´îª’a. ¢√∞¡x ¢√u§ƒ®Ωç ™«¶µ«™x ÖçC. Åûªúø’ ¢√∞¡x Ø√†oèπ◊ ≤ƒßª’ç îËߪ’´îª’a.) jolly well = £æ…®·í¬ You can jolly well talk what you like but action is not that easy.

= ´÷ô©’ £æ…®·í¬ îÁ§Òpa, FÍéç. îËÊÆ-ô-°æ¤púø’ ûÁ©’-Ææ’hçC Åçûª Ææ’©¶µºç é¬ü¿E. Nikhila:

It seems he is repentant.

(Åûªúø’ î√™« °æ¨»a-û√h-°æp-úø’ûª’†oô’dçC.) Nischala: That he is.

(Å´¤†’.) Nikhila:

But people don't forget things so soon, you know.

(é¬F v°æï©’ É™«çöÀ N≠æ-ߪ÷-©†’ Åçûª Ææ’©-¶µºçí¬ ´’Ja-§Ú®Ω’ éπü∆?)

4) This may not be the end of the world for him.

b) I am at the end of my rope. I can't any more make them understand this =

5) A job ... is not the be all and end all of life.

úø¶‰s @Nûª °æ®Ω-´÷´Cµ é¬ü¿’ éπü∆?

b) His career is the be all and end all of his life =

ÅûªúÕ ÖüÓu-í∫¢Ë’/ ¢√u°æéπ¢Ë’ ÅûªúÕ @Nûª °æ®Ω-´÷´Cµ.

c) Cricket appears to be the be all and end all of his life =

véÀÈéö¸ ÅûªúÕ @Nûª °æ®Ω-´÷-´-Cµí¬ ÅE°œ-≤ÚhçC. ؈’ NÆœ-T-¢Ë-≤ƒ-J-§Ú-ߪ÷†’. ¢√∞¡xéà N≠æߪ’ç Å®Ωn-´’-ßË’uô’x îÁߪ’u-™‰†’. 3) End of story = éπü∑¿ ´·T-Æ œ-†õ‰x/ äéπ N≠æߪ’ç í∫’Jç*é¬F äéπ ´uéÀhE í∫’Jç* é¬F Éçéπ îÁÊ°pçü¿’èπ◊ àO’-™‰ü¿’/ îÁ§ƒpLqç-ü¿çû√ Å®·-§Ú-®·-†õ‰x.

6) He would go to the ends of the earth for his son. 1) Come to a bad end=

6) Go to the ends of the earth =

N¨¡y-v°æ-ߪ’ûªoç îËߪ’úøç/ áçûª v¨¡´’ÈéjØ√ Æœü¿l¥-°æúÕ v°æߪ’ûªoç îËߪ’úøç, àü¿-®·Ø√ ≤ƒCµç-îËç-ü¿’èπ◊

ü¿’®Ωt-®Ωùç §Òçü¿úøç, Péπ~ §Òçü¿úøç, ´·êuçí¬ M.SURESAN Ææyߪ’ç-éπ%-û√-°æ-®√üµ¿ç ´©x (ûª† ´’®Ω-ù«EéÀ/ ûª†èπ◊ °æúÕ† Péπ~èπ◊ ûªØË é¬®Ω-ù-¢Á’iûË) (àüÁjØ√ a) Well, he is not coming here. That's the ´‚úøôç) end of story = Åûª-úÕ-éπ\-úÕéÀ ®√´úøç ™‰ü¿’. ÅçûË. (Ééπ îÁ§ƒp-LqçüËç ™‰ü¿E.) a) Saddam Hussain came to a bad end,

a) Gandhi went to the ends of the earth to unite Hindus and Muslims =

b) He told his father that he'd marry only that girl. (That's) the end of story =

b) Some of our elected representatives would go to the ends of the earth to amass wealth =

because of his inhuman behaviour =

ûª† Å´÷-†’≠æ v°æ´-®Ωh† ´©x Ææü∆lç £æ›ÊÆØ˛ Å™«çöÀ ´’®Ωùç §Òçü∆úø’. b) The way he is acting, he will certainly come to a bad end:

¢√úÕ îËûª©’ îª÷Ææ’hçõ‰ ¢√úÕ-ÍéüÓ îÁúø’ ï®Ω’-í∫’ûª’çC/ ¢√úÕ-ÍéüÓ ´‚úÕçC. EXERCISE Match the words under A with their meanings under B. A B 1. Indifferent A false 2. Violate B bogus 3. Launch C break 4. Adjourn D uninterested 5. Fake E postpone F start G spend Answers 1-D; uninterested =

v¨¡ü¿l¥-™‰E/ îª÷°æE,

E®Ωxéπ~uç îËÊÆ. Some doctors and nurses in govt hospitals are indifferent to the patients' health = doctors, nurses

v°æ¶µº’û√yÆæ’°æ-vûª’™x éÌçûª-´’çC ®Óí∫’©†’ E®Ωxéπ~uç îË≤ƒh®Ω’/ °æöÀdç--éÓ®Ω’. He is indifferent to studies =

¢√úÕéÀ îªü¿’´¤ O’ü¿ v¨¡ü¿l¥-™‰ü¿’. Indifferent ûª®√yûª to ´Ææ’hçC.

Ç Ç´÷t-®·ØË Â°Rx-îË-Ææ’-èπ◊ç-ö«-†E ¢√∞¡x Ø√†oûÓ îÁÊ°p-¨»úø’. ÅçûË. Ééπ îÁ§ƒp-Lqç-üËç-™‰ü¿’. 4) Not the end of the world = Åçû√ Å®·§Ú-®·†ô’x é¬ü¿’. (´’ç* ï®Ω-í∫-´îª’a, É°æ¤púø’ èπÿú≈) (ï®Ωí¬-Lq† îÁúø’ Åçû√ ï®Ω-í∫-™‰ü¿’.)

No parent can be indifferent to their child's welfare =

à ûªLxü¿çvúø’©’ èπÿú≈ ûª´’ °œ©x© ÆæçÍé~´’ç °æôx E®Ωx-éπ~uçí¬ Öçúø®Ω’. Indifferent X concerned (Çü¿’-®√l°æúË, ÇÆæéÀh îª÷Ê°) 2. violate - (C) break= Ö©xç-°∂œ’ç-îªúøç/ ÅA-véπ-N’ç-îªúøç (E•ç-üµ¿-†©’/ îªö«d© ™«çöÀ ¢√öÀE) The police fined him for violating traffic rules=

vö«°∂œé˙ E•ç-üµ¿-†©’ ÅA-véπ-N’ç-*-†ç-ü¿’èπ◊, §ÚM-Ææ’©’ Åûª-úÕéÀ -ï-J-´÷-Ø√ NCµç-î√®Ω’. violate X observe (§ƒöÀç-îªúøç) Observe traffic rules = (Traffic

E•ç-üµ¿-†-©†’ §ƒöÀç-îªçúÕ.) 3. launch = (F) start = v§ƒ®Ωç-Gµç-îªúøç – àüÁjØ√ °ü¿l áûª’h†, ã Öü¿u-´’癫 v§ƒ®Ωç-Gµç-îªúøç. The minister, launched pulse polio programme/ campaign last sunday = polio

´’çvA

鬮Ωu-véπ´’ç/

£œ«çü¿÷, ´·Æœxç âéπu-ûª-éÓÆæç í¬çDµ N¨¡y v°æߪ’ûªoç î˨»úø’/ áçûÓ v¨¡´’ûÓ v°æߪ’-Aoçî√úø’.

Ææç°æü¿ èπÿúø-¶„-ô’d-éÓ-´-ú≈-EéÀ, àüÁjØ√/ -à v°æߪ’-ûªo¢Á’iØ√ îË≤ƒh®Ω’. adjourn X complete/ conclude

E®Ω÷t-©† Öü¿u-´÷Eo éÀçü¿öÀ ÇC-¢√®Ωç v§ƒ®Ωç-Gµç-î√®Ω’. Rockets, satellites ™«çöÀ ¢√öÀE éπéπ~u-™éÀ, éÌûªh ؈éπ†’ ï™«-™xéÀ v°æ¢Ë-¨¡-°ôdúøç èπÿú≈ launch. launch X terminate (´·Tç-îªúøç ) pronunciation- ™«çî˝. 4. Adjourn- Åï-Ø˛– ï, bird ™ '•— ™«– 'ï— ØÌéÀ\°æ©’-èπ◊û√ç= (E) postpone– Æ涵º©÷, Ææ´÷-¢Ë-¨»©÷, ´·êuçí¬ court proceedings (鬮Ωu-éπ-™«-§ƒ©’) û√û√\L-éπçí¬ Ç°æúøç/ ¢√®·-ü∆-¢Ë-ߪ’úøç. The speaker (of the assembly) adjourned the assembly till Monday =

ÅÂÆçHx Åüµ¿u-èπ~◊úø’ Ææ´÷-¢Ë¨»Eo ≤Ú´’-¢√®Ωç ´®Ωèπ◊ EL-Ê°-¨»®Ω’/ ≤Ú´’-¢√-®√-EéÀ ¢√®·ü∆ ¢Ë¨»®Ω’.

The judge adjourned the case till the next month= case case

Ø√uߪ’-´‚Jh †’ ´îËa ØÁ©èπ◊ ¢√®·ü∆ ¢Ë¨»®Ω’/ N≠æ-ߪ÷-©†’ ´îËa ØÁ© ´®Ωèπ◊ ǧƒ®Ω’.

( °æ‹Jh îËߪ’úøç/ ´·Tç-îªúøç) °∂-ß˝’é˙= (B) bogus- •÷ôéπ°æ¤/ ´÷ߪ’/ †éÀM/ N’ü∑¿u. News papers ™ îªü¿’-´¤-ûª’çö«ç éπü∆: Fake encounters = •÷ô-éπ°æ¤ Åéπ-≤ƒtû˝ ´·ë«-´·" §Ú®√ôç. Öü∆: Police, ´÷-N-Æˇd©’ ņ’-éÓ-èπ◊çú≈ äéπ-J-éÌ-éπ®Ω’ áü¿’-®Ω’-°æ-úÕ-†-°æ¤púø’ ïJÍí §Ú®√ôç, encounter. ņ’-éÓ-èπ◊çú≈ àüÁjØ√ éπ≥ƒd©’ áü¿’-®Ω-´úøç,

5. Fake-

encounter. The West Bengal government encountered opposition in Nandigram =

†çC-ví¬ç™ v°æ¶µº’-û√y-EéÀ v°æA-°∂æ’-ô† (ņ’-éÓ-èπ◊çú≈) áü¿’-®Ω-®·uçC. Fake notes= †éÀM currency ØÓô’x/ üÌçí∫ ØÓô’x He faked innocence = Åûªúø’ Å´÷ߪ’-éπûªyç †öÀç-î√úø’. fake X genuine (ñ„†÷u-®·Ø˛) = ÅÆæ©-®·†, ¢√Ææh-´-¢Á’i†/ Eï-¢Á’i†.

Spoken English -§ƒ-ûª -¢√u≤ƒ-©éÓÆæç -éÀxé˙ -îË-ߪ’ç-úÕ.. URL: http://www.eenadu.net/spoken/spoken.htm

í∫’®Ω’-¢√®Ωç 13 -úÕÂÆç-•®Ω’ 2007

Ñ-Ø√-úø’ £j«-ü¿®√-¶«-ü˛

Jayanthi: You appear very down today. What could be wrong?

(î√™« Nî√-®Ωçí¬ éπE-°œ-Ææ’h-Ø√o´¤. à´’®·çC? à´’®· ÖçúÌa? down= Nî√-®Ωçí¬/ E®√-¨¡í¬/ EÆæp %£æ«í¬) Vinathi: I've failed to make it to the civils a second time. You can imagine my disappointment. Try as I might, I'm unable to get over it. (Civils exam

´’Sx pass 鬙‰-éπ-§Ú-ߪ÷†’. Ø√ E®√¨¡ †’´‹y-£œ«ç--éÓ-í∫-©´¤. áçûª v°æߪ’-Aoç-*Ø√ Ç EÆæp %-£æ«†’ ´÷vûªç §ÚíÌ-ô’d-éÓ-™‰-éπ-§Ú-ûª’-Ø√o†’.) get over= (¶«üµ¿-™«çöÀ ¢√öÀE) ÅCµ-í∫-N’ç-îªúøç. Jayanthi: Cheer up Vinathi. Keep your end up. IAS is not the end of the road for you.

(¶«üµ¿-°æ-úøèπ◊. E®√¨¡ éπL-TçîË N≠æ-ߪ’¢Ë’. Å®·-§Ú-®·ç-Cí¬. ´’®Ω-*-§Ú®· Ö™«x-Ææçí¬ Öçúø’. DçûÓ àç Å®·-§Ú-™‰-ü¿’í¬) Vinathi: That has been life time ambition, you know.

(ÅC Ø√ @Nûª Ǩ¡-ߪ’çí¬ ÖçúÕçC, ûÁ©’≤ƒ?) Jayanthi: Well, civils is not the career that ends all careers, Vinathi. There are other careers as bright as, or even brighter than IAS or IPS. careers civils (IAS/ IPS

(ÅEo éπçõ‰

2

(ÉçéÓ-≤ƒJ v°æߪ’-Ao≤ƒh. ´÷ cousin v°æùA È®çúÓ-≤ƒJ select Å®·çC. ûª† í∫’Jç* áçûÓ (íÌ°æpí¬) ņ’-èπ◊ç-öçC. ´÷ ö«d©’ èπÿú≈ ´’´’tLo §Ú©’-Ææ’hçö«®Ω’. 鬕öÀd ؈’ ûª°æp-èπ◊çú≈ IAS 鬢√LqçüË.) give something a try = v°æߪ’-Aoç* îª÷úøôç/ v°æߪ’-Aoç-îªúøç– ÉC conversational. O’®Ω÷ practise îËߪ’çúÕ. Jayanthi: All the best to you then. By the bye has Unnathi called you?

(Fèπ◊ Nïߪ’ç ©Gµç-î√L. ÅC ÆæÍ®. Ö†oA FÍé-´’Ø√o phone îËÆœçü∆?) Vinathi: No. I've been waiting for it for weeks on end. I will call her today.

(¢√®√-©’í¬ ü∆E-éÓ-Ææ¢Ë’ îª÷¨». ؈’ phone îË≤ƒhE¢√y∞¡)











2) A career that ends all careers (something that ends all somethings) =

äÍé ®Ωé¬-EéÀ îÁçC† ¢√öÀ™x äéπöÀ N’í∫û√ ¢√ô-Eoç-öÀ-éπçõ‰ N’†oí¬ Öçúøôç/ ´·êuçí¬ Öçúøôç. a) At last, he thought he had bought a car that would end all cars = car car b) The youth of today think that a software job in the US is the career that ends all software job careers = career

© éπçõ‰ íÌ°æp

*´-JéÀ ÅEo éÌØ√o-†E ņ’-èπ◊-Ø√oúø’.

Å¢Á’-J-鬙 ÉçÍé éÀçü¿öÀ lesson ™ spoken English/ daily converéπØ√o íÌ°æpC/ ´·êu-¢Á’i-†-Cí¬ ¶µ«N-Ææ’h™ ûª®Ωîª÷ end ûÓ ´îËa éÌEo expressions Ø√o®Ω’ ÑØ√öÀ ߪ·´ûª. ÉC Ñ ´’üµ¿u ¶«í¬ îª÷¨»ç éπü∆? ´’J-éÌEo ¢√úø’-ûª’†o expressionexpressions É°æ¤púø’ ûÁ©’practice îËߪ’çúÕ. Ææ’-èπ◊çü∆ç. ÉN O’®Ω’ O’ Here is at last the conversation ™ ¢√úÕ movie that ends all îª÷úøçúÕ. áçûª effective Ç çí∫ x ¶ µ « ≠ æ ù movies = 395 í¬ Öçö«ßÁ÷ ûÁ©’-Ææ’hçC. sation

At the end of the day expression mon

í¬ NE-°œçîË àüÁj-ûËØËç/ *´-JéÀ.

a) At the end of the day, how hard you've worked is not important, how much you've scored/ what marks you've got is important =

àüË-¢Á’iØ√/ *´-®Ωèπ◊/ á´-È®jØ√ îª÷ÊÆC, †’´¤y áçûª éπ≠d-°æ æúÕ îªC-¢√-´E é¬ü¿’, FÈéEo marks ´î√a-ߪ’E.

b) At the end of the day what we've said matters, not what we feel =

*´-JéÀ ´’†ç à´’-†’-èπ◊ç-ô’-†oC é¬ü¿’, ´’†ç àç îÁ§ƒp-´’-†oüË °æöÀdç--èπ◊ç-ö«-È®-´-È®jØ√. 4) End of the road/ the line = *´J ü¿¨¡/ àüÁjØ√ ´·†’-°æ-öÀ™« é̆-≤ƒ-Tç-îª-™‰E ÆœnA. a) Nutanprasad's injury was the end of the road for him = (shooting

†÷ûª-Ø˛-v°æ-≤ƒÆæ´’ü˛èπ◊ ߪ’ç™) Å®·† í¬ßª’çûÓ Çߪ’† ´÷´‚©’ †ô† Åçûª-¢Á’i-§Ú-®·çC/ †ô-††’ é̆-≤ƒ-Tç-îª-™‰-éπ-§Ú-ߪ÷®Ω’.

Keep your end up

™«çöÀN) ´÷vûª¢Ë’ íÌ°æpN/ ´·êu-¢Á’i-†O 鬴¤ éπü∆? ÅçûªíÌ-°æpO, Åçûª-éπçõ‰ íÌ°æpO, Éûª®Ω careers ÖØ√o®· éπü∆?) Vinathi: Well, that's a poor consolation you know. You can never get rid of the feeling that you could not achieve what you wanted to. It keeps eating you up.

(Å™« ņ’-èπ◊E Ææ®Ω’l-èπ◊-§Ú-¢√-LqçüË. é¬E ´’†ç ņ’-èπ◊-†oC ≤ƒCµç-îª-™‰-éπ-§Ú-ߪ÷-´’ØË ¶µ«´ç ´’†Lo ´ü¿-©ü¿’ éπü∆? ÅC ´’†Lo ¶«Cµ-Ææ÷hØË Öçô’çC.) get rid of = ´C-Lç--éÓ-´úøç consolation= ãü∆®Ω’p, poor consolation = ÆæÈ®j† ãü∆®Ω’p é¬ü¿’ Jayanthi: That's true. Any way you've kept your end of the deal. 'Do what you ought to do, and leave to God the rest', says the Geetha. So don't worry.

(ÅC Eï¢Ë’. †’´¤y îËߪ’-í∫-L-Tçü¿çû√ †’´¤y î˨»´¤ éπü∆? '†’´¤y îËߪ÷LqçC †’´¤y îÁß˝’. °∂æLûªç üË´¤-úÕ-éÌ-C™„ß˝’—, ÅØ√oúø’ °æ®Ω-´÷-ûª’túø’ Uûª™.

Vinathi: I'm afraid that hardly comforts me. At the end of the day, it is the result that matters, and not your effort.

(ÅC Ø√éπçûª Ü®Ωô éπL-Tç-îªúøç ™‰ü¿’. àüË-´’Ø√o, ´’†¢Ë’ç ≤ƒCµç-î √-´’-ØËüË ´·êuç é¬F, ´’†ç áçûª v°æߪ’ûªoç î˨»´’E é¬ü¿’ éπü∆?) matters = ´·êu-´’-´ôç.

Look at the following expressions from the conversation above: 1) Keep your end up 3) Keep (somebody's) end of the 2) Civils is not the career that ends deal = all careers 3) You've kept your end of the deal a) The bowlers have done their 4) At the end of the road, it is the job. The batsmen should now keep result that matters, not the effort. their end of the deal = Bowlers M.SURESAN 5) She thinks no end of herself 6) I've been waiting for it for weeks on end. batsmen 1) Keep (somebody's) end up = continue to be happy and cheerful even in difficulties = b) Son, I've paid your fees, bought you all the books and provided all that you need. a) Sita, wife of lord Sri Rama, kept her end Now, you keep your end of the deal = up even during her stay in the forests = fees

*´-JéÀ ´*açC ÅÆæ©’ *vûªç– N’í∫-û√¢√-öÀ-éπØ√o íÌ°æpC

ûª†-´çûª’ °æE û√†’ îËߪ’úøç/ ûª† ¶«üµ¿u-ûª†’ û√†’.

(ûªèπ◊\´ °æ®Ω’-í∫’-L*a áèπ◊\´ NÈéô’x °æúøûª´’ íÌöÀd) ûª´’ °æE û√´· î˨»®Ω’. Ééπ ´çûª’ ¶«üµ¿uûª E®Ωy-£œ«ç-î√L.

éπ≥ƒd™x èπÿú≈ Öû√q-£æ«çí¬ Ö™«x-Ææçí¬ Öçúø-í∫-©-í∫úøç.

´†-¢√-Ææç™ èπÿú≈ X®√-´·úÕ ¶µ«®Ωu Æ‘ûª ûª† ÆæçûÓ-≥ƒEo éÓ™p-™‰ü¿’/ Ö™«x-Ææç-í¬ØË í∫úÕ-°œçC. b) The one who keeps their end even in difficulties are real heroes =

éπ≥ƒd™x èπÿú≈ Ö™«x-Ææçí¬ Öçúø-í∫-L-Íí-¢√Í® Eï-¢Á’i† O®Ω’©’

c) All that you've lost is just an exam. Keep your end up = exam fail

EXERCISE Match the words under A with their meanings under B A

B

1. Precisely

A. Aim

2. Ridiculous

B. talk

3. Acquire

C. need

4. Purpose

D. earn

5. Mention

E. exactly F. absurd

ÅûªúÌ≤ƒhú≈ ®√ú≈ ÅØËC Åçûª ´·êuç é¬ü¿’

G. question

(Å®·ûË àç îËߪ’-¶-ûª’-Ø√o´¤?) Vinathi: I'll give it another try. My cousin Pranathi has succeeded in her second attempt and she thinks no end of herself. Our relatives too keep comparing us. So I must make it.

c) Though India has done its part of the job, Pakistan has failed to keep its end of the deal =

†’´¤y ™ Åߪ÷u´¤. ÅçûË-éπü∆? ´’®Ω-*§Ú/ ÆæçûÓ-≠æçí¬ Öçúø’.

It matters little whether he comes or not = Jayanthi: So what are you going to do?

¶«•÷, F éπö«d†’. °æ¤Ææh-é¬-©Fo éÌE-î√a†’, Fé¬\-´-©-Æœ† ´Ææ-ûª’-©Fo éπLpç-î√†’. Ééπ F ¶«üµ¿u-ûª†’ †’´¤y E®Ωy-£œ«ç (¶«í¬ îªCN ´’ç* ´÷®Ω’\©’ ûÁa-èπ◊E).

¶µ«®Ωû˝ ûª†-´çûª’ °æE-îË-Æœ-†-°æp-öÀéÃ, §ƒéÀ≤ƒnØ˛ ûª† ¶«üµ¿u-ûª™ N°∂æ-©-¢Á’içC (ûª† ´÷ô E©-¶„-ô’d-éÓ-™‰ü¿’).

We are precise in weighing gold = X vague I have a vague idea of his address = address

(ÂÆéπ†x ü¿¨»ç-éπçûÓ) éÌ©’-≤ƒh®Ω’.

•çí¬®Ωç î√™« éπ*a-ûªçí¬ ûª÷≤ƒhç (ÅÆæp-≠æd-¢Á’i†). ÅûªE Ø√èπ◊ ÅÆæp-≠dçæ í¬ ûÁ©’Ææ’/ ÆæJí¬ ûÁL-ߪ’ü¿’. 2-F. Ridiculous = absurd = £æ…≤ƒuÆæp-ü¿-¢Á’i†. It is ridiculous to say that success can overnight =

be

achieved

®√vAéÀ ®√vûË Nï-ߪ÷Eo ≤ƒCµç-îª-í∫©ç ņúøç £æ…≤ƒu-Ææpü¿ç. He KEY: 1-E. Precisely= exactly- éπ*aûªçí¬, accurate í¬, correct í¬. looks ridiculous in red trousers and green shirt = Ç áv®Ω pants, The time now is 8.49 AM precisegreen teashirt ™ î√™« £æ…≤ƒu-Ææply. Æ洒ߪ’ç É°æ¤púø’ correct (éπ*aûªçí¬) 8.49 §Òü¿’l†. In running ü¿çí¬ éπE-°œ-Ææ’h-Ø√oúø’. (Åçü¿®Ω÷ Åûª-úÕE îª÷Æœ †¢Ëyô’x) X sensible (Ææ´uraces time is measured precisely ¢Á’i†)/ serious. = °æ®Ω’í∫’ °æçü∆™x Æ洒ߪ’ç éπ*a-ûªçí¬

ÉC î√™« coméπü∆? Å®Ωnç:

b) When she fell seriously ill she thought it was the end of her career as an athlete =

Ç¢Á’ Bv´çí¬ ï•’s-°æ-úøf-°æ¤púø’ véÃú≈-é¬-J-ùÀí¬ ûª† *´-J-ü¿¨¡ ´îËa-Æœç-ü¿-†’-èπ◊çC/ é̆-≤ƒ-í∫-™‰-ü¿-†’èπ◊çC. Athlete = áD∑xö¸ - a, any ™ 'á— ™«. 5) No end of = áèπ◊\-´í¬/ ÅN’-ûª-¢Á’i† a) It is no end of trouble to get anything done in a government office = office

v°æ¶µº’ûªy ™ °æE-îË-®·ç--éÓ-´úøç î√™« éπ≠dçæ / °ü¿l Ææ´’ÊÆu.

b) She is no end happy with the money she got as a prize =

•£æ›-´’-Aí¬ ´*a† úø•’sûÓ Ç¢Á’ î√™« ÆæçûÓ-≠æçí¬ ÖçC. 6) On end = continuously = î√™« 鬩çí¬

a) We've been waiting for you for hours on end =

¢Ë’ç F éÓÆæç í∫çô© ûª®Ω-•úÕ îª÷Ææ’hØ√oç.

b) For weeks on end, he was to be seen nowhere =

¢√®√© ûª®Ω-•úÕ Åûª-ØÁ-éπ\ú≈ éπE-

°œç-îª-™‰ü¿’.

3-D. Acquire = earn = Within three years of entering politics, he acquired property worth Rs. 60lakh. =

Ææ秃-Cç--éÓ-

He is here with the purpose of getting some information =

àüÓ Ææ´÷-î√®Ωç éÓÆæç Åûª-úÕ-éπ\úø ÖØ√oúø’. ®√ï-éÃ- 5-B. Mention = talk îÁ°æpôç/ äéπ-JE ߪ÷™x v°æ¢Ë-Pç-*† ´‚úË-∞¡x-™Ê° 60 í∫’Jç*, äéπ N≠æ-ߪ÷Eo í∫’Jç* ´÷ö«x©éπ~© N©’´éπ© ÇÆœh Ææ秃-Cç-î√-úø- úøôç/ v°æ≤ƒh-Nç-îªúøç. The CM menûªúø’. Degree (îªü¿’´¤)/ fame/ tioned the Rs.2 per kilo scheme, ë«uA/ friendship/ money/ position while talking about his govern(°æü¿N, ÆœnA) – Oô-Eoç-öÀF Ææ秃-Cç-îª- ment's programme = ûª† v°æ¶µº’ûªy ú≈Eo èπÿú≈ acquire Åçö«ç. é̆úøç v°æù«-R-éπ†’ í∫’-Jç* ´÷ö«x-úø’ûª÷, È®çúø’ ÅØË Å®Ωnç èπÿú≈ ÖçC. The govern- ®Ω÷§ƒ-ߪ’-©èπ◊ éÀ™ Gߪ’uç °æü∑¿éπç í∫’Jç* CM ´÷ö«x-ú≈®Ω’/ v°æ≤ƒh-Nçment has acquired land for colî√®Ω ’. Don't mention his name, lege - Ééπ\úø acquire = ÊÆéπ-Jç-îªôç. said he to his daughter = ÅûªE 4-A. Purpose = aim= ÖüËl¨¡ç, ©éπ~uç. Ê°®Ω’ îÁ°æpèπ◊, ÅE ûªçvúÕ èπÿûª’-®Ω’ûÓ He went to Hyderabad with the ÅØ√oúø’ X omit = (v°æ≤ƒh-Nç-îª-èπ◊çú≈) purpose of learning computers = ´C™‰-ߪ’úøç. Computers ØË®Ω’a-èπ◊-ØËç-ü¿’èπ◊ (ØË®Ω’a-èπ◊ØË ÖüËl-¨¡çûÓ) Åûªúø’ £j«ü¿-®√¶«ü˛ ¢Á∞«}úø’. ´úøç/ §Òçü¿úøç.

Spoken English -§ƒ-ûª -¢√u≤ƒ-©éÓÆæç -éÀxé˙ -îË-ߪ’ç-úÕ.. URL: http://www.eenadu.net/spoken/spoken.htm

-Ç-C-¢√®Ωç 16 -úÕÂÆç-•®Ω’ 2007

Ñ-Ø√-úø’ £j«-ü¿®√-¶«-ü˛

v°æ¨¡o: After

15 overs Australia were 121-2 cricket were was

ÅØË ¢√é¬uEo v°æûªuéπ~ v°æ≤ƒ-®Ωç™ îª÷¨»†’. -Ñ ¢√éπuç™ Ö†o îÓô Öçú≈L éπü∆? àC, áçü¿’èπ◊ éπÈ®éÓd N´-Jç-îªçúÕ. – áÆˇ.-üµ¿-®Ωt-°æ¤J, ¢Áçéπ-ö«-°æ‹®˝, ÇC-™«-¶«ü˛ ->-™«x

v°æ¨¡o: i) Who/ what/ which ©’

subject do/ does/ did subject eg: Who broke the jug?

í¬ áçü¿’èπ◊ í¬ ¢√úÕ†

¢√úÕ† v°æ¨¡o™x ¢√úø-èπÿ-úøü¿’? Éçü¿’™ °æü∆©’ àN? ii) Who/ what/ which ©’ object í¬ Ö°æ-ßÁ÷TçîË Ææçü¿-®√s¥™x do/ does/ did ¢√úøû√ç. eg: Who do you want to play with your team?

Éçü¿’™

object

í¬ ¢√úÕ† °æü∆©’ àN? subject àC? N´-Jç-îªçúÕ. iii) Part of speech ™ verb, adjectives í¬†’, adverb í¬†’ noun í¬†’ ´÷®Ω’p îÁçü¿’-û√®·. ¢√öÀ Å®√n©’, ¢√öÀE à Nüµ¿çí¬ Ö°æ-ßÁ÷-T-≤ƒh®Ω’? Å®√nEo ᙫ BÆæ’-éÓ-¢√™ äÍé ´÷ô†’ BÆæ’-èπ◊E, sentence pattern °æü¿l¥-A™ -N-´®Ωçí¬ -ûÁ-L-ߪ’-ñ‰-ߪ’í∫-©®Ω’. iv) Verb forms 6 ®Ω鬩’ ÅØ√o®Ω’. ÅN àN’öÀ? N´-Jç-îª-í∫-©®Ω’. – >.Èé.-®√´¤, £j«ü¿-®√-¶«ü˛

= Nï-ߪ÷-EéÀ éπ%≠œ Å´-Ææ-®Ωç/- ´·êuç (éπ%≠œ™‰-EüË Nïߪ’ç §Òçü¿™‰ç). b) Careful planning is the sine qua non of success in any venture =

ï¢√•’: á°æ¤púø’

v°æ¨¡o:

- C.Madhu, Warangal c,

á°æ¤púø’ s ´Ææ’hçC ÅE îÁ°æp-úøç î√-™« éπ≠dçæ . English ™ c E s ™« á°æ¤púø’, k ™« á°æ¤púø’, ÅØËC Ç °æü¿ç à ¶µ«≠æ-™ç* English ™éÀ ´*aç-ü¿ØË N≠æߪ’ç O’ü¿ Çüµ∆-®Ω-°æúÕ Öçô’çC. ÅC ûÁ©’-Ææ’-éÓ-´-úøç -Éçé¬ éπ≠dçæ . Åçü¿’-éπE c ûÓ àü¿-®·Ø√ éÌûªh´÷ô ´ÊÆh, ü∆E pronunciation dictionary ™ îª÷Æœ ûÁ©’-Ææ’-éÓ-¢√-LqçüË. Question tag ™ I am a doctor, aren’t I? ÅE ´*a-†-°æ¤púø’ I am not a doctor, am I? ÅE ´Ææ’hçü∆? are I? ÅE ´Ææ’hçü∆? Ñ È®çúø÷ É™« question tag áçü¿’-éÌ-Ææ’h-Ø√o®·? ûÁ©’-°æ-í∫-©®Ω’. - M.Moses, Vijayawada

ï¢√•’: I am not a doctor, am I? ÅØË Åçö«ç.

Sentence Patterns 1) Beauty (Noun) Noun (Subject) Verb Object The beauty of Kashmir + attracts + a large ... 2) Beautiful (Adj) Subject Verb subject complement (Adjective) The scenery of Kashmir + is + beautiful 3) Beautifully (adv) Sub Verb Object Adverb He + decorated + the house + beautifully 4) Beautify (verb) Subject Verb Object He + beautified + the place iv) 6 forms of the verb 1. Be forms 2. Be form + ing form 3. Be form + past participle (PP) (Passive Voice) 4. Have/ has/ had/ will have/ shall have etc + PP 5. Doing words I RDW II RDW PDW come, comes, came 6. Shall/ should/ will/ would/ can/ could may/ might/ must etc. + 1st RDW.

iii)

O’ question éÌçûª ÅÆæp≠ædçí¬ ÖçC. Ø√èπ◊ Å®Ωn-¢Á’i†ç-ûª-´-®Ωèπ◊ Ñ example ÉÆæ’h-Ø√o†’, îª÷úøçúÕ. 1. Beauty (n) = Åçü¿ç

ûÓ ´÷vûª¢Ë’ ™ ¢√úøç. ûÓ ¢√úøû√ç éπü∆?

ûÓ èπÿú≈

The beauty of Kashmir attracts a large number of tourists. 2. Beautiful (adj) =

™

Åçü¿-¢Á’i†, Åçü¿çí¬ Ö†o.

The scenery of Kashmir is beautiful.

¢√úøû√ç éπü∆.

3. Beautiful (Adv) =

Åçü¿çí¬

He decorated the house beautifully. 4. Beautify (verb) = He beautified the place by growing a garden in it =

Oô-Eoç-öÀ™ èπÿú≈

Åçü¿çí¬ îËߪ’ôç/ Å©ç-éπ-

Jç-îªôç.

ii) Who do you want to play with? who, present day English whom subject you.

Åéπ\úø ã ûÓô†’ °ç* Ç v°æüË-¨»Eo Åçü¿çí¬ î˨»úø’.

Ééπ\úø ™ èπ◊ •ü¿’©’ ¢√úË ´÷ô. Ééπ\úø áçü¿’-éπçõ‰ †’´¤y á´-JûÓ Çú≈-©-†’èπ◊ç-ô’-Ø√o´¤? ņo-°æ¤púø’,

-Ççí∫x-¶µ«-≠æ-ù 396

subject is you.

sine qua non Åçõ‰ àN’öÀ? à íÌ°æp 鬮Ωuç/ -¢√u-§ƒ®Ωç Nï-ߪ÷-EÈéjØ√ ´’ç* °æü∑¿éπç Å´-Ææ-®Ωç/ ´·êuç.

M.SURESAN

= ؈’ ü∆EE E†o ®√vA Åçô’Ø√oç îª÷¨»†’– Ééπ\úø ¢√úø’-ûª’Ø√oç. 鬕öÀd, iv) You = †’´¤y/- O’®Ω’. íı®Ω´ Ææ÷îªéπçí¬ O’®Ω’ ÅØ√-©Ø√o, you ÅØË Åçö«ç. You please Åçö«ç. Åçûª-éπçõ‰ ¢ËÍ® àO’ expressions ™‰´¤. i) Kindly clarify that, the main clause should be ‘would’ or ‘should’ or according to its subject (I, II or III persons) in the sentences of imaginary condition.

I have had a car for the past one year

ÅE Éî√a®Ω’. DEo

past perfect. b) I saw it last night time - last night saw - past simple

Ø√èπ◊

Have

had this job for the last one year example She has been this job for the last one year

a) I have seen the movie

= ØË-†’ Ç -Æœ-E´÷ îª÷¨»†’– á°æ¤púø’ îª÷ÆœçD îÁ°æp-ôç-™‰ü¿’– tense,

v°æ¨¡o: °æéπ\† had Ö°æ-ßÁ÷-Tçîª-´î√a ÅØË v°æ¨¡oèπ◊ she has

iii) Simple past - for past actions, time known; past perfect for past actions, time not stated.

v°æ¨¡o: English spelling games í∫’Jç* éÌEo v°æ¨¡o: ÆæçüË-£æ…©’: ‘c, s’ – ÉN á°æ¤púø’ àN ´≤ƒhßÁ÷ Öü∆-£æ«-®Ω-ù-©ûÓ N´-Jç--îªí∫-ûª®Ω’.

ïôx†’ í∫’Jç* ´÷ö«xúËô°æ¤púø’ plur¢√úøû√ç. India were 121/2 at ņo-°æ¤púø’ Å®Ωnç– Lunch Æ洒ߪ÷-EéÀ ¶µ«®Ωûª ïô’d (team) ™E players 121 °æ®Ω’-í∫’©’ î˨»-®ΩE. É™«çöÀ Ææçü¿-®√s¥™x singular í¬F plural í¬F ¢√úÌa. India was 121/2 ÅE èπÿú≈ ÅØÌa. al lunch

i) Who, which quesdo, does, did 2) tions What What do you know? What does he want? What did he say? 3) Who, which negative questions do, does, did Who does not know it? Which (of you) did not do the home work, subject, etc. who, what, which.

ii) sine qua non

a) Industry is the sine qua non for success

ï¢√•’: ü˨»© Ê°®ΩxûÓ, Ç ü˨»©

ï¢√•’:

v°æ¨¡o: i) Would, Should, Could à Ææçü¿-®√s¥™x Ö°æßÁ÷-Tç-î√™ Ææp≠ædçí¬ ûÁ-©’°æí∫-©®Ω’. Åçõ‰ àN’öÀ? iii) Simple past, past perfect á°æ¤púø’ Ö°æ-ßÁ÷Tç-î√L? iv) ûÁ©’-í∫’™ äéπ ´uéÀhE íı®Ω-´çí¬ Ææç¶-Cµç-îË-ô°æ¤púø’, ' O’®Ω’— , ' ûª´’®Ω’— , ' ¢√®Ω’— ÅE ´u´-£æ«J≤ƒhç. Åçõ‰ àéπ-´- íı®Ω-´-Ææ÷-îªéπç ņo´÷ô. Å™«Íí ÉçTx-≠ˇ™ äéπ ´uéÀhE íı®Ω-NÆæ÷h Ææç¶-Cµç-îª-úø-¢Á’™«? – °œ.-á-Ø˛.-N. ®Ω-´’-ù-¶«-•’, -A®Ω’°æ-A ï¢√•’: i) Would, should, could Ö°æ-ßÁ÷-í¬©’ î√™« N´-®Ωçí¬ Éçûª-èπ◊-´·çü¿’ Éî√aç. îª÷úøçúÕ. ii) sine qua non - ÂÆjØ˛-é¬y-Ø√Ø˛= àüÁjØ√ ≤ƒCµç-î √©-†’-èπ◊-†o-°æ¤púø’ ´’†èπ◊ Å´-Ææ-®Ω-¢Á’i† N≠æߪ’ç/ í∫’ùç. ÅC ™‰EüË ´’†ç ≤ƒCµç-‰ç.

2

ï¢√•’:

ņúøç ûª§ƒp? – -P-K-≠æ, -ØÁ-©÷x®Ω’

i) Have + past participle/ has + past participle

í∫ûªç™ v§ƒ®Ωç-¶µº¢Á’i Éçûª-´-®Ωèπÿ ïJ-T† °æEE ûÁ©’-°æ¤û√®·. Ø√èπ◊ car ÖçC = I have a car (É°æ¤púø’).

ï¢√•’: i)

O’®Ω’ îÁ°œp†™«çöÀ Ææçü¿-®√s¥™x, should ¢√úøéπç -î√-™« §ƒçúÕ-ûªuçí¬ ÅE°œ-Ææ’hçC. Modern English usages ™, should éÀ would éÀ É™«çöÀ Ææçü¿-®√s¥™ x ûËú≈ Åçûª-Jç-*-§Ú-®·çC. Direct, Indirect speech ™, conditionals ™ requests ™ Éçûª-èπ◊-´·çü¿’ should ¢√úË îÓôx-EoçöÀ™  should èπ◊ -•-ü¿’-©’ British, American English ©™ would ´÷vûª¢Ë’ ¢√úø’-ûª’-Ø√o®Ω’. If I were you, I should like to do it - ÉC old usage. If I were you, I’d (would) like to do it - ÉC

car

ã Ææç´-ûªq®Ωçí¬ ÖçC =

Åçö«ç éπü∆? Å™«Íí Ç¢Á’èπ◊ Ç ÖüÓuí∫ç Ææç´-ûªq®Ωçí¬ ÖçC ÅØËç-ü¿’èπ◊, °j sentence ™ car èπ◊ •ü¿’©’ job ¢√úøçúÕ. Å°æ¤p-úÌîËa sentence: She has had this job for the last one year. She has been this job for the last one year =

Ñ sentence ™ verb has been. ÉC be form (Åçõ‰ í∫ûªç™ äéπ Æ洒ߪ’ç †’ç* É°æp-öÀ-´®Ωèπÿ/ Éçé¬ Öçúøôç (state of being) îÁ°æ¤ hçC). 鬕öÀd She has been this job for the last one year= Ç¢Á’ í∫ûª Ææç´-ûªq-®Ωçí¬ Ñ ÖüÓu-í∫çí¬ ÖçC. Ç¢Á’ ÖüÓuí∫çí¬ Öçúøü¿’ éπü∆? ÖüÓu-í∫ç™ Öçô’çC. Å™« ÅØËçü¿’èπ◊ She has been on this job for the last one year. Åçõ‰, Å°æ¤púø’ Ç¢Á’ Ñ ÖüÓu-í∫ç™ ÖçC ÅE ´Ææ’hçC.

v°æ¨¡o:

i) I am writing this letter with a good intention. intention countable noun or uncountable noun like information and furniture?

ï¢√•’:

(ÖüËl¨¡ç) ÅØËC countî√-™« Å®Ω’-ü¿’í¬ uncountable. Å®·-†-°æp-öÀéà information, furniture ™«çöÀ uncountable ´÷vûªç é¬ü¿’. ii) What about his letter? ii) ÉC ¢√úø’éπ ´©x ´*a† ´÷ô©’. The text book of VIII (EM) preHow about his programme? Mostly spoken form. Åçü¿’-éπE scribed by the Govt. of A.P., °j È®çúø’- ¢√-é¬u™x verb à¢Á’içC? Ç verbs ®√´¤. É™«ç-öÀN ´’J-éÌEo– says that the main clause norÈ®çúÕ-çöÀF affirmative sentence Why trouble me now? (Why do mally uses ‘should’, not ™, passive voice ™ ᙫ you trouble me now •ü¿’©’)/ ‘would’. Here normally Why not? (áçü¿’èπ◊ é¬èπÿ-úøü¿’/ ®√ߪ÷™ ûÁ-©’°æí∫-©®Ω’. means....? áçü¿’èπ◊ ™‰ü¿’?) etc. iii) He is suffering from joint pain. ii) How ro pronunce the word (I don’t like to go ÅØËç-ü¿’èπ◊ She is my dream girl- Ééπ\úø joint, modern usage. Present day English ‘dais’? response í¬ Å-ØË -´÷-ô?) dream à ®Ωéπ-¢Á’i† adjectives? ™ should- äéπ®Ω’ îËߪ÷-Lq† (¶«üµ¿u-ûªí¬) iii) v°æA¶µ«§ƒöÀ™¸ áØÓo ®√≠æ-Z°æA? iii) Joint, dream Ñ È®çúø÷-èπÿú≈ EE -ûÁ-LÊ°ç-ü¿’èπ◊, Ææ©£æ… ÉîËaç-ü¿’èπ◊ iv) She came here to read the nouns used as adjectives, A¢√J Ççvüµ¿-v°æ-üË-¨¸éÀ áØÓo í∫´-®Ωo®Ω’? °æ´÷vûª books. ¢Ë’ ¢√úø’-ûª’-Ø√o®Ω’. college student ™ college -™«. - What are the question forms She came here for reading the ii) Dias - úÁ®·Æˇ in English for such type of books - Ñ È®çúÕç-öÀéà ֆo ûËú≈†’ iv) È®çúø÷ äéπõ‰ – Å®Ωnç™ ûËú≈ ™‰ü¿’. iii) DEéÀ English ™ ÆæÈ®j-† ¢√éπuç-™‰ü¿’. ÉC questions? N´-Jç-îªçúÕ. -Éç-ûª-èπ◊-´·çü¿’ N´-Jç-î√ç. - I.V.Ramaswamy, Karimnagar

Ééπ\úø

ÅØËC

i) Intention able.

- Dr.P.Anjaneyulu, Srikakulam

Spoken English -§ƒ-ûª -¢√u≤ƒ-©éÓÆæç -éÀxé˙ -îË-ߪ’ç-úÕ.. URL: http://www.eenadu.net/spoken/spoken.htm

-´’çí∫-∞¡-¢√®Ωç 18 -úÕÂÆç-•®Ω’ 2007

Ñ-Ø√-úø’ £j«-ü¿®√-¶«-ü˛

Jayanth: (It’s) days since met you. Whatever has happened to you?

(E†’o îª÷Æœ î√™« ®ÓV-©-®·uçC. àN’öÀ N≠æߪ’ç?) éÌçîÁç Ǩ¡a®Ωuç ûÁ©-°æ-ú≈-EéÀ What •ü¿’©’ Whatever Åçö«ç.

to meet all the expenses. So nobody need put their hand in their pocket. Do take some money now.

(´’† Å≤Ú-Æœ-ßË’-≠æ-Ø˛èπ◊ î√™« úø•’sçC. 鬕öÀd á´®Ω÷ èπÿú≈ ¢√∞¡x úø•’s ê®Ω’a °ôd-†-´-Ææ®Ωç ™‰ü¿’.)

Sumanth: What do you think? I have my hands full. The President of our association has given me the responsibility of making all the arrangements for the conference next week.

Jayanth: That I know. Let me first of all have the list and the invitations.

(à´’-†’-èπ◊ç-ô’-Ø√o´¤? ÅÆæq©’ BJé𠙉èπ◊çú≈ ÖØ√o†’. ´’† Ææç°∂æ’ç Åüµ¿u-èπ~◊úø’ ´îËa ¢√®Ωç ïJÍí Ææ´÷-¢Ë-¨»-EéÀ 鬢√-Lq† à®√pôxFo – Ç ¶«üµ¿u-ûª†’ °æ‹Jhí¬ Ø√èπ◊ Å°æpTç-î√®Ω’.) conference = Ææ´÷-¢Ë¨¡ç

(ÅFo v°œçô®˝ ü¿í∫_Í® ÖØ√o®·. Åûªúø’ èπÿú≈ Ééπ\-úøèπ◊ ü¿í∫_Í®, ¢Á∞¡ü∆ç °æü¿.)

Jayanth: He can be sure he has placed the job in capable hands. He can be rest assured that nothing can go wrong.

(Çߪ’† Ñ °æEE Ææ´’-®Ω’n-©Íé Å°æp-Tç-î√-†ØË †´’t-éπçûÓ Öçúø-´îª’a. à §Ò®Ω-§ƒô÷ ï®Ω-í∫ü¿E EPaç-ûªí¬ Öçúø-´îª’a. be rest assured = EPaç-ûªí¬ Öçúøôç Sumanth: Fortunately I have the time and money in hand. That does make things easy. But at times I have to get my hands dirty too, as the workers are a bit lazy and irregular.

2

(ÅC Ø√èπ◊ ûÁ©’Ææ’. ¢Á·ü¿ô Ç£æ…y-E-ûª’© ñ«Gû√, Ç Ç£æ…y-Ø√©’ Ø√éÀ´¤y.) Sumanth: They are all at the printer’s who is near at hand. Come, let’s go.





Spoken English daily real life situations hand expressions

à ´Ææ’h-¢ÁjØ√/ N≠æ-ߪ’-¢Á’iØ√, ´’†’-≠æfl-™„jØ√, ´’†ç Çüµ∆®Ω-°æúøü¿T† ´uéÀh îª÷Ææ’h-†o-°æ¤úø’. a) If Dr. Vaidya is treating you, you are in safe hands

™

™ ûÓ ¢√úË èπ◊ î√™« v§ƒüµ∆†uç ÖçC. î√™« ûª®Ω-îª’í¬ ¢√úø’-ûª’ç-ö«®Ω’ èπÿú≈. É´Fo î√™« simple expressions. ´’† Ææ綵«-≠æù î√™« Ææ®Ω-∞¡çí¬, Ææ£æ«-ïçí¬ ÖçúËô’x îË≤ƒh®·. ´’†´‚ practice îËü∆lç. Now look at the following expressions from the dialogue above. 1) I have my hands full. 2) He can be sure that he has placed the job in capable hands. 3) I have the time and money in hand.

= ú≈II ¢Ájü¿u Fèπ◊ ¢Ájü¿uç îËÆæ’h-†o-ôx-®·ûË, †’´¤y Íé~´’éπ-®Ω-¢Á’i† îËûª’™x Ö†oõ‰x (Çߪ’† ¢Ájü¿uç™ †’´¤y Íé~´’ç-í¬ØË Öçö«´¤). b) With Kumble as captain, the team is in capable hands =

èπ◊綉x ≤ƒ®Ω-ü∑¿uç™ (captain í¬ Öçõ‰) ¶µ«®Ω-ûªïô’d Ææ´’-®Ω’núÕ îËA™ Ö†oõ‰d (èπ◊綉x Ææ´’-®Ω’n-úøE).

-Ççí∫x-¶µ«-≠æ-ù

3) Something in hand/ to have something in hand/ have time/ money in hand =

397

àüÁjØ√ ´’†ç ¢√úø’-èπ◊-ØËç-

Åûªúø’ supervisor Å®·-†-°æp-öÀéÃ/ ÅûªúÕ °æE Åï´÷-®·≠‘ Å®·-†-°æp-öÀéÃ, Å´-Ææ-®Ω-¢Á’iûË üÁj£œ«éπ v¨¡´’èπ◊ èπÿú≈ Åûªúø’ Æœü¿l¥¢Ë’. b) This job is only for these who are willing to get their hands dirty =

üÁj£œ«éπ v¨¡´’†’ É≠æd-°æúË ¢√∞¡}ØË/ é¬ßª’-éπ≠dçæ îËÊÆçü¿’èπ◊ É≠æd-°æ-úË-¢√-∞¡xÍé Ñ ÖüÓuí∫ç. c) As he is educated, he doesn’t want to get his hands dirty =

îªü¿’-´¤-èπ◊†o ¢√úø’ 鬕öÀd é¬ßª’-éπ≠dçæ îËߪ’úøç ÅûªúÕéÀ É≠ædç ™‰ü¿’. 5) To have enough on one’s hands =

(äéπ-JéÀ) î√L-†çûª °æE Öçúøôç. a) She has enough on her hands with her new born child and so cannot do any job =

É°æ¤púË °æ¤öÀd† GúøfûÓ Ç¢Á’èπ◊ î√L-†çûª °æE. Åçü¿’éπE Ç¢Á’ à ÖüÓuí∫ç îËߪ’™‰ü¿’.

I have my hands full

(Åü¿%-≠d-´æ -¨»ûª÷h ü∆EéÀ 鬢√Lq† úø•÷s, Æ洒ߪ’ç ¶«í¬ØË ÖØ√o®·. Åçü¿’´©x °æE Ææ’©-¶µºç-í¬ØË ÖçC. é¬F Å°æ¤p-úø°æ¤p-úø÷ °æE-¢√∞¡x •ü¿l¥éπç ´™«x, ÆæJí¬ Öçúøéπ-§Ú-´úøç ´™«x ¢√∞¡Ÿx îËÊÆ °æ†’©’ èπÿú≈ éÌEo ؈’ îËߪ÷Lq ´≤ÚhçC). Jayanth: Are you handling the invitations too?

(Ç£æ…y-Ø√©’ °æç°æúøç èπÿú≈ F °æØËØ√?) Sumanth: Yes, I am.

(Å´¤†’.) Jayanth: Why don’t you let me take care of the invitations? You have enough on your hands already with the arrangements.

(Ç£æ…y-Ø√© N≠æߪ’ç Ø√èπ◊ ´C™‰-ߪ’-èπÿúøü¿÷? Ñ à®√p-ôx-ûÓØË †’´¤y BJé𠙉èπ◊çú≈ ÖØ√o´¤.) Sumanth: Thank you. That’s a big relief.

(ü∑∆uçé˙q. ÅC Ø√èπ◊ °ü¿l N´·éÀh.) Jayanth: Let me have the list of invitees. I will have some of them delivered by hand, and the rest through courier service or by post.

(Ç£æ…y-E-ûª’© ñ«Gû√ Ø√éÀ´¤y, éÌEoç-öÀE ؈’ îËAûÓ -Åç-Cç-îË-™« -îª÷≤ƒh†’, N’í∫-û√N éÌJ-ߪ’®˝ ü∆y®√ í¬F, §ÚÆˇd ü∆y®√ í¬F °æç°æ¤-û√†’.) Sumanth: Am I clear then that the matter is entirely in your hands?

(Å®·ûË Ç N≠æߪ’ç Åçû√ F îËûª’™x Ö†oõ‰x éπü∆?) Jayanth: They are certainly out of your hands. Don’t you worry, any more about them.

(ÅN F îËûª’™x ™‰N-°æ¤púø’. ü∆Eo í∫’Jç* ÉçÍéç ÇçüÓ-∞¡† °æúøèπ◊.) Sumanth: I can speed up this work now.

(Å®·ûË ØËF °æE ûªy®Ωí¬ °æ‹Jh îËߪ’´îª’a.) Jayanth: So you can.

(Å´¤†’.) Sumanth: Our association has enough money

ÅûªúÕéÀ î√L-†çûª °æE-™‰-éπ-§Ú´-úøçûÓ Åûª-úÕéÀ °æEéÀ´÷-L† Ç™-©Fo ´Ææ’hç-ö«®·.

4) ... I have to get my hands dirty. 5) You have enough on your hands.

ü¿’èπ◊ ´’† Öçúøôç.

6) Am I clear then that the matter is entirely in your hands. 1) Have (somebody’s) hands full- I/ we/ you/ they have my/ our/ your/ their hands full. He/ she has his/ her hands full =

àüÁjØ√ °æE ´©x ÅÆæq-©’ BJé𠙉èπ◊çú≈ Öçúøôç.

ü¿í∫_®Ω

a) He has plenty of money in hand

M.SURESAN

¢√∞¡x Å´÷t®· °Rx à®√p-ôxûÓ Çߪ’† ÅÆæq©’ BJé𠙉èπ◊çú≈ ÖØ√oúø’. b) I have my hands already full with repairs to my house. I can’t attend to any other work now =

b) We still have a week in hand before the exams =

°æK-éπ~-©-éÀçé¬ ´’†èπ◊ ¢√®Ωç ®ÓV© Æ洒ߪ’ç ÖçC. c) I haven’t much time in hand =

Ø√ ÉçöÀ ´’®Ω´’tûª’©ûÓ Ø√ îËûª’© Eçú≈ °æEûÓ BJé𠙉èπ◊çú≈ ÖØ√o, ÉçÍé°æ-F îª÷úø-™‰-E-°æ¤púø’. 2) In somebody’s good/ safe/ capable, etc hands =

a) Though he is a supervisor, he is ready to get his hands dirty if there is a need =

EXERCISE

1. (B) escape =

ûª°œpç--éÓ-´úøç/ §ƒJ§Ú-´úøç, ´·êuçí¬ §ÚM-Ææ’©’ °æô’d-éÓèπ◊çú≈, îªö«d-EéÀ üÌ®Ω-éπ-èπ◊çú≈.

The parents of one of the students who killed their classmate have been absconding since the shooting incident = classmate

†’ é¬La îªç°œ† Nü∆u®Ω’n™x

a) The matter is no longer in my hands. It is now entirely in my lawyer’s hands =

Ç N≠æߪ’ç É°æ¤púø’ Ø√ ü¿í∫_®Ω ™‰ü¿’ (ØËØËç îËߪ’™‰†’). Åü¿çû√ ´÷ ™«ßª’®˝ îËA™ ÖçC/ Çߪ’ØË Åçû√ îª÷Ææ’-èπ◊ç-ô’-Ø√oúø’. b) The whole affair is in your hands. You can do as you like =

Ø√éπçûª áèπ◊\´ õ„j¢˛’ ™‰ü¿’. d) Though he has the amount in hand, he is unwilling to spend =

鬢√-Lq† úø•’s ûª† ü¿í∫_®Ω Ö†o-°æp-öÀéÃ, ê®Ω’a °ôdúøç Åûª-úÕéÀ É≠ædç-™‰ü¿’. 4) To get my hands dirty = üÁj£œ«éπ v¨¡´’ îËߪ’úøç/ é¬ßª’-éπ≠dçæ îËߪ’úøç

ANSWERS

6) Something in somebody’s hands =

àü¿-®·Ø√ äéπJ ÅDµ-†ç™ Öçúøôç. = Åûªúø’ ¢√úø’èπ◊ØËç-ü¿’èπ◊ ÅûªúÕ ü¿í∫_®Ω ¶«í¬ úø•’sçC.

a) He has his hands full with the arrangements for his daughter’s marriage =

Match the words under A with their meanings under B. A B 1. Abscond A Stop 2. Irrelevant B Escape 3. Greedy C Gentle 4. Mild D Surrender 5. Withhold E Unconnected F Covetous G Generous

b) He doesn’t have enough on his hands, so he gets all sorts of silly ideas =

Åçû√ F îËûª’™x ÖçC. †’¢Ëy´’†’-èπ◊çõ‰ ÅC îËߪ’í∫-©´¤. Affair - Å°∂-Å – N≠æߪ’ç/ Ææç•çüµ¿ç a) I don’t know anything about the affair =

Ø√èπ◊ Ç N≠æߪ’ç àO’ ûÁL-ߪ’ü¿’. b) People suspect an affair between the two =

v°æï©’ ¢√Rx-ü¿l-Jéà àüÓ Ææç•çüµ¿ç Öçü¿-†’-èπ◊ç-ö«®Ω’.

An engineer’s qualification is irrelevant to a bank job =

Bank cashier Surrender

mild Åçõ‰ ÉçéÌEo Å®√n©’ ≤ƒüµ¿’ Ææy-¶µ«´ç Ö†o/ °∂æ÷ô’-™‰E/ Bv´-ûª-™‰E/ Éç>-F®˝ Nü∆u-®Ω|-ûª©’ bank ÖüÓu-í¬-EéÀ Åçûª ÖvC-éπh-ûª-™‰E X severe (Bv´ÅÆæç-•ü¿l¥ç X Relevant. harsh (éπJ∏-†-¢Á’i†)/ violent ¢Á ’ i † )/ 3. (F) covetous = ü¿’®√¨¡ Ö†o/ (£œ « ç≤ƒû ªt-éπ-¢Á’i†). Åû√u¨¡/ Ê°®√¨¡ Ö†o 5. (A) Stop = üˆo-®·Ø√ ÇÊ°-ߪ’úøç. Most politicians are greedy. They enter politics only because of their greed =

He withheld important information =

´·êu-¢Á’i† Ææ´÷-î√-®√Eo Åûªúø’ Éûª-®Ω’©èπ◊ Åçü¿-èπ◊çú≈ ÇÊ°-¨»úø’.

While talking of the ability of a player, remarks about his appearance, or to his girl friend are irrelevant =

®√ï-éÃ-ߪ’ -Ø√-ߪ’èπ◊-™x áèπ◊\-´-´’çC ü¿’®√-¨»-°æ-®Ω’™‰. ÅÆæ©’ ¢√∞¡Ÿ} ®√ï-éÃߪ÷™x v°æ¢ËPçîªú≈-EéÀ 鬮Ωùç ¢√∞¡x ü¿’®√¨Ï. covetous = °æ®Ω’© ÇÆœh°j éÓJéπ èπÿú≈. 4. (C) Gentle = Eü∆†ç/ ü¿’úø’-èπ◊-é¬E

äéπJ ûª-Lx-ü¿ç-vúø’©’ ûª°œpç-èπ◊ A®Ω’-í∫’ûª’-Ø√o®Ω’ (§ÚM-Ææ’-©èπÿ, îªö«d-Eéà üÌ®Ω-éπèπ◊çú≈). The cashier of the bank is absconding =

§ƒJ-§Ú-ߪ÷úø’ X = ™ÔçT-§Ú-´úøç. 2. (E) unconnected = ÅÆæç-ü¿-®Ωs¥-¢Á’i†/ Ææçü¿®Ωs¥ ¨¡ŸCl¥-™‰E (out of place)/ ÅÆæç-•-ü¿l¥-¢Á’i†. äéπ N≠æߪ’ç í∫’Jç* ´÷ö«xúø’ûª÷ Ö†o°æ¤púø’ ´’®Ó N≠æߪ’ç v°æ≤ƒh-Nç-îªúøç, irrelevant.

ã véÃú≈-é¬-®Ω’úÕ ¨¡éÀh í∫’Jç* ´÷ö«xúø’ûª’†o-°æ¤púø’ ÅûªúÕ Çéπ%-AE í∫’Jç* é¬F, ÅûªúÕ ÊÆo£œ«-ûª’-®√-LE í∫’Jç* é¬F îËÊÆ ¢√uêu©’ ÅÆæç-ü¿®Ωs¥ç/ ÅÆæç-•ü¿l¥ç.

Unlike the father who is rude the son is mild =

(¢Á·®Ωô’) ¢Á·®Ωô’¢√-úÁj† ûªçvúÕ™« é¬èπ◊çú≈, éÌúø’èπ◊ Eü∆-†-Ææ’húø’.

Kunthi withheld the secret of Karna’s birth till the end =

éπ®Ω’gúÕ ï†t ®Ω£æ«-≤ƒuEo èπ◊çA ü∆* °öÀdçC/ Éûª-®Ω’©èπ◊ îÁ°æp-™‰ü¿’. Results of certain candidates have been withheld =

éÌçü¿®Ω’ Ŷµºu-®Ω’n© °∂æL-û√©’ Ç°œ-¢Ë-ߪ’•-ú≈f®· (´÷´‚©’ ûÁ©’í∫’ ÇÊ°-¨»®Ω’.)

Spoken English -§ƒ-ûª -¢√u≤ƒ-©éÓÆæç -éÀxé˙ -îË-ߪ’ç-úÕ.. URL: http://www.eenadu.net/spoken/spoken.htm

í∫’®Ω’-¢√®Ωç 20 -úÕÂÆç-•®Ω’ 2007 Vasanth: Could you get back your money?

(F úø•’s Fèπ◊ AJT ´*açü∆?) Bharath: You know better than to expect that. This is India. Once you lose some thing it is lost forever.

(Å™« ÇPç-îªúøç ûÁL-N-ûª-èπ◊\´. ÉC ¶µ«®Ω-ûªüË-¨¡ç-éπü∆? äéπ-≤ƒJ †’¢Ëyü¿®·Ø√ §ÚíÌ-ô’dèπ◊çõ‰ ÅC AJT ®√†õ‰x.)

Ñ-Ø√-úø’ £j«-ü¿®√-¶«-ü˛ Vasanth: So certainly are most criminals. Cleverness and crime go hand in hand. Suppose a thief is caught and jailed once he won't stop stealing. He would only think of how to steal next time without being caught. That sharpens his cleverness.

(î√™«-´’çC ØË®Ω-í¬∞¡Ÿx ûÁL-N-í∫-©-¢√∞Ïx. ØË®√©÷ ûÁL-N-ûË-ô©÷ á°æ¤púø÷ éπLÊÆ Öçö«®·. äéπ-≤ƒJ üÌçí∫-ûª†ç îËÆœ† üÌçí∫ ñ„j©’Èé∞«xúø-†’éÓ ¢√úø’ üÌçí∫-ûª†ç ´÷†úø’. ÆæJ-éπü∆, Ñ≤ƒJ °æô’d-•-úø-èπ◊çú≈ üÌçí∫-ûª†ç ᙫ îËߪ÷™« ÅØË Ç™-*≤ƒhúø’. Å™« Ç™-*Ææ÷h ûÁL-N-O’-J-§Ú-û√®Ω’ ¢√∞¡Ÿx)

Vasanth: Did you report to the police? (Police

©èπ◊

report

î˨»¢√?)

Bharath: What'll be the use? In most cases you have to grease their palms. It's hundred to one that they catch the thief and if at all they do, you don't get all your money back. Sometimes they are hand in glove with thieves.

(àç Ö°æ-ßÁ÷í∫ç? î√™« Ææçü¿-®√s¥™x ¢√∞¡xèπ◊ ©çî√-L-¢√yLq ´Ææ’hçC. ¢√∞¡Ÿx üÌçí∫†’ °æô’d-éÓ-´úøç †÷Jçô äéπöÀ. °æô’déÓ-´úøç Åçô÷ ïJ-TØ√ ´’† úø•sçû√ ´’†èπ◊ AJ-T-®√ü¿’. éÌEo-≤ƒ®Ω’x üÌçí∫©÷ §ÚM-Ææ’©’ ™«©÷* °æúøôç èπÿú≈ Öçô’çC.) grease the palm= îËûª’©’ ûªúø-°æôç; palm= Å®Ω-îË®·; grease ûÁ©’-Ææ’-éπü∆ – ߪ’çvû√©’, îªv鬩’ ÆæJí¬ éπC-™‰ç-ü¿’èπ◊ Ê°ÊÆ °æü∆®Ωnç. Vasanth: Not all policemen or police officials are corrupt. The amount you've lost is not small either. The Inspector of your area is supposed to be honest. Just give it a try. The police station is close at hand to your place too.

2

irregularities= execution =

Bharath: OK. I will give a report for what it is worth. Let's see what happens.

Åvéπ-´÷©’/ E•ç-üµ¿-†© Ö©xç-°∂æ’†; E®Ωy-£æ«ù; execute = E®Ωy-£œ«ç-îªúøç; Executive = °ü¿l °ü¿l ÆæçÆæn™ x ¢√öÀ Nüµ∆-Ø√©†’ Å´’-©’-°æ-JîË/ E®Ωy-£œ«çîË ÅCµ-é¬J.

(ÆæÍ®. ü∆E N©’´ ü∆EüË Å†ô’d report É*a îª÷≤ƒh†’. àç ï®Ω’-í∫’-ûª’çüÓ îª÷ü∆lç.)

b) The poling staff in one of the booths were acting hand in glove with one of the candidates =

Vasanth: Good luck. ☺

☺

☺

äéπ polling Íéçvü¿ç-™E Æœ•sçC, äéπ Ŷµºu-JnûÓ èπ◊´’t-éπ\-ߪ÷u®Ω’.

☺

daily Spoken English real life situations

c) Some times the police are hand in glove with criminals =

™

™ î√™« ≤ƒüµ∆-®Ω-ùçí¬ NE-°œçîË hand ûÓ ´îËa ´’J-éÌEo Ö°æ-ßÁ÷-í∫-éπ-®Ω-¢Á’i† ´÷ô©’ Ñ≤ƒJ ûÁ©’-Ææ’-èπ◊çü∆ç.

-Ççí∫x-¶µ«-≠æ-ù

b) I don't have the information at hand now. Wait for an hour and I can get it for you.=

Ç Ææ´÷-î√®Ωç/ N´-®√©’ v°æÆæ’hûªç Ø√ ü¿í∫_®Ω ™‰´¤. í∫çô-ÊÆ-§ƒí∫’. Fé¬ N´-®√©’ ÅçC≤ƒh. c) The exams are close at hand and you haven't even started preparation =

°æK-éπ~©’ ü¿í∫_®Ω °æúø’-ûª’-Ø√o®·. †’Nyçé¬ ÆæØ√o-£æ…™‰ ¢Á·ü¿©’ °ôd-™‰ü¿’. d) The doctor is close at hand. Consult him= Doctor

ü¿í∫_Í® ÖØ√oúø’ éπü∆. Çߪ’-†o-úø’í∫’. È®çúø’ N≠æ-ߪ÷©’/ Éü¿l®Ω’ ´uèπ◊h©’ éπLÆœ Öçúøôç/ äéπ-ü∆-E-éÌ-éπöÀ ÅN-Ø√-¶µ«´ Ææç•çüµ¿ç Öçúøôç.

3) Go hand in hand =

a) Over eating and illness go hand in hand=

éÌEo-≤ƒ®Ω’x §ÚMÆæ’©’ ØË®Ω-í¬-∞¡xûÓ ™«©÷* °æúø’ûª’ç-ö«®Ω’.

398

ÅAí¬ A†úøç ï•’s©÷ éπLÊÆ Öçö«®·. (ÅAí¬ A†úøç ´©x ï•’s©’ ´≤ƒh®· éπ*a-ûªçí¬)

Industr y and success go hand in hand

(Åçü¿®Ω’ §ÚM-Ææ’©’, ÅCµ-é¬-®Ω’©’ ÅN-F-A°æ-®Ω’-©’-鬮Ω’. ÅçûË-é¬-èπ◊çú≈ †’´¤y §ÚíÌ-ô’dèπ◊†o úø•’s ûªèπ◊\-¢Ëç-é¬ü¿’. v°æߪ’-Aoç. Police station O’ ÉçöÀ-ü¿-í∫_Í® èπÿú≈†’.) Bharath: The thief that has stolen my money seems to be an old hand at it. He left no traces whatever of his crime. Thieves must be clever fellows, as I can see now.

(Ø√ úø•’s üÌçT-Lç-*† üÌçí∫ î√™« ņ’¶µº-´-VcúÕ™« ÖØ√oúø’. áéπ\ú≈ ûª† ØË®√-EéÀ Ææç•ç-Cµç-*† í∫’®Ω’h©’ ´ü¿-©-™‰ü¿’. üÌçí∫©’ î√™« ûÁL-¢Áj† ¢√∞¡Ÿxí¬ Öçö«®ΩE Ø√éÀ-°æ¤púø’ ûÁ©’-≤ÚhçC.)

v°æ¨¡o: -O’®Ω’

2) close/ near at hand =

îË®Ω’´/ ÆæO’°æç/ ü¿í∫_®Ω/ ÅA-ü¿-í∫_®Ω (Ææn©ç/ Ææçü¿®Ωs¥ç/ ´uéÀh) Öçúøôç.

1) Hand in glove =

a) We see daily reports in news papers that engineers and contractors are hand in glove in the irregularities in the execution of projects = projects

¢√®√h °ævA-éπ™x ®ÓW éπü∑¿-Ø√©’ îª÷Ææ÷hØË E®Ωy-£æ«ù™ ïJÍí Åvéπ-´÷-©™ Öçö«ç– Éç>-F®Ω’x é¬çvö«-éπd®Ω’x ᙫ èπ◊´’t-éπ\-´¤-ûª’-Ø√o®Ó.

®√E¢√öÀ™ äéπöÀ ÅE îÁ§ƒp®Ω’.

ÅÆæ©’ E ™ îÁ§ƒpL éπü∆? Ç Nüµ¿çí¬ í¬

BÆæ’-èπ◊-ØË-¢√∞¡Ÿx ņ-éπ\-Í®xü¿’ Åçõ‰ ÆæJ-§Úéπü∆! ûª’çC. ÉD Åô’-´ç-öÀüË éπü∆! Belong °æéπ\† èπÿú≈ ing form ´Ææ’hçC é¬F ‘is’ ûÓ éπL-°œ-®√ü¿’. ‘check your belongings before you leave’ Åçö«ç éπü∆! - O.V.Laxmi, Kanuru

O’®Ω’ îÁ§ƒp-©-†’-èπ◊-†o-üËçö Ææp≠ædçí¬ ûÁ-L-ߪ’-úøç ™‰ü¿’. Belong am/ is/ are + ing form ™ ¢√úøç ÅØË N≠æ-ߪ’-¢Ë’í¬ O’®Ωç-ô’-†oC. That certainly is right. Belong †’ am/ is/ are + ing form ™ ¢√úøç -Å-E -îÁ°æp-úøç-™ ÖüËl¨¡ç §ƒ®∏Ωèπ◊-©-†’ ÅC¢√-úø-èπ◊çú≈ îËÊÆç-ü¿’Íé.  äéπ belong ´÷vûª¢Ë’ é¬èπ◊çú≈ am/ is/ are + ing form ™ ¢√úøE verbs †’ üˆo-®·Ø√, Öûªh ... ing form í¬ (ü∆EéÀ ´·çü¿’, am/ is/ are ™‰èπ◊çú≈) ¢√--úÌa- éπü∆?

a) Loving the poor is the quality of great people=

Match the words under A with their meanings under B A

b) Hoping to get a high rank he studied well. c) Needing my help he came to me. d) Belonging to this group is an honour.

v°æ¨¡o: i)

- ¢Ë’-´· ®Ó-W °œ-©x-©-†’ -îª-C-NÆæ’hç-ö«-´·. ii) -¢Ë’-´· -Ç-ô-©’ -Ç-úÕ≤ƒh-´·. iii) ؈’ Nü∆u-®Ω’n-©†’ Çô©’ ÇúÕç-î√†’. iv) ؈’ Nü∆u-®Ω’n-©†’ îªC-Nç-î√†’. ÅØË ¢√é¬u-©†’ ÉçTx-≠ˇ™ ᙫ îÁ§ƒpL? – Èé.®√-´’-éπ%≠æg, §Ú≤ƒ-E-Ê°ô, ÅçüÓ©’

ï¢√•’:

B

1. Feeble

A. oppose

2. Grave

B. abandon

3. Object

C. accept

5. Desert

D. weak E. violent F. serious

Ê°ü¿-¢√-∞¡x†’ vÊ°N’ç-îªôç íÌ°æp¢√∞¡x ©éπ~ùç.

G. confront 1-D. Feeble= weak =

•©£‘«†¢Á’i†/ F®Ω-Ææçí¬ Ö†o. She was too feeble to walk=

†úø-´-™‰-†çûª •©-£‘«-†çí¬ ÖçC. He was old and spoke in a feeble voice =

Åûª†’ ´%ü¿’l¥úø’, •©-£‘«-†-¢Á’i† íÌçûª’ûÓ ´÷ö«x-ú≈úø’. X strong/ robust (•©çí∫©)

1. We make the students study (everyday) 3. I have made the students play

Bv´-¢Á’i†/ í∫çHµ-®Ω-¢Á’i†. The consequences of your action will be very grave. =

4. I made the students study.

v°æ¨¡o: ؈’ Ç °æE îË®·-≤ƒh†’ ÅØË ¢√é¬uEo English ™ ᙫ îÁ§ƒpL?

ï¢√•’:

– ñ„.Èé.-v°æ-≤ƒü˛, ïí∫_-†o-Ê°ô I will get/ have it done. á´-J-îËûª îË®·çîËC ûÁLÊÆh/ I will make him/ her/ somebody do it.

EXERCISE (concern = worry; Grave

Åçõ‰ ´÷´‚©’ Å®Ωnç Ææ´÷Cµ; grave X light.) 3-A. Object = oppose=

(Ééπ\úø) Ŷµºuç-ûª®Ωç ûÁ©-°æúøç/ ÇÍé~-°œçîªúøç.

They objected to my presence at the meeting =

Key and explanation:

2-F. Grave = serious =

2. We make them play

career ™ ®√ùÀç-îªôç, communication ØÁj°æ¤ùuç È®çúø÷ éπLÊÆ Öçö«®·. (communication ØÁj°æ¤ùuç Öçõ‰ØË career ™ ®√ùÀç-îªí∫©ç.)

Ééπ\-úÕéÀ ü¿í∫_-®Ω™ shops àO’-™‰´¤. àC 鬢√-©Ø√o î√™« ü¿÷®Ωç ¢Á∞«x-LqçüË.

M.SURESAN

îÁúø’ N≠æ-ߪ÷™x/ ØË®√™x/ ®Ω£æ«Ææu N≠æ-ߪ÷™x éÌçü¿®Ω’ èπ◊´’t-éπ\-´úøç.

F Ωu °∂æL-û√©’ î√™« Bv´çí¬ Öçö«®·. It is a matter of grave concern, the missing of the child =

éπ%≠œ, Nïߪ’ç á°æ¤púø÷ äéπ-ü∆-EûÓ äéπöÀ Öçö«®·. (éπ%≠œ Öçõ‰ Nïߪ’ç ûª°æpü¿’)

c) Communication abilities and career prospects go hand in hand =

a) We don't have any shops close/ near at hand. For everything we have to go long distances. =

4. Fierce

is + ing form belong Regular Doing Actions simple present ‘This land belongs to him’ - correct. Regular milk ‘I am drinking milk’ ‘ I drink milk’

ï¢√•’:

Look at the following expressions from the conversation above: 1) Sometimes they are hand in glove with thieves. 2) The police station is close at hand to your place. 3) Cleverness and crime go hand in hand.

b) Industry and success go hand in hand =

Ç Gúøf ûª°œp-§Ú-´úøç î√™« Bv´-¢Á’i† ÇçüÓ-∞¡† éπL-Tç-îËCí¬ ÖçC.

؈-éπ\úø Öçúø-ö«-EéÀ ¢√∞¡Ÿx Ŷµºuçûª®Ωç ûÁL-§ƒ®Ω’. They object to the way she dresses =

Ç¢Á’ •ôd©’ üµ¿JçîË B®Ω’†’ ¢√∞¡Ÿx ÇÍé~-°œ-≤ƒh®Ω’. Object ûª®√yûª to ´Ææ’hçC. ü∆E ûª®√yûª noun é¬F, ... ing form é¬F ´Ææ’hçC. I object to noise (noun)=

íÌúø-´çõ‰ Ø√éπ-¶µºuç-ûª®Ωç. I object to wasting (... ing form) money = X allow.

úø•’s ´%ü∑∆ îËߪ’úøç Ø√éπ-¶µºuç-ûª®Ωç.

4-E. Fierce = violent =

üˆ®Ωb-†u-éπ-®Ω-¢Á’i†/ £œ«ç≤ƒ-ߪ·-ûª-¢Á’i†. The Tiger is a fierce animal=

°æ¤L £œ«çÆœçîË ïçûª’´¤ (vèπÿ®Ω´’%í∫ç). Bv´-¢Á’i† §ÚöÃE èπÿú≈ fierce competition Åçö«ç.

There is fierce competition between the two parties. fierce X mild/ gentle. 5-B. Desert = abandon =

(á´-J-ØÁjØ√/ üˆo-®·Ø√) °æöÀdç--éÓ-èπ◊çú≈ EÆæq-£æ…ߪ’çí¬ ´C-™‰-ߪ’úøç. The man deserted his wife and children =

ûª† ¶µ«®Ωu†’, °œ©xLo ´C-™‰-¨»-úøûª†’ (Cèπ◊\-™‰-E-¢√-∞¡Ÿxí¬ î˨»úø’). A deserted place = ã v°æü˨»Eo Åéπ\úÕ ¢√∞¡xç-ü¿®Ω÷ ë«S-îËÆœ ¢ÁRx-§ÚûË ÅC deserted place Å´¤-ûª’çC. The police found the room deserted =

Ç í∫C E®√t-†’-≠æuçí¬ Öçúøôç îª÷¨»®Ω’ §ÚM-Ææ’©’. Desert Åçõ‰ NCµ-E-®Ωy-£æ«ù †’ç* §ƒJ-§Ú-´úøç èπÿú≈. The policeman deserted his post of duty =

á´J ņ’-´’A ™‰èπ◊çú≈/ á´JûÓ îÁ°æp-èπ◊çú≈ Ç §ÚMÆæ’ ¢ÁRx§Ú-ߪ÷úø’/ §ƒJ-§Ú-ߪ÷úø’. desert (´C-L-¢Ë-ߪ’ôç)x support desert (§ƒJ-§Ú-´úøç) x stay desert (NCµ-E-®Ωy-£æ«ù †’ç* ¢ÁRx§Ú-´úøç) x attend. desert - áú≈J ÅØË Å®Ωnç èπÿú≈ Öçü¿E ´’†èπ◊ ûÁ©’Ææ’.

Spoken English -§ƒ-ûª -¢√u≤ƒ-©éÓÆæç -éÀxé˙ -îË-ߪ’ç-úÕ.. URL: http://www.eenadu.net/spoken/spoken.htm

-Ç-C-¢√®Ωç 23 -úÕÂÆç-•®Ω’ 2007

Ñ-Ø√-úø’ £j«-ü¿®√-¶«-ü˛

v°æ¨¡o: 1. Big, large, great

– Ñ ´‚úÕçöÀ Å®Ωnç äéπõ‰ éπü∆! àßË’ Ææçü¿®√s¥™x Ö°æ-ßÁ÷-Tç-î√™ ûÁ©-°æçúÕ. 2. éÀçC-¢√-é¬u-©†’ Ççí∫xç™ ᙫ ®√ߪ÷™ N´-JçîªçúÕ. i) Ç°∂‘-ÆæÍ®x Ø√ éÌç°æ ´·ç*çvúø’. ii) Ææçï-ß˝’-ü¿-û˝èπ◊ ´’üµ¿uç-ûª®Ω ¶„®·™¸ üÌJ-éÀçC. iii) ¶µº÷§Ú®Ω’ ´’Jçûª ñ®Ω’. iv) v§ƒñ„-èπ◊d-©èπ◊ û√uí∫-üµ¿-†’© Ê°®Ω’x °úÕûË ûªÊ°pçöÀ. v) ü¿’èπ◊\©’ ü¿’Ø√o®Ω’. Cèπ◊\©’ îª÷Ææ’h-Ø√o®Ω’. 3. ü˨¡-¶µ«-≠æèπ◊ ™‰E v§ƒüµ∆†uç Ççí∫x-¶µ«-≠æ-Èéç-ü¿’éÓ ûÁ©°æçúÕ. – ߪ’ç.®Ωç-í∫ߪ’u, É©xçü¿ ï¢√•’: 1. Big, large- Ñ È®çúø÷ èπÿú≈ ´Ææ’h-´¤© °æJ-´÷ù«Eo (size †’) ûÁ©’-°æ¤-û√®·. °ü¿l-üÁj† ÅØË Å®ΩnçûÓ spoken English ™ large éπØ√o big áèπ◊\-´í¬ ¢√úøû√ç. Large éÌClí¬ ví¬çC∑éπç. He needs a big sized shirt./ This shirt is too big for him Ready made companies, commercial Ads big large large size/ extra large size etc. spoken English A big group/ a big company/ a big car, etc / a big city/ country

(Å®·ûË

© •ü¿’©’

™

-ü¿’Ææ’hèπ◊

¢√úø’-ûª’ç-ö«®Ω’: É™« ™ Å®Ω’ü¿’.)

-v°æ-¨¡o: Sir, I have some doubts of telugu translations relating to modal auxiliaries. 1. a) I shall have completed the work. b) I should have completed the work. 2. a) I will have completed the work. b) I would have completed the work. 3. a) I can have completed the work. b) I could have completed the work. 4. a) I may have completed the work. b) I might have completed the work. 5. I need have completed the work. 6. I ought to have completed the work. 7. I must have completed the work Explain the difference in Telugu.
Suggest me a good book for collocations & some informal English dictionaries & informal spoken English books.

–Èé.®√-´’-éπ%≠æg, ê´’tç

ï¢√•’: 1. a)

؈’ (future ™ äéπ Ææ´’-ߪ’ç-™°æ¤) °æE °æ‹Jh îËÆœ Öçö«†’. b) ؈’ °æE °æ‹Jh îËߪ÷-LqçC (í∫ûªç™) é¬F îËߪ’-™‰ü¿’. 2. a) = 1 a) = ؈’ future ™ äéπ °æE-°æ‹Jh

-v°æ-¨¡o: ü¿ßª’-

îËÆœ ¢√∞¡x†’ èπÿ®Óa-¶„-ôdçúÕ. ii) Ask them to sit down-

iii)

Åçö«ç. ≤ƒ´÷-†uçí¬ written language ™ØË É™«çöÀ îÓôx big Å®ΩnçûÓ large ¢√-úø-û√ç. Big, ´’†’-≠æfl-©èπ◊ ¢√úÕ-†-°æ¤púø’, ´’J-éÌEo Ææçü¿-®√s¥™ x, °ü¿l (´ßª’-Ææ’™) ¢√∞¡Ÿx, ´·êu-¢Á’i† ¢√∞¡Ÿx ÅØË Å®Ωnç ´Ææ’hçC. He is a big man / is in a big position Åçö«ç, Åûª-úø’ î√™« v°æ´·-ê’úø’ ÅØË Å®ΩnçûÓ. Large É™«çöÀ îÓôx ¢√úøç. A large man Åçõ‰ £æ…≤ƒu-EéÀ ¶«í¬ ™«´¤í¬ Ö†o ´’E≠œ ÅØË Å®Ωnç ´Ææ’hçC. Big èπ◊ ´·êu-¢Á’i-†/ -ÅA ´·êu-¢Á’i† ÅØË Å®Ωnç ÖçC. Today is the big day of her life/ Sancranthi is a big festival for the hindus. large Large Great = A great city size

Ééπ\úø

¢√-úøç. éÀ äÍé Å®Ωnç: °ü¿l-üÁj†. íÌ°æp. Ñ ´÷ô ã í∫’ùç™ íÌ°æp-ü¿-Ø√Eo Ééπ\úø †í∫®Ωç Ææ÷*-Ææ’hçC. éπç-õ‰, †í∫®Ωç v§ƒ´·-êu-ûªèπ◊ v§ƒüµ∆†uç. ÅçûË-é¬èπ◊çú≈ ´’†ç îª÷úø-™‰E/ û√éπ-™‰E ´Ææ’h-´¤© °æJ-´÷ù«EéÀ (size), great ¢√úøû√ç. She showed great courage = Ç¢Á’ íÌ°æp/ áèπ◊\´ ≤ƒ£æ«-≤ƒEo îª÷°œçC. Sita had great patience - íÌ°æp Ææ£æ«†ç. – É™«çöÀ îÓôx big/ large ®√´¤. í∫´’-Eç-îªç-úÕ: A large number/ a large amount

/ a large quantity, etc. (a large amount = amount =

úø•’s °ü¿l ¢Á·ûªhç™) °j expressions ™ N’í∫-û√-¢√-öÀ™x ≤ƒ´÷-†uçí¬ big ¢√úøç.

àüÁjØ√ °ü¿l ¢Á·ûªhç™ A big

2. i) It is the officers that ruined me/ the officers ditched me. ii) Sanjaydutt got interim bail. iii) Land struggle intensified (for that) iv) What is wrong in naming projects after people of sacrifice?/ after people who have made sacrifices? v)

ü¿’èπ◊\©’ ü¿’Ø√o®Ω’...

= They have ploughed the field and

are waiting for rain. 3.

î√J-vûªéπ 鬮Ω-ù«-© -´-™‰x Ççí∫x-¶µ«≠æèπ◊ v§ƒüµ∆-†uç. ü∆ü∆°æ¤ 200 à∞¡x§ƒô’, v°æ°æçîª Ææí∫-¶µ«-í¬Eo English -¢√-∞¡Ÿx §ƒLç-îªúøç ÅA ´·êué¬-®Ωùç. È®çúÓC English ¢√∞¡Ÿx America êçú≈™x (Canada ûÓ Ææ£æ…), Australia ™ ´©Ææ ¢ÁRx Æœn®Ω-°æ-úÕ-§Ú-´úøç. ´‚úÓC, Éûª®Ω ¶µ«≠æ© ´÷ô©†’ -ûª-†-Cí¬ -îËÆæ’éÓí∫-© -¨¡éÀh English ¶µ«≠æèπ◊ -Öç-úø-ôç. Ø√©’íÓC science and Technology éÀ Ææç•ç-Cµç-*† ÅGµ-´%-Cl¥éÀ Åçû√ English ´÷ö«xúË ¢√∞¡Ÿx áèπ◊\-´í¬ -Ççí∫x-¶µ«-≠æ-ù 399 鬮Ωùç Å´-úøç.

He wanted to go too

ÅE ´Ææ’h-´¤-©èπ◊ îÁ•’û√ç. ÅE èπÿú≈

i) Please make them sit down-

2

¢√∞¡x†’ èπÿ®Óa´’E îÁ°æpçúÕ. – °j ûÁ©’í∫’ ¢√é¬u-©èπ◊ ÉçTx≠ˇ ¢√é¬u©’ correct Å´¤ØÓ é¬üÓ ûÁ©-°æçúÕ. ûª°æp-®·ûË ÆæÈ®j† Ææ´÷-üµ∆-Ø√©’ N´-Jç-îªçúÕ. äéπ Nü∆uJn î√™« ûÁL-¢Áj-†-¢√úø’. v°æB N≠æ-ߪ’ç-™†÷. Åçõ‰ all rounder ņo´÷ô.'†’´¤y all rounder N ¢Ë’´· à´’E °œ©-¢√L— ņ-ú≈-EéÀ English ™

-v°æ-¨¡o: Oxford advanced learner's dictionary ''proverbs and sayings''

™ *´-®Ω† Éî√a®Ω’. Åçü¿’™ Íé´©ç ¢√öÀ Å®√n©’ ´÷vûª¢Ë’ ûÁL§ƒ®Ω’. é¬F ¢√öÀE ¢√é¬u™x ᙫ Ö°æ-ßÁ÷-Tç-î√™ ûÁ©-°æ-™‰ü¿’. Ææçü¿®√s¥Eo •öÀd ¢√öÀE ¢√úø-ö«-EéÀ, °æô’d ≤ƒCµç-îª-ú≈-EéÀ àüÁjØ√ °æ¤Ææhéπç Ææ÷*ç-îªçúÕ.– á-™¸.-v¨»-´u, -†ç-ü∆u-©

ï¢√•’: Oxford Advanced Learner's Dictionary proverbs

O’®Ω’

™ØË Ç èπ◊ Ææç•ç-Cµç-*† ´÷ô© ü¿í∫_®Ω îª÷ÊÆh, ¢√öÀÀ Å®Ωnç éπE°œÆæ’hçC. A stitch in time saves nine - ÉC proverb éπü∆? Oxford Advanced Learner's Dictionary stitch proverb

™, ´÷ôèπ◊ èπ◊ É*a† Å®√n-™x Ñ Å®Ωnç èπÿú≈ ÖçC, îª÷úøçúÕ. ÉçÍé book îª÷ú≈-Lq† Å´-Ææ®Ωç ™‰ü¿’.

9. What about your parents? - What is about your v°æ¨¡o: îËÆœ Öçö«†’ (ņ’-èπ◊†o Ææ´’éÀçC-¢√-é¬u™x ¢Á·ü¿-öÀC O’ lessons ™-C. È®çúÓ parents? ߪ’ç-™°æ¤). ¢√éπuç -ØË-†’ 'to' †’ 'use' îËÆœ ®√¨»†’. Åéπ\úø to 10. I will send it through Ramu - I will send it by b) °æE- °æ‹Jh îËÆæ’ç-úË¢√úÕE é¬F Ramu. use îËߪ’-´î√a? É™«çöÀ ¢√é¬u™x to ᙫ, îËߪ’-™‰ü¿’. ÅÆæ © ’ áéπ \ úø ¢√ú≈™ N´J çî ª í ∫ © ®Ω ’ . – -ñ„-GÆœ, -ê-´’tç 3. a) °æE °æ‹Jh îËߪ’-í∫-L-Íí-¢√-úÕE – Does she think of going home Does 1. ï¢√•’: ÉC ü∆ü∆°æ¤ ¢√úø-éπç™ ™‰ü¿’ – she think of going to home. M.SURESAN ÉC ¢√úøç. 1, 2, 4, 5 & 6. Home, there, here - OöÀ-´·çü¿’ to 2. I go there every sunday - I go to there b) îËߪ’-í∫-LÍí ¢√úÕE é¬F îËߪ’®√ü¿’. Go home, go there, come here etc. every sunday. ™‰ü¿’. 3. Talk to you = Talk with you (Both correct). 3. He wants to talk you - He wants to talk to you - He 4. a) °æE °æ‹Jh îËÊÆ-¢√-úÕ-ØË¢Á÷?(doubt) (preWithout somebody / something = äéπ®Ω’ / äéπ wants to talk with you (with ¢√úø-´î√a?) sent) N≠æߪ’ç ™‰èπ◊çú≈ – without ûª®√yûª of á°æ¤púø÷ ¢√úøç. 4. He wishes to go home - He wishes to go to home. b) °æE-°æ‹Jh îËÆæ’ç-úË-¢√-úÕ-ØË¢Á÷ (doubt8. Grateful (éπ%-ûª-Vc-©’í¬ Öçúøôç) 5. He is coming here tomorrow- He is coming to here past) tomorrow. I am grateful to you ( ´uéÀh ´·çü¿’ to) for this 5. a) É™«çöÀ îÓôx need have + pp ¢√úøç– 6. I am going there next week- I am going to there help (à N≠æ-ߪ÷-EéÀ Å-ØË ü∆E ´·çü¿’, for) need not have + pp (not ûÓØË) next week. I am grateful to your help ÆæJ-é¬ü¿’. O’ Ææ£æ…-ߪ÷-EéÀ ¢√úøû√ç = îËÆæ’çúË Å´-Ææ®Ωç ™‰ü¿’. é¬F Å™«Íí éÀçC-¢√-é¬u©’ èπÿú≈ îª÷úøçúÕ. (N≠æߪ’ç) 鬕öÀd ü∆E ´·çü¿’, for ®√¢√L. î˨»†’. 7. Without him the picnic can't be fun - Without of 9. What about something? / somebody? - Ééπ\úø 6. °æE îËÆæ’çú≈LqçC (ÅC Ø√ üµ¿®Ωtç) é¬F him the picnic can't be fun. What ûª®√yûª is ™«çöÀ verbs àO ®√´¤. îËߪ’-™‰ü¿’. 8. I am grateful to you for your help - I am grateful to 10. Send it through, correct. By - wrong. 7. °æE îËÊÆ Öçö«†’ éπ*a-ûªçí¬. your help. (He must have forgotten it = -Å-ûªúø’ ü∆Eo ´’Ja-§ÚßË’ Öçö«úø’.) v°æ¨¡o: Å-ûª-úø’ èπÿú≈ ¢Á∞«l-´’-†’-èπ◊-Ø√oúø’. Cambridge Dictionary of collocations 1. To éÀ, Too éÀ ´’üµ¿u Ææç•çüµ¿ç, ¢√öÀE á°æ¤p-úÁ-°æ¤púø’ ★ Too = ÅA. It is too costly = ÅC Åûªuçûª üµ¿®Ω (؈’ Ö°æ-ßÁ÷-í∫-éπ®Ωç Ñ N≠æ-ߪ’ç™. Read novels to Ö°æ ß Á ÷ T ≤ ƒh ® Ω ’ ? N´J çî ª ç úÕ . é̆-™‰-†’/- éÌ-††’). improve your spoken English skills. Read 2. °æ ô ’d ü ¿ © ûÓ é¬¢√© E, îË ß ª ÷ © E ÅØË °æ ü ∆© †’ ÉçTx ≠ ˇ ™  Too... to È®çúø÷ éπL°œ É™« ¢√-úø-û√ç. India Today and such other English ûÁL°œ, éÌEo Öü∆-£æ«-®Ω-ù©’ É´yçúÕ. magazines. He is too selfish to help others = – áç.Çç-ï-ØË-ߪ·©’, Èé.Ø√-Íí-¨¡y-®Ω-®√´¤, ¢Á·©-í∫-´Lx Åûªúø’ Éûª-®Ω’-©èπ◊ Ææ£æ…-ߪ’-°æ-úø-†çûª ≤ƒy®Ωn-°æ-®Ω’úø’. You are all rounder what we call ï¢√•’: 2. °æô’d-ü¿-©ûÓ= with perseverance/ tenacity. you Å-†-úøç éπ®Ω-ÍédØ√? 1. To èπ◊, too èπ◊ Ææç•çüµ¿ç ™‰-ü¿’-éπü∆? To Åçõ‰ ¢√∞¡x-èπ◊/ She showed a lot of perseverance/ tenacity and iv) ´÷ éÓî˝ ´™‰x ÉC (prize) Ø√èπ◊ ´*açC -ä-éπ-JéÀ ÅØË Å®ΩnçûÓ, to them, to him, to her, to finally won = Ç-¢Á’ íÌ°æp °æô’d-ü¿© éπ†-•-®Ω* ≤ƒCµç-*çC. Ram, to Lakshman ÅE ¢√-úø-û√ç. I gave it to ņo ¢√é¬u-EéÀ ÉçTx-≠ˇ™ By my coach. 鬢√-©-F/- îË-ߪ÷-©F (ÖüËl-¨¡u-°æ‹-®Ωy-éπçí¬)= Intentionally/ Ram = ®√çèπ◊ Éî√a†’. äéπ îÓöÀéÀ ÅØË Å®ΩnçûÓ ¢√-úøI got it Åçõ‰ ÆæJ-§Ú-ûª’çü∆?deliberately. û√ç. To Hyderabad, To Nellore = £j«ü¿-®√-¶«-ü˛èπ◊, – îªç-öÀ, -N-¨»-ê°æ-ôoç a) He intentionally delayed starting so that he would ØÁ©÷x-®Ω’èπ◊ ÅE. °∂晫E time ´®Ωèπ◊ ÅØË Å®ΩnçûÓ from ï¢√•’: miss the train and stay at home = Train ûª°œp-§Ú®· 10 to 4 (10 †’ç* 4 ´®Ωèπ◊) ÅE Åçö«ç. i) Correct. ÉçöxØË Öçú≈-©E, ÖüËl-¨¡-°æ‹-®Ωy-éπç-í¬-ØË/- é¬-¢√-©E -Å-ûª-úø’ To go, to come, to see ™«çöÀ infinitives ™, to Ç©-Ææuçí¬ •ßª’-©’-üË-®√úø’. ii) You are an all rounder. What shall go = ¢Á∞¡x-ö«-E-éÀ/ -¢Á-∞¡xôç/ ¢Á∞¡x-ôç/ -¢Á-∞«l-´’E, – É™« b) She deliberately appeared in ordinary clothes so we call you? ¢√-úø-û√ç. that people might not know she was rich = Ç-¢Á’ iii) I got it because of my coach (by my ★ Too = Also = èπÿú≈. Éûª -®Ω’©’ ûª†’ üµ¿E-èπ◊-®√-L-†E ûÁ©’-Ææ’-éÓ-èπ◊çú≈ -ÖçúËç-ü¿’èπ◊, coach Ééπ\úø ÆæJ-é¬ü¿’). He wanted to go too = 鬢√-©ØË, ´÷´‚©’ -ü¿’Ææ’h-©’ ¢ËÆæ’èπ◊çC.

Spoken English -§ƒ-ûª -¢√u≤ƒ-©éÓÆæç -éÀxé˙ -îË-ߪ’ç-úÕ.. URL: http://www.eenadu.net/spoken/spoken.htm

-´’çí∫-∞¡-¢√®Ωç 25 -úÕÂÆç-•®Ω’ 2007

-Ççí∫x-¶μ«-≠æ-ù

Ñ-Ø√-úø’ £j«-ü¿®√-¶«-ü˛

400

June 12, 2005 ken English course. lessons

4 0 0

† v§ƒ®Ωç-¶μº-´’-®·uçC ´’† spoÉC 400th lesson. E®Ωçûª-®√-ߪ’çí¬ ÉEo °æ‹Jh îËߪ’-í∫-L-T-†ç-ü¿’èπ◊ áç-ûÓ ÆæçûÓ-≠æçí¬ ÖçC. Ñ achievement èπ◊ ´·êu-é¬-®Ωùç, §ƒ®∏Ω-èπ◊© Å°æ‹®Ωy Ææpçü¿†. Ñ course î√™« Ö°æ-ßÁ÷-í∫-°æ-úÕç-ü¿F, English üμÁj®Ωuçí¬ ´÷ö«x-úø-í∫-©’-í∫’-ûª’-Ø√o´’E ®√Æœ† §ƒ®∏Ω-èπ◊-™„ç-ü¿®Ó! °æôdù, English medium ™ îªC-N†-¢√-∞¡⁄x, °æ‹Jhí¬ ví¬O’ù ØË°æ-ü∑¿u ûÁ©’í∫’ medium ¢√--∞¡⁄x -v°æ-AÆæpç-CÆæ’h-Ø√o®Ω’. Ñ lessons -†’ -Éçé¬ áèπ◊\´ Ö°æ-ßÁ÷-í∫-°æúË-™« -Åç-C≤ƒhç. Éçûª-´-®Ωèπ◊ ´*a† lessons èπ◊ Ææç-•ç-Cμç-* éÌEo ´·êu-¢Á’i† Ææ÷îª-†©’:  v°æA lesson Ææç¶μ«-≠æù (ã conversation) ûÓ v§ƒ®Ωç-¶μº-´’-´¤-ûª’çC éπüΔ? Ñ Ææç¶μ«-≠æ-ù†’ O’®Ω’ ´÷´‚-©’í¬ îªü¿-´ôç é¬èπ◊çú≈ spoken English ™ ÇÆæéÀh Ö†o ´’®Ó ´uéÀhûÓ îÁ®Ó §ƒvûªí¬ lesson ™E Ææç¶μ«-≠æ-ù†’ practise îËߪ’çúÕ. Ç ûª®√yûª §ƒvûª ´÷Ja ´’Sx practise îËߪ’çúÕ.  Ñ 400 lessons ™E Ææç¶μ«-≠æ-ù©’ (at the beginning of each lesson) Eûªu @N-ûªç-™E üΔüΔ°æ¤ ÅEo Ææçü¿-®√s¥© í∫’Jç* ÖØ√o®·. Ñ dialogues O’®Ω’ Åüμ¿u-ߪ’†ç îËߪ’úøç ´©x, °æ©-éπ-Jç°æ¤/ èπ◊¨¡-©-´’-úÕÍí ´÷ô© ü¿í∫_-®Ω’oç*, î√™« ÆæçéÀx≠æd Ææçü¿-®√s¥™x (complex situations) üΔé¬ ¢√úË simple (Ææ®Ω-∞¡-¢Á’i†), natural (Ææ£æ«-ï-¢Á’i†) spoken English forms O’ English conversation ™ ¶μ«í∫-´’-´¤-û√®·. Then Chakora: Chakita is the girl who told me about it.

(Ø√éÃ-N-≠æߪ’ç îÁ°œp† Å´÷t®· îªéÀûª)

Champa: She is the girl who saw it all happen. So what she told you must be correct. correct

(ïJ-TçC îª÷ÆœçC ûªØË. 鬕öÀd Ç¢Á’ í¬ØË Öçú≈L.) îÁ°œpçC

Chakora: The information I had had earlier was different. So you say Chakita's information is more reliable.

you can speak English with ease.



(≤˘©-¶μºuçûÓ. v°æߪ’-ûªoçîËÆœ ´÷ö«x-úÕ-†-ô’x-é¬-èπ◊çú≈). î√™« lessons ™ É*a† vocabulary (°æü¿-Ææ-´·-üΔߪ’ç/ ´÷ô©’) ´’† Eûªu @N-ûªç™ ûª®Ωîª÷ ¢√úË¢Ë English ™. ¢√öÀE èπÿú≈ ´’®Ó-≤ƒJ îª÷úøçúÕ.

 Voice (Active & Passive), Degrees of comparison, Direct and Indirect speechgrammar exercises practise

OöÀE

í¬ îËߪ’-éπçúÕ. Å´-Ææ-®Ω-¢Á’i-†-°æ¤púø’ Ææçü¿-®√s¥-EéÀ ûªT-†-ô’dí¬ ¢√öÀE ᙫ ¢√ú≈™ ûÁL-ߪ’-°æ-Jî√ç. ¢√öÀE Å™«Íí practise îËߪ’çúÕ. O’®Ω’ äéπ ®Ωéπç sentence ¢√úÕ ¢√öÀE ÉçéÓ ®Ωéπç sentence (voice, degrees, direct & indirect speech) ™éÀ ´÷Í®aç-ü¿’èπ◊ v°æߪ’-Aoç-ü¿’l. Situation †’•öÀd à type of sentence suitable Å´¤-ûª’çüÓ üΔEo ¢√úøçúÕ.

 Get, give, take, see, put, do, talk, walk, sleep, make, hand, go, find, look, come, stand, buy, bring, know, pay, mind, hot, learn, want, mean expressions spoken English lessons practise conversation language simple conversational expressions practise

lessons ing  Most important: ing



´·çü¿’ ´·çü¿’ ™ English pronunciation, public speakèπ◊ Ææç•ç-Cμç-*† N¨Ï-≥ƒ©’ ûÁL-ߪ’-ñ‰≤ƒhç. ¢√öÀE ≤ƒüμ¿† îËߪ’çúÕ. à ¶μ«≠æ-®·Ø√ ÆæJí¬ ´÷ö«x-ú≈-©çõ‰ clarity of think(Ç™-îª-†™x Ææp≠ædûª) Öçõ‰,clarity of speech (´÷ô™x Ææp≠ædûª) Öçô’çC. Åçü¿’-éπE Ææp≠ædçí¬ Ç™-*ç-îªúøç ØË®Ω’a-éÓçúÕ. Ñ´’üμ¿u ´Ææ’h†o vocabulary items ÅFo èπÿú≈ î√™« ≤ƒüμΔ-®Ω-ù-¢Á’i† ´÷ô©’, éÌCladvanced level spoken English ´÷ô©’. ¢√öÀ Å®√n-©ûÓ-§ƒô’, N´-®Ωù, ¢√öÀE ¢√úÕ† sentences, ¢√öÀ pronunciation, ´uA-Í®-鬩’ (Antonyms) ÉÆæ’hØ√oç. OöÀûÓ O’ °æü¿-Ææç-°æü¿ °ç-éÓçúÕ.

™«çöÀ ÅA ≤ƒüμΔ-®Ω-ù-¢Á’i† ´÷ô-©ûÓ ´îËa î√™«-¢√-öÀE Ñ ™ ≤ÚüΔ-£æ«-®Ω-ùçí¬ àßË’ (Increase your word power). îËÆœ O’ É-O Ææ÷-îª-†-©’. á°æp-öÀ-™«Íí O’ ÆæçüË-£æ…©’ ®√ߪ’çúÕ. Ææ´÷-üμΔ-Ø√©’ ´≤ƒh®·, Ææçü¿-®√s¥™x ¢√úÌîÓa ûÁL-ߪ’-ñ‰¨»ç éπüΔ? ¢√ô-Eoç-öÀE v°æ¨¡o© Ææçêu ´©x é¬Ææh Ç©Ææuç 鬴a. We wish all our readers a fur™ ¶μ«í∫çí¬ îËÆæ’-éÓçúÕ. Å°æ¤púË O’ í¬ í¬ Öçô’çC. (ví¬çC∑-éπçí¬, éπ%ûª-éπçí¬ é¬èπ◊çú≈). ther period of purposeful spoken English course. îËߪ’çúÕ. ´·êuçí¬ NNüμ¿ Ææçü¿-®√s¥™x ¢√úË

(Å´¤†’. 15000 ®Ω÷§ƒ-ߪ’© †í∫ü¿’ •£æ›´’A ´*açC. ûªE-°æ¤púø’ ¢ËÆæ’-èπ◊ç-ô’†o necklace Ç úø•’sûÓ é̆oüË.) Chakora: (She) must be a brilliant girl. (ûÁL-¢Áj† °œ™‰x Å®· Öçú≈L.) Champa: Of course. She is. 

2







a) Gandhi was the leader. He preached peace and non violence

(Ç Ø√ߪ’-èπ◊úø’ í¬çCμ. Çߪ’† ¨»çA Å£œ«çÆæ©’ ¶Cμç-î√úø’.) Ñ È®çúÕç-öÀF 'Who' ûÓ É™« éπ©-°æ-´îª’a.

Gandhi was the leader who preached peace and non violence. b) Sachin is the cricketer. He has the record for most runs.

I met a man yesterday. He was my schoolmate. schoolmate)

(E†o ØËØÌ-éπ-ûª-úÕE éπ©’-Ææ’-èπ◊-Ø√o†’. Åûªúø’

Ø√

2) She is a girl who you can always trust. (= She is a girl + you can always trust her-

Ç Å´÷t®· †’¢Áy-°æ¤púø÷ †´’t-ü¿-T† Å´÷t®·). Å®·ûË É™«çöÀ sentences ™ who ´C-™‰-ÆœØ√ ûª°æ¤p™‰ü¿’, simpler èπÿú≈.

She is a girl who you can always tr ust

(Åçûª-èπ◊-´·çü¿’ Ø√èπ◊ ûÁL-Æ œ† Ææ´÷-î√®Ωç Åçü¿’èπ◊ Gμ†oçí¬ ÖçC. Å®·ûË †’´¤y îªéÀûª É*a† Ææ´÷-î√-®Ω¢Ë’ †´’t-ü¿-Tç-ü¿ç-ö«´¤.) reliable = J©-ߪ’-•’™¸ = ÇüμΔ-®Ω-°æ-úø-ü¿-T†/ †´’t-ü¿-T†

Champa: Yea. It is. (Do) you know she is a girl who you can always trust.

(Å´¤†’. ÅçûË. ûª†’ †´’t-ü¿-T† Å´÷t®· ÅE Fèπ◊ ûÁ©’≤ƒ?)

Chakora: I do, of course. But isn't she the girl whose essay got the best prize in the last month's competition?

(ÅC ûÁL-ߪ’Íéç? Ç Å´÷t®· ¢√u≤ƒ-E-Íé-í∫üΔ í∫ûª ØÁ© ¢√uÆæ-®Ω- §ÚöÙx Öûªh´’ •£æ›´’A ´*açC?)

Champa: That's right. She got a cash prize of Rs.15000/-. With it she bought the necklace she wears now.

EXERCISE

advanced level ken English forms

(Ö†o-ûª-≤ƒn®·)spoéÌEo Ñ lesson ™ îª÷üΔlç. (Éçûª-èπ◊-´·çü¿’ lessons ™ Ñ forms †’ éÌçûª ûÁ©’-Ææ’-èπ◊Ø√oç.) È®çúø’ sentences †’ who, which, whose, where ™«çöÀ ´÷ô-©ûÓ á™« éπ©-°æ-´îÓa ûÁ©’Ææ’èπ◊çüΔç. é¬Ææh

= Sachin is the cricketer who has the record for most runs.

Éçûª-èπ◊-´·çü¿’ ´’†ç ûÁ©’-Ææ’-èπ◊Ø√oç éπüΔ? Present day English (ÑØ√öÀ English) ™ whom üΔüΔ°æ¤ Åçûª-Jç-*-§Ú-®·ç-ü¿E, üΔE •ü¿’©’ èπÿú≈ Who ØË ¢√úø’-ûª’-Ø√o´’E. îª÷úøçúÕ:

M.SURESAN Look at the following sentences from the conversation above. The man who I met yesterday was my 1) Chakita is the girl who told me about it. schoolmate. (E†o á´-J-ØÁjûË éπ©’-Ææ’-èπ◊-Ø√oØÓ, 2) She is a girl who you can always trust. Åûªúø’ Ø√ schoolmate- ´÷´‚©’ ûÁ©’í∫’– E†o3) Isn't she the girl whose essay got the best ØË †’ éπ©’-Ææ’-èπ◊-†o-ûª†’ Ø√ schoolmate. §ƒûª prize in the essay competition. English ™ Å®·ûË The man whom I met ... 1) Chakita is the girl. She told me about itÅE ´Ææ’hçC. ´·êuçí¬ spoken English ™ Ñ È®çúø’ sentences †÷ 'Who' ¢√úÕ Â°j† É*a† Whom É°æ¤púø’ ™‰ü¿’.) °j sentence Ñ éÀçC sentence (1) ™™« éπ©’-°æ¤û√ç. sentences †’ éπ©-°æôç ´©x ´Ææ’hçC éπüΔ? Chakita is the girl who told me about it.

He is the leader (who) everyone admires.

ÅGμ-´÷-Eç-îªúøç/ ¢Á’a-éÓ-´úøç)

3) Isn't she the girl? + Her essay got the first prize = Isn't she the girl whose essay got the prize?

á´J (whose) ¢√u≤ƒ-E-ÈéjûË 1st prize ´*açüÓ, Ç¢Á’ Ѣ˒ éπüΔ? ´÷´‚©’ ûÁ©’í∫’- 1st prize ´*açC Ñ¢Á’ ¢√u≤ƒ-EÍé éπüΔ? a) He is the student whose books were stolen.

Ñ Å¶«s®· °æ¤Ææh-鬙‰ á´®Ó üÌçT-Lç-î√®Ω’. b) The man whose car was lost is my friend = friend = friend

á´J é¬È®jûË §Ú®·çüÓ Åûªúø’ Ø√ §Ú®·† é¬®Ω’ Ø√ üË. É™« ´’†ç who, whose, which ¢√úÕ sentences éπ©’-°æ-´îª’a. ÉçéÌEo NüμΔ©’ ´îËa lesson ™.

3-A. Dilemma = fix; (Dilemma- úÕ™„´’ Fix ÅØ√o ÅüË Å®Ωnç. ´÷´‚©’ Å®Ωnç – £æ«èπ◊\-©-ûÓ-§ƒô’ Nüμ¿’©÷ Öçú≈L. – ™„ ØÌéÀ\ °æ©’-èπ◊û√ç) = ÆæçCí∫l¥/ Åö í∫’îªaôç, GTç-îªôç, etc. Éö ûÓîªE °æJ-ÆœnA. Dilemma x resolution (E®Ωgߪ’ç) Pronunciation: Åéπç-°æE – éπç ØÌéÀ\ A B We all know about Lakshmana's 4-E. Vice = wickedness = ü¿’®√t®Ω_ç/ °æ©’-èπ◊û√ç. 1. Accompany A. fix dilemma = ©éπ~ t-ù’úÕ ÆæçCí∫l¥ °æJ-Æ œnA Accompany x avoid (´C-™‰-ߪ’úøç) îÁúø’/ ü¿’®Ωy u-Ææ†ç. Vices †’ áèπ◊\-´í¬ 2. Burden B. agitate ´’†èπ◊ ûÁ©’Ææ’– Whether to stay with ´uÆæ-Ø√©’ ÅØË Å®ΩnçûÓ ¢√úø-û√®Ω’. 2-C. Burden = load = •®Ω’´¤/ ¶μ«®Ωç. 3. Dilemma C. load Sita to protect her or obey her comA man of many vices = î√™« ´uÆæ-Ø√The burden of the school bag is too 4. Vice D. go with mand to go in search of SriRama©’†o ´uéÀh. heavy for the children to carry = 5. Spin E. wickedness Ææ÷\©’ Ææç* °œ©x©’ ¢Á÷ߪ’-™‰-†çûª Æ‘ûª-ûÓØË ÖçúÕ ÇN-úø†’ ®ΩéÀ~ç-îª-úø´÷, Drinking, gambling (Wü¿ç), sex F. turn ™‰èπ◊çõ‰ ÇNúø Çïc v°æ鬮Ωç ®√´·úÕ éÓÆæç ™«çöÀ-´Fo vices. Drugs èπÿú≈ vice. •®Ω’´¤. ANSWERS Indulge in vice = ´uÆæ-Ø√-EéÀ ™†-´úøç/ Å®·ûË burden áèπ◊\-´í¬ •®Ω’´¤, ¶«üμ¿u- ¢Á∞¡x-úø´÷? ÅE. The left parties are in a dilemma ûª © ’ ÅØË Å®Ω n ç ûÓ ¢√úø û √ç. ´uÆæ-Ø√© §ƒ©p-úøôç. 1-D. Accompany= go with = whether to support the nuclear deal He has the burden of educating his He indulges in all vices = Åûª-E-éπEo (äéπ-JûÓ) éπLÆœ ¢Á∞¡xúøç. or to get out of the coalition and face son and marrying off his daughter. ´uÆæ-Ø√©÷ ÖØ√o®·. a mid term poll = Sita accompanied SriRama to the ûª† éÌúø’èπ◊ îªü¿’´¤, èπÿûª’®Ω’ °Rx ¶«üμ¿u- ¢√´’-°æ-é¬~ © ÆæçCí∫l¥ÆœnA– Åù’ ä°æpçü¿ç N≠æ- Vice x virtue (Ææ’í∫’ùç). forests = Å®Ωùu¢√≤ƒ-EéÀ Æ‘ûª X®√-´·-úÕûÓ (éπLÆœ) ¢ÁRxçC. Wherever he goes she ûª© •®Ω’´¤ Çߪ’-†-éÀçé¬ ÖçC. ߪ’ç™ Congress †’ Ææ´’-Jnç-îªúø-´÷ ™‰üΔ Sita (Lord Rama's wife) was a He has a huge debt burden = accompanies him = Åûª-ØÁ-éπ\-úÕéÀ ¢ÁRûË ÆæçéîΩg熒ç* ¢ÁjüÌ-©T ´’üμ¿uç-ûª®Ω áEo-éπ-©èπ◊ woman of great virtue (Ææ’í∫’-ù-´A). Çߪ’-†èπ◊ °ü¿l ®Ω’ù¶μ«®Ωç ÖçC. Ç¢Á’ èπÿú≈ ÅûªEûÓ (éπLÆœ) ¢Á∞¡Ÿ-ûª’çC. Æœü¿l¥-´’-´-úø´÷? ÅØË ÆæçC-í∫l¥ç™ ÖØ√o®·. Truth, honesty - É´Fo virtues. Match the words A with their meanings under B

Duties should accompany rights =

(admire =

She is a girl who you can trust = She is a girl you can trust.

5-F. Spin = turn =

T®Ω-T®Ω A®Ω-í∫úøç (ûª† ô÷d û√†’ A®Ω-í∫úøç. A top (¶Ôçí∫®Ωç) spins = ¶Ôçí∫®Ωç T®Ω-T®Ω A®Ω’-í∫’-ûª’çC.

The Earth spins around its axis = axis)

¶μº÷N’ ûª† ô÷d û√†’ (Åéπ~ç = A®Ω’-í∫’-ûª’çC. Spin bowling = •çA T®Ω-T®√ ûª†-ô÷d û√†’ AJ-Ííô’x bowl îËߪ’úøç. Spin Åçõ‰ A°æpôç èπÿú≈. Kumble spins. B. Agitate = ÇçüÓ-∞¡† îËߪ’úøç. BCs are agitating for more reservareservations tions = BC

´®√_©’ áèπ◊\´ éÓÆæç ÇçüÓ-∞¡† îËÆæ’h-Ø√o®·. Agitate = shake.

Be agitated = We are agitated about the increasing number of kidnaps = Kidnaps

ÇçüÓ-∞¡† îÁçü¿úøç.

áèπ◊\-´´úøç ´©x ´’†ç ÇçüÓ-∞¡† îÁçü¿’-ûª’Ø√oç.

Spoken English -§ƒ-ûª -¢√u≤ƒ-©éÓÆæç -éÀxé˙ -îË-ߪ’ç-úÕ.. URL: http://www.eenadu.net/spoken/spoken.htm

í∫’®Ω’-¢√®Ωç 27 -úÕÂÆç-•®Ω’ 2007

Ñ-Ø√-úø’ £j«-ü¿®√-¶«-ü˛

Pradhan: What are you reading?

2

Pradhan: How do you find the book that you are reading now?

(àç îªü¿’-´¤-ûª’-Ø√o´¤?) Pramukh: (I am reading) the book (that) you gave me yesterday

(†’Ny-°æ¤púø’ îªü¿’-´¤-ûª’†o °æ¤Ææhéπç ᙫ ÖçC?) Pramukh: Quite interesting.

(E†o †’Ny*a† °æ¤Ææhéπç) Pradhan: Here is another book on the same subject. Read this too.

(ÅüË N≠æ-ߪ’ç-O’ü¿ ÉC ÉçéÓ °æ¤Ææhéπç. ÉC èπÿú≈ îªü¿’´¤) Pramukh: Let me finish the one I am reading now.

(¶«í¬ØË ÖçC/ °æ‹Jhí¬ ÇÆæéÀh éπL-TçîËCí¬ ÖçC/ °æ‹Jhí¬ ÇÆæéÀh éπL-T-≤ÚhçC) Pradhan: But our friends Prakash and Prasad who read a lot of such books find it not so good.

(É°æ¤púø’ ؈’ îªü¿’-´¤-ûª’†o °æ¤Ææhéπç °æ‹JhîË-ߪ’F.)

(é¬F É™«çöÀ °æ¤Ææh-鬩’ î√™« îªC¢Ë ´’† N’vûª’©’ v°æé¬≠ˇ, v°æ≤ƒ-ü˛©èπ◊ Åçûªí¬ †îªa™‰ü¿’)

Å®·ûË that/ which- È®çúÕç-öÀE èπÿú≈ ´C™‰ßÁ·îª’a. ÅC best/ simple.

sentences who, which, that, whose, where and when practise conversation lesson

Éçûª-èπ◊-´·çü¿’ ´’†ç îª÷¨»ç. É™«çöÀ *†o-*†o †’ éπL-Ê°ç-ü¿’èπ◊ ´’†ç ¢√úÌa. ÉC ´’†ç îËÆœ ¢√úø-í∫-L-TûË ´’† èπ◊ Éçé¬ Eçúø’-ü¿†ç ´Ææ’hçC. Å™«çöÀN ´’†ç Ñ ™ îª÷ü∆lç:

I have seen the movie (which/ that) you wanted me to see (that/ which omit best)= I've seen the movie you wanted me to see.

Pradhan: When exactly did you meet them?

Look at the following sentences from the conversation above:

3) You are reading Pranav's book. He wants it back-

(Åçûª ûªy®Ωí¬ ØˆC °æ‹Jh-îË-ߪ’-™‰ØË¢Á÷. ÉçéÌEo ®ÓV©’ Ç °æ¤Ææhé¬Eo Öç-éÓ-E´’tE Åúø-í∫¢√?)

Pramukh: Just at the time when you left me for home

1) I am reading the book that you gave me yesterday.

Pradhan: The time for which he would let me have it was four days. The days that have passed are already six. It won't look nice to ask him for some more time. Any way I'll try. He may not mind it.

í¬ †’´¤y Ø√ ü¿í∫_-®Ω-†’ç* ÉçöÀéÀ ¢ÁRx-§Ú-®·-†-°æ¤púø’.)

Pradhan: Pranav, whose book you are reading now, wants it back tomorrow.

(†’´¤y îªü¿’-´¤-ûª’-†oC, v°æù¢˛ °æ¤Ææhéπç ÅC Åûª†’ Í®°æ¤ 鬢√-©ç-ô’-Ø√oúø’) Pramukh: I'm afraid I can't finish it so soon. Couldn't you ask him to let me have it for a few more days?

(Åûª†’ ††’oç--éÓ-´’-†oC Ø√©’í∫’ ®ÓV™‰. Å°æ¤púË Ç®Ω’-®Ó-V-™„j-§Úߪ÷®·. ´’Sx Éçé¬Ææh time Åúø-í∫úøç Åçûª ¶«í∫’ç-úøü¿’. Å®·Ø√ v°æߪ’Ao≤ƒh. Åûª-ØË-´’-†’-éÓ-éπ-§Ú-´îª’a.)

Pramukh: Yea. That reminds me. I met them yesterday at the book shop where good second hand books are sold.

(Ç. í∫’®Ìh-*açC. ´’ç* second hand books Ţ˒t Ç shop ™ éπ©’-Ææ’-èπ◊-Ø√o†’.)

(Correct

2) Let me finish the one I am reading now. 3) Pranav whose book you are reading now wants it back.

Pradhan: I see. (

Å™«í¬)








-Ççí∫x-¶µ«-≠æ-ù





401

4) The time for which he lent me this book was four days.

îËߪ’ôç

OöÀE éπ©’-°æ¤ü∆ç– †’´¤y v°æù¢˛ °æ¤Ææhéπç îªü¿’-´¤-ûª’-Ø√o´¤. ü∆†o-ûª†’ 鬢√-©ç-ô’-Ø√oúø’- whose ¢√úøü∆ç. Pranav whose book you are reading wants it back. a) Parasurama's guru was Siva. Parasurama could not bear Rama breaking Siva's bow. whose

(á´-J-üÁjûË) ûÓ éπ©’-°æ¤ü∆ç:

I studied at that college ..

Pramukh: Is the book that you have better than this?

(F ü¿í∫_-®Ω’†o °æ¤Ææhéπç DE-éπçõ‰ ¶«í∫’çü∆?) Pradhan: It is for the person who reads it to decide. In these matters everyone has their opinions.

(îªC-¢Ë-¢√∞¡Ÿx E®Ωg-®·ç--éÓ-¢√-Lq† N≠æߪ’ç ÅC. É™«çöÀ N≠æ-ߪ÷™x á´J ÅGµ-v§ƒßª÷©’ ¢√∞¡x¢Ë.) Pramukh: I do agree with you there. Tastes differ as rivers differ.

(†’´¤y îÁ°œpçC ؈’ ä°æ¤p-éÌç-ö«†’. †ü¿’© F∞¡x™«Íí ´’†’-≠æfl© ÅGµ-®Ω’-©÷ ûËú≈í¬ Öçö«®·.) tastes differ as rivers differ- (≤ƒ¢Á’ûª) = ™éÓ-Gµ-†o-®Ω’*”/ °æ¤vÈ®-éÓ-•’Cl¥, >£æ«y-éÓ-®Ω’*.

EXERCISE Match the words under A with their meanings under B A

5) The days that have passed are éÀçü¿öÀ lesson ™ È®çúø’ sentences six. éπL-Ê°ç-ü¿’èπ◊ Who, whose, which, that, 6) It is for the person who reads it to ™«çöÀ ´÷ô©’ ᙫ Ö°æ-ßÁ÷-í∫-°æ-úø-û√ßÁ÷ decide. îª÷¨»ç. ÉC é¬Ææh advanced stage of conversational aspect. Åçõ‰ éÌçîÁç 7) I met them at the book where °j≤ƒn-®·éÀ Ææç•ç-Cµç-*çC. ´’†ç Ææ綵«-≠œçgood second hand books are îË-ô-°æ¤púø’ spoken English ™ á°æ¤púø÷ sold. *†o-*†o sentences ¢√úø’ûª÷ äéπ M.SURESAN 1) I am reading the book= N≠æߪ’ç îÁ°æp™‰ç éπü∆? Å™« îÁ°œpØ√ àüÓ ØËØ√ °æ¤Ææhéπç îªü¿’-´¤-ûª’Ø√o. *†o °œ©x©’ ´÷ö«x-úÕ-†-ô’xç-ô’ç-üË-é¬E, Åçûª °æJ-°æ-éπyûª à °æ¤Ææhéπç? - That you gave me yesterday. Ö†o-ô’dç-úøü¿’. †’´¤y E†o É*a† °æ¤Ææhéπç. Ééπ\úø That èπ◊ •ü¿’©’ Sunil was here yesterday. He is my classwhich ¢√úÌa. mate. É™« ņúøç™ ûª°æ¤p-™‰ü¿’. Å®·ûËspoken lan2) Let me finish the book (that) you gave me guage ™ É™«çöÀ *†o sentences †’ äéπ-öÀí¬ yesterday– ÉC-èπÿú≈ °j sentence ™«Íí È®çúø’ éπL°œ ´÷ö«x-úÕûË Éçé¬ ¶«í∫’ç-ô’çC, É™«... sentences éπLÊ° Nüµ¿ç. Sunil who was here yesterday is my classmate. É™«çöÀ sentences ™ that é¬F which é¬F (E†o Ééπ\úø Ö†o sunil Ø√ classmate) ¢√úÌa. ®√†’-®√†’ that áèπ◊\´ ¢√úø’-ûª’-Ø√o®Ω’.

≤ÚE-ߪ÷-í¬çDµ Ææ£æ… congress ÅCµ≥ƒe-†-´-®√_Eo v°æ¶µ«-Nûªç îËߪ’-í∫© Ææû√h YSR èπ◊ ÖçC. 2-D. Wield= Handle (verb)= (1)

Congress ™ YSR î√™« ÅCµ-鬮√Eo «-®·-≤ƒhúø’. unwieldy X manageable 3-A. Hardware= Metal ware=

B

1. Clout

A Metal ware

2. Wield

B Rent

3. Hardware

C Slow

4. Reign

D Handle

5. Lease

E Rule F Power G split

KEY: 1-F. Clout= Power=

Ææû√h (¨¡éÀh, °æ©’-èπ◊-•úÕ– ´·êuçí¬ ®√ï-éÃ-ߪ÷™x†÷, ¶«í¬ úø•’sç-úøôç ´©x ´îËa ¨¡éÃh, °æ©’-èπ◊-•úŒ).

Kumar has the clout to get the contract= contract (influence)

§Òçü¿-í∫© ¨¡éÀh

(Ææû√h), °æ©’-èπ◊-•úÕ èπ◊´÷-®˝-èπ◊-Ø√o®·.

YSR's opinions carry a lot of clout with congress high command including Sonia Gandhi=

(àüÁjØ√ ´Ææ’h-´¤†’) ´’† Åü¿’-°æ¤™ Öç-éÓ-í∫-©-í∫úøç. A Boy of ten years cannot wield a motor cycle= motor cycle handle

°æüË∞¡x èπ◊v®√úø’ †’ Åü¿’-°æ¤™ ÖçîËߪ’-™‰úø’ (Ç éÓ™‰úø’/ ¶µ«®√Eo ¢Á÷Æœ, ü∆Eo Åü¿’-°æ¤™éÀ ûÁa-èπ◊ØË ¨¡éÀh Åûª-EéÀ Öçúøü¿’)= A bike is unwieldy for a ten yearold boy.

Ɇ’-´·-™«çöÀ ™£æ…-©ûÓ ûªßª÷-®Ω-®·† ´Ææ’h-´¤©’, °æE-´·ô’x, °æJ-éπ-®√©’– ´·êuçí¬ í∫%£æ«-E-®√t-ù«-EéÀ, ߪ’çvûª-≤ƒ´’-vTéÀ Ææç•ç-Cµç-*† ´Ææ’h-´¤©’. ware= ´Ææ’h´¤/ ´Ææ’h-´¤©’. (2) Computer ™E ߪ’çvûª electronic ¶µ«í¬©’. (X software = Computer †’ ¢√úËç-ü¿’èπ◊ Ö°æ-ßÁ÷TçîË programs, etc.) 4-E. Reign= Rule.

The teacher found the class unwieldy because it had about a hundred students= class control

§ƒ©†/ §ƒ©-Ø√-鬩ç.

(2) YSR wields a lot of clout in congress

Xéπ%-≠æg-üË-´-®√-ߪ’© §ƒ©† ¨»çA, ≤˘¶µ«-í¬u-©èπ◊ Ê°®Ìç-CçC.

Nü∆u-®Ω’n-©’†o Ç îËߪ’-™‰-éπ-§Ú-ߪ÷úø’.

´çü¿´’çC Çߪ’†

(Ééπ\úø wield= ÅCµ-é¬-®Ωç-™«çöÀN «-®·ç-îªúøç)=

Reign- (pronunciation-

È®®·Ø˛)=

Srikrishnadevaraya's reign is known for its peace and prosperity= During the reign of Congress = Congress

§ƒ©-†™.

éÀ

b) The lease is for a period of ten years= c) He gets a lease of Rs. 10000 a month= lease= lease holder= tenant. A second lease of life=

ÅüÁl-é¬©ç °æüË∞¡Ÿx.

ØÁ©èπ◊ °æC¢Ë© ÅüÁl. éı©’ (§Ò™«Eo éı©’-éÀ-´yúøç). ÅüÁl-èπ◊-†o-¢√®Ω’/ éı©’-ü∆®Ω’=

´’®Ω-ù«ç-ûªéπ v°æ´÷ü¿ç †’ç* •ßª’-ô-°æúøôç/ éÓ©’-éÓ-´úøç. He narrowly escaped death=

vûª’öÀ™ î√´¤ ûª°œpç--èπ◊-Ø√oúø’. He has a second lease of life=

´’Sx ï†t áAh-†õ‰x. G. Split= <©úøç. The party split in two= Party (split- split- split).

üµ¿†’Ææ’q– ûÁ©’-Ææ’-éπü∆?

5) The days that have passed are six= Days have passed. They are six. 6) It is for the person who reads it to decide it= It is for the person to decide it. Which person- the one who reads it. 7) I met them at the book shop + Good second hand books are sold= I met them at the book shop where good second hand books are sold. 8) I studied at that college + You are talking about it= You are talking about the college where (in which) I studied = college

†’´¤y ´÷ö«x-úø’í∫’JçîË. ûª’-†oC ؈’ îªü¿’-´¤-èπ◊†o É™« È®çúø’ sentences †’ éπ©-°æôç ¶«í¬ practise îËߪ’çúÕ.

v°æ¨¡o: 1.

Your invitation has been rather at a short notice.

D®Ω`-é¬-Léπ ÅüÁl (¶µº÷´·©’, ¶µº´-Ø√-™«xçöÀ ¢√öÀE áèπ◊\´ 鬙«-EéÀ ÅüÁl-éÀ-´yúøç/ Åçü¿’´©x ´îËa ÅüÁl/ ¶«úø’í∫/ éÀ®√®·) ûª† Ææn™«Eo ÅüÁl-éÀ-î√aúø’.

bow=

4) The time for which he lent me this book was four days= He lent me this book + The time was four days.

5-B. Lease= Rent.

a) He leased out his site to the factory factory=

Parasurama whose guru was Siva could not bear Rama breaking his bow.

2. I would rather they all would. rather

Ééπ\úø èπ◊ Å®Ωnç àN’öÀ? 3. Presume ᙫ Öîªa-Jç-î√L? – G.¨»-®Ωü¿, à©÷®Ω’ ï¢√•’: 1) Rather= é¬Ææh/- éÌçîÁç áèπ◊\-´/ (-´’-†èπ◊ É•sçC éπ-L-Tç-îËç-ûª/ -´’-†-éÀ-≠dçæ -™‰-†çûª) Your invitation has been rather at a short notice=

O’ °œ©’-°æ¤-†èπ◊ ¢Ë’ç ÆæpçCç-îª-ö«-EéÀ ´u´Cµ é¬Ææh ûªèπ◊\´= ´’´’tLo O’®Ω’ °œL-*† Ææçü¿-®√s¥-EéÀ, ¢Ë’ç ûª-ߪ÷È®j ®√´-ú≈-EéÀ time ÆæJ-§Ú-éπ-§Ú-´îª’a. 2) I would rather= I'd rather- Ééπ\úø rather Åçõ‰ éÓ®Ω’-éÓ--´-úøç= äéπ-ü∆-E-éπç-õ‰ ÉçéÓ-ü∆Eo áèπ◊\´ É≠æd-°æ-úøôç. I'd rather have coffee than tea=

؈’

tea

éπç-õ‰

coffee

E áèπ◊\´ É≠æd°æ-úø-û√-†’. v°œ'Wu¢˛’– 'Wu— ™ ï ™«. 'Wu— ØÌéÀ\-°æ-©’-èπ◊û√ç.

3) Presume- pronunciationsize

È®çúø’í¬
Spoken English -§ƒ-ûª -¢√u≤ƒ-©éÓÆæç -éÀxé˙ -îË-ߪ’ç-úÕ.. URL: http://www.eenadu.net/spoken/spoken.htm

-Ç-C-¢√®Ωç 30 -úÕÂÆç-•®Ω’ 2007 Q:

Ñ-Ø√-úø’ £j«-ü¿®√-¶«-ü˛ agree + infinitive (Agree to go; Agree

Kindly clarify about the idiomatic usage of the verb 'agree'. We say, a) We agree with you, b) We agree to your proposal, c) We agree on the dates fixed.

to pay, etc) 3) Agree=

(Éûª-®Ω’-©ûÓ) äéπ ÅçU-é¬-®√-EéÀ ®√´úøç (éÌçûª Ωa ûª®√yûª). We agreed on the 29th as the date

We do not have a clear idea about the context in which these form of the idiom should be used. - S. Sivaprasad, Machilipatnam

A:

of the meeting =

Ææ´÷-¢Ë¨¡ç 29´ ûËCí¬ E®Ωg-®·ç--èπ◊Ø√oç/ äéπ ÅçU-é¬-®√-EéÀ ´î√aç.

Agree

ûª®√yûª ´îËa preposition, ü∆E Å®√n© ûËú≈†’ •öÀd Öçô’çC. 1) Agree= àéÃ-¶µº-Nç-îªúøç/ àé¬-Gµ-v§ƒßª’ç Öçúøôç. Ñ Å®ΩnçûÓ Å®·ûË Agree with somebody.

4) If two or more reports about an incident are the same, they agree with each/ one another =

äéπ-ü∆-EûÓ äéπöÀ ÆæJ-§Ú-´úøç

He agreed with me about the need to hold a meeting =

Ææ´÷-¢Ë¨¡ç Å´-Ææ-®Ω-´’ØË N≠æߪ’ç™ Åûªúø’ Ø√ûÓ àéÃ-¶µº-Nçî√úø’/ ÅûªúÕ, Ø√ ÅGµ- idiomatic v§ƒßª’ç äéπõ‰.

a) The information I received does not agree with your report of it =

Ø√èπ◊ ´*a† Ææ´÷-î√®Ωç, †’NyÆæ’h†o report äéπöÀí¬ ™‰ü¿’.

usage

b) His story agrees with what the police have said =

(Agree + with people) 2) Agree =

ä°æ¤p-éÓ-´úøç/ ÅçU-éπ-Jç-îªúøç, ´·êuçí¬ äéπ N≠æߪ’ç ´’†-éÀ-≠dçæ -™‰-†-°æ¤púø’, ÅC ´’†èπ◊ ¢Á·ü¿ô †îªa-†-°æ¤púø’, Agree to something. a) The management agreed to the postponement of its decision =

ûª† E®Ωg-ߪ÷Eo ¢√®·ü∆ ¢ËÆæ’-èπ◊-ØËç-ü¿’èπ◊ ߪ÷ï-´÷†uç ÅçU-éπJç-*çC. (Agree to + an idea/ proposal)

b) The management may not agree to a reduction in the hours of work =

°æE

í∫çô©’ ûªT_ç-îª-ú≈-EéÀ ߪ÷ï-´÷†uç ÅçU-éπ-Jçîªéπ§Ú-´îª’a. c) After some argument, he agreed to pay what I had wanted =

éÌçûª ¢√ü¿ç ûª®√yûª ؈-úÕ-T-†çûª îÁLxçîËç-ü¿’èπ◊ ÅçU-éπ-Jç-î√úø’. Q:

ÅûªúÕ éπü∑¿, police ©’ É*a† Ææ´÷-î√®Ωç äéπöÀí¬ØË ÖçC. 5) Agree with something = äéπ N≠æ-ߪ÷Eo Ç¢Á÷Cç-îªúøç/ Ææ´’tAç-îªúøç.

3)

5) Difference between funeral & cremation. 6) Difference between cool & cold.

marriage &

-Ççí∫x-¶µ«-≠æ-ù 402

A:

í∫’Jç* N´-

Intransitive verbobject verb. answer verb.

†’ Å®√nEo •öÀd, time of †’•öÀd áEo®Ωé¬-©’-í¬-ØÁjØ√ ¢√úÌa) 2) Transitive verb Åçõ‰, object Ö†o verb. á´-JE? üËEE? ÅØË v°æ¨¡oèπ◊ Ææ´÷-üµ∆†ç ´îËa

™‰E

1) Principal verb action (Tense)

verb. He sees me every day. Verb- sees=

simple, complex and compound sentences 1. In spite of his poverty, he is honest. (simple) Though he is poor, he is honest. (complex) He is poor, but he is honest. (compound) 2. Owing to illness, he was absent. As he was ill, he was absent. He was ill and so he was absent. 3. Incase of working hard, you will pass. If you work hard, you will pass. You must work hard, and then you will pass. 4. Incase of not working hard, you will fail. Unless you work hard, you will fail. You must work hard otherwise you will fail. 5. He came in order to talk to me. He came, so that he could talk to me. He came and talked to me. 6. Soon after his arrival we left. As soon as he come, we left. He came and at once we left. 7. On seeing/ having seen the police, the thief ran away. When the thief saw the police, he ran away. The thief saw the police and he ran away. - A. Sudhakar, Bhiknoor

ûÁ©’í∫’ Å®√n©’ ûÁL-ߪ’-ñ‰-ߪ’çúÕ.

wedding. - P. Sreenivasarao, Pithapuram

1) A dictionary gives the definitions, meanings, and explanations of words. A thesaurus gives lists of synonyms without detailed explanation.

2)

intransitive verbs

éÀçC

Naxals/ Maoists conduct recce (reconnaissance) about their targets

(¢√∞¡Ÿx ©éπ~uçí¬ áç-

èπ◊†o ´’†’-≠æfl© í∫’Jç*) 3) 'Privilege' in sentences like, "I feel it a privilege .../ I have the privilege .../ I take it (as) a privilege ...". (we don't say, I take the privilege ...) something of which you feel proud and lucky privilege)

funeral & cremation

4) I have read in the Hindu "36 foot Ganesh idol". We have to use feet. But here foot is used, why?

between

îª÷≤ƒhúø’/ éπ©’-≤ƒhúø’, á´-JE? Ans: me. 鬕öÀd see transitive (object Ö†o) verb.

- P. Sivanagaraju, Musunuru

Q:

ûËú≈ àN’öÀ? ' Ææ*-¢√-©-ߪ’ç™ †éπq™¸q È®éÃ\— . È®éÃ\? ü∆E spelling àN’öÀ? 'I take privilege' - privilege usage ûÁ©’-°æí∫-©®Ω’.

(´’†ç í∫®Ωyçí¬, Åü¿%-≠dçæ í¬ ¶µ«Nç-

îË-üË-üÁjØ√

4) 36 foot Ganesa idol is correct. We say, "The idol is 36 feet tall" or "It is a 36 foot tall idol". He is six feet tall= He is a six foot tall man. That is the accepted usage. 5) A funeral is the religious ceremony or ceremonies performed at the death of a person. Cremation is the burning of a dead body as different from burial which means laying the body underground.

He agr eed with me

´îª’a?

A:

1) Dictionary - Thesaurus

2) I came to read What is

7) Difference

†’´¤y ´’®Ω-ù-P-éπ~†’ Ç¢Á÷C-≤ƒh¢√?

í¬ be forms (am, is, are, ©†’ áEo Nüµ∆-©’í¬ Ö°æ-ßÁ÷-Tç-îª-

JçîªçúÕ. 3. Ø√èπ◊ ÉçTx≠ˇ ÆæJí¬ ®√ü¿’– Ñ ¢√é¬uEo ÉçTx-≠ˇ™ ᙫ îÁ§ƒpL?

Q:

a) Do you agree with death punishment =

1. Principal verb was, were)

2. Transitive, Intransitive verbs

2

M.SURESAN

Åçõ‰ á´-JE? üËEE ÅE v°æ¨¡o

®√E

¢ËÊÆh

go there every day. Verb- go = ¢Á∞¡xúøç– á´®Ω’ ¢Á∞¡xúøç?/ üËEéÀ ¢Á∞¡xúøç?Answer ®√ü¿’ éπü∆? Åçü¿’-éπE go, intransitive verb. 3) I don't know English well./ I am not good at English/ poor at English.

A:

7 sets of simple, complex and compound sentences set simple, compound, complex sentences phrase conjunctions

O’®Ω’

®√¨»®Ω’. v°æA ™†÷ Åçü¿’™ ÖçúË © Å®√n©’ äéπõ‰ éπü∆. Å®·ûË ¢√öÀ™x ©’, ©÷ ûËú≈ Ŵa. ´îËa é¬E Å®Ωnç äéπõ‰.

simple, complex, compound Set 1: 1) In spite of = = 3) but =

Å®·-†-°æp-öÀéà = 2) though = Å®·ûË/ é¬F. Set 2: 4) Owing to = Åçü¿’-´©x = 5) As = áçü¿’-´-©x†çõ‰ = 6) and so. Set 3: 7) In case of = Ç °æJ-Æ œn-A™ = 8) If =Å™« Å®·ûË = 9) and then = Å®·-†-°æ¤púø’ Set 4: 10) In case of = 11) unless = Å®·ûË ûª°æp = 12) Otherwise = ™‰éπ-§ÚûË Set 5: 13) in order to = Åçü¿’èπ◊ = 14) so that = Åçü¿’-éÓÆæç = 15) and = Åçü¿’èπ◊ ûÓúø’. Set 6: 16) soon after = ¢ÁçôØË Ç ûª®√yûª = 17) as soon as = 18) at once = ¢ÁçôØË Set 7: 19) on seeing = having seen = îª÷úøôç ´©x = 20) when = Å°æ¤púø’ = 21) and = ´’Sx. Å®·-†-°æp-öÀéÃ

Q:

ÉC ´’ç* question. British English, Recce (JÈé) ûÁ©’-í∫’™ È®éÀ\ ÅE ¢√úø’-ûª’ç-ö«®Ω’. Reconnaissance (Jé¬EÆˇØ˛Æˇ– é¬ ØÌéÀ\ °æ©’èπ◊û√ç) èπ◊ British short form Recce, American English, Recon. OöÀéÀ Å®Ωnç ¨¡vûª’´¤ ≤ƒn´-®√©’, ¨¡éÀh ≤ƒ´’-®√n u©’, éπü¿-L-éπ-©èπ◊ Ææç•ç-Cµç*† Ææ´÷-î√®Ωç ÊÆéπ-Jç-îªúøç, ü∆úÕ-îËÊÆ ÖüËl-¨¡çûÓ.

1)

2)

Ææçߪ·-éπhçí¬, §ƒúÕ-°æ-J-v¨¡´’, ÅA-¨¡-ßÁ÷éÀh– Ñ °æü∆-©èπ◊ ÉçTx≠ˇ ´÷ô-™‰-N’öÀ? éÀçC ´÷ô-©èπ◊ ûËú≈©’ N´-Jç-îªçúÕ.

6) Cool- comfortable- anything cool gives us comfort and is pleasant. 'Cold' makes us feel uncomfortable. Cool water is what we like to drink, where as cold water is not pleasant to drink. Cool = cold = (The coffee has gone cold, I can't drink it)

xE,

îªLí¬ Ö†o/ x-•-úÕ-

§Ú-®·†.

7) Marriage is the union of a man and a woman resulting in their living together as a husband and wife. Wedding is the religious ceremony at which a man and a woman marry each other. Marriage is also their legal relationship. He married her is more common than he wedded her. Wedded the meaning of married is out dated.
InventionComputer, TV, cell phone-

àüÁjØ√

éÌûªhí¬ Ææ%≠œdç-îªúøç. É´Fo Inventions

™‰E ¢√öÀE Ææ%≠œdç-îªúøç.
Discovery- Ö†o ü∆EE éπ†’éÓ\´úøç, ¢Á·ü¿-öÀ-≤ƒClimate - Weather Test- Examination Jí¬ îª÷úøôç, Å®Ωnç îËÆæ’-éÓ-´úøç. Invention - Discovery Anthem - Song
AnthemUûªç– äéπ ü˨»-EéÃ, ñ«AéÃ, ã ÆæçÆæ \%-AéÀ Elementary - Primary îÁçC† v°æï-©èπÿ 3) Date of birth †’ v°æ û Ë u éπ v§ƒ´·êuç Christian era ™ ᙫ Jointly/ together Ö†o §ƒô, v°æûËuéπ ®√ߪ÷L? Ææçü¿-®√s¥™ x ´÷vûªç 4) W.e.f. °æ‹Jh ®Ω÷°æç àN’öÀ? §ƒúËC. 'ï†-í∫-ù-´’†— ´’† ñ«Bߪ’ Uûªç– 5) °Rx ®ÓV†, JÂÆ-°æ{Ø˛ ®ÓV† ´üµ¿÷-´-®Ω’-©†’ national anthem (National song ņç). ÉçTx-≠ˇ™ à´’E ÅGµ-†ç-Cç-î√L?
Song Åçõ‰ à §ƒõ„jØ√. - Challa Devadas, Vemulapadu
Elementary- v§ƒ®Ωç-¶µº-ü¿-¨¡™  ÖØ√o (´·êuçí¬ A: 1) Ææçߪ·-éπhçí¬ = Jointly/ together Nü¿u)elementary questions - ´’¯L-éπ-¢Á’i† – §ƒúÕ-°æ-J-v¨¡´’ =Dairy industry ¢Á·ôd-¢Á·-ü¿öÀ. ÅA-¨¡-ßÁ÷éÀh= Exaggeration
Primary- v§ƒü∑¿-N’-éπ-¢Á’i†/ ´·êu-¢Á’i† Nü¿u N≠æ2) Climate = äéπ v°æüË-¨¡°æ¤ Ææç´-ûªq-®Ω°æ¤ Ææí∫ô’ QûÓߪ’ç™ Elementary education (American) = ≠æg-ÆœnA (áçúø, ¢√†, îªL, ûË´’, °æJ-ÆœnA– Ææç´-ûªq®Ωç Primary education (British) = education for §Òúø-´¤Ø√) people from 5 years to 11 years old.
Weather- v°æüË-¨¡°æ¤ äéπ-®ÓV QûÓ-≠æg-Æ œnA. This is of primary importance = ÅA ´·êu
Test, Exam Åçûª °ü¿lD, ´·êu-¢Á’içD é¬ü¿’. ¢Á’i† N≠æߪ’ç. Test äéÓ\-≤ƒJ exam èπ◊ •ü¿’-©’í¬ í¬F, exam 3) ´’†ç É°æ¤púø’ ®√Ææ’h-†oüË Christian Era. äéπJ èπ◊ Åü¿-†çí¬ í¬F E®Ωy-£œ«çîË °æKéπ~. Åçûª-éπçõ‰ date 12'3'1987 Å®·ûË ÅC Christian Era. ´·êu-¢Á’i† ûËú≈. äéπ Nü∆u-®Ω|ûª qualification É°æ¤úø’ ´’†ç Ö†oC 2007 Christian Era™ØË. §Òçü¿-ú≈-EéÀ ®√ߪ÷LqçC, exam ´÷vûª¢Ë’ é¬F, 4) With effect from- àüÁjØ√ Å´’™xéÀ ´îËa û√Kê’/ test é¬ü¿’. Modern English ™ examination èπ◊ ØÁ©/ Ææç´-ûªq®Ωç •ü¿’©’ exam ¢√úø-û√®Ω’. examination î√™« 5) i) Wish you a long and happy married life. ví¬çC∑éπç. É°æ¤púø’ Åçûª ¢√úø’-éπ™ ™‰ü¿’, India ™ ii) May yours be a long and happy married ûª°æp. life.

Spoken English -§ƒ-ûª -¢√u≤ƒ-©éÓÆæç -éÀxé˙ -îË-ߪ’ç-úÕ.. URL: http://www.eenadu.net/spoken/spoken.htm

-´’çí∫-∞¡-¢√®Ωç 1 -ï-†-´-J 2008

Ñ-Ø√-úø’ £j«-ü¿®√-¶«-ü˛

Sugandhi: (Do) you remember Sunayana? She brought me a dress from Singapore.

(Ææ’†-ߪ’† í∫’®Ω’hçü∆? ûª†’ Ø√èπ◊ Æœçí∫°æ‹®˝ †’ç* dress ûÁ*açC.) Supushpa: (Do) you mean your childhood friend? She lives in Kolkota. Isn't that the one? (

†’´y-ØËC F *†o-Ø√öÀ ÊÆo£œ«-ûª’®√LE í∫’Jç* éπü∆? ûª†’ éÓ™¸-éπ-û√™ Öçô’çC Ǣ˒ éπü∆?)

Look at the following pairs of sentences from the conversation above.

(°j Ææ綵«-≠æ-ù-™E éÀçC ¢√é¬u© ïûª-©†’ îª÷úøçúÕ.) 1) (Do) you remember sunayana? She brought me a dress from Singapore. 2) (DO) you mean your childhood friend? She lives in Kolkota. 3) The lecturer has given me an assignment. I have to complete it tomorrow. 4) You are a lucky girl. Your lecturer gives easy assignments.

Sugandhi: Yes. That she is. She is coming home to tea with me. How about joining us?

5) Last night you went to a movie. How was it?

(Å´¤†’. ûªØË ÅC. ´÷ ÉçöÀéÀ öÃéÀ ´≤ÚhçC. †’´¤y èπÿú≈ ®√èπÿ-úøü∆?)

7) You are giving tea to Sunayana. You have to make arrangements for it.

Supushpa: I'm afraid I can't. The lecturer has given me an assignment. I have to complete it by tomorrow.

Ñ sentence pairs (¢√é¬u© ïûª©) †’ äéπ-öÀí¬ éπ©°æ-ú≈-EéÀ v°æߪ’-Aoü∆lç: îª÷úøçúÕ:

(؈’ ®√™‰†’, sorry. ´’† lecturer Ø√éÓ assignment É*açC. ؈’ ü∆Eo Í®°æ-öÀ™-°æ© °æ‹Jh îËߪ÷L.) Sugandhi: My lecturer gave me an assignment as well. But I finished it yesterday itself.

Ø√èπÿ É*açC assignment. Å®·ûË ØˆC E†oØË îËÊÆ-¨»†’.)

(´÷

lecturer

Supushpa: You are a lucky girl. Your lecturer gives easy assignments.

(†’´¤y Åü¿%-≠d-æ ´ç-ûª’-®√-LN. O’ lecturer ÅFo Ææ’©-¶µº-¢Á’i† ÉÆæ’hçC.)

6) He has directed four movies so far. They have all been crowd pullers.

1) (Do) you remember Sunayana. She brought me a dress from Singapore = (D0) you remember Sunayana Who brought me a dress from Singapore.

¢√úÕ È®çúÕç-öÀF éπL§ƒç éπü∆?)

2) (Do) you mean your childhood friend? She lives in Kolkota = Do you mean your

a) He is the lucky guy. His essay got the first prize= he is the lucky guy whose essay got the first prize =

grocery = éÀ®√ù« éÌô’d ; provisions = éÀ®√ù« Ææ®Ωèπ◊©’, °æ°æ¤p©’, *çûª-°æçúø’ etc. Ééπ\úø ´’†ç îª÷ú≈-LqçC, buy ûª®√yûª shop ´·çü¿’ ´îËa preposition 'from' áéπ\ú≈ ´ü¿©ç ÅE (DEo í∫’Jç*) next lesson ™ áèπ◊\-´í¬ ûÁ©’-Ææ’-èπ◊çü∆ç.)

Åûªúø’ Åü¿%-≠d-´æ ç-ûª’úø’. ÅûªúÕ ¢√u≤ƒ-EéÀ ¢Á·ü¿öÀ •£æ›-´’A ´*açC = á´J ¢√u≤ƒE-ÈéjûË ¢Á·ü¿öÀ •£æ›-´’A ´*açüÓ ÅûªúË Éûªúø’. ´÷´‚©’ ûÁ©’í∫’ – ûª† ¢√u≤ƒ-EéÀ ¢Á·ü¿öÀ •£æ›´’A §ÒçC†ûªúø’ Éûªúø’.

403

Å™«Íí

6) He has directed four movies so far. They have all been crowd pullers

Åûªúø’ íÌ°æp †ô’úø’, ÅûªúÕ ÆœE-´÷-©Fo v°æñ«-ü¿®Ωù éπ©N. Whose ûÓ join îËü∆lç.

Ñ È®çúÕç-öÀF É™« éπ©-§Òa éπü∆?

He is a great actor

èπÿú≈ éπ©-°æ-´îª’a,

He has directed four movies so far all of which have been crowd pullers. which

ÉüË Å®Ωnç ´îËaô’d, É™« ¢√úø-èπ◊çú≈

The four movies he has directed so far have all been crowd pullers. [The four movies (which) he has directed so far have all been crowd pullers.]

A doctor who specialises in hear t diseases

Sugandhi: Last night you went to a movie. How was it?

(éÓ™¸-éπ-û√™ Ö†o F *†o-Ø√öÀ ØË≤ƒhEo í∫’Jç-îËØ√ †’´y-ØËC?)

(E†o ®√vA ÆœE-´÷-Èé-∞«x´¤.

ᙫ ÖçC?) Supushpa: You certainly missed it. It was really interesting. I went with two of my cousins. They really liked it.

(†’´¤y Eïçí¬ §ÚíÌ-ô’d-èπ◊-Ø√o´¤. ´’ç* ÆœE-´÷†’. ÅC î√™« ÇÆæ-éÀh-éπ-®Ωçí¬ ÖçC. ´÷ cousins Éü¿l-JûÓ ¢Á∞«x†’. ¢√∞¡x-éπC †*açC.) Sugandhi: The director is Nirdesac. So it must have been good.

(ü∆E ü¿®Ωz-èπ◊úø’ EÍ®l-¨¡é˙ éπü∆. Åçü¿’-éπE ¶«í∫’çúË Öçô’çC.) Supushpa: He has directed 4 movies so far. They have all been crowd pullers.

(Éçûª-´-®Ωèπÿ Ø√©’í∫’ *vû√-©èπ◊ ü¿®Ωz-éπûªyç ´£œ«ç-î√-ú≈-ߪ’†. ÅFo ïØ√-éπ-®Ω{-鬙‰.) Sugandhi: Well, I must be going. I've to make arrangements.

(ÆæÍ®. ؈’ ¢Á∞«x-Léπ. à®√pô’x îËߪ÷L.) Supushpa: What arrangements?

(àç à®√pô’x?) Sugandhi: I told you.

(îÁ§ƒp†’ éπü∆?) Supushpa: Oh now I remember. You are giving tea to Sunayana. You have to make arrangements for it.

(Ç í∫’®Ìh-*açC. Ææ’†-ߪ’†èπ◊ tea ÉÆæ’hØ√o´¤ éπü∆. Åçü¿’èπ◊ †’´¤y à®√pô’x îÁߪ÷uL.) Sugandhi: Bye. ☺

The grocery from which we buy our provisions is shut = The grocery which we buy our provisions from is shut = The grocery we buy our provisions from is shut.

-Ççí∫x-¶µ«-≠æ-ù

childhood friend who lives in Kolkota?

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assignments ÉÆæ’hçüÓ, ¢√∞¡Ÿ} O’Í®/ ÅC †’¢Ëy – ÉC ÅÆæ-£æ«-ï-¢Á’i† ûÁ©’í∫’– ´÷´‚-©’í¬ ´’†ç ÅØËC Ææ’©-¶µº-¢Á’i† assignments ÉîËa lecturer Ö†o Åü¿%-≠d-´æ ç-ûª’-®√-LN †’´¤y)

b) He is a great actor. His films are all popular =

(Who

assignments

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2

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éÀçü¿öÀ lesson ™ È®çúø’ ´‚úø’ sentences †’ äÍé sentence í¬ éπ©°æúøç îª÷¨»ç éπü∆– Who, which, that, whose, where, etc. ¢√úÕ. ´’JéÌEoçöÀE É°æ¤púø’ îª÷ü∆lç. ÉC éÌClí¬ éπ≠dçæ 鬕öÀd ´’Jç-ûªí¬ practise îËߪ’úøç Å´-Ææ®Ωç.

whose films are all popular. 5) Last night you went to a movie. How was it? = Let's join these two sentences. sentences

E†o ®√vA ÆœE-´÷-Èé∞«}´¤. ᙫ ÖçC? Ñ †’ È®çúø’ Nüµ∆-©’í¬ éπ©-§Òa.

This is how we use 'Who' to join two sentences. Some more examples.

M.SURESAN i) How was the movie to which you a) My friend took me to a doctor. He went last night? specialises in heart diseases = My friend OR took me to a doctor who specialises in heart diseases. ii) How was the movie which you went to, last b) She is our classmate Surekha. She gets the night? top score in every subject = class(i) to which you went, (ii) mate subject top which you went to score sentence Sentence (i) ....to which you went She is our classmate Surekha who gets the Modern English top score in every subject. Which you went to last night? correct. 3) The lecturer has given me an assignment. I sentences which have to complete it by tomorrow. (Lecturer Which best. assignment How was the movie you went to last night? sentences which simplest

Ç¢Á’ ´÷ Ææ’Í®ê. v°æA ™†÷ Ç¢Á’ ûÁa-èπ◊ç-ô’çC – OöÀE äÍé í¬:

Ø√éÓ É*açC. Í®°æ-öÀéÀ ؈C °æ‹Jh †÷ É™« îËߪ÷L.) Ñ È®çúø’ ¢√úÕ éπ©-°æ-´îª’a. The lecturer has given em an assignment which I have to complete by tomorrow. who which second sentence begin

(´’†¢√úøû√ç. ´Ææ’h´¤©éπ-®·ûË ≠æfl© N≠æ-ߪ’-¢Á’iûË ¢√úøû√ç) ÉC éÌClí¬ Ç™-*ÊÆh ÉçéÓ ûÓ Nüµ¿çí¬ èπÿú≈ éπ©-°æ-´îª’a– îËÆœ. I have to complete by tomorrow the assignment which the lecturer has given me. sentences which better.

É™«çöÀ ߪ’úøç

™ îª÷úøçúÕ –

BÊÆ-ßÁ·îª’a. BÊÆ-

The lecturer has given me an assignment I have to complete by tomorrow/ I have to complete by tomorrow the assignment the lecturer has given me.

îª÷Ææ’hØ√oç éπü∆ °j È®çúø’ sentences ™ which ™‰ü¿’. Which ¢√úË-îÓô that èπÿú≈ ¢√úø-´îª’a. ÉC éÀçü¿öÀ lesson ™ í∫´’-Eçî√ç. 4) You are a lucky girl. You lecturer gives easy assignments whose

Ñ È®çúÕç-öÀF éπL-Ê°ç-ü¿’èπ◊ ¢√úøû√ç (á´J ™„éπa-®Ω®˝ Ææ’©-¶µº-¢Á’i†

ûËú≈ í∫´’-Eç-îªçúÕ

™ ÅE ´≤ÚhçC.

™

Åçûª Ç¢Á÷-ü¿ßÁ÷í∫uç é¬ü¿’. ™ ÉC îµ√çü¿Ææç. ņúøç Å®·ûË È®çúø’ ™†÷ ņ-´-Ææ®Ωç. BÊÆÆœ éÀçCNüµ¿çí¬ Å†úøç ÉC èπÿú≈.

v°æ¨¡o: V verb. V1 = (verb1) = present tense. V2 = (verb2) = past tense. V3 = (verb3) = past participle. V4 = (verb4) = present participle.

Åçõ‰

°j† ®√Æœ-†-´Fo éπ®Ω-ÍédØ√? OöÀE í∫’Jç* èπ◊x°æhçí¬ N´-Jç-îªçúÕ. – Èé. π◊-ô’ç-•-®√´¤, ¢Áj®√, ê´’tç ï¢√•’: O’®Ω’ ®√Æœ-†N correct. V Åçõ‰ verb Ææy®Ω÷°æç, to go, to see etc. ÉN infinitives. OöÀ í∫’-Jç-* Éçûª-èπ◊-´·çü¿’ lessons ™ î√-™« -N-´-®Ωçí¬ -ûÁ-L-§ƒç. îª÷úøçúÕ. V1= Present simple tense.

a) He has copied his answer from a book. It is here = answer copy join

Åûªúø’ ûª† †’ Ñ °æ¤Ææhéπç †’ç* î˨»úø’. ÅC-éπ\-úø’çC. Ñ È®çúÕç-öÀF

îËÊÆh, The book from which he has copied his answer is here = The book he has copied his answer from is here (Which

™‰èπ◊çú≈).

b) He kept his books in this bag. It is lying here bag The bag in which he kept his books is lying here = The bag he kept his books in is lying here (which

(Åûªúø’ ûª† °æ¤Ææh鬩’ Ñ éπ\úø °æúÕ ÖçC) =

™ °ö«dúø’. ÅC™‰èπ◊çú≈).

7) You are giving tea to Sunayana. You have to make arrangements for it, Which

ûÓ Â°j È®çúø÷ éπ©’-°æ¤ü∆ç.

You have to make arrangements for the tea (which) you are giving to sunayana. He bought the House. His brother wanted to buy it too = He bought the house (which) his brother wanted to buy too.

Åûªúø’ éÌØ√-©†’-èπ◊†o ÉçöÀE ¢√∞¡} ņo/ ûª´·túø’ éÌØ√o®Ω’. V3- Past participle - e.g.: gone, taken verbs V1, V2

™«çöÀN. ÉN

鬴¤, ™«í∫. Past participle ´·çü¿’ àüÁjØ√ 'be' form ´ÊÆh Å°æ¤púø’, be form + participle, verb Å´¤-ûª’çC.

e.g.: The shop is closed (verb - is - be form + closed - past participle)verbs passive voice Have/ has/ had/ shall have/ would have + past participleverbs

É™«çöÀ ™ Öçö«®·.™‰èπ◊çõ‰ É™«ç-öÀN

Å´¤-û√®·. e.g.: He would have gone [verb-would have + gone (pp) ]

b) She takes coffee in the mornings. (takesV1)

V4= Present participle- going, coming 'ing' forms. Past participle 'ing' forms (present participles) verbs 'be' form be form + ing form verbs

c) I went to the doctor yesterday (went-V2)

He is going [verb-is(be)+ ing]

d) She took milk this morning (took-V2)

She is coming [verb-is(be)+ing]

e.g.: go, goes, take, takes etc. a) I go to the part once a week (go-v.)

´·çü¿’ éπL°œ

™«çöÀ ™«í∫ ÉN– èπÿú≈ 鬴¤. OöÀÖçõ‰ØË Å°æ¤púø’, Å´¤-û√®·.

Spoken English -§ƒ-ûª -¢√u≤ƒ-©éÓÆæç -éÀxé˙ -îË-ߪ’ç-úÕ.. URL: http://www.eenadu.net/spoken/spoken.htm