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rEÅav; (1) ta&SUbufrSm awmifwef;jymjymBuD;awG &Sdav&JU Nidrfvnf;Nidrfouf wdwfvnf;wdwfqdwf cefUnm;NyD; £ajE´vnf; BuD;rm;vSwJh tJ'Dawmifwef;awGqD ai;arm&if; em&Dpif[m ol&Sdaew,fqkdwmukd olarhaewwf&JU/ wpfcgwav &yfwefYaewJh em&DvufwHawGukdMunfUNyD; rif;&yfaeayghwJh rEÅav;[m &yfaeayghwJh vlwcsKdU xdwfvefUwwfMu&JU/ rEÅav;&JU orkdif;qkdwm jruf&kdif;yifawGMum;u jcaoFhwpfaumif&JU uyfy,ftdwfwJhvm; eef;rawmfr,fEkawmifrS tJ'D0g'ukd taotcsm jiif;qkdvdrfhr,f/ {&m0wD jrpfa&[m rEÅav;ukd r&pfacGygbl; ae&pfcJh ae&pfcJhvkdUqkdNyD; wdwfwqdwf pD;qif;oGm;av&JU/ jrefrmusL;ypfzdk&rf
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olpdrf;awGMum; tpGefUypfcH ESvkH;om;wpfckvkd ckdawG&JU nnf;wGm;oHukdemcH&if; usef&pfcJU&aygh/ refusnf;yiftkdawGu wjznf;jznf; pdrf;pkdU nKdUrdIif; jcaoFhawG &JU ausmjyif[m tykdif;ykdif;uGmus a&Twpfacsmif;[mvnf; trIdufykHawGxJ armarmyef;yef;wkd;a0SUvkdU / bk&m;ausmif;uef apwDykxkd;awGeJU usKH;NrKdU&kd;BuD;uawmh &moDawG&JU ukwfjcpfrIawGukd BuhHBuHhcH&if; rEÅav;oDcsif;ukd qkdqJyg/ 26 bDvrf; 84 vrf;eJU NrKdUjy&JU tonf;ESvkH;&yfuGufawG armfawmfum;*dwfawG? wnf;ckdcef;rBuD;awG? tBuD;pm;vkyfief;puf&kHawG qdwfNidrf&yfuGuf0if;NcHBuD;awG aemufqkH; bkef;awmfBuD;awG&JU bk&m;ausmif;uef tkwfwHwkdif;ay: tvSLU&Sifpmwef;awGqD wtdtd w&d&deJU ajrmufbufawmifukef;awGqDu qD;ESif;jzLjzLawG NyKduscJhaygh/ jrefrmusL;ypfzdk&rf
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(2) rEÅav;&JUorkdif; rkefwkdif;awGxefcJU q,fpkESpf txyfxyf jrifhjrwfcJh? *kPfodu©mrJhcJh ay;qyfcJh? uRefjzpfcJh? todOmPfrJhcJh pnf;vkH;nDnGwfcJh? wkdufyGJ0ifcJh atmifyGJcHcJh? NyKduGJcJ ]]ighESvkH;aoG; r&yfao;orQ ighrEÅav;ukd igykdifqkdif&r,f}} &mZ0ifpmrsufESmrsm;ay:u ightbkd;tbGm;awG&JUpdwf"mwf zwf&wJhtcg 0rf;vnf;0rf;om ydwdvnf;jzpf aus;Zl;vnf;wif? *kPfvnf;,l tm;vnf; tm;wufNyD;? ikdvnf;ikda
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'gwkdUjynf 'gwkdUajr wkdUbkd;bGm;tarGppfrkdU cspfjrwfekd;ay ..... wJh/ rEÅav;[m &mZ0ifxJu ocsØKif; rEÅav;[m jrefrmjynf&JU tpdwftykdif; rEÅav;[m &kd;&mtarGtESpfawGeJU
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tkd . . . rEÅav; rEÅav;&JU/
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(4) tJ'Dvkd ajrmufbufawmifukef;awGqDu qD;ESif;jzLjzLawG NyKduscJhvkdU NidrfoufwJh? wdwfqdwfwJh cefUnm;wJh? £ajE´BuD;rm;wJh awmifwef;jymjymBuD;awGteD; v,fuGif;awGMum;u ½Gmuav;wpf½GmqD qkwfcGmcJhaygh/ ]]rEÅav;twGuf wkdU toufpGefUwkdufcdkufcJhMu rEÅav;ukd igwkdUykdifqkdifcJh}} olUbkd;bGm;awGvufxufu Zmwdrmefwuf
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tpdrf;a&mifjrpfokdU wrf;csif; pdrf;nKdUauGUaumufaom jrpfrsm;rS ta&mifrxGufwJh ausmufwkH;wpfckukd awGUaomtcg ighESvkH;om;ukd owd&ygav/ 'kdif,m&DMum; ul;,la&;rSwfxm;cJhwJh ighrdwfaqG&JU uAsmtykdif;tp tckawmh rif;twGuf ... igh&nfnTef;csufNzpfcJh&NyD/ olUausmay:u pD;qif;oGm;wJh a&tvsOfwkdif;[m olUrsuf&nfawGygyJvkdU t"dyÜg,fzGifhqkdcJhvQifawmh jrpfwpfjrpfqkdwm usdefpmoifhaewJhaeYawGukdyJ olaysmf&Tifvdrfhr,f/ tm;emp&m rvkdygbl;uG,f rif;avSmfcwfbl;cJhwJh ighESvkH;om;&mZ0ifjrpfusOf;wpfavQmuf taiGUysHrIawGeJU aoGUajcmufcJhNyD r[kwfvm;/
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tcsnf;ESD;awmifwef;awGqD txD;wnf;xGufoGm;&wJhtcg ig ajzodrfhEkdifp&m ... wpfpkHwpf&m rif;qDu ygcJhNyDrkdU tm;emp&m rvkdygbl;uG,f/ wkdUESpfa,muf Am'H&Dyfuav;a0NyD;? vlol&Sif;wJh uaz;qkdifav;wpfckrSmxkdifNyD; a[m'Dvkd arv&JUaeYvnfcif;rSmaygh vl;vGifhaewJh wHvSyfawGukdai;Munfh&if; wdwfqdwf pum;rJh NidrfoufpGm em&DawG avmifuRrf;cJh&JU/ ighrSm wpfpkHwpf&m taumif;pm;pdwful;pdwfoef;awG &Sdaew,fqkdygawmh tJ'gawGtukefvkH;ukd rif;,l/ ighrSm b,folUukdrS rcspf&ao;wJh ESvkH;om;topfwpfck &Sdaew,fqkdygawmh tJ'gukdvnf; rif;yJ,l/
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igazmufcJhNyD;orQ vrf;tm;vkH;ay:rSm rif;avQmufoGm; ig &oifh&xkduforQ avmu&JU ay;qyfjcif;awGukdvnf; rif;,l ighukdOD;nTwf*kPfjyKr,fh wpfpkHwpfa,muf&JU OD;acgif;ukdvnf; rif;yJyGwfoyf rif;yJ jrifhjrwfEkdifygap/ tJ'D ighvufaqmifawGtm;vkH;[m wpfpkHwpf&m wefzkd;renf;cJhbl;qkdwm rif;todygyJ vlwpfcsKdUuawmh rif;[m igrufaewJh tdyfrufuav;wpfckwJh wu,fawmh ... rif;[m ig rykdifqkdifvkduf&wJh tjyma&mifaeY wpfaeYyguG,f/ iguawmh ttdyfrJhnawGMum; twdwfeJU tem*wfukd pm;okH;&if; arQmfvifhjcif;tdyfrufawGeJY tdyfruf&JU&mZ0ifaeYopfawGukd tqkH;½IH;cHae&wJh vlwpfa,mufyg/ wkdU ... wpfOD;eJUwpfOD; aygif;pnf;nDnGwfcJhzl;&JU wkdU ... wpfOD;ukdwpfOD; t&k;trl; av;jrwfMunfnKdcJhzl;&JU jrefrmusL;ypfzdk&rf
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wkdU ... wpfOD;ay:wpfOD; ay;qyfrIeJY &,lcJhzl;&JU tckawmU tJ'D w&m;awG (b,folrS Mum;0ifraESmifh,SufbJ) olpdrf;awGvkd a0;uGmcJhMuaygh/ ol0wfxm;wJh ta&cGHukd olpGefYcGm&wJhtcg jrpfwpfjrpfqkdwmuawmh a>rwpfaumifvkd raysmf½TifEkdifbl;aygh/ tm;emp&m rvkdygbl;uG,f igykdifqkdifEkdifwJh avmu&JU ynwfrSeforQeJU ightawG;awGtm;vkH;ukdvnf; rif;yJ ykdifqkdifcJhNyDr[kwfvm; / [if;vif;NyifawGukdawmh igukd,fwkdifyJ ykdifqkdifqJygav/ / ykdifpkd;a0 [efopfr*¾Zif; (azazmf0g&D ? 1991)
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wpfaeYrSarhr&olav;odkU vlwpfa,muf[m olYtaMumif; u@m&Dwpfck½Sdoifhw,f r[kwfvm;/ t&m&m[m ajrBuD;ay: wkwfacsmif;eJYa&;jcpfxm;ovdk jzpfvG,fysufvG,fawGcsnfhygyJuG,f/ rif;b0wpfckvkH; aMuuGJusef&pfatmifqdkNyD; ighudk,figvnf; tqkH;rpD&if&JcJhbl;/ 'gqdk aoewfajymif;udk acsmif;Munfh&if; cvkyfESdyfrdwJh olwpfa,muf&,fvdkY vlawG [movkyfajymusef&pfrSmaygh/ igh&JUtaumif;qkH;udk igvkyfrNyD;ao;orQ b,ft&may:rSmrS ighudk,figrykHEdkifcJhbl;/ iSufwpfaumif[m aumif;uifwpfckxJrSm ESpfcgysHoef;EdkifzdkY aerif;BuD;udk wpfBudrfywf&w,f/ wpfaeYrSarhr&olav;a&/ onfwpfnaecif;av;yJjzpfjzpf taumif;twdkif; tzwfwifusef&pfzdkY awmifhcHxm;&olyg/
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ig[m *sL;vd,ufqDZmvdkyJ udk,fh&efolawG&JU pm&if;udkrSwfrxm;csifbl;/ udk,fhemrnfb,folwkef;&,fvdkY udk,fh[mudkjyefar;&wJhtcgrsdK;rSmawmh aoewfajymif;udk acsmif;Munfhrdjyef&JU rif;zdkY '@m&DwpfckayghuG,f/ / ydkifpdk;a0 (uvsm? atmufwkdbm 1997)
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rd0if;zdkY uAsm 'ku©awGudk jyjyNyD; rif;uighudkjrSLqG,faeav&JU/ igbmaumifqdkwmodzdkY ighAdkufudk"g;eJY xdk;MunfhzdkYawmh rBudK;pm;eJYav/ ighb0&JU jzpfwnfrI[m ighAdkufxJrSm r½Sdbl;/ igh½SdorQ b0t"dyÜm,fawG rif;udkomay;vdkufprf;csif&JU/ ighrSm AvmoufouftcGHcsnf; usef&pfcJhprf;ygap/ rif;eJYywfoufvdkYuawmhvm; jym;jym;0yfrwwf aMumuf'l;wkef&JU/ yxrqkH; aoewfoHMum;uwnf;u vufeufcszdkY pdwful;aeolyg/ rif;eJUywfoufwJh igh&JUtem*wfwdkif;[m b,fwkef;urS igUqDudk a&mufrvmcJYbl;/
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rd0if;zdkUuAsm 2 tkHUqkdif;wJhESif;xkxJaea&mifusJusJxkd;csvdkufwJhtcgrif; ighESvkH;om;ukd owd&ayghuG,f/ a[h rd0if; rif;u ighudk r,kHbl;? [kwfvm;xdMunfhvkdufavighwudk,fvkH;wqwfqwfwkefcgaewmrif;awGU&rSmyJ/ a[monh a f uEÅm&awmtkyfBuD;udk b,folrS wm;qD;r&ovkdrsK;dayghigurif;ukd cspfwm/ Munfhprf; rif;u ighudk'kwd,wef;pm;xJrSm xnfhxm;csifoaygh wu,fw ef;us igu wwd,wef;pm; wa,mufyguGm/ vlwa,muf b,favmufcspfw,fqkdwmudk rif;u r,kHbl;[kwfvm;? vlwa,muf v rkd;ay:ysHEkdifw,fqkdwmrsKd;usrif;u,kHjyefa&m/ waiGUaiGUusef&pfcJhwJh rif;&JUoa&mfawmfawmftNyHK;av;udkyJ woufw vkH; odrfqnf;xm;&awmhr,fightjzpfyguGm/ ighb0&JiU jzpfwnfrSKxJrif;vufukd xkd;oGif;Munfhvkdufprf; udkif;/ tcspfeJU awGU&w,f r[kwfvm;/ rif;eJUywf r oufNyD;wkdif;ig&&SdwJh aysmf&TifrSKqdkwm ppfyGJBuDp;wyGJNyD;oGm;wJhtcgusnfqHcGHvkdufaumuf&wJh uav;wa,mufvkdygbJ/ bmrSef;rod b wJh t&mawGtay:bmrSef;rodbJ vkdufavsmae&wm ighb0yguG,f ightcspfi[m rif;bmomjyefvkdU r&Ekdifavmufatmifr&SKyfawG;vSygbl;? jyif;xefj wJ tm&kHcHpm;rSkeJUwkefcgaewJhb0&JU &pforfudk aygif;pyfxm;wmwckygyJ/ v,fuv Gif;xJ vrf;avQmuf&ovkdrsKd;awmh rvG,fulbl;ayghuGm/ ightouf i t&G,fBuD;eJU usrS tonf;uGJoDcsif;awGvJ qkdraeyg&apeJUawmh/ rdausmif;awGaygwJh yifv,fBuD;xJwcgwnf;omckefcsvkdufcsif&JU/ /
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