采购管理-purchasing Management

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⦅ॄ⡤⏙䏅㾰࡯ऴଉぎ⧗

⦅ॄ⡤⏙䏅㾰࡯ऴଉぎ⧗ 塰෵㐪᳸Ạ垨塵⦅ॄ⡤⏙䏅㾰ぎ⧗塶塰塵⡤⏙ॢࡻऴଉ ぎ⧗࡯ᒸ೼塶 塰෵㐪ࣇ垨ॢࡻ⡤⏙ぎ⧗垖ẋῙᚍࡻ౛⡉⹒垗塰⿪ࡪᵋ ⡤⏙ぎ⧗垖ࢎ჌⹒ॻ⻗ᒇ䟴౛⡉⹒垗塰ৼᜡ䚰ぎ⧗垖ẋ Ῑᚍࡻ౛⡉⹒垗 塰෵㐪ẓᡀ垨 塵჌䟜དྷࡻ᩹ẁ塶塰塵⡤⏙᩹ẁ࡯ᜡ⫑塶塰塵ऴଉぎ⧗ ࡯᩹ẁ塶塰塵⡤⏙⻗᩹塶塰塵⡤⏙᩹ẁ࡯㹤ኃ塶 塰ⱘ௔㎈⾧垨ZZZ]JFRPZZZFRPFQ

›É  É ÉÉ 0 GÉ^  0 ÉÉ^ÉÉ 0 GÉè  0 GÉD  0 GÉÉ  0 GÉ  

⦅ॄ⡤⏙ₗ䈮 ˉႪ༴ญઍሇДᅴξ‫ؤ‬ॖ Ⴊ༴ƳB  ơB   Ƣ          

ơƢДᅴƳ Ƣ৯ƥ᯾ࡆᚸƥˏে‫ޡ‬༴ᨭϔሇᘧ৭ᯅᲢːƴ

⦅ॄ⡤⏙ₗ䈮 wƢ1935৯ƥᒼ‫ދ‬᭖۩‫צ‬ѕƳႪ༴ơP.D.Ƣ೤‫ׇ‬٢Ѓ᭖۩ϔ ሇႪᤌᤨಥ‫ڔ‬ദ֩ЃЭᅴД‫ޞ‬տཔᤝ‫ޞ‬ဿ༴֬᧼ጫϔѤᰡ ሇጕጕ༰֬ˊ 3ƢЁ୊ഭᯋƳնϞơORƴLogisticsƢ ơwƢ‫ؤ‬ॖƳ Logistics Engineeringˉ Logistics Managementˉ Logistics of DistributionˉBusiness Logistics 50-70৯кƳP.D.ƥξ᭖۩ണԟ ࣽϤƳ‫ׇ‬ஷؑൃಥሇ༴ᨭˉД‫ڳ‬թ᪞ˉ᧿᧢ˉᤑϹξ਀ࣘ ఊցˉӯࣘˉᅶୗദ֩ᎋχ֩༰֬ˊ

⦅ॄ⡤⏙ₗ䈮 1986৯Ƴᒼ‫ދ‬Ⴊ༴Ꭻᄮ‫צ‬ѕಅٍƳN.C.P.D.M44C.L.M ᒼ‫ދ‬Ⴊ༴Ꭻᄮ‫צ‬ѕनႪ༴ሇࣽϤƳႪ༴೤ϛ࿕ᥙཔᤝᓥ ᱇ᠳƥ‫ޗ‬ҋؑൃಥˉ‫פ‬ୄ‫ˉڳ‬ୄ‫ڔڳ‬ሮԟҴૉ‫ؑޗ‬Д‫ޞ‬ ‫ڔ‬པᤝ‫ޞ‬ϥᯋँᄕᴱಊςᑀ༽ሇ᧿᧢‫ڔ‬ӯࣘ᧼ጫϔ੶Ᲊ ЭЀሇᡝհˉँ಴‫ڔ‬ఊցᎋԘ᪇༰֬ˊ Logistics is the process of planning, implementing, and controlling the efficient, cost-effective flow and storage of raw materials, in-process inventory, finished goods and related information from point of origin to point of consumption for the purpose of conforming to customer requirements.

⦅ॄ⡤⏙ₗ䈮 ᒼ‫ދ‬Ⴊ༴Ꭻᄮ‫צ‬ѕһ๡ϽनႪ༴ሇࣽϤƳ Logistics is that part of the supply chain process that plans, implements, and controls the efficient, effective flow and storage of goods, serves, and related information from the point of origin to point of consumption in order to meet customers requirements. ࣽϤ೗ኵϽႪ༴‫س‬೤Җਁ᭔ሇδϑᐵୄ᪇թˊ

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⦅ॄ⡤⏙ₗ䈮 ơ3Ƣ Supply Chain Management 80ˉ90৯кƥъχਥࡺ୿቉ቈဿಇਥᖭႪ༴༰ ֬ሇಜϑ᧼ጫƥ‫ׇ‬ஷؑൃಥሇҖਁ۵‫ڔ‬ցୄ‫ڳ‬ሇթ᭖۵ˊ Ⴊ༴ƳᐵᐸԬ᪇नǼ༴ǽሇѓ‫׎‬ƴҖਁ᭔Ƴ࠮᪇ಜ‫ى‬ Җਁ۵

ᅴД؅ए

୸‫ؤ‬۵

Ҵૉ༴ Д‫ڳ‬༴ ᄕ᫘༴

᱃۩۵

᲌ऄ

⿪ࡡ㹘 䏅㾰࡯⡤⏙ δˉ᫑ᤑξႪ༴ 1ˉ᫑ᤑ 0 ᫑ᤑሇ߰ല٢ϤƳ 44᫑ƳᨢஶƥᤑƳᤑϹƥ 44᫑ᤑƳ‫ޗ‬δࣽሇ೎ᯋˉ‫ޞ‬ဿോхλᨭ᧼Б೙ୡ๽ƥ ँᄕЭ࠰ϑࠩᨢनᣳϔƥᨢஶᤑϹᕜ࠲࿕ᥙᖪᦳ᱇ຸ ሇႪ‫ڳ‬ሇъχ༰֬᧼ጫˊ 44ႯဿƳ೤δጕБ೙៞ϛƴँᄕ੶Ᲊԣࠩδࣽሇോхƴ ೤δϑᨢஶሇ᧼ጫƴሩሇ೤࿕ᥙᖪᦳ᱇ຸƴ೤۵༴ˉ Ⴊ༴ˉҴૉ༴ሇണസᑏδˊ

⿪ࡡ㹘 䏅㾰࡯⡤⏙ Ёˉ᫑ᤑႪ༴‫ޗ‬ъχႪ༴൛ୄϔሇ‫ޞ‬Ѭ ‫ݽ‬ಃႪ༴ Җਁ۵

ষ؅

᫑ᤑႪ༴

ъχ༴ᨭϔੴ

ᅴДႪ༴ ᅴДъχႪ༴൛ୄ

᲌ऄ

᭖۩Ⴊ༴

⿪ࡡ㹘 䏅㾰࡯⡤⏙

‫ݽ‬ಃႪ༴ ᅴД۵

ᑀ᭖۵

ᑀ᭖۵༴ᨭϔੴ

᫑ᤑႪ༴

᲌ऄ

᭖۩Ⴊ༴ ༴ᨭъχႪ༴൛ୄ

⿪ࡡ㹘 䏅㾰࡯⡤⏙ -ˉ᫑ᤑಲਭ 1ˉЭ୭៞᫑ᤑᔉᕜሇੋਭթƳ ơ1Ƣᰴϔ‫׎‬᫑ᤑ 0ѓဿƳᰉѭ᫑ᤑᤝᅶƴँᄕ୸᫗᫑ᤑƥᚊ੧Җ ਁ۵ሇцඨஆ୫ƴണջЃ᫑ᤑѸχ ‫׎‬ƴണջ Ѓन᫑ᤑষѸሇണಊఊցƴᰉѭ਀ࣘ 0ÿဿƳ᫑ᤑ᧼ጫ ƥ೎ಊÿ'ƴ ᅶÿႪ ᤨ᫑ᤑƥÿᚊ੧цඨஆ୫ƴ᫑ᤑξҋᅶթ ˊ 0ÿƳ ۵χъχሇ᫑ᤑˊ

⿪ࡡ㹘 䏅㾰࡯⡤⏙ ơwƢթÿ‫׎‬᫑ᤑ 0ѓဿƳ᫨नÿ(ƴÿಊ ᴱˊ 0ÿƳÿᕜ ᫑ᤑୄലˊ 0ÿƳᅴДъχ ۵χъχƥँ៞Ѐχ᪇ցሇˊ ơ3Ƣÿ‫׎ى‬᫑ᤑ 0ѓဿƳಲ ༰ƥണ᫨नÿ‫ޞ‬᫑ᤑ᪇թ۵‫ˊڳ‬ 0ÿဿƳÿᎫᄮÿƥѕ ୄÿᖪϛ ˊ 0ÿƳ᫗цᴱሇƥᰴϔ᫑ᤑƴ᫗ÿцѭሇ ೎ÿ᱇ᠳƥ թÿ᫑ᤑƥÿᠳ ᫑ᤑҴૉˊ

⿪ࡡ㹘 䏅㾰࡯⡤⏙ wˉЭ᫑ᤑцඨኵࣽሇಲਭթ ơ1Ƣÿц᫑ᤑ 0ႯဿƳ ࣽሇҖਁ۵ ᫑ᤑ 0ѓဿƳÿ᫑ᤑᤝᅶ‫ڔ‬೎ᯋƴÿ᱇ᠳन᫑ᤑ ᫗ˉ цඨ ೎ÿಜƴണջЃ‫ڔ‬Җਁ۵ ԟÿƥ ࣽҖ ᱇ԟÿˊ 0ÿဿƳÿᕜцඨÿᴱƴÿਥÿƥҴૉÿन ˊ

⿪ࡡ㹘 䏅㾰࡯⡤⏙ ơwƢÿц᫑ᤑ 0ႯဿƳᨢࣽ एሇҖਁ۵ƥÿÿцඨÿ᫑ᤑˊ 0ѓဿƳÿ᫑ᤑ೎ᯋ‫ᤝڔ‬ᅶƴਥÿ‫ ڔ‬೗ÿÿᴱƴ᫑ ᤑÿˊ 0ÿဿƳҖਁ۵ÿᕜ ༴ÿƴҖਁ۵ÿᕜ ÿ) ƴҖ ਁ‫ڳ‬ጕÿඨሇ'*ÿᕜ པÿƥ ᅴДಊ ˊ ơ3Ƣÿ ᫑ᤑơopen tenderƢ 0ѓဿƳണջЃ᫑ᤑষѸሇǼਥˉˉ๡ǽƴണջ Ѓੋୄ ‫ى‬ে‫ޡ‬ሇÿँцඨƴണջЃ ᴱ᫑ᤑႪ‫ڳ‬ሇᤌ ᫗ƴണ

⿪ࡡ㹘 䏅㾰࡯⡤⏙ ջЃ᫑ᤑಲÿᨢஶƴണջЃᰉѭ᫑ᤑୄലˊ 0ÿဿƳ᫑ᤑᤝᅶÿᴱƴ ೙ÿᄕҖਁ۵‫ى‬ ᓥǼ) ǽƴ᫑ᤑጫÿ ˊ 0 ‫ى‬Ƴ᱇ຸ᫗ς ‫׎‬ሇД‫ڳ‬ƥ ᓥᴱÿ Д‫ڳ‬ơᡝ സˉᨭÿষጫᎋƢ 3ˉ ᫑ᤑୄБሇ೎ᯋթ ơ1ƢᄕÿᄕϹơ۵χъχƢ ѓဿƳÿÿ਀ࣘ ÿˊ ÿဿƳÿÿᕜÿ೎ տ۵‫ڳ‬ƥÿѕ ۵സˊ

⿪ࡡ㹘 䏅㾰࡯⡤⏙ ơwƢÿസ᫑ᤑ 0ѓဿƳÿസୄ ƥÿᚊ੧ᴱÿջ ƥÿഭ‫ ݽ‬೗ÿˊ 0ÿဿƳԣണሮሇ ÿˊ ơ3Ƣÿ ᫑ᤑơ ᅶƢ 0ѓဿƳÿÿ ƥÿᕜ ᄕÿᄕϹ᫑ᤑÿᕜÿᄕ ೎ ÿÿᥙሇ ƥÿᕜ ÿസ᫑ᤑሇ ÿˊ 0ÿဿƳÿ༰ÿˊ

⿪ࡡ㹘 䏅㾰࡯⡤⏙ ­ˉ᫑ᤑᎫᄮሇሩ 44‫ ى‬ሇҖਁ۵ơright vendorƢ 44 ሇᤌ᫗ right qualityÿ 44 ሇ೎ᯋ right timeÿ 44 ሇ ᫗ right quantityÿ 44 ሇцඨ right priceÿ

᱇ຸթ

᫑ᤑᎫᄮᐵᐸ ᨢஶҖਁ۵

Ûˉ᫑ᤑጫÿ ցࣽ ᫑ ᤑ ÿ ఊ

ÿ

ցࣽÿÿ ۵֩

ÿÿँ಴ ಃÿ਀ ˉ

ց ࣽ ÿ ᡝ հ

 ÿ‫ى‬ÿ



ᤨে‫ޡ‬թ

ÿᄮ

᫑ᤑÿц

ँ ಴ ÿ ᡝ հ

⿪ࡡ㹘 䏅㾰࡯⡤⏙ Kˉ᫑ᤑ‫ؤ‬ॖ  1ˉÿ‫ދ‬᫑ᤑϔੴ ጕ ਭƳ 0 ਭδƳÿ‫ދ‬ъχ‫ޗ‬ÿδ‫ދ‬एሇÿδᑀ༽ϔੴ ᫑ᤑ ϔੴƥ᫑ᤑъχᑀÿ᱇۵‫ˊڳ‬ 垨ᓍࢱ⺛ჭ൧ऍ塰ኛ⎽塰ኚ䈟塰䢾ᖏ塰∳⋶塰ᒟ⎂塰 ෢䞆塰ᜎᚈ຦⑻ჶ᝾㹤ࣧඃᆄᢂ⯾௉⧔䏅㾰ࢎᠲ垚ᢓ䋼 㹤ჭ࡫␊塱

⿪ࡡ㹘 䏅㾰࡯⡤⏙ 0 ਭЁƳ δϑ‫ދ‬एሇÿδϔੴÿে ሮनࣽሇƥ ϛԘ ÿ‫ދ‬ъχ Җ᫑ᤑദ֩ሇ‫ˊޡ‬ 垨࡫␊㹇౲᝹⾠埱௉⧔䏅㾰ࢎᠲ埲垚㲸౲垨ᜃᜢ 䁖჌்ร䉓䈈࡫␊ჭ䜯⌉ࡪ㳆⏊⯾䏅㾰䈁ಏठ㏀த垚 ඤ࡫␊౛ฐ⊋䏋⫚ᮣ䯛ಏ垩ᜃ垚ठ垚垩 ᜃ垚ठ垚ৠ࡫␊ⱺ∰᨜࢛埱௉⧔䏅㾰ࢎᠲ埲塱 wˉÿ‫׎‬᫑ᤑ x垨ࢎ჌ⴷ⍛ᜡ⫑⫞ᑴདྷ೼㳕ఔᵋ὾垚ኚኚ䟤যࣧ᨜Ṿ塱 ࡡ⿖ठኑத⯾㎈࡫䏅㾰垚द⫑ࢋᔙᵾᒨ᨜垚㙇㋟㿇 䏏ठத塱

⿪ࡡ㹘 䏅㾰࡯⡤⏙ x垨ࡷ⫰࡫ṗኚ⯾䡯༽དྷ㏀჌〉ᔞ⥱䈟䚳்ร∰ჭᔥ㹻 ⫑⫞ᑴ䋋ॗ塰㲺䧐ॻ㹔ằㄻ〴䏅㾰⼁᜜㍢ⴱ䏅㾰ኚॻ⯾ ॻṲ࡮㲵䣎઻⫌᥉塱 x垨䣊௙Ṳ䞒垚ᮣৼ㎈㌕㲺䧐〄ई໚⯾⹲ᚈ㎈㹕ᵯᑴ⡱ ಋ㗢ᠲॆಫᶭ㗂ᚙಏኀ⋱छ᭽䚲ई໚䈙⍄Ṟኑᔛछᥭ ᥉䈈䞌㐱ჭ䣊ᛑᵾṲ⊆ኛ䌎Ṟᒼᨺ࢜ഃ᩷࡫䞆㲄⋱䈜 㭷㎈࡫ॻ㹔塰䏅㾰〄དྷ೼⏓ഃ塱 䈚ࡡᵾṲ垚࢛ࣧ䊦மछ๺⯾⏙䉓䉓䈈⫞䋋ᒴ㾪塰 ⫑ 㲺䧐ÿ㾪ॆ 䉓䈈㎈㌕ÿ᨜࢛ ຦ॢࡻ⯾ṗÿ塱 ൧塰ᜎᚈ塰䢾ᖏ〄ÿ㎈࡫ÿདྷॻ᨜࢛䏅㾰຦ 㿇ࡻ೼ ÿ⯾࢜ 塱ࢎ჌ⴷÿ㎈塰ࢎ჌჌䟜ÿ㎈〄 䏅 㾰⯾㎈㌕ÿჭ Ṳ䞒ÿ䌎 Ṟÿ䜯塱

⿪ 㹘 ࡯ÿৼᜡདྷ δˉᨢஶҖਁ۵ሇँ಴  ˉÿթ թ Ԭ Ƴթ ে‫ ޡ‬ÿÿъχᖪᦳႯဿƥթ ъχࣘ‫ޗ‬ሇᯅᲢƥ೗ኵҖਁ۵ᨢஶሇÿᠳÿˊ wˉ೗ኵҖਁ۵ᨢஶሇሩ ‫ ڔ‬ ÿƳᰉѭୄലˊ ÿƳ ᨢஶÿᅴД۵Ƴሩ Ƴᰉѭÿ٢ÿ ሇÿሇᅴДୄല ÿ٢ÿሇÿሇД ᫗ˊϛÿƥ ξ ЃᅴႪ߰ሇ  ‫ᤨى‬ÿ៞ᅴ Дˊ

⿪ 㹘 ࡯ÿৼᜡདྷ Žˉ Җਁ۵ᨢஶ‫ँڔ‬಴ሇÿᐵᐸ ­ˉে‫ޡ‬ÿ‫ ڔ‬᫑ᰴ ˉ‫ޗ‬ᄕണሇҖਁ۵‫ޗ ڔ‬ሇҖਁ۵ϔᨢஶ 0 नҖਁ۵ሇᨢஶ Ƴ ᅴД ഭξ ೎᧿ÿ 44Җਁ۵ᕜ ҖሇᅴД ഭ೤࠰  44Җਁ۵ണÿኵ ೎᧿ÿሇጫÿ 44Җਁ۵ണÿ೗‫ڔ‬ÿ๡᧿ÿᯅᲢሇጫÿ

⿪ 㹘 ࡯ÿৼᜡདྷ ᤌ᫗ξ ᫗  44Җਁ۵ᅶÿጫÿÿ៞ᤌ᫗ఊց‫ڔ‬ᤌ᫗  44ᤌ᫗ᯅᲢÿÿ๡ ಴ണÿх೗  44ϛ‫ڔ‬ಅ๡ÿႪÿ ሇؑ᧼ÿষѸ  bÿ 44Җਁ۵ÿ ᫗ˉБ೎ᯋξД‫ڳ‬ಅ ೎ƥ༰ÿ ണ࠰ Ѭÿˉцඨ 44Җਁ۵ÿ‫  ޗ‬

⿪ 㹘 ࡯ÿৼᜡདྷ 44Җਁ۵नÿࣽ۵‫ڳ‬ᐵ‫ ى‬ሇц‫ى‬ᄮ  44Җਁ۵ÿ‫צ‬۵цඨ  44Җਁ۵ÿ‫ ى‬ÿᰉѭୄല  Ҵÿξ ֩ÿ ࣽ 44Җਁ۵Ҵÿÿ 44Җਁ۵ ֩ÿÿ » 44Җਁ۵೤ٞώÿ» Ϲÿƥҋ᱇ಲ ᥙ» Ϲÿሇ 

ണÿ࿕

⿪ 㹘 ࡯ÿৼᜡདྷ 0ᨢஶҖਁ۵ሇಲ ᅶಲ Ƴ 

Ƴࣽÿƥࣽ᫗ƥࣽÿξࣽ᫗‫ى‬

ÿ+ÿ ơ ᅶƳ߰ലؑᄮ೤ϛ ϑթ᪞δϑ+ ÿƥ ϑҖਁ۵ሇࣽ᫗ᨢஶϛÿҖਁ۵ÿሇ ੧թξሮਁ+ÿሇ ሇ‫ڔ‬Ƣ ÿթ ơž BƢ ˉ Җਁ᭔‫ى‬Ѹԟÿ

⿪ࡡ 垨ᢓÿ

⿪ 垨 ÿ



䉓ඃÿॗ

ඃÿॗ

㹤ÿॗ

⿪ࡪ 垨 ᑴÿ ÿ  䏏 ᨜ Ṿ

⿪ 垨 ᵋ὾

 ഃ ᨜ Ṿ

 

࡯ ÿ  ⾧

࡯ ÿ ฐ

࡯ ẋ







ᵋ὾ࡡ



  ் ÿ ㎈  ॗ

ÿ   ॗ

⫑ ÿ  ॗ

⫑ ⫞  ॗ

ᵋ὾

ÿ   ᢂ

⿪ 㹘 ࡯ÿৼᜡདྷ ੑ‫ޔ‬ÉÉÉ ‫ ޔ‬ÉÉÉÉ  É É É

É   É  É   É   ÉÉ      

É   ÉÉ  

⿪ 㹘 ࡯ÿৼᜡདྷ Œ  É ‫ޔ‬ᴙㅢ♽É‫⟤ޔ‬ ⹷ᐲ‫^ޔ‬ÉÉ‫ޔ‬Éୃ᦯É‫ޔ‬Éᐲ‫ޔ‬ᒻ⽎╬㧧 ⒡ᓸ 

‫ޔ‬ÉÉ ‫ޔ‬ÉÉÉÉ^ÉÉ w‫ޔ‬ᑪ┙^ÉÉÉ♽ 0ɱ É  É㧧 É É 㧧   0—±É É㧧ኈÉ ÉÉ

⿪ 㹘 ࡯ÿৼᜡདྷ

⿪ 㹘 ࡯ÿৼᜡདྷ ὾x垨 ৼᜡདྷ 䡯䋼ॗৼᜡདྷ垨ࢋ垚໚ÿ垨 ኑÿ ÿ垨 塰ÿৼᜡདྷ ෵࡯ÿ⯾㹤㹇44 ⦅ÿẠ 塰 ÿ᩹ẁ຦ÿ䋼ॗ 塰ᒸÿৼᜡདྷ᨜Ṿ䟤য㹇౲垨࡮ᶭÿඤৼᜡདྷ 垚㐱ᶭ࡯ ৼᜡདྷࡡ 䟤য䡯䋼ॗ⯾᨜Ṿ 塰࡯ৼᜡདྷÿ⯾ 垨ᒴÿৼᜡདྷ࢛ 䜯 埱ṗÿഃ ᶭ 垚ÿ௔ ಋछÿ்ร⯾埲

⿪ 㹘 ࡯ÿৼᜡདྷ ὾x垨䉓⫑⫞ ்ร⯾䏅㾰ÿ 0䏅㾰ÿ垨௉⧔ÿ䏅㾰 0䏅㾰⼁᜜垨᝹⾠ ⯾㾪ÿ⋱ ৼᜡདྷ⯾຦  ㎈࡫ÿ 䈜㭷䏅㾰塱 0ÿৼᜡདྷ⯾ 垨 ÿ 垖ৼᜡདྷ⯾ÿ 塰 塰 垗䈜㭷 垚ᒼÿ⯾ằÿৼᜡདྷᶭ  ࢛ÿ䜯Ṳ⯾ৼᜡདྷ塱 0 Ṿ㲄⋱垨 44 垖塰ÿ⯾௉⧔䏅㾰 ࣧ য 塰຦ÿ ᝾ÿ垚 ÿ㲄⋱ৼᜡདྷ⿪ ᜃ塰⿪ࡪᜃ垚⊆ᜃ䌎

⿪ 㹘 ࡯ÿৼᜡདྷ 㲄 䟤ÿ ⯾ 垚䈚ÿ㲄⋱ৼᜡདྷ 㗂ᚙ⯾䏅㾰 ⼁᜜塰 㗂ᚙ⯾ৼᜡÿᜡ塰 㗂ᚙ⯾᨜Ṿ〄〄垚  ৼᜡདྷ䈟ÿࡪᜃ࡮ 䟤য 垚 ÿÿ㲄㐪ÿ ÿ⯾ৼᜡདྷ塱ჭ䈚ࡡ䈈⼁ ࢎ垚ÿ்รॻÿछ ࡯ৼᜡ དྷ 垚ÿৼᜡདྷ⯾ৼᜡÿÿᮣ䯛垚ॆ ÿॆṗṞ ÿ⯾ÿ塱垗 44垖㲄⋱垨 ᒴ垗 44 㾪垖ÿᵾ垗 44 垖ÿÿ⯾छ㭷ÿÿ垗 0㙇㋟䏅㾰᨜Ṿ⯾ᵋ 垨㎈࡫ÿ塰⫞ᑴདྷ೼

⿪ 㹘 ࡯ÿৼᜡདྷ ὾x垨〉ᔞ⥱䏅㾰⯾ 塰埱ÿ࡮㲄 ኑ埲垨ÿᔛ ໚⯾䏅㾰ÿ垚ÿ ᵋ ぎ⧗垚ÿ࢜㲄⯾ᶭॆ㙇ÿ᨜Ṿ塱 塰〉ᔞ⥱ ⯾埱䞆 埲࡮䯛塱〉ᔞ⥱⯾䯛  垚埱ÿ౛ჭÿ࡫埲垚ÿ䯛 䈜 ຦  䏏〄⫑⯾ÿ垚 ᒴॻÿ〉ᔞ⥱ÿÿ⯾য 塱 塰 ÿৼᜡ䚰ÿ塱 ÿࡪࢋÿ垨ࡡᶭ 䈜䚲 垩 ᶭჭৼᜡདྷ ᩷ 垩ࡪᶭÿৼᜡ䚰垚 䟤য⡤⏙᨜Ṿ塱

⿪ 㹘 ࡯ÿৼᜡདྷ ⿪ࡡÿᵋ ⯾ᵾॄÿ Ṿ㌌ẫ塱 ৼ㾪དྷÿ᩷ ᶭ⿪ ÿᵋ垚xৼᜡདྷÿ࡫ 塰ÿ೼ 〄垚ᶭÿಫኚኑÿࢎ჌  䏅⫑⯾ 塱 ÿ࢛࡮ÿኑ⯾ 䚲༽垖 য垗࡯ ৠ䈜䚲 ằᔙ垚〉ᔞ⥱ࡡÿ ⿪ࡪÿ塱 ठ㏀த ்ร㾰 ࣧདྷࡻÿ垚ᒸ⦅௉⧔ ㎈塱⦅ჭ垚〉ᔞ⥱⊆ࡡ䞒䈟䚳ÿ䌎ÿ䉓䈈ÿ 垚⊆ࡡ 㾪࡫䌎ÿኃ௉⧔ᒴÿ塱䉓䈈ÿ຦ ⫞  垚்รᢓ䋼ॆÿᵾ ࡡᓍ䈟䚳ÿ塰 䚲༽຦࡫ ⯾ 垚ÿ䉓 㾪รẋṗÿ⯾ÿ 垚 ÿ 㾪⯾ṗÿ ÿ塱䈚 垚〉ᔞ⥱ṗኚÿÿ ்ࣧร⯾ÿ塰ᮣ䯛ᚍÿ塱

⿪ 㹘 ࡯ÿৼᜡདྷ ÿ垚〉ᔞ⥱⯾⏙ᶭ㏀჌䡯༽ࡻÿ ⯾ 塱䉓䈈䟤য᨜Ṿ垚〉ᔞ⥱  ༽㾪⡤ჭ ࡫ ඤṞÿÿ垚 㐱᨜࢛ ⯾ṗÿ塱 塰埱ჭÿ⯾ÿᵋ ࡮ಏ埲塱ÿৼ㾪དྷᮣ౛⫌ई㲄 ⋱垚ÿई໚ ॆ〉ᔞ⥱⯾໚ÿ垚㐱 दჭ〉ᔞ⥱䈟䚳 ÿ䈜㭷䚲༽ÿᶭ〉ᔞ⥱⯾⡱ ࡡ塱ÿಫ垚〉ᔞ⥱ÿ ⯾㗂Ṟ໚ÿඤಏᢓདྷ໚ 4 塱 塰 ᜃ ÿ垚〉ᔞ⥱௉⧔䏅㾰ࢎᠲ ᨺ⑻ჶ塱ÿॆ ࢛ ÿ垚 ࡷ⫰ÿࢋ䏅㾰 塱ࡡ塰 ᜃ垚 〉ᔞ⥱ ÿ䏅㾰ÿ垚ÿÿᜃ䚲༽ ठ ㏀த⯾དྷ໚௉䋼 ⑻ჶ㹤⾠⯾௉⧔䏅㾰ࢎᠲ ÿ  ⯾䏅㾰㎈㌕ ᒨ᨜塱

⿪ 㹘 ࡯ÿৼᜡདྷ 塰ÿৼᜡདྷ⯾垨 ṗÿ䏋垨຦ ÿ垨࡮ÿᚍ塰ৠ⫑ ഃ 塰ÿ ๺ ᚍ塰 ৼᜡདྷ࡮ÿ䏅㾰छ๺ᮣৼமདྷ໚塰ഃ຦ ࢱÿ〄 ⯾ÿ໚ 垚埱ÿᶭࡡ ⿖垚ÿ垚ࡡ ᒸ垚ৼᜡདྷÿÿÿ ࡯〉ᔞ⥱ ⯾ẋॻ塱埲 ÿ垨〉ᔞ⥱ÿ㏀த ౛ÿ࡮ಏ㏀த ჭ 䌎ÿ垚䈚ÿয ÿÿ⧗᭽ಏࣧ ⯾ÿ塱ᚍछ ࡫ࡡ ᑴÿ垚ࡡᔙᵾ ㏀塱࢛ࣧ䟤য᨜Ṿ垚 䌎ÿ⯾ ᚍÿ䌎ჭÿᵋ㹤 ᮣ䯛ÿ垚⫑ṗኑ⯾ ᶭ ๺塱ÿಫ௉჌⯾ ⫌ई࡯ᜃಫࡡ 垚ÿᚍछ⯾ÿÿᔛࣧ塱

⿪ࡪ㹘 䏅㾰དྷ໚㲄⯾ᒴ ‫ ޔ‬ɨ É É¨ É ÉÉ ÉÉ  É ÉÉɨ  è É ‫ ޔ‬ɨ É   É  Éɨ 44  ¨ wɨ 44,ÉÉ!"# ŽÉ¨ 44$%&'()

⿪ࡪ㹘 䏅㾰དྷ໚㲄⯾ᒴ x垨ÿ䏋 ்ÿ垚ᚍ ᢂÿ்ÿ垚䣊ᚍ ᢂÿ்ÿ垚垨 ᚍ ᒴ  ்ÿ ৼᜡᒴ ்ÿ w‫ ޔ‬ɨ É  É  ! 㧧 wÉÉ ÉÉÉÉ'*ኈ㧧 ŽÉÉÉÉ ­ÉÉÉÉÉ‫ޔ‬ᔟㅦ   Ž‫  ޔ‬É"

⿪ࡪ㹘 䏅㾰དྷ໚㲄⯾ᒴ É"

– É



ÄÛÉÉ

Ä É

=

É

Œ É –ÉÉøÉ É ÄÛÉÉ Ä É –ÉÉøÉ ੑ‫ ޔ‬ÉÉÉÉ#ÉÉÉ‫ ޔ‬ÉÉÉÉ‫ޔ‬ቄÉÉÉ É !  ³ ÉÉ ÉGÉÉ$ +,-㧧 ³ ÉÉÉ%ÉÉ É% D!" &㧧

⿪ࡪ㹘 䏅㾰དྷ໚㲄⯾ᒴ ³  ÉÉ%'É‫"ޔ‬ÉÉ(É+,㧧 ³ ÉÉÉ) +, ÉÉ*+ ÉÉ*+

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⿪ࡪ㹘 䏅㾰དྷ໚㲄⯾ᒴ 1ˉᑀ ӯࠩơ ӯࠩƢ ơ1Ƣഭࣽ᫗ ᑀ ӯࠩࣽÿ ᱇ᅶ᫗ÿơႪᤨҖਁᯋ    ҋᅶࠩ Ƣ »ϔƳ Җਁᯋ  ơÿ୸Ⴊᤨÿ਀᫗ÿÿ୸ႪᤨҖਁᯋ  Ƣÿ  ÿ਀᫗

⿪ࡪ㹘 䏅㾰དྷ໚㲄⯾ᒴ ÿƳႪᤨҖਁᯋ



ሇᡝ

⿪ࡪ㹘 䏅㾰དྷ໚㲄⯾ᒴ ơwƢᑀ༽

ᤑ୸᫗

ᤝᅶ

਀ࣘᤝᅶ ӯࠩᤝᅶ ᤑÿᤝᅶ ÿᤝᅶ ø 

ᤑ୸᫗

⿪ࡪ㹘 䏅㾰དྷ໚㲄⯾ᒴ ৯ୄല –ᤑÿୄല

ᤑୄലÿӯࣘୄല

ਭϔƳ + ৯᱇ຸ᫗ƥѬᡝ  ѬႪ‫ڳ‬ሇᤑÿୄലƥ ϑ   ÿሇ ᤑୄലƥ   ѬႪ‫ ڳ‬৯ሇӯࣘୄലƥ ৯  ୸᫗ ÿ᫗ƥѬᡝ  Ѭୄലÿ ሇ৯ӯࣘୄല

⿪ࡪ㹘 䏅㾰དྷ໚㲄⯾ᒴ ᑀ༽

ᤑ୸᫗m Ƴ

 é

w w é  B

Ƴ w+



ᤑᤝᅶ + ৯᱇ᠳ᫗

ѬႪಥѬ೎ᯋ

Ꭻ ᤝᅶ

⿪ࡪ㹘 䏅㾰དྷ໚㲄⯾ᒴ x垨ÿॢࡻ௉ᜃ䡯ॗॗ垚⊆ॗ⊆ᜃଉ᨜Ṿ࢛ த垚⊆ 㾪᨜Ṿ࢛த塱ৼᜡདྷ㲸ᒴ垚⊆ 㾪䈁 ಏ 䈈ॗᵾ垚⯾ 垚࡮ᶭॗᵾ ࢛த塱㹻 ॢࡻ㾪ÿኑኚᵾჭ࡫⊋  塱 㳕垨 垖垗࡮ÿ ᵾ 㾰ÿ垖  ÿ垗ÿॗ ᜃ㾪ᢓ᨜Ṿ 垖ÿ垗 垖ÿ垗 த

⿪ࡪ㹘 䏅㾰དྷ໚㲄⯾ᒴ 垖垗ÿ ᵾ   垖垗垖ÿ垗 垖ÿ垗  垖垗 தÿத wˉ ӯࠩࣽÿ ӯࠩࣽÿ– ᱇ᠳ᫗ø ӯࠩ »ϔƳ ӯࠩ – ഭ –ơÿ୸ႪᤨơഭƢÿ ਀᫗ÿÿ୸Ⴊᤨഭ Ƣÿ  ୸ഭႪᤨÿ਀᫗

⿪ࡪ㹘 䏅㾰དྷ໚㲄⯾ᒴ x垨 㹇ÿṲኛÿ垖    垗 ÿ垖垗ኛ

⿪ࡪ㹘 䏅㾰དྷ໚㲄⯾ᒴ Žˉÿÿÿӯࠩࣽÿ ÿÿÿӯࠩࣽÿ– ᱇ᅶ᫗øÿÿÿӯࠩ x垨ÿॢࡻ 㲄⯾ÿÿ⡤㿇垚ᶭ⫚ÿ࡫ÿಏÿ⯾垚 ⊆ᜃÿᵯÿ垚ಏằᜃÿᵯ᝾ÿ垚⊆ᵯ⫑  ்ÿ垚⊆ÿ ኛ㹇垚垨 㙇ᢂଉኃᒴ   垖்ÿ垗

⿪ࡪ㹘 䏅㾰དྷ໚㲄⯾ᒴ ­ˉӯࠩࣽÿϥᯋሇԟÿ ᴱӯࠩ᫗–ᑀ ӯࠩࣽÿÄ ӯࠩࣽÿ ѭӯࠩ᫗– ӯࠩࣽÿ  ӯࠩ᫗–ᑀ ӯࠩࣽÿwÄ ӯࠩࣽÿ Җਁᯋ





ഭ Җਁᯋ

ӯࠩ

ᴱ ӯ ࠩ

ӯࠩ

ѭӯࠩ



⿪ࡪ㹘 䏅㾰དྷ໚㲄⯾ᒴ -ˉኵࣽႪᤨሇ᫑ᤑ᫗ ˉഭ ӯࠩ᫗ሇᡝ ơ λδഭሇᅴДƢ δÿႪಥӯࠩࣽÿơ ᛑଉኃ ଉኃƢ ँᰂষѸϔᨭ ᫑ᅶ 4ሇᑀ ӯࠩ᫗ ӯ ࠩ᫗Ѹϛഭ ਀ࣘ᫗ˊ wˉഭÿ਀ࣘ᫗ሇᡝ

³mցᡝհሇ೎ᯋ‫ޗ‬ᡝհഭਥࡺÿƳᅶँᰂሥဿ ኵࣽ ³mցᡝհሇ೎ᯋ‫ޗ‬ᡝհഭਥࡺϥƥƳ

⿪ࡪ㹘 䏅㾰དྷ໚㲄⯾ᒴ ᡝհഭഭÿ਀ࣘ᫗ഭഭÿँᰂ਀ࣘ᫗ഭÿᡝಃ ÿ᫗-ഭÿᡝ᱇ᠳ᫗ x垨ÿ㹤 㹇౲⯾ᵾ䞒ᶭÿ垚 ÿ⯾ÿ຦⫑ 垚ÿ⯾ÿ຦⫑䈜㭷ÿ 垚㹇㌌ 垚ಏ⯾Ṳ ÿ ÿᶭ㹇౲ṲṲÿ⯾ 塱

⿪ࡪ㹘 䏅㾰དྷ໚㲄⯾ᒴ 3ˉ᫑ᤑơ Ƣ᫗ሇኵࣽ ᫑ᤑ᫗ÿጕႪᤨሇ᱇ᠳ᫗ᡝհഭ ਀ࣘ᫗-ъχԬ᪇ÿջᅶᤨ

਀ࣘ ᫗-ᡝհഭÿ



㹘 䏅㾰 ぎ⧗

δˉ᫑ᤑ‫ى‬ÿሇญઍξÿᤌ ˉ᫑ᤑ‫ى‬ÿ Ⴊᤨ༴ᨭъχে‫ޡ‬᱇ᠳƥ ႪᤨሇᅴДъχ Ⴊᤨ༴ᨭъχᤑϹÿጕႪᤨÿࣽሇ‫צ‬ÿˊ wˉÿᤌƳԣണ+ջϤ֩Ԭ ሇᑀ༽‫ى‬ÿˊ ơƢ‫ ى‬ണಊሇ‫ى‬ÿԣണ  44ԣണ ƥÿ(ց୭៞ 44ÿᕜ ᖪ   ơwƢ ‫ى‬ÿሇÿಲЀ ‫ޞ‬Ѭᎋ

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㹘 䏅㾰 ぎ⧗

44 ‫ى‬ÿሇÿಲÿँ 44 ‫ޞ‬Ѭᎋ 44ᎋ‫ޞ‬ÿ+ջϤ֩ ŽˉႪ༴᫑ᤑ‫ى‬ÿሇႯ 44೤ÿሇÿ֩ണ ‫ى‬ÿ 44೤ÿୄÿ‫ى‬ÿ ЁˉႪ༴᫑ᤑ‫ى‬ÿሇԬ ˉ᫑ᤑሇႪᤨ 44Ⴊᤨጕ



㹘 䏅㾰 ぎ⧗

44Ⴊᤨሇÿඨˉˉᎋÿˉ  44Ⴊᤨሇÿ ơᠳ‫ׇ‬ஷ ÿᤌ᫗*ÿሇോхξ೎ ᯋƢ 44Ⴊᤨሇ ᫗‫ڔ‬ᡝ᫗Ѭơ‫ׇ‬ஷ᫗ˉթ୸Бÿሇ᫗ƴ ೙ÿÿႪᤨሇ‫ى‬ᄮ  ᫗Ƣ 44Ⴊᤨሇ‫ׇ‬ ‫ ׇڔ‬ሇҖਁ wˉБോх 44Бÿ೎ᯋ 44Бÿ‫ޞ‬ဿ 44БÿಲਭƳÿÿˉᖪ ˉк᧿



㹘 䏅㾰 ぎ⧗

44БÿѬơБÿ Ƣٍ ˉÿٍ‫ڔ‬ಃÿѬơಃÿ Ƣٍ 44Ⴊᤨሇ ಃơᤌ᫗ˉ ᫗ሇ ಲ ˉ ಃ‫ޞ‬ဿಲ ˉ Ƣ Žˉÿ 44Ⴊᤨሇцξцơ‫ދ‬ᰂᤜ೙ϔ੶Ᲊ೗­Ԭ Ƴ ᡝ᫗ѬˉѬцඨ᫘ÿˉᡝцÿˉᤜ೙ˊÿƳ ÿцඨ Ž ! ˊ Ƣ 44 ಲਭˉਥୗ ៞ˉÿξÿୗٍ



㹘 䏅㾰 ぎ⧗

­ˉ ៞‫ى‬ÿሇᑀ༽ÿơࣽ᫘ˉ ᫘Ƣ ˉÿႪሇ Ϲÿÿಲÿᠳÿ ÿ+ሇÿࣽˉ۵ ሇ೎ᯋˉ‫ޞ‬ ဿˉ സ൛ˉ ሩ‫ ڔ‬ᎋÿ៞ÿ۵ˊ ˉ  ÿಲሇ ៞ϛÿᠳᄕϛƳБÿႪሇ‫ڳ‬ᤌˉ ᫗ˉ ‫ىڔ ׇ‬ÿÿ ƴÿ ഭБÿƴ» ‫ى‬ÿ ࣽϤ ֩ሇ៞ϛˊ Ϲಲሇ ៞ϛÿᠳᄕϛƳÿ ഭƴÿÿ೎ ᄮ ᧿᧢ୡÿƴÿÿ೎ਥҴᅶƴ» ‫ى‬ÿ ࣽϤ ֩ሇ៞ϛˊ



㹘 䏅㾰 ぎ⧗

ോሇԬ ‫ׇ‬ஷƳ ೗ኵδಲÿ ‫ى‬ÿƥÿδಲണ+ ÿ ˊ ƥÿࣽ ೎᱇ Җሇхÿ ÿሇസ൛ˊ ÿ ഭÿƥ‫ׇ‬ஷ ണಊഭ‫ڳڔ‬ᤌ ഭơ ᤌ᫗ ഭƢˊ  ÿሇÿÿ ‫ڔ‬᫘ÿᎋˊÿÿÿࣽണ ÿ  ሇδÿᤝᅶơ‫ׇ‬ஷ ᤝƢÿ ÿ ÿಲ ᎋ



㹘 䏅㾰 ぎ⧗

7ˉÿÿ δÿਁ‫ىޗ‬ÿϔÿࣽƳÿÿЀхሇˉनÿÿ Ѐхሇᄮؑ‫ڔ‬ಲ ˉÿÿ‫ؤ‬ᅴÿᨭÿनಲሇ ഭÿ‫ڔ‬ಲ ˉ೗ÿхሇÿԣസ൛ÿÿÿЀхሇ ÿᎋˊ ÿÿോሇ-ጕಲਭƳ 44ญஷਭƳ नÿÿЀхѸ ᑏሇ ƥÿǼ Ѓÿÿሇؑƥÿÿᕜ ៞‫ى‬ÿ  ៞‫ى‬ÿሇ δಲÿÿ ണ ÿˊÿਁ ÿ ÿᨭÿन ಲƥÿ‫ ޗ‬ԬҴ नಲ Җ ÿԣሇ೗ ǽˊ



㹘 䏅㾰 ぎ⧗

44åϞਭƳ δ ೗ÿÿЀхሇጕ ˊÿǼ Ѓ୊ˉ‫ޞ‬ÿˉ ˉÿˉ ሇؑÿÿᕜ ៞ ‫ى‬ÿ  ៞‫ى‬ÿሇδಲÿ ണ ÿ......ǽ ˊ 44ÿ‫ى‬ਭƳ ญஷਭ‫ڔ‬åϞਭ‫ى‬ÿ‫ޗ‬δ ƥÿǼ Ѓ୊ˉ‫ޞ‬ÿˉ ˉÿˉ  » ÿÿؑ ÿÿᕜ ៞‫ى‬ÿሇδಲÿ ണ ÿ......ǽˊÿ ‫ى‬ਭ೤ϛ ᅶሇδጕಲਭˊ 8ˉ‫ى‬ÿሇ   44Ѐ ÿಲᑀ‫צ‬۵ÿ 44 Ѓÿÿҋ੧᫑ᤑ‫ى‬ÿሇԘ᪇Ϥ֩ÿᕜ ៞

⿪ 44

㹘 䏅㾰 ぎ⧗

Ѓδಲ‫ىޗ‬ÿࣽሇഭÿԬ



៞‫ى‬ÿ

  ᫑ᤑ‫ى‬ÿҋδಲÿÿሇƥ ÿ ÿሇ࠮ƥਁ ÿಲ ÿ ˊ 9ˉ‫ى‬ÿሇ ÿ» ോơÿÿÿ ˉ‫ى‬ÿ  ሇ ᎋƢ x垨 ÿ ்ร࡯ÿ⡱்ร⯾  㹔 ೼Ṳÿ⯾㲸ᒴ埱Ṿ 㹔㗂ÿᵯ 垚ÿჭÿᜃ ⯾ᵾ䞒⫌ÿ垚 䣊Ṟࡡᵋ छჭ 㹔ࢎ ᵯಫኛॆࣇ䣎 䉓 ÿᵋ垚 㹔ÿ塱埲

⿪㹘 䏅㾰࡯᨜Ṿ δˉᤌ᫗ሇ٢Ϥ ˉᤌ᫗ሇÿᠳÿƳ 44ÿÿƥ ሇᤌ᫗ᯅᲢ೤ Җਁ۵ ҖሇД‫ڳ‬ ‫ڔ‬ദ֩ ୄሇ 44 ࠰ÿሇᎫᄮষԣƥÿ!"ᎋᠳຸҖਁ۵ ҖሇД‫ڳ‬ ‫ى‬ÿඨ wˉᤌ᫗ሇ٢Ϥ ơƢÿᕜ44Д‫ ڳ‬ദ֩ሇÿᠳ ᕜ ơwƢႯ 44 տД‫ ڳ‬ദ֩ሇÿጕ ÿႯ

⿪㹘 䏅㾰࡯᨜Ṿ ơŽƢÿÿ44‫ޗ‬δࣽ೎ഭԬሇญ ơ­Ƣÿÿ44ÿഭ  ơƢ‫ى‬ඨÿ44࿕ᥙÿඨ ơƢദ֩ÿ44,-ÿ‫ ڔ‬೙ÿ ơƢᒼ ÿ44࠮ˉÿˉ ‫ ڔ‬ ơƢÿᣳᤌ᫗44᲌ऄቈϔሇੋᣳ ơƢÿ᫑ᤑÿ44‫ىޗ‬ᄮцѬሇÿᚊ੧ÿ‫ڔ‬Д‫ڳ‬ÿ ಅÿሇᕜ

⿪㹘 䏅㾰࡯᨜Ṿ Ёˉ᫑ᤑᤌ᫗Ꭻᄮሇؑ ˉ᱇ࣽÿ ơƢҖÿਁຸሇÿᠳႪᤨƳਥ ᤨƥ࠰ÿ ơwƢÿᥙሇႪᤨƳ ๡ ᫑ᤑ  ơŽƢÿᅶˉ ÿႪᤨƳ ᱇᫑ᤑ ơ­Ƣÿÿÿ(ሇႪᤨƳÿᤑÿƥÿϔ ƥÿ ơƢҖ᧼ЃຸሇႪᤨƳώඨఊց ơƢÿД‫ڳ‬Ƴ  ᤑƥ᭖

ᤑ

⿪㹘 䏅㾰࡯᨜Ṿ wˉஶѓᨢᤑ ᕜ цÿ ୄലơᤝᅶƢ -ˉᤌ᫗44ୄലሇԟÿ 1ˉᑏϤሇᤌ᫗44ୄല  ୄല

ᴱ ๡ୄല ѭ ୄല ѭÿୄല

ᴱÿୄല ᴱ ୄല ѭ ๡ୄല

ᤌ᫗

ÿ 

⿪㹘 䏅㾰࡯᨜Ṿ wˉϤሇᤌ᫗44ୄല  ԟÿƳᤌ᫗ሇÿဿ೤ ҋ»‫ى‬ඨ

δÿኵᅴДƥÿÿ೤ᨭ᧼

ୄല ᴱ ๡ୄല

߰ലሇÿ‫ڔ‬ÿࣽୄല ᤌ᫗

ÿ 

⿪㹘 䏅㾰࡯᨜Ṿ न᫑ᤑሇ ୊Ƴÿᤌ᫗ؑᄮਁᅶ‫ޗ‬᫑ᤑ᪇ ᖪᦳሇ ᧿ѸϔÿξҖਁ۵‫ى‬Ѹಅÿᤌ᫗ˉᰉѭୄല ὾x垨ÿኚ჌Ṟॢࡻÿ䏅㾰᨜Ṿ⯾ぎ⧗ ࡡ塰ÿ ⯾ 垨࢛௉჌⫞ẋ຦ኚࢎÿ⏙⫞ẋ ⯾䏋ॢࡻ垚ई໚࢜㲄⫑⫞⾧塰ÿ䏏塰 塰ẋ Ῑ塰ⴷ⍛ÿᚍ塰ÿ塰⻗塰 䉓塰ÿ 塰 塰ÿ塰 塰塰 〄ÿ ॢࡻ垚࢛჌ÿ㭷ࡻ ೼塱

὾x垨ÿኚ჌Ṟॢࡻÿ䏅㾰᨜ ὾x Ṿ⯾ぎ⧗ ÿಫ⯾ 垨ई໚ ࡡÿ㲄䯛ÿ ÿÿ 垚 ᨜ÿኚÿ塱 塰⦅  ÿಫᜃईÿ㋟ठதछÿÿ垚䏅㾰㿇䏏ኚ㋟ඤ垚 ठத塱ॆჭÿẠ 䏅㾰࡫ÿ᨜Ṿ㍢⯾ÿ垚  தछÿÿ垚ⱘ  ÿठதईÿ塱

὾x垨ÿኚ჌Ṟॢࡻÿ䏅㾰᨜ ὾x Ṿ⯾ぎ⧗ ࡪ塰 ÿ 塰䉓䈈࡮䋼䞆䞒⯾ⱘằ 䏅㾰छ๺⯾㭷࢛塱 ÿ䋼ఔᒴ೼䋼ÿኃÿࡻ⯾ छ๺塱ÿࡻ⯾ छ๺࡮⯾ᒇÿ຦  ഃÿ垚䉓䈈 ㎈㌕ॆṗ ⯾ࣧ㳕ṗÿ⯾  垚  ⯾ ÿ ৼᜡདྷ⯾ 䈜㭷ÿ 㐱㲸 ⯾ 垚ÿ䯛 ÿ ⯾⯾ÿẠ 垚  ÿÿ垚䈈்ร᨜⾠⯾  ᔙ  垚ჭ⡱ÿÿÿ⯾垚 ॆ㾰䈜塱 ๺ࡡ ⦅ 䞌 垚 ࡫ÿÿ䋼垚ÿ ÿৼ㾪  䏅㾰䋼䞆塱㐱䏅㾰๺⦅Ṟ࡮ ৼᜡདྷ⯾垚ࡡ  छ๺຦೼䋼࢜ぎ⯾ 垚ÿ䏋ÿ塱䈚 ࡡằ垚ॆৠ䏅㾰䋼࡯ ೼䋼ⱘ垚ⱘ塱

὾x垨ÿኚ჌Ṟॢࡻÿ䏅㾰᨜ ὾x Ṿ⯾ぎ⧗ 塰࡮ÿ䋼䞆ॆ⧗⫚ÿÿẠ ຦䡯䋼ॗ䈜㭷 ᒴ塱 垚࡮ÿ᩹ẁछ๺ჭई໚㹤㹇䈈⼁ࢎÿ䡯䋼ॗৼᜡདྷ 䈜㭷ᒴ塱 ÿ⯾ࡡࢋṗኚ⯾  ৼᜡདྷ垚ई໚  㲄䯛౛ÿ  ई໚⯾ÿ塱ᒼᨺÿᒴ ⯾ৼ㾪དྷ垚 ÿ㲄ÿÿ㾪⯾ÿ塱 塰࡯ÿ ÿÿ࡮ ॆৼ㾪དྷ塱 ჭ 㭷ࡻࢎ垚࡮⯾ÿᓍ ৠ⫑⯾ÿẠ ຦䡯䋼ॗ ᶭⱘ⯾垚ÿ 垚ࡡৼᜡདྷᛑᵾᶭ ᓍ⫞ẋ ÿ⯾ৼᜡདྷ塱ÿ 垚㲄ჭ㭷ࡻࢎᛑ ॆࣧ㳕຦ ⱘ⯾ৼᜡདྷ⯾㭷࢛垚⦅ჭ ⯾ᵋ垚 ⱘÿẠ ຦䡯䋼ॗ⯾ࡡৼᜡདྷ垚䚲༽ÿÿ⯾

὾x垨ÿኚ჌Ṟॢࡻÿ䏅㾰᨜ ὾x Ṿ⯾ぎ⧗ যÿ䚲༽Ṿÿ⯾垚ÿ㾪垚ÿ࡮ ࡯ÿჭÿ ⫌ࡻ೼ ằ塱Ṳÿ䞆 ࡡ ࢜㲄ÿẠ ຦䡯䋼 ॗ⯾ৼᜡདྷ ⱺᒇÿ຦ÿ㭷䈚ࡡ塱 塰࡯ࡡ ኚ㐱䏋㲄⯾ৼᜡདྷ᝹⾠ 塱 ÿࢎৠ⫑⯾ ჭ჌ Ṿ࡫ằ㗂∳塰ÿ塰 垚㐱䈚 ৼ㾪དྷ⯾ई໚ჭ ࡫䚲ÿ 垚 ৼ࡮ᜡ⋱塱 ÿ䈚ࡡ 垚ÿ䋼ఔᒴ垚⫞ẋÿÿ 㿇䏏塰 䌎࡮ÿ䈚 ৼᜡདྷ⯾㾪塱ÿÿ垚∳塰ÿ塰 ᜃằ䌎ჭ࡫ ኚ⯾ᚍ⼁ÿÿ垚ჭ䈚 ÿÿࢎ垚⫞ ẋ㹤ኃᶭ ࡮ᔛ⯾塱 ÿ⊆ ჭ䈚 ÿÿÿࢎ䌎ॆ ṗ  垚ÿ ჭÿÿÿ㭷 ࢎ垚䌎ÿ 

὾x垨ÿኚ჌Ṟॢࡻÿ䏅㾰᨜ ὾x Ṿ⯾ぎ⧗ 垚 ᵾ 㾪垚㐱 ჭ㹤ኃ⯾ ÿ㹻຦ॆ⯾ ༽೼ࢎ ࢜ഃ塱 塰ÿÿ ⯾ࡡ 䡯䋼ॗ垚㲄ᒴৼᜡདྷ塱

὾x垨ㄻÿ⫌ईᵋÿৼᜡདྷ ὾x ࡯᨜Ṿ⯾  0 ÿ⿪ࡡ ⯾ÿ ÿ⯾⫌ई塰塰ई໚᝾䈜㭷 垚䉓䈈ⱘ෵ 垚 ᨜ ÿÿ 0ჭ䞌 ࡫垚ÿ ÿÿ ᚍ⯾䡯䋼ॗ 垚ᢓ ÿ࡮ 䈜ÿ 0ÿࡡ䡯䋼ॗÿ࡮㹤 ࢋÿ ÿ䈜㭷⫌ई垚ÿⱘ  ⯾䡯䋼ॗ㹤ኑࢋÿ䈜㭷ÿ 0䉓䈈 ॻ垖 ᒇॻ垗 䈜㭷ÿÿ ÿ⯾ぎ⧗垚෵  ॻ⯾ÿ ÿᒴṲ ⏓ഃ垚᭽ᜎÿ᨜塰ÿ 塰ÿ᩹ẁ塰ÿᚍ 垚  垚ࡡई໚⏙  0 ÿ䋼䏅㾰ಏ䋼⫌ई௉䈈⼁⯾௉䣎ぎ⧗

὾x垨ৼᜡ䚰ぎ⧗ᵋ ÿÿ ὾x ÿÿ4 4 4དྷࡻ䡯༽ࡻࢎ⋱࡯ৼᜡ⯾ÿ ÿ

塰ÿ⯾ई⫌ 0ÿ垨ࡷ ᜃॄÿṲ垚䈜ฐඤ㏀჌ 㭷ࡻᢓ䚲༽⯾垚࡮࡫ÿ 0㏀჌ࡻ⯾ÿ垨 ⫑჌㾪࢛ÿ垩 䡯༽ÿ்รÿPRQ ᮣ䯛ÿ ⯾ÿ垚 ÿ㌌㹠垨ࡻৼᜡ䚰ᢓÿÿ࡮䯛塱 塰ÿ⯾ 垨ჭৼᜡ䚰ࢎ垚࢛ࣧᒸ⦅⯾ÿ 垚䡯༽དྷ຦དྷ᝹⾠ ௔垚 ⫑ 〄 ᩹ẁ垚䈜㭷䚲༽ᵾ⯾ ॆ

὾x垨ৼᜡ䚰ぎ⧗ᵋ ÿÿ ὾x 㾪ÿ〄 ⯾ 塱⫑ኑ䧐ᔙÿÿ ᵋ䈟ÿÿདྷ໚垚ॆᒸ⦅㍢ⴱ 㾪 Ṳ垚ÿ ᔛ垚ᮣ䯛ᒼᨺ೼ÿÿ຦ॢࡻÿ ⯾ৼᜡ 䚰ぎ⧗ᵋ 塱 㲄⋱垨 ॄÿ ÿ垨ᮣ䯛ÿᒼ೼ÿÿ垩䟤যৼᜡ䚰⯾ᢓ ᨜Ṿ຦ᢓ

὾x垨ৼᜡ䚰ぎ⧗ᵋ ÿÿ ὾x 塰ÿ⯾ 垖垗ÿÿདྷ垨ÿ ⯾ÿᒼ೼垩䟤য⏙䉓⫑垩 䟤যぎ⧗⫑垩ÿ ⯾⫌ई㹇౲ 垖垗ÿ䡯༽དྷ垨 0ᮣ䯛ࣧ䚲༽ 44ÿÿ 㾪 垚ჭⱺ∰䟤যᵾ 㾪垩 44䟤য㾪 Ṳ 44ᒸÿ㗂ഃÿ㾪

὾x垨ৼᜡ䚰ぎ⧗ᵋ ÿÿ ὾x 0ÿᔛ ÿ垖㏀჌௉㭷ࡻÿÿᔛࣧठ㏀ த垗 垩 0䟤য䏅㾰᨜Ṿ垩 0䟤য⏙䉓⫑垩 0  垖㏀჌௉㭷ࡻ᨜Ṿ䟤যठ ㏀த垗 垩 0䟤যぎ⧗᨜Ṿ 塰ÿ᨜ÿ⯾ॗ 垖垗 ⯾ᵋ垚 ᥉ 0  㗂⯾ ᮣ䯛ÿ⯾᥉

὾x垨ৼᜡ䚰ぎ⧗ᵋ ÿÿ ὾x 0䡯༽དྷჭÿࢎ ࢜⫑ 0䉓䈈ÿÿ〄ÿ ⯾்᝾ॻᮣ䯛ࢋॢࡻ⯾ÿ  垖垗᝾຦ᜡ⫑⦅ॄ ኀ⧗᩹ẁ垨 ᩹ ẁ塰ÿÿÿ ᩹ẁ垚ÿ垚垚⫞ᑴ  垚 垚ÿ 垖垗 ࡯ৼᜡ䚰ᵋ᝹⾠垖 垗௔ 垖垗 ⯾ÿॢࡻདྷࡻ ⯾઻ 垖垗ৼᜡᵋ ㍢ⴱ⫌ई Ṳ຦དྷ໚

὾x垨ৼᜡ䚰ぎ⧗ᵋ ÿÿ ὾x 塰垖Ṟÿ⯾⫑ᨺᜡ垗⯾ई⫌ 0ࡷ ᜃॄᵯẓÿ㾪㭷ࡻ⯾ÿ䜯垩 0ÿདྷ຦䡯༽དྷ䞒⯾ 垩 0ÿÿ௔⯾ई⫌垩 0᨜Ṿÿ垩 ㏀჌ ໚ 䚲 ॻ ᓍॢࡻ࡯ÿ்ร ÿ ໚⯾ৼᜡ䚰䈜㭷ÿÿ垚ÿࢎᮣ౛ࣧ⯾ ₗÿ຦ÿ塱 ằ垚ÿ 塰ÿ 塰 塰#$⯾ 垨ÿ࡮⯾்ร ÿ ÿ塰ÿ䈁ಏ⫑ᨺ⯾㲄⋱塱

὾x垨ৼᜡ䚰ぎ⧗ᵋ ÿÿ ὾x 塰ÿÿ⯾⊋ 垖垗 垨 ÿ⯾࢜㲄ᒸÿÿ垨 䉓དྷ໚垖 ໚ÿኑ塰ई ໚⫌ÿ Ṳⴱ塰 塰  ኚ塰 䯛垗垩 ⯾࢜㲄ᒸÿÿ垨㾪 ໚ ÿ⯾䏋垨ÿ㾪຦㾪⯾垩 ⯾䏋垨ÿ຦᨜Ṿ塱 垖垗ᢂ垨⯾ 垩⯾

὾x垨ৼᜡ䚰ぎ⧗ᵋ ÿÿ ὾x 塰ÿÿ⯾ᒸÿ䏋 垖垗ৼ䣎44⡤⏙ÿ䚲ᵋ⯾ 䈜 垨㗂ഃÿ㾪ÿ塰⡤⏙塰ৼᜡདྷぎ⧗   垖垗⋱䣎44໚ ぎ⧗ ໚ ぎ⧗ॆདྷ໚ ಋ࢛ぎ⧗ ÿ垚 ⋱ࢋདྷ໚

ಋ௉ÿÿÿṗኚÿ塱 ॢࡻÿ⯾ Ṟདྷ໚

ಋ䈜㭷 垚ᒴ ÿ⊆ࡡࢋ ಋདྷ໚⯾ ÿÿ塰⫑塰ÿÿᢂ塰᨜䜯ᢂ〄垚ჭ 

὾x垨ৼᜡ䚰ぎ⧗ᵋ ÿÿ ὾x ࡫垚ᒴདྷ໚໚ÿ㹇౲垚ÿࢋདྷ໚ ಋ䈜㭷ぎ ⧗垚ॆ ჭᮣ䯛 ೼ÿÿ⯾ᵾÿॢࡻ ⯾䚲༽ ຦ÿÿÿÿ 垖垗ᚍÿ䣎44᩹ẁ 垨ÿÿ垩 垩垩垩དྷ໚ ಋ࡯ÿ   0 ຦ÿÿằ⯾ÿÿ垨 44 ÿ⯾  44䟤য 䚲དྷ໚⯾ÿ⫑

὾x垨ৼᜡ䚰ぎ⧗ᵋ ÿÿ ὾x 44䟤যÿࢎᠲ⯾ÿ⫑ 44䉓䈈ÿÿ⯾ᒴÿᔛ ÿ 44ᮣ䯛ÿ⯾ᚍÿ 0ằ⯾ÿÿ垨 44䡯༽དྷ຦དྷ䉓䈈垚ॆৠ䡯༽དྷᔙ ÿ䧐ÿÿ㾪垚ᵾኚኚÿÿᔛÿÿᚍ ຦ 塱 44 䈚ÿ᩹ẁ⊆ᜃ࢛㏀჌௉㭷ࡻ㙇㋟ठ㏀ த垚ÿṲ 㿇ᶭठ㏀த塱

὾x垨ৼᜡ䚰ぎ⧗ᵋ ÿÿ ὾x 44 㙇㋟᨜Ṿ⯾ÿÿᶭ ÿᔛࣧॆÿ垨  ኀ⧗ᵾ䞒垩 ÿ๺ᚍ຦ᚍ垩 ÿ  xÿࡻ೼ኀ⧗

὾x垨ৼᜡ䚰ぎ⧗ᵋ ÿÿ ὾x 塰ৼᜡ䚰⯾⋱࡯ৼᜡ⯾ÿÿ ᴱಊሇҖਁ᭔

ÿਁሇҖਁ ᭔

 ᪞

ÿ᪞ ँᅶÿД‫ڳ‬

ÿ᪞

 ᪞ նÿÿД‫ڳ‬

὾x垨ৼᜡ䚰ぎ⧗ᵋ ÿÿ ὾x 塰䯛ÿৼᜡ䚰⯾xᑴ垨ÿ்ร࡯䡯༽དྷ 垚ჭ ᜃᒴࣧ埱㗂ഃÿ㾪埲㹇౲垚䡯༽ དྷ⊆ኛÿདྷ໚䚲༽塰ÿÿ்ร垚 ÿ்ร઻౛ÿ垚ఔᒴÿÿÿ㾪⡤垚 ⿪ ኛÿ㾪塱䉓䈈䈚ࡡ㹇౲垚䡯༽དྷ⯾ ᵾ䞒⫚ 䟤ಏ 垚 ⯾㿇䏏ÿᔛࣧ 垚᨜Ṿ䟤ࣧ垚⫚䡯༽དྷ ࢛垚  ࡫ÿࣧ塱

὾x垨ৼᜡ䚰ぎ⧗ᵋ ÿÿ ὾x 塰  ᜡৼᜡ䚰⯾xᑴ垨ᵯṾ⯾    ்รჭᜃॄÿಏࣧኚ 垚⫚ ഃ ᨜Ṿ䯛垚㐱ÿಏࣧ჌ÿई໚⯾ 垚ÿᢓ ÿÿჭÿ࡫垚ÿ ᝾ࣧࡡÿ埱௉䣎 ઻埲ÿ垚 ்ร⯾ᓍ䡯༽དྷኀ  䉓䈈ÿ塰䧛 〄⯾  ÿ㗂㭷垚  ಏ ᜃ ்ร ඤṞ ࡫ÿಏ  垚ৼ㾪Ṳ࢛ 塱

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