Org. Behaviour

Introduction to organizational behavior Presented by: Rahul sagar Shekhar ghagas Rohit khedkar Suresh gupta Ranjan jha

What are Organizations? Groups of people who work interdependently toward some purpose 1. 2. 3.

Structured patterns of interaction Coordinated tasks Work toward some purpose

An organization is a collection of people who work together to achieve individual and organizational goals  

Individual goals Organizational goals

What is Organizational Behavior? 

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Organizational behavior (OB): the study of factors that have an impact on how people and groups act, think, feel, and respond to work and organizations, and how organizations respond to their environments OB Involves the study of process-how people in social systems function with each other to get work done. OT deals more with the structural elements of organizations. 

How to put the pieces together to facilitate the process

What is Organizational Behavior?

Insert Figure 1.1 here

Levels of Analysis Organizational Level Group Level Individual Level

Components of Organizational Behavior Understanding organizational behavior requires studying Part One Individuals in Organizations Part Two Group and Team Processes Part Three Organizational Processes

Individual behavior in organization

After incongruity of expectations

A Short History of Organizational Behavior F.W. Taylor and Scientific Management  Mary Parker Follett  Hawthorne Studies  Theory X and Y 

F.W. Taylor and Scientific Management Scientific management: the systematic study of relationships between people and tasks for the purpose of redesigning the work process to increase efficiency  The amount of and effort each employee expends to produce a unit of output can be reduced by increasing specialization and the division of labor 

Four Principles of Scientific Management 1. Study the way employees perform their tasks, gather informal job knowledge that employees possess, and experiment with ways of improving the way tasks are performed  2. Codify the new methods of performing tasks into written rules and standard operating procedures 

Four Principles of Scientific Management_2 3. Carefully select employees so that they possess skills and abilities that match the needs of the task, and train them to perform the task according to the established rules and procedures  4. Establish an acceptable level of performance for a task, and then develop a pay system that provides a reward for performance above the acceptable level 

The Hawthorne Studies Hawthorne Works of the Western Electric Company; 1924-1932  Initiated as an attempt to investigate how characteristics of the work setting affect employee fatigue and performance (i.e., lighting)  Found that productivity increased regardless of whether illumination was raised or lowered 

The Hawthorne Studies_2 

Factors influencing behavior:   

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Attention from researchers Manager’s leadership approach Work group norms

The “Hawthorne Effect”

Behavioral approach to management Theoretical framework  Cognitive framework cognition precedes behavior and constitute input in to the persons thinking ,perception, problem solving and information processing.

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Behaviorist framework Work of ivan pavlov Work of B.F.Skinner

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Social cognitive theoretical It represents the importance of behaviorisms contingent environmental consequences.

To gain multidisciplinary origin of OB Psychology

Sociology The Study of

Organizational Behavior

Social Psychology

Anthropology

Political Science

Psychology 

Psychology is the science that seeks to measure, explain, and sometimes change the behavior of humans and other animals. 

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Early industrial/organizational  fatigue, boredom, and other factors relevant to working conditions that could impede efficient work performance. More recently,  learning, perception, personality, emotions, training, leadership effectiveness, needs and motivational forces, job satisfaction, decisionmaking processes, performance appraisals, attitude measurement, employee selection techniques, work design, and job stress

Sociology 

Sociologists study the social system in which individuals fill their roles; that is, sociology studies people in relation to their fellow human beings. 

Their greatest contribution to OB is through their study of group behavior in organizations, particularly formal and complex organizations

Social Psychology 

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Social psychology blends the concepts of psychology and sociology. It focuses on the influence of people on one another. 

Major area—how to implement it and how to reduce barriers to its acceptance.

Anthropology 

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Anthropology is the study of societies to learn about human beings and their activities. Anthropologists work on cultures and environments; for instance, they have helped us understand differences in fundamental values, attitudes, and behavior among people in different countries and within different organizations.

Political Science  

Frequently overlooked Political science studies the behavior of individuals and groups within a political environment.

Why OB is important? Globalization a. working in foreign countries b. working in multicultural diversity Changing work force Emerging employment relationships Teams and more teams Business Ethics

Challenges and Opportunities for OB: A Managerial Perspective Improving quality and productivity  Improving people skills  Challenges of globalization  Retention of employees/talent. 

Challenges for Organizational Behavior    

Changing Social/ Cultural Environment Evolving Global Environment Advancing Information Technology Shifting Work/ Employment Relationships

Changing Social and Cultural Environment National culture  Organizational ethics and well-being  Diverse work force 

Diversity Challenges Fairness and Justice  Decision-Making and Performance  Flexibility 

Figure 1.6 Diversity

Evolving Global Environment 

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Understanding Global Differences Improve Organization’s Behaviors and Procedures in Response to Those Differences

Advancing Information Technology Information  Knowledge  Information Technology  Organizational Learning  Intranets  Creativity  Innovation 

Shifting Work/ Employment Relationships Downsizing  Empowerment and Self-Managed Teams  Contingent Workers  Outsourcing 

THANK YOU Any questions?