Plasma View Nebulizer And Torches.pdf

Torch Arrangement & Plasma View

Argon gas connection of the Torch Nebulizer Gas, calibrated in Pressure adjustable from 20 - 60 PSI Auxiliary Gas, calibrated in flow rate adjustable from 0 - 2L/min Coolant and Plasma Gas, calibrated in flow rate adjustable from 11 - 20L/min 3-5% of Coolant Gas flow is used to build plasma 95% is used to cool the Quartz-Glass torch body

Radial PlasmaTorch Body made of Quartz Glass 3 Concentric Tubes – Coolant – Auxilliary – Injector Gas connection fittings for Coolant and Auxiliary Ball Joint fitting for Nebulizer gas connection

Thermal Zones of Plasma 5.300 K

Viewing Zone of Radial Plasma

5.500 K 6.500 K 7.100 K Emission Zone

6.300 K 10.000 K

Plasma Core Preheating Zone

High velocity of Nebulizer gas flow together with sample Aerosol punches a hole into the hot plasma

Radial Torch Configuration Back Light Mirror

Base torch configuration for Prodigy/Prism ICP Light Input of Echelle Spectrometer Argon or Nitrogen purged for optimum transmission of UV light RF Load Coil Radial Torch

Enhances light input

Radial Plasma Advantage: Can easily analyze high concentrations of elements Linear calibration fit for all elements Robust plasma Best for organic sample matrix Viewing zone can be optimized for each element Less Argon consumption Disadvantage: Detection Limit 10 fold less then Axial view Viewing zone much depending on nebulizer pressure

Axial Torch configuration

Light Input of Echelle Spectrometer purged with Argon or Nitrogen for optimum transmission of UV light RF Load Coil Axial Torch horizontally mounted

Axial Plasma

Axial Plasma Viewing Zone of Atom Emission

Sample Aerosol

Axial - Plasma Advantage: Detection limits better then radial plasma Viewing zone not depending on nebulizer pressure Disadvantage: Limited concentration range to achieve linear calibration fit Light absorbance in the recombination zone by element atoms. Axial view requires a mechanism to remove the tail of recombination zone of plasma - Air knife - Cooled cone Consumes more Argon

Air Knife of Prodigy

Heat resistant ceramic part

Air outlet nozzle

Air tubing connected to Internal air pump

Outlet of System Gas Supply Ball Joint SprayChamber connection for Sample Aerosol inlet

Air Knife Gas (compressed air Generated by internal Air pump) Purge Path Gas (Ar, N2) Coolant & Plasma Gas Auxiliary Gas Nebulizer Gas

Axial/DV Torch adjustment

Dual-View Plasma Radial Plasma - Plasma is viewed radial. Entrance optics and mirror are housed in purged enclosures for high performance in the UV spectral region. Axial Plasma - Plasma is viewed axial using specially designed entrance optic and sample introduction system for ultra-trace analysis Dual View Plasma - Plasma may be viewed axial for high sensitivity measurements or radial via an auxiliary optical mirror which collects light from the side of plasma and leads it to entrance optics of the spectrometer. View is selected under computer control using an motor adjustable mirror. Viewing options include all axial, all radial, axial on Mirror Pos# 1 and radial on Mirror Pos#2, or operator selectable on a lineby-line basis.

…closer look to Axial / DV Torch Air knife cuts off Plasma Tail Light Input Axial

Slotted Torch allows Radial View

Dual View Plasma of Prodigy ICP

Dual View - Axial View

Dual View - Radial View - Selected by computer controlled C1 Mirror

Axial, Radial in Dual View selectable with C1 Mirror Prodigy’s Automated Source Mirror Provides: – Selection of Axial, Radial in DV mode – Optimization of plasma viewing position – Matches source to the spectrometer High f/ appropriate for plasma imaging – Remote location promotes long life – Field Upgradeable just incase your needs change – Modular Design

Advantage of Dual View Plasma Better detection limits due to Axial View Extended dynamic range due to Radial View A single Element Line can be determined in axial and radial view Analytical concentration range of sample analysis from PPB level up to % level

Torches Radial Torch

Axial Torch

Ball Joint SprayChamber Connection for Sample Aerosol inlet

Dual View Torch

How to Choose a Nebulizer Sample solvent Matrix – Dissolved solids – Organic Matrix – Hydro Fluoric Acid

Performance – – – –

Detection limit Stability Longevity Ease of use

Sample Introduction of Radial Torch configuration

Aerosol Generator Nebulizer needs Peristaltic Pump, Tubing and Carrier Gas Argon Generates a mist from sample liquid using 3-5% of sample only Droplet size depending on nebulizer type Different sample matrices need different nebulizer Oil samples V-Groove Nebulizer Brine solutions HG Nebulizer Aqueous samples Concentric Nebulizer

Peristaltic Pump

Sample transport to Nebulizer Volume depend on rotation and inner diameter of pump tubing Spray chamber draining from remaining sample

12 rollers mounted in a roller head Spring loaded adjustable levers Sample Tbg. Black/Black stop tap Drain Tbg. Red/ Red stop tap

Concentric Nebulizer Design Side view Liquid Sample

Nebulizer Gas Argon

glass

liquid sample

argon End on view

Concentric Nebulizer Conikal AR 30 PN# 120-00463-1 – Borosilicate glass construction for everyday use with solutions of up to 5% total dissolved solids.

Seaspray AR 30 PN#120-00474-1 – Borosilicate glass construction for solutions with higher dissolved solids, up to 20%

Polycon AR 50 PN#120-00498-1 – HF resistant polyimide construction for use with solutions containing HF acid and less than 5% total dissolved solids. Each of these nebulizer have small orifices which may become clogged. Reported tolerance for particles up to 75m.

Concentric Nebulizer Parameters Argon pressure – Concentric nebulizer are designed for operation at pressure of 30 to 50 psi

Liquid uptake (pump rate) – Concentric nebulizer are designed to perform at a specified uptake rate and will yield the best stability when run near the specified uptake.

Interpreting the label AR50-1-FC1 – is the Conikal designation which corresponds to 50 psi argon pressure, 1 L/min argon flow, and 1 mL/min sample uptake

Conical Nebulizer with Cyclonic Spray Chamber with KO Baffle

Maintenance Occasionally soak in clean solvent to dissolve possible deposits. Eluo cleaning device available to backflush concentric nebulizers.

Never place concentric nebulizers in an ultrasonic cleaner.

Teledyne Leeman Nebulizer Hildebrand Grid Nebulizer PN# 120-3028 Wastewater application High Dissolved Solids Brine Solutions

Hildebrand Nebulizer This nebulizer is optimized by adjusting the end cap (grid spacing). • Lower the pump rate in 0.1 mL/min increments if excess liquid accumulates at the end cap. • Increase the pump rate in 0.1 mL/min increments if the mist is too fine.

• Similarly, increase nebulizer pressure to reduce droplet formation and reduce pressure when the mist is too fine.

Teledyne Leeman V-Groove Nebulizer V-Groove Nebulizer – Primarily used with organic application like Oil samples – Brine solution with high concentration of HDS

V-Groove Nebulizer Primarily used with organics

Optimizing Nebulizer Use Salsa menu “Optimize Sample Intro” from Instrument Control tab. Run multiple 1 second integrations on a high standard Modify Nebulizer Pressure and Pump Rate View results in statistics display Acceptable performance should produce precision of <1-2%

Cleaning Nebulizer Aqueous Solutions Clean the nebulizer by rinsing on-line 10-15 minutes prior to shutdown. Disassembly is not recommended. For more aggressive cleaning: 1.

Aspirate 25% aqua regia for 10-20 minutes

2.

Aspirate 1-5% nitric acid for 1-2 minutes

3.

De-ionized water for 1-2 minutes

Organics Aspirate clean (blank) solvent for 10-15 minutes, increase time for higher dissolved solids applications. Check blank readings for carryover.

Spray Chambers used for Prodigy Double Pass Scott Spray Chamber normally used with Hildebrand Grid Nebulizer Used for Waste Water and Brine application Cyclonic Spray Chamber can be used for all aqueous application Available with baffle tube ( Knock Out) or with out baffle for better IDL and QC test

Cyclonic Spray Chamber

HF Acid Sample Intro System Demountable Torch

Double Pass Spray Chamber

Sample Intro Guide Axial/DV

Sample Intro Guide Radial