News Letter Of Armarc

NEWS LETTER OF ARMARC MAY -2009 Editorial At the end of our imagination and arguments, the origin of Bhagwan (God) comes in existence. The religious text of Hindus but applicable to everyone of this universe, Srimad Bhagwadgeeta well mentions that everything is creation of that supernatural power. It gives clues to solve any mystery or power, but Karma (work) is essential. This earth is his pharmacy with number of medicines planted or distributed for the exploitation. God left us great clues as to what foods help what part of our body. Sometimes sects of old days comprehended well these indications while postulating the utilities of any natural medicine. They would have seen the a sliced root of Daucus carota var. sativa (carrot) making the appearance of human eye with its radiating lines and it is at momentary present scientifically proved that carrot greatly enhances blood flow to and function of eyes. Other indications to solve the problems would be attended as: •

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A tomato is red in colour and having four chambers resembling human heart. Lycopine present in tomato has found with purifying properties of blood. Similarly, cluster of grapes has the shape of heart and it is proved fact that grapes are heart and blood vitalizing food. Juglans regia (Walnut) looks like a brain with left and right hemisphere, upper cerebrums and lower cerebellums. The wrinkles or folds on the nut are just like the neo-cortex. It is well known now that walnuts help to develop more than three dozens of neurotransmitters for brain function. Pashanbheda (Bergenia ligulata) grows on stone (with biomass) and its roots go inside that, and same way it is seen helping in breaking the kidney calculi. Kidney beans actually heal and help maintain kidney function and they look exactly like the human kidneys. Rhubarb, Celery etc. leave the appearance of

Vol 1.83 of bones. They too have the percentage of sodium more or like similar to those present with human bone i.e., 23 percent. The hypanthodium of Ficus are full of seeds hanging in rows and in Ayurveda, it is mentioned to overcome the male sterility especially by increasing the number and motility of sperms. • The seeds and fruits of Diplocyclos palmatus are used in biliousness and the shape of seed resemble the gall bladder. Citrus fruits are like mammary glands in exposition and they do assist to maintain its health and the movement of lymphs around this. • The shape of leaf of Centella asiatica (Mandukparni) represents the brain while the habit of Convolvulus pleuricaulis (Shankhpushpi) comes in to sight with similarity of neurons. Both of these are well used as brain tonic in Ayurvedic medicines. Shape and visible aspects of number of other plants or their parts or minerals or drugs originated from animals resemble the similarities. We need to understand these clues of god for maximum utilization as well as addition of natural drugs to Ayurveda.

In This Issue 1) PHARMACEUTICO-ANALYTICAL

STUDY OF TRIVANGA BHASMA 2) CLINICAL MANAGEMENT OF

ESSENTIAL HYPERTENSION THROUGH TAKRA DHARA 3) PHYTOMEDICINES, A NEED OF

PRESENT ERA 4) Formulation Profile (Series-A/6)

KSHIRABALA TAIL 5) Herbal Drug Profile (Series-A/7) ATIVISA (ROOT)

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PHARMACEUTICO-ANALYTICAL STUDY OF TRIVANGA BHASMA Dr. H.ABDUL KAREEM Lecturer, Det of Bhaishajya kalpana ALN Rao Memorial Ayurvedic Medical College Koppa AIMS & OBJECTIVES:

Trivanga Bhasma is an Ayurvedic formulation of Naga, Vanga and Yashada. It is a classical ethical economical medicament, effective in endocrinal disorders onlt the pharmaceutical processing as per text with systematic observation and technological updating are needed. Naga, Vanga and Yashada can be independently used in clinical practice but as per metallic shift theory the judicious combination of these three are safer and scientifically more acceptable form with least side effects and enormous, neuroimmunoendocrinal therapeutic benefits. Hence the study preparation and physico- chemical analysis of Trivanga is undertaken. MATERIALS & METHODS:

1. Pharmaceutical study: Comprises: 1. Samanya Shodhana of Naga, Vanga and Yashada in Tila taila, Takra, Gomutra, Kulattha Qwatha and Kanji. 2. Vishesha shodhana of Naga, Vanga and Yashada in Choornodaka. 3. Trivanga jarana with Apamarga panchanga churana. 4. Preparation of Trivanga bhasma by subjecting to 10 Laghu putas. 2. Analytical study: Physical tests: Total Ash value, Acid insoluble ash, PH & Loss on drying of Trivanga bhasma. Chemical tests: Quantitative assay of Sn, Pb, Zn, S & Fe in Trivanga bhasma. Particle size: Jarita Trivanga & Trivanga Bhasma NPST: Trivanga bhasma. X-RD studies: Jarita Trivanga & Trivanga Bhasma. RESULTS: Pharmaceutical study: After Vishesha Name of the Net weight After Metal samanya shodhana shodhana NAGA 1000 gms 910 gms 880 gms VANGA 1000 gms 903 gms 888 gms YASHADA 1000 gms 900 gms 873 gms

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MAY -2009 JARITA Before Jarana TRIVANGA 750 gms No. Of Putas I PUTA III PUTA V PUTA VII PUTA IX PUTA X PUTA

After Jarana 725 gms

Before Puta After Puta Net Loss 675 gms 590 gms 510 gms 410 gms 361 gms 330 gms

640 gms 550 gms 480 gms 395 gms 340 gms 306 gms

35 gms 40 gms 30 gms 15 gms 21 gms 24 gms

Analytical study: 1. Physical tests: TESTS Total Ash, w/w Acid insoluble ash, w/w Loss on ignition, w/w pH

RESULTS 99.25% 38.72% 0.75% 10.10

2.Chemical tests: Trivanga bhasmaStannous Oxide 28.4% Lead 17.72% Zinc 29.23%, Total sulphur 10.43%, Iron 0.37% 3.Particle size: SL.NoSample reference Results of particle size 01. Jarita Trivanga 5-6 microns 02. Trivanga Bhasma 4-5 microns 4.NPST: Trivanga bhasma First phase: Dark brown centered spot changes to orange surrounded with glittering golden yellow periphery spreading outwards. Second phase: The pattern and colour of the spot continues. Third phase: The colour changes to a deep orange center with yellow circle, white margin with completely faded brown.

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MAY -2009

5.X-ray Diffraction:

• The XRD report of Trivanga Bhasma revels that it is

Jarita Trivanga Name, Composition, Crystal structure

complex of three compounds Viz. SnO2, PbO, ZnO. • Trivanga Bhasma is a Novel poly-crystalline complex molecule but not a mere combination of Naga Bhasma, Vanga Bhasma and Yashada Bhasma. SCOPE FOR FURTHER STUDY: • Validation and comparison of different methods of preparation of Trivanga Bhasma explained in classics can be studied. • Comparative clinical trial of Trivanga Bhasma prepared by different pharmaceutical procedures. • Acute and Sub acute Toxicity Studies of Trivanga Bhasma. • Further chemical analysis can be studied to find out chemical configuration by using EPMA, NMR etc. Use of Modern techniques to know what is the actual chemical reaction taking place with in the Sharava samputa and temperature reading with optical Pyrometer during the process can be studied. • Trivanga Bhasma prepared with Vanga, Naga and Rajata (Rajata in the place of Yashada) can also be prepared and comparative study can be taken up. ***********

TIN LEAD ZINC

Tin, Sn Tetragonal Lead, Pb Cubic Zinc oxide, ZnOHexagonal

Trivanga bhasma Stannous oxide, SnO2 Tetragonal TIN LEAD Lead oxide, PbO Tetragonal ZINC Zinc oxide, ZnO Hexagonal CONCLUSION: • Rasa Chandamshu is the first text to mention the method of preparation of Trivanga Bhasma. All the three metals produce putrid smell on heating hence are categorized as Puti lohas. • To obtain good quality Trivanga Bhasma 10 Laghu Putas with an average temperature of 4750 C – 5750 C is required. By the end of 10th Puta all Bhasma Pareekshas were found positive in Trivanga Bhasma. • Quantitative analysis of Trivanga Bhasma contains Tin - 28.4%, Lead – 17.72%, and Zinc – 29.23%. (Continued from April edition.....)

CLINICAL MANAGEMENT OF ESSENTIAL HYPERTENSION THROUGH TAKRA DHARA Dr.Ravindra Kumar Arahunasi M.D(Ayu) Lecturer Dept of Kayachikitsa B.M.J.Ayurvedic Medical College, Gajendragad, Gadag (Dist) Effect on therapy on Cardinal signs: B.P. S.B.P. D.B.P.

Mean BT 165.11 98.22

AT 138.22 87.11

X 26.89 11.11

% Relief SD± 16.29 11.31

9.49 3.76

S.E.± 3.16 1.25

T

P

8.50 <0.001 8.87 <0.001

The initial mean SBP value of the 15 patients before treatment was 165.11 declined to 138.22 after treatment. By giving 16.29% relief with value of P<0.001 the statistical analysis shows highly significant. Diastolic blood pressure value of 15 patients before treatment was 98.22% declined to 87.11 after treatment. By giving 11.31% relief with value of P<0.001 the statistical analysis shows highly significant. Effect on Headache: Headache

Mean X % Relief SD± S.E.± T P BT AT 2.00 0.73 1.27 63.5 0.78 0.24 5.29 <0.001 The initial mean headache value of 15 patients before treatment was 2 declined to 0.73 after treatment. By giving 63.5% relief with value of P<0.001 the statistical analysis shows highly significant.

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MAY -2009

Effect on Giddiness: Giddiness Mean X % Relief SD± S.E.± T P BT AT 2.00 0.7 1.3 65.00 0.8 0.25 5.2 <0.001 The initial mean Giddiness value of the 15 patients before treatment was 2 declined to 0.7 after treatment. By giving 65% relief with value of P<0.001 the statistical analysis shows highly significant. Effect on Dyspnoea: Dyspnoea Mean X % Relief SD± S.E.± T P BT AT 2.00 0.89 1.11 55.5 1.05 0.35 3.17 <0.02 The initial mean Dyspnoea value of the 15 patients before treatment was 2 declined to 0.89 after treatment. By giving 55.5% relief with value of P<0.02 the statistical analysis shows improvement. Effect on Chest pain: Chest pain Mean X % Relief SD± S.E.± T P BT AT 2.00 0.4 1.25 62.5 1.03 0.37 3.38 <0.01 The initial mean Chest pain value of the 15 patients before treatment was 2 declined to 0.4 after treatment. By giving 62.5% relief with value of P<0.01 the statistical analysis shows significant. Effect on Palpitation: Palpitation Mean X % Relief SD± S.E.± T P BT AT 2.00 0.36 1.64 82 0.67 0.2 8.2 <0.001 The initial mean Palpitation value of the 15 patients before treatment was 2 declined to 0.36 after treatment. By giving 82% relief with value of P<0.001 the statistical analysis shows highly significant. Effect on Fatigue: Fatigue Mean X % Relief SD± S.E.± T P BT AT 2.00 0.83 1.17 58.5 0.98 0.4 2.93 <0.02 The initial mean Fatigue value of the 15 patients before treatment was 2 declined to 0.83 after treatment. By giving 58.5% relief with value of P<0.02 the statistical analysis shows improvement. Effect on Tinnitus: Tinnitus Mean X % Relief SD± S.E.± T P BT AT 2.00 0.43 1.57 78.5 0.22 0.08 19.63 <0.001 The initial mean Tinnitus value of the 15 patients before treatment was 2 declined to 0.43 after treatment. By giving 78.5% relief with value of P<0.001 the statistical analysis shows highly significant. Effect on Vision disturbance: Vision Mean X% Relief SD± S.E.± T P disturbance BT AT 2 0.5 1.5 75 0.7 0.7 0 >0.05 The initial mean Tinnitus value of the 15 patients before treatment was 2 declined to 0.5 after treatment. By giving 75% relief with value of P>0.05 the statistical analysis shows not significant. Effect on Epistaxis: Epistaxis Mean X % Relief SD± S.E.± T P BT AT 2 0 2 100 1.15 0.82 2.44 >0.05

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MAY -2009

The initial mean Tinnitus value of the 15 patients before treatment was 2 declined to 0 after treatment. By giving 100% relief with value of P>0.05 the statistical analysis shows not significant. Effect on Haemaptysis: Haemaptysis Mean X % Relief SD± S.E.± T P BT AT 2 0 2 100 0 0 1 >0.05 The initial mean Tinnitus value of the 15 patients before treatment was 2 declined to 0 after treatment. By giving 100% relief with value of P>0.05 the statistical analysis shows not significant. ASSESSMENT

No. of pts. Excellent response(> 75%) 6 Good response(50 – 75%) 4 Marked response(25 – 50%) 3 Mild response(< 25%) 2 Shirodhara Karmukata:

% 40 26.67 20 13.33

By the help of neuropsychological evidence of ANS and CNS, it can be very well inferred that Takra Dhara is not merely a local pouring of medicated Takra but it has got wonderful effect on Essential hypertension through normalizing the metabolism of neurotransmitters and increasing the intensity of alpha brain waves. Main anatomical structures involved in the Takra Dhara are supra orbital, internal and external carotids. Middle meningeal arteries, angular facial veins and cavernous sinus, superior sagittal sinus many peripheral nerve endings of facial, Trigeminal, cranial and spinal nerves are also involved. This process is having direct links with brain through neural pathways connecting the hypothalamus which is responsible for the regulation of mood sleep, rhythm, behavioral pattern, blood pressure and autonomic balance by stimulating them and producing the desired results. Stimulation of shirogata marmas, meditation and awakening of chakras, pressure effect of Dhara stream and its consequent effect of above said factors evidently proved that the claim of Ayurvedic texts as “Siras talvantara gatam sarvendriya param Manaha” (Bhela Samhita). It can be concluded here that Takra Dhara has got wonderful effect in the management of Essential hypertension and prevention of complications. CONCLUSION: From this clinical study, the final conclusion can be drawn from the deductive reasoning of the relevant information and non-deceiving data comprehended in the present study. Regarding the Nidana factors mainly genetic, dietary, psychological and environmental factors were observed practically, it might be asserted that none of these factors influence the expression of the disease in segregation. They interact amongst each other in a variety of permutations to compliment and compound the resultant effect on this pathological phenomenon. Hence, it is known as multi factorial disease. Takra Dhara offered better results in pacifying the entire range of symptomatology and mainly the cardinal signs. As the study was concluded over a small sample, a similar study performed over a large sample for a longer period would have procured much sharper and more accurate results.

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Phytomedicines, A Need of Present Era Bhavya D.C

Dr. Prashant Kr. Jha

Quality Control Laboratories, A.L.N.Rao Memorial Ayurvedic Medical College, Koppa

It is true as per the Hindu mythology that the supernatural power puts the things as solution first then the problems. It is our understanding of the materials to make a productive insight in these regards. Apparently we find the medicinal preparations derived from natural sources, especially from plants, being used since time immemorial for various alterations coming to our knowledge time to time. India and China are most probably ahead of any country and civilization in long fixed look of use of plant-based medications. Still these are main source of medicines for a bigger mass in these countries. Advent of new and synthetic medicines have tried to invade with fast relieving promising but yet miles have to go as phytomedicines as a whole are not only better suited by means of easy availability (except those from rare/vulnerable) plants but also having less sideeffects. Awaited arrival of pharmaceutical chemistry during the early twentieth century have brought the ability of plants to synthesize an enormous variety of medicinal drug molecules before us and allowed the treatment of previously incurable and/or life-threatening diseases, but with proper alignments of side effects more than drug as a whole. Not surprising if it is getting popularity due to easy handling and better potency. In addition, the search for new drugs against a variety of illnesses through chemical synthesis and other modern approaches has not been encouraging. The emergence of new infectious diseases, the proliferation of disorders such as cancer, and growing multidrug resistance in pathogenic microorganisms, have prompted renewed interest in the discovery of potential drug molecules from medicinal plants. World Health Organization (WHO) is advocating these medicines and, so is globally accepted as a valid alternative system of therapy in the form of pharmaceuticals, functional foods, etc. Various studies around the world, especially in Germany have been initiated to develop scientific evidence-based rational herbal therapies. They have started documentation and characterization of these medicines from a large number of medicinal plants what they are getting either in ancient texts or receiving as from ethnic people who have received these through generation to geneartion. New plant sources of medicine generally known today as bioactive

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MAY -2009 phytocompounds are also being discovered. These are done in the light of questions concerning the safety, cytotoxicity, and side-effects of synthetic compounds, and the need to find new medicines, including new antibiotics to manage infectious diseases caused by multiresistant pathogens and substances to treat chronic diseases. Phytosciences comprise the use of medicinal plants and their bioactive phytocompounds with scientific knowledge about them. This is an integrated science outcome of combination of a range of disciplines that have never been linked before, combining several different areas of economic, social, and political fields, chemistry, biochemistry, physiology, microbiology, medicine, and agriculture. In this, researchers determine the authorities of claims in traditional medicines with scientific data. They also investigate the benefits of these drugs for the health other than their mechanism of action. Within the range of Phytosciences researchers are working on elucidation of side-effects in addition. Recent works have proved the general beliefs wrong that bioactive phytocompounds are safe, they don’t have inherent risks just like all active chemical compounds. They calculate appropriate dosages, identify the bioactive components, and define the best methods of extraction and conservation. Different countries with varying rules and regulations regarding the prescription and sale of these drugs are the biggest matter of debate on world stage to make the things similar throughout the globe. The varying regulations in different jurisdictions allowing the prescription and sale of these products add confusion to the formal use of bioactive phytocompounds. There is unlimited scope of this science, hence it needs a team work to make any decision with conclusion. It is impractical to discuss all the aspects of this emerging science in one way. Therefore, the antimicrobial activity of bio-active phytocompounds, particularly their use against multidrug-resistant bacteria and fungi, their mechanisms of action, and their interactions with macromolecules and potential toxicity for mammalian cells etc. are needed. The technical aspects regarding the development of fast and reliable methods of extraction, high-output screening systems and observations on essential oils and crude extracts and fractions are also significant. Problems related to the efficacy, stability, drug delivery systems and quality control come to essentiality before full fledge use of these medicines for humanity.

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Formulation Profile (Series-A/6) Kshirabala Tail Prof. D.K.Mishra M.D (Ay)

Dr. Mahesh.M.M

Bhavya D.C Ingredients: Bala mula - 1 Phala Tail - 1 Prasta Kshira - 4 Phala (Ref;Sahasra yoga) General method of senha paka: Medicated sneha is prepared by mixing one part of kalka, four part of sneha and sxiteen part of any dravadravy like jala,kwatha, swarasa,dugda etc. If sneha to be prepared with ksira, dadhi, swarasa or takra, then the quantity of kalka should be added in 1/8th of the liquids. The duration of paka period depends on the nature of the drava dravya added to sneha as mentioned. Ksira - 2 days. Swarasa - 3 days Takra, aranala etc - 5 days Kwaha - 12 days Here depending upon the nature of drava dravya, the time duration of the sneha paka is specifically mentioned becouse each drava dravya will have its own concetration and also releasing capacity of active ingredients into the sneha. Uses: It is used internal & external, all type of vata vyadhi. Analytical study: Loss on drying: 1.2 % Refractive index: 1.4659 Acid value: 5.8 Saponification value: 190.74 Iodine value: 97

MAY -2009

Herbal Drug Profile (Series-A/7) Ativisha (Root) 1. Prof. M. Vidyasagar 2. Prof. K.S.Sanjay 3. Dr. Hari Venkatesh 4. Dr. Prashant Kumar Jha Biological Source- It consists of dried, tuberous roots of Aconitum heterophyllum Wall. ex. Royle (Fam, Ranunculaceae). Habitat- It is found in Garhwal, Kumaon and Kashmir at altitude between 2,500-4,000 m. Habit- Glabrous or upper part downy, stems 1-3 ft, leafy, rarely branched; lower leaves stalked, orbicular or broadly ovate, cordate, more or less 5-lobed, teeth obtuse or acute; upper leaves stem-clasping, lanceolate, not lobed, sharply toothed; flow -ers in 1 inch long, dull green -blue with purple-veins; hel -met pointed in front, top ro -unded; lateral sepals as long as the helmet. Macroscopic- Roots are ovoid-conical in with gradual decreasing thickness to tapering end; 1.5-7.2 cm long, 0.3-1.7 cm in size; with light ash-grey to grey-brown outer skin and starchy white inner surface in colour; having wrinkles with rootlets scars on outer surface; fracture short, starchy exhibiting uniform white surface with 4-7 concentric yellowish-brown dots; taste bitter. Microscopic- The outline of the transverse section root is almost circular with wavy margin. It shows single layers of epiblema followed by ruptured 5-8 layered cork cells in matured root. Below the cork cells a wide zone of cortex consisting of parenchyma cells and filled with starch grains are found. This is followed by barrelshaped endodermis, below which ring of vascular bundle with interfascicular cambium is found. In the centre, parenchymatous cells similar to those of cortex and filled with starch grains are found. Powder- It is ash to light-brown in colour exhibiting the abundant of starch grains, parenchymatous cells, vessels and fibres. Chemical Constituents- The roots yield 0.79% of total alkaloids, of which atisin is 0.4%. Atisine is much

MAY -2009

Action- It is often regarded as nonpoisosnous, antiperiodic, antiinflammatory, astringent (used in cough, diarrhoea, dyspepsia), tonic (used after fevers), febrifuge, antispasmodic (used in irritability of stomach and abdominal pains) and is used as potent immunostimulant properties. It is very good used in emesis and helminthiasis. Important Formulations – Visagarbha taila, sudarshana churna, balchadurbhadra churna etc. Dose - 0.6-2.0 g of the drug in powder form

New Reseacrhes In Medical Science * Dendritic cells, which present antigens to immature T cells to prime them for action against pathogens, seem to contribute to autoimmune disease. But recent findings suggest they can prevent autoimmunity as well. * A Miami-based biotechnology start-up company called Beeologics is developing an antiviral drug that exploits an ancient immune mechanism called RNA interference. Cells in most animals and plants use shortinterfering RNA (siRNA) segments to inhibit the formation of viral proteins * The first diagnostic criterion for post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is having experienced trauma. For All Pharmacopoeial Analysis, Standardization of Single as well as Compound Drugs, with Spectrophotometer, Flame Photomeneter, Photomicrograph etc. at nominal charges Contact: Dr. Prashant Kumar Jha CIPR, DIM, PGDEE, M.Sc., Ph.D. Quality Control Laboratories, ALN Rao Memorial Medical College, Koppa Your Suggestions and Queries are invited.

RNI Regd No. KARENG/2002/7924

less toxic than aconitine and pseudoaconitine (The inert character of the plant is well known to the hill people, who often use it as a vegetable). It also contains other alkaloids like dihydroatisine, heteroatisine, hetisine etc.

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Membership fees, which includes an annual subscription to the newsletter, may be sent by MO, DD or Crossed Cheque addressed to Principal, ALN Rao Memorial Ayurvedic Medical College, Koppa, Chikmagalur Dt. Karnataka - 577 126. On receipt of the fees, each member will be issued a receipt and a membership card, both of which should be preserved carefully. The receipt number and the membership number should be referred to in all transactions. The membership is to be renewed each year and the new receipt number noted on the membership card by each member. On producing the card, special discount can be availed on ARMARC publications. Note: All the original scientific papers are invited from the works of scientific field. Mail (Post/Email) us. Aroor Ravi Memorial Ayurvedic Research Centre

Patron Honourable A. Ramesh Rao

Editor: Prof (Dr.) M.Vidyasagar & Co-Editor: Dr.Prashant kumar Jha Research Co-ordinator Dr. Mahesh.M.Madalageri Printed and Published by ARMARC on behalf of Honourable A. Ramesh Rao, Koppa, Chikmagalur Dt., Karnataka - 577126, India

(No. KARENG/2002/7924, RNI, New Delhi) email: [email protected], [email protected]

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