What Is Personality?

What is Personality?

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Personality Traits

Personality Determinants • Heredity • Environment • Situation

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Theories of Personality • Trait Theory • Type Theory • Psychoanalytic Theory • Behaviourist Theory • Cognitive Theory • Humanistic Theory • Biopsychological Theory

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The Myers-Briggs Type Indicator

Personality Types • Extroverted or Introverted (E or I) • Sensing or Intuitive (S or N) • Thinking or Feeling (T or F) • Perceiving or Judging (P or J)

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Sixteen Primary Traits

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The Big Five Model

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Major Personality Attributes Influencing OB      

Locus of control Machiavellianism Self-esteem Self-monitoring Propensity for risk taking Type A personality

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Locus of Control

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Machiavellianism

Conditions Favoring High Machs • Direct interaction • Minimal rules and regulations • Distracting emotions

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Self-Esteem and SelfMonitoring

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Risk-Taking 

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High Risk-taking Managers  Make quicker decisions.  Use less information to make decisions.  Operate in smaller and more entrepreneurial organizations. Low Risk-taking Managers  Are slower to make decisions.  Require more information before making decisions.  Exist in larger organizations with stable environments. Risk Propensity  Aligning managers’ risk-taking propensity to job requirements should be beneficial to organizations.

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Personality Types

Type B Personality Where as type B personality on other, tended to be relaxed, less competitive & lower in risk 12

Personality Types

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Felt versus Displayed Emotions

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Facial Expressions Convey Emotions Guess

which emotion I’m feeling now!

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OB Applications of Personality 

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Ability and Selection  Personality affect employee effectiveness. Decision Making  Personality are an important part of the decision-making process in organizations. Motivation  Personality commitment to work and high motivation are strongly linked. Leadership  Personality are important to acceptance of messages from organizational leaders. 16

OB Applications of Personality 

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Interpersonal Conflict  Conflict in the workplace and individual emotions are strongly intertwined. Deviant Workplace Behaviors  Negative emotions can lead to employee deviance in the form of actions that violate established norms and threaten the organization and its members.  Productivity failures  Property theft and destruction  Political actions  Personal aggression 17