Pertemuan-1 Ver-1

[email protected],id [email protected]

By : Made Sondra

Buku Referensi :

• Pengantar Aplikasi Komputer Teori dan Praktika, Dr. Azhar Susanto, MBus,Ak., Edisi 2, Lingga Jaya, Bandung • Using Information Technology, Pengenalan Praktis Dunia Komputer dan Komunikasi; Williams / Sawyer, Edisi 7, ANDI Yogyakarta • Mengenal Komputer dan Perangkatnya, Firman Sujadi,ST. dan Nursanti Riandini,ST., Shakti Adiluhung & Bee Media Indonesia, Bandung

By : Made Sondra

PENILAIAN :

• • • •

Kehadiran Kuis & Tugas-tugas UTS UAS

TOTAL

: : : :

10 % 15 % 25 % 50 %

: 100 %

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JADWAL PERTEMUAN : Masa Kuliah I

Agustus

Libur Idul Fitri

September

Lanjutan Masa Kuliah I

Oktober

Nopember UTS

Desember

Masa Kuliah II

Januari09

Libur Natal & Tahun Baru Lanjutan Masa Kuliah II UAS

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Bahwa Keahlian Komputer merupakan standar keahlian minimal yang harus dimiliki untuk meningkatkan produktivitas dan daya saing di pasar tenaga kerja dalam masyarakat informasi By : Made Sondra

1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9.

Pendidikan Kedokteran Perancangan Perindustrian Kemiliteran Meningkatkan kesempatan kerja Meningkatkan Produktifitas Meningkatkan Kemampuan Manusia Hiburan By : Made Sondra

OUTPUT CPU INPUT DEVICE

Processor Control Unit ALU

OUTPUT DEVICE

ROM RAM MEMORI

PROCESS INPUT

A computer is an electronic machine that can be programmed to accept data (input), process it into useful information (output), and store it in a storage media for future use By : Made Sondra

1. 2. 3. 4. 5.

Komputer Pribadi (Micro Computer) Komputer Mini (Mini Computer/WS) Komputer Utama (Mainframe) Komputer Super (Super Computer) Komputer Server

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(1)Microcomputers / PC •

•

The most common for home users , computers that can fit on a desktop or in one's briefcase. Can perform all of its input, processing, output and storage activities by itself.

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Types of PC i. ii.

Mini – tower Desktop

Mobile Computer

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(2) Mini Computer (Workstation) •Powerful desktop computers •Used by engineers and scientists for engineering applications, software development, application that require a high amount of computing power

Workstation – Sun Ultra450

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(3)Mainframe s •Process data at very high speed •less expensive than Supercomputer •used for processing large amount of data •user work with terminal e.g Maybank Mainframe (4) Supercomputers •The mightiest computer •The most expensive. •process billions of instructions in a second •used by some exclusive group only

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(5)Servers •designed to support a computer network that allows you to share files, application software, hardware, such as printers and other network resources. •Mainframes, personal computers can be used as a server. •Server computers usually have following characteristics: •Designed to be connected to one or more networks •The most powerful CPUs available •Multiple CPUs to share the processing tasks •Large memory and disk storage •High-speed communications capabilities

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Sistem Komputer

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Notes: • A computer system is made on hardware and software • Software controls the computers and makes it do useful work • Hardware refers to the physical components that make up the

Komponen Utama Komputer 3. Perangkat Keras (Hardware): • • • • •

Input (Keyboard, Mouse) Processing (CPU) Storage (Memory, Hard disk) Output (Monitor, Printer) Communication (Modem)

4. Software (Perangkat Lunak) • • •

System S/W (Operating System) Interpreter dan Compiler Application Software

5. Manusia (Brainware) •

Prosedur By : Made Sondra

Hardware •

Input

•

Processing

•

Storage

•

Output

•

Keyboard

Mouse

Communications

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Hardware •

Input

•

Processing

•

Storage

•

Output

•

Communications Case or system cabinet

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Hardware •

Input

•

Processing

•

Storage

•

Output

•

Communications Processor chip By : Made Sondra

Hardware •

Input

•

Processing

•

Storage

•

Output

•

Communications

Memory chips

By : Made Sondra

Hardware •

Input

•

Processing

•

Storage

•

Output

•

Communications Motherboard By : Made Sondra

Hardware •

Input

•

Processing

•

Storage

•

Output

•

Communications

Primary storage (memory) - RAM Computer circuitry that temporarily holds data waiting to be processed Secondary storage (storage) ROM The area in the computer where data or information is held permanently

By : Made Sondra

Hardware •

Input

•

Processing

•

Storage

•

Output

•

Communications

By : Made Sondra

Hardware •

Input

•

Processing

•

Storage

•

Output

•

Communications

By : Made Sondra

Hardware •

Input

•

Processing

•

Storage

•

Output

•

Communications CD Drive

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Hardware •

Input

•

Processing

•

Storage

•

Output

•

Communications

By : Made Sondra

Hardware •

Input

•

Processing

•

Storage

•

Output

•

Communications

Speakers

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Hardware •

Input

•

Processing

•

Storage

•

Output

•

Communications

By : Made Sondra

Hardware •

Input

•

Processing

•

Storage

•

Output

•

Communications Monitor

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Hardware •

Input

•

Processing

•

Storage

•

Output

•

Communications Printer By : Made Sondra

Hardware •

Input

•

Processing

•

Storage

•

Output

•

Communications

By : Made Sondra

Software System Software “Software that enables the application software to interact with the computer and helps the computer manage its internal and external resources”

WINDOWS

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LINUX

Software Interpreter & Compiler Software “Software that has been create a particular program/ application for users – to perform useful work on specific tasks or to provide entertainment” By : Made Sondra

Software

Application Software “Software that has been developed to solve a particular problem for users – to perform useful work on specific tasks or to provide entertainment”

By : Made Sondra

End Users ❖

Types of Users

Individuals who uses the product after it has been fully developed and marketed.

Small Business Users ❖

Small companies

Mobile Users ❖

Traveling people By : Made Sondra

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Generasi Komputer • • • • •

1st Generation (1951-1958) : Vacuum Tube 2nd Generation (1959-1964) : Transistor 3rd Generation (1965-1971) : IC 4th Generation (1971-Skrg) : Microprocessor 5th Generation (Skrg-Yad) : AI

By : Made Sondra

1st Generation (1951 - 1958) : Vacuum Tubes Memory was made up of hundreds of vacuum tubes or sometimes magnetic drum Gave off so much heat that even if they were cooled by gigantic air conditioners.

IBM Punched Card (input)

Input and output media were punched cards and magnetic tapes Magnetic Tapes (output) By : Made Sondra

Vacuum Tubes (memory)

UNIVAC

ENIAC

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2nd Generation (1959 - 1964) : Transistor •an electronic switch that alternately allow or disallow electronic signal to pass, replaces vacuum tubes •These transistors were made of solid material, some of which is silicon, therefore they were very cheap to produce •Much smaller than vacuum tubes, draw less power, and generate less heat, conduct electricity faster.

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Minicomputer

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3rd Generation (1965 - 1971) :

Integrated Circuit

An electronic circuit that packages transistors and other electronic components into one small silicon chip called semiconductor. The number of transistors that is placed on a single chip has increased, shrinking both the size and cost of computers. Keyboards and monitors were used. Magnetic disks were used widely as secondary storage

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Minicomputer

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4th Generation (1971-Present) : Microprocessor •A silicon chip on which transistors are integrated onto it. •Microprocessor can do all the processing of a full-scale computer – smaller in size , faster in speed. •These circuit integrations are known as Largescale integrated (LSI) and Very Large-scale integrated (VLSI) circuits Microprocessors led to the invention of personal computers.

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5th Generation (Present & Beyond) : Artificial Intelligence Artificial Intelligence (AI) concerns with making computers behave and think like humans. The branch of computer science that deal with writing computer programs that can solve problems creatively AI studies include robotics, expert systems, games, etc..

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Arah Perkembangan Komputer ∀ ↓ size – Everything has become smaller ∀ ↑ power – Miniaturization allowed computer makers to cram more power into their machines, providing faster processing speeds and more data storage capacity. ∀ ↓ expensive – The price of the hardware is getting cheaper

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Why are COMPUTERS so Useful? • • • • •

Storage Reliability Speed Accuracy Communication

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Communication Process in which two or more computers transfers data, instructions, and information

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Communication What is needed for successful communications? Sending device — initiates instruction to transmit data, instructions, or information

Communications channel — media on which data, instructions, or information travel

Communication Device

Receiving device — accepts transmission of data, instructions, or information

Communication Device

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Communication Sending Device

Receiving Device

Communication channels

Communication Device By : Made Sondra

Networks Network is a collection of computers and devices connected by communication channels To facilitate communications, share hardware, data and information, software, etc By : Made Sondra

Networks TYPES OF NETWORKS: • LOCAL AREA NETWORK (LAN) • METROPOLITAN AREA NETWORK (MAN) • WIDE AREA NETWORK (WAN)

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Type of Networks 1. Local Area Network (LAN) • Privately owned communication network • Home, school computer laboratory or office building

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Type of Networks 2. Metropolitan Area Network (MAN) • •

Network that covers geographical area Connects LANs in city or state

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Type of Networks 3. Wide Area Network (WAN) • • •

Network that covers large geographical area - country. Consists of 2 or more LANs/MANs Internet is world’s largest WAN

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communication s satellite

Internet • Internet is worldwide collection of networks that links millions of computers together • allows all of the computers to communicate with one another     

E-mail Information Shopping Meeting people Entertainment By : Made Sondra

Internet

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Internet ISP

THE INTERNET

home user By : Made Sondra

By : Made Sondra