Pp Presentation

Motor development consists of the control of the movements of the muscles which, at birth and shortly afterward ,are random and meaningless. But these movements are replaced by specific pattern responses as the baby develops control over his muscular mechanism. During the first four of five years of life. The most important development along motor lines consist of the development of the following: 1. Gross movements - movements which involve large areas of the body( running, walking, jumping, skipping, etc.) 2. Finer coordination - involve smaller muscle groups (writing grasping etc.)

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Development of control over the body parallels the development of the motor areas in the brain. The cerebellum or lower brain develops rapidly during the early years of life and the cerebrum upper brain develops in the early years of childhood.

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Maturation and learning – If teaching precedes maturation, time and energy will be wasted. There must be adequate maturation of the neuro – muscular system if the child is to derive full benefit from training. C. Patter of the motor sequence – Its follows a definite sequence, the head to foot or cephalocaudal sequence and is referred as the “law of the development direction.” Development also proceeds in the proximo- distal direction, which means that -

Motor development occurs earlier in the structures lying nearest to the main axis than in those in a more remote area. Muscle control, for example, appears sooner in the arms than in the fingers.

1. It provides the child with a source of amusement of entertaining himself. 2. Through his motor development, the child goes from the helplessness characteristics of the first few months of life to independence. 3. It is important to the child’s school adjustments. 4. Motor development is important for the child’s social contacts. 5. It is important to a child’s concept of self and to his personality development.

Sequence of development may be considered under four headings: 1. Motor development in the head region 2. Motor development of the arms and hands. 3. Motor dev’t. in the trunk. 4. Motor dev’t. in the legs.

After the gross motor activities are developed, the child begins skills or the finer coordination in which the smaller muscles play a major role. Skills must be learned, but when they are learned it is important to know as how they are learned. Children who receive training are definitely superior to those who receive no training, but the training must be correlated with their maturational readiness to learn.

As skills develop through practice, the improvements are: 2. Waste movements are gradually eliminated. 3. Errors become fewer. 4. Fatigue accompanying the activity is reduced. 5. Speed and accuracy of movement are increased . 6. Strength increases with physical development.

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Self- feeding. At first, the baby can’t hold the cup with one hand only, but later he learns to do it and learns also on how to use spoon and fork to feed himself. Self- dressing. The child learns to remove his clothing before he learns how to put them on. Girls as a rule, dress themselves earlier and more efficiently than boys owning partly to more flexible rotation at the wrist, partly to general motor coordination and partly to the greater simplicity of their clothing. Writing. The starts using a pencil at the age of one year. He scribbles and later makes symbol units.

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Ball throwing and catching. As Gessel had pointed out, “Skill in throwing requires fine sense of static and dynamic balance, accurate timing of delivery and release, good eye hand coordination, and appropriate functioning of the fingers, as well as the arms, trunk, head and legs, in controlling the trajectory of the ball.” All children start throwing balls with both hands, but as they learn, one hand is used only. Block building . The babies carries blocks form place to place and manipulates them in irregular masses. Next to this is the arranging or placing of these blocks in rows to build simple structures.

Delayed motor development interferes with the social development of the child. It keeps him away from the play activities of the group. It develops feelings of inferiority. Causes of delayed motor development : 3. Poor physical condition 4. Size of the body 5. Intelligence 6. Lack of opportunity to develop muscle control 7. Lack of incentive to develop muscle control 8. Emphasis on specific movements 9. Fear