Myanmar Student Movement 2b

jrefrmEdkifiHausmif;om;vIyf&Sm;rIordkif; - atmifxGef;

tcef; (16) Nird ;f csr;f a&; 'Dru kd a&pDa&;BuKd ;yrf;rI 'Dru kd a&pDa&; ausmif;om;xknDñGwfa&;ESifY trsK;d om;a&;toGif ausmif;om;vIy&f mS ;rIordik ;f (1954 rS 1955)

(u) Auorsm;tzGUJ csKyf nDvmcH atmufwdkbmta&;awmfyHk ausmif;ydwfxm;aom&ufrsm;ü Auorsm;tzGJUcsKyf nDvmcHusif;y&ef pDpOfcJhMu onf/ wuotaqmuftODwGif usif;y&ef toifhawmfqHk;jzpfaomfvnf; xdktaqmuftODudk AdkvfrSL;xGef;wif\ ppf&Jwyf&if; (22) rS &Jabmfrsm;ESifh 'DtufpftdkwdkYrS tydkifpD;xm;onf/ udkpdk;odrf;ESifh udktkef;armiftkyfpkrsm;onf nDvmcH txajrmufa&;twGuf tjcm;tkyfpkrsm;ESifh vufwGJBudK;yrf;cJhMuonf/ nDvmcHudk yxr Munfhjrifwdkif om"kausmif; wdkufwGif usif;y&ef pDpOfcJhMuonf/ odkYaomf tqdkygausmif;rSm wuúodkvfESifh tenf;i,f tvSrf;a0;aeaomaMumifh 4if;ausmif;wdkufwGif usif;y&ef tpDtpOfudk ajymif;vdkuf&onf/ qufvufae&m½SmazG&m wuúodkvf &dyfomvrf; tif;vsm;uefapmif;½Sd a0VK0efausmif;wdkufwGif usif;ycGifh&onf/ ausmif;0if;½Sd Z&yfrsm;? wefaqmif;rsm; wGif e,fudk,fpm;vS,frsm;udk ae&mcsxm;onf/ nDvmcHcef;rtwGuf ausmif;0if;twGif;ü ta&;ay:,m,Dr@yf xdk;&onf/ e,fudk,fpm;vS,frsm;udk ausmif;0if;twGif;üyif rdrdwdkY tpDtpOft& csufjyKwf ay;&onf/ ,cktBudrf nDvmcH&m pifNydKifr½Sdacs/ oefY½Sif;wdkY\ AuorSm tiftm;vHk;yg;yg;oGm;jcif;ESifhtwl wjznf; jznf; aysmufoGm;onf/ &JpakH xmufrsm;uvnf; nDvmcHusi;f y&m ausmif;ywf0ef;usiw f iG f 0dik ;f 0dik ;f vnfaeonf/ 1954 ck Zefe0g&Dv (1) &ufaeYrS (3) &ufaeYtxd wwd,tBudrfajrmuf ArmEdkifiHvHk;qdkif&mausmif;om;or*¾rsm;tzGJUcsKyf nDvmcHudk usif;ycJhonf/ nDvmcHodkY NrdKUe,faygif; (32) NrdKUe,f? c½dkifaygif; (21) c½dkifESifh rEÅav;wuúodkvf? &efukefwuúodkvf? armfvNrdKifOypmaumvdyf ausmif;om;or*¾rsm;rS ud, k pf m;vS,rf sm; wufa&mufMuonf/ ud, k pf m;vS,rf sm;? avhvmol rsm;ESifh {nfhonfawmfrsm;onf tifwdkuftm;wdkuf wufa&mufvmMuonf/ nDvmcHodkY1/ urÇmhNidrf;csrf;a&;uGef*&uf (ArmEdkifiH) 2/ 'Drdkua&pDtcGifhta&;umuG,fa&;aumfrwD 3/ trsKd;om;nDñGwfa&; ygvDreftiftm;pk 426

Nidrf;csrf;a&; 'Drdkua&pDa&;BudK;yrf;rI - 1954 rS 1955 - 'Drdkua&pDa&; ausmif;om;xknDñGwfa&; trsKd;om;a&;toGif 4/ ArmjynftrsKd;orD;rsm;tzGJU 5/ jynfolUvli,f 6/ ausmif;om;rsm;or*¾ ½Srf;jynfajrmufydkif; 8/ Armjynftvkyform;tzGJUcsKyf 9/ atmufwdkbmausmif;om;ta&;jzifh &efukefwuúodkvfrS xGufajy;wdrf;a½Smifae&aom ausmif;om; acgif;aqmifrsm; paom toif;tzGJUrsm; (9) zGJUxHrS o0PfvTmrsm; ay;ydkYcJhMuonf/ nDvmcHwGif trsKd;rsKd; tcuftcJ ½Sd½Hkru pdwfcsat;csrf;pGm usif;yEdkifjcif;r½Sd? nDvmcH&ufwGif ausmif;om;wdkUonf tjyifxGufEdkifjcif; r½Sdyg/ w &ufwGif udktkef;armifonf udkausmfomxGef;ESifhtwl pD;u&uf tjyifxGuf0,f&m &JpHkaxmufrsm;u 0ifqGJonf/ ausmif;om;rsm; atmf[pfvIHUaqmfí &Jrsm;vufxJrS jyefqGJvk&onf/ tcsdefrD jyefvkEdkifí udktkef;armif rygoGm;cJhay/ odkYaomf nDvmcHonf rnfrQBuD;rm;aom tEÅ&m,fjzpfap jzwfoef; ausmfvTm;EdkifcJhonf/ ausmif;om;rsm; rw&m;zrf;qD;csKyfaESmifjcif;cHae&csdef ausmif;aep&dwf BuD;jrifhaecsdef ausmif;oHk; ud&d,mwefzdk;rsm; jrifhwufaecsdef ausmif;taqmuftODrsm; rvHkravmufjzpfaecsdef nDvmcHBuD;udk atmifjrifpGm usif;yEdkifcJhonfrSm ausmif;om;xktwGuf wefzdk;rjzwfEdkifaom qkvmbfwckyif jzpfonf/ nDvmcHwGif wufa&muf vmMuaom tNrdKUNrdKUrS ausmif;om; udk,fpm;vS,frsm;onf atmufwdkbm ta&;awmfyHkESifh ywfoufí rdrdwdkU vIyf½Sm; aqmif½GufcJhjcif;rsm; wifjyMuonf/ zdESdyfolwdkYonf þwwd,tBudrfajrmuf AuotzGJUcsKyfnDvmcHtm; Munfhí xdwfvefUvmMuonf/ ausmif;om;rsm; nDñGwfaoG;pnf;oGm;rnfudk pdk;&drfonf/ nDñGwfjcif;jzifh tcGifhta&;rsm; awmif;qdkvmrnfudk vefYjzefYvmonf/ 4if;wdkY\ zdESdyfrIrsm;udk zGifhajymrnfudk awG;awmrdonf/ xdkYaMumifh 'Drdku&ufwpfausmif;om; nDvmcHudk pifNydKifoabmrsKd; usif;y&ef pdkif;jyif;vmonf/ 'DtufpftdknDvmcHudk Auorsm;tzGJUcsKyfnDvmcHESifh wNydKifwnf; usif;yonf/ AuotzGJUcsKyfnDvmcHodkY oGm;rnfhudk,fpm;vS,frsm;tm; usif;yMuonfh 4if;wdkY\ NrdKUe,f? c½dkif zqyv Ouú|rsm; vufrSwfESifhwuG ausmif;om;rsm;udk 'Dtufpftdk nDvmcHodkY twif;vTwfonf/ aiGaMu; axmufyhHonf/ Auorsm;tzGJUcsKyfnDvmcHtaMumif; oGm;ykyfavvGifh xkwfvTifhonf/ 'DtufpftdknDvmcHudk ¤if;wdkU odrf;ydkufxm;onfh &efukefwuúodkvfor*¾ taqmuftODwGif usif;yonf/ 0efBuD; OD;ausmfNidrf; udk,fwdkifvmí rdefYcGef;ay;onf/ 'Dtufpftdk udk,fpm;vS,fwdkYtm; um;BuD;? um;i,fwdkUjzifh Hotel rsm;wGif ac:í Hotel rsm;wGif {nfhcHonf/ or®wtdrfawmf? urÇmat;bk&m; ponfwdkYudk vdkufydkUay;onf/ aiGtajrmuftrsm; tukefcHí odrf;oGif; rIid ;f wdu k f ay;vdu k o f nf/ 'Dtufpt f n kd v D mcHonf ausmif;om;nDñw G af &;tm; zsufq;D a&;? Auorsm;tzGUJ csKyf nDvmcH tm; zsufqD;a&;rSwfwdkifwckom jzpfonf/

(c) 1954-55 ckEpS f Auorsm;tzGUJ csKyf trIaqmiftzGUJ udkcifausmf Ouú| udkxGef;az 'k-Ouú| udkcifarmiftkef; udkaZmf0if; (aemif ynma&;okawoeAsL½dk) taxGtaxGtwGif;a&;rSL; udk0if;xG#f wGJzuftwGif;a&;rSL; udkxGefvIdif aiGxdef; udkvSxGef;OD; pnf;½Hk;a&;AsL½dk udkwifa½T jyefMum;a&;AsL½dk udkpdef0if; (xm;0,f) oufomacsmifcsda&;AsL½dk udkausmfjrifh EdkifiHjcm;qufoG,fa&;AsL½dk udkatmifjrifh b@ma&;AsL½dk udkxGef;wif Xmer½Sd ausmif;xkwfcH&aom &Jabmfrsm;udk txl;trIaqmiftjzpf cefYtyfcJhygonf/

427

jrefrmEdkifiHausmif;om;vIyf&Sm;rIordkif; - atmifxGef;

(*) Auorsm;tzGUJ csKyn f v D mcHwiG f wifoiG ;f aom tpD&ifcpH mrsm; (8-1)

&efukefc½dkifausmif;om;or*¾ tpD&ifcHpm (&uo) ,aeY jrefrmjynfonf Armausmif;om;xk\ tusOf;axmifBuD;ozG,f jzpfavonf/ ausmif;om;xkonf pD;yGm;a&; tusyftwnf;tm; rdbjynfolwdkYESifh twl a&m,SufcHpm;ae&onf/ pD;yGm;a&;tusyftwnf; uyfqdkuf aeojzifh atmufwb kd mausmif;om;ta&;awmfyBkH uD; aygufzmG ;vmonf/ wuúov kd ef ,fajrrsm;wGif rD;cd;k vH;k rsm; ydwzf ;kH aecsdefwGif usnfqefrsm; w½TD;½TD; jzwfoef;aecsdefwGif ppfzdeyfcGmoHrsm; jrnf[def;aepOfwGif Armjynfausmif;om;xk onf vufydkufMunfh raeEdkifawmhacs/ wuúodkvfausmif;om;rsm; ta&;onf ausmif;om;xk\ tHk
Nidrf;csrf;a&; 'Drdkua&pDa&;BudK;yrf;rI - 1954 rS 1955 - 'Drdkua&pDa&; ausmif;om;xknDñGwfa&; trsKd;om;a&;toGif (*-2)

rEåav;c½dkif (ruo) ausmif;om;rsm;or*¾\ tpD&ifcHpm 1953 ckESpf atmufwdkbmta&; ay:vmonfESifhwNydKifwnf; igwdkYc½dkifOuú|eJY c½dkiftwGif;a&;rSL; tzrf;cH cJ&h onf/ rMumrDrmS 'k-Ouú| zrf;qD;cH&jyefonf/ atmufwb kd m ausmif;wvydwaf &;eJY ywfoufNyD; igwdYk rEÅav;c½dik f ausmif;om;rsm;or*¾rSaeí Ouú|eJY twGif;a&;rSL; zrf;NyD;onfh aemufydkif;rSm tpnf;ta0;BuD; wckudk tdrfawmf&m (14) cef;Z&yfrSm atmufwdkbmv (8) &ufaeYu jyKvkyfay;NyD;(1) atmufwdkbm ausmif;wvydwfa&;onf w&m;rQwrSefuefonfhtwGuf axmufcHaMumif;? (2) &efukefESifh rEÅav;wdkUrS w&m;rJhzrf;qD;jcif;cH&aom ausmif;om;rsm;udk tjrefqHk;jyefvTwf&ef? (3) ausmif;om;? ausmif;olrsm;tm; rw&m;zrf;qD;? zdESdyfaom zqyvqdk½S,fvpftpdk;&udk ½IwfcsaMumif;? (4) &efukefwuúodkvfe,fajrw0dkufwGif xkwfjyefxm;aom yk'fr (144) tm; tjrefqHk; jyefvnf½kyfodrf;&ef? þtqdk (4) csufudk csrSwfonf/ igwdkYonf 'DaeYtcsdeftxd ausmif;om;vkyfief;rsm;rSm qufvufaqmif½u G q f yJ J jzpfonf/ 14? 12? 53 aeY rSmqdk&if ArmwEdkifiHvHk;rSm½Sdonfh ausmif;om;tajctaeudk wifjy&if; igwdkY rEÅav;c½dkif (241) rSm 'DtajctaeawG tay: oabmxm;udk owif;pmq&mrsm;tm; ½Sif;vif;wifjycJhonf/ trsKd;om;aeY? ausmif;om;aeYrsm;rSmvnf; zrf;qD;cH&onfh ausmif;om;rsm;? ausmif;om;tcGifhta&; qHk;½IH;aeonfrsm;udk xkwfazmfawmif;qdkonfh qHk;jzwfcsuf rsm;ESifh odkufodkuf0ef;0ef; usif;yEdkifcJhonff/ (*-3)

jrif;jcHc½dkifausmif;om;rsm;or*¾rS wifoGif;aom tpD&ifcHpm &efukefwuúodkvf atmufwdkbmausmif;om;ta&;awmfyHkESifh ywfoufí axmufcHqE´jyaom vSnfhvnfyGJ wckudk igwdkY jrif;jcHc½dkifausmif;om;rsm;or*¾rS OD;pD;NyD; 13? 10? 53 aeYwGif usif;ycJhonf/ xdkqE´jy vSnfhvnfyGJwGif ausmif;om;axmufcHrI ryg? ausmif;e,fajrwGif zGJUpnf;jcif;r[kwf? ausmif;olwdkYtm; vufudkify0gay; pnf;½Hk;jcif;? olwdkY\ (11) OD;aom trIaqmifwGif (3) OD;rSm trIaqmifrsm; jzpfaeonfudkyif rdrdbmomrdrd rod&bJ ygwD½Hk;wGif 'Dtufpt f t kd zGUJ udk ausmif;om;avmufaumifwpk zGUJ pnf;cJMh uygonf/ olwYkd OD;aqmifru I kd vufcMH u&efvnf; toem;cH pmrsm; ½du k Ef ydS x f w k af 0cJMh uygonf/ olwUkd \ npfywfrrI sm;udk odNyD;jzpfaom ausmif;om;xku olwYkd toem;cHpmrsm;udk pdwyf g0ifpm;pGm qkwjf zJypfcyhJ gonf/ &JabmfwYkd 'Dtufpt f q kd o kd nfh 'Dru kd &ufwpf ausmif;om;tzGUJ tm; (Democractic Student Organization trnfrS Dirty Student Orgabization trnfodkY) jrif;jcHc½dkifausmif;om;xku ajymif;vJrSnfhac: cJhMuygonf/ þ'Dtufpftdk ausmif;om;wpkonf ausmif; om;xkBuD;\ a0zefvufrcHonfh tMum;wGif rMumrD yaysmufoGm;rnf[k igwdkYc½dkif ausmif;om;xku ,HkMunfygonf/ (*-4)

tif;pdefc½dkifausmif;om;or*¾ tpD&ifcHpm igwdYk tif;pdecf ½dik af usmif;om;or*¾ukd tif;pde?f wdu k Bf uD;? vSn;f ul;? tkwu f efNrdKUe,f vSn;f ul;or*¾rsm;ESihf arSmb f ?D axmufMuH? avSmu f m;? awmfvwD tv,fwef;ausmif;om; (243) a,muf or*¾rsm;tm; yg0ifzUJG pnf;cJyh gonf/ igwdkY tif;pdefc½dkifausmif;om;rsm;or*¾onf zdESdyfrItrsKd;rsKd;udk cHcJh&onf/ wdkufBuD;NrdKUausmif;om;rsm;or*¾rS twGif; a&;rSL;? Ouú|tygt0if or*¾trIaqmif (6) a,muf ausmif;xkwfcH&onf/ xkwfcH&onfhtaMumif;rSm trIaqmif rsm;onf nDvmcHtwGuf pnf;½H;k a&;rsm; aqmif½u G &f ef NrdKUe,fausmif;om;or*¾rsm;odYk oGm;a&mufjcif;aMumifh jzpfonf/ odYkaomf Auorsm;tzGUJ csKyfrS ,cktzrf;cHae&onfh udak usmNf idr;f ESihf ,ckxu G af jy;wdr;f a½Smifae&aom ud, k w k Ykd vma&muf aqmif½u G af y;ojzifh tm;vH;k ausmif;jyefaecGi&hf onf/ tif;pdeaf usmif;om;rsm; or*¾rS OD;pD;NyD; tif;pdepf ufrv I ufro I yd HÜ ausmif;om;rsm;ESifhyl;aygif;um wuúodkvfausmif;ol? ausmif;om;rsm;tm; tmPmydkifwdkYu rw&m;zrf;qD;jcif;? rw&m;ausmif;xkwfjcif;? 0&rf;xkwfjcif;rsm;udk uefYuGufjcif;taejzifh pDwef;vSnfhvnfyGJ jyK vkyfcJhonf/ (*-5)

zsmyHkc½dkifausmif;om;or*¾ tpD&ifcHpm wuúov kd af usmif;om;ta&;awmfyu kH kd axmufco H nft h aeESihf usKu d v f wfNrdKUrSwyg; useNf rdKUe,f tm;vH;k onf zrf;xm;aomausmif;om;rsm;udk vTwfypfa&;? tif;0*dwfwdkufyGJwGif tpdk;&\rw&m;rI &ufpufrIudk uefYuGufaom taeESihf qE´jyyGrJ sm; jyKvkycf o hJ nf/ onftcsderf mS yJ usKduv f wfEiS hf zsmyHNk rdKUe,frsm;rS 'Dtufpt f t kd zGUJ rsm; ay:vmonf/ umuG,af &;acgif;aqmifrsm;? zqyv qd½k , S v f pfwYkd \ om;orD;rsm; yg0ifMuonf/ tcsKdUausmif;om;awGu rvkycf sif bJESifh rdb'ku©a&mufrSmpdk;í 0ifvkyfMu&onf/ 'gayr,fh ausmif;om;xktrsm;pkuawmh 'Dtufpftdkudk vufrcHMuay/ 429

jrefrmEdkifiHausmif;om;vIyf&Sm;rIordkif; - atmifxGef; (*-6)

a';'&JNrdKYe,fausmif;om;rsm;or*¾ tpD&ifcHpm atmufwb kd m ausmif;wvydwaf &;twGuf wuúov kd af usmif;om;rsm; awmif;qdq k E´jyrIrsm;aMumifh wuúov kd f ausmif;om;rsm;tm; a&ydkuf? rsuf&nf,dkAHk;udk toHk;jyK½Hkru aoewfESifhypf? ½dkufESufzrf;qD;jcif;wdkUudk igwdkU a';'&JNrdKUe,f ausmif;om;rsm;or*¾u ½Iwfcsí wuúodkvfausmif;om;rsm; ausmif;wvydwfa&; awmif;qdkcsuf onf w&m;rQwí axmufcaH Mumif;ESihf ausmif;om;rsm;udk wzufowf tMurf;zufErdS Ef iS ;f jcif;udk ½Iwcf sonft h aeESihf zrf;qD;xm;aom ausmif;om;rsm;udk tjrefqHk;vTwf&efESifh aemufxyfrzrf;qD;&ef (3) &ufwdwd qE´jycJhMu ygonf/ (*-7)

bdkuav;NrdKYe,f ausmif;om;rsm;or*¾ tpD&ifcHpm wuúov kd f ausmif;wvydwaf &;udk axmufco H nft h aeESihf atmufwb kd mv (10) &ufaeYwiG f igwdYk bdu k av; NrdKUe,f ausmif;om;rsm;or*¾tzGJUrS qE´jyyGJw&yf usif;ycJhonf/ þqE´jyyGJudk tcuftcJ trsKd;trsKd;Mum;rS ausmif;om;xk (500) cefYrQESihf usif;yEdik cf o hJ nf/ zqyvwdUk onf igwdYk \ qE´jyrnfh taMumif;odojzifh ausmif;om; or*¾onf oydwfarSmufawmhrnf[k owif;vTifhNyD; ausmif;om;? rdb? q&m? pHkaxmuft&m½Sdrsm;ESifh enf;trsKd;rsKd; oHk;NyD; aESmifh,SufcJhMuonf/ aemufqHk; zqyv acgif;aqmifrsm; rsufESmajymifwdkufNyD; vkyfcJhaom zsufqD;rIrsm; rxda&mufcahJ y/ igwdUk ausmif;om;or*¾onf þtcuftcJrsm;aMumifh wGeUf qkwjf cif; r½Sb d J txufwef;ausmif;a½SUü crf;em;pGm qE´jyEdkifcJhayonf/ wuúodkvf ausmif;om;vIyf½Sm;rItm; trIaqmif? twef;trIaqmifrsm;rSwqifh tjzpfrSefudk ausmif;om;xkESifh NrdKUrd? NrdKUzwdkUtm; ½Sif;vif; azmfjyEdkifcJhonf/ (*-8)

jynfc½kdifausmif;om;rsm;or*¾\ tpD&ifcHpm wuúodkvfausmif;wvydwfa&;? rydwfa&;[m igwdkU jynfNrdKUudk *,uf½dkufvmonf/ þuJhodkY *,uf½dkuf vmonfhtcgrSm igwdkUonf NrdKUe,for*¾ trIaqmifeJU nDvmcHtpnf;ta0;udk (5? 10? 53) &ufaeY rSm ac:,lNyD; (1) ausmif;wvydwfa&; rSefuefí axmufcHjcif; (2) ausmif;wGi;f wuúov kd t f a&; tpnf;ta0; rvky&f qdak om tpd;k &\ yk'rf (144) trdeYf u½kd w I cf saMumif;? csufjcif; zsufodrf;ay;&ef awmif;qdkaMumif; tqdkudk wifoGif; qHk;jzwfMuonf/ jynfNrdKU ygvDreftrwf EdkifiHjcm;a&;Xme OD;vSarmif[m igwdkYor*¾udk ac:,lNyD; olUtdrfrSmwzufu Ncdrf; ajcmuf? wzufu vufbuf&nf? rkefY? pD;u&ufwdkuf acsmhjr§LNyD; aqG;aEG;yGJvkyfvmonf/ odkYaomf igwdkUonf rwkev f yI b f J jyefveS af r;cGe;f rsm; xkwEf ikd cf o hJ nf/ igwdUk \ pnf;½H;k a&;vkyif ef;rsm;aMumifh igwdYk jynfc½dik t f wGi;f rSm½So d nfh NrdKUe,frsm;udk 'Dtufpt f akd c:onfh ausmif;om;opömazmufrsm; r0ifa&mufEikd cf ahJ y/ 'gwGirf uao;bJ atmufwb kd mv 'kw, d ywfxw J iG f igwdUk NrdKU bk&if½h BkH uD;rSm zqyvawG OD;pD;NyD; olwUkd vufatmufcH qefpufaygif;pHt k vkyo f rm;tzGUJ wdUk ? {&m0wD or0g,r tvkyform;wdkU? aps;ESifh jrLeDpDy,ftvkyform;rsm;yg ac:NyD; olwdkUMoZmcH NrdKUvlBuD;wcsKdUESifh ]]ausmif;om;rdbtoif;}} qdNk yD; olwUkd twGi;f u vlwa,mufu Ouú|utp trIaqmifrsm;tqH;k pm½Guf w½Guaf y:rSm a&;xm;wmawGudk zwfjywifoGif;NyD; bmrS rar;awmhbJ twnfjyKoGm;onf/ aemufxyf ausmif;wvydwfa&;? uGefjrLepf ausmif;om;ta&; raxmufcHbl;[k qHk;jzwfMuonf/ (15) &ufydwfa&;udk axmufcHMuonf/ odkYaomf NrdKUay:u ausmif;om;rsm; ? rdbrsm;yg igwdkY BudKwif ½Sif;vif;xm;cJhEdkifvdkU tMuHratmifbJ bmrS vIyfvIyf½Sm;½Sm; rjzpfcJhbJ ¤if;wdkUom tlaMumifaMumif jzpfoGm;cJhonf/ (*-9)

o&ufc½dkifausmif;om;rsm;or*¾ tpD&ifcHpm wuúodkvf atmufwdkbmausmif;om;ta&;awmfyHkESifh ywfoufí owif;pmrsm;rS wqifh awGUMuHK cJh&onf/ xdkYaMumifh wuúodkvfausmif;om;ta&;onf rSefuefonf[k ,lqum axmufcHonfhtaeESifh ausmif;w&ufrwufbJ qE´jyMu&ef vkyfaqmifEdkifcJhonf/ þwGif ykvdyftzGJUESifh zqyvygwDwdkY c½dkifor*¾\ ajcvSrf;udk apmifhMunfhvm Muonf/ c½dkifor*¾\ pnf;vHk;nDñGwfrIudk NzdKcGJ&ef enf;vrf;&Smí Ncdrf;ajcmuf wcg? aiGay; acsmhjrL wvSnfhjzifh ¤if;wdkY npfywfcJhMuaomfvnf; c½dkifor*¾\ nDñGwfa&;rSm MuHUMuHUcdkifcdkif wnfjrJcJhonf/ (*-10)

rauG;c½dkifausmif;om;or*¾ tpD&ifcHpm igwdkU rauG;c½dkifausmif;om;or*¾onf atmufwdkbm ausmif;om;ta&;awmfyHkudk jyif;jyif;xefxef axmufccH MhJ uonf/ igwdUk rauG;NrdKUrSm atmufwb kd m ausmif;om;ta&;ESihf ywfoufNyD; rauG;NrdKU vli,f pmMunfw h u kd f

430

Nidrf;csrf;a&; 'Drdkua&pDa&;BudK;yrf;rI - 1954 rS 1955 - 'Drdkua&pDa&; ausmif;om;xknDñGwfa&; trsKd;om;a&;toGif wGif ausmif;om;rsm;ESihf NrdKUvlBuD;rsm;udk zdwaf c: ½Si;f jyNyD; axmufccH MhJ uonf/ ausmif;om;rsm;udk rzrf;&ef? zrf;xm;ol rsm;udk tjrefq;kH jyefvw T &f ef? ausmif;xkwx f m;onfh ausmif;om;rsm;udk tjrefq;kH ausmif;jyefciG ahf y;&ef ponft h qdrk sm; wifoGif;qHk;jzwfNyD;? oufqdkif&m Xmersm;udk ydkUcJhonff/ (*-11)

rHk&GmNrdKYrausmif;om;rsm;or*¾ tpD&ifcHpm (4? 12? 53) &ufaeYwGif ausmif;om;xkpnf;a0;yGJusif;yum? (1) udkaZmfrif;tm; tjrefqHk;vTwf&ef? (2) wuúodkvfta&;ESifhywfoufí zrf;xm;aomausmif;om;rsm;udk vTwf&ef? (3) wuúodkvfta&;ESifh ausmif;xkwfxm;olrsm;udk ausmif;jyefoGif;&ef? (4) ausmif;om;xktay:wGif zdESdyfrIrsm;udk ½IwfcsaMumif;udk qHk;jzwfNyD; vSnfhvnf qE´jyMuayonf/ 'DZifbmv (4) &uf ausmif;om;xkqE´jyyGJwGif 'Dtufpftdkrsm; vdkufvHaESmuf,Sufojzifh ausmif;om; xkBuD;u rcH&yfEdkifjzpfum 'Dtufpftdkrsm;udk cJESifhayguf armif;xkwfaomaMumifh xdef;odrf;Mu&onf/ (*-12)

armfvNrdKifOypmaumvdyfausmif;om;rsm;or*¾ tpD&ifcHpm Edk0ifbmv (1) &ufaeY aeUpGJyg tmPmydkifwdkU\ xkwfjyefaMunmcsuf w&yfu ausmif;om;xk vGwfvyfpGm pnf;½H;k ajymqdck iG hf r&oavmuf csKyfcs,fxm;ygonf/ (Oyrm -or*¾ukd rSwyf w kH ifcikd ;f jcif;? tcef;wGi;f ü (4) em&DveG u f a[majympnf;½Hk;cGifhrjyK? rSwfyHkrwifxm;aom toif;tzGJUrsm;onf ausmif;0if;wGif; tpnf;ta0;vkyfcGifhr½Sd/) odkY jzpfaomaMumifh armfvNrdKifOypmaumvdyfausmif;om;rsm;or*¾taeESifh aemufxyfajcvSrf; rwdk;EdkifcJhay/ ESpfOD;rS a½G;aumuf wifajr§mufaom trIaqmifwcsKdUrSm atmufwdkbmta&;awmfyHkESifh ywfoufí (7) &ufrQ zrf;qD;csKyfaESmif cHc&hJ onf/ þtajctaeudk tcGiahf umif;,lí &efuek 'f rD u kd &ufwpfausmif;om;tzGUJ csKyf 'Dtufpt f rkd S pnf;½H;k a&;rSL;rsm;udk tvsiftjref apvTwfum 'DtufpftdktzGJUudk zGJUpnf;vdkuf\/ odkYaomf 'DtufpftdktzGJUrSm ajymyavmufatmif tiftm; r½Sday/ (*-13)

yJcl;c½dkifausmif;om;rsm;or*¾ tpD&ifcHpm atmufwb kd m ausmif;om;ta&; ray:rD c½dik t f wGi;f ½Sd e,frsm;\ qufqrH rI mS avsmw h ad vsm&h yJ if jzpfygonf/ tpdk;& txufwef;ausmif;½Sdaom NrdKUe,frsm;uvnf; rdrdwdkU e,fy,f½Sd ausmif;om;rsm;udk pkpnf;Edkif&ef tjcm;ta&; udprö sm; pwifvyk af qmifae&ojzifh wNrdKUe,fEiS hf wNrdKUe,f qufqaH &;rSm nhzH sif;cJyh gonf/ atmufwb kd m ausmif;om; ta&;awmfyHk ay:aygufvmaom tcsdefwGif e,f½Sd ausmif;om;xkrSm wuf
awmifilc½dkifausmif;om;rsm;or*¾ tpD&ifcHpm wuúov kd f ausmif;om;rsm;ta&; ay:aygufvmNyD; e,foUkd ul;puf ysUH ESYH vmNyD;aemuf ausmif;om;? ausmif;ol wdkif;wdkU\ &oifh&xdkufaom tcGifhta&;ESifh &ifqdkifae&aom jyóemrsm;udk pdwf0ifpm;vmMuonf/ trSm;trSefudk a0zefvmMuonf/ (33) Budrfajrmuf trsKd;om;atmifyGJaeUwGif ausmif;om;xk (5000) ausmf csDwuf pnf;½Hk;vsuf ynma&;pepf jr§ifhwifay;&ef paomtqdkrsm;udk csrSwfawmif;qdk a
431

jrefrmEdkifiHausmif;om;vIyf&Sm;rIordkif; - atmifxGef; (*-15)

[oFmwc½dkifausmif;om;rsm;or*¾ tpD&ifcHpm &efukefwuúodkvf atmufwdkbmausmif;om;ta&;ESifh ywfoufí 'Drdkua&pD pnf;0dkif;twGif;wGif pnf;urf;ao0yfpmG qE´jyaeonfh ausmif;om;xkukd rw&m;zdEydS zf rf;qD;jcif;? aoewfEiS hf ypfjcif;paom zufqpfqefqef jyKrlaom tpdk;&tm; ½IwfcsaomtaeESifh vnf;aumif;? zrf;qD;jcif;cH&aom ausmif;om;rsm;ESifh 'Pf&mxdcdkufcH&aom ausmif;om;rsm;udk u½kPmoufaMumif; xkwfazmfjyo&eftwGuf vnf;aumif; atmufwdkbmv (10) &ufaeYwGif NrdKUe,for*¾rS OD;pD;um ausmif; (3) ausmif;wGif qE´jyoydwfw&ufudk wNydKifwnf; arSmufcJhMuonf/ jrefatmif? MuHcif;NrdKUrsm;wGif 'Dtufpt f zkd UJG pnf;a&;twGuf 0efBuD;OD;xGe;f 0if;? ocifcspaf rmifwUkd a&mufcphJ Ofu 'Dtufpt f zkd UJG pnf;&ef jyKvkyMf uonfukd 'Dtufpt f kd rzGUJ pnf;vdak Mumif;? ausmufcrJ sm;? oHy;kH rsm;wD;í tpnf;ta0;cef;rS armif;xkwcf MhJ uonf/ t*FylNrdKUwGifvnf; xdkuJhodkYyif pnf;½Hk;a&;rSL; udkxGef;vGiftm; oHyHk;wD;í armif;xkwfvdkufMuonf/ ZvGefNrdKUwGif ygvDreftrwfESifh qdk½S,fvpfrsm;u ausmif;q&mrsm;tm; 'DtufpftdktzGJUudk tmPmoHk;í twif;zGJUaponfudk ausmif;om;rsm;u rzGJUcJhay/ odkYESifh ygvDreftrwfrsm;u 'Dtufpftdkw&m;a[mNyD; 'DtufpftdktzGJUudk tmPmoHk;í twif;zGJUaponfudk ausmif;om;rsm;u rzGJUcJhay/ odkUESifh ygvDreftrwfrsm;u 'Dtufpftdkw&m;a[mNyD; 'Dtufpftdk zGJUvdku rwfwyf&yf&ef ausmif;om;rsm;tm;ajym&m wOD;wa,mufrQ r&yfbJ xdkifaeonfudk awGU&onf/ xdkYaemuf ausmif;om;xkonf ]'Dtufpftdk tvdkr½Sd} [laom a
rtlyifc½dkifausmif;om;rsm;or*¾ tpD&ifcHpm &JabmfwdkY &efukefwuúodkvfwGif jzpfysufcJhaom atmufwdkbmausmif;om;ta&;awmfyHkwGif tpdk;&\ jyKrlcsufrsm;onf vHk;0rw&m;[k igwdkY ,HkMunfí wuúodkvfausmif;rsm;\ ausmif;om;xkrsm;tm; axmufcHaom tm;jzifh igwdkY tpnf;ta0;yGJrsm;? pDwef;vSnfhvnf qE´jyyGJrsm;jzifh uefYuGufqE´jy&ef BudK;pm;cJhMuonf/ odkYaomf vnf; tmPmydkifwdkY\ trsKd;rsKd; zdESdyfcsKyfcs,frIrsm;aMumifh igwdkYyif xGufajy;wdrf;a½Smifae&ojzifh trIaqmif tpnf;ta0;udk vQKdU0Sufac:,lum tpdk;&\ tjyKtrlrsm;udk vHk;0½IwfcsaMumif; tqdkrsm; qHk;jzwfEdkifMu½Hkom tajct aet& wwfEkdifcJhonf/ (*-17)

ajrmif;jrc½dkif ausmif;om;or*¾ tpD&ifcHpm Auorsm;tzGJUcsKyf\ 4? 10? 53 aeYpGJyg ñTefMum;csuft& &efukefwuúodkvfrS ausmif;om;rsm;tm; zrf;qD;jcif;? a&ydkufESifh yufjcif;? rsuf&nf,dkAHk;ESifh ypfjcif;? aoewfESifhypfjcif; ponfwdkYtwGuf tpdk;&tm; ½Iwfcs aMumif;ESifh wuúodkvfausmif;rsm; ausmif;om;xkwdkufyGJrsm;tm; axmufcHaMumif; qE´jyonfh vSnfhvnfyGJwckudk ausmif;om; (300) cefYu um; (4) pD;jzifh NrdKUwGif;vSnfhvnf a
Nidrf;csrf;a&; 'Drdkua&pDa&;BudK;yrf;rI - 1954 rS 1955 - 'Drdkua&pDa&; ausmif;om;xknDñGwfa&; trsKd;om;a&;toGif cH&onf/ odkYaomf ausmif;om;xkonf pnf;vHk;nDñGwfpGm usif;yNyD; 'Drdkua&pDynma&;? wuúodkvfausmif;rsm;rS ausmif;xkwfxm;olrsm;tm; tjrefqHk;jyefoGif;a&; tqdkrsm;udk wnDwñGwfwnf; qHk;jzwfcJhMuonf/ (*-18)

xm;0,fc½dkifausmif;om;rsm;or*¾ tpD&ifcHpm &JabmfwdkY wuúodkvfrsm; atmufwdkbmta&;awmfyHkudk axmufcH&efESifh NrdKUrdNrdKUzrsm;udk ½Sif;vif;wdkifMum;&ef aMunmpmwrf;rsm; yHkESdyfwdkufodkY oGm;a&muf ½dkufESdyfaomfvnf; tmPmydkifrsm;\ zdESdyfrIudk aMumuf½GHUojzifh b,fyHk ESdyfwdkufrS ½dkufray;&JMubl;? 'gaMumifh trsKd;rsKd;BudK;pm;vdkYr&awmh aemufqHk; owif;pmrsm;toif;udk oGm;NyD; ausmif; om;acgif;aqmifrsm;u vwfwavm ay:aygufaewJh Armjynfausmif;om;ta&;udk ½Sif;vif;wifjy wkdifwef;vdkuf Muonf/ zqyv r@dKifowif;pmu 'Dudpöudk r[kwfrw&m;rsm;udk vkyfMuHa&;cJhonff/ þodkYjzifh wwd,tBudrfajrmuf Auorsm;tzGJUcsKyfnDvmcHwGif jynfe,fESifh c½dkif udk,fpm;vS,frsm;onf ausmif;om;xk\ tH
(C) ausmif;xkwcf &H aom ausmif;om;rsm; ausmif;jyef0ifa&;aqmif&u G rf aI umfrwDrS &efuek w f uúov kd af umifpo D Ykd ay;ydaYk ompm/

433

jrefrmEdkifiHausmif;om;vIyf&Sm;rIordkif; - atmifxGef; odhk aumifpDvlBuD;rif;rsm; &efukefwuúodkvf cifAsm; &efukefwuúodkvfESifh rEÅav;wuúodkvfrS &moufyefausmif;xkwfjcif;cH&aom ausmif;om;rsm;udk,fpm; av;pm;pGmyefMum;tyfygonf/ 1953 atmufwdkbm ausmif;wpfvydwfa&;ESifh ywfoufí uRefawmfrsm;tm; &efukefwuúodkvfESifh rEÅav;wuúodkvfrS &moufyefausmif;xkwfjcif; cHcJh&ygonf/ 1953 atmufwdkbm ausmif;wpfvydwfa&;udk uRefawmfrsm;tygt0if &efukefwuúodkvf? rEÅav; wuúov kd Ef iS hf armfvNrdKifOypmaumvdy½f dS ausmif;om;xkBuD; w&yfv;kH vIu d v f pJS mG vdv k m;Muygonf/ þodYk vv kd m; cJhMuonfhtwdkif; atmufwdkbm ausmif;wvydwfa&;udk Nidrf;csrf;pGmqE´jy awmif;qdkcJhMuygonf/ þodkY qE´jy awmif;qdk&mwGif uRefawmfrsm;onf atmufwdkbmausmif;wvydwfa&;rSm ausmif;om;xk w&yfvHk;tusKd;ESifh vdktifqE´jzpfonf[k ½dk;om;pGm ,HkMunfMuí yg0ifaqmif½GufcJhjcif; jzpfygonf/ xkdodkY aqmif½GufcJhonfhtwGuf ausmif;om;trsm;yif zrf;qD;csKyfaESmifjcif;? ausmif;xkwfjcif;ESifh 0&rf;xkwfjcif; wdkYudk cHcJh&ygonf/ 1953 atmufwb kd mvrS ,cktcsdet f xd uRefawmfrsm;\ epfemqH;k ½I;H csufrsm;udk vlBuD;rif;rsm; pOf;pm;Edik f &ef tusO;f csKH ;í wifjyvdyk gonf/ uReaf wmfrsm;onf wuúov kd yf nmudk qufvuf oifMum;vdak omfvnf; &mouf yef ausmif;xkwjf cif; cHae&onft h wGuf qufvuf ynmoifciG rhf &cJjh cif;? oufqikd &f mrS zrf;qD;csKyfaESmifxm;jcif; udk wESpf? wESpfcGJausmfrQ cHcJhMu&jcif;/ þodkY csKyfaESmifxm;pOftwGif; qdkif&mowif;axmufvSrf;a&;XmecGJESifh &efukef? rEÅav; pHkaxmufXmerS (Mental Torture) ac: (24) em&DywfvHk; rtdyfrae ppfaq;ar;jref;jcif;wnf;[laom n§Of;yef;rIrsm;udk cHcJhMu &jcif;? axmiftwGif;üvnf; omref&mZ0wf tusOf;om;avmufyif vGwfvyfcGifhr½SdbJ? pdwf"gwfysufjym;ap&ef twGuf wOD;ESifhwOD; awGUqHkcGifhray;bJ oD;jcm;cGJxm;rIcH&jcif;? þodkY zrf;qD;csKyfaESmifcH&pOftwGif; ausmif; om;tcsKdUrSm rdbESpfyg;pvHk; uG,fvGefoGm;cJh&jcif;[laom aMuuGJzG,f&m tjzpftysufrsm;ESifh MuHKawGUcJh&jcif;? tcsKdUausmif;om;rsm;rSm 0&rf;xkwfjcif; cH&onfhtwGuf ykef;a½SmifíaeMu&NyD; tcsKdUrSm xyfrHzrf;qD;jcif;cHMu &onf/ tcsKdUausmif;om;rsm;rSm ausmif;xkwfcHae&pOftwGif; t&nftcsif;tvdkuf tvkyf½SmazG&m XmetcsKdUrS rodí vufcHrdvQifvnf; ausmif;xkwfcH&rSef; odvQifodjcif; csufjcif;tvkyfrS xkwfypfcH&onf/ aumif;uif ajrwdkif;Xme½Sd ajrESifh pdkufysKd;a&;pDrHudef;aumfr½Sif vufatmufwGif vufaxmuf "gwfyHk zwf½Ia&; t&m½Sdtjzpf vkyf&ol udkvSxGef;atmif (&moufyefxkwfcH&aom ausmif;om;)? tdrf,maqmufvkyfa&; bkwftzGJUwGif txufwef;pma&;tjzpf vkyfaeol udkwifatmif (&moufyef xkwfcH&ausmif;om;)? aumufyJoD;ESH a&mif;0,fa&;bkwftzGJUwGif ti,fwef; trIaqmift&m½Sdtjzpf vkyfaeol udkjrwfpH (wESpfxkwfcH&ol) wdkYtm; taMumif;wpHkw&mrjybJ tvkyfrS xkwfypfvdkufonf/ txufazmfjyyg uRefawmfrsm;\ epfemqHk;½IH;rIrsm;udk vlBuD;rif;rsm;od½Sdygu uRefawmfrsm;tay:wGif axmufxm; pmemn§mwmpGm pOf;pm;í ausmif;jyef0ifa&mufEikd af &;udk tjrefq;kH pDpOfaqmif½u G af y;vdMk uvdrrhf nf[k rsm;pGm,HkMunfarQmfvifh tm;xm;vsuf ½Sdygonf/ uRefawmfrsm;onf ynmoifcsdeft½G,f ausmif;om;rsm;jzpfNyD; wuúodkvfynmudk qufvufoifMum; &ef rsm;pGmvdkvm;awmifhwvsuf ½Sdolrsm; jzpfygonf/ uRefawmfrsm;\ ynmoifMum;rIukd Mum½Snaf v;jrifph mG ½kyo f rd ;f xm;rnfqykd gu uRefawmfrsm;\ b0wck vH;k qH;k ½I;H tñGeYf w;kH atmif jyKvkyo f uJo h Ykd rESpNf rdKUzG,t f jzpfrsKd;udk vlBuD;rif;rsm; vdv k m;Murnfr[kw[ f k uRefawmf rsm; ,HMk unfygonf/ odYk ygí uRefawmfrsm;tm; tjrefq;kH ausmif;jyefvnf 0ifa&mufEikd af &;twGuf pDpOfaqmif½u G f ay;ygrnfhtaMumif; av;jrwfpGm yefMum;tyfygonf cifAsm;/ ausmif;xkwfcH&aom ausmif;om;rsm; ausmif;jyef0ifa&;aqmif½GufrIaumfrwD wuo taqmuftOD? &efukefwuúodkvf 434

Nidrf;csrf;a&; 'Drdkua&pDa&;BudK;yrf;rI - 1954 rS 1955 - 'Drdkua&pDa&; ausmif;om;xknDñGwfa&; trsKd;om;a&;toGif

(i) &efuek w f uúov kd f ausmif;om;nDñw G af &; wyfO;D 1953-54 ckEpS f wESpv f ;kH wGif wuoa½G;aumufyyJG sufjcif;? atmufwb kd m ausmif;wvydwaf &;ta&;awmfykH ay:aygufvmjcif; ponfwdkYjzifh tqdkyg wESpfvHk;onf wdkufyGJumv jzpfcJhonf/ ausmif;om;acgif;aqmifrsm;udk ausmif;xkwfonf? zrf;qD;xdef;odrf;onf? pnf;urf;awG trsKd;rsKd;owfrSwfonf? odkYaomf ausmif;om;vIyf½Sm;rIonf cg;jywfomG ;jcif;r½S/d oufqikd &f mtmPmydik Ef iS hf ausmif;om;xkMum;wGif wif;rmvsuf ½So d nf/ xdyk nmoifEpS f tjzpft ysufrsm;t& qdkif&mtmPmydkifrsm;udk zdESdyfcsKyfcs,folrsm;tjzpf ausmif;om;rsm;u jrifonf/ xdkwESpfvHk; ausmif;om;or*¾ r½Sdjcif;onf ausmif;om;xkudk w&m;0ifudk,fpm;jyKEdkifaom tzGJUtpnf;r½Sd ouJhodkYjzpfonf/ ausmif;om;xktwGuf rsm;pGmepfemaponf/ xdkYaMumifh &efukefwuúodkvf½Sd toif;tzGJUaygif;pHk pka0;um ]or*¾jzpfajrmufa&;aumfrwD} udk zGUJ pnf;í ta&;qdck &hJ onf/ ausmif;tmPmydik rf sm;onf wuo a½G;aumufyJG usif;y&ef pOf;pm;ay;cJ&h onf/ or*¾ jzpfajrmufa&;aumfrwDwiG f yg0ifco hJ rl sm;ESihf ucsif? u&if? csif;? ½Sr;f ? &cdik pf aom wdik ;f &if;om;vlrsK;d pkrsm; pkaygif;aqG;aEG;n§Ed idI ;f um ausmif;om;nDñw G af &;wyfO;D (Student United Front) atmifjrifpmG zGJUpnf;cJhjcif; jzpfonf/ wdk;wufaomausmif;om;tiftm;pkESifh wdkif;&if;om;ausmif;om;rsm; pkaygif;zGJUpnf;cJhjcif; jzpfonf/ yxrqHk; zGJUpnf;cJhaom ausmif;om;nDñGwfa&;wyfOD;wGif aumifpD0if (46) OD; ESifh atmufygtrIaqmif tzGJUudk a½G;cs,fcJhonf/ udkcifarmif Ouú| '*Hkaqmif 'k-Ouú| awmifilaqmif udkcifarmiftkef; taxGaxGtwGif;a&;rSL; udkpdef0if; (xm;0,f) wGJzuftwGif;a&;rSL; udkvSxGef;OD; (tif;pdef) aiGxdef; rpöwmeefZifvm (ucsif) tzGJU0if udkvSaz (&cdkif? OD;wifhaZmf) tzGJU0if udkarmufZif (½Srf;) tzGJU0if udkapmodef;a½T(u&if) tzGJU0if udkaZmf0if; tzGJU0if udkbkef;vIdif tzGJU0if udkaX;rif; tzGJU0if ausmif;om;nDñGwfa&;wyfOD;taeESifh atmufyg0g' (3) &yfudk csrSwfcJhonf/ 3/ ausmif;om;tcGifhta&; umuG,fa&;? tqifhtwef;jrifhaom ynmoifMum;a&;ESifh ausmif;om;b0 om,majzmifh jzL;a&;/ 2/ ausmif;om;nDñGwfa&;ESifh w&m;rQwaom ausmif;om;ta&;jyóemwdkif;wGif aqmif½Gufvkdaom ausmif; om;tiftm;pkrsm;? ausmif;om;tzGJUtpnf;rsm;ESifh yl;wGJaqmif½Gufa&;/ 3/ Nidrf;csrf;pGmynmoifMum;a&;? ,Ofaus;rIjr§ifhwifa&;ESifh ausmif;om;tcsif;csif; &if;ESD;pGm aygif;oif;qufqH a&;/ wyfOD;onf xkduJhodkY wdusaom0g' (3) &yfcsrSwfum wuoa&G;aumufyGJtwGuf pnf;½Hk; jyifqifcJhonf/ oefY½Sif;aom ausmif;om;xkuvnf; ausmif;om;nDñGwfa&;twGuf zdwfac:aqmif½GufrIrsm; ½SdcJhonf/

435

jrefrmEdkifiHausmif;om;vIyf&Sm;rIordkif; - atmifxGef; rS taxGaxGtwGif;a&;rSL; oefh½Sif;aomausmif;om;xk &efukefwuúodkvf odhk taxGaxGtwGif;a&;rSL; 1/ 'Drdku&ufwpfausmif;om;tzGJY? 2/ wdk;wufaomausmif;om;tiftm;pk? &efukefwuúodkvf &Jabmfw-hkd ,aeY ausmif;om;avmuBuD; wckvHk;udkjcHKí tjyKoabmjzifh aocsmpGm a0zefqef;ppfMunfhrnfqdkvQif &JabmfwdkYESifhwuG ausmif;ol^om;wdkif; rjiif;qefEdkifawmhay/ atmufygtcsufrsm;udk awGU&ayvdrfhrnf/ ¤if;tcsufrsm;rSm1/ ausmif;om;tcsif;csif; aoG;cGJrI/ 2/ ausmif;om;xk wu,f vdkvm;í &oifh&xkdufaom tusKd;tcGifhrsm; qHk;½IH;aejcif;/ 3/ vuf½dS ausmif;om;avmu\ ½Iyaf xG;ayGvv D aS om tajctaeqd;k rsm;aMumifh jynfow l Ykd\ txifao;rI cH,lae&onf/ 4/ ,cktcsdefxd ausmif;om;? ausmif;olwdkY\ aexkdifrI? ynmoifMum;rIwdkYESifh ywfoufonfh qHk;½IH;ae aom tusK;d tcGirhf sm;udk xdxad &mufa&muf rnfonft h zGUJ tpnf;rsm;urS aqmif½u G í f taumiftxnf razmfEdkifao;jcif;wdkYyif jzpf\/ txufazmfjyyg tcsufrsm;udk tus,fw0ifU tao;pdwf ½Sif;vif;azmfjy&rnfqdkvQif1/ / a½S;wuúov kd f ausmif;om;avmuBuD;onf xif½mS ;cJah om &if;ES;D rIrsm;? wOD;ESiw hf OD; nD&if;tpfukd armifErS rsm;uJhodkU cspfcifav;pm;cJhaom t&dyfta&mifrsm;udk ,aeYuREkfyfwdkY\ ppfNyD;wuúodkvf&mZ0ifwGif ausmif;ol? ausmif;om;tcsif;csif; ygwD0g'? *dkPf;*P pdwfxm;uGJjym;rIaMumifh qdwfokOf;ysufjyKef;cJh&onf/ 1947 ckESpfrSpí uGefjrLepf0g'\ wdk;wufzGHUNzdK;rIudk vdkvm;aom ausmif;om;tiftm;pkESifh qdk½S,fvpf0g'\ tajccdkifBuD;rm;rIudk jzpfxeG ;f apvdak om ausmif;om;tiftm;pkrsm;wdYk onf wzGUJ ESiw hf zGUJ wuúov kd af usmif;om;tcsif;csif;[laom owd w&m; vGwu f if;aeNyD;vQif rdrw d Ykd ,HMk unfrt I oD;oD;wdUk \ qGaJ qmif&modYk vu kd yf gí wzufEiS w hf zuf tjyKwfwu kd f aeMuonfrSm ,aeYwdkifyif jzpfawmhonf/ þuJhodkY ½Snfvsm;aom umvtydkif;tjcm;wGif &JabmfwdkY toif;tzGJU tcsif;csif; aoG;uGJwdkufcdkufrIrsm; umuG,fxdef;odrf;&ef tvdkYiSm uREkfyfwdkY oefU½Sif;aomausmif;om;xkonf wuúodkvfausmif;om;or*¾\ tmPmudk 0ifa&muf&,ljcif;jzifhvnf;aumif;? &JabmfwdkY\ tjzpftrSefudk ausmif; om;xktm; wifjyjcif;jzifv h nf;aumif; ajz½Si;f cJ&h awmhonf/ oefY½iS ;f aomausmif;om;xk\ jyKrlaqmif½u G rf o I nf atmifjrifaomtpdwftydkif;odkY a&muf½SdcJhovdk? ratmifjrifbJ qHk;½IH;jcif;ESifhvnf; &ifqdkifcJh&onf/ odkYwap 'DaeY? 'Dtcsdef? 'DumvrSmqdkvQif 'DtufpftdkESifh wdk;wufaomausmif;om;tiftm;pk (ausmif;om;tcGifhta&;umuG,frI aumfrwD) tzGJUwdkYonf wzGJUESifhwzGJU rMunfhEdkifavmufonftxd usD;ESifhcifbkwf iSufyrm jzpfaeawmhonfrSm xif½Sm;vSayawmhonf/ 2/ / ausmif;om;rsm; wu,fvdkvm;aom ynma&;qdkif&m jyóemt&yf&yfrsm;udk &JabmfwdkY (2) zGJUpvHk;u wpmpm [pfatmfa
Nidrf;csrf;a&; 'Drdkua&pDa&;BudK;yrf;rI - 1954 rS 1955 - 'Drdkua&pDa&; ausmif;om;xknDñGwfa&; trsKd;om;a&;toGif avmuonf txufyg tpdwftydkif;\ NidKjiifrI? txiftjrifao;rIrsm; cHpm;ae&onfrSm trsm;todyif jzpfawmh \/ odkYjzpf&jcif;rSm &JabmfwdkYtcsif;csif; aoG;uGJrIrsm;? ausmif;om;xk\tusKd;xuf rdrdwdkY,HkMunf&m0g' tusKd; jzpfxGef;rIudk a½SU½IvkyfudkifrIrsm;aMumifhyif jzpfawmh\/ 4/ / ,aeY ausmif;ol? ausmif;om;w&yfvHk;twGuf wu,fta&;BuD;aom jyóemESifhvdkvm;rIrsm; ay: aygufaeaomfvnf; wdkifwdkifyifyif &if;&if;ESD;ESD;ESD;aESmí ajz½Sif;ay;EdkifrnfhtzGJUtpnf;rsm; uif;rJhae&um ausmif; om;xkw&yfvHk;rSm trdrJhom;? a&enf;ig;yrm jzpfaeawmhonf/ txufyg rESpfNrdKUzG,f jyóemrsm; ajyvnfap&efrSm ausmif;om;tpdwftydkif;trsKd;rsKd; udk,fpm;jyKí ausmif;om;xkvdkvm;rIrsm;udk wu,fwef; av;pm;pdwfyg0ifpm;pGmjzifh ajz&Sif;ay;rnfh toif;tzGJUBuD;rsm;? tcsif;csif; nDñw G pf mG jzifh rSeu f efaom oabmw&m;rsm;ay:wGif rlwnfí cdik cf ikd rf mrm nDnñ D w G ñ f w G f zGUJ pnf;xm; onfh wckwnf;aom ausmif;om;wyfOD;BuD; ay:aygufxGef;um;vma&;yif jzpfonf/ þuJhodkY wckwnf;aom ausmif;om;wyfOD; ay:vmjcif;onf 1/ EdkifiHa&; taoG;ta&mifrsm;aMumifh ay:aygufaom aoG;uGJrIrsm;? 2/ ausmif;om;^olrsm; ,aeUtvl;tvJ cHpm;ae&aom jyóemtcuftcJrsm;? 3/ ausmif;om;^olw&yfvHk;ay:wGif wdkif;jynfu xm;½Sdaom txifao;rIrsm;? 4/ ausmif;om;^olwdkY &xkdufaom tusKd;tcGifhrsm;udk aphpyf? ajz½Sif;? jr§ifhwif? ajrawmifajr§mufí om,maom wuúodkvfausmif;om;avmuBuD;udk zefwD;wnfaxmif taumiftxnfazmfEdkifrnfudk um; rnfolrQ jiif;qdkvdrfhrnfr[kwf/ þuJhodkY vuf½Sdtajctaeu awmif;cHonfh vdkvm;rIrsm;udk ajz½Sif;ay;rnfh wckwnf;aom ausmif;om; wyfOD; ay:aygufvmzdkYtwGuf atmufyg tajccHoabmw&m;rsm;ay:wGif rlwnf&ayvdrfhrnf/ (u) Nidrf;csrf;pGm ynmoifMum;a&;/ (c) ausmif;om;^olwdkY\ jyóemt&yf&yfrsm;udk ausmif;om;xk\ qE´t&omvQif ajz½Sif;vkyf aqmifa&;/ (*) ausmif;om;^olwdkY\ ta&;tcif;rsm;udk ajz½Sif;&mwGif rdrdouf0if,HkMunfaom EdkifiHa&;0g'a&;&m rsm;? vHk;0rpGufzuf? ryg0ifapa&;/ (C) rnfonfh jyóemrsm;rqdk w&m;Oya'abmiftwGi;f rS tjyKoabmjzifh at;Nidr;f onfh enf;oufouf jzifh vkyfaqmifa&;/ txufwifjyyg tcsufBuD; (4) csufay:wGif rlwnfí ausmif;om;xkw&yfvHk; awGUMuHKcHpm;ae&aom 'ku©tzHkzHkwdkYrS uif;vGwfa&;twGuf &JabmfwdkY\ pdwfxJ0,f ausmif;om;xktay:wGif xm;½Sdaomapwemonf b,mtwGufr[kwf/ o'¨gtwGufomjzpfygu wckwnf;aom ausmif;om;wyfOD;BuD;udk zGJUpnf;&ef uREkfyfwdkY oefY½iS ;f aomausmif;om;xkEiS t hf wl yl;aygif; aqG;aEG;aqmif½u G Mf uap&ef uREyfk w f Ykdu av;pm;pGm zdwaf c:tyfygaMumif;/ cifaqG taxGaxGtwGif;a&;rSL; oefh½Sif;aomausmif;om;xk &efukefwuúodkvf xdkacwfumvu ausmif;om;tajctaersm;udk jyefMunfhvQif NAdwdoQe,fcsJUqefYusifa&;? zufqpf*syef awmfveS af &;? vGwv f yfa&;BudK;yrf;rIrsm;wGif yg0ifcahJ om ausmif;om;wdYk\ tcef;u@rSm vGwv f yfa&; &NyD;onfah emuf jynfwGif;ppf vdIif;wHydk;Mum;wGif tiftm;NydKifqdkifaom EdkifiHa&;tzGJUtpnf;rsm;Mum;ü ausmif;om;trsm;onfvnf; tkyfpktrsKd;rsKd;uGJum tpdk;&ESifh ausmif;om;wdkufyGJyHkpH jzpfvmonf/ vuf½SdtkyfcsKyfaeaom zqyvtpdk;&onf e,fcsJU tpd;k &ae&modYk a&muf½o dS mG ;NyD; ausmif;om;wdYk onf twdu k t f cHtiftm;pk\ yHpk rH sK;d jzpfomG ;onf/ 'Dru kd a&pD ppfreS af om tpdk;&w&yfjzpfcJhvQif ausmif;om;xkESifh tpdk;&Mum;wGif jzpfay:aom jyóemrsm;udk at;csrf;pGm ajz½Sif;ay;Edkifrnfjzpf onf/ odYk aomf zqyvtpd;k &onf ¤if;tpd;k &tzGUJ wGif yg0ifaom 0efBuD;csKyfO;D Ek? 0efBuD;OD;ausmfNidr;f ? 0efBuD;OD;&m½Spw f Ykd 437

jrefrmEdkifiHausmif;om;vIyf&Sm;rIordkif; - atmifxGef; onf wcsdefu ausmif;om;or*¾wGif acgif;aqmifrsm;jzpfcJhNyD; e,fcsJUtpdk;&\ zdESdyfrIrsm;udk qefYusifawmfvSefcJhMu aomfvnf; ¤if;wdYk u, kd w f ikd f tpd;k &jzpfaomtcg ausmif;om;xku ¤if;wdYk trSm;rsm;udk a0zefaxmufjy qefYusifMuaom tcgwGif e,fcsJUtpdk;&xuf ydkrdkqdk;0g;aom zdESdyfrIrsm; jyKvkyfcJhonf/ xdktjzpftysufudk Munfhjcif;tm;jzifh pOf;pm;p&m (2) ck jzpfvmonf/ ,aeYvuf½Sd ausmif;om;xkonf aemiftcsdefwGif tpdk;&tzGJUwGif 0efBuD;rsm;jzpfvmaom tcgü ausmif;om;ta&;udpörsm;udk ¤if;wdkY rnfodkY ajz½Sif;Murnfenf;/ vuf½Sdzqyvtpdk;& ajz½Sif;ouJhodkY ajz½Sif;rnf qdv k Qif ]'Dyyk x f u J 'Dy}J omjzpfrnf/ ausmif;om;qdo k nfrmS rdbjynfow l Ykd\ rw&m;zdEydS cf &H rI? pD;yGm;a&; tusyt f wnf; rajyvnfrIrsm;ay:wGif ¤if;wdkYxH wdkuf½dkufoufa&mufNyD; rauseyfrIrsm; yGifhtHxGufvmwwfonf/ xdkrauseyfrIrsm; rSwqifh qE´jyyGJrsm;? oydwfarSmufrIrsm; jzpfay:vmNyD; t½Sdefjrifhvmaomtcg vlxkyg0ifvmMuum wdkufyGJt½Sdef wjznf;jznf;jrifv h mNyD; ta&;awmfyt kH oGio f Ykd ul;ajymif;um ausmif;om;wdYk onf wyfO;D ae&mrS wjznf;jznf;aemufoYkd a&mufoGm;NyD; awmfvSefa&;orm;ESifh EdkifiHa&;orm;rsm;u acgif;aqmifrIae&m a&muf½Sdvmonfudk (1300) jynfhta&; awmfyHkwdkYu oufaocHaeonf/ ta&;awmfyu kH mv Mumjrifv h maomtcgwGif vdrm® ,Ofaus;ygonfqakd om Edik if BH uD;om;yDoygonfqakd om 'Drdkua&pDjynfh0ygonfqdkaom EdkifiHBuD;rsm;wGifawmifrS qlyltMurf;zuf vk,ufrIrsm; jzpfay:vmayonf/ xdktcg ta&;awmfyHkrS ta&;tcif;tjzpfodkY ul;ajymif;oGm;avonf/ ta&;tcif;odkY ul;ajymif;oGm;&jcif;rSm yg0ifaom vlwef;pm;tvTmrsm;\ tawGUtMuHK &ifu h surf rI ½Sjd cif;? jyifqifrt I m;enf;jcif;? qefYusicf &H aom tpd;k &\ aoG;cGrJ rI sm;? yÍörHwyfom;rsm;aMumifhvnf; yg0ifonf/ rnfodkYyifjzpfap ta&;awmfyHkESifh ta&;tcif;wdkY uGJjym;jcm;em;pGm od½SdNyD; ta&;awmfyHkwckudk atmifjrifpGm qifETJEdkif&eftwGuf tzufzufrS BudKwifjyifqifrIrsm; rsm;pGmvkdtyfayonf/ ed*;kH csKyf&vQif tpd;k &w&yfonf vlx\ k tusKd;pD;yGm;udk jynfph rkH eS u f efpmG razmfaqmifEikd af o;ygu vlxt k oH onf ausmif;om;xkxrH S yGit hf efxu G v f mayrnf/ xdYk aMumifh ausmif;om;vIy½f mS ;rIEiS hf vlxv k yI ½f mS ;rIonf jynfow l Ykd \ pm;0wfaea&; ajyvnfrIay:wGif rSDaeonf/ odkYaomf xdktcsufrSm tpdwftydkif; wckomvQif jzpfonf/ 'Drdkua&pDESifh vlUtcGifhta&; jynfh0rIESifhvnf; rsm;pGmoufqdkif aeayonf/ tpdk;&w&yfu ppfrSefaom 'Drdkua&pDESifh vlUtcGifhta&; jynfh0rIudk azmfaqmifEdkifygu ¤if;wdkYudk qefYusifa0zefwdkufcdkufrIrsm; wjznf;jznf;avsmhenf; oGm;Edkifonf/ ausmif; om;xkbufuvnf; tESprf ygaom vIy½f mS ;rIrsm;udk azmfaqmifay;rnfh vuf½t dS pd;k & arG;jrLxm;onfh ausmif;om;rsm; \ vkyfaqmifrIudk owdxm;&ef vdktyfayonf/ tpdk;&wdkif;onf wuúodkvfausmif;rsm;wGif ¤if;wdkY\ vl,Hkrsm;arG; onfrmS tpOftqufyifjzpfonf/ wcgw&H ESp½f n S v f rsm; tkycf sKyfvakd om tpd;k &onf taMumif;jycsuf &½S&d eftwGuf jynfwGif; rNidrfoufrIrsm;udk zefwD;avh½Sdonf/ xdktcgrsKd;wGif wuúodkvfausmif;rsm;ü ¤if;wdkYarG;jrLxm;aom vl,Hk rsm;rSwqifh vnf;aumif;? ¤if;wdkY\ vufudkifwkwf tmPmydkif? ykvdyf? ppfwyf? &JwdkYudk toHk;jyKí vnf;aumif; rNidrfoufap&ef zefwD;avh½Sdonf/ xdkrNidrfoufrIrsm;udk taMumif;jyí vuf½Sdtpdk;&onf Mum½SnfpGm tcsdefqGJí tkyfcsKyfEdkifonf/ ausmif;om;xkwdkYonf trSm;ESifhtrSef? w&m;rIESifh zdESdyfrI? rw&m;Oya'ESifh vdktyfaom pnf;urf; Oya'rsm;udk cGjJ cm;Edik &f ef ta&;BuD;ayonf/ ausmif;om;xkta&;ESihf trsK;d om;a&; tESpo f m&udk wdu k yf yJG pkH H tedrt hf jrif?h tuefYtowfjzifh qifETJEdkif&ef ta&;BuD;ayonf/

438

Nidrf;csrf;a&; 'Drdkua&pDa&;BudK;yrf;rI - 1954 rS 1955 - 'Drdkua&pDa&; ausmif;om;xknDñGwfa&; trsKd;om;a&;toGif

wwd,tBurd f ArmEdik if v H ;kH qdik &f mausmif;om;or*¾rsm;tzJUG csKyf nDvmcHBu;D 1954 ck Zefe0g&Dv (1 - 3) &uf wuúodkvf&dyfomvrf;? a0VK0efausmif;wdkuf

Source: ASO's Burma's Student Movement (DtKTT)

wwd,tBurd af jrmuf Auorsm;tzJcYG sKyf nDvmcHBu;D [k jrefrm-t*Fvyd f ESpb f momjzifU wzufwcsupf w D iG f a&;om;vrf;ñTex f m;aom a0VK0efausmif; t0if0

439

jrefrmEdkifiHausmif;om;vIyf&Sm;rIordkif; - atmifxGef;

Ouú| udak Zmf0if; rdechf eG ;f ajymaepOf

udpk ;kd ode;f rdechf eG ;f ajymaepOf (vuf0zJ ufwiG x f ikd af eolrmS udck ifarmifO;D twGi;f a&;rSL;jzpfNy;D ? obmywdtrnf rod)

udt k ek ;f armif rdechf eG ;f ajymaepOf (xdik af eolrmS udak Zmf0if;jzpfonf)

nDv440 mcH tpnf;ta0;

rdechf eG ;f ajymol- trnfrod (xdik af eolrmS udak Zmf0if;jzpfonf)

Source: ASO's Burma's Student Movement (DtKTT)

udpk ed 0f if; (vuf0JbufwGif xdkifaeol) udk,fpm;vS,fcefhtyfvTmrsm; ppfaq;Ny;D nDvmcHwufa&muforl sm;\ wHqyd rf sm; xkwaf y;aepOf

Nidrf;csrf;a&; 'Drdkua&pDa&;BudK;yrf;rI - 1954 rS 1955 - 'Drdkua&pDa&; ausmif;om;xknDñGwfa&; trsKd;om;a&;toGif

nDvmcH tpnf;ta0;

tpnf;ta0;&yfem;csed f (aY½q S ;kH rSvrl mS &efuek cf ½kid af usmif;om;rsm;or*¾-&uo rS udak rmifarmifcifjzpfonf)

eH&u H yf owif;vTmrsm;

nDvmcH\ owif;ESijUf yefMum;a&;Xme (þtaqmuftOD;xJwiG f aMunm pmwrf;tp½So d nfwu hkd kd ½ku d Ef ydS cf o UJ nf)

Source: ASO's Burma's Student Movement (DtKTT)

441 xrif;pm;onfZU &yf

tpnf;ta0;usi;f yonfU Z&yfwiG f ud, k pf m;vS,rf sm; ntdyMf upOf

jrefrmEdkifiHausmif;om;vIyf&Sm;rIordkif; - atmifxGef;

tpnf;ta0;&yfem;csdefwGif tif;vsm;uefzuf vrf;avQmufMupOf (0JrS,m)trnfrod? udak usmo f mxGe;f ? udpk ;kd ode;f ? udak Zmf0if;? udak tmifMunf

xrif;pm;MupOf

f mxGe;f ? vuf0zJ ufwiG f xrif;pm;MupOf (vSnMUf unfaU eolrmS udak usmo ZvHu k ikd x f m;olrmS udv k aS qmifjzpfonf)

f us0Ð wfxm;olrmS udv k aS qmifjzpfonf) xrif;pm;MupOf (ukwt

udo k ufÄ - Auorsm;tzGcYJ sKy\ f Ouú|tjzpf aemufq;kH aqmif½u G cf o UJ jl zpfNy;D 1962 ckEpS f 442 aemufyikd ;f wGif Auyodhk awmcdo k mG ;Ny;D awmwGi;f wae&mü usq;kH oGm;onf/

Source: ASO's Burma's Student Movement (DtKTT)

&efuek Nf rKd Y ü tpnf;ta0; jyifqifaqmif½u G f olrsm; &yfaeolrsm; (0Jr, S mod)hk - udjk rifo U ed ;f ? udpk ed 0f if;? udw k ifatmif-&uo? trnfrod/ xdik af eolrsm; (0Jr, S mod)hk - udak rmifarmifñeG hf (rif;vSñGefhMuL;)? udkoufÄ (&uo)? udak usmo f mxGe;f ? trnfrod/

Nidrf;csrf;a&; 'Drdkua&pDa&;BudK;yrf;rI - 1954 rS 1955 - 'Drdkua&pDa&; ausmif;om;xknDñGwfa&; trsKd;om;a&;toGif

ausmif;om;nDñw G af &; wyfO;D wGif yg0ifvyI &f mS ;cJo h rl sm;

yif;,ausmif;aqmif (0Jr, S m) xdik af eolrsm;^aY½w S ef;- udak tmifMunf? udv k aS qmif\tudk (trnfrod)? aemufwef;- udt k ek ;f armif? udx k eG ;f MunfÄ? udpk ;kd ode;f ? trnfrod/ &yfaeolrsm;- trnfrod? udck spNf rKd i?f udw k ifa½T? udpk ed 0f if;? udak rmifarmifñeG ?hf trnfrod? udn k Kd 0if;? udo k mbef;Ä? trnfrod/

Source: ASO's Burma's Student Movement (DtKTT)

yif;,ausmif;aqmif aY½w S ef;- udak tmifMunf? udak usmo f mxGe;f ? trnfrod? udjk rifo U ed ;f / aemufwef;- udpk ed 0f if;? udx k eG ;f Munf? udt k ek ;f armif? trnfrod/ 0JzufoHpumysufpD;aejcif;rSm atmufygtaMumif;aMumifhjzpfonf/ ,cifu þ0ifaygufwGif oHpumrsm;? oHbm*smwHcg;rsm; r½SdcJhbJ (atmufwdkbmausmif;wv ydwfa&;vIyf½Sm;rIaemufydkif;[k ,lq&onf/) tcsdefrS pwifwyfqifcJhonf/ ¤if;aemufuefYuGufyJG wckwGif ausmif;om;rsm; zsufpD;cJhMuonf/ udkombef;Ä- &cdkiftrsKd;om; wOD;jzpfNyD; 1988 aemufydkif; jynfaxmifpkwdkif;&if;om;vlrsKd;rsm;'Drdkua&pDtzGJYcsKyf (,lteft,fvf'D) \ wdkif;&if;om;vlrsKd;pka&;&maumfrwD0ifESifh vkyfief;aumfrDwD0ifjzpfonf/ yxrtBudrf 1991 rS 1995 txd axmifcscH&onf/ ,ckpmtkyfjyKpk&mwGif ulnDcJhrIjzifh 1998 wGif tzrf;cH&NyD; (6) ESpftMum 2004 ck ZlvdkifvwGif axmifrS jyefvGwfvmonf/ udkxGef;MunfÄ- 1963 jynfwGif;Nidrf;csrfa&;aqG;aEG;yJGysufNyD;aemufydkif; AuyodkYawmcdkoGm;onf/ awmwGif;usqHk;onf/

443

jrefrmEdkifiHausmif;om;vIyf&Sm;rIordkif; - atmifxGef;

yif;,ausmif;qmifEiS Uf ppfuikd ;f aqmifMum; (0Jr, S m) a½Sw Y ef;- udpk ed 0f if;? udak tmifMunf? tjcm;olrsm;trnfrod

yif;,aqmifEiS Uf ppfuikd ;f aqmifMum; (0JrS,m) udak Zmf0if;? udw k ifa½T? udck spo f ed ;f OD; (pDwt D )kd ? udAk aqGav; udkwifa½T (rHk½Gmwifa½T)- tJeft,fvf'D A[kdOD;pD;tzGJY0ifESifh rEÅav;wdkif;wm0efcHjzpfNyD; 1990 Edk0ifbmwGif tzrf;cH&NyD; axmif'Pf (19) ESpf csrSwfjcif;cH&onf/ 8? 6? 97 &ufaeY touf(76) ESpf t½G,fwGif uG,fvGefonf/

444

Source: Burma's Student Movement (DrKTT)

yif;,aqmiftwGi;f udak usmo f mxGe;f aecJah om S m) tcef;aY½w S iG f (0Jr, udjk rifo h ed ;f ? udv k aS qmif? udpk ;kd ode;f ? udv k aS qmif\tudk

Nidrf;csrf;a&; 'Drdkua&pDa&;BudK;yrf;rI - 1954 rS 1955 - 'Drdkua&pDa&; ausmif;om;xknDñGwfa&; trsKd;om;a&;toGif

ppfuikd ;f aqmifEiS Uf reD;ra0;wGif (0Jr, S m) trnfrod? udn k Kd 0if;? udv k aS qmif? udak usmo f mxGe;f ? udkausmfvdIif udn k Kd 0if;- 88 aemufydkif; jynfolYwdk;wufa&;ygwD\ wJGzuf twGif;a&;rSL;? 'Drdkua&pDr[mrdwfrsm;tzGJUcsKyf\ twGif; a&;rSL;jzpfNyD; ppftkyfpk\ zrf;qD;n§Of;yrf;ESdyfpufrIaMumifh 1990 ckESpf? rwfv (8) &ufaeY touf (60) t½G,fwGif tif;pdefaxmifaq;½HkwGif aoqHk;cJhonf/ udak usmv f iId -f jynfolYwdk;wufa&;ygwDtzGJU0ifjzpfNyD; tif;pdef axmifü tusOf;uscHae&qJjzpfonf/ udak usmo f mxGe;f - a'gufwmausmo f mxGe;f onf 29? 12? 2000 ckESpfwGif *smrPDEdkifiHwGif uG,fvGefonf/

S m) yif;,aqmifwiG f (0Jr, trnfrod? udx k eG ;f Munf? udv k aS qmif

Source: Burma's Student Movement (DrKTT)

Auorsm;tzGcYJ sKyt f wGuf iSm;xm;cJah omoGww f rJ mS *syq f ifaumvdyEf iS hf rsuEf mS csi;f qdik f jynfvrf;wzufwiG f ½Scd o hJ nf/ (0Jr, S m) udkwifa½T (rHk½Gm)? udkpdef0if; (xm;0,f) udkpdef0if;- EdkifiHwuma&;&m t,f'DwmcsKyf 1988 Mo*kwfvqef;wGif &efukefNrdKYwGif uG,f 445 vGefonf/

jrefrmEdkifiHausmif;om;vIyf&Sm;rIordkif; - atmifxGef;

udkouf

udAk aqGav;

udak rmifarmifñeG hf (rif;vSñeG Mhf uL;)

udpk ed 0f if;

OD;ndK0if;

OD;ausmo f mxGe;f

OD;ombef;

OD;vSa½T

udkvSa½T- aemufqHk; Auorsm;tzGJUcsKyf (62) twGif;a&;rSL;tzGJU0if? 1988 ckESpfaemufydkif;wGif jynfolYwdk;wufa&;ygwD taxGaxGtwGif;a&;rSL;? ,ckpmtkyf a&;om;&mwGif ulnDcJhojzifh 1998 ckESpfwGif tzrf;cH&NyD; o&ufaxmifrS 2005 ck? Zlvdkifv (6) &ufaeYwGif jyefvGwfvmonf/ axmif (6) Budrf uscJhNyD;? (24) ESpfausmfcefY axmifwGif;b0 jzwfoef;cJh&onf/

Source: (left-right/ top-bottom) Oway, Oway, ASO, ASO, GovtPub, DrTheinLwin, AAPPB, APPB, KTT, KTT

wuúov kd "f r®m½kaH ½Sw Y iG f udak Zmf0if; rdecYf eG ;f ajymMum;aepOf

446

*syq f ifaumvdyf taqmuftOD;wGif tpnf;ta0;wckvyk af epOf tpnf;a0;acwÅem;csed f udt k ek ;f armif (rsuEf mS csi;f qdik )f ESiUf udak tmifbef; (wd;k wuf^ausmay;xm;ol) pum;ajymqdak eMupOf

Nidrf;csrf;a&; 'Drdkua&pDa&;BudK;yrf;rI - 1954 rS 1955 - 'Drdkua&pDa&; ausmif;om;xktcGifUta&;umuG,fa&; trsKd;om;a&;toGif

tcef; (17) Nird ;f csr;f a&; 'Dru kd a&pDa&;BuKd ;yrf;rI 'Dru kd a&pDa&; ausmif;om;xktcGifhta&;umuG,fa&;ESifh trsK;d om;a&;toGif ausmif;om;vIy&f mS ;rIordik ;f (1954 rS 1955)

(u) 1954-55 wuoa&G;aumufyGJ 1954-55 ckEpS f wuoa½G;aumufyu JG kd wuúov kd t f mPmydik rf sm;\ tultnDjzifh usif;ycJo h nf/ xdEk pS w f iG f ausmif;om;wdkif;onf wuotoif;0if jzpfvmonf/ a'gufwmomvS\ tultnDvnf; trsm;BuD;ygcJhonf/ xdEk pS f wuowGif wyfO;D onf wOD;wnf;NydKifae&ovdk jzpfaeonf/ a½G;aumufyw JG iG f Ouú|tjzpf wyfO;D rS ta½G;cHEikd f ol r½SdcJhyg/ oefY½Sif;tiftm;pkrS udkwifxGef;udk pOf;pm;cJh&onf/ xdkESpf wuoa½G;aumufyGJwGif wyfOD;udk,fpm;vS,f tm;vHk; ta½G;cH&onf/

(c) 1954-55 wuotrIaqmiftzGJU udkwifxGef; (oefY½Sif;)

Ouú|

(aemif pdkufysKd;a&bPf? vufaxmufrefae*sm^ tmwD;,m;) udkeefZifvm (ucsif ) 'k-Ouú| (aemif A[dkw&m;½Hk;a½SUae) udkwifxGef; (ewfarmuf) taxGaxGtwGif;a&;rSL; (o[m,ESifh pmzwftoif; tzGJUcsKyf? twGif;a&;rSL;a[mif;? ausmif;wESpfxkwfcH&ol) udkoef;wif aiGxdef; (aemif A[dkw&m;½Hk;a½SUae) udkwifa½T trIaqmifrsm; (aemif A[dkw&m;½Hk;a½SUae) udkpdef0if; (xm;0,f) pmMunfhwdkufrSL; (aemif EdkifiHwuma&;&m t,f'DwmcsKyf) udkcifarmiftkef; t,f'Dwm (tdk;a0r*¾Zif; t,f'Dwm) udkwifxGef; (&cdkif) trIaqmif (ausmif;om;rsm;oufomacsmifcsda&;Xme? 0ga,m) udkarmufZif (½Srf;) wGJzuftwGif;a&;rSL; (owif;ESifh jyefMum;a&;wm0efcH) 447

jrefrmEdkifiHausmif;om;vIyf&Sm;rIordkif; - atmifxGef; udkapm½Sm;vrdefvS udk0if;xG#f

wGJzuftwGif;a&;rSL; wGJzuftwGif;a&;rSL;

(EdkifiHjcm;qufoG,fa&;wm0efcH) (vlxkqufoG,fa&;ESifh aygif;oif;qufqHa&;Xme)

(*) wuo aiG&wkobif 1954-55 ckEpS f ynmoifEpS rf mS wuo (25) ESpf oufwrf;jynfah omESpf jzpfonf/ xkYd aMumifh wuoaiG&wk obifudk wuúodkvfe,fajrwGif NcdrfhNcdrfhoJ usif;yEdkifcJhonf/ wyfOD;atmifyGJESifh wuo aiG&wkobifudk NcdrfhNcdrfhoJ usif;yEdik cf o hJ nf/ wuo aiG&wkobifrmS wuúov kd ef ,fajrwGif 'kw, d tBudrf ausmif;om;yGaJ wmf jzpfonf/ 195253 ckESpf wdk;wufwdkYta½G;cH&pOf yxrtBudrfausmif;om;yGJawmf usif;ycJhonf/ wdk;wufwjzpfvJ wyfOD;wdkY\pnf;½Hk; a&; ydrk u kd s,fjyefYvmonf/ aiG&wkobif usif;yEdik í f ausmif;om;wdYk \ axmufyrHh I ydrk &kd ½Sv d mum wuo tcef;u@ ydkrdk jrifhrm;vmonf/ wyfOD;pnf;½Hk;a&;tm; ydkrdkaumif;vmonf/ wuo aiG&wkobiftcrf;tem;zGifhyGJodkY 0efBuD;csKyf OD;Ekonf wuúov kd t f "dywdtaeESihf vnf;aumif;? wuoOuú|a[mif;taejzifh vnf;aumif; wufa&mufred Yf ceG ;f ajym Mum;cJhonf/ atmufwdkbmta&;aMumifh qdkif&mtmPmydkifrsm;ESifh ausmif;om;xktMum; txl;ojzifh wuowGif vuf½Sd acgif;aqmifrI&aeaom ausmif;om;tiftm;pkESifh wif;rmrIavsmhoGm;ap&ef ESpfzufpvHk;rS tm½HkpdkufcJhMuonf/ 0efBuD;csKyfO;D Ekonf tcrf;tem;wGif ausmif;om;tm;vH;k udk ausmif;vcvGwNf idr;f cGihf ay;oGm;onf/ wuúov kd af usmif; om;wa,muf wuoaMu; oHk;usyf? ausmif;om; rSwfyHkwifaMu; wusyfom xdkESpfu ay;cJh&onf/

(C) pwkw¦tBudrf ausmif;q&mrsm;toif; (&efukef)? ESpfywfvnfnDvmcH pwkwt ¦ Budrf ausmif;q&mrsm;toif; (&efuek )f nDvmcHukd A[dt k pd;k & txufwef;ausmif;wGif pufwifbm (11) &uf we*FaEGaeY 1954 ckESpfwGif usif;ycJhonf/ þtoif;BuD;udk 1953 ckESpf? pufwifbmv rwdkifrDwGif Ouú| q&mBuD;OD;boef;wif? twGif;a&;rSL; OD;atmifoef;wdkY vkyfudkifcJhonf/

(i) urÇmYausmif;om;or*¾aeh Edk0ifbmv (17) &ufaeYonf urÇmhausmif;om;rsm;aeYjzpfonf/ Armjynfausmif;om;aeY ('DZifbm 20 &uf? Adv k af tmifausmfusqH;k aeY) uJo h Ykd yif aoG;csif;eD&aJ omaeY jzpfonf/ þaeYwiG f y&wfNrdKUü ,leAD mpDwD ausmif;om; wdkYonf zufqpfpepftm; qefYusifonfh *sifhatmfyvDwJvf Jan Opletal* (aq;ausmif;om;tm;) owfjzwfypfonfh twGuf qE´jycJh&m *smrefzufqpfonf ausmif;om;acgif;aqmifrsm;tm; ypfowfjcif;? ajrmufrsm;pGmaom ya&mfzuf qmrsm;? ausmif;om;rsm;tm; emZDoHkYyef;pcef;odkY ydkYjcif;? wuúodkvfausmif;tm; ydwfcJhjcif;rsm; jyKvkyfcJhonf/ xdkYaMumifh urÇmt&yf&yf½Sd ausmif;om;wdkYonf Edk0ifbmv (17) &ufaeYa&mufvmvQif zufqpfpepftm; tNyD;wdkif acsrIef;a&;t"d|mefcsrSwfum urÇmhausmif;om;aeYudk usif;ycJhMuygonf/ þaeYudk urÇmhausmif;om;rsm; or*¾BuD; ay:aygufvmaomtcg urÇmhausmif;om;aeY[k owfrSwfcJhonf/

(p) oHk;cgus ausmif;xkwfpepfjyóem 'kwd,urÇmppfBuD; NyD;onfhaemuf &efukefwuúodkvfwGif ppfrwdkifrDu (2000) ausmf½Sd&mrS ppfBuD;tNyD;wGif (8000) ausmftxd jzpfvmonf/ xdktcsdef &efukefwuúodkvf vdktyfcsufrsm; tjrJay:aygufaeNyD; tusyftwnf;rsm; avsmhyg;oGm;onfr½Sd/ xdkodkY tusyftwnf; rjynfhpHkrIrsm;udk EdkifiHawmftpdk;&u axmufyHhaMu; ydkrdkay;jcif;? ynma&; &efyHkaiG wdk;wufoHk;pGJjcif;jzifh ajz½Sif;&rnfhtpm; wuúodkvfausmif;om; avsmhyg;oGm;ap&ef twef;ynm oifMum;ol OD;a& enf;ap&ef wuúodkvfpmar;yGJrsm; tust½IH; jyKvkyfcJhjcif;? wuúodkvf0ifpmar;yGJudk (7) wef;atmifrS ajz&rnf[k owfrSwfcJhjcif;? wuúokdvfwGif (3) cgusvQif ausmif;xGuf&rnf qdkaom (3) cgus ausmif;xkwfpepfudk 195455 ckESpfrS pwif usifhoHk;vmcJhonf/ xdkpepfaMumifh ausmif;om; &maygif;rsm;pGm wuúodkvfü ynmoifMum;cGifh r&bJ xGufcGmoGm;cJh&onf/ xkdpepfonf ynma&;tqifhjr§ifhwif&ef &nf½G,fcsuf r[kwfbJNote*-

448

The date commemorates the 1939 Nazi storming of the University of Prague after demonstrations against the killing of Jan Opletal* and the occupation of Czechoslovakia, and the execution of nine student leaders, over 1200 students sent to concentration camps, and the closing of all Czechoslovakian universities and colleges. The day was first marked in 1941 in London by the International Students' Council. (Wikipedia)

Nidrf;csrf;a&; 'Drdkua&pDa&;BudK;yrf;rI - 1954 rS 1955 - 'Drdkua&pDa&; ausmif;om;xktcGifUta&;umuG,fa&; trsKd;om;a&;toGif (1) wuúodkvfwGif jzpfay:aeaom ausmif;om;rsm;\ tusyftwnf;udk rSm;,Gif;aom rw&m;enf;jzifh ajz½Sif;&ef jyKvkyfjcif;/ (2) ausmif;om; tcGifhta&;jzpfaom pmayoifMum;rIudk ydwfyifwm;qD;jcif; jzpfavonf/ þodYk (3) cguspepfonf wuúov kd w f iG jf zpfay:aeaom tusyt f wnf;udk rw&m;aomenf;jzifh ajz½Si;f jcif;? ausmif;om;tcGit hf a&;udk ydwyf ifwm;qD;jcif;jzpfonft h wGuf wuúov kd af usmif;om;or*¾ wuoonf ausmif;om; xkbufrS rm;rm;rwfrwf&yfum 1955 ckESpfrS pwifí (3) cgus ausmif;xkwfpepftwGuf wdkufzsufcJhavonf/

pmar;yGJcs? ausmif;xkwfpepfudk uefhuGufMuavmU uReaf wmfwYkd onf &efuek w f uúov kd af usmif;om;^olrsm;ESihf Armjynfw0Sr;f vH;k rS ausmif;om;^olrsm; jzpfyg onf/ uRefawmfwdkY tkyfxdef;olESifh rdbrsm;u todynmzGHUNzdK;wdk;wufa&; twwfynmwckjzifh toufarG;0rf; ausmif;um wdkif;jynfwm0ef xrf;aqmifEdkifa&;twGuf pD;yGm;a&; usyfwnf;rIcHpm;&onfh Mum;rSyif aumvdyf? wuúodkvfrsm;? txufwef;? tv,fwef;? rlvwef;ausmif;rsm;odkY apvTwfí ynm½SmrDS;apcJhygonf/ 'kw, d urÇmppfBuD;rwdik rf u D qdv k Qif ynmwwfaygrsm;NyD;? wdik ;f jynftm; jr§iw hf ifEikd &f eftwGuf ynma&;udk tm;ay;Muyg[lí wpmpmatmf[pfcg om;orD;rsm;udk ausmif;odYk apvTw&f ef wdu k w f eG ;f cJMh uonf/ ,ck ppfNyD;acwf üum; uReaf wmfwYkd\ rdbrsm;jzpfaom jynfov l x k Bk uD;\ todÓPfonf wd;k jr§iv hf mcJyh gonf/ rdrw d Ykd\ om;orD; rsm;udk rwdkufwGef;&bJ rdrdwdkYudk,fydkiftodjzifh ausmif;odkYapvTwf ynmoifapcJhygonf/ xdkYaMumifhvnf; ppfrjzpf rDu ausmif;om; (2300) ½Sdaom &efukefwuúodkvfonf ,aeY ausmif;om; (8000) ausmftxd ½SdvmcJhayonf/ ppfrjzpfrDu Armjynfw0Srf;wGif ausmif;om; (3) odef;rS ,aeY (7) odef;txd½SdvmcJhygonf/ ,ckuJhodkY jynfolvl xkBuD;onf rdrw d Ykd \ wd;k wufvmaom todÓPfjzifh rdrw d Ykd om;orD;rsm;udk ausmif;rsm;odYk apvTwcf g ynm½SmrS;D apjcif;? ynma&;ü tm;ay;jcif;rsm;udk zqyvtpdk;&onf wu,fwrf; wdkif;jynf wdk;wufBuD;yGm;rI? wdkif;jynf todÓPfzGHUNzdK;rIudk tvdk½SdygvQif 0rf;ajrmuf0rf;ompGmvufcHí ynma&;udk tm;ay;ulnD&rnf jzpfonf/ Armjynfw0Srf;vHk;wGif wuúodkvf? aumvdyf? txufwef;ausmif;rsm; wdk;csJUaqmufvkyfjcif;? oifMum; jyornfh t&nftcsif;jynfh q&m? q&mrrsm;&½SdEdkif&ef q&mrsm;\ vpmwdk;jr§ifhí vHkavmufpGm ½SmazGcefYtyfjcif;? ausmif;oH;k y&dabm*rsm; zlvakH p&eftwGuf zefw;D ay;jcif;rsm; jyKvky&f ayrnf/ txl;ojzifh wdik ;f jynf\ toH;k p&dwf wGif ynma&;p&dwfwdk;jr§ifhjcif;jzifh wuúodkvfaxmufyHhjcif;udk ydkrdkjyKvkyfay;&ayrnf/ odYkaomf zqyvqd½k , S v f pftpd;k &onf þodYkwikd ;f jynfw;kd wufBuD;yGm;&m? vlx\ k todÓPf zGUH NzdK;wd;k wuf a&;twGuf ynma&;toHk;p&dwfudk wdk;jr§ifh&rnfhtpm; rdrdwdkYtmPmcdkifjrJa&;? &mxl;wnfwHha&;twGuf zdESdyfrI tcsuftcsmjzpfaom ppfwyfrsm;wdk;csJUjcif;? ykvdyfrsm;wdk;csJUjcif;? Oya' tusOf;Xme ponfwdkY wdk;csJUjcif;? ppf? ykvdyf? Oya'ponfh toHk;p&dwfrsm; jr§ifhwifay;cJhavonf/ ,aeYvuf½Sd tajctaewGif zqyv tpdk;&tzdkY pD;yGm;a&;tusyftwnf; qdu k af &mufcahJ vonf/ þodYk tusyftwnf; qdu k af &muf&jcif;rSm Armjynf\ pD;yGm;a&; pepfonf vGwv f yfrrI ½Sb d J e,fcsJUorm;tm; vH;k 0rScD t kd m;xm; ae&aomaMumifh jzpfonf/ ,aeY pD;yGm;a&;tusyft wnf;udk ajz½Sif;vdkvQif e,fcsJUorm;wdkY\ avmif;&dyfrS vGwfvyfaom pD;yGg;a&;pepfudk xlaxmifrSjzpfrnf/ odkYaomf zqyvonf e,fcsJUorm;tm; vHk;0rSDcdktm;xm;ae&aom ,ckvuf½Sd pD;yGm;a&; pepfa[mif;BuD;udkyif rGrf;rHusm;uefvsuf ½Sdayonf/ ,ck jzpfay:aeaom pD;yGm;a&; tusyftwnf; 0efxkyf0efydk;udk vlxktay: yHck saeayonf/ tvkyo f rm;vcrsm; avQmyh pfjcif;? ½Sm;yg;p&dwrf sm; jzwfawmufjcif;? tcGet f wkwrf sm; ydrk akd umufcH jcif;? aps;EIe;f rsm; aps;BuD;jrifah pjcif;wdYk jyKvkyv f suf ½So d nf/ ynma&;avmuwGiv f nf; tvkyo f rm; avmuenf; wl ynma&;toH;k p&dwu f kd qGcJ sum ausmif;om;rsm;tay: yHck scJah yonf/ ,aeYwuúov kd üf qdv k Qif ,cif axmufyhH aMu;ay;aom ausmif;om;tm;vHk;udk axmufyHhaMu;&yfpJjcif; jyKvkyfcJhayonf/ þodYk ynma&;toH;k p&dwf avQmhcsjcif;jzifh ausmif;taqmuftODrsm;udk wd;k csJUraqmufEidk jf cif;? ausmif;t a&twGuf avQmhypfjcif;? ausmif;oH;k y&dabm*rsm; r0,fEikd jf cif;wdYk awGUMuHKvm&aomtcg ausmif;wGif ausmif;om; rsm; avsmhoGm;ap&efrSm ausmif;udkydwfívnf; rjzpfEdkifojzifh tjcm; rw&m;aom enf;vrf;rsm; wqifhNyD;wqifh vkyfvmMuonf/ &efuek w f uúov kd Ef iS hf aumvdyrf sm;wGif pmar;yGrJ sm;udk Oypmtxufwef;pmar;yG?J bDattxufwef;pmar; 449

jrefrmEdkifiHausmif;om;vIyf&Sm;rIordkif; - atmifxGef; yGJrsm;om wuúodkvfpwnfpuyif tpdk;&ppfpmar;yGJrsm; jyKvkyfcJhygvsufESifh 1951-52 ckESpfwGif twef;wdkif;ü Oypm yxrESpf? 'kwd,ESpf? bDat yxrESpf? 'kwd,ESpfwdkif;wGif tpdk;&ppfpmar;yGJrsm; jyKvkyf&ef jyifqifcJhNyD; pmar;yGJusolrsm;udk (undesirable elements) rvdkvm;tyfolrsm;[k orkwfum xkwfypf&ef MuH½G,fcJhavonf/ xdpk Ofu ausmif;om;xk\ wGe;f uefcsufaMumifyh ifvQif pmar;yGpJ epfuo kd m ajymif;vJEikd Nf yD; ausmif;rxkwf Edik f jzpf&ayonf/ twef;wdik ;f wGif pmar;yGpJ pfum ausmif;om;rsm; txufwef;rsm;odYk ra&mufatmif wjznf;jznf; MuHaqmifcJhNyD; 1954-55 ckESpfwGif (3) cgus ausmif;om;rsm;tm; ausmif;aqmif aecGifhray;jcif; jyKusifhcJh&mrS 1955 ckESpf ESpfukefwGif (3) cgus ausmif;om;rsm;tm; ausmif;xkwfcJhavonf/ þodkY (3) cgus ausmif;xkwf pepfudk aq;odyÜHwGifvnf; usifhoHk;vmcJhayonf/ ,aeYtxdqdkvQif ausmif;om;trsm; ausmif;xkwfjcif; cHae& ayNyD/ txufwef;? tv,fwef;? rlvwef;rsm;wGif pmar;yGJjyKvkyfaomtcg pmar;yGJcspepfudk wjznf;jznf; oGwo f iG ;f cJo h nf/ 1952-53 ckEpS w f iG f ausmif;rsm;ü r½Scd b hJ ;l aom owårwef;? pwkww ¬ ef;pmar;yGrJ sm;udk tpd;k &ppf jyKvkyfvmNyD; owårwef;wGif (60) &mcdkifEIef;atmif&mrS ,aeY (30) &mcdkifEIef;om atmifjrifjcif;? pwkw¬wef;wGif (80) &mcdkifEIef;atmif&mrS ,aeY (40) &mcdkifEIef;om atmifjrifjcif;rsm; awGU&ayonf/ wuúodkvfüvnf; ,aeY atmifjrifaom ausmif;om;OD;a&rSm ,cifuxuf avsmhenf;vmcJhonfudk awGU&onf/ þtaMumif;t&mrsm;udk Munfhjcif;tm;jzifh tpdk;&onf pmppfXmersm;wGif pGufzufcg ausmif;om;OD;a&udk avsmhcsypfaeonf/ wuúodkvfpmar;yGJrsm;wGifvnf; ppfBuD;tNyD;ü (46) &mcdkifEIef; atmifjrifcJhaomfvnf; ,aeY (11.42) &mcdik Ef eI ;f om atmifjrifcahJ wmhonf/ ,aeYqv kd Qif wuúov kd 0f ifpmar;yGu J kd ESpq f ifjh yKvyk Mf u&ef pDpOfMujyefawmhonf/ pmar;yGcJ sausmif;xkwo f nfph epfukd ,aeYArmjynfynma&;avmuodYk oGwo f iG ;f í wuúov kd rf sm;? aumvdyf rsm;ürl pmar;yGJ (3) cgus ausmif;xkwfrnf[k twdtusjyKvkyfum xkwfypfaeaomfvnf; txufwef;ausmif; rsm;ürl ajAmifrvkyfao;bJ pmar;yGJusolrsm;udk cdk;aMumifcdk;0Suf rodrom rw&m;ausmif;xkwfvsuf ½Sdonf/ &efuek Nf rdKU? A[dt k pd;k &txufwef;ausmif;wGif ausmif;om; (200) eD;yg;rQ ausmif;xkwyf pfjcif;cH&onf/ uefawmf av;tpd;k &wef;jr§iahf usmif; ausmif;om;? ausmif;olrsm; vdu k ef m&efpnf;urf;rsm;\ tcsuf (4) csufwiG f ausmif;ü pmar;yGJ (3) cgusvQif þausmif;wGif ynmqufvuf oifMum;cGifhrjyK[k twdtvif;qdkxm;ayonf/ þodkY ausmif;om;rsm;tm; tpdk;&onf ¤if;wdkY\ ynma&;toHk;p&dwf avQmhvdkrIaMumifh ausmif;xkwfypf jcif;? ausmif;om;avQmhypfjcif;rsm; jyKrlcahJ omfvnf; wzufrS ausmif;om;rsm; nHzh sif;íjzpfonf[k toHaumif;[pf a
Nidrf;csrf;a&; 'Drdkua&pDa&;BudK;yrf;rI - 1954 rS 1955 - 'Drdkua&pDa&; ausmif;om;xktcGifUta&;umuG,fa&; trsKd;om;a&;toGif &ef rnfrQtm;xkwf&onfudk ,aeY ajrmufrsm;pGmaom tvGwfynmoifausmif;rsm;wGif aeYnrtm; avhvm qnf;yl;ae&jcif;uyif ausmif;om;rsm; rysif;jcif;udk oufaojyaeacsonf/ ,ckuJhodkY ausmif;om;rsm; ausmif;rsm;wGif avsmhyg;atmif jyKvkyfjcif;onf ,aeYwdkif;jynf\ jyefvnf xlaxmifa&;wGif vdt k yfaom ynmonfrsm; ,kwaf vsmhjcif;? wdik ;f jynfwiG f todÓPfw;kd wufa&;wdYk tm; aESmifah ES; MuHaqmifjcif;wdkYudk tpdk;&onf um,uHajrmuf jyKrljcif;yif jzpf\/ ,ckuJhodkY ausmif;om;rsm;tm; pmar;yGJcsumausmif;xkwfonfhpepf oGwfoGif;um pmayqufvuf oif Mum;cGifh ray;jcif;onf EdkifiHol? EdkifiHom;wdkif; ynmoifMum;cGifh ½Sdap&rnf[laom tcsufudk azsmufzsufjcif; jzpf½Hkomru vlwdkif;ynmoifMum;cGifh &½Sdrnf[laom vlrItcGifhta&;ydwfyifjcif;vnf; jzpfayonf/ ausmif;ol^om;taygif;wdkhzqyvwdYk onf ,ckuo hJ Ykd aiGtusyt f wnf;? 0efxw k 0f efy;kd udk ausmif;om;xktay:csum ausmif;om;rsm; tm; pmar;yGJcs ausmif;xkwf½HkrQru wzufrSvnf; 'Drdkua&pDtcGifhta&;rsm;jzpfaom or*¾tzGJUrsm; zGJUpnf;cGifhudk ydwfyifjcif;? ausmif;om;opömazmuf 'Dtufpftdkrsm; arG;jrLaoG;cGJapjcif;? zdESdyfrIrsm;udkyg jyKusifhvsuf ½Sdayonf/ þuJhodkY pmar;yGJcs? ausmif;xkwfjcif;? tcGifhta&;ydwfjcif;? 'Dtufpftdkrsm;udk ajr§mufyifhay;cg ausmif;om;xk nDñGwfa&;tm; NzdKcGJaeonfrsm;udk ausmif;om;xkBuD;w&yfvHk; nDñGwfpGm vufwGJumuG,fMu&ef EId;aqmftyfyg aMumif;/ NrdKYrd? NrdKYzESifU jynfolvlxkBuD; cifAsm;,aeYausmif;om;rsm;tm; pmar;yGJcsum ausmif;xkwfypfonfhta&;onf ausmif;om;ta&; oufouf omr[kwf? Armjynf\ wdk;wufBuD;yGm;a&;? EdkifiH\ta&;? wjynfvHk;ta&; jzpfygonf/ rdrdwdkY\ &ifaoG;rsm;\ xm0pOfta&;vnf;jzpfay&m usaemfwdkY ausmif;om;rsm;ESifh twlyg0if ulnDaqmif½Gufum zqyv qdk½S,fvpf tpd;k &\ rw&m;pmar;yGcJ sí ausmif;xkwo f nfh pepfukd ,aeYArmjynfynma&;xJoYkd usio hf ;kH vmjcif;tm; umuG,f Mu&ef arwåm&yfcHtyfygaMumif;/ - wuúodkvfpmar;yGJ (3) cguspepfudk y,fzsufavmU - wuúodkvf0ifpmar;yGJwGif csypfjcif; &yfqdkif;avmU - pmar;yGJcsí ausmif;xkwfpepfudk zsufodrf;avmU - ynma&;toHk;p&dwf wdk;jr§ifhavmU - ynma&;pepfudk topfjyifavmU - pD;yGm;a&;pepfudk topfjyifavmU &efukefwuúodkvfausmif;om;rsm;or*¾ (wuo) &efukefc½dkifvHk;qdkif&mausmif;om;rsm;or*¾ (&uo) ArmEdkifiHvHk;qdkif&mausmif;om;or*¾rsm;tzGJYcsKyf (Auorsm;tzGJYcsKyf) þodYk aMunmcsufrsm;jzifh xkwjf yefum (3) cgusausmif;xkwpf epfukd uefYuu G cf o hJ nf/ xdt k csdeu f zqyv tpdk;&onf ynma&;tay:wGif xm;½Sdaom oabmxm;rSm(1) 0g'jzefYa&;udkom t"duxm;jcif;? (2) ppfom;pkaqmif;a&;udkom t"duxm;jcif;? (3) ygwD0ifaumif;pm;a&;udkom t"duxm;jcif;? (4) tvkyfvufrJhjyóem rajz½Sif;Edkifjcif; tp½Sdaom taMumif;wdkYrS ay:aygufvmaom tusKd;oufa&muf rIrsm; jzpfonf/ xdkjyóemrsm; rajz½Sif;EdkifaomtcgwGif zqyvtpdk;&onf(1) wzufwGif ausmif;om;xktwGif;wGif wynfharG;í aoG;cGJapí? wzufrS tmPmESifhzdESdyfjcif; (2) pmar;yGJcsí ausmif;xkwfaejcif; (2) csufudk awGU&onf/ 1953 ckESpf? Mo*kwfv NrdKUawmfcef;rü usif;yaom zqyvtrwfaygif;pHk tpnf;ta0;wGif 0efBuD;OD;ausmf Nidr;f u 'Dtufpt f u kd kd zqyvu todtrSwjf yKonf/ uln&D rnf[k ajAmiftwdtvif; aMunmcJah yonf/ &efuek Nf rdKUwGif 'Dtufpt f rkd sm;udk oifwef;rsm;ay;cJo h nf/ Auorsm;tzGUJ csKyf taeESiv hf nf; txufygajz½Si;f yHu k kd vH;k 0oabmrwlay/ 451

jrefrmEdkifiHausmif;om;vIyf&Sm;rIordkif; - atmifxGef; ,ckjzpfay:aeaom ynma&;tusyftwnf;rS xGuf&mvrf;onf(1) toufarG;0rf;ausmif;ynmrsm; wdk;csJUtm;ay;jcif;? (2) ynma&;vGwfvyfcGifhay;í vuf½SdusifhoHk;aeaom ygwD0ifaumif;pm;a&;0g' pGefYvTwfjcif;? (3) ynma&;toHk;p&dwf 10% wdk;jr§ifhoHk;pGJapjcif;? (4) (3) wef;rSpí t*Fvdyfpmrsm; oifMum;jcif;rsm; jzpfayonf/ txufygtcsuf (4) csuf&½Sd&ef Auorsm;tzGJYcsKyfrS ta&;,laqmif½GufoGm;rnfjzpfaMumif;/ trIaqmiftzGYJ Auorsm;tzGJYcsKyf &efukefNrdKY ¤if;tjyif atmufyg Auorsm;tzGUJ csKyf\ aMunmcsuu f Mkd unfv h Qif zqyvtpd;k &\ zdEydS rf rI sm;udk xyfraH wGY &ayonf/

ausmif;om;rsm;cHpm;ae&onfU vGwfvyfa&;t&om ArmEdkifiHvHk;qdkif&mausmif;om;or*¾rsm;tzGJYcsKyf aMunmcsuf ArmEkid if o H nf jynfaxmifpo k r®wEdik if t H jzpf vGwv f yfa&;&cJo h nfrmS (8) ESpu f mvodYk wdik cf ahJ yNyD/ wm0ef t½SdqHk;aom zqyv qdk½S,fvpfwdkY\ EdkifiHtusKd;? jynfolvlxk vlwef;pm;tusKd;? vlrsKd;pktoD;oD;tusKd;wdkYtm; tb,frQ vkyfaqmifay;cJhonfudk jyefvnfqef;ppf&ef vdktyfayonf/ ausmif;om;rdbrsm;ESifh jynfolvlxkodkY ArmEdik if aH usmif;om;rsm; cHpm;ae&onfh (8) ESpw f m vGwv f yfa&;t&omudk ('Dru kd a&pDtcGit hf a&;tydik ;f rS) wifjy vdkuf&ayonf/ pmar;yGJcsí ausmif;xkwfcH&aom ausmif;om;rsm; (3) cgusausmif;xkwfpepf &efukefwuúodkvf (2000) ausmf (3) cgusausmif;xkwfpepf rEÅav;wuúodkvf (300) ausmf (3) cgusausmif;xkwfpepf armfvNrdKifOypmaumvdyf (15) ausmf (3) cgusausmif;xkwfpepf txufwef;ausmif;rsm; (200) ausmf (&efukef A[dktpdk;&txufwef;ausmif; tygt0if) wuúodkvf pmar;yGJrS (2) ESpfy,fjcif; ('Dbm;) ESifh ausmif;xkwfcH&olrsm; (198) a,muf wuúodkvf atmufwdkbmausmif;wvydwfa&;ESifhywfoufí ausmif;xkwfcH&olrsm; &moufyefausmif;xkwfcH&olrsm; - (49) OD; ESpftydkif;tjcm; - (22) OD; (19) vMum tzrf;cH&olrsm; - (16) OD; 0&rf;xkwfxm;jcif;cH&olrsm; - (2) OD; ausmif;om;or*¾zGJYpnf;í ausmif;xkwfcH&olrsm; ajrmif;jr (5) a,muf jrif;jcH (1) a,muf tdrfrJ (3) a,muf ewfarmuf (9) a,muf BudKUyifaumuf (2) a,muf ppfawG (1) a,muf 452

Nidrf;csrf;a&; 'Drdkua&pDa&;BudK;yrf;rI - 1954 rS 1955 - 'Drdkua&pDa&; ausmif;om;xktcGifUta&;umuG,fa&; trsKd;om;a&;toGif vuf½Sd rw&m;vkyfMuHtzrf;cHae&aom ausmif;om;rsm; wuo BudKUyifaumuf? rEÅav; &moufyef rw&m;ausmif;xkwfcH&ol? &efukefNrdKUrausmif; -

(3) OD; (1) OD; trIaqmiftzGYJ Auorsm;tzGJYcsKyf

þodkYjzifh (3) cgus ausmif;xkwfpepfudk ausmif;om;xktpnf;ta0;yGJBuD;rsm;? vSnfhvnfyGJrsm; jyKvkyfí vnf;aumif;? ausmif;om;rsm;xH qE´jyvufrw S af umufcí H vnf;aumif;? ausmif;om;rsm; rJqE´ay;yGJ usif;yjyKvkyí f vnf;aumif; (3) cguspepf zsuford ;f a&;twGuf awmif;qdw k u kd yf 0JG ifcMhJ uonf/ vlxt k oif;tzGUJ ? owif;pm ud, k pf m; vS,frsm;tm; zdwfac:í vnf;aumif;? owif;q&mrsm; uGefz&ifhvkyfí vnf;aumif;? ygvDreftrwfrsm; zdwfac:í vnf;aumif; wifjyum (3) cgusausmif;xkwfpepfudk jynfolwdkYxHodkY wifjycJhayonf/ þuJhodkY ausmif;om;xk\ wnDwñGwfwnf; qE´jyawmif;qdkjcif;? rdbjynfolrsm; axmufcHrI&½Sdjcif;ESifh wuo udk,fpm;vS,fwdkY\ wuúodkvfaumifpDwGif awmif;qdkaqmif½GufrIrsm;aMumifh wuúodkvftmPmydkifwdkYonf raeEdik af wmhbJ wuúov kd af umifpD tpnf;ta0;rS atmufygtwdik ;f qH;k jzwfc&hJ ayonf/ (3) cgus ausmif;xkwpf epfEiS hf (65) &mckid Ef eI ;f pepfwUkd udk pOf;pm;&efEiS hf tjcm; oifah wmfaom enf;pepf½ydS gu aumifpo D Ykdwifjy&ef atmufygaumfrwDukd zGJUpnf;ygonf/ (1) ygarmu©csKyf (cs,f,mrif) (2) odyÜHr[mXmerSL; (3) 0dZÆmr[mXmerSL; (4) ausmif;tkyfBuD; (rEÅav;) (5) OD;bNidrf; (wuo udk,fpm;vS,f) (6) OD;xGef;atmif (NrdKUawmf0efa[mif;) ausmif;om;xk\awmif;qdkcsuft& xdkaumfrwDudk zGJUpnf;ay;&vifhupm; tpnf;ta0;wBudrfwcgrQ xkdif jcif;rjyKbJ xm;cJhayonf/ (3) cgusausmif;xkwfpepfudk aESmifhaES;ap&ef MuHaqmifjcif; jzpfayonf/ ausmif;om;xk nDñw G af &;tm;jzifh atmify&JG ,lEikd af vonf/ 1953-54 ckEpS f wuo rzGUJ pnf;ay;bJxm;cJ&h mrS zGUJ pnf;ay;cJ&h ayonf/ 1953 ckESpf atmufwdkbmta&;awmfyHktwGuf zrf;qD;cH&aom ausmif;om;rsm; jyefvTwfay;cJh&onf/ ausmif;xkwf cH&aom ausmif;om;rsm; jyefwufcGifh ay;cJh&onf/ þodYk jzifh (3) cgusausmif;xkwpf epfukd ausmif;om;rsm; nDñw G af &; jzifh wuo? Auo? tvHawmfatmuf wGif or*¾rsm;? toif;tzGJUrsm; yg0ifyl;aygif; aqmif½Guf&ef zdwfac:rIrsm; jyKvkyfvmMuonfudk awGU½Sd&ayonf/ xdkodkYvkyfaqmifrIaMumifh ](3) cgusausmif;xkwcf &H aom ausmif;om; (2000) ausmt f m; ,ckEpS rf usio Uf ;kH bJ jyef0ifciG Uf &½Sd&ef} tmPmydkifrsm;u wESpfa½TUqdkif;xm;rnf[k oabmwlcsuf&&ef toif;? or*¾aygif;pHk yg0ifaqmif½GufcJhMu ayonf/ ausmif;om;xk (4000) ausmf rJqE´ay;í vnf;aumif;? aeYausmif;om; rsm;? oxHkaqmif? yJcl;aqmif? yif;,aqmif? ppfuikd ;f aqmif? tif;0aqmif? a½Tbakd qmif? '*kaH qmif? tr&aqmifwYkdwiG f rJqE´aumuf,Nl yD;cJNh yD jzpfonf/ aeYausmif;olrsm;? tif;vsm;aqmif? &wemaqmif? oD&daqmif? rmvmaqmifolrsm;ESifh tr&? rEÅav;? awmifil? jynf? waumif;? wDwDpD taqmifrsm;üvnf; qE´rJrsm;aumuf,lum (3) cgusausmif;xkwfpepfudk tm;vHk;uefYuGuf cJhMuayonf/ rEÅav;wuúodkvf? armfvNrdKif Oypmaumvdyfrsm;üvnf; ausmif;om;rsm;u wcJeufuefYuGufcJh Muayonf/

(q) &efukefwuúodkvf ausmif;om;ppftiftm;pk (S.O.F) (S.O.F) onf qd½ k , S v f pfygwD\ pDru H ed ;f t& ay:aygufvmaom tzGUJ tpnf; jzpfonf/ þtzGUJ tpnf;wGif

wyfOD;rS rdrdudk,fusKd;twGuf xGufoGm;aom udkeefZifvm? 'Dtufpftdkrsm;ESifh oefY½Sif;ta[mif;rsm; yg0ifayonf/ a½G;aumufyGJwGif wyfOD;ESifh t"dutm;NydKif&ef jzpfayonf/ qdk½S,fvpfrsm;onf 'Dtufpftdkudk ausmif;om;xku raxmufcrH eS ;f odojzifh (S.O.F) udk zGUJ pnf;cJo h nf/ (S.O.F) 'Dtufpt f kd wzefjyefvnf toufoiG ;f aom tzGUJ jzpfonf/ 453

jrefrmEdkifiHausmif;om;vIyf&Sm;rIordkif; - atmifxGef; (S.O.F) wyfO;D udk ta&;ay;wdu k &f efEiS hf (D.S.O) bufrS [efjywdu k cf u kd &f efEiS hf Mum;vrf;pOfjzifh vlrsKd;pkrsm; Mum; tiftm;pkrsm;udk odrf;oGif;&ef jzpfayonf/ aemufqHk; (D.S.O) ½kyfvHk;ay:vmcJhojzifh wuoa½G;aumufyGJ tNyD;wGif (D.S.O) zsufodrf;cJh&m vlrsKd;pkrsm;ESifhoefY½Sif;wdkY rauseyfí (D.S.O) (2) jcrf; uGJcJh&onf/

(Z) [,f&Dwefta&;awmfyHkESifh uefhuGufyGJrsm; xdkta&;awmfyHk ay:aygufvm&aomtaMumif;&if;rSm tv,fwef;tpdk;&ppf owårwef;pmar;yGJwGif ar;cGef; aygufonf[laom jyóemjzpfonf/ owårwef;ausmif;om;rsm; bmom&yf (4) bmom ajzNyD;aomtcg rwfv (22) &ufaeYwGif ajzqdk&rnfh bmomrSm ocFsmar;cGef;vTmtrSwf (2) ESifh taxGaxGodyÜHynmudk ajzqdk&rnfjzpfonf/ pmar;yGrJ ajzqdrk u D yif xdak eYxw k f Armhacwfowif;pmü taxGaxGoyd HÜ ar;cGe;f aygufMum;vsuf ½So d nf/ xdak r;cGe;f vTm wGif yg0ifaom yk'pf mwyk'u f kd xkwaf zmfvsuf yg½Scd ahJ yonf/ ar;cGe;f aygufMum;onf[k aumvm[vjzpfaeaomfvnf; qdkif&mrS ta&;,ljcif;r½SdcJhay/ yxrydik ;f ocFsmar;cGe;f vTm ajzqdNk yD;aomtcgwGif taxGaxGoyd aHÜ jzqd&k ef pmar;yGcJ ef;rodYk a&muf½cdS sdef pmar; yGJBuD;Muyfolrsm;u rwfv (20) &ufaeYrSpí pwifusif;yaom owårwef;pmar;yGJudk vHk;0zsufodrf;vdkufaMumif; ynmrif;BuD;OD;bxGm; vufrw S jf zifh trdeYf pmudzk wfjycJo h nf/ pmar;yGBJ uD;Muyforl sm;u Armhacwfowif;pmwGif ar;cGe;f ykpämyg½Sdvmojzifh zsufodrf;vdkuf&onf[k ajymMum;avonf/ xdktcg ausmif;om;rsm;onf rdrdwdkY vaygif;rsm;pGm BudK;yrf;ajzqdkcJh&aom pmar;yGJudk vHk;0zsufodrf;vdkuf &onf[k od½&dS onfEiS hf wNydKifeuf ausmif;om;rsm; id, k Mkd uNyD;vQif rcHr&yfjzpfum pmppfXmetoD;oD;½Sd ausmif;om;rsm; onf pk½;kH um ynmrif;BuD;½H;k odYk csDwufqE´jyMuygonf/ xdYk aemuf Armhacwf owif;pmwdu k af ½SUodk a&muf½MdS uonf/ owif;pmwdkufü ykvdyftcsKdU apmifhvsuf½Sdonf/ tcsdeftenf;i,ftwGif; ta½SUydkif;w&m;olBuD; ygpDjrarmifonf ykvdyftrIxrf;rsm;ESifhtwl a&muf½Sdvmonf/ Auorsm;tzGJUcsKyfrS Ouú| udkaZmf0if;ESifh &uorS 'k-Ouú| udkarmifarmifcifwdkYonf ynmrif;BuD;tm; oGm;a&muf awGUqHkaqG;aEG;aomfvnf; rawGU&ay/ xdktcg udkaZmf0if;wdkYonf ta½SUydkif;w&m;olBuD; ygpDjrarmifESifh awGUum ,ckqE´jyolrsm;rSm owårwef;ausmif;om; (12) ESpf? (13) ESpft½G,f uav;rsm;jzpfaMumif;? aoewfESifh rypfcwf&efESifh uav;oli,frsm; at;csrf;pGmqE´jyrIudk xdef;odrf;xm;rnfjzpfaMumif; ajymaomtcg w&m;olBuD;u aumif;ygNyD[ak jymNyD;aemuf csujf cif;yif aoewfEiS yhf pf&ef trdeYfay;awmhonf/ udak Zmf0if; aoewfEiS rhf ypf&ef txyfxyf wm;ygaomfvnf; r&awmhay/ rypfao;bJ ½Sdonfudkyif ]ypfawmUygvm;uG} [k trdefYxyfay;avonf/ aoewfypfcwfrIaMumifU1/ [,f&Dwef

(51) csmcsDvrf; aoqHk;cJh&onf/

tjyif;txef 'Pf&m&olrsm;xJwGif1/ wifarmifat; (11) ukuúdKif;vrf; 2/ wifatmif (23) 'dkbDvrf;? ajreDukef;wdkY yg0ifonf/ xdktcgwGif(1) aoewfypf&ef trdeYf ay;aom w&m;olBuD; ygpDjrarmifEiS hf wm0ef½adS om jynfxaJ &;0efBuD; Adv k cf ifarmifu av;wdkYtm; Armhacwfudk ta&;,lovdk csufjcif;zrf;qD; ta&;,l&ef? (2) pmar;yGJ ar;cGe;f aygufMum;rIrmS ynma&;Xme\ wm0efomjzpfí wm0ef½o dS rl sm;tm; azmfxw k t f a&;,l&ef? (3) zGUJ pnf;vku d af om pHpk rf;a&;aumfr½Siw f iG f ausmif;om;ESijhf ynfoUl ud, k pf m;vS,rf sm; yg0ifciG jhf yK&ef qE´½ydS g ojzifh tjrefqHk; awmif;qdkvdkuf&ygaMumif;/ &efukefc½dkifausmif;om;rsm;or*¾ (&uo)? Auorsm;tzGJUcsKyf? &efukefwuúodkvfausmif;om;rsm;or*¾ (wuo) wdkYu awmif;qdkcJhayonf/

454

Nidrf;csrf;a&; 'Drdkua&pDa&;BudK;yrf;rI - 1954 rS 1955 - 'Drdkua&pDa&; ausmif;om;xktcGifUta&;umuG,fa&; trsKd;om;a&;toGif (Z-1) or*¾ (3) ck yl;wGJaMunmcsuf &Jabmf ausmif;ol^om; taygif;wdkhowårwef;pmar;yGJ ar;cGef;aygufMum;onfhtwGuf pmar;yGJzsufodrf;ypfcJhonf/ pmar;yGJzsufodrf;onfh twGuf (7) wef; ausmif;om;uav;rsm;onf qE´jycJyh gonf/ Armhacwf owif;pmwdu k u f kd 0dik ;f 0ef;qE´jycJo h nf/ ykvyd rf sm;u aoewfEiS yhf pfowfojzifh &Jabmf[,f&w D ef usqH;k oGm;cJ&h ayonf/ þusqH;k oGm;jcif;ESihf ywfoufí uREkfyfwdkY (3) zGJU yl;aygif;aqmif½GufcJhygonf/ a½SUqufNyD; &Jabmf[,f&Dweftm; &uf&ufpufpuf owfjzwfjcif;? pmar;yGJar;cGef; aygufMum;jcif;twGuf qufvufaqmif½Guf&ef aumfrwDw&yfzGJUpnf;&ef vdktyfonf[k ,lqyg onf/ odkYtwGuf &Jabmfausmif;om;^olwdkY\ 25? 3? 56 &ufwGif aeYv,f (12) em&Dtcsdef? Armhacwfowif;pm wdkufteD;? A[ef;tpdk;& txufwef;ausmif;a½SU uGufvyfpcef;odkY vma&mufMuyg&ef wdkufwGef;EId;aqmfvdkuf ygonf/ twGif;a&;rSL;rsm; Auorsm;tzGJYcsKyf &efukefc½dkifausmif;om;rsm;or*¾ (&uo) aehpJG- 24? 4? 56 &ufaeh &efukefwuúodkvfausmif;om;rsm;or*¾ (wuo) (Z-2)

Auorsm;tzGJYcsKyf ñTefMum;vTm aeYpGJ- 29? 3? 56

&Jabmfw-hkd 22? 3? 56 &ufaeYwGif owårwef; pmar;yGJar;cGef;rSm aygufMum;onfhtwGuf pmar;yGJudk zsufodrf;ypf vdkufonf/ xdkodkY zsufodrf;ypfvdkufjcif;ESifh ywfoufí ausmif;om;rsm;rauseyfjzpfcg ynmrif;BuD;½Hk;odkY oGm; a&muf 0dkif;0ef;qE´jycJhonf/ xdkYaemuf ar;cGef;xkwfazmfaom Armhacwf owif;pmwdkufodkY 0dkif;0ef;qE´jycJhonf/ Armhacwfowif;pmwdu k o f Ykd 0dik ;f 0ef;qE´jypOf w&m;olBuD; ygpDjrarmif\ trdeYft& ykvyd rf sm;u aoewfEiS hf ypfcwfojzifh (16) ESpt f ½G,?f pdeaf ygausmif;om;av; ][,f&w D ef} usqH;k oGm;&½Smonf/ ausmif;om;rsm;'Pf&m& ½Sí d (2) a,mufrmS twGi;f vlemtjzpf ukoae&onf/ þodYk &uf&ufpufpuf vlrr,fcav;rsm;tm; owfypfjcif; onf zufqpftjyKtrlrsK;d om jzpfayonf/ þodYk aoewf vufeufEiS hf ypfowfjcif;twGuf igwdYk onf a½SUodYk quf vuf ta&;,ljzpfonf/ þodYk ta&;,l&mwGif qdik &f mor*¾crJG sm;onf pDwef;vSnv hf nfyrJG sm;? vlxpk nf;a0;yGrJ sm; usi;f yum jynfol vlxkudk wdkifwnf&rnf/ ausmif;rsm;zGifhvSpfxm;ygu ,m,DqE´jyoydwfarSmufMu&ef jyKvkyf&rnfjzpfaMumif; ñTefMum;vdkufonf/ ,ck rwfv (29) &ufaeYwiG f &Jabmf[,f&w D ef usqH;k aom (7) &ufajrmufaeYjzpfojzifh aeYwiG f qGr;f oGwf trQtwef;a0jcif;udk ausmif;om;ESifhvlxk yl;aygif;um jyKvkyf&rnfjzpfaMumif; ñTefMum;vkdufonf/ tqdkrsm;1/ aoewfESifhypf&ef trdefay;ol w&m;olBuD; ygpDjrarmifESifh wm0eft½SdqHk;jzpfaom jynfxJa&;0efBuD; Adkvfcifarmifuav;wdkYtm; ta&;,ltjypfay;&ef/ 2/ ar;cGef;ykpämaygufMum;rIonf ynma&;Xmewm0efom jzpfaomaMumifh wm0ef½Sdoltm; azmfxkwf tjypf ay;&ef/ 3/ 0efBuD;csKyfu zGJUpnf;vdkufaom pHkprf;a&;aumfrwDwGif ausmif;om;udk,fpm;vS,frsm; yg0ifcGifh&½Sd&ef/ zufqpf0g' usqHk;&rnf ausmif;om;ta&; atmif&rnf trIaqmiftzGYJ Auorsm;tzGJYcsKyf 455

jrefrmEdkifiHausmif;om;vIyf&Sm;rIordkif; - atmifxGef; (Z-3) EdkifiHawmf0efBuD;csKyfxHay;pm

odhk EdkifiHawmf0efBuD;csKyf jynfaxmifpkjrefrmEdkifiHawmftpdk;&tzGJY

rS taxGaxGtwGif;a&;rSL; ausmif;om;ta&;awmfyHkaumfrwD aeUpGJ- 30? 3? 56 taMumif;t&m / / ,ck jzpfyGm;aeaom ausmif;om;ta&;awmfyHkudpötm; rsufESmpHknD awGYqkHajz½Sif;yg&efcifAsm;/ 1956 ckESpf? rwfv (22) &ufaeYwGif owårwef; ar;cGef;ykpäm aygufMum;rIESifhywfoufí pmar;yGJrsm; jyefvnfppfaq;rnf[laom trdefYudk rauseyfMuaom ausmif;om;^ausmif;olaygif; ajrmufrsm;pGmwdkYonf ynm rif;BuD;½Hk;ESifh Armhacwfowif;pmwdkufodkY 0dkif;0ef;qE´jycJhygonf/ vlrr,fausmif;om;av;rsm; qE´jy&mwGif &efukefta½SUydkif; &mZ0wfw&m;olBuD; OD;ygpDjrarmif\ trdefY t& qE´jyrIukd &ufpufpmG aoewfEiS Nhf zKdciG ;f cJo h jzifh pdeaf yg(vf) ausmif;om;av; [,f&w D efrmS ¤if;aoewf'Pf&m ESifh usqHk;cJh&ygonf/ tjcm; ausmif;om; (2) OD;rSm 'Pf&mjyif;xefpGm &cJhygonf/ þodkY vlrr,fausmif;om;av;rsm;tm; &ufpufpGmowfjzwfjcif;onf wdkif;jynf0,f rvdkvm;tyfaom udpöjzpfí vnf;aumif;? 'Drdkua&pDenf;t& qE´jyonfudk vufeuftm;udk;jzifh ajz½Sif;onfudk vnf;aumif;? jyóemt&yf&yfwGif at;csrf;pGmajz½Sif;onfhenf;udk tpOftvmt& usifhoHk;cJhaom ausmif;om;rsm;u rsm;pGm rausreyf jzpfcJhygonf/ ,if;odYk jyóemt&yf&yfukd tMurf;zufí vufeufEiS ahf jz½Si;f rnfqykd gu aemifwiG v f nf; ,ckvkd rzG,&f m rvdkvm;tyfaom trItcif;rsKd; ay:aygufp&m ½Sdygonf/ xkYdaMumifh aemufaemifwiG f þodYkaom trIupd rö sK;d ray:aygufatmif ,ckuo hJ Ykd ay:aygufcahJ om udprö sm;udk vnf; wm0eft½SdqHk; EdkifiHtpdk;&ESifh aoG;ajrus tqHk;cHvdkufaom ausmif;om;wdkY ESpfOD;ESpfzuf auseyfEdkifrnfh enf;vrf;rsm; ½SmazGEkdif&ef EdkifiHawmf0efBuD;csKyfESifh at;csrf;pGm awGUqHkajz½Sif;cGifhjyKyg&ef taMumif;Mum;ygonf/ vufeuftm;udk;ESifU ajz½Sif;aom0g' usqHk;&rnf

(aZmf0if;) taxGaxGtwGif;a&;rSL; ausmif;om;ta&;awmfyHkaumfrwD

456

Nidrf;csrf;a&; 'Drdkua&pDa&;BudK;yrf;rI - 1954 rS 1955 - 'Drdkua&pDa&; ausmif;om;xktcGifUta&;umuG,fa&; trsKd;om;a&;toGif

(Z-4)

ausmif;om;ta&;awmfyHkaumfrwD aMunmcsuf (pnf;½Hk;vIHYaqmfa&;AsL½kd)

30? 3? 56 &ufaeY owårwef;pmar;yGJ zsuo f rd ;f vdu k o f nfrpS í zqyvqd½k , S v f pfwYkd\ vlowf0g'aMumifh aoG;pdr;f yGuyf u G f tHxGufum ausmif;om;av; &Jabmf[,f&DwefrSm r½IrvS usqHk;cJh&ygonf/ odYk &Jabmf[,f&w D ef usq;kH cJjh cif;jzifh ausmif;om;ta&;awmfyBkH uD; ay:aygufc&hJ m ausmif;om;ta&;awmfykH BuD; jzpf&onft h aMumif;t&if;ESihf &Jabmf[,f&w D ef usqH;k &yH?k zqyvqd½k , S v f pfwYkd \ &uf&ufpufpuf vlowf 0g'usifhoHk;yHkudk &efukefNrKdUwGif;½Sd &yfuGuftoD;oD;twGif;ü vSnfhvnf½Sif;vif; a[majymyGJrsm;usif;ycJh&m (16) yGJrQ NyD;pD;cJhavonf/ odYk aomf tjcm;&yfuu G w f iG ;f rS NrKdUrdNrKdUzrsm;u vma&mufawmif;qdMk uojzifh NrKdUrdNrKdUzrsm; qE´jynf0h ap&ef ausmif;om;ta&;awmfyHkaumfrwDrS BudK;pm;aqmif½Gufvsuf ½SdaMumif;/ xdkYjyif tjcm;NrKdUrdNrKdUzrsm;onf rdrdwdkY &yfuGufwGif;ü ½Sif;vif;a[majymap&ef qE´½Sdí pDpOfNyD; ____ ½Sd acwåaumfrwD½Hk;wnf&m atmufyg AsL½dktwGif;a&;rSL;xH vma&muf taMumif;Mum;Muyg&ef arwåm&yfcHygonf cifAsm;/ rdbausmif;om; vufwGJMu ta&;awmfyHk atmif&rnf armifarmifcif twGif;a&;rSL; pnf;½Hk;a&;ESifUvIHYaqmfa&;AsL½dk ausmif;om;ta&;awmfyHkaumfrwD

(Z-5)

ta&;awmfyHkaumfrwD aMunmcsuf

owåwef;pmar;yGJ zsuford ;f jcif;udk rauseyfonft h wGuf qE´jyMuaom ausmif;om;av;rsm;tm; ykvyd u f aoewfESifh ypfcwfonfhtwGuf touf (17) ESpft½G,f½Sd (7) wef; ausmif;om;av; [,f&DwefrSm usqHk;cJh&yg onf/ ausmif;om; (4) OD; 'Pf&m&cJyh gonf/ odYk twGuf ausmif;om;ESihf jynfow l Ykd onf tH;k tH;k
jrefrmEdkifiHausmif;om;vIyf&Sm;rIordkif; - atmifxGef; udkyif jynfolESifhausmif;om;tm; ½IyfaxG;oGm;&ef MuHaqmifvsuf ½Sdayonf/ ausmif;om;ESifh &Jonf &efolvnf; r[kwf? wOD;ESifhwOD; vHk;0vnf; y#dyu©jzpfjcif;vnf; r½SdygbJvsuf ausmif;om;-&J y#dyu© tjzpfrsKd;a&mufatmif wrifvyk Mf uHvsuf ½Sad yonf/ &Jom;rsm;udk txGurf cdik ;f bJ vSnphf m; jcif;yif jyKvkycf ahJ yonf/ þodYk tppftrSeu f kd zH;k uG,u f m rdrw d Ykd tay: usa&mufrnfh wm0efukd vTaJ jymif;ay;onfh oabmrsKd;udk ausmif;om;ta&;awmfyHkaumfrwDonf vufcHvdrfhrnf r[kwfay/ odYk twGuf ta&;awmfyakH umfrwD ud, k pf m;vS,rf sm;u ausmif;om;-&J y#dyu© pHpk rf;a&;aumfr½Sit f rnfukd vTJajymif;ay;&ef awmif;qdkcJhayonf/ odkYaomf ausmif;om;wdkY\ awmif;qdkcsufudk rvdkufavsmcJhay/ þodkY ausmif;om;-&J y#dyu©[lí ½IyfaxG;oGm;ap&ef MuH½G,fonfomru zqyvqdk½S,fvpftpdk;&onf rdrt d jypfrS tvGw½f ek ;f um ausmif;om;rsm;ay:odYk vnf;aumif;? &JtrIxrf;rsm;ay:odYk vnf;aumif;? owif;pmrsm; ay:odkY vnf;aumif; yHkcs&ef rdrdpdwfBudKuf aumfr½SifzGJUay;cJhonf/ zqyvqdk½S,fvpf vlowform;rsm;u rdrd wdkY tvdkuszGJUpnf;jcif;onf rnfonfhenf;ESifhrQ rSefuefrI r&½SdEdkifay/ þodkY rSefuefjcif;r½Sdjcif;udkvnf; zqyv qdk½S,fvpfacwfwGif ay:ayguforQaom pHkprf;a&;aumfr½Sifrsm;u oufaojycJhNyD; jzpfonf/ odkYtwGuf ausmif; om;ESifh jynfolYudk,fpm;vS,frsm; yg0ifa&;udk ta&;awmfyHkaumfrwDu awmif;qdkcJhayonf/ þawmif;qdkcsufudk rvdu k af vsm½krH u ausmif;om;qE´? jynfoYl qE´ygonfjzpfap? rygonfjzpfap rdrw d Ykd qufvyk &f rnfh oabmrsKd;udk yif ajzMum;cJhayonf/ xifxif½Sm;½Sm;BuD; awGUjrif&aom zqyvwdkY\ tMurf;zuf vlowf0g'ESifh vlowfrIBuD;udk zHk;uG,f&ef MuHpnfaom ausmif;om;-&J y#dyu©[k vSnzhf sm;jcif;? pHpk rf;a&;aumfr½Siw f iG f ausmif;om;ESihf jynfoYl u, kd pf m;vS,f rsm; ryg0ifbJ rdrdwdkYoabmus tpD&ifcHap&m tjzpfrSefudk zHk;uG,faejcif;jyKvkyf&ef pDpOfaejcif;rsm;twGuf ta&;awmfyHkaumfrwDonf pHkprf;a&;aumfr½Siftm; ulnDvdrfhrnf r[kwfay/ ta&;awmfyHkaumfrwDonf vufawGUtaumiftxnfjzifh ½Sdaeaom zqyv tMurf;zufzdESdyfrI0g'ESifh vlowfw&m;cHrsm;udk azmfxw k u f m jynfoUl a½SUarSmufoYkd qufvufwifjyoGm;rnf jzpfayonf/ xkrd Qomruao;bJ zqyvu zH;k uG,&f ef MuHpnfum twdu k t f cHrsm;u ajr§mufay;onf[al om pGypf cJG sufrsm; jynfoel m;a,mifaprnfh vSnjhf zm;csurf sm;udk azmfxw k f aqmif½u G o f mG ;rnf jzpfayonf/ &Jabmf[,f&w D eftm; aoewfEiS hf ypfowfjcif;onf ,ckrS a½Smifwcifay:aygufvmjcif; r[kw/f &mZ0iftqufqufu zqyvwdYk \ jyóemay:wdik ;f vufeuftm; udk; tMurf;zufajz½Sif;a&;0g'rS ay:aygufvmjcif; jzpfayonf/ þodkY tMurf;zufajz½Sif;enf;0g'udk yPmr umuG,frwm;qD;EkdifonfESifhtrQ aemifwGifvnf; &Jabmf [,f&DwefuJhodkY ausmif;om;uav;aygif;rsm;pGm owfjzwfjcif;cHae&rnf[k ta&;awmfyHkaumfrwDu t
458

Nidrf;csrf;a&; 'Drdkua&pDa&;BudK;yrf;rI - 1954 rS 1955 - 'Drdkua&pDa&; ausmif;om;xktcGifUta&;umuG,fa&; trsKd;om;a&;toGif

(Z-6)

jynfaxmifpkjrefrmEdkifiHawmftpdk;&? jynfxJa&;0efBuD;Xme

jynfxJa&;0efBuD;Xme trIwGJtrSwf (156-[p) (56) rS aumufEkwfcsuf qH;k jzwfcsuf (1) - 1956 ck? rwfv (22) &uf? Mumoyaw;aeYwiG f Armhacwf owif;pmwdu k t f eD; pka0;vsu½f adS om ausmif;om;xktm; vlpck &JG mwGif &JtzGUJ rS aoewfjzifh ypfcwfvpl ck o JG jzifh 'Pf&m&½Sd aoqH;k onfh udpEö iS yhf wfoufí pHpk rf;ppfaq;a&;aumfrwDw&yf zGUJ pnf;&ef jynfaxmifpjk refrmEdik if aH wmftpd;k &u qH;k jzwfonft h wdik ;f jynfaxmifpk jrefrmEdkifiHawmf or®wu txufygy#dyu©rIESifh ywfoufonfh jyóemt&yf&yfwdkYudk pHkprf;ppfaq;í EdkifiHawmf tpdk;&odkY tMuHÓPfrsm; wifoGif;tpD&ifcH&eftvdkYiSm atmufygyk*¾dKvfrsm;yg0ifonfh aumfrwDw&yfudk zGJUpnf; vdkufonf/ obmywd(1) w&m;vTwfawmf w&m;0efBuD; OD;pHarmif tzGJY0ifrsm;(1) w&m;vTwfawmf w&m;0efBuD; OD;atmifomausmf (2) w&m;vTwfawmf w&m;0efBuD; r[moD&dok"r®m OD;aomif;pdef twGif;a&;rSL;jynfxJa&;0efBuD;XmerS cefYxm;&rnf/ (2) aumfrwD\ wm0ef0wå&m;rsm;rSm atmufygtwdkif; jzpfonf/ (u) txufyg y#dyu©rI rnfodkYpwifjzpfay:vmonf/ (c) jzpfay:vmjcif; tusKd;taMumif;/ (*) aoewfESifhypfcwf vlpkcGJ&jcif;onf jzpfay:aeonfh tajctaet& vdkvm;tyfonf^ rvdkvm;tyfonf/ odkYwnf;r[kwf tjcm;enf; vlpkcGJEdkifpGrf;½Sd^r½Sd/ (C) aoewfEiS yhf pfcwf vlpck &JG ef rvdt k yfonfu h pd jö zpfygu þodYk aoewfEiS yhf pfcwf vlpck &JG mwGif rnfonfhyk*d¾Kvfü wm0ef½Sdonf/ (i) aemufaemif tvm;wludpörsm; jzpfay:jcif;udk wm;qD;&ef rnfodkYaqmif½Gufoifhonf/ (p) aumfrwDrS tjcm;tMuHay;csufrsm;/ (3) tqdkygtzGJUonf obmywd\ qHk;jzwfcsuft& tpnf;ta0;rsm;udk oifhavQmfonfh ae&m? oifhavQmf onfh tcsdefrsm;wGif usif;yEdkifcGifh½Sdonf/ (4) tqdkygtzGJUrSm rdrdwdkY aqmif½GufrItpDtpOf? rdrdwdkY oabmtwdkif; pDrHEdkifcGifhtmPmrsm; ½Sd&rnfhtjyif txufazmfjycJhonfh wm0ef0wå&m;rsm;udk aqmif½GufEdkif&ef tvdkYiSm vdktyfaom pHkprf;ar;jref;rIwdkYudk jyKvkyfEdkifay onf/ ¤if;jyif oufaorsm;udkyg ac:,lppfaq; ar;jref;rIwdkYudk jyKvkyfEkdifayonf/ ¤if;jyif oufaorsm;udkyg ac:,lppfaq; ar;jref;&ef tmPmvnf;½Sdonf/ (5) aumfrwDonf zGJUpnf;onfh aeYrSpí (2) vtwGif; tpD&ifcHpmudk jrefrmEdkifiHawmftpdk;&? jynfxJa&; 0efBuD;XmeodkY wifoGif;&rnf/ odkYaomf pHkprf;aepOftwGif; ta&;wBuD; ta&;,laqmif½Guf&efudprö sm; ay:ayguf vmygu aumfrwDonf Mum;jzwftMuHÓPfESifh tpD&ifcHpmudk wifoGif;&rnf/ trdefh / aemufxyftrdefh /

/ qH;k jzwfcsuf rdwLÅ wapmifukd obmywdtzG0YJ ifvBl u;D rsm;ESihf twGi;f a&;rSL;xHohkd ydahk y;&rnf/ / þqHk;jzwfcsufudk trsm;odapjcif;iSm aMunm&rnf/ trdefht&-

aehpGJ- 1317 ckESpf? waygif;vqef; (12) &uf (1956 ck? rwfv (23) &uf)

(cifarmifjzL) twGif;0efcsKyf jynfxJa&;0efBuD;Xme &efukefNrdKY trSwf-156-[p 56 459

jrefrmEdkifiHausmif;om;vIyf&Sm;rIordkif; - atmifxGef;

rdwÅLudk(1) obmywdESifh tzGJU0ifrsm;tm;vHk; (2) EdkifiHawmfor®w\ twGif;0ef (3) 0efBuD;rsm;tzGJU twGif;0ef (4) twGif;0ef? w&m;a&;0efBuD;Xme (5) twGif;0ef? b@ma&;ESifh tcGefawmf0efBuD;Xme (6) twGif;0ef? jyefMum;a&;0efBuD;Xme (7) twGif;0ef? ynma&;0efBuD;Xme (8) jrefrmEdkifiHawmf aiGpm&if;rif;BuD; (9) twGif;0ef? w&m;vTwfawmf (10) tpdk;&yHkESdyfESifh pma&;ud&d,mXme0ef þqHk;jzwfcsufudk txl;trdefhjyefwrf;w&yfjzifU tjrefqHk;xkwfa0yg&ef/ trdefYt&(vSarmif) 'kwd,twGif;0ef jynfxJa&;0efBuD;Xme

(Z-7)

t"d|mefpmwrf;

usqHk;avNyD;aom &Jabmf[,f&DwefArmEdik if aH usmif;om;xk 'Dru kd a&pDynma&;wdu k yf w JG iG f ajymifajymifajrmufajrmuf wdu k yf 0JG ifvyI ½f mS ;aeonfh &uo (&efukefc½dkifausmif;om;or*¾) onf tmPmydkifwdkY\ zdESdyfcsKyfcs,frItrsKd;rsKd; cHpm;ae&onfhtcsdef? igwdkY or*¾&UJ atmifvu H kd ½du k cf sK;d ypfaeonft h csed rf mS rjzpfraejyKvkyEf ikd w f hJ or*¾rsm;&JU oufwrf;½Snaf &;? ausmif;om;t cGifhta&; umuG,fa&;wdkYtwGuf rkcsraoG ay:EdkifpGrf;½Sdrnf[k igwdkY ,HkMunfayonf/ ausmif;om;xk&mZ0ifwGif ausmif;om;xk tcGihfta&;wdkufyGJMum;rS vlowform;tpdk;&&JU vufcsufeJY usq;kH oGm;&wJh &Jabmfukd igwdYkb,faomtcg umvwGirf S arhaysmuf&vdrrhf nf r[kwaf Mumif; uwdjyKvdu k af yonf/ vufeuftm;udk; tMurf;zuftkyfcsKyfaeaom tpdk;&\ vlowf0g'pepfqdk;t& v,form;? tvkyform; rsm;eJY ausmif;om;vli,fawG&JU vnfacsmif;aoG;udk aoG;iwfbDvl; zqyv qdk½S,fvpftpdk;&[m Nrdefa&½Sufa& oHk;aqmifaeayNyD/ tjypfrJhaom jynfolvlxktm; aoewftm;udk; tkyfcsKyfae½Hkru jyóemwdkif;udk at;csrf;pGm ajz½Sif;&rnfhtpm; tMurf;zufaomenf;jzifh ajz½Sif;aeayonf/ þ zqyvqdk½S,fvpftpdk;&\ tMurf;zufpepfqdk;aMumifhyifvQif oifonf r½IrvScE¨ma
Nidrf;csrf;a&; 'Drdkua&pDa&;BudK;yrf;rI - 1954 rS 1955 - 'Drdkua&pDa&; ausmif;om;xktcGifUta&;umuG,fa&; trsKd;om;a&;toGif &Jabmf[,f&Dwefe,fcsJUorm; NAdwo d Qtpd;k &wdYk onf Adv k af tmifausmfudk owfNyD; ausmif;om;aoG; ajruscJ&h ay\/ jynfow l &yfv;kH 0rf;enf;idka
(ps) wuo\ ausmif;om;tcGifhta&; awmif;qdkcsufrsm; wuonf trsKd;om;a&;? zdESdyfrI qefYusifwdkufyGJrsm;udkomru ausmif;om;tcGifhta&; awmif;qdkcsufrsm; udkyg jyKvkyfcJhayonf/ ausmif;aqmifaumfrwDtpnf;ta0;udk 23? 12? 55 &ufwGif jyKvkyfcJhNyD; wuoudk,fpm;vS,f (2) OD;jzpfaom udak rmifarmifñeG Yf EiS hf udak usmfjrifw h Ykd wufa&mufcMhJ uonf/ ausmif;aqmifqikd &f m tcGit hf a&; epfemcsuf rsm; aqG;aEG;NyD; awmif;qdkcsufrsm; awmif;qdkcJhMuonf/ 461

jrefrmEdkifiHausmif;om;vIyf&Sm;rIordkif; - atmifxGef; (ps-1) ausmif;om;tcGifUta&; awmif;qdkcsufrsm; (1) vufaxmuftaqmifrSL;rsm; ausmif;om;rsm;tm; zdESdyfcsKyfcs,fpGufzufu aumfrwDrS ta&;,l&ef? (2) ausmif;aqmif pmzwfcef;rsm;twGuf vdktyfovdk xyfrHwdk;ay;&ef? (3) tcef;jyLwif;aygufESifh rSef? w½kwfuwfrsm; rawmfwq ysufpD;cJhvQif avQmfaMu; rawmif;&ef? (4) o[m,ESifh pmzwfcef;rsm;wGif yefumrsm; wyfqifay;&ef? (5) ausmif;aqmifcef;rsm;wGif t0wftxnf bD'dkwvHk;pD xm;ay;&ef? (6) ausmif;aqmifrsm;wGif (24) em&DvHk; a&&½Sd&ef? (7) a&aomuf&ef (Water Tap) rsm; wyfqifay;&ef? (8) ysufpD;,dk,Gif;aeí teHYtoufrsm; rcHEdkifaom tdrfomrsm;tm; jyKjyifay;&ef/ (ps-2) &efukefwuúodkvftwGuf awmif;qdkcsufrsm; (1) trsKd;orD;ausmif;aqmifwdkif;wGif w,fvDzkef;wckpD wyfqifay;&ef? (2) &efuif;ESifh xD;wef;aumvdyfausmif;om;rsm;twGuf w,fvDzkef;wckpD wyfqifay;&ef? (3) ausmif;aqmifopfrsm; wckESifhwck pMuFefvrf;rsm; qufay;&ef? (4) xrif;pm;csdefudk o[m,ESifh pmzwftoif;wdkYu oabmusjyifqifcGifhay;&ef? (5) ausmif;aqmiftm;vHk;twGuf vdktyfaom csdefcGif? tav;? ',ftdk;rsm; jynfhpHkpGmay;&ef? (6) yk*H? ZGef;? xrif;csKdifhrsm; ysufpD;uGJ½Saeygu jynfhpHkpGm xyfjznfhay;&ef? (7) bwfpuufabm? abmfvDabm r½Sdao;aom taqmifrsm;wGif jyKvkyfay;&ef? (8) &wemESifh rmvmausmif;aqmifwGif opfMurf;cif;rsm; cif;ay;&ef? (9) ausmif;aqmifwdkif;½Sd ysufpD;csKdU,Gif;aeaom "gwfrD;BudK;? "gwfrD;cvkwfrsm; tjrefqHk; jyKjyifay;&ef? (10) ausmif;aqmifcef;wdkif;wGif "gwfrD;tkyfaqmif;rsm; 0,f,lwyfqifay;&ef? (11) usef;rma&;xdcdkufaponfh '*Hkaqmif? a½Tbdkaqmif rD;zdkrsm;udk topfjyifqifay;&ef? (12) rsufESmMuuf vdkaeaom xrif;pm;cef;aqmifrsm;udk vdktyfovdk jyifqifay;&ef? (13) oxHkausmif;aqmif*dwf0wGif (rvG,fayguf) wpfck wyfqifay;&ef? (14) ausmif;aqmifwdkif;udk ESpfpOfaq;okwfay;&efESifh pmwdkufyHk; wvHk;pD xm;ay;&ef/ txufyg awmif;qdkcsufrsm;udk taumiftxnfazmfvm&ef wuou BudK;yrf;cJh&m oufqdkif&mrS qHk;jzwf oabmwlcJhMuonf/ (ps-3) wuorS oD;jcm;awmif;qdkrIrsm; ynmoifMum;a&; 1/ wuúodkvftoHk;p&dwf odef; (70) rS (65) odef;odkY avQmhcsonfudk y,fzsufí odef; (100) xufrenf; wdk;wufoHk;pGJap&ef? 2/ ausmif;om; (40) vQif t&nftcsif;jynfhq&m (1) a,muf xm;½Sd&ef? 3/ pmoifcef;rsm;? ausmif;aqmifopfrsm; wdk;csJUaqmufvkyf&ef? 4/ avmu"gwfynmprf;oyf&ef ypönf;rsm; vHkavmufpGmxm;½Sd&ef? 5/ Caution Fees udk y,fzsuf&ef? 6/ enf;jyq&mrsm; wdk;csJUcefYxm;&ef? 7/ Laboratory rsm;udk ausmif;om;rsm;tvdk½SdaomtcsdefwGif prf;oyfcGifhjyK&ef? 8/ ausmif;oHk;jy|mef; pmtkyfrsm;udk(u) aps;EIef;csKdompGm 0,f,l&½SdEdkifa&;twGuf oufqdkif&mrS aqmif½Gufay;&ef? (c) 0,f,lír&aom pmtkyfrsm;udk wuúodkvfü rjy|mef;&ef? 9/ oufqdkif&mbmom&yfrsm;twGuf taxmuftuljyKEkdif&ef vufawGUrsufjrif qnf;yl;Edkif&eftwGuf(u) a'oEÅ&A[kokw ½SmazGa&;twGuf aqmif½Guf&ef? (c) okawoeXmersm; zGifhvSpfay;&ef? (Oyrm- blrdaA'twGuf owåKwGif;rsm;odkY vnf;aumif;? tEkynmpmaytwGuf yk*HodkY oGm; 462

Nidrf;csrf;a&; 'Drdkua&pDa&;BudK;yrf;rI - 1954 rS 1955 - 'Drdkua&pDa&; ausmif;om;xktcGifUta&;umuG,fa&; trsKd;om;a&;toGif a&muf avhvmjcif;) 10/ bmom&yfwdkif;wGif oD;jcm;ygarmu©rsm; tjynfhtpHkxm;½Sd&ef? 11/ wuúodkvfpmMunfhwdkuf toHk;p&dwfwdk;csJUay;í t&yf&yfrS pmtkyfpmwrf;rsm; jynfhpHkvHkavmufpGm xm;ay;&ef? 12/ wuúodkvfjywdkufwck wnfaqmuf&ef? 13/ wuúodkvfyHkESdyfpufwck wnfaqmuf&ef? 14/ ,ckESpf axmufyHhaMu;rsm;udk ,cifESpfuJhodkY jyefvnfay;&ef? 15/ axmufyHhaMu;ay;aom ausmif;om;OD;a& &mcdkifEIef; ydkrdkay;&ef? 16/ ,ckay;aeaom axmufyHhaMu;aiGrSm tppt&m&m ukefaps;EIef;BuD;jrifhaeaomaMumifh rzlvHkí axmufyhH aMu; 60d^- rS 80d^- wdk;ay;&ef/ oufomacsmifcsda&; 1/ rD;&xm;? rD;oabFm? av,mOfysH paom c&D;oGm;,mOfrsm;udk ausmif;ol? ausmif;om;rsm;tm; w0ufcEIe;f pD;cGifhjyK&ef? 2/ þw0ufEIef;jzifh pD;&mwGif toGm;tjyef r[kwfaomfvnf; w0ufEIef;jzifh pD;cGifhjyK&ef? 3/ þtcGifhta&;udk wOD;wa,mufwnf; oGm;onfhtcgwGifvnf; &½Sd&ef? 4/ vufrSwf0,fonfh tcgwGifvnf; vufiif;w0ufjzifh 0,fcGifhjyK&ef? 5/ vufrSwf vG,fulpGm0,fEdkif&ef oufqdkif&mrS pDpOfay;&ef? 6/ ausmif;ydwf&ufrsm;wGif ausmif;om;rsm;twGuf oD;oefYwGJrsm;? oD;oefYae&m &½SdcGifh aqmif½Gufay;&ef/ ausmif;om;tcGifhta&;rsm; 1/ wuúodkvfodkY 0ifa&mufonfhtcg rdbvufrSwfESifhwuG 0efcHcsufay;&jcif;udk y,fzsuf&ef? 2/ wuúodkvfrSjyKvkyfxm;aom pnf;urf;rsm;udk jyefvnfppfaq;í ausmif;om;xkqE´&,lum pnf;urf; csufrsm; jyKvkyf&ef? 3/ atmufwb kd mta&;ESihf ywfoufí rEÅav;? &efuek w f uúov kd rf sm;rS xkwyf ,fc&H aom ausmif;om;rsm;tm; ausmif;0ifcGifhjyK&ef? 4/ pmayoifMum;rIESifhausmif;tkyfcsKyfa&;wGif jyifyrS 0ifa&mufpGufzufjcif;rjyKbJ oD;jcm;vGwfvyfcGifh (Academic Freedom) &½S& d ef? 5/ pmar;yGJ (3) cgusvQif ausmif;aqmifrS xkwfypfonfhpepfudk vHk;0zsufodrf;&ef? 6/ pm;ar;yGJ (3) cgusvQif ausmif;om;tjzpfrS &yfpJjcif;pepfudk vHk;0zsufodrf;&ef? 7/ ausmif;aqmifc t&pfusay;oGi;f &aom pepfukd y,fzsufí ,cifpepfa[mif;twdik ;f jyefvnfxm;&½S&d ef? 8/ ausmif;aqmifcrsm;udk ,ciftwdkif; (2) v qdkif;ihH&ef? 9/ ausmif;aqmifrsm;wGif rD; (24) em&D tjynfhay;&ef? 10/ ausmif;aqmifwdkif;wGif aevdkaom ausmif;om;wdkif;tm; aecGifhjyK&ef? 11/ aEG&moDausmif;ydwf&ufwGif ausmif;aqmifü aecGifhjyK&ef? 12/ ausmif;aqmifpmzwfcef;rsm;ü pm;yGJ? ukvm;xkdif tpHkus xyfrHwdk;ay;&ef? 13/ tcef;jyLwif;aygufESifh w½kwfuwfrsm; ysufpD;cJhvQif avsmfaMu;rawmif;bJ tjrefqHk;jyif&ef? 14/ xrif;pm;cef;ESifh pmzwfcef;rsm;wGif yefumwyfqifay;&ef? 15/ ausmif;aqmifcef;rsm;ü t0wfbD½dk wvHk;pDay;&ef? 16/ ausmif;aqmifwdkif;ü a&aomuf&ef a&ydkufacgif; (water tap) rsm; wckuspD wyfqifay;&ef? 17/ a&udk (24) em&DvHk; (3) xyfxd ausmif;aqmifrsm;wGif &½Sd&ef? 18/ ysufpD;,dk,Gif;í teHYtoufrcHEdkifaom tdrfomrsm; jyKjyifay;&ef? 19/ atmufwdkbmausmif;ydwf&ufudk wvvHk;ydwfay;&ef? 20/ Oypmaumvdyfrsm;udk awmifBuD;? jrpfBuD;em;ESifh {&m0wDwdkif;wGif zGifhvSpfay;&ef? 21/ rEÅav;wuúodkvfESifh armfvNrdKifaumvdyfwGif oD;jcm;pmwdkufwckpD zGifhay;&ef/ 463

jrefrmEdkifiHausmif;om;vIyf&Sm;rIordkif; - atmifxGef; q&mrsm;ESifUywfoufí 1/ q&mrsm;\ pmoifcsdefudk qDavsmfatmif pDpOfowfrSwf&ef? 2/ tu,fí tcsdefydkoif&ygu tydkaMu;ay;&ef? 3/ q&mrsm;twGuf oD;oefYtdrfrsm; vHkavmufpGmay;&ef? 4/ q&mrsm;tm; taMumif;rJh tvkyfrS&yfpJjcif; rjyK&ef? (Oyrm- OD;uHñGefY? OD;pHabmf) 5/ q&mrsm;vpm wdk;jr§ifhay;&ef? 6/ q&mvdktyfaom ,ckvdktcsdefwGif q&mrsm;\ tcGifhta&; wdk;jr§ifhcefYxm;rIudk 'D*&Day:wGif rMunfhbJ vkyfoufESifhuRrf;usifrIudk Munfhí oifhawmfovdk &mxl;wdk;jr§ifhjcif;? cefYxm;jcif;rsm; jyKvkyf&ef? 7/ q&mrsm;\qE´udk qefYusifvsuf ausmif;om;ta&;rsm;wGif tpdk;&tmPmjzifh csKyfudkifvsuf 0ifa&muf pGufzufjcif;rjyK&ef/ upm;ckefpm; 1/ Tennis Court rsm;udk &efukefwuúodkvf? aq;odyÜH? &efuif;aumvdyf? xD;wef;aumvdyf? rEÅav; wuúodkvf? armfvNrdKifaumvdyfESifh ausmufjzLaumvdyfwGif ausmif;om;tcsKd;tpm;tvdkuf aqmufvkyf ay;&ef? 2/ rEÅav;wuúodkvfESifh armfvNrdKifaumvdyfwdkYwGif a&ul;uefwpfckpD aqmufvkyfay;&ef? 3/ acwfrDaom tm;upm;½Hkrsm;udk rEÅav;wuúodkvf? armfvNrdKifaumvdyf? ausmufjzLaumvdyf? &efuif; aumvdyf? xD;wef;aumvdyfESifh aq;odyÜHwdkYwGif wckpDaqmufvkyfay;&ef? 4/ um,Avenf;jyq&mrsm;udk aumvdyftoD;oD;wGif cefYxm;&ef? 5/ acwfrDtm;upm;ypönf;rsm; vHkavmufpGmxm;½Sd&ef? 6/ tm;upm;½HkvHkjcHKrItwGuf oHwHcg;rsm; wyfqifay;&ef? 7/ upm;½Hk½Sd ysufpD;aeaom a&csKd;cef;ESifh tdrfomrsm; tjrefqHk; jyKjyifay;&ef? 8/ ysufpD;aeaom trdk;rsm; jyKjyifay;&ef? 9/ "gwfvdkufaeaom "gwfBudK;rsm; ta&;wBuD; jyKjyifay;&ef? 10/ usKd;yJhaeaom Murf;jyifrsm;udk jyKjyifay;&ef? 11/ upm;½Hkü em&Dwck wyfqifay;&ef? ysufpD;aeaom a&csKd;cef;ESifh tdrfomrsm; tjrefqHk;jyKjyifay;&ef/ usef;rma&; 1/ &efukefwuúodkvfaq;½Hkudk wdk;csJUay;&ef? 2/ wdk;csJUonfh aq;½HkwGif aq;0g;ESifh acwfrD prf;oyfypönf;ud&d,mrsm; vHkavmufpGmxm;½Sd&ef? 3/ t&nftcsif;jynfh q&m0efrsm;ESifh olemjyKrsm; vHkavmufpGmxm;½Sd&ef? 4/ ausmif;om;wdkif; tcrJhaq;xkd;cGifhjyK&ef? 5/ rEÅav;wuúodkvfwGif ausmif;om;OD;a&ESifh udkufnDaom ausmif;aq;½Hkwck aqmufvkyf&ef? 6/ armfvNrdKifaumvdyfESifh ausmufjzLaumvdyfrsm;wGif tvm;wlaq;½HkwckpD aqmufvkyf&ef? 7/ ausmif;om;rsm;tm; ul;pufwwfaom a&m*gumuG,faq;rsm; tcsdeftcgtvdkuf xdk;ay;&ef ( OyrmSmallpox, T.B, Anti-cholera)? 8/ wuúodkvfe,fajrrsm;wGif usef;rma&;t&m½Sd (Oyrm-Public Health Inspector ) rsm;xm;½Sd&ef/ ausmif;olrsm;twGuf 1/ ausmif;olrsm;twGuf aq;½Hkwckaqmufvkyfí aq;ukocHEdkif½HkrQru tem;,lEdkif&eftxd aqmif½Guf ay;&ef? 2/ ausmif;olrsm;twGuf tm;upm;½Hkwck wnfaqmufay;&ef? 3/ trsKd;orD;tm;upm;rSL;rsm; cefYtyf&ef/

464

Nidrf;csrf;a&; 'Drdkua&pDa&;BudK;yrf;rI - 1954 rS 1955 - 'Drdkua&pDa&; ausmif;om;xktcGifUta&;umuG,fa&; trsKd;om;a&;toGif aq;odyÜHausmif;om;rsm;twGuf 1/ aq;odyÜHausmif;om;OD;a&ESifh vuf½Sdq&mOD;a&rSm rnDrrQjzpfaeojzifh aemufxyfq&mrsm; wdk;cefYxm; ay;&ef? 2/ aq;odyÜH½Sd ausmif;om;OD;a&ESifh vuf½Sd"gwfcGJcef; toHk;taqmifrsm;rSm rvHkavmufí vHkavmufpGm xm;ay;&ef? 3/ vuf½Sd aq;r[mXmeudk oD;jcm;aumvdyf (Constituent College) tjzpf todtrSwfjyKvkyf ajymif;vTJ ay;&ef? 4/ aq;odyÜHwGif q&maumif;rsm; &½Sdap&ef ,ckq&mrsm;tm; ay;xm;aom vpmEIef;rsm; wdk;jr§ifhay;&ef? 5/ pde*f Ref;vrf;½Sd ausmif;aqmifrsm; ae&mwGif yHpk cH sNyD;om; tkwaf usmif;aqmifrsm;udk tjrefq;kH aqmufvyk f ay;&ef? 6/ vuf½dS 'kw, d ESpf aq;oifwef; (3) Budru f spepfaMumifh ausmif;om;rsm; txl;epfemojzifh repfemap&ef jyefvnfaqG;aEG; jyKjyifay;&ef? (54 a,muf xkwfy,fNyD; jzpfonf/) 7/ aq;odyÜHpmMunfhwdkufwGif acwfrDaompmtkyfrsm; vHkavmufpGmxm;½Sdí vHkavmufpGm iSm;,lzwfEdkif&ef &efyHkaiG wdk;csJUydkrdkoHk;pGJay;&ef? 8/ aq;odyÜH½Sd aq;½HkodkY aq;oifwef;qif;Muaom ausmif;om;rsm;tm; rqif;rD "gwfrSef½dkufjcif;ESifh (6) vwBudrf "gwfrSef ½dkufay;jcif;? 9/ aq;odyÜHudk axmufyHhaMu;topfrsm; yxrESpf0uftwGif;wGif tNyD;owf pDpOfxkwfay;&ef/ q&mtwwfoifausmif;rsm;twGuf 1/ bDattD;'D atmifjrifNyD;aom ausmif;om;rsm;tm; bDt;D 'DoYkd wufa&mufoifMum;vdu k oifMum;cGijhf yK&ef? 2/ axmufyhHaMu;,lxm;aomausmif;om;rsm;tm; tpdk;&tvkyfudk rvkyfvdkygu axmufyHhaMu;aiG (2) q avsmf&rnf qdkonfudk ½kyfodrf;&ef? 3/ bDattD;'Drsm; jyefwrf;0ift&m½Sd vpmay;&ef? 4/ bDattD;'Drsm; tajccHvpm (300) rS &½Sda&;/ tif*sifeD,mausmif;om;rsm;twGuf 1/ tif*sifeD,maumvdyfpmMunfhwdkufwGif pmtkyftjynfhtpHkESifh qdwfNidrfaom pmzwfcef;wck xm;½Sd&ef? 2/ vdktyfaeaom vufawGU prf;oyfcef;rsm; jzpfonfh(u) Thermodynamic lab: (c) Mechanical lab: (*) Sounatary lab: (3) ckudk aqmufvkyfay;&ef? 3/ acwfrDaomyHkpHrsm; ausmif;om;OD;a&tvdkuf jynfhpHkpGm xm;ay;&ef? 4/ acwfrDaom wdkif;onfhypönf;rsm; (Survey Instruments) udk jynfhpHk vHkavmufpGm xm;ay;&ef? 5/ tif*sief , D modyw HÜ ef;rsm;ESio hf ufqikd af om bmom&yfrsm;udk tif*sief , D modyHÜ pmoifcef;rsm;wGif oifMum; Edkif&ef pDpOfay;&ef? 6/ ,ck aqmufvkyfqJ tif*sifeD,modyÜHtaqmuftODudk tjrefqHk;NyD;pD;atmif aqmufvkyf&ef/ &efukefwuúodkvftwGuf 1/ ausmif;om;wkdif; oHk;pGJEdkifaom w,fvDzkef;wyfqifay;&ef? 2/ trsKd;orD; ausmif;aqmifrsm;ü w,fvDzkef;wckpDxm;&ef? 3/ &efuif;ESif xD;wef;aumvdyfausmif;aqmifrsm;ü ausmif;om;rsm;oHk;&ef w,fvDzkef;wckpD xm;½Sd&ef? 4/ &efuif;aumvdyfESifh xD;wef;aumvdyfrsm;udk ,ckuJhodkY rcGJjcrf;bJ &efukefNrdKUü oifhawmfonfh ae&mwGif jynfhpHkaom Oypmaumvdyfwckudk wnfaxmifay;&ef? 5/ ausmif;aqmifOya'rsm;onf rvdkufemEdkifatmif wif;usyfvGef;í tjrefqHk;zsufodrf;í ausmif;aqmif aumfrwDwGif o[m,ESifh pmzwftoif;rS udk,fpm;vS,f (2) OD; yg0ifcGifhjyK&ef? 465

jrefrmEdkifiHausmif;om;vIyf&Sm;rIordkif; - atmifxGef; 6/ o[m,ESihf pmzwftoif;rS awmif;qdck surf sm;udk ausmif;aqmifaumfrwDrS wdu k ½f u kd f ta&;,laqmif½u G f &ef? 7/ yk*aH usmif;aqmifajrae&mü ausmif;aqmifopfwckEiS hf tjcm;ae&mü ausmif;aqmifwck aqmufvyk af y;&ef? 8/ pmzwfcef;ESifh xrif;pm;cef;wdkYudk wywf (2) Budrfusom taqmifaumfrwD cGifhjyKcsuf&rSoHk;jcif;udk y,fzsufí ,cifuuJhodkY ausmif;aqmif ausmif;om;rsm; vdktyfovdk oHk;pGJcGifhjyK&ef? 9/ ausmif;aqmifopfrsm; wckESifhwck pMuFefvrf; cif;ay;&ef? 10/ xrif;pm;csdefrsm;udk oufqdkif&m pmzwftoif;rsm;\ oabmus oifhawmfovdk jyifcGifhay;&ef? 11/ ausmif;aqmif xrif;pm;cef;ü vdktyfaom csdefcGif? tav;? ',ftdk;? ZGef;? yef;uef? cGufrsm; jynfhpHkpGm xm;ay;&ef? 12/ ausmif;om;rsm; upm;ckefpm;a&;twGuf ypönf;rsm;udk tvHktavmuf xkwfay;&ef? 13/ taqmifopfrsm;ü ausmif;om;OD;a&tvdkuf upm;ckefpm; &efyHkaiGudk tcsKd;us ydkrdkay;&ef? 14/ bwfpuufabmESifh abmfvDabmuGif;r½Sdaom taqmifrsm;wGif tjrefqHk;jyKvkyfay;&ef? 15/ &wemESifh rmvmausmif;aqmifrsm;wGif oD&dESifh tif;vsm;aqmifrsm;uJhodkY Murf;cif;rsm; jyKvkyfay;&ef? 16/ oD&daqmifü (4) a,mufom aeoifhaom tcef;rsm;wGif (6) a,muf rxm;&ef? 17/ ausmif;aqmifü ysufpD;,dk,Gif;aeaom "gwfBudK;ESifh "gwfrD;cvkwfrsm; tjrefqHk;vJay;&ef? 18/ ausmif;aqmifcef;wdkif;wGif "gwfrD;? tkyfaqmif;ESifh vdkaom rD;acgif;rsm; wyfqif&ef? 19/ '*Hkausmif;aqmif xrif;pm;cef;wGif rD;zdkrS rD;cdk;rsm; 0ifa&mufjcif;udk jyKjyif&ef? 20/ &efukefwuúodkvfe,fajrtwGif; arSmifrJaeaom vrf;[loí rD;rsm;wyfqifay;&ef? 21/ ausmif;aqmifcef;cudk (10) odkY avQmhcsí pm;aomufa&;ü aiGydk&ef? 22/ rsufESmMuufvdktyfaom ausmif;aqmifxrif;pm;cef;rsm;wGif wyfqifay;&ef? 23/ oxHak usmif;aqmifwcH g;wGif ta&;½Su d oH;k Edik &f eftwGuf tjcm;taqmifrsm;uJo h Ykd rvG,af ygufxm;í n (12) em&Dtxd zGifhxm;ay;&ef? 24/ ausmif;aqmifpm;aomufa&;ESifh ywfoufaom pDrHcefYcGJrItcGifhta&;ESifh tmPm? aiGudk ,cifuJhoYdk ausmif;aqmif pm;aomufa&;trIaqmiftzGJUodkY vTJay;&ef? 25/ ausmif;aqmifrsm;udk ESpfpOf aq;okwfay;&efESifh pmwdkufyHk;wvHk;pD xm;ay;&ef? 26/ vuf½Sd aeYausmif;om;? ausmif;olrsm; em;ae&mtcef; wdk;csJUay;&ef? yefumESifh vQyfppfrD; wyfay;&ef? tdrfomudk oefY½Sif;pGm jyKvkyfay;&ef? 27/ aeYausmif;om;? ausmif;olrsm; pm;aomufa&;twGuf usef;rma&;ESifh nDñGwfí oGm;vma&;vG,ful&ef pm;aomufqdkifwck zGifhvSpfay;&ef? 28/ ausmif;om;OD;a&tvdkuf upm;ckefpm;&efyHkaiG wdk;ay;&efESifh tm;upm;ypönf;rsm; vHkavmufpGmxm;ay; &ef? 29/ aeYausmif;om;rsm;tcef;wGif a&'D,dkwvHk;xm;ay;&ef? 30/ wuúodkvf½Hk;cef;udk wdk;csJUí tvkyform;rsm; ydkrdkcefYxm;ay;&ef/ Oya'ausmif;om;rsm;twGuf 1/ Oya'oifwef;om;rsm;tm; ausmif;aqmifwGif aecGifhjyK&ef? 2/ ausmif;vcavQmh&ef? 3/ Oya'oifwef;pmar;yGJrsm;udk wESpfvQif (2) Budrf ppfaq;ay;&ef/ &efuif;ausmif;om;rsm;twGuf 1/ &efuif;aumvdyfwGif ausmif;aqmifESifh A[kdxrif;pm;cef;rudk qufoG,fí pMuFefvrf;rsm; aqmufvkyf ay;&ef? 2/ vuf½Sd xrif;pm;cef;rsm;wdk;csJUí xrif;pm;cef;wGif xkdifcHk? pm;yGJrStp vdktyfaeaomypönf;rsm; tvHk tavmuf xm;½Sday;&ef? 3/ csufjyKwf&eftcef;twGuf oefY½Sif;pGmESifh ypönf;tpHktvifay;&ef? 466

Nidrf;csrf;a&; 'Drdkua&pDa&;BudK;yrf;rI - 1954 rS 1955 - 'Drdkua&pDa&; ausmif;om;xktcGifUta&;umuG,fa&; trsKd;om;a&;toGif 4/ aumif;rGefoefY½Sif;aom a&csKd;cef;rsm; tvHktavmufay;&ef? 5/ ysufpD;aeaom a&ydkufrsm; jyifqifay;&ef? 6/ a&csKd;cef;wGif t0wfavQmf&ef a
(n) (34) Budrfajrmuf trsKd;om;atmifyJGaehtwGuf Auorsm;tzGJUcsKyf\ tqdkrsm; (34) Budrfajrmuf trsKd;om;atmifyGJaeYü Auorsm;tzGJUcsKyfonf atmufygtqdkrsm;udk wifoGif;cJhonf/ (1) ynma&;tqdk ynma&;&efyHkaiG 10% wdk;jr§ifh&eftwGuf ausmif;om;aygif; (1) oef;txd ½Sdvmí vdktyfvmayonf/ 1954-55 ckESpf ausmif;pwif zGifhcsdefwGif tzufzufrS rvHkavmufrIrsm; awGUMuHKae&í xkdodkY wifoGif;&jcif; jzpf aMumif;/ ausmif;aqmifrsm; topfaqmufvyk af y;&eftwGuf &efuek ?f yJc;l ? awmifi?l yJE, G u f ek ;f ? vufyw H ef;? atmifv?H rdacsmif;&J? puk? [oFmw? ykodrf? zsmyHk? ausmif;ukef;? armfvNrdKifuRef;? a';'&JNrdKUrsm;wGif qE´jyawmif;qdkcJh&m rdacsmif;&J? puk? a';'&JNrdKUrsm;wGif rdbrsm; yg0ifqE´jycJMh uonf/ yJE, G u f ek ;f ? usHKrai;? rd;k ukwNf rdKUrsm;wGif ausmif;om; rsm;udk,fwdkif aiGaMu;pkaqmif;vsuf pmoifcef;rsm; aqmufvkyfcJhygonf/ ausmif;oHk;y&dabm*? q&mrsm; vdktyfcsuf twGuf Nrdwf? ausmif;ukef;? [oFmw? awmifil? Aef;armf? rdk;ukwfNrdKUrsm;wGif pmroifMum;awmhbJ qE´jyawmif;qdkrI jyKvkyfcJhayonf/ ppfom;wa,muftwGuf wvvQif (330) usyfrQ oHk;aecsdef? ausmif;om;wa,muftwGuf (8) usyf (60) jym;om oHk;aeavonf/ xdkodkY vdktyfcsufrsm;aMumifh aemifwacwfwGif wm0ef,lrnfh ausmif;om;rsm;rSm t&nftcsif; rjynfhjzpfMu avonf/ xdkYaMumifh ynma&;toHk;p&dwfudk 10% wdk;jr§ifh&ef awmif;qdkcJhygonf/ (2) zdESdyfcsKyfcs,frIOya'rsm; ½kwfodrf;&eftqdk jynfaxmifpkjrefrmEdkifiHawmf tajccHzGJUpnf;yHk tajccHpnf;rsOf;Oya'wGif vGwfvyfpGm a&;om;ajymqdkcGifh? vGwfvyfpGm udk;uG,fcGifh? ,HkMunfcGifh? vGwfvyfpGm pnf;½Hk;cGifh? ta&;qdkcGifh paom tajccH'Drdkua&pD tcGifhta&;rsm;udk jy|mef; twnfjyKxm;aomfvnf; ,aeYwGif xdktcGifhta&;udk wm;qD;csKyfcs,fjcif; trsKd;rsKd;jzifh zsufqD;cHae&onf/ vGwv f yfpmG ajymqdpk nf;½H;k cGihf r½Sad p&ef tmPm½Syd gwD0ifrsm;tm; raxmufco H l rSeo f rQtm; taMumif;rjybJ zrf;qD;xm;Edkifaom yk'fr (5) jzifh csKyfcs,fzrf;qD;um ESpf½Snfvrsm; tusOf;csxm;jcif;? pDwef; vSnfhvnfqE´jycGifh 467

jrefrmEdkifiHausmif;om;vIyf&Sm;rIordkif; - atmifxGef; r½Sdap&ef trdefYcH,lapjcif;? oydwfwm;Oya'rsm;jzifh tcGifhta&;awmif;qdkcGifhudk ydwfyifxm;jcif;? tmPmvuf½SdygwD rsm;ESihf qefYusio f rl sm;udk aomif;use;f olrsm;[k wHqyd u f yfum opömazmufOya'rsm;jzifh owfjzwfaejcif;? tpd;k &tzGUJ udk ra0zef&Jatmif yk'fr (500) toa&zsufrIOya'rsm; jyKvkyfMuHpnfaeayonf/ &efukefwuúodkvf? atmufwdkbmausmif;wvydwfa&; ausmif;om;vIyf½Sm;rIonf ausmif;om;w&yfvHk; vdk vm;axmufcrH I &cJo h nft h jyif qdik &f mtmPmydik w f Ykd EiS ahf wGUqHu k m at;csrf;pGm qE´jyawmif;qdck ahJ omfvnf; ausmif;om; acgif;aqmifrsm; tpkvu kd f tjyHKvdu k f ausmif;xkwcf &H jcif;? zrf;qD;cH&jcif; ponfh zdEydS cf sKyfcs,frrI sm; cHpm;cJ&h avonf/ ,ckuo hJ Ykd yk'x f ;D yk'rf trsKd;rsKd;udk rvdw k rsKd;vdw k rsKd; oH;k pGv J suf½o dS nft h jyif wdww f w d yf ek ;f wrsKd;? ajAmifwrsKd; Ncdrf;ajcmufowfjzwfum 'Drdkua&pDtcGifhta&;rsm;udk ydwfyifwm;qD;aeayonf/ xdkYaMumifh EdkifiHw0Srf;vHk;½Sd jynfol vlxkrSm ]aponfUuRef? xGefonfUEGm;yrm} vkyfcHae&½kHrQ ae&ayonf/ odYk ygaomaMumifh ArmEdik if t H m; 'Dru kd a&pDenf;pepfus xlaxmifxm;aom wdik ;f oljynfom;rsm; tajccHtcGihf ta&;ay;um jynfoYl tpd;k & xlaxmifvykd gvQif tajccHpnf;rsO;f \ Oya'udck sK;d azmufum vuf½jdS yKusichf ahJ om csKyfcs,rf I yk'fxD;yk'frtrsKd;rsKd;udk ½kyfodrf;&ef awmif;qdkvdkuf&ayonf/ a
(#) (35) Budrfajrmuf trsKd;om;atmifyGJaeh tqdkrsm; ynma&;tqdk (1) pmar;yGJcsausmif;xkwfpepf usifhoHk;jcif;? (2) wuúodkvf oHk;cgusausmif;xkwfpepf usifhoHk;jcif;? (3) wuúodkvf0ifpmar;yGJrsm;wGif pmar;yGJ0ifcGifh (3) ESpf ydwfyifjcif;? (4) wuúodkvf0ifpmar;yGJESifh [dkufpul;zdkife,f cGJjcm;um pmar;yGJESpfqifh jyKvkyfjcif;rsm;udk vHk;0uefYuGufvdkufygaMumif;/ (1) atmufwb kd mausmif;wvydwaf &; ta&;awmfyt kH wGuf ausmif;xkwcf x H m;&olrsm;tm; ausmif;0ifciG aUf y;&ef? (2) atmufwb kd mausmif;wvydwaf &; ta&;awmfyt kH wGuf zrf;qD;0&rf;xkwx f m;aom ausmif;om;acgi;f aqmif ESpfOD;wdkhtm; zrf;0&rf;½kyfodrf;&ef awmif;qdkvdkufygaMumif;/ 'Drdkua&pDynma&; wnfaqmufa&;tqdk ,aeY oifMum;aeaom ynma&;rSm a½S;,cifuo hJ Ykdyif ausmif;rSxu G v f Qif bmrQvyk u f ikd pf rG ;f r½Sb d J taptyg; vkyfief;rsm;om vkyfwwfonfh ynma&;yif jzpfonf/ oifMum;&aom ynm&yfrsm;rSmvnf; acwfrrDí avmu"gwf ynmenf;ESifh udkufnDrSefuefaom ynm&yfrsm;tm; tawG;tac: vGJacsmfapaom ynm&yfrsm;? wdk;wufvsuf½Sdaom avmu"gwfynmESihf rudu k n f aD om? rSeu f efrrI ½Sad om ynm&yfrsm;udk oifMum;ae&ayonf/ wdik ;f jynf BuD;yGm;wd;k wuf a&;twGuf pufrIvufrIynm&yfrsm;udk wdwdusus oifMum;ay;&rnfhtpm; roifMum;bJ aecJhayonf/ jrefrmtrsKd; om; ,Ofaus;rIyHkpHESifh udkufnDaom trsKd;om;pmrsm; oifMum;&rnfhtpm; t*Fvdyfbmomudk ,aeYtxd t"duxm;í 468

Nidrf;csrf;a&; 'Drdkua&pDa&;BudK;yrf;rI - 1954 rS 1955 - 'Drdkua&pDa&; ausmif;om;xktcGifUta&;umuG,fa&; trsKd;om;a&;toGif oifMum; ae&avonf/ oifMum;&aom ynm&yfrsm;rSm jynfolw&yfvHk; tusKd;jyK&rnfhtpm; rdrdwudk,faumif; ynm&yfrsm;om jzpfaecJhonf/ xkYd aMumifh jrefrmjynf\ ynma&;pepfonf rnfoYkd yif jynfawmfomynma&;yif a
jrefrmEdkifiHausmif;om;vIyf&Sm;rIordkif; - atmifxGef; xdkYaMumifh ,aeY tpdk;&onf vlxktm; zdESdyfjcif;? 'Drdkua&pD tcGifhta&;rsm;udk enf;trsKd;rsKd;jzifh wm;qD; ydwfyifjcif;rsm;udk av;eufpGm uefYuGufvdkuf&ygonf/ Nidrf;csrf;a&;tqdk ,refEpS u f ynma&;toH;k p&dwf ode;f (900) oH;k &mrS? ,ckEpS w f iG f ode;f (754) ode;f avsmch so;kH pGv J mayonf/ þodkY ynma&;toHk;p&dwfudk avsmhoHk;vmjcif;rSm ynma&;udk vspfvsL½Ijcif;ESifh zdESdyfrIjzpfaom wdkif;jynfumuG,fa&; ppftoHk;p&dwfudk rsm;pGmoHk;pGJjcif;aMumifh jzpfonf/ ppfwyftwGuf odef; (4000) ausmf oHk;pGJaeayonf/ ppfom;w a,muftwGuf vufeufu&d , d mrS tvH;k pHw k yfqifa&;twGuf wESpf (4000) ausmf ukeu f saecsed f ausmif;om;wa,muf twGuf wESpf (350d^-) om oH;k pGaJ eayonf/ ppfom;wa,muf (1) ESpo f ;kH aiGukd ausmif;om;aygif; (11) a,mufausmf twGuf oH;k pGEJ ikd af yonf/ ,cktcsdet f xd jyLapmxD;pDru H ed ;f qdNk yD; trIxrf;rsm;? t&yfom;rsm;tm; vufeufwyfqif&ef twGuf wc½dik v f Qif (1) ode;f owfrw S x f m;ay&m ¤if;aiGukd ynma&;wGio f ;kH pGv J Qif ausmif;taqmuftOD taumif;qH;k waqmifaomf vnf;aumif; (odkYr[kwf) ausmif;om;aygif; (300) rQavmuf vnf;aumif; oHk;pGJEdkifayonf/ þodkY ppfwyfrsm;twGuf oHk;pGJae&jcif;rSm jynfwGif;ppf vufeufudkif wdkufcdkufae&jcif;aMumifh jzpfonf/ jynfwGif;ppfudk &yfpJum at;csrf;om,mrI½SdrSomvQif ,aeYppftoHk;p&dwfrsm;avsmhyg;um ynma&;udk wdk;wufoHk;pGJ Edkifrnf jzpfayonf/ jynfwiG ;f ppf jzpfymG ;onfrmS (7) ESpf (7) vausmf MumcJah yNyD/ jynfwiG ;f ppfjzpfymG ;&jcif;rSm zdEydS cf sKyfcs,jf cif;ESihf EdkifiHa&; rauseyfrIrS jzpfay:jcif;udk trSDjyKum vufeufpGJudkif ajz½Sif;jcif;aMumifh jzpfay:vm&ayonf/ ppfaMumifh vlxkrsm;pGm toufqHk;½IH;jcif;? pnf;pdrfOpömrsm; ysufjyKef;&jcif;ESifh awGUMuHK&NyD; wOD;ESifhwOD; tjywftowf ESdrfeif;Edkif jcif;iSm rpGr;f ombJjzpfaeonf/ jynfwiG ;f ppfu&kd yfp&J efrmS wOD;ESiw hf OD; awGUqHak qG;aEG;um at;csrf;om,mpGm ajz½Si;f EdkifrSomvQif jzpfayrnf/ odYk aMumifh tpd;k &ESihf vufeufpu JG ikd af wmfveS af eolwYkd awGUqHak qG;aEG;um jynfwiG ;f ppf&yfpNJ yD; jynfwiG ;f Nidr;f csrf;a&;udk t&,lMu&ef awmif;qdkvdkufygaMumif;/ urÇmha&;&mtqdk 'kw, d urÇmppfaMumifh vlrsm;pGmaoaMuí taqmuftODrsm;pGm jymyHt k wd a&mufc&hJ onf/ odYktwGuf urÇmol urÇmom;wdYk rmS ppfukd rsm;pGm½GUH ½Smrke;f wD;vmonf/ awGUMuHKcJ&h aom oifcef;pmaMumifh ppfjzpfa&;udyk if jiif;qdv k sufyif ½Sdonf/ odYk aomf ppfukd ½GUH rke;f um rvdv k m;aom urÇmol? urÇmom;wdYk EiS q hf efYusifzufjyKum aoG;aqmifol wpkonf aemufxyf urÇmppfBuD;wck ay:aygufa&;twGuf enf;trsKd;rsKd;jzifh BudK;pm;vsuf ½Sdaeonf/ rdrdwdkY\ wdkif;jynfrsm;ü ppftoH;k p&dwf wd;k jr§iu hf m ppfom;rsm;wd;k csJUjcif;? vufeufwyfqifjcif;? tpkvu kd t f jyHKvku d f aoapwwfaom tEkjrLAH;k ? [du k 'f ½d*k sifA;kH rsm; prf;oyfazmufcjJG cif;rsm; jyKvkyv f suf ½Sad eonf/ ud&k ;D ,m;? AD,uferfwYkd wiG f jzpfymG ;aom ppfyrJG sm;udk vnf; rNyD;qHk;atmif MuHaqmifcJhMuonf/ aewdk;? qD;wdk; ppftkyfpkrsm;zGJUum ppfjzpf&ef jyifqifjcif;? vIHUaqmfjcif;rsm; jyKvkyfaeayonf/ þodkY aoG;iwfolwpkonf ppftwGufvIHUaqmfjyifqifjcif;rSm ¤if;wdkY\ tjrwftpGef;&½Sda&;twGuf vlom; w&yfvHk;tm; ysufjyKef;ap&ef MuHaqmifjcif;? urÇmol? urÇmom;wdkY\qE´udk ypfy,fjcif;om jzpfayonf/ odkYtwGuf aMumifh aemufxyf ppfBuD;wck ray:aygufa&;twGuf umuG,af &;toH;k p&dwf avsmhcsjcif;? ppfom;rsm; avQmhayghjcif;/ vufeufrsm; prf;oyfjcif;? usL;ausmfapmfum;rIrsm; jyKjcif;? ppftkyfpkrsm; zGJUjcif;rsm;udk wm;jrpf&ef vdktyfayonf/ ppfBuD;rjzpfyGm;ap&eftwGuf wif;rmrIrsm;udk at;csrf;om,mpGm awGUqHkaqG;aEG;ajz½Sif;&ef vdkayonf/ þodkY ajz½Sif; jcif;aMumifhvnf; AD,uferf? udk&D;,m;wGif ppf&yfpJí ppfajyNidrf;jcif;rsm; xkwfazmfEdkifcJhayonf/ odYk twGuf ausmif;om;xkEiS hf vlxw k &yfv;kH onf aemufxyfwzef ppfBuD; rjzpfymG ;a&;twGuf ppftoH;k p&dwf avsmhayghjcif;? ppftiftm;avsmhjcif;? vufeufBuD;rsm; prf;oyfjcif; rjyKvkyfjcif;? ppfpmcsKyf? ppftkyfpkrsm;udk zsufodrf; jcif;? usL;ausmfrrI sm;udk a½SmifuiG ;f jcif;rsm;jyKvkyu f m wOD;ESiw hf OD; awGUqHak qG;aEG;jcif;jzifh urÇmYwif;rmrIrsm; avsmhyg; um urÇmYNidrf;csrf;a&;twGuf awmif;qdkMu&ef? aqmif½GufMu&ef tqdkwifoGif;vdkufygonf/ þodkYjzifh &mZ0ifrSwfwrf;wif&r,fh (35) BudrfajrmuftrsKd;om;aeYrSm uRefawmfwdkY ausmif;om;xkawG[m (1) udkvdkeDynma&;pepfzsufodrf;a&;ESifh 'Drdkua&pDynma&;wnfaqmufa&;? 470

Nidrf;csrf;a&; 'Drdkua&pDa&;BudK;yrf;rI - 1954 rS 1955 - 'Drdkua&pDa&; ausmif;om;xktcGifUta&;umuG,fa&; trsKd;om;a&;toGif (2) zdESdyfcsKyfcs,frIawG wGef;vSefypfa&;ESifh 'Drdkua&pDtcGifhta&;rsm; &½Sda&;? (3) e,fcsJUpepf (0g) vuf0g;BuD;tkyft&if;½Sifpepf zsufodrf;a&;? trsKd;om;vGwfvyfa&; xdef;odrf;jr§ifh wifa&;? (4) jynfwGif;ppf&yfpJa&;? jynfwGif;Nidrf;csrf;a&;ESifh trsKd;om;nDñGwfa&; wnfaqmufa&;? (5) wwd,urÇmppfwm;qD;a&;? urÇmYNidr;f csrf;a&; xde;f odr;f umuG,af &;vkyif ef;BuD;awGukd taumiftxnf azmfEikd zf Ykd twGuf ausmif;om;xkw&yfv;kH [m nDnñ D w G ñ f w G f wdu k yf 0JG ifMu&ef qH;k jzwft"d|mefjyKMuygpdUk /

(X) Auorsm;tzGJUcsKyf pwkw¦tBudrfnDvmcH pwkw¬tBudrfajrmuf ArmEdkifiHvHk;qdkif&mausmif;om;or*¾rsm;tzGJUcsKyf nDvmcHBuD;udk 13? 1? 1955 &uf aeYwiG f usif;ycJyh gonf/ þnDvmcHonf &efuek w f uúov kd o f r*¾ (25) ESpaf jrmuf aiG&wkobifyaJG wmfBuD;ESihf wquf wnf; usif;yaomaMumifh ArmEdkifiHausmif;om;xkBuD; w&yfvHk;ESifh or*¾&mZ0ifwGif xl;jrwfaomt"dyÜg,fudk aqmifcJh ygonf/ 1954-55 ckEpS f yxrydik ;f wGif tmPmydik rf sm;u or*¾ukd ausmif;aumifpjD zifh tpm;xk;d zsufq;D &ef MuH½, G cf ahJ y onf/ qdk½S,fvpfvufyg;ap 'Dtufpftdkrsm;ESifh tmPmydkifrsm;udk ckcHumuG,fum &efukefwuúodkvfor*¾onf (25) ESpfajrmuf tcrf;tem;udk usif;ycJhayonf/ xdkodkY usif;yEdkifjcif;onf &efukefwuúokdvfor*¾ wnfjrJa&;ESifh ckcHwdkufcdkufum atmifyGJqifETJjcif; jzpfayonf/ þatmifyGJESifhtwl Auorsm;tzGJUcsKyf nDvmcHusif;yvdkufjcif;onf a½SUwGif ArmEdkifiHvHk;qdkif&mor*¾ tzGJUtpnf;rsm; ysufpD;&ef &nf½G,fcsufudk wdkufzsuf&ef tm;opfavmif;vdkufjcif; jzpf&m ausmif;om;xkw&yfvHk;ESifh or*¾&mZ0ifwGif xl;jrwfaom t"dyÜg,faqmifcJhayonf/

(!) taxGaxGtwGif;a&;rSL; udkaZmf0if; (Auorsm;tzGJUcsKyf) wifoGif;aom tpD&ifcHpm uRefawmfwdkY Auorsm;tzGJUcsKyfonf ausmif;om;vdktyfcsufrsm;ta&;ESifh ywfoufí 1954 ck? ZGefrS pufwifbmvtxd &efukef? vufyHwef;? awmifil? yJEG,fukef;? atmifvH? rdacsmif;&J? puk? [oFmw? ykodrf? zsmyHk? ausmif;ukef;? armfvNrdKifuRef;? a';'&JNrdKUrsm;wGif ausmif;aqmifopf aqmufvkyfa&;? a[mif;EGrf;aeaom ausmif;rsm; jyifqifa&;twGuf awmif;qdkwdkufyGJ0ifcJhygonf/ rdacsmif;&J? a';'&JNrdKUrsm;wGif ausmif;om;rsm; yg0ifqE´jycJhygonf/ yJEG,fukef;? usKHrai; paomNrdKUrsm;wGif ausmif;om;rsm;onf rdrdwdkY udk,fwdkifaiGaMu;aumufcHum aqmufvkyfcJhMu onf/ Nrdwf? awmifil? ausmif;ukef;? Aef;armf? [oFmw? rdk;ukwfNrdKUrsm;wGif qE´jyawmif;qdkcJhMu\/ NrdwfNrdKUü pmroifMum;bJ xkid o f ydwaf rSmuf qE´jyonftxd tqifah &mufco hJ nf/ þodYk jzifh ArmEdik if t H &yf&yfwiG f ausmif;om;xk w&yfv;kH vdt k yfcsuftwGuf awmif;qdrk rI sm; jyKvkycf ahJ omfvnf; atmifjrifpmG raqmif½u G Ef ikd o f nft h wGuf ausmif;om; xk vdktyfcsufESifh awmif;qdkrIrSm atmifjrifrIESifh a0;cJh&ayonf/ ausmif;om;tcGifhta&;umuG,fa&;twGuf ausmif;om;rsm;vkdvm;csuf? epfemcsufrsm;udk zqyv qdk½S,f vpfwdkY tydkifpD;xm;aom tpdk;&onf ausmif;om;xktm; zdESdyfcsKyfcs,fum ausmif;om;tcGifhta&;rsm;udk ydwfyifwm; qD;&efBudK;yrf;cJo h nf/ ausmif;om;ta&;wGif pGr;f pGr;f wrHaqmif½u G cf ahJ om ppfawGc½dik af usmif;om;or*¾ Ouú| udak usmf vSjzLESifh trIaqmif (3) a,muftm; ausmif;xkwfypfcJhjcif;? tzGJUcsKyf 'k-Ouú| udkxGef;azudk zrf;qD;jcif; jyKvkyfcJhay onf/ ausmif;om;or*¾wiG f acgif;aqmiforl sm;tm; or*¾wiG f rvkyyf gbl;[k 0efcu H wdjyKum ausmif;wGif vufcjH cif; jyKcJhayonf/ awmifilrS (7) a,muf? tif;pdefrS (4) a,muf? OuúHrS (3) a,mufwdkYtm; ausmif;xkwfjcif;rsm; jyKrl cJo h nf/ ArmEdik if t H &yf&yf½dS ausmif;om;acgif;aqmifrsm;tm; Ncdr;f ajcmufjcif;rsm; jyKcJah yonf/ &efuek Nf rdKU tpd;k &ausmif; rsm;wGif or*¾rzGJUEdkifap&ef tpdk;&u q&mBuD;rsm;tm; tcGifhray;bJ xm;cJhonf/ &efukefNrdKU A[dktpdk;&ausmif;rS ausmif;q&mrBuD;u ydwyf ifcahJ vonf/ trsKd;orD; pmoifwef;ausmif;rSm apmapmydik ;f wGif zGUJ cGirhf ay;bJ xm;NyD;aemuf q&mrBuD; a':oef;oef;u 'Dtufpt f rkd sm; ac:,lum or*¾zUJG ay;cJo h nf/ þrQyifruao; &efuek Nf rdKU½Sd Edik if aH wmftpd;k & ausmif;rsm;wGif ausmif;om; aMunmpmwrf;rsm; a0iSjcif;rjyK&ef? ruyf&[laom trdeYf rsm; xkwjf yefco hJ nf/ aemufq;kH trSwf (4) pH&dyfNidrf? pHy,fjcH? urm½Gwf½Sd tzGJUcsKyfwnf&mudkyif ykvdyfrsm;jzifh0dkif;0ef;um ypönf;rsm;½SmazGjcif;? pm ul;puf? vufESdyfpuf? pm½Gufpmwrf;rsm; odrf;jcif; jyKvkyfcJhayonf/ þodkY ausmif;om;tcGifhta&; ydwfyifwm;qD; &m0,f ynma&;XmerS wdww f qdwñ f eT Mf um;um zqyvqd½k , S v f pfwYkdu q&mrsm;udk "g;pmcHtjzpfapcdik ;f jcif; jyKvkycf hJ 471

jrefrmEdkifiHausmif;om;vIyf&Sm;rIordkif; - atmifxGef; ayonf/ odYk aomf q&mtenf;i,frt S y ajrmufrsm;pGmaom q&mrsm;onf cdik ;f aponft h wkid ;f rvky½f rkH Qru tcsKUd a'o rsm;wGif ausmif;om;xkzufrS yg0ifaqmif½GufcJhayonf/ þodkYjzifh Auorsm;tzGJUcsKyfonf ausmif;om;xkw&yfvHk; pkpnf;NyD;umuG,&f ef ½Sv d mayonf/ þwm0efupkd ;l pdu k u f m rxrf;aqmifEikd cf o hJ nft h wGuf zqyvtpd;k &onf vuf&J Zuf&Jjzpfum wjznf;jznf; zdESdyfvmonfudk awGU½kHrQru ausmif;om;xkw&yfvHk;uvnf; tzGJUcsKyftay:wGif rSDcdktm; xm;jcif;rsm; wjznf;jznf; uG,af ysmufvmonfukd awGU&ayonf/ a½SUwGif tzGUJ csKyfonf ausmif;om;vdt k yfcsurf sm;udk aqmif½Gufjcif;? tcGifhta&;udk umuG,fjcif;vkyfief;rsm;udk zdzdpD;pD;tm½Hkpl;pkdufum raqmif½GufEdkifygu ausmif;om; xkw&yfvHk; ,HkMunftm;udk; axmufcHrIrsm;onf avsmhenf;vmrnfyif jzpfavonf/ tzGJUcsKyfonf or*¾tzGJUcGJrsm; zGJUpnf;a&;twGuf rEÅav;? ppfudkif;? a½Tbdk? aumvif;? rdk;n§if;? uom? Aef;armf? jrpfBuD;em;? jynf? o&uf? armfvNrdKif? xm;0,f? &cdkifwdkif;? jrpf0uRef;ay:a'orsm;? jrif;jcH? rdwD¬vm? awmifil? om,m0wD? tkwfzdk? wdkufBuD;? yJcl;rS ysOf;rem;txd vnf;aumif;? pnf;½Hk;a&;rsm; qif;cJhMuaomfvnf; tiftm;wdk;oifhoavmuf rwdk;jcif;um; Auorsm;tzGJUcsKyfonf ausmif;om;tusKd;ESifh tcGifhta&;udk a½SUwef;rS rm;rm;rwfrwf &yfwnfum aqmif½Gufrnfh ausmif;om;xk rSDcdktm;xm;&m tzGJUtpnf;BuD; w&yf[k ausmif;om;xk w&yfv;kH u rjrifao;onft h wGuf jzpfonf/ ausmif;om;xk pnf;½H;k a&;wGiv f nf; wzufrS tzGUJ csKyfu avsmh&aJ eonf ESifhtrQ qdk½S,fvpfvufyg;ap ausmif;om;opömazmuf 'DtufpftdkwdkYonf q&mrsm; tultnDjzifh vnf;aumif;? Ncdrf;ajcmufjcif;jzifh vnf;aumif;? tzGJUcsKyfpnf;½Hk;a&;udk zsufqD;&ef MuH½G,fcJhMuonf/ þodkY aqmif½Gufcsufrsm;udk wm;qD;&efrSm ausmif;om;xk pnf;½Hk;nDñGwfa&;jzifh jyefvnf wkHYjyefwdkufcdkufrI½SdrSom jzpfEdkifayvdrfhrnf/ þodkY wdkufcdkufjcif; rjyKcJhygvQif? tzGJUcsKyf pnf;½Hk;a&;onf NydKuGJysufpD; &ayvdrfhrnf/ xdkYaMumifh vmrnfhESpf trIaqmiftzGJU tm;? tzGJUcsKyfpnf;½Hk;a&;tm; pepfwusvkyfudkifyg&ef wdkufwGef;vdkuf&ygonf/ jyefMum;a&;AsL½dkonf or*¾*sme,fwapmif xkwfa0&ef tpdk;&xH cGifhawmif;cJhaomfvnf; r&½SdcJhay/ þodkY r&aomfvnf; jyefMum;a&;AsL½dkonf tjcm;enf;vrf;rsm; ½SmazGvkyfaqmifoifhonf/ þodkY raqmif½Gufygu tzGJUcsKyf vkyif ef;rsm;udk or*¾crJG sm;u pHak phpmG rod jzpfc&hJ ayonf/ jyefMum;a&;AsL½dt k aeESihf Auorsm;tzGUJ csKyf owif;pmapmifukd (1) BudrfomvQif xkwfa0 jzefYcsdEdkifayonf/ &cdkifwdkif;rS ausmif;om;rsm;tm; ppfwyfrS rw&m;zrf;qD; n§Of;qJjcif;ESifh ywfoufí ausmif;om;awGudk zrf;NyD[laom aMunmcsufwapmifESifh wwd,tBudrfajrmuftzGJUcsKyf nDvmcHwGif &efuek w f uúov kd af usmif;om; tcGit hf a&;umuG,af &;aumfrwDrS Ouú| udt k ek ;f armif wifoiG ;f onfh atmufwb kd mta&; awmfyHk tpD&ifcHpmudk xkwfa0jzefYcsdcJhaomfvnf; qufoG,fa&; tcuftcJrsm;aMumifh e,for*¾wdkif;odkY ra&mufcJhay/ jyefMum;a&;AsL½dk ysuf,Gif;csufrsm; ½SdcJhonfrSm b@ma&;csKdUwJhrIaMumifhvnf; wydkif;yg0ifayonf/ ausmif;om;rsm; oufomacsmifcsda&;twGuf tzGJUcsKyfrSOD;pD;um aqmif½Gufoifhayonf/ þvkyfief;rSm ,aeY Armausmif;om;xktwGuf ta&;wBuD; tm½Hkpl;pdkufvkyf&rnfhtvkyfjzpfay&m oufomacsmifcsda&;AsL½dkonf ausmif;om;rsm; oufomacsmifcsda&; w&yfzGJU&ef BudK;pm;cJhaomfvnf; ratmifjrifcJhay/ urÇmYausmif;om; oufom acsmifcsda&;aumfrwDESifh tquftoG,f rvkyfonfhtjyif urÇmYausmif;om;rsm;or*¾rSay;aom oGm;bufXme ud&d,m rsm;udv k nf; b@ma&;tcuftcJaMumifh ,cktcsdet f xd a½G;,lEikd jf cif;r½So d nfukd awGU&onf/ [oFmwNrdKU rD;ab;oifh &mwGif 'ku©a&muf&aom ausmif;om;rsm; twGuf wjynfvHk;½Sd ausmif;om;or*¾rS wwftm;oa½GU 0dkif;0ef;ulnD&ef ñTefMum;ay;EdkifcJhonf/ &efukefwuúodkvf? [oFmwc½dkif ausmif;ol? ausmif;om;rsm;ESifh aqG;aEG;yl;aygif;um ausmif; om;? ausmif;olrsm;xH tvSLaiGaumufcNH yD; pmtkypf mwrf;rsm;udk [oFmw rD;ab;oifh ausmif;om; rsm;tm; tultnD ay;cJhonf/ EdkifiHjcm;qufoG,fa&;aumfrwDtaeESifh urÇmYausmif;om;or*¾rsm;tzGJUcsKyfESifh qufoG,fxm;onfh tavsmuf qufoG,frIvkyfief;rsm; aqmif½Guf&ayrnf/ tjcm;urÇmt&yf&yf½Sd ausmif;om;rsm;ESifhvnf; qufoG,f&ef BudK;pm;&ayrnf/ urÇmYausmif;om;rsm;or*¾ (I.U.S) odkY tpD&ifcHpmtjzpf owif;rsm;? (2) Budrfom ydkYaqmifEdkifcJh onf/ ay;ydYk aompmrsm;? owif;pm*sme,frsm;rSm vrf;wGif aysmufq;kH ae&m aysmufq;kH rIukd wm0ef,al om pmwdu k zf uf tm; xda&mufpmG ta&;rqdEk ikd f jzpfco hJ nf/ (I.U.S) ud, k pf m;vS,jf zpfaom trf'AvsL½du k o f nf &efuek Nf rdKUodYk acwå0if a&mufvm&m tzGJUcsKyfudk,fpm;vS,frsm; oGm;a&muf awGUqHkaqG;aEG;onf/ urÇmY'Drdkua&pDvli,frsm;tzGJUcsKyfodkY quf oG,fa&;pm ay;ydkYcJhonf/ MopaMw;vswuúodkvf ausmif;om;rsm;nDvmcHBuD;odkY tzGJUcsKyf o0PfvTm ay;ydkYcJhonf/ urÇmYausmif;om;rsm;aumifpD tpnf;ta0;yGu J kd armfpudw k iG f usif;yrnfukd tzGUJ csKyf ud, k pf m;vS,f jzpfaom udpk ed 0f if;? udkvSatmif? udkausmfjrifhwdkYtm; a½G;cs,fcJhNyD;aemuf EdkifiHul;vufrSwfrxkwfay;í roGm;a&mufEdkifcJhay/ (___) rS vli,f*sme,ft,f'Dwm pwDAifyD;aumhonf &efukefodkYvma&mufí tajctaetrsKd;rsKd;udk vli,fa&;? ausmif;om; 472

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Nidrf;csrf;a&; 'Drdkua&pDa&;BudK;yrf;rI - 1954 rS 1955 - 'Drdkua&pDa&; ausmif;om;xktcGifUta&;umuG,fa&; trsKd;om;a&;toGif 4/ udkwifa½T upm;ckefpm;ESifh ,Ofaus;rIjr§ifhwifa&;Xmewm0efcH 5/ udk0if;xG#f vlxkqufoG,fa&;ESifh aygif;oif;qufqHa&;wm0efcH 6/ udkwifxGef; ausmif;om;oufomacsmifcsda&;wm0efcH wdkYudk wm0efcGJa0cJhNyD; wuo trIaqmiftzGJUrSudkcifarmiftkef; tdk;a0wm0efcHtjzpf udkpdef0if; pmMunfhwdkufrSL; wdkYtm; cefYxm;cJhw,f/ 1954-55 ckESpf tdk;a0r*¾Zif;aumfrwDrSm (1) udkcifarmiftHk; wm0efcHt,f'Dwm (2) udkoef;wif (bDat) aiGxdef; (3) udkatmifEdkif tvkyfwm0efcH (4) udkatmifoef;av; twGif;a&;rSL; (5) udkcifarmifvwf trIaqmif (6) udkbkef;vIdif trIaqmif (7) rcifcifwdk; trIaqmif 1954-55 ckESpf pmMunfUwdkufrSmvJ (1) udkpdef0if; pmMunfhwdkufrSL; (2) udkjrifha0 (3) udkxGef;&D ('*Hk) (4) udkwifxGef;av; (aeY) (5) udkudkBuD; (aeY) (6) udk0if;Munf (ppfudkif;) (7) Owdkudkoef;wif b@ma&;rSL; wdkY wm0ef,lcJhw,f/ &efukefwuúodkvfausmif;om;or*¾&JU pm&if;ppftjzpf OD;oef;wltm; cefYxm;cJhw,f/ upm;ckefpm;aumifpDrSmvnf; (1) udkwifa½T (2) pwifavr*spf (3) csmvD (4) apmodef;a½T (5) udkcifarmifjrifh wdkY wm0ef,lcJhw,f/ wuúodkvftkyfcsKyfa&;aumifpDwGif ausmif;om;awG&JU vdktyfcsuf? vdkvm;csuf? awmif;qdkcsufawGeJYwuG &efuek w f uúov kd w f ckv;kH eJY ywfoufwhJ jyóem&yfawGukd pOf;pm;wJah e&mrSm ausmif;om;xku, kd pf m; wuo ud, k pf m; vS,t f jzpf (1) OD;xGe;f wif (bDat? bDt,f) eJY (2) OD;armifarmifwif (bDat? tDt,f) wdYkukd a½G;cs,w f ifajr§mufcw hJ ,f/ OD;xGef;wif[m axmufyhHaMu;aumfrwDeJY &dyfomaumfrwDrSmvnf; wuoudk,fpm;vS,ftjzpf wm0ef,l aqmif½u G cf w hJ ,f/ OD;armifarmifwifrmS ausmif;aqmifaumfrwDeYJ aq;½Hak umfrwDrmS qufvufwm0ef,l aqmif½u G v f suf ½Sdaew,f/ ausmif;aqmifaumfrwDrSm ausmif;om;xkukd,fpm;vS,ftjzpf wuorS udkcifarmiftkef;eJY udkwifa½TwdkY yg0ifcJhw,f/ wuo Ouú| usrf;opömusdefqdkyGJudk (16? 11? 54) rSm ,k'oefcef;rBuD;rSm usif;ycJhw,f/ 'Dusrf;opömusdefqdkyGJrSmvnf; wuotrIaqmiftzGJU&JU 0g'ESifhvkyfief;pOfawGudk wifjycJhw,f/ &Jabmfw-hkd igwdkY wuotrIaqmiftzGJU[m (1) tqifhtwef;jrifhaom ynma&;ESifh ausmif;om;b0 om,majzmifhjzL;a&;? (2) ausmif;om;nDñGwfa&;ESifh w&m;rQwaom jyóemwkdif;wGif aqmif½Gufvdkaom ausmif;om;tiftm;pk rsm;? ausmif;om;tzGJUtpnf;rsm;ESifh yl;aygif;aqmif½Gufa&;? (3) Nidrf;csrf;pGm ynmoifMum;a&;qdkwJh oabmxm; (3) &yfudk tajccHNyD; vkyfief;awGudk ausmif;om;^ol awG&JU qE´eJY n§dEIdif;NyD; ausmif;om;tjrif? ausmif;om;,lqcsufawGeJY OD;vnfrokef aqmif½Gufr,fqdkNyD; aMunmcJhNyD; 475

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Nidrf;csrf;a&; 'Drdkua&pDa&;BudK;yrf;rI - 1954 rS 1955 - 'Drdkua&pDa&; ausmif;om;xktcGifUta&;umuG,fa&; trsKd;om;a&;toGif udk acgif;aqmifoGm;rSmyJ/ awmif;qdck sufawGeYJ ywfoufNyD; &JabmfwYkd ukd wifjyvdw k muawmh wuo[m ay;oavmuf,Nl yD; Nidraf erSm r[kwb f ;l / Oyrm- wuo[m rD;vH;k 0&a&; awmif;qdw k ,f/ pmzwfcsiv f Ykd pmar;yGaJ tmifcsiv f Ykd awmif;wJh w&m;rQwwJh awmif;csufjzpf&ufeJY tmPmydkifawGu y,fcsw,f/ cgwdkif; (11) em&Dxday;wm (12) em&Dxd ay;w,f/ reuf (4) em&Du (6) em&Dxad y;w,f/ 'gayr,fh 'gudv k nf; ,lw,f/ ausmif;aqmifaumfrwDrmS ½Sw d hJ wuoud, k pf m;vS,af wG[m rD; (24) em&DvHk; &a&;twGuf qufNyD; BudK;yrf;&rSmyJ/ wuo taeeJYvnf; qufNyD;awmif;qdkrSmyJ/ wuo[m awmif;qdkcsufwck taumiftxnfay:vmonftxd BudK;yrf;rSmyJqdkwm tpD&ifcHvdkw,f/ aemufNyD; (65) &mcdkifEIef; ausmif;wufcsdefESifh pmar;yGJ0ifa&;udpörSmvnf; wuo qufNyD;wdkufrSmyJ/ wuo 'Dpepfukd vH;k 0vufcrH mS r[kww f t hJ wGuf qufNyD; awmif;qdrk ,fqw kd mvnf; &JabmfwYkdukd tpD&ifccH siyf gw,f/ - ausmif;aqmif½Sd pmzwfcef;rsm;wGif pm;yGJ? ukvm;xkdif wpHkus xyfrHwdk;ay;&ef? - ausmif;aqmifopfrsm;wGif taqmifemrnf urÜnf;xdk;ay;&ef? - ausmif;aqmifwdkif;wGif vQyfppfem&Drsm; wyfqifay;&ef? - ysufpD;,kd,Gif;aeaom tdrfomrsm; tjrefjyifay;&ef? - pmar;yGJ0ifaMu; aemufusaMu; 'PfaiG 20d^- rS 5d^- odkY avQmh&ef? - ausmif;aqmif0if aemufusaMu; 10d^- rS 5d^- odkY avQmh&ef? - ausmif;aqmifrsm; pm;aomufa&;ESifh ywfoufaom pDrHcefYcGJrIudk ,cifuJhodkY taqmifpm;aomufa&; wm0efcHodkY vTJay;&ef? - ausmif;aqmifrsm;wGif ysufpD;,dk,Gif;aeaom "gwfrD;BudK;ESifh cvkwfrsm; jyKjyifay;&ef? - ausmif;aqmifwdkif;wGif vdktyfaeaom "gwfrD;tkyfaqmif;ESifh vdktyfaomypönf;rsm; wyfqifay;&ef? - &wemESifh aqmufvkyfqJ rmvmausmif;aqmifrsm;wGif opfMurf;jyifcif;ay;&ef? - oD&daqmifwGif (4) a,mufae tcef;rSm (6) a,muf rxm;&ef/ use½f adS ewJh awmif;qdck surf sm;udv k nf; qufvufawmif;qdo k mG ;r,fjzpfw,f/ wuo[m ausmif;om;ta&; rubl; q&m? q&mrrsm;ta&;vnf; qufvufavhvmaeygw,f/ q&mOD;a&enf;yg;wmudk ydkrdkwdk;jr§ifhcefYzdkYeJY q&m awG wuúodkvfrSm pGJjrJpGm pmayoifMum;ydkYcsEdkifatmif wuúodkvfBuD;udk cifwG,fESpfvdkatmif vpmwdk;jr§ifhay;zdkYvnf; wuo[m awmif;qdkygw,f/ Nidrf;csrf;pGm ynmoifMum;Edkif&ef ausmif;om;? q&m? tmPmydkifawG vufwGJnDñGwfrS &EdkifrSmrdkY wuo[m tjrJvufurf;aewmyJ/ wuo[m &efukefwuúodkvfyifrBuD;eJY qufoG,faewJh oufBuD; wuúodkvfudkawmif oD;jcm;todtrSwfjyK wuúodkvftqifha&mufatmif awmif;qdkxm;wmudk Munfhu wuo&JU oabmxm;csufudk &JabmfwdkY jrifEdkifygw,f/ (2) ausmif;om;nDñw G af &;ESiUf w&m;rQwaom ausmif;om;jyóemwdik ;f wGif aqmif½u G v f akd om ausmif;om;toif;tzGrYJ sm;ESiUf yl;aygif;aqmif½Gufa&; &Jabmfor*¾0if ausmif;ol^om;taygif;wdkh,aeY igwdkYausmif;om;xkwGif xrf;aqmif&rnfh &mZ0ifay;r[mwm0efrSm ausmif;om;xknDñGwfa&; wnf aqmuf&efyif jzpfonf/ ,aeY igwdkYausmif;om;xk tcGifhta&;rsm; wpwp usqHk;cJh&onf/ qufvufí ydwfyifjcif; cHae&ayonf/ ausmif;om;xknDñGwfa&;udk tcdkiftrm wnfaqmufEdkifrSomvQif igwdkY udk;udk,f&m &½Sdayrnf/ wzufwGif ausmif;om;opömazmuf qdk½S,fvpfvufyg;ap 'DtufpftdkwdkY\ toGifoP²mef wnf½Sdaeayonf/ þ vkyfMuHcsufrsm;udk rsufajcrysufoifh/ olwdkY\ q&mBuD;rsm; apcdkif;csufjzifh ausmif;om;xktiftm;? ausmif;om;xk nDñw G af &;udk tjrJNzdKcGrJ nf jzpfonf/ xdYk aMumifh ausmif;om;xk nDñw G af &;tm;jzifh 'Dtufpt f kd opömazmufausmif;om; rsm;tm; ausmif;om;avmurS 0dkif;y,fMu&rnf/ igwdYk nDñw G af &; wnfaqmufaqmuf&mwGif igwdYkausmif;om;awGrmS wlnw D t hJ ajccHvv kd m;csu?f vdt k yfcsuf awG½Sdw,f/ wlnDwJhvdktyfcsuf? awmif;qdkcsufawGrSm wlnDwJhvkyfief;awGrSm tajccHNyD; yl;wGJaqmif½Gufjcif;awGu nDñGwfa&;t& wnfaqmufEdkifr,fvdkY wuou ,HkMunfxm;w,f/ 'Dvw kd csuw f o l vm;? wlwt hJ csuaf y:rSmrlwnfNyD; vkyaf qmifEikd af tmifvnf; BudK;yrf;cJMh uw,f/ ausmif;om; xktcGifhta&;umuG,fa&;vkyfief;? awmif;qdkcsufvkyfief;awGtjyif ausmif;om;w&yfvHk;eJYoufqdkifwJh ]trsK;d om;aeh} ]ausmif;om;aeh} rsKd;awGrSm tjcm;tzGJUtpnf;awGeJY vufwGJvkyfaqmifcJhw,f/ Edk0ifbm (17) &ufaeY ]urÇmhausmif; 477

jrefrmEdkifiHausmif;om;vIyf&Sm;rIordkif; - atmifxGef; om;aeh} rSmqdk&if igwdkYwuo[m Auorsm;tzGJUcsKyf? &uoeJY yl;wGJNyD; crf;em;pGm usif;ycJhw,f/ 'DaeYrSmqdk&if urÇmhausmif;om;awG&JUtajctae? Armausmif;om;awG&JU tajctaeudk qufpyf avhvmwifjyw,f/ 'Dwifjycsuf awGuyJ ausmif;om;wdkufyGJawG&JU toGifoP²mefudk odjrifapw,f/ (34) BudrfajrmuftrsKd;om;aeUrSmqdk&ifvnf; wrsKd;om;vHk;ta&;udk wuo[m xm0pOfa½SUwef;uygcJhwJh oabmvu©PmawGudkaqmifNyD; Auorsm;tzGJUcsKyf? &uowdkYeJYyl;wGJNyD; ausmif;om;awGu acgif;aqmifusif;yEdkifcJh w,f/ 'DZifbm (20) &ufaeY atmifausmfaeY (0g) ausmif;om;aeYtwGuu f v kd nf; wuúov kd pf mwdu k af ½SUu jrufcif;jyif rSm Auorsm;tzGUJ csKyfeYJ &uo (&efuek cf ½dik af usmif;om;rsm;or*¾) wdYkeYJ vufwNJG yD; vkyaf qmifcw hJ ,f/ Adv k af tmifausm*f l ½Sd&m MuHawmokóefudkvnf; oGm;NyD; vGrf;olYyef;acGcs&if; ,aeYausmif;om;b0ESifh tajctaeawGudk rNyD;qHk;ao;wJh wdkufyGJtwGuf ausmif;om;xku t"dXmefjyKMuw,f/ 'Dvakd usmif;om;awG&UJ ta&;jyóemawGrmS BudK;yrf;&if;? wbufrmS vnf; wuo[m q&mawGeYJ awGUG qHNk yD; wuo&JU oabmxm;csufrsm;udk wifjycJhw,f/ 27? 12? 54 aeYrSm wuocef;rrSmyJ wuúodkvfq&mawGeJY wuo trIaqmiftzGUJ [m ausausvnfvnf aqG;aEG;cJMh uw,f/ Nidr;f csrf;om,mpGm pmayoifMum;a&;rSm q&m? ausmif;om; vufwGJEdkifa&; twGuf b,fvdkxrf;½GufMur,fqdkwmudk tajzxkwfMuw,f/ 'ghtjyif Zefe0g&Dv 13-15 &uftxd usif;ywJh pwkw¬tBudrfajrmuf Auorsm;tzGJUcsKyf&JU EdkifiHvHk;qdkif&m ausmif;om;uGefz&ifhrSm wuo udk,fpm;vS,fawG wufa&mufNyD; EdkifiHvHk;rSm½SdwJh ausmif;om;awG&JU jyóemawGudk aqG;aEG;Muw,f? wifjyMuw,f/ wuúodkvf&JUb0udk azmfxkwfNyD; b,fvdkwdkufyGJ 0ifaew,fqdkwm tpD&ifcHpmtjzpf wifoiG ;f cJah o;w,f/ atmufwb kd m ausmif;wvydwaf &;eJY ywfoufNyD; rw&m;zrf;cH&olawG? rw&m;ausmif;xkwcf &H olawG twGuv f nf; aqG;aEG;awmif;qdyk gw,f/ wuúov kd af ygif;pHak qG;aEG;yGJ awmif;qdck sufawGuv kd nf; tav;teuf axmufcHapEdkifcJhw,f/ 'DaeYwuúodkvfta&;udpö jyóemrsm;eJY pyfvsOf;vdkY wuúodkvft"dywd EdkifiHawmf0efBuD;csKyfOD;EkeJY wuo trIaqmifawG[m OD;EktdrfrSm aiG&wkobifzGihfay;zdkYawGUpOfu rsufESmpHknDawGUqHk ajz½Sif;vdkw,fvdkY ajymMum;cJhw,f/ aiG&wkobifziG yfh u JG sawmhvnf; rdeYf ceG ;f xJrmS 'Dpum;rsKd;awG xyfygw,f/ 'gaMumifh wuúov kd t f a&;tcif;rsm;twGuf Nidr;f csrf;pGmawGUqHak jz½Si;f Edik zf Ykd 31? 1? 55 &ufaeYrmS wuou t"dywdxH awGUqHzk Ykd urf;vSr;f vdu k w f ,f/ 'DaeYausmif; om;xk[m rcsdrqefY'Pfqdk;awG cHpm;ae&w,f/ t"dywdtaeeJYawmh rpm;&0cref; ajymoGm;w,f/ 'gudk rsufESmpHknD awGUNyD; wuou ½Sif;csifw,f/ wuo&JUoabmxm;awG wifjyvdkw,f/ 'gaMumifh awGUqHkcGifh&zdkY awmif;qdkjcif; jzpfygw,f/ 5? 2? 55 &ufu rw&m;ausmif;xkwcf &H olawG xJrmS &efuek rf mS ½Sad ewJh &Jabmfausmif;om;rsm;eJY wuo[m yxrqH;k tBudrf ac:,lawGUqHak qG;aEG;w,f/ tJ'&D aJ bmfawG&UJ vuf½adS eae&wJh tajctaetcuftcJrsm;udk Mum;emNyD; ¤if;wdkY qufvufynmoifMum;Edkifa&;twGuf wuo[m awmif;qdkzdkY wm0ef,lMuygw,f/ zrf;xm;wJh ausmif;om;awGudkvnf; qufvuf ynmoifMum;Edkifa&;twGuf tjrefqHk;vTwfzdkY awmif;qdkMu ygw,f/ avmavmq,ftm;jzifh wuo[m axmifxJrSm½SdwJh ausmif;om;awGudk awGUqHkEdkifcGifh&zdkY w&m;a&;Xmeudk awmif;qdkcJhygw,f/ 7? 2? 55 aeYu &efukefaxmifrSm½SdwJh &JabmfawG&JU tajctaeudkoGm;NyD; awGUqHkcJhygw,f/ om,m0wDeJY tif;pdefaxmifrSm½SdwJh &JabmfawGqDudkvnf; oGm;a&mufawGUqHkygOD;r,f/ (3) Nidrf;csrf;pGm pmayoifMum;a&;? ,Ofaus;rIjr§ifhwifa&;ESifU ausmif;om;tcsif;csif; cspfMunf&if;ESD;a&; ,aeYigwdYk a½SUarSmufwiG f ppfopfBuD;wck jzpfvma&;twGuf t&dyt f a&mifrsm; oef;aew,f/ ppf\ raumif; usKd; qd;k jypfrsm;udk igwdYk oed m;vnf½rHk u ppf\ tarGq;kd tarGEpS rf sm;[m ,aeYwikd f vuf0,f½adS eao;w,f/ 'gaMumifh ppfopfBuD;wckjzpfrSmudk aMumufw,f? ½GHUw,f/ jidrf;csrf;om,mrIudkom vdkvm;w,f? jrwfEkd;w,f? awmif;qdkw,f/ odkYrSom igwdkYwawGtwGuf Nidrf;csrf;pGm pmayoifMum;rIudk tmrcHrI½Sdr,f/ ppfa&;ppf&mtwGuf aiGodef;oef;csDum oHk;pGJNyD; ynma&;toHk;p&dwfudk avsmhenf;oHk;wmudk uefYuGufw,f/ ppfa&;bwf*sufeJY ynma&;bwf*suf rrQbl;/ 'gaMumifh ynma&;bwf*sufukd wd;k jr§io f ;kH zdYk awmif;qdjk cif;jzpfw,f/ ppfukd a½Smifvv JT Ykd &w,f/ ppfukd qefYusifaewmeJY trQ wEdkifiHeJYwEdkifiH cspfMunf&if;ESD;rI cdkifrmaewmeJYtrQ ppfudka½SmifvGJvdkY&w,f? wm;qD;vdkY&w,f/ 'gaMumifh wEdkifiHeJYwEdkifiH wOD;eJYwOD; &if;ESD;cspfMunf aygif;oif;qufqHa&;awG cdkifrmatmif vkyf&r,fqdkwmudk ,HkMunfpGm vufcHMuygw,f/ 'gaMumihfvnf; wuo[m urÇmYEdkifiHausmif;om;or*¾awGeJY qufoG,fw,f/ urÇmrSm wpfckwnf;aom 478

Nidrf;csrf;a&; 'Drdkua&pDa&;BudK;yrf;rI - 1954 rS 1955 - 'Drdkua&pDa&; ausmif;om;xktcGifUta&;umuG,fa&; trsKd;om;a&;toGif ausmif;om;tzGJUcsKyf (I.U.S) udk qufoG,fw,f/ urÇmYvli,ftzGJUcsKyfjzpfwJh (W.F.D.Y) udk qufoG,fw,f aiG&wk obifyGJawmfwkef;uqdk&if 'DtzGJUBuD;awGomrubl;? ukvor*¾ ausmif;om;vli,faumfr½Sif *seDAmu (W.U.S)? tdE, d´ ? w½kw?f tif'ekd ;D ½Sm;wdYk u ausmif;om;or*¾awGyg wufa&mufzYkd zdwMf um;cJw h ,f/ 'Dvzkd w d Mf um;wJo h abmudu k EdkifiHwumausmif;om;tcsif;csif; cspfMunf&if;ESD;rI cdkifrmvmapzdkYyJqdkwm tpD&ifcHvdkygw,f/ urÇmYausmif;om;tzGJUtpnf;omrubl; EdkifiHwGif;rSmvnf; wuúodkvfqdkif&m(u) rEÅav;wuúodkvfausmif;om;or*¾ (c) armfvNrdKifOypmaumvdyfor*¾eJY (*) ausmufjzLaumvdyf ausmif;aumifpu D ykd g rusef tquftoG,f jyKvkycf w hJ ,f/ aemufwck txl;jcm;qH;k u@uawmh wuúodkvfor*¾&JU (25) ESpfajrmuf aiG&wkobif ausmif;om;yGJawmfBuD;ygyJ/ aiG&wkobifausmif;om;yGJawmfBuD; 1955 ckEpS o f nf wuo&mZ0ifwiG f xl;jcm;aomu@ jzpfaeayonf/ þESpw f iG f wuo\oufwrf;onf (25) ESpfjynfhajrmufcJh\/ xdkaMumifh (25) ESpfajrmuf txdrf;trSwftjzpf aiG&wkobif ausmif;om;yGJawmfMuD;udk usif;y&ef wuouqHk;jzwfcJhw,f/ aiG&wkobifausmif;om;yGJawmfBuD;udk(u) owif;ESifhjyefMum;a&aumfrwD (c) b@ma&;qyfaumfrwD (*) uyGJqyfaumfrwD (C) NydKifyGJqyfaumfrwD (i) tcrf;tem;jyifqifa&;ESifh ae&mcsxm;a&;qyfaumfrwD (p) jyyGJqyfaumfrwD [lí aumfrwDXme (6) XmecGJjcm;zGJUpnf;um Xmetvdkuf BudK;yrf;cJhMuayonf/ xdkY aMumifhyif ,ckESpf wuo\ *kPfowif;ESifh t½Sdeft0gonf jrifrm;cJh&ayonf/ rlvwuo\ 0g'tajccHwGif ,Ofaus;rI xde;f odr;f jr§iw hf ifa&;udk tm;jznfah p½Ho k mru Nidr;f csrf;pGm pmayoifMum;rIukd a½S;½Ivsuf ausmif;om;tcsif; csif; &if;ESD;cspfMunfrIudk ykdrdk&,lEdkifcJhayonf/ yGJawmfBuD;\xl;jcm;csufwGif wuúodkvfausmif;om;rsm;om yg0ifqifETJ½HkrQrubJ wEdkifiHvHk;½Sd ausmif;om; or*¾rsm;rS udk,fpm;vS,frsm; wufa&mufum qifETJjcif;uyif ydkrdkajymifajrmuf xif½Sm;apcJhonf/ rEÅav;wuúodkvf? armfvNrdKifOypmaumvdyrf v S nf; yg0ifqifEMJT uonf/ tdref ;D em;csif;Edik if rH sm;½Sd or*¾u, kd pf m;vS,rf sm;ESihf urÇmah usmif; om;or*¾tzGJUcsKyf? urÇmvli,ftzGJUcsKyfwdkYudk zdwfMum;aomfvnf; taMumif;rnDñGwfí rwufEdkifMuyg/ wEdik if v H ;kH ½So d r*¾rsm;udk zdwMf um;&mwGif wuoESihf wEdik if v H ;Hk ½So d r*¾rsm; wnfwchH ikd jf rJa&;twGuf vufwJG um umuG,fxdef;odrf;jcif;? wnfaqmufjcif;wdkYtwGuf opömjyK&if; yGJawmfBuD;\ pdwf½Tifvef;0rf;ajrmufrIrsm;udk &½Sv d suf ausmif;om;tcsi;f csi;f cifrif&if;ED;S rdwjf zpfa&;udyk g &½Sv d u kd &f um; yGaJ wmf&nf½, G cf surf sm; atmifjrifcahJ Mumif;/ taxGaxG wuo\ a
jrefrmEdkifiHausmif;om;vIyf&Sm;rIordkif; - atmifxGef; qef;ppfr,fqdk&if wuo&JU csrSwfxm;wJh0g'eJY vrf;pOfay:rSmrSDNyD; qef;ppf&vdrfhr,f/ tqifhtwef;jrifhrm;aom ynma&;eJY ausmif;om;b0 om,majzmifjh zL;a&;twGuf uReaf wmfwYkd aqmif½u G cf w hJ hJ vkyif ef;awGeYJ ay:vGiEf ikd yf gw,f/ 'gayr,fh uRefawmfwYkd arQmfvifx h m;oavmuf vdck sifoavmufawmh raqmif½u G Ef ikd cf b hJ ;l qdw k mudk twdtvif; 0efczH Ykd vdkygw,f/ ausmif;om;nDñw G af &; jyóemawGeYJ ywfoufvYkdawmh uGjJ ym;aewJh ausmif;om;tzGUJ tpnf;awG wpkwpnf; xJjzpfzdkY BudK;yrf;&r,fvdkY csrSwfayr,fh 'DaeYtxd taumiftxnf ray:ao;bl;/ 'gayr,fh wuúodkvfe,fajrrSm½SdwJh ('Dtufpftdk opömazmufausmif;om;tzGJUrSty) toif;tzGJUawG? rEÅav;wuúodkvfor*¾? armfvNrdKifOypmaumvdyf or*¾? &efuif;eJY xD;wef;aumvdyf o[m,toif;awGeJYawmh &if;ESD;cspfMunf vufwGJrI&aeygw,f/ Nidr;f csr;f pGm pmayoifMum;a&;eJY ,Ofaus;rIjr§iw hf ifa&;vkyif ef;awGtwGuaf wmh t"du aiG&wkobifyaJG wmfBuD; jzpfajrmufcJhwmudku txift½Sm;½SdaeygNyD/ 'DyGJawmfrSm vlrsKd;pktoif;awG? bmom&yftoif;awG? o[m,ESifh pmzwf toif;awGeYJ ,Ofaus;rIxed ;f odr;f jr§iw hf if zvS,cf iG &hf cJyh gw,fvYkd tpD&ifcv H ykd gw,f/ toif;tzGUJ eJY wOD;csif;t&vnf; &if;ESD;rdwfaqGjzpfcGifh &½SdMuygw,f/ 'gaMumifhrdkYvnf; wuoBuD;[m ausmif;om;xkudk,fpm; yGJawmfMuD;jzpfvmrIudk *kP, f rl yd gw,f/ yg0ifwm0ef,Ml uwJh &Jabmfausmif;ol^om;awGeYJ c½dik t f oif;awG? pmzwftoif;awG? wuúov kd rf mS ½Sw d hJ oD&d? &wem ? tif;vsm; trsKd;orD;aqmif o[m,ESifh pmzwftoif;awG? ½Srf;? ucsif? u&if? rGef? xm;0,f? &cdkif? csi;f ? u,m;? w½kw?f tdE, d´ toif;awG? &efuek cf ½dik t f wGi;f u ausmif;om;or*¾awGyg rusef aus;Zl;wif 0rf;ajrmufyg aMumif; ajymMum;rSwfwrf;wifygw,f/ yGaJ wmfrck 0f BuD;udk vSL'gef;aom vDbmwD pD;u&ufurk P Ü u D v kd nf; wuotrIaqmiftzGUJ u aus;Zl;wif½ydS g aMumif; rSwfwrf;wifygw,f/ ed*;kH csKyftm;jzifh wifjy&vQif uRefwmfwYkd wuorIaqmiftzGUJ &JU vky&f wJo h ufwrf;[m (2) v (3) vausmfyJ ½Sdygao;w,f/ 'DESpf uRefawmfwdkY vkyfaqmifcsufawG[m 'DavmufeJY tm;r&Edkifao;yg/ a½SUqufNyD; wuo[m ausmif;om; tusKd;tcGiafh wGtwGuf opömrazmuf? raMumufr½GUH aemufrwGeYf bJ vkyaf qmifzYkd vdt k yfygw,f/ NyD;awmh or*¾pnf;rsOf;rsKd;[m tcktajctaeawGeJY rudkufnD? vufawGUvkyfaqmifvdkY r&wmawG ½Sdaeao;awmh 1952-53 ck wuo tvkyftpnf;ta0;yGJrSm qHk;jzwfcJhwJh pnf;rsOf;a&;qGJa&;aumfrwDeJY nd§EdIif;NyD; jyifqifrGrf;rHMuzdkYvnf; tMuHay; arwåm&yfcHcsifygw,f/ 'DESpf wuo[m a½SUESpfa½G;aumufyGJ rusif;yrDtcsdefxd ausmif;om;xktwGuf opömrazmuf ud, k u f sKd;riJb h J rSeu f efwhJ acgif;aqmifraI wGay;&if; ausmif;om;tcGit hf a&; umuG,&f wJv h yk if ef;awGrmS OD;vnfrokef aqmif½GufoGm;r,fqdkwm av;av;eufeuf &JabmfwdkYa½SUrSm uwday;csifygw,f/

(eefZifvm) 'k-Ouú| &efukefwuúodkvfausmif;om;rsm;or*¾ (wuo)

480

Nidrf;csrf;a&; 'Drdkua&pDa&;BudK;yrf;rI - 1954 rS 1955 - 'Drdkua&pDa&; ausmif;om;xktcGifUta&;umuG,fa&; trsKd;om;a&;toGif

OD;wifxeG ;f (1954-55) Source: Oway Magazines

yJc;l c½dik ?f anmifav;yifNrKUd wGif arG;zGm;onf/ wuúov kd 0f ifpmar;yGu J kd &efuek pf mppfXmerS atmifjrifNyD; wuúov kd f wGif qufvuf ynmqnf;yl;onf/ 1950-51 ckEpS w f iG f td;k a0r*¾Zif; t,f'w D mtjzpf wm0efay;tyfjcif;cH&í 1951-52 ckEpS w f iG f wuotrIaqmiftjzpf a½G;aumufwifajr§mufjcif; cH&jyefonf/ 1954-55 ckEpS w f iG f wuo Ouú| jzpfonf/ 1953-54 ckEpS w f iG f or*¾a½G;aumufyyJG suí f or*¾r½Sd jzpfaecJo h nf/ or*¾ a½G;aumufyJG jzpfajrmufa&;twGuf ausmif;om;vIy½f mS ;rIrsm; ay:cJo h nf/ wuúov kd af umifprD S or*¾0ifaMu;rsm;udk ausmif;om;wdik ;f xHrS aumuf,l NyD;? q&mrsm;u OD;pD;í or*¾a½G;aumufyGJ jyKvkyfay;cJhjcif;jzpfonf/ 1953 ckESpf? atmufwdkbm ausmif;wvydwfa&;ta&;awmfyHkESifh ywfoufí &moufyef ausmif;xkwfcH&aom ausmif;om;rsm; pmar;yGaJ jzcGi&hf a&;ESihf zrf;qD;jcif;cH&aom ausmif;om;rsm; vGwaf jrmufa&;wdYk ukd aqmif½u G f ay;cJo h nf/ &efukefwuúodkvfausmif;om;rsm;or*¾\ (25) ESpfajrmuf aiG&wkobifyGJawmfBuD;udk crf;em;BuD;us,fpGm usif;ycJo h nf/ aiG&wkobifyaJG wmfBuD;udk Ekid if aH wmf0efBuD;csKyfO;D Ek ud, k w f ikd f zGiv hf pS af y;cJo h nf/ atmufwb kd m ta&;awmfyHkwGif ay:aygufcJhaom ausmif;om;ESifh tpdk;&Mum; wif;rmrIrsm; wpwp avsmhyg;vmonf/ 1955 ck? ZGev f wGif t*Fvefjynf? bmrif*efNrKdUü usi;f yaom (5) Budraf jrmuf (Cosec) nDvmcHoYkd wufa&muf onf/ tjyefwiG f qGpZf mvefEikd if üH usi;f yaom urÇmYpm&dwn å v D mcHEiS hf tar&duefjynf rDe, D mydv k pfNrKdUü usi;f y aom ½SpfBudrfajrmuf tar&duefjynfvHk;qdkif&m ausmif;om;or*¾nDvmcHrsm;odkY wufa&mufcJh\/ OD;wifxGef;onf yJcl;NrKdU? EdkifiHawmfpdkufysKd;a&;bPf½Hk;cGJwGif vufaxmufrefae*smtjzpf EdkifiHawmfwm0efudk xrf;aqmifvsuf ½Sdonf/

481

jrefrmEdkifiHausmif;om;vIyf&Sm;rIordkif; - atmifxGef;

tcef; (18) Nird ;f csr;f a&; 'Dru kd a&pDa&;BuKd ;yrf;rI 'Dru kd a&pDa&; vlUtcGifhta&; jynfwGif;Nidrf;csrf;a&;ESifY trsK;d om;a&;toGif ausmif;om;vIy&f mS ;rIordik ;f (1955 rS 1956)

(u) ausmif;jyefvnf0ifciG &hf a&;vIy&f mS ;rI 1955-56 ckEpS w f iG f wuúov kd f ausmif;om;nDñw G af &;wyfO;D onf atmifjrifrrI sm;wGif ,pfr;l pjyKvmonf/ odYk aomf ausmif;om;xk\ axmufcrH u I kd qufvufxed ;f xm; Edik af o;onf/ wdu k yf rJG sm;udv k nf; wnfwnfNidrNf idrEf iS yfh if OD;aqmifvsuf½Sdonf/ ausmif;xkwfcH&olrsm; ausmif;jyef0ifcGifh&a&;twGuf wuo\OD;aqmifrIjzifh um,uH½Sifrsm; udk,fwdkif qufvufwdkufyGJ0if&ef vIyf½Sm;jyifqif aeMuonf/ udkpdk;odef;wdkYonf owif;pmwdkuftoD;oD;rS udk,fpm; vS,rf sm; zdwMf um;um ]qef;uzD;} wGif {nhcf í H ausmif;jyef0ifciG &hf a&;udpu ö kd ½Si;f jyonf/ tqdyk g owif;pm½Si;f vif;yGJ odkY &efukefNrdKUwGif½Sdaeaom &moufyefausmif;xkwfcH&olrsm;xJrS udkatmifbef;? udk,k? udkausmfNidrf;? udkat;armif? udkvSxGef;atmif? udkomausmf? udkodef;ñGefY (uomñGefYa0)? udkatmifxGef;? udktkef;armif? udkwifxGwf? udkjrifhodef;? udkoef;Edkif? udkrsKd;atmifausmfvGif? udkpdk;odef;wdkY wufa&mufcJhMuonf/

(c) wuoa&G;aumufyJG wyfOD;rS wuo 'k-OuúX udkeefZifvm wbuftkyfpkESifh aygif;oGm;ojzifh ausmif;om;nDnGwfa&;wyfOD; twGif;½Sd wdkif;&if;om;ausmif;om;rsm;Mum;wGif rsm;pGm*,uf½dkufcJhavonf/ u&if? csif;? ½Srf;? &cdkif paom ausmif; om;rsm;ESifh aqG;aEG;yGJjyKvkyf&avonf/ 'DtufpftdkbufrS udkeefZifvm OuúXtjzpf ta½G;0ifcHonf/ odYkaomf wyfOD; bufrS udkwifxGef; (ewfarmuf) om tEdkif&½SdcJhygonf/

(*) 1955-56 wuotrIaqmiftzGUJ 1/ udkwifxGef; (ewfarmuf) 482

Ouú|

Nidrf;csrf;a&; 'Drdkua&pDa&;BudK;yrf;rI - 1955 rS 1956 - 'Drdkua&pDa&; vltcGifUta&; Nidrf;csrf;a&; trsKd;om;a&;toGif 2/ udkpodef;[H 3/ udkpHabmf 4/ udkwifat; (1) 5/ udkbkef;vdIif 6/ udkjrifhOD; &/ udkarmifarmifñGefY 8/ apmtuf'refwifcsKd 9/ udkausmfjrifh 10/ udkwifat; (2) 11/ udk0if;wif

'k-Ouú| aiGxdef; taxGaxGtwGif;a&rSL; wGJzuftaxGaxGtwGif;a&;rSL;ESifh owif;jyefMum;a&;rSL; vlxkqufoG,fa&; XmerSL; ausmif;om;oufomacsmifcsda&;XmerSL; EdkifiHjcm;qufoG,fa&;XmerSL; upm;ckefpm;ESifh,Ofaus;rIXmerSL; pmMunfhwdkufrSL; tdk;a0wm0efcH

(C) &efuek w f uúov kd af usmif;om;or*¾ Ouú|opf udw k ifxeG ;f usr;f opömused q f ykd JG (1955-56) 1955-56 ckEpS f wuúov kd o f r*¾ Ouú| usr;f opömused q f ykd u JG kd wufa&mufvmMuwJh ausmif;awmfo^l om;rsm;? wuúodkvftkyfcsKyfa&; tzGJU0ifrsm;? q&m^rrsm;eJYwuG vma&mufcsD;jr§ifhMuwJh NrdKUrdNrdKUzrsm;;? EdkifiHjcm;oHwrefrsm;udk wuúodkvfor*¾ trIaqmiftzGJU&JUudk,fpm; uRefawmfu aus;Zl;wif½Sdygw,f/ &efukefwuúodkvfor*¾[mqdk&if olY&JU&mZ0ifwavsmufvHk;rSm jynfolvlxk vGwfajrmufa&;twGuf wdkufyGJ 0if&if; jynfoludk tvkyftauR;jyKcJhw,f/ ausmif;om;awG vdkvm;csuf? ausmif;om;awG tcGifhta&;udk awmif;qdk&if; ausmif;om;tusKd;udk o,fydk;cJhw,f/ 'gaMumifhrdkY &efukefwuúodkvfor*¾qdk&if vlxkeJYausmif;om;xk&JU axmufcHtm; ay;rIukd &½Scd w hJ ,f/ 'D&mZ0ifordik ;f rSm wuúov kd o f r*¾&UJ Ouú|tjzpf uReaf wmhu f kd ausmif;om;xku ,H, k MkH unfMunfeYJ wm0eftyfESif;jcif;cH&wJhtwGuf rsm;pGm*kPf,lrdygw,f/ 'Dvdk*kPf,lrdwJhtwdkif;vnf; wuo&JU &mZ0ifudkxGef;ajymif atmif ausmif;om;xku tyfESif;wJhwm0efudk opöm½Sd½SdausyGefpGm xrf;aqmifygr,fvdkY uwdjyKygw,f/ 'DESpfwuúodkvfor*¾ trIaqmiftzGJU[mqdk&if ausmif;om;nDñGwfa&;wyfOD;&JU udk,fpm;vS,fawGcsnf;jzpf ygw,f/ &nf½G,fcsufwl? vrf;pOfwlzGJUpnf;xm;wJh tzGJUtpnf;w&yfxJuvmwJh trIaqmiftzGJUawGjzpfawmh qE´ wlnDrI? vkyfief;awG jzpfay:rIawGrSm atmifjrifrIawG &½Sdvdrfhr,fvdkY arQmfvifhygw,f/ 'DaeYwuúodkvf&JU tajctae[mqdk&if ausmif;om;aygif; (8000) avmuf ½Sdygw,f/ ppfrjzpfrDu (2300) eJY qdk&if (4) qeD;ygcefY ydk½Sdvmygw,f/ 'DvdkwuúodkvfrSm ynmoifMum;olOD;a& wdk;wufvmwm[m wdkif;jynfrSm txufwef; ynmwwfawG rsm;jym;NyD; wdkif;jynftusKd; jzpfxGef;zdkY wm0efawG xrf;aqmifEdkifvdrfhr,fvdkY wdkif;jynf&JU BuD;yGm;wdk;wufa&; jzpfvdrfhr,fvdkY uRefawmf qdkcsifygw,f/ 'Dvdkausmif;om;OD;a& wdk;wufvmwmeJYtrQ ausmif;om;OD;a&eJYtnD ausmif;taqmuftODawG csJUaqmuf? ausmif;q&mawG tvHktavmufcefY? ausmif;oHk;y&dabm*awG jynfhpHkatmif vkyfay;zdkY vdktyfygw,f/ ausmif;om;rsm; vmvdkY ausmif;taqmuftODawG wdk;csJUaqmufvkyfum Oypmaumvdyf zGifhay;wmawmh ½Sdygw,f/ 'gayrJh 'DaeYtxd vH;k 0 rvHak vmufao;ygbl;/ ausmif;q&mawGq&kd ifvnf; [du k vdk onfuvdk jzpfaeygw,f/ xD;wef;aumvdyrf mS qd&k if ,cifwavmu &mZ0ifq&m r½Sad o;wm/ avm*spq f &majymif;oGm;vdYk tpm;rxd;k Edik w f mawG awGU&wwfw,f/ rEÅav; uqdk&if tbd"r®mXmetwGuf q&mawmif;wmawG ay:vmw,f/ q&mrvHkravmuf jzpfaeawmh aemufqHk; 'D*&D&&ef tenf;i,fvdkaewJh ausmif;om;awGudk tcsdefydkif;eJY q&mcefYxm;&wJh tjzpfa&mufcJhw,f/ ausmif;oHk;pmtkyfawGqdk&if r&ao;wmwdkY? "gwkaA'pwJh avmu"gwfynm prf;oyfcef;awGrSm vdkaeao;wm awGU&w,f/ 'DvdkvdkaewJh txJrSm tpdk;&u axmufyHhaMu; odef; (70) tpm; odef; (65) odef;odkY avQmhcsvdkufawmh wuúodkvfaxmufyHhaMu; ray;Edkifwm awG [dkaMu;awmif;? 'DaMu;awmif; wcgMunfh (5) usyfqdkwmrsKd; awmif;cHvm&wmawG awGU&w,f/ 'Dvdkausmif;om;eJYtrQ ypönf;urvdkufEdkif? aiGuavsmhay;qdkawmh ausmif;om;avQmhwJh enf;udk ½SmoHk;Mu w,f/ (3) cg pmar;yGJus&if ausmif;xkwfr,fqdkNyD; pmar;yGJrajzolyg pm&if;xJ xnfhwGufNyD; ausmif;xkwfcJhw,f/ 'Dvdk vkyfcJhwJhtwGuf ausmif;om;aygif; (2500) avmuf pmoifcGifhr& jzpfoGm;w,f/ 'D (3) cgus ausmif;xkwfpepf aMumifh jynfaxmifpjk refrmEdik if H zGUJ pnf;yHt k ajccHOya'u ay;xm;wJh ynmoifMum;ydik cf iG hf uReaf wmfwYkd wuúov kd af usmif; om;awG qHk;½IH;vmwm awGU&ygw,f/ 'Dvdk ausmif;xkwfpDrHudef;eJY r&yfao;bl;/ wuúodkvfukd ausmif;om;rsm;rsm; ra&mufapzdkYtwGuf wuúodkvf0ifpmar;yGJudk (2) qifhvkyfzdkY pDpOfMuw,f/ 483

jrefrmEdkifiHausmif;om;vIyf&Sm;rIordkif; - atmifxGef; 'Dawmh uaeYwuúov kd t f ajctaeudk Munh&f if vdak ewmawG awGU&vdrrhf ,f/ wuúov kd yf nmwwf enf;atmif vkyfaewm awGU&r,f/ 'gawG[m wu,fhvufawGU jzpfysufaewmawG jzpfygw,f/ 'Dvdkjzpfaewm r[kwfygbl;vdkY b,folrSvnf; rjiif;Edkifygbl;/ jiif;wJhvl½Sd&ifvnf; wu,fhudk taumiftxnfeJY uRefawmfac:NyD; jyvdkygw,f/ 'Dvdk 'DaeYwuúodkvfrSm jzpfysufaewJh tajctaeawG[m bmaMumifhvJqdk&if ynma&;rSm vspfvsL½Ixm; avawmh wuúov kd &f UJ toH;k p&dw?f ynma&;toH;k p&dwu f dk rsm;rsm;roH;k bl;/ rdrw d Ykd &mxl; wnfjrJa&;jzpfwhJ umuG,af &; toH;k p&dwaf wGrmS aiGyo kd ;kH vdYk jzpfw,f/ oabmu jynfwiG ;f rSm wdu k cf u kd rf aI wG ppfyaJG wGjzpfaevdYk y/J 'Dawmh uRefawmfwYkd wuúov kd rf mS jzpfaewJh tajctaeqd;k awGukd aumif;vmatmif uReaf wmfwYkdvv kd m;wJh tajctaeawG vH;k 0a&mufzYkdq&kd if 'g[mawmfawmfyJ eufeJwJhjyóem jzpfvmw,f/ 'DtwGufqdk&if uRefawmfwdkY ausmif;om;awGcsnf;yJ rjzpfEdkifbl;/ uRefawmfwdkYeJY vlxkw&yfvHk; yl;wGJaqmif½GufMurS jzpfvdrfhr,f/ ausmif;om;awGbufu qdk&ifvnf; ausmif;om;xk w&yfv;kH [m pnf;pnf;vH;k vH;k nDnñ D w G ñ f w G ef YJ aqmif½u G Mf uzdYk vykd gw,f/ uRefawmfwYkd atmify&JG zdYk q&kd if nDñw G jf cif; qdkwJh vufeufuvGJvdkY bmrSr½Sdygbl;vdkY uRefawmf qdkcsifygw,f/ uRefawmfwdkY taeeJYqdk&if ausmif;om;tusKd;twGuf wuúodkvfrSm ,aeY½SdaewJh jyóemawGudk ajz½Sif;&m rSm oufqdkif&m tkyfcsKyfa&;tzGJUeJYyJ jzpfjzpf? tpdk;&tzGJUeJYyJ jzpfjzpf? at;csrf;om,mpGm awGUqHkajz½Sif;zkdY vdkygw,f/ 'Dvdkajz½Sif;rIomvQif wuúodkvfavmu&JU Nidrf;at;om,mrIudk ay;pGrf;Edkifvdrfhr,fvdkY qdkcsifygw,f/ 'Dvdkr[kwfbJ t"r®enf;? zdEydS af omenf;vrf;rsm;udk oH;k NyD;ajz½Si;f &ifawmh wuúov kd af vmu&JU Nidr;f at;om,mrIvnf; &rSmr[kwb f ;l ? atmifjrifvdrfhr,fvnf; r[kwfbl;qdkwm NyD;cJhwJh atmufwdkbmvta&;awmfyHku xifxif½Sm;½Sm;MuD; jyoaeygw,f/ 'DaeYtzdYk q&kd if uRefawmfwYkd at;csrf;om,mpGm ajz½Si;f vdak yr,fh ausmif;om;ta&;eJYywfoufvm&if tpd;k & tzGUJ xJrmS olwYkd ukd axmufco H al wGr[kwv f Ykd w&m;onfjzpfap? rSeo f nfjzpfap ray;bl;/ wdYk uakd xmufcw H o hJ al wGq&kd if ay;r,fqdkwJh at;csrf;pGmajz½Sif;rIudk qefYusifwJhoabmawG vkyfcJhwm? vkyfaewmawG awGU&w,f/ wuúodkvftkyfcsKyf a&; tzGJU0ifawGxJrSmqdk&if ausmif;om;ta&;eJYywfouf&if a&iHkaewJholawG ½Sdaewm[m wu,fawmh wuúodkvf&JU tusKd;udk vspfvsL½Iwm? rdrdwdkY[m pdk;½GHUNyD; MuD;pdk;rIcHae&wmawG jzpfygw,f/ 'Dawmh ,aeYwuúov kd af vmu&JU Nidr;f at;om,mrIukd vdck si&f if at;csr;f om,mpGmajz½Si;f rI vdt k yfaeygw,f/ ynma&;avmurSm½Sw d hJ ausmif;om;? q&meJY rdbwdYk [m yl;wGNJ yD; ajz½Si;f oifyh gw,f/ 'Dae&mrSm qd&k ifawmh ygarmu©csKyf rdefYMum;zl;ovdk q&mawGr½Sd&ifvnf; ausmif;om;awG rwnfEdkifygbl;/ 'Dawmh q&m? rdbeJY ausmif;om;awG[m wavSxJpD;? wc&D;xJoGm;awG jzpfMuwJhtwGuf ,aeYawGUaewJh wuúodkvf&JUjyóem? ynma&;jyóemrsm;udk yl;wGJ ajz½Sif;Muyg&ef ed*Hk;csKyftaeeJY wuúodkvfor*¾udk,fpm; uRefawmfwdkufwGef; EdI;aqmfcJhygw,f/

(i) urÇmah usmif;om;aeU Edk0ifbmv (17) &ufaeYonf emZDzufqpfrsm;\ &ufpufpGmowfjzwfrIaMumifh csufudkpvdkAufuD,m;jynf? y&wfNrdKUawmfrS ausmif;om;rsm; aoG;ajruscJh&aomaeY jzpfonf/ xdkaeYwGif y&wfNrdKUawmf? csm;vf,leDAmpDwD ausmif; om;wdkYonf zufqpfpepftm;qefYusifonfh aq;ausmif;om; ]*si;f atmfyvDwv J }f tm; owfypfonfhtwGuf tHk
Nidrf;csrf;a&; 'Drdkua&pDa&;BudK;yrf;rI - 1955 rS 1956 - 'Drdkua&pDa&; vltcGifUta&; Nidrf;csrf;a&; trsKd;om;a&;toGif onf BuD;xGm;vmonf/ (I.U.S) onf urÇmYausmif;om;tcsi;f csi;f &if;ES;D rdwaf qGjzpfa&;ESihf Nidr;f csr;f a&;aqmif½u G &f mü tjcm;tvTmtoD;oD;rS vli,frsm;ESifh yl;aygif;cJhonf/ or*¾BuD; zGJUpnf;wnfaxmifNyD;aemuf urÇmYausmif;om;rsm;\ ta&;jyóemrsm;udk ydkrdkvG,fulpGm ajz½Sif;Edkif&ef XmetoD;oD; cGJjcm;aqmif½GufcJhonf/ txl;ojzifh udkvdkeD? udkvdkeD wydik ;f ESihf rScD akd eaom Edik if rH sm;rS ausmif;om;ta&;udk pGr;f pGr;f wrH aqmif½u G u f n l aD y;Muonf/ Armjynfausmif;om;rsm; twGufvnf; rsm;pGmtultnDrsm; ay;cJhavonf/ urÇmYausmif;om;rsm; twGufvnf; pnf;vHk;nDñGwfpGm aqmif½Guf &if; qufvufcsDwufaeonf/ MuHUcdkifvsuf½Sdonf/ Edk0ifbm (17) &ufaeYrS ay:aygufcJhonfh wdkufyGJonf ,aeYxd wdkifcdkufjrJaeonf/ opfvGifaeonf/ þEdkbmv (17) &uf urÇmYausmif;om;rsm;or*¾aeYudk &efukefwuúodkvfausmif;om;rsm;or*¾ (wuo)? &efukefc½dkifausmif;om;rsm;or*¾ (&uo)? ArmEdkifiHvHk;qdkif&mausmif;om;or*¾rsm;tzGJUcsKyf (Auorsm;tzGJUcsKyf)wdkY yl;aygif;um n (7) em&Dtcsed w f iG f wuo jrufcif;jyifwiG f wcrf;wem; odu k Nf rdKufa0qmpGm qif,ifusi;f yawmhonf/ þaeYonf Armjynfausmif;om;aeh ('DZifbmv 20 &uf) uJhodkYyif aoG;jzifhcsif;csif;eD&JaomaeY jzpf\/

om"koH a'gif;ysKdxdk;qGyf? b,fnmcGyfí? vGwfvyf&av? wdkYwawGonf? tdk;a0-aus;Zl;ygwum;/ / tdk;a0aus;Zl;? rwdrfjrL;bJ? cg;OD;aumZm? þtcgwGif? om"kac:Muygukefavmh/ / om"koHwGif? aomwqifí? toif a'gif;i,f? jrefrdr,fudk? oufES,fapmifha½SmufEdkifapaom0f/ / (rif;ok0Pf)

(p) 1955-56 ausmif;om;vIy&f mS ;rI 1956 ckESpf? Zefe0g&Dv (23) &ufaeYwGif wuúodkvft"dywd? EdkifiHawmf0efBuD;csKyf\ zdwfMum;csuft& wuúodkvfor*¾ trIaqmiftzGJUonf EdkifiHawmf0efBuD;csKyfESifh oGm;a&mufawGUqHkcJhonf/ xdkaqG;aEG;yGJwGif wuo trIaqmiftzGJUrS ,aeY wuúodkvfausmif;om;rsm;wGif ta&;wBuD;vdktyfaeaom atmufygawmif;qdkcsuf (5) csuf udk wifjyawmif;qdkcJhonf/ 1/ oHk;cgusausmif;xkwfpepf y,fzsufa&;? 2/ atmufwb kd mausmif;wvydwaf &;ESihf ywfoufí 0&rf;xkwcf &H ol (2) OD;tm; 0&rf;jyefvnf ½kyo f rd ;f a&;? 3/ atmufwdkbmausmif;wvydwfa&;ESifh ywfoufí ausmif;xkwfcH&olrsm;tm; ausmif;jyefvnfwufcGifh &a&;? 4/ zrf;qD;cH&aom wuotwGif;a&;rSL; udkwifat;ESifh rEÅav;rS &moufyefausmif;xkwfcH&onfh udkausmf pdk;wdkYtm; jyefvTwfa&;? 5/ tm½SS-tmz&duausmif;om;uGefz&ifhwGif ArmjynfrS wufa&mufEdkifa&;wdkY jzpfonf/ wuotwGif;a&;rSL; udkwifat;onf ajreDukef;ü zrf;qD;cH&jcif;jzpfonf/ (3) cgus ausmif;xkwfpepf y,fzsufa&;ESifhywfoufí &efukefwuúodkvfausmif;om;rsm;or*¾ (wuo) uwifjy&m ausmif;om;rsm; rsm;jym;vm onfhtwGuf (3) cgusausmif;xkwfpepfudk wDxGifjcif;jzpfaMumif; wifjycJhonf/ þwifjycsuftwdkif; rSefuefygu (3) cgusausmif;xkwfpepfonf vHk;0rw&m;[k 0efBuD;csKyfu vufcHonfhtjyif ygarmu©csKyfuvnf; ausmif;om;xk u xdkudpöudk vHk;0rvdkvm;aMumif;? (2) cgus ausmif;om;trsm;tjym;½Sdonfhtjyif ausmif;om;rsm;rSm pmudkajzmifh atmif avhvmEdik jf cif;rjyKEdik b f J pd;k &drw f BuD;jzpfaeonf[k ajymqdck o hJ nf/ Edik if aH wmf0efBuD;csKyfu þ (3) cgusausmif; xkwpf epfEiS hf ywfoufí aumifpt D wGi;f ½Sd tpd;k &ud, k pf m;vS,rf sm;ESiv hf nf;aumif;? q&mrsm;ESiv hf nf;aumif; wdik yf ifí taMumif;jyefygrnf[k uwdjyKajymqdck o hJ nf/ odYkaomf aemufyikd ;f wGif taMumif;jyefcsuf r&½Sad wmhyg/ þtawmtwGi;f 485

jrefrmEdkifiHausmif;om;vIyf&Sm;rIordkif; - atmifxGef; ArmhwyfrawmfrS A[do k ifwef;twGuf ac:,laom aMunmcsuf xGuv f mcJo h nf/ þaMunmcsufwiG f (3) cgusausmif; xkwfcH&olrsm;ESifh ,lwDpD (wuúodkvftaysmfwrf;wyf) tm; Adkvfoifwef;twGuf tcGifhta&;ay;rnf[k yg½Sdonf/ ausmif;om;rsm;tm; pmar;yGJcsNyD; ppfwyfxJ armif;oGif;aeonfhoabm oufa&mufoGm;onf/ ausmif;xkwfcH&olrsm; ausmifjyef0ifcGifh&½Sda&;ESifh ywfoufí aqG;aEG;&mü pmayoifMum;rIonf vlwdkif;\ tcGifhta&;udpjö zpfaMumif;? þtcGifhta&;udk rwm;qD;oifhaMumif;? tjypf½Sdu tjypfay;&efyifjzpfaMumif; wifjyum EdkifiHawmf0efBuD;csKyfu pmayoifMum;rIqdkif&mwGif tkyfcsKyfa&;zufrS 0ifa&mufpGufzufonfrSm rrSefaMumif; vufcHcJh onf/ ausmif;xkwfcH&olrsm; ausmif;jyef0ifcGifh &½Sda&;twGuf pOf;pm;rnf[k ajymMum;cJhonf/ atmufwdkbm ausmif;wvydwfa&;ESifh 0&rf;xkwcf x H m;&aom ausmif;om; udv k 0S if;? udb k aumif;wdu hk pd öESifh ywfoufí wuoonf 0efBuD;csKyftwGif;0ef OD;oefYESifhawGUqHkum ar;jref;cJhonf/ OD;oefYrS þausmif;om; (2) OD;tm; ,cifuvnf; ausmif;xkwfjcif;r½Sdyg? ,ckvnf;r½Sdyg [k ajymMum;cJhonf/ vkyfMuHzrf;qD;cH&aom wuotwGif;a&;rSL; udkwifat;ESifh yk'f (5) jzifh zrf;qD;cH&aom rEÅav;rS &mouf yef ausmif;xkwcf &H aom ausmif;om; udak usmfp;kd wdYk twGuv f nf; wuorS rw&m;zrf;qD;cHae&onft h wGuf tjrefq;kH vTwf&ef ArmEdkifiHvHk;qdkif&mausmif;om;or*¾rsm;tzGJUcsKyf (Auorsm;tzGJUcsKyf)? &efukefc½dkifausmif;om;rsm;or*¾ (&uo) wdkYESifhyl;aygif;í tjrefqHk;jyefvTwf&ef wdkufwGef;cJhonf/ udkwifat; zrf;qD;cH&onfrSm (3) vcefY MumNyD jzpfaomfvnf; trI (2) cgrQom &ifqikd &f ygonf/ oufaow0ufrQ ppfrNyD;ao;bJ½o dS nf/ þodYk &ufqx JG m;jcif;onf oufoufn§Of;qJxm;jcif; jzpf½Hkru rwfvpmar;yGJwGif rajzqdkEdkifjzpf&onf/ udkausmfpdk; zrf;qD;cHxm;&onfrSm (4) vcefY½NdS yD;jzpfaomfvnf; ½H;k wifppfaq;jcif; ,cktcsed x f rd vkyb f J csKyfaESmifxm;jcif;cH &ygonf/ jyefMum;a&;0efBuD; OD;xGe;f 0if;u 13? 2? 56 &ufaeY toHviT rhf ed cf eG ;f ajymMum;&mwGif Edik if aH &;oabmxm; uGv J rJG aI Mumifh zrf;qD;xm;olrsm; r½Sd[k ajymMum;cJhonf/ udkwifat;rSm zqyv qdk½S,fvpfrsm;jzpfonfh 'Dtufpftdkrsm;udk ,SOfNydKifwufvmoljzpfjcif;? udak usmpf ;kd rSm atmufwb kd mausmif;wvydwaf &;twGuf qE´jyoljzpfjcif;wdYk aMumifh zrf;qD;jcif;jzpfonf/ wenf;tm;jzifh zqyvwdkYudk EdkifiHa&;oabmxm; uGJvGJjcif;twGuf vkyfMuHzrf;qD;jcif;om jzpfonf/ odkYaomf jyefMum;a&;0efBuD;\ ajymMum;csufESifh vufawGUvkyfaqmifcsufrSm tajymESifhtvkyf wjcm;pDjzpfaeygonf/ tm½SEiS t hf mz&duausmif;om;uGezf &ifw h iG f Armjynfrw S ufa&mufEikd af &;ESihf ywfoufí 0efBuD;csKyfEiS hf wuo rS aqG;aEG;cJhygonf/ xdknDvmcHodkYwufa&muf&ef trsKd;om;jyifqifa&;aumfrwDw&yf zGJpnf;cJhygonf/ xdkaumf rwDzGJUpnf;&mwGif 'Dtufpftdk? Auorsm;tzGJUcsKyf? &uowdkYudkvnf; zdwfMum;cJhygonf/ 'Dtufpftdkrsm; xdktpnf; ta0;odkY rwufa&mufcJhyg/ 0efBuD;csKyfOD;Ekvnf; (1953) ck atmufwdkbmta&;awmfyHktwGif;u trSwf (22) ppf&Jrsm; zsufpD;ojzihf ysufpD;oGm;aom wuúodkvfor*¾ pmMunfhwdkufudk jyKjyif&eftwGuf aiG (2180) usyf vSL'gef;cJhygonf/

(q)

udv k 0S if;ESihf udb k aumif;aMunmcsuf

uRefawmfwYkd EpS Of ;D onf 1953 ck atmufwb kd mausmif;wvydwaf &;ESihf ywfoufí ausmif;om;xk\ wm0ef ay;csuft& aqmif½GufcJholrsm;jzpfygonf/ wuúodkvf pwifzGifhvSpfonfrSpí 1952 ckESpftxd atmufwdkbmausmif;wvydwfay;&jcif;rSm tpOftvm w&yf jzpfygonf/ þodkYausmif;wvydwf&jcif;rSm ZGefvausmif;zGifhonfrSpí pufwifbmvtxd (4) vvHk;vHk; oifMum;ydYk cscahJ om wuúov kd f yxrydik ;f oifcef;pmrsm;udk avhvmqnf;yl;&eftwGuf tcsed af y;onfo h abmjzifh ausmif; wvydwaf y;jcif; jzpfygonf/ t*Fvef½dS atmufpzdYk wuúov kd Bf uD;rSmyif wBudrv f Qif (2) vydwaf om tpOftvm½So d nf [k od&onf/ odkYygvsuf 1953 ckESpf atmufwdkbmvwGif ausmif;wvydwfjrJ ydwfae&mrS (15) &ufom ydwfcJhygonf/ þodkY ausmif;avQmhydwfjcif;jzifh (15) &ufonf rnfonfhausmif;om;udkrS ynmtqifhtwef;jr§ifh&ef rjzpfEdkifyg/ ,ck wuúov kd t f ajctaeu vufawGUjzpfygonf/ þodYk wvydw&f mrS (15) &ufom ydwv f u kd jf cif;onf ausmif;om; wdYk \ &jrJtcGit hf a&;w&yfukd ydwyf ifjcif;? oifNyD;oifcef;pmrsm;udk xyfraH vhvmcGihf r&jcif;wdYk jzpfcyhJ gonf/ odYk twGuf ausmif;om;xkw&yfvHk;u atmufwdkbmvwGif ausmif;wvydwfjrJydwf&ef awmif;qdkjcif; jzpfygonf/ þawmif;qdck sufonf w&m;rQwonf rSeu f efonf[k uRefawmfwYkd vH;k 0,HMk unfayonf/ atmufwb kd mv ausmif;wvydwaf y;jcif;jzifh yxrydik ;f oifcef;pmrsm;udk avhvmEdik ½f rkH u ausmif;om;xktwGuf tusKd;jzpfxeG ;f onf[k 486

Nidrf;csrf;a&; 'Drdkua&pDa&;BudK;yrf;rI - 1955 rS 1956 - 'Drdkua&pDa&; vltcGifUta&; Nidrf;csrf;a&; trsKd;om;a&;toGif ,HkMunfayonf/ xdkaMumifhvnf; uRefawmfwdkYESpfOD;tm; atmufwdkbm ausmif;wvydwfa&;twGuf aqmif½Guf&ef wm0efay;aomtcg uRefawmfwdkY vufcHum aqmif½GufcJhjcif; jzpfygonf/ þodYk ausmif;wvydwaf &;udk aqmif½u G &f mwGif uReaf wmfwYkd ausmif;om;xkw&yfv;kH onf at;csr;f pGmqE´jy cJhMuayonf/ qE´jycJhaom ausmif;om;rsm;tm; atmufwdkbm (2) &uf eHeufrSpí zrf;qD;jcif;? nydkif;wGif yk'fr (144) xkwfjcif;rsm; jyKvkyfcJhygonf/ atmufwdkbm (3) &ufaeYwGif A[dkausmif;aqmiftwGif; qE´jyolrsm;tm; a&ydu k jf zifh yufjcif;? rsuf&nf,Akd ;Hk rsm;jzifh ypfjcif;? aoewfEiS hf ypfjcif;rsm; jyKcJyh gonf/ qE´jyolrsm;tm; zdEydS Nf yD;aemuf usef&ufrsm;wGifvnf; ausmif;om;rsm;udk zrf;qD;cJhygonf/ þodkY twif;tusyfzrf;qD;ojzifh uRefawmfwdkYESpfOD;rSm wdrf;a½SmifaecJhygonf/ 'Drdkua&pD tcGifhta&;t& qE´jyonfudk zdESdyfzrf;qD;jcif;onf rw&m;zrf;qD;jcif; jzpfonf/ zrf;qD;NyD;aemuf aeYa&mnyg tdyfpufem;aejcif; rjyKapbJ tvSnu hf sppfaq;um pdw"f gwfnO§ ;f yef;jcif;wdYk aMumifh uReaf wmfwYkdEpS Of ;D onf wdr;f a½SmifaecJjh cif; jzpfygonf/ uReaf wmfwYkd wdr;f a½SmifaepOftwGi;f &efuek w f uúov kd o f r*¾onf atmufwb kd m ausmif;wvydwaf &;twGuf ausmif;xkwfcH&olrsm;? zrf;cH&olrsm;? wdrf;a½SmifcJh&olrsm; ta&;udk qufvufaqmif½GufcJhygonf/ wuotvHawmfatmuf0,f ausmif;om;xkw&yfv;kH onf nDñw G pf mG awmif;qdjk cif;? jynfov l x l w k &yfv;kH u 'Dru kd a&pDtcGit hf a&; qH;k ½I;H rIukd od½v dS mjcif;aMumifh zrf;qDc&H olrsm;udk vGw&f jcif;? ausmif;xkwcf &H olrsm; pmar;yGaJ jzcGihf &jcif;wdkY &½Sdygonf/ þrQomru ,ckESpfwGif uRefawmfwdkYESpfOD; ta&;udk wuotrIaqmiftzGJUESifh wuúodkvft"dywd 0efBuD; csKyfOD;Ek? 0efBuD;csKyftwGif;0ef OD;oefYwdkY\ aphpyfaqG;aEG;ajz½Sif;jcif;jzifh uRefawmfwdkYü 0&rf;r½Sdyg[k aMunmojzifh ,ck wdrf;a½Smifae&mrS jyefvnfa&muf½Sdvmjcif; jzpfygonf/ odYk twGuf uRefawmfrsm;tm; nDñw G pf mG awmif;qdMk uaom wuúov kd af usmif;om;xkEiS hf wuo trIaqmif tzGJUtm;vnf;aumif;? 0efBuD;csKyfESifh 0efBuD;csKyftwGif;0ef OD;oefYtm;vnf;aumif; aus;Zl;wif½SdygaMumif;/ (vS0if;) (baumif;) ausmif;om;wdYkonf Armhordik ;f wGif ordik ;f *kPaf &mif xGe;f ajymifco hJ nfcsn;f omjzpfonf/ trSew f &m;twGu?f rdbjynfot l wGu?f tpd;k &w&yf\ rSm;,Gi;f rItwGuf jywfom;pGm ajymEdik &f ayrnf/ ausmif;om;ta&;? trsKd;om;a&;ESihf jynfoYl ta&;wdYk tay:wGif cdik rf mpGm&yfwnfaeEdik &f rnf/ ausmif;om;ta&;onf ausmif;twGi;f üvdt k yfaeaom ausmif; om;? ausmif;olrsm;twGuf jzpfNyD; ¤if;ta&;udk wuo? Auorsm;tzGJUcsKyfwdkYonf jywfom;pGm wdkufyGJ0ifEdkif&rnf/ ausmif;om;tcGifhta&;udk awmif;qdk&mü rSefuefpGm&yfwnfí rw&m;awmif;qdkrIudkvnf; od½SdEdkif&rnf jzpfayonf/ ausmif;om;tcGit hf a&;w&yfukd tajctaeESihf udu k n f pD mG w&m;rQwpGm awmif;qd&k ef vdak yonf/ xdo k Ykdawmif;qd&k mwGif wcgw&H jzpfay:vmwwfaom a'gotavsmufwHkYjyefrIrsm;udkvnf; xdef;odrf;Edkif&rnf/ a'govGefrIaMumifh jzpfay: wwfaom trSm;rsm;udv k nf; aumif;pGma0zefqef;ppf ok;H oyfEikd &f rnfjzpfayonf/ a'gotavsmufzsufq;D rI? w&m;rJh jyKusifrh rI sm;udk jyKvkyw f wfaom tcsKdUausmif;om;rsm;udk owdBuD;pGm xde;f odr;f wwf&ef ausmif;om;ta&; aqmif½u G f aomol rsm;pGmwdYk u em;vnf&ef vdt k yfayonf/ ta&;awmfyw kH cktwGi;f jzpfay:vmaom tusK;d tjrwfEiS hf vlraI &;udpö ½IyfaxG;rIrsm; r½Sdap&ef xdef;odrf;Edkif&rnf jzpfayonf/ at;csrf;pGmqE´jyrIESifh awGUqHkajz½Sif;jcif;jzifh &½SdEdkifaomudpö rsm;? tavQmhay;&efvdkaomjyóem? tavQmhray;Edkifaomudprö sm;udk aumif;pGmem;vnfEdkif&rnf/ rSefuefaom acgif; aqmifESifh tm;udk;&aom tzGJU0ifrsm;\ yHhydk;ulnDrIrsm;pGm vdktyfaeayonf/ qE´jyawmif;qdkrIrsm; jyKvkyf&mwGif wuúodkvf tkyfcsKyfa&;t&m½Sdrsm;ESifh qufqH&mwGif vdr®m,Ofaus; om,maysmhajymif;rIjzifh rdrdwdkYawmif;qdkcsufudk vufravQmhbJ&½Sd&ef awmif;qdkrI vdktyfayonf/ NAdwdoQe,fcsJUacwfwGif ausmif;om;rsm;onf wdkif;wyg;om;ESifh qufqw H u kd yf 0JG ifae&aom yHpk rH sK;d jzifh ,aeYumv ud, k v hf rl sK;d ? ud, k t fh pd;k & vufatmufwiG f tpd;k &w&yf? tkycf sKyfa&;tzGUJ w&yfay:wGif vdkvm;csufrsm;udk awmif;qdkrIrsm;jyKvkyf&mwGif r[mAsL[mESifh enf;AsL[mrsm;udk aumif;pGm jyefvnf oHk;oyfí jyifqif&ef vdktyfayonf/ wdkufyGJ0if awmif;qdk&mwGifvnf; udk,fhvlrsKd;? udk,ftpdk;&jzpfí wdkif;wyg;om; rsm;tm; qefYusifouJhodkY pkpnf;nDñGwfaomyHkpHrSm umvMumvQif tm;enf; ysufjy,foGm;wwfayonf/ udk,hfvlrsKd;? udk,fhEdkifiHom; tcsif;csif;yHkpHonf tm;emjcif;? vdkufavsmjcif; yHkpHrsm;odkY ajymif;vJoGm;um qE´jyawmif;qdkrIrsm;? oydwfwdkufyGJrsm; ½IH;edrfhoGm;&wwfavonf/ 487

jrefrmEdkifiHausmif;om;vIyf&Sm;rIordkif; - atmifxGef; 'Drdkua&pD vlYtcGifhta&;rsm;udk aumif;pGmcGJjcm; em;vnfwwf&ef vdktyfonf/ ausmif;om;tcGifhta&; wdkufyGJESifh trsdK;om;a&;wdkufyGJudk cGJjcm;wwf&ef vdktyfayonf/ vlxk\qE´onf ausmif;om;rsm;tay:wGif wxyf wnf; usa&mufaeojzifh ausmif;om; tcGifhta&;rsm;omru vlxk\ vdktyfcsufjzpfaom trsKd;om;a&;udprö sm;udk ausmif;om;rsm;u OD;aqmifwdkufyGJ0if&ef vdktyfayonf/ udk,hfvlrsKd;tcsif;csif; jyóemrsm;udk wzufESifhwzuf enf;y&d,m,fukd aumif;rGepf mG em;vnfEikd &f rnf jzpfonf/ xdak cwfumvu zqyvtpd;k & pGypf o JG uJo h Ykd ausmif;om; rsm; vIyf½Sm;rIjzpfwdkif; uGefjrLepfrsm;u aoG;xdk;onf[k vnf;aumif;? vuf½Sd zqyvtpdk;&udk qefYusifaeolrsm;u aoG;xdk;ajr§mufay;onf[k vnf;aumif; pGyfpGJcJhonf/ jzpfyGm;cJhNyD;jzpfaom ta&;awmfyHkBuD;wGif yg0ifvIyf½Sm;cJholrsm; pGypf cJG &H \/ xdu k pd u ö kd aocsmpGm jyefvnfavhvmoH;k oyfrnfqykd gu rw&m;rIrsm;aMumifh vnf;aumif;? zdEydS rf rI sm;aMumifh vnf;aumif;? csKyfcs,u f efYowfOya'rsm;aMumifh vnf;aumif;? rw&m;Oya'rsm;aMumifh vnf;aumif;? jzpfay:vmaom ausmif;om;vIyf½Sm;rIrsm;onf trsKd;om;a&;vIyf½Sm;rItoGifodkY ajymif;vJa&muf½Sd oGm;wwfavonf/ ausmif;om; vIyf½Sm;rI tpyxrrsm;onf rnfolwOD;wa,mufrQ ajr§mufay;jcif;? aoG;xdk;vIHUaqmfay;jcif;aMumifh jzpfay:vmjcif; r[kwyf g/ rSeu f efaom vrf;aMumif;wckay:wGif vdv k m;csurf sm;udk awmif;qdjk cif; jzpfygonf/ wdu k yf t JG ½Sed jf rifv h maom tcgwGif ausmif;om;ta&;rS trsKd;om;a&;yHkpHodkY ajymif;vJa&muf½SdoGm;NyD; vuf½Sd tkyfcsKyfoltpdk;&ESifh qefYusifbuf twdkuftcHyHkpHrsKd; jzpfoGm;ygonf/ qefYusifbuf twdkuftcHyHkpHrsKd; a&muf½SdoGm;jcif;onf qefYusifbuf twdkuftcH wdkY\ aoG;xdk;vIHIUaqmfrIESifh rwlay/ qefYusifbuftwdkuftcHtzGJUwdkYu vuf½Sdtpdk;&\tm;enf;csuf? trsKd;om;a&; vdktyfcsufrsm;? rSm;,Gif;aerIrsm;udk a0zefaxmufjyrnfom jzpfonf/ xdkYtwl ausmif;om;rsm;uvnf; rdrdwdkY\ rdbjynfolrsm; vdktyfcsuf? rdbjynfolrsm;rSwqifh od&aom trsKd;om;a&;jyóemrsm;? vuf½Sdtpdk;&\ rSm;,Gif;csuf rsm;udk ausmif;om;ta&;ESifh trsKd;om;ta&;udk yl;aygif;quf,lum trsKd;om;a&;jyóemrsm;ukd qE´jywdkufyGJ0if awmif;qdkrnfom jzpfonf/ NAdwdoQe,fcsJUacwfwkef;u udkatmifqef;onf NAdwdoQe,fcsJUvufatmufrS vGwfajrmuf a&;twGuf ausmif;om;or*¾raS eí e,fcsJUqefYusifa&;wdu k yf u JG kd qifEcJT o hJ nf/ ,aeY zqyvacwfwiG v f nf; ausmif; om;wdkYonf ausmif;om;tcGifhta&; qHk;½HI;rI? 'Drdkua&pDESifh vlYtcGifhta&; rjynfh0rIwdkYtwGuf trsKd;om;a&;? ausmif; om;a&;jzifh wdu k yf 0JG ifrnfom jzpfonf/ ¤if;wdYk \ awmif;qdw k u kd yf 0JG ifrrI sm;onf twdu k t f cHwYkd \ uefYuu G af wmif;qdk rIrsm;ESihf oGm;a&mufwn l aD ejcif; ½Sad umif;½Sad ernf/ xdo k Ykd ½Sad ejcif;tay: twdu k t f cHwYkd \ ajr§mufyifrh aI Mumifh ausmif; om;ta&; jzpfay:&onf[laom pGyfpGJcsufonf rSm;,Gif;í t,lwdrf;rIom jzpfonf/ rnfrQjynfh0ygonfqdkaom 'Drdkua&pDEdkifiHBuD;üvnf; ausmif;om;ta&;ESifh trsKd;om;a&; qufpyfrIrsm;½Sdaeonf/ uGefjrLepfrsm;u ajr§mufay; onf? twdu k t f cHrsm;u ajr§mufay;onf[al om pGypf cJG surf sm;onf Edik if aH &;t& jynf0h rIr½Sad om tpd;k &\ pGypf cJG surf sm; jzpfonf/ tpdk;&wdkif; tpdk;&wdkif;wGif twdkuftcH½SdNyD; uGefjrLepftpdk;&? qdk½S,fvpftpdk;&wGifvnf; twdkuftcH vIyf½Sm;rIrsm;½Sdonf/ ausmif;om;wdkY\ trsKd;om;a&; aqmif½Gufcsufrsm; ½Sdaernfjzpfonf/ xdkqdk½S,fvpf? uGefjrLepf tpdk;&rsm;tm; twdkuftcHrsm;u ajr§mufay;onf[k oGm;a&mufpGyfpGJygu ¤if;qdk½S,fvpf? uGefjrLepftpdk;&onfvnf; Edik if aH &;tm;enf;NyD; tjrifwrd rf jI zpfonf/ ausmif;om;qdo k nfrmS rw&m;rI? rrSeu f efrrI sm;twGuf píwdu k yf 0JG ifayrnf/ ausmif;om;ta&;awmfykH jzpfay:vmaomtcsdew f iG f ausmif;tkycf sKyfa&;tzGUJ vuf½t dS pd;k &wdYk \ vdrm® yg;eyfpmG rajz½Si;f wwfrIwdkYaMumifh ausmif;om;ta&;rS vlxkta&;odkY ul;ajymif;oGm;Muonf/ xdktcg twdkuftcHzufrS EdkifiHa&;orm; rsm;? awmfvSefvdkaom awmfvSefa&;orm;rsm; 0ifa&mufvmayonf/ tpdk;&\tm;enf;rI? ajz½Sif;rI tm;enf;oGm;ygu xdv k x l t k a&;awmfyBkH uD;onf tpd;k &w&yf ajymif;vJjcif;? pepfwckoYkd ajymif;vJomG ;jcif;? wdik ;f jynfwck ysufp;D NydKuGo J mG ; jcif;? wdkif;jynftopfwckyHkpHodkY a&muf½SdoGm;jcif;? wdkif;jynfwck e,fcsJUvufatmufodkY a&muf½SdoGm;jcif;rsKd; jzpfEdkifay onf/ xdYk aMumifh wdik ;f jynf\ uHMur®monf tpd;k &? ausmif;om;? vlx?k twdu k t f cH Edik if aH &;orm;? awmfveS af &;orm; rsm; vufxJwGif t"du½Sdayonf/ xdktajctaet&yf&yfudk em;vnfrIESifh em;rvnfrI? toHk;csjcif;ESifh tcGifhta&; awmif;qdkrIrsm;onf wdkif;jynf\yHkoP²mefudk ajymif;vJapjcif;jzpfayonf/ zqyvtpdk;&vufxufwGif ausmif;om; tcsKdU zqyvtpd;k &udk qefYusif&mrS axmifwiG ;f odYk a&muf½jdS cif;? awmwGi;f odYk a&muf½o dS mG ;jcif;rsm; ½So d nf/ tcsKdUonf ajray:wGif qufvufwu kd yf 0JG ifvsuf ½So d nf/ awmwGi;f odYk a&muf½jdS cif;ESihf ajray:wGiq f ufvufwu kd yf 0JG ifjcif; tay: t,ltquGJjym;rItay:ü rnfodkYrQ rajymvdkyg/ t"durSm ausmif;om;a&;ESifh trsKd;om;a&;vdktyfcsufudk rnfolu pGrf;aqmifEdkifjcif; jzpfonfqdkaom tay:wGifom rSDavonf/ udkatmifqef;wdkYonf ausmif;om;or*¾rS wqifh vIy½f mS ;cJo h nf/ awmfveS af &;orm;? Edik if aH &;orm; jzpfomG ;ouJo h Ykd trsKd;om;a&; vdt k yfcsufrsm;udk aumif;pGmem;vnf aom ausmif;om;acgif;aqmifrsm;pGm vdktyfavonf/ xdkYtjyif toHk;cscH&onf[laom pum;udk ausmif;om;rsm; em;vnf&ef vdktyfonf/ ausmif;om;rsm;onf 488

Nidrf;csrf;a&; 'Drdkua&pDa&;BudK;yrf;rI - 1955 rS 1956 - 'Drdkua&pDa&; vltcGifUta&; Nidrf;csrf;a&; trsKd;om;a&;toGif ¤if;wdkY\ vIyf½Sm;rItay:wGif EdkifiHa&;orm;rsm;u 0ifa&mufjc,fvS,f toHk;csonf[k vuf½Sdtpdk;&ESifh ausmif;om; tcsKUd \ xifa,mifxifrmS ; jzpfaerIrsm; ½Sw d wfonf/ 0ifa&muf pGuzf ufjc,fv, S jf cif;ESihf 0ifa&muftoH;k csjcif;tjrifrsm; oGm;a&mufwn l aD ejcif;onf uGjJ ym;avonf/ toH;k csrt I csKUd ½Sad umif; ½Sad evdrrhf nf/ odYk aomf trsm;tm;jzifh oGm;a&muf wlnDaerIrsm;om jzpfEdkifonf/ udkatmifqef;onf rnfonfhtcgrQ ¤if;udk q&mBuD;ocifudk,fawmfrIdif;u vnf; aumif;? ocifxGef;tkyf? ocifApdef? a'gufwmbarmfwdkYu vnf;aumif; toHk;csonf[k toHk;cscH&onf[k rajym qdkcJhay/ ausmif;om;b0? awmfvSefa&;orm;b0? EdkifiHa&;orm;b0wGif rSefuefpGm&yfwnfNyD; rSefuefaom trsKd; om;a&;vrf;aMumif;ay:wGif NAdwdoQe,fcsJUtm;vnf;aumif;? zufqpf*syefwdkYtm;vnf;aumif; qefYusifwdkufyGJ 0ifcJhjcif;om jzpfonf/ xdkuJhodkY tjrifrsKd; ausmif;om;vli,frsm;wGif ½Sdaeygu 'Drdkua&pDESifh vlYtcGifhta&;wdkufyGJ w0ufatmifjrifonf[k qdk&ayrnf/ xdEk pS u f ausmif;rsm;jyefziG ahf omtcg wuo\OD;aqmifrjI zifh &moufyefausmif;xkwcf &H olrsm;onf xD;wef; aumvdy?f &efuif;aumvdyt f ygt0if ydpk wmrsm;udik í f toHww d q f E´jyMuonf/ arG;&mygtcGit hf a&;jzpfaom ynmoif ,lcGifh&½Sda&;udk toem;cHjcif;rjyKMu? rsuf&nfcHxdk;jcif;rjyK qE´jyíom uefYuGufawmif;qdkonf/

(Z) yxrtBurd f wuúov kd Ef iS ahf umvdyaf ygi;f pHk awGUqHak qG;aEG;yGJ yxrtBudrf wuúodkvfESifhaumvdyfaygif;pHkawGUqHkaqG;aEG;yGJudk wuúodkvfor*¾taqmuftODrSmyif 30? 11? 54 rS 2? 12? 54 &uftxd jyKvkyfcJhonf/ xdkaqG;aEG;yGJodkY &efukef? rEÅav;? armfvNrdKifwuúodkvfor*¾rsm;rS udk,fpm;vS,frsm;ESifh wuG &efuif;? xD;wef;? aq;odyÜHwdkYrS udk,fpm;vS,frsm; wufa&mufcJhMuonf/ wuúodkvf½Sd toif;tzGJUaygif; (52) zGJUrS udk,fpm;vS,frsm; wufa&mufcJhMuonf/ yxrtBudrf awGUqHkaqG;aEG;yGJwGif wuúodkvf tm;vH;k \tajctaeudk wifjyMuonf/ ausmif;om;xk\ vdt k yfcsufrsm;ESihf &ydik cf iG rhf sm; usqH;k ae&jcif;wdYk ukd azmfxw k f awmif;qdkcJhMuonf/ þodkY awmif;qdkcsufrsm;udk xkwfazmfvifhupm; &½Sd&ef rnfodkYaqmif½Guf&rnfudk vnf;aumif;? rnfonfhtzGJUtm; wm0efay;tyfrnfudk pOf;pm;aqG;aEG;jcif; rjyKcJhMuay/ vuf½SdtajctaewGif Armjynft&yf&yf½Sd wuúodkvf? aumvdyfrsm;onf &efukefwuúodkvf tkyfcsKyfa&;tzGJU atmufü ½Sdaeojzifh wuúodkvfESifhaumvdyfrsm;\ta&;rSm &efukefwuúodkvfaumvdyfESifh xyfwlxyfrQ jzpfaecJhonf/ awmif;qdck surf sm;udv k nf; wckwnf;aom tmPmydik t f yk cf sKyfa&;tzGUJ odYk awmif;qdck &hJ onf/ xdYk tjyif &efuek w f uúov kd f tkyfcsKyfa&;tzGJUodkY wuo\ udk,fpm;vS,f (2) OD;ay;ydkY&ojzifh aumvdyfaygif;pHk\ awmif;qdkcsuft00udk wuo omvQif vufawGUjyEdkifcJhayonf/ awmif;qdkcsufrsm;ESifh ywfoufí (34) Budrfajrmuf trsKd;om;atmifyGJaeYüvnf; aumif;? (16) Budrfajrmuf ausmif;om;aeYüvnf;aumif; usif;yaom ausmif;om;xkpnf;a0;yGJBuD;rsm;wGif wifoGif; axmufcH aqG;aEG;Muonf/ vuf½Sdwuúodkvfrsm; tajctaeESifh ausmif;om;wdkY\ oabmxm;rsm;udk wuoonf 1954 ckESpf? 'DZifbm (27) &ufaeYwGif wuúodkvf½Sdq&mrsm;ESifhawGUqkHum aqG;aEG;wifjycJhonf/ 1955 ckESpf? Zefe 0g&Dv (13) &ufwGif usif;yaom pwkw¬tBudrfajrmuf Auorsm;tzGJUcsKyf nDvmcHBuD;wGifvnf; wuúodkvfaygif;pHk aqG;aEG;yGJ awmif;qdkcsufrsm;udk axmufcHjcif;jyKcJhonf/ þawmif;qdkcsufrsm;udk wuúodkvfaumifpD tpnf;ta0;rsm; wGif wifoGif;awmif;qdkcJh½kHrQru wuúodkvft"dywd EdkifiHawmf0efBuD;csKyfESifh awGUqHkpOftcguvnf; wifjyawmif;qdk cJMh uayonf/ þodYk ausmif;om;xkpnf;a0;yGrJ sm;ESihf ausmif;om;xkw&yfv;kH u awmif;qdck MhJ uonft h wGuf atmufwkd bm ausmif;wvydwaf &;twGuf wdu k yf 0JG ifco hJ jzifh zrf;qD;cH&aom ausmif;om;&Jabmftm;vH;k udk vTwaf y;cJMh uayonf/ ausmif;om;tm;vHk;udk pmar;yGJajzcGifhjyKonftxd vdkufavsmcJh&onf/ 1955-56 ckESpfwGif (3) cgus ausmif;xkwfpepfudk wuúodkvftmPmydkifrsm;u toHk;jyKcJhojzifh &efukef? rEÅav;? armfvNrdKifaumvdyfwdkYwGif ausmif;om;ESpfaxmifausmf pmayoifMum;rI &yfqdkif;cJh&onf/ xdkYtwGuf wuo onf ausmif;om;tcGit hf a&;udk wm;qD;ydwyf ifcsufjzpfonfh (3) cgusausmif;xkwpf epf zsuford ;f a&;twGuf rdbjynf olrsm;odkY yefMum;vTmxkwfjcif;? owif;pmuGefz&ifhac:,lum 5? 7? 55 aeYwGif wBudrf? 13? 9? 55 aeYwGifwBudrf ausmif;om;xkpnf;a0;yGJBuD;rsm; usif;yuefYuGufcJhonf/ 'kwd,tBudrfuefYuGufqE´jyyGJwGif ausmif;om;aygif; ESpf axmifhig;&mausmf wufa&mufum NrdKUrdNrdKUzrsm;xH vSnfhvnfwdkifMum;qE´jycJhonf/ ausmif;om;xkxHrS (3) cgus ausmif;xkwpf epfuefYuu G jf cif; jzpfaom qE´jyaumufc&H mwGif vufrw S f av;axmifausmf &½Scd o hJ nf/ (3) cgusausmif; xkwfpepftwGuf qE´awmif;cHyGJ jyKvkyf&m ausmif;om;aygif; (4708) a,muf uefYuGufqE´jyí? (315) a,mufu ¤if;pepfudk oabmusaMumif;ESifh (17) a,muf Mum;aecJhonf/ 489

jrefrmEdkifiHausmif;om;vIyf&Sm;rIordkif; - atmifxGef; wuúodkvfausmif;om;xk\ tajctaeudk 1955 ckESpf? Edk0ifbm (24) &ufaeYrS (26) &ufaeYxd usif;yaom vli,faygif;pHk aqG;aEG;yGJwGif wifjycJhNyD; (35) Budrfajrmuf trsKd;om;atmifyGJaeYESifh (17) Budrfajrmuf ausmif;om;rsm; aeYwGif wifjyawmif;qdkcJhonf/ 1956 ckESpf? Zefe0g&D (12) &ufaeYESifh (13) &ufaeYrsm;wGif ausmif;xkwfcH&olrsm;\ toHwdwfqE´jyyGJjyKvkyfcJhum ausmif;om;xkw&yfvHk; axmufcHrI&½SdcJhonf/ Zefe0g&Dv (13) &ufaeYwGif wuúodkvf aumifpDü qE´jy&if;yif ausmif;om; (700) ausmfvSnfhvnfqE´jychJonf/ þodkY awmif;qdkcJhMu½HkrQru wuúodkvfaumifpD aqG;aEG;yGJac:,lum or*¾udk,fpm;vS,frsm;u wqifh awmif;qdkcJhMuonf/ ausmif;om;xkw&yfvHk;\ wuotvHawmfatmufwGif nDñGwfpGm vufwGJawmif;qdkrIaMumifh1/ (3) cgusausmif;xkwfpepfESifh ywfoufípOf;pm;&ef oifhavsmfaom enf;vrf;rsm; wifjy&eftwGuf aumfrwDw&yfudkyif zGJUpnf;cJhMuayonf/ (oHk;cgusausmif;xkwfpepf roifhavsmfonfhtwGuf jyefvnf pOf;pm;&onfh oabmyifjzpfonf/) 2/ wzefausmif;om;xktm; pmar;yGu J srnfah b;rS oufomap&ef (Overall Moderation) udk &½Scd ahJ yonf/ 3/ ,cifausmif;0ifcGifhpnf;urf;rsm;wGif wuúodkvfESifhqefYusifzuf rjyKvkyfyg[laom pnf;urf;rsm; zsuf odrf;um ajymif;vJtpm;xdk;cJh&ayonf/ 4/ ausmif;xkwfcH&olwdkYESifh ywfoufí ausmif;om; (2) OD;tm; ausmif;jyef0ifcGifh&&ef axmufcHjcif;? (4) OD;tm; jyefvnfpOf;pm;&ef[k qHk;jzwf&jcif;xd vdkufavsmcJh&ayonf/ 5/ (Canteen fees) rsm;udk zsufodrf;cJh&½kHrQru ausmif;taqmuftOD wdk;csJUjcif;? q&mvHkavmufpGm cefYxm;jcif;? ausmif;oHk;y&dabm* jynfhpHkrI&½Sdapjcif; tp½Sdonfh vdktyfcsufrsm;udk rltm;jzifh wuúodkvf tkyfcsKyfa&;tzGJUxHrS vufcH&½SdcJhonf/ þodYk awmif;qdck suftcsKdU vdu k af vsm&NyD; tcsKdUjynfvnfpOf;pm;jcif; jyK&onfrmS wuo\ awmif;qdck suf rsm;onf w&m;rQwrSefuefonfhtjyif wuo\ rSefuefaom acgif;aqmifrIatmufwGif ausmif;om;xkw&yfvHk; nDñGwfpGm ta&;qdkcJhonfhtwGuf jzpfonf/

(ps) 'kw, d tBurd w f uúov kd af ygi;f pHak qG;aEG;yGBJ u;D 'kw, d tBudraf jrmuf wuúov kd Ef iS hf aumvdyaf ygif;pHak qG;aEG;yGu J kd wuotaqmuftODwiG f 1956 ck Zefe0g&D v 23? 24? 25 &ufaeYrsm;wGif usif;yonfhtcg udk,fpm;vS,f (126) OD;ESifh avhvmol (65) OD; wufa&mufonf/ ,if;aqG;aEG;yGJrS jynfwGif;ppf&yfpJa&; yefMum;vTm xkwfjyef&mwGif-

jynfwiG ;f ppf&yfpaJ &; yefMum;vTm &efukefwuúodkvf? rEÅav;wuúodkvf? armfvNrdKifOypmaumvdyf? rauG;OypmaumvdyfrS ausmif;om; ud, k pf m;vS,rf sm;ESihf wuúov kd af ygif;pHrk S tzGUJ aygif;pHk ud, k pf m;vS,w f Ykd onf &efuek Nf rdKU wuo taqmuftODwiG f Zefe0g&Dv 23? 24? 25 &ufaeYrsm;wGif awGUqHkaqG;aEG;cJhMuavonf/ xdo k Ykd aqG;aEG;yGw J iG f wuúov kd Ef iS hf aumvdyt f ajctaet&yf&yfukd aqG;aEG; wifjycJMh uayonf/ wuúov kd f aumvdyrf sm;wGif ynma&;tqift h wef; edru hf sjcif;? ausmif;taqmuftOD? ausmif;q&m? ausmif;oH;k y&dabm*rsm; jynfpHkvHkavmufjcif;r½SdbJ vdktyfaejcif;? ausmif;om;tcGifhta&;rsm; wm;qD;ydwfyifjcif;wdkYudk cHae&onf/ þodkYjzifh ynma&;tqifhtwef; edrfhusjcif;? vdktyfcsufrsm;jzpfay:vmjcif;rsm;u wjznf;jznf;wdk;wuf vmum ynma&;tusyt f wnf; ydrk ekd uf½iId ;f &jcif;rSm ynma&;toH;k p&dw&f efyakH iGukd enf;yg;pGmoH;k pGu J m jynfwiG ;f ppf twGuf toHk;p&dwfudk ydkrdkoHk;pGJjcif;aMumifhjzpfonfudk awGU½Sd&ayonf/ ,aeY jynfwGif;ppfjzpfyGm;cJhonfrSm (7) ESpfausmfMumcJhNyD/ vlxkw&yfvHk;onf 'Drdkua&pDtcGifhta&;rsm; twGuf awmif;qdw k u kd yf 0JG ifcMhJ uonfukd zdEydS cf sKyfcs,u f m 'Dru kd a&pDtcGit hf a&;udk ydwyf ifwm;qD;jcif;? jynfov l x l k w&yfvHk;wGif pD;yGm;a&;usyfwnf; usOf;ajrmif;vmum pD;yGm;a&; zdESdyfcsKyfcs,frIrsm;udk cHMu&NyD; tcGifhta&; awmif;qdv k maom vlxt k m; vufeufjzifzh Ed ydS rf aI Mumifh jynfwiG ;f ppf jzpfay:vmcJ&h ayonf/ (7) ESpaf usmf jzpfay:vm aom jynfwiG ;f ppftwGuf ausmif;om;xkw&yfv;kH rSm ynma&;tusyt f wnf; ydrk ekd uf½iId ;f vmjcif;? vlxw k &yfv;kH rSm pD;yGm;a&;tusyftwnf; ydkrdkeuf½Idif;vmjcif; paom jynfwGif;ppf'Pfudk tjyif;txefcHpm;cJh&ayonf/ 490

Nidrf;csrf;a&; 'Drdkua&pDa&;BudK;yrf;rI - 1955 rS 1956 - 'Drdkua&pDa&; vltcGifUta&; Nidrf;csrf;a&; trsKd;om;a&;toGif þodkYjynfolvlxkESifh ausmif;om;xkcHpm;ae&aom jynfwGif;ppfudk jynfolvlxkw&yfvHk;u &yfpJ&ef vdkvm;Muayonf/ ,aeYtajctaewGif ppfa&;t& tMurf;zufESdrfeif;jcif;jzifh jynfwGif;ppf&yfpJa&;rSm rjzpfEdkif aMumif; (7) ESpfausmf tawGUtMuHKrsm;u oufaoxif½Sm;apcJhNyD jzpfonf/ xdkYaMumifh awGUqHkaqG;aEG;jcif;jzifh &yfpyJ g&ef 'kw, d tBudraf jrmuf wuúov kd Ef iS ahf umvdyaf ygif;pHak qG;aEG;yGBJ uD;rS arwåm&yfcH yefMum;vdu k yf gaMumif;/

wuúodkvfESifUaumvdyfaygif;pHk aqG;aEG;yGJtqdkrsm; (u) ausmif;om;tusKd;ESifU vdktyfcsuftqdkrsm; 1/ ynma&;&efyHkaiG q,f&mcdkifEIef; wdk;jr§ifhoHk;pGJ&ef? 2/ wuúodkvfaxmufyHhaMu;udk aiGodef; (100) usyfxufrenf; oHk;pGJwdk;jr§ifhay;&ef? 3/ EdkifiHjcm;ynmawmfoif ausmif;om;OD;a&udk wdk;jr§ifh&efESifh axmufyHhaMu;aiGay;aom ausmif;om;OD;a&udk wdk;jr§ifh&ef? 4/ q&mrsm; vpmaiGudk vHkavmufpGm wdk;jr§ifhay;&ef? 5/ ausmif;om;OD;a&ESihf tcsK;d us ausmif;taqmuftOD? ausmif;oH;k y&dabm*ESihf ud&, d mypön;f rsm; vHak vmuf pGm xm;½Sd&ef? 6/ aumvdyftqifh½Sd ausmif;rsm;tm; wuúodkvftqifhxd jr§ifhwif&efESifh vdktyforQaom tajccHjyifqifrI rsm;tm; tjrefqHk; pDrHaqmif½Guf&ef? 7/ ArmEdkifiHwGif wuúodkvftqifh½Sdaom ausmif; (1) ausmif;? aumvdyftqifh½Sd ausmif; (6) ausmif;rQom ½Sdum aemufxyfvdktyfaeaom ae&mrsm;ü wuúodkvfaumvdyfrsm; vHkavmufpGm wdk;csJUaqmufvkyf ay;&ef? 8/ wuúov kd af umvdyrf sm;½Sd ausmif;aqmifrsm;tm; acwfraD usmif;aqmifrsm;tjzpf jyifqifay;&efEiS hf ausmif; aqmifrsm; xyfrHwdk;csJU aqmufvkyfay;&ef? 9/ ausmif;om;OD;a&ESihf vdt k yforQaom aq;½Hrk sm;? q&m0efrsm;? tm;upm;enf;jy q&mrsm;ESihf upm;ckepf m; ud&d,mrsm;udk vdktyfonfhae&mwGif tjrefqHk; wdk;csJUjznfhpGuf&ef? 10/ ausmif;aqmifcrsm;udk avQmhcsay;&ef? rvdt k yfaom tmrcHaMu;rsm;udk y,fzsufay;&efEiS hf ausmif;oH;k pm tkyfaps;EIef;rsm;udk oufomacsmifcsdatmif aqmif½Gufay;&ef/ (c) ausmif;om;tcGifUta&;tqdk 1/ (3) cgusausmif;xkwfpepftm; tjrefqHk;½kyfodrf;&efESifh aumifpDrS zGJUpnf;xm;aom pHkprf;a&;aumfrwDrS tjrefqHk; pOf;pm;qHk;jzwf&efESifh pHkprf;qJumvwGif þpepftm; toHk;rjyKbJ &yfqdkif;xm;&ef? 2/ 1953 ckESpf atmufwdkbmausmif;wvydwfa&;ESifh ywfoufí &moufyefausmif;xkwfcH&olrsm;tm; tjrefqHk; ausmif;jyefwufcGifhjyK&ef? 3/ 1953 ckESpf? atmufwdkbmausmif;wvydwfa&;ESifh ywfoufí &moufyefausmif;xkwfcH&ol (2) OD; tm; 0&rf;xkwfxm;jcif;udk jyefvnf½kyfodrf;&ef? 4/ Auorsm;tzGJUcsKyfrS ynma&;0efBuD;XmeodkY awmif;qdkcsufrsm; axmufcHjcif;? 5/ 1956 ckESpf rwfvwGif bef;a'gif;NrdKUwGifusif;yrnfh tm½S-tmz&du ausmif;om;rsm;nDvmcHudk BudKqdk aMumif;? jrefrmausmif;om;ud, k pf m;vS,rf sm; wufa&mufEikd &f ef Edik if u H ;l vufrw S f xkwaf y;&efEiS hf Edik if aH wmf tpdk;&u ukefusp&dwfaxmufyHh&eftcsufrsm; qHk;jzwfonf/ xdak qG;aEG;yGo J Ykd urÇmah usmif;om;rsm;or*¾rS ud, k pf m;vS,f (A.d Thomas) wufa&mufí rdeYf ceG ;f ajymMum; onf/ aqG;aEG;yGJrS xkwfjyefaom a
jrefrmEdkifiHausmif;om;vIyf&Sm;rIordkif; - atmifxGef;

rauG;aumvdyfOypmausmif;om;rsm;or*¾ aMunmcsuf wuúodkvfaygif;pHkaqG;aEG;yGJtqdkrsm; (u) ausmif;om;tcGifhta&; (1) oHk;cgusausmif;xkwfpepfudk vHk;0zsufodrf;&ef? (2) ausmif;ac:csdef 65% ½SdrSomvQif pmar;yGJajzEdkifcGifhay;onfh rw&m;aom owfrSwfcsufudk zsufodrf; &ef? (3) ausmif;om;or*¾taqmuftODwck tjrefqHk; aqmufvkyfay;&ef? (4) rw&m;zrf;qD;xm;aom ausmif;om;rsm;udk tjrefvTwf&ef? (5) rw&m;xkwfy,fxm;aom ausmif;om;rsm;udk ausmif;jyefoGif;&ef? (6) ausmif;om;tpnf;ta0;yGJrsm;udk vGwfvyfpGm usif;ycGifhay;&ef? (7) ausmif;tkyfcsKyfa&;tzGJUwGif ausmif;om;udk,fpm;vS,f (2) OD;xufrenf; yg0ifcGifhjyK&ef/ (c) ynma&; (1) rauG;Oypmaumvdyw f iG f &efuek w f uúov kd üf oifMum;Edik af om bmom&yftm;vH;k udk pHv k ifpmG oifMum; ydkYcsay;&ef? (Oyrm- tydkbmom&yfrsm;wGif &mZ0if? wuúaA'? pdwfBudKufjrefrmpm? ygVd? ocFsm? "mwkaA'? ½lyaA'? ygPaA'rSvGJí tjcm;bmom&yfrsm; rydkYcsEdkifao;yg/) (2) ynma&;toHk;p&dwfudk odef; (100) txd wdk;jr§ifhay;&ef? (3) vufawGUprf;oyfcef;ESifh ywfoufaom ud&d,mrsm;udk ausmif;om;OD;a&tvdkuf vHkavmufpGmxm;½Sd ay;&ef? (4) ausmif;wGif q&mtvHktavmuf xm;½Sday;&ef? (5) ausmif;pmMunfhwdkufwck zGifhvSpfay;&ef/ (*) oufomacsmifcsda&; (1) ausmif;oHk;pmtkyfrsm; aps;EIef;BuD;jrifhaerIudk aps;EIef;oufomatmif aqmif½Gufay;&ef? (2) vdktyfaomar*smrsm;ü wuúodkvfESifh Oypmaumvdyfrsm; wdk;csJUzGifhvSpfay;&ef? (3) ausmif;ol^om;rsm; c&D;oGm;vm&mü tpdk;&ydkif,mOfrsm;udk w0ufEIef;jzifh pD;cGifhay;&ef? (4) ausmif;aqmifcrsm; avQmhcsay;&ef? (5) rauG;aumvdyfwGif rdef;uav;ausmif;aqmif waqmif aqmufvkyfay;&ef? (6) trsKd;om;ausmif;aqmifwGif wcef;vHk;trsm;qHk; (2) a,mufom xm;½Sd&ef? (7) aeYausmif;ol^om;rsm; em;aecef; xm;½Sday;&ef/ (C) usef;rma&; (1) rauG;aumvdyfwGif ausmif;aqmifcef;wckudk tjrefqHk; xm;½Sday;&ef? (2) ruG;aumvdyw f iG f ausmif;om;OD;a&tvdu k f &oif&h xdu k af om upm;ckepf m;aMu;rsm;udk tjrefq;kH xkwf ay;&efESifh acwfrDupm;ypönf;rsm; xkwfay;&ef? (3) ausmif;aqmifo[m,ESifh pmzwftoif;odkYvnf; upm;ckefpm;aMu; xkwfay;&ef? (4) um,Avenf;jyq&m wa,muf cefYxm;ay;&ef/

trIaqmiftzGYJ rauG;aumvdyfausmif;om;rsm;or*¾ 492

Nidrf;csrf;a&; 'Drdkua&pDa&;BudK;yrf;rI - 1955 rS 1956 - 'Drdkua&pDa&; vltcGifUta&; Nidrf;csrf;a&; trsKd;om;a&;toGif

rauG;aumvdyfausmif;om;rsm;or*¾tpD&ifcHpm ,aeYusif;yvsuf½Sdaom wuúodkvfaygif;pHk rauG;Oypmaumvdyf ausmif;ol^om;rsm;\ b0tajctaeudk atmufygtwdkif; tpD&ifcHygonf/ uRefawmfwdkY OypmaumvdyfwGif vdktyfcsufrsm;rSm1/ ynmoifMum;ae&aom tajctae uRefawmfwdkY ,aeYynmoifMum;a&; tajctaerSm tzufzufrS csKdU,Gif;csufrsm;ESifh jynfhESufvsuf½SdNyD; atmufwef;usvSayonf/ rauG;aumvdyfwGif ausmif;q&mrsm; vHkavmufpGm ray;Edkifjcif;? Oypmwef;ü oifMum; Edkifaom bmom&yftm;vHk;udk rauG;aumvdyfü jynfhpHkpGm roifMum;Edkifjcif; tp½SdonfwdkY jzpfonf/ yx0D? ul;oef; a&mif;0,fa&;? abm*aA'? blrdaA'ESifh Ak'¨bmom oifcef;pmrsm; roifMum;Edkifjcif; ponfwdkYtwGuf xdkbmomrsm; oifMum;vdkolrsm;onf &efukefwuúodkvfodkY oGm;a&muf oifMum;ae&ygonf/ uRefawmfwYkd ausmif;wGif rde;f uav;ESihf a,mufsm;av;ausmif;aqmifrsm; oD;jcm;r½Sad o;onft h wGuf pmoif cef;rsm;wGifyif aexdkif&onf/ q&m? q&mrrsm;vnf; xdkenf;wljzpfonf/ xdkYaMumifh ausmif;tdyfausmif;pm; ausmif; om;rsm;twGufESifh q&mrsm;twGuf oD;oefYtaqmuftODrsm; vdktyfvsuf ½Sdaeygonf/ uRefawmfwdkY ausmif;om;rsm;twGufvnf; pmMunfhcef;? tyef;ajzcef;? or*¾tcef;rsm; oD;oefY r½Sdao;yg/ oufqdkif&mbmom&yfudk avhvm&ef pmtkyfpmwrf;rsm;vnf; tvG,fwul 0,fr&Edkifao;yg/ 2/ usef;rma&;tajctae rauG;aumvdyw f iG f ausmif;ol? ausmif;om;rsm;twGuf aq;ay;cef;wck vdt k yfvsuf ½Sad eygonf/ upm;ckef pm;a&;ESifh ywfoufívnf; ausmif;om;OD;a&tvdkuf xkwfay;&ef½Sdaom upm;ckefpm;aMu; aiGudk xkwfay;jcif;r½Sd cJhyg/ 3/ oufomacsmifcsda&; rauG;aumvdyfwGif ausmif;om;rsm;twGuf oD;jcm;pmwdkufyHk; r½Sdyg/ bmom&yfqdkif&m aps;BuD;aom pm tkyfrsm; iSm;&rf;Munfh½IEdkif&ef pmMunfhwdkuf r½Sdao;yg/ ,ckESpfwGif ausmif;aqmifo[m,ESifh pmzwftoif;twGuf oD;jcm;cef; r&½Sdao;ojzifh ausmif;om;rsm; twGuf ay;xm;aom a&'D,dkESifh owif;pmwdkYudk q&mrsm;tcef;wGifxm;½Sd&ojzifh q&mrsm;twGufom jzpfae& ygonf/ rauG;aumvdyfrSm ,ckESpfrS pwifzGifhvSpfaomfvnf; vdkvm;csufrsm;pGm ½Sdaeygonf/ a,bk,sjzpfaom tjcm;vdt k yfcsufrsm;rSm &efuek w f uúov kd af usmif;om;rsm;or*¾rS oD;jcm;wifjyMuNyD; jzpfí rauG;aumvdyaf usmif;om; rsm; or*¾taeESifh þrQom wifjyvdkygonf/ xdkvdkvm;csufrsm; awmif;qdk&½SdEdkifa&;twGuf nDñGwfa&;ESifh nd§EIdif;wdkifyif vkyfaqmifjcif;onfom atmif jrifa&; vrf;aMumif;jzpfaomaMumifh ,ckusif;yaeaom wuúodkvfaumvdyfaygif;pHk aqG;aEG;yGJBuD;udk wufa&mufí rauG;Oypmaumvdyf tajctaersm;udk wifjy&jcif;jzpfygonf/ trIaqmiftzGYJ rauG;ausmif;om;rsm;or*¾

rEåav;wuúodkvfausmif;om;rsm;or*¾ tpD&ifcHpm uRefawmfwYkd rEÅav;wuúov kd af usmif;om;rsm;or*¾ taejzifh yxrtBudraf jrmuf aumvdyaf ygif;pHk aqG;aEG; yGJrS aqG;aEG;qHk;jzwfvdkufonfh t&yf&yfqdkif&mawmif;qdkcsufrsm;udk &½Sdapa&;twGuf enf;trsKd;rsKd;ESifh awmif;qdkwdkuf yGJ0ifcJhygw,f/ uRefawmfwdkY awmif;qdkwdkufyGJ0ifcJhwJh tpDtpOfudk tenf;tusOf;tm;jzifh tpD&ifcHvdkygw,f/ rEÅav;wuúodkvfausmif;om;rsm;or*¾onf yxrtBudrfajrmuf aumvdyfaygif;pHkaqG;aEG;yGJBuD;rS qHk;jzwf vdu k o f nfh awmif;qdck surf sm;udk rEÅav;wuúov kd ½f dS toif;tzGUJ aygif;pHo k Ykd ½Si;f vif;wifjyNyD; oufqikd &f mtmPmydik rf sm; xH wifjyawmif;qdkjcif;jzifh at;csrf;pGmaqmif½GufcJhygonf/ odkYaomfvnf; ajymyavmufatmif vdkufavsmrI r½SdcJhyg/ rEÅav;aq;odyHÜ ausmif;om;wdkif; axmufyHhaMu;ay;a&;tcsufom vdkufavsmygw,f/ xdkYaemuf ausmif;om;xkpnf;a0;yGJBuD; vIHYaqmfpk½Hk;usif;ycJhygonf/ wdkif;jynfrsufpd em;ESifhwlonfh owif; 493

jrefrmEdkifiHausmif;om;vIyf&Sm;rIordkif; - atmifxGef; pmq&mrsm;udk ac:qdí k uRefawmfrsm;\ epfemcsufrsm;? vdt k yfcsufrsm;udk owif;pmrSwqifh rdbjynfoo l Ykd rMumcP wdkifwef; today;awmif;qdkcJhygonf/ wuúodkvftoD;oD;rS ausmif;om;^olaygif; (2000) ausmfudk ynmoifMum;cGifhydwfí ausmif;xkwfypfap onfh (3) cgusausmif;xkwfpepf zsufodrf;a&;udkvnf; tjyif;txef awmif;qdkcJhygonf/ (3) cgus ausmif;xkwf pepfaMumifh uRefawmfrsm; rEÅav;wuúov kd rf S ausmif;ol^om;aygif; (300) rQ ynmoifMum;cGirhf &bJ 0rf;enf;aMuuGJ pGm ausmif;rSxGufcGm oGm;Mu&ygonf/ (3) cgusausmif;xkwfpepf zsufodrf;a&;? zdESdyfrIOya'rsm; ½kyfodrf;a&;? ausmif;q&m? ausmif;oHk;ypönf;? ausmif;taqmuftOD vHkavmufa&; ponfhtcsufrsm;udk trsKd;om;aeY vlxkpnf;a0;yGJ? ausmif;om;aeY vlxkpnf;a0; yGEJ iS hf tjcm;jynfov l x l k tpnf;ta0;yGw J ikd ;f wGif tcGit hf a&;&wdik ;f wifjyNyD; oufqikd &f mtmPmydik rf sm;xH awmif;qdak p cJhygonf/ tqifhqifhawmif;qdk wdkufyGJ0ifcJh&mwGif ausmif;om;xk\ nDñGwfrI wdkufcdkufa&;tm;aMumifh tpdk;&ESifh wuúov kd t f mPmydik w f Ykd onf atmufwb kd mta&;ESihf zrf;xm;aom tjypfrhJ ausmif;om;acgif;aqmifrsm;udk >cif;csufr½Sd vTwfvdkuf&ygonf/ &moufyefausmif;xkwfxm;aom ausmif;om;rsm;udk jyefaecGifhray;ao;aomfvnf; pmar;yGJajz cGifh ay;vm&ygonf/ odYk aomfvnf; atmufwb kd mausmif;om;ta&;jzifh zrf;xm;aomausmif;om;rsm;udk vTwaf yr,fh ,aeYausmif; om;awGukd xyfcgzrf;aeonfukd txl;tpD&ifczH Ykd vrdk nfr[kwyf g/ ,aeY&efuek w f uúov kd af usmif;om;rsm;or*¾ taxG axGtwGi;f a&;rSL; udw k ifat;ESihf rEÅav;wuúov kd rf S &moufyef ausmif;xkwcf &H ol udak usmfp;kd wdYk rmS trIqifvyk Mf uHNyD; tcsKyfaESmif cHaeMu&ygonf/ tpdk;&ESifh wuúodkvftmPmydkifwdkYonf olwdkY\ zdESdyfcsKyfcs,fa&; puf,EÅ,m;BuD;udk rSefrSefvnfEdkifa&;twGuf a&yla&at;vJonfhtaeESifh zrf;xm;aom (2) vMumonfh &JabmfawGudk vTwfNyD; rMumrD rSmyif ausmif;om;acgif;aqmifawGudk xyfí zrf;qD;csKyfaESmifjcif;rsm; usifhoHk;aeygonf/ (3) cguspepfudkvnf; ausmif;om;xkBuD; w&yfvHk;u uefYuGufzsufodrf;&ef awmif;qdkaomfvnf; tmPmydkifrsm;onf aumif;pGmta&;r,l ao;ay/ xdkYaMumifh rEÅav;wuúodkvfausmif;om;rsm;or*¾onf (3) cguspepf zsufodrf;a&;? zdESdyfOya'rsm; zsuf odrf;a&;ESifh tjcm;tcGifhta&;vdktyfcsufrsm; &½Sda&;twGuf ausmif;om;xkpnf;a0;yGJBuD;rsm; jyKvkyfusif;yí wnD wñGwfwnf; awmif;qkdcJhygonf/ rdbjynfolrsm; tultnD&½Sda&;ESifh ausmif;om;xk\ trSefudkodapa&;twGuf NrdKUwGi;f vSnv hf nfqE´jycJyh gonf/ (3) cguspepf zsuo f rd ;f a&;? or*¾r0ifrae&pepf zsuo f rd ;f a&;? 65% ausmif;wuf &ufpepf zsufodrf;a&;wdkYtwGuf ausmif;om;nDñGwfa&;wyfOD;tultnDjzifh qE´vufrSwfrsm; aumufcHpk½Hk;í (700) ausmfaom qE´vufrSwfrsm;udk tmPmydkifrsm;xH wifjyawmif;qdkcJhygonf/ xdkuJhodkY awmif;qdkonfhae&mrSm rEÅav; wuúodkvfausmif;rSm½Sdonfh ausmif;om; (1200) ausmfteuf (600) ausmfonf ausmif;om;xkpnf;a0;yGJrsm;wGif pk½Hk;vmMuygonf/ vSnfhvnfyGJrsm;wGif vdkufygqE´jyMuonf/ qE´vufrSwfrsm; ay;Muygonf/ usefvlrsm; rtm; vyfí wdkufyGJwGif ryg0ifEdkifjcif;om jzpfygonf/ rEÅav;wuúodkvf ausmif;om;xkw&yfvHk;u ausmif;om;tcGifhta&;wdkufyGJrsm;tm; axmufcHtm;ay;onf udk awGU&ygonf/ odkYaomfvnf; vdkufavsmrIonf rajymyavmufao;ay/ epfemcsuf trsm;tjym; ½Sdaeao;onf/ xdkepfemcsufrsm;udk 'kwd,tBudrfajrmuf aumvdyfaygif;pHkaqG;aEG;yGJBuD;rSm wifjyqkH;jzwfjyD; wkdufyGJ0ifoGm;rnfjzpf ygonf/ xkdaMumihf þaqG;aEG;yGJBuD;wGif rEÅav;wuúokdvfausmif;om;rsm;\ epfemcsufrsm;? vdktyfcsufrsm;udkd aemiftcdsefwiG f wifjyaqG;aEG;&ef ½Syd gonf/ wuúov kd rf mS epfemqk;H ½I;H rIawG ½Sad eMuonft h m;avsmfpmG &nf½, G cf sufjcif; wlonfh ausmif;om;xkw&yfvkH; nDñGwfrIwnfaxmifjyD; tcGifhta&;wkdufyGJrsm; wyGJNyD;wyGJ qufumqufum qifEGJzYkd ½Sdygonf/ rEÅav;wuúov dk [ f k ac:qkad eMuaomfvnf; pifppftm;jzifh usaemfrsm;ausmif;rSm rEÅav;wuúov dk f aumvdyf ausmif; tjzpfjzihfom½Sdaeonfudk udk,fpm;vS,fawmfrsm;? avhvmolrsm;ESifh {nfhonfawmfrsm; od½SdNyD; jzpfygvdrfhrnf/ &efuek w f uúov kd f tkycf sKyfa&;aumifprD S rEÅav;wuúov kd af usmif;tm; 1957 ckEpS w f iG f oD;jcm;wuúov kd Bf uD; wcktjzpf wnfaxmifay;rnf[k aMunmxm;aomfvnf; oD;jcm;wuúodkvfBuD;wGif ½Sdtyfaom t*Fg&yfrsm;udk BudKwif zef;wD;ay;&rnfh wm0efwGifrlum; &efukefwuúodkvfaumifpDonf rsm;pGmcsKdU,Gif;aeonfudk awGU&ygonf/ oD;jcm; wuúov kd Bf uD;twGuf vdt k yfaom r[mXmersm;&½Sad &;twGuf tif*sief , D modyHÜ r[mXmecG?J Oya'r[mXmecG?J odyyHÜ nm r[mXmecGJ tp½So d nfwYkdtm; BudKwifziG v hf pS x f m;&efupd rö mS vnf; wpHw k &mzGi[ hf ajymqdjk cif;yif r½Scd yhJ g/ zGiv hf pS x f m;aom 494

Nidrf;csrf;a&; 'Drdkua&pDa&;BudK;yrf;rI - 1955 rS 1956 - 'Drdkua&pDa&; vltcGifUta&; Nidrf;csrf;a&; trsKd;om;a&;toGif aq;odyrHÜ [mXmecJw G iG v f nf; a½SUESpw f iG f wwd,ESpo f ifwef;rsm;udk qufvufziG v hf pS af y;NyD; uxduq&mrsm;? ausmif; aqmifrsm;? prf;oyfaom ypön;f ud&, d mrsm; jynfph pkH mG xm;½Sad y;&ef vdak eygonf/ &efuek w f uúov kd f tkycf sKyfa&;aumifpD wGif 0efBuD;csKyfO;D Ekrt S p tpd;k &0efBuD;rsm; trsm;tjym;yg0ifvsuf ynma&;toH;k p&dwf avQmch sjcif;? wuúov kd af xmufyhH aMu; odef; (70) rS odef; (65) odkY avQmhcsypfjcif;onf uRefawmfrsm;\ oD;jcm;wuúodkvf &½Sda&;udk wm;qD;ae&m a&mufygonf/ rEÅav;wuúodkvfausmif;om;rsm;or*¾onf rEÅav;wuúodkvf ausmif;om;xkw&yfvHk;tm; udk,fpm;jyK aom w&m;0iftzGJUtpnf; jzpfygaomfvnf; rEÅav;wuúodkvfausmif;om;rsm;or*¾\ &oifh&xdkufaom w&m;0if tcGifhta&;rsm;tm; qHk;½HI;epfemvsufyif ½Sdaeao;onf/ ausmif;tkyfcsKyfa&;tzGJUwGifvnf; or*¾rSudk,fpm;vS,f apvTwfa&;ü uefYowfcsKyfcs,frIrsm; jyKvkyfxm;jcif;? ausmif;aqmiftkyfcsKyfa&;? upm;ckefpm;a&;? pwdkifyif axmufyHh aMu;ay;a&; tp½Sdonfrsm;wGif yg0ifcGifhr&½HkrQru rwuopnf;rsOf;tm; ausmif;om;xk (900) cefYrS axmufcH xm;onfudkyif or*¾vGwfvyfpGm wnfaxmifzGJUpnf;cGifh ydwfyifjcif;? zdESdyfcsKyfcs,frI trsKd;rsKd;udkcHae&onf omru ausmif;taqmuftOD? ausmif;oHk;y&dabm*? q&m tp½Sdaom ynmoifMum;a&; vdktyfcsufrsm; rjynfhrpHk rzlrvHk jzpfae&jcif;? ausmif;om;qE´[lorQ vspfvsL½IcHae&jcif; tp½SdonfwdkYrSm rEÅav;wuúodkvfESifh armfvNrdKif? rauG;? ausmufjzL? aumvdyfrsm;tjyif &efukefwuúodkvf ausmif;om;xkBuD;tygt0if ArmEdkifiHwuúodkvf ausmif;om;xk BuD;onf vnf;aumif;? wjynfvHk;ausmif;om;xkonf vnf;aumif;? ,aeY awGUMuHK&ifqdkifae&onf[k uRefawmf rsm; vufcH,HkMunfxm;ygonf/ rEÅav;wuúov kd af usmif;rSm q&m rvHak vmufr?I ausmif;aqmif rvHak vmufraI wG wifjy&r,fq&kd if ausmif; om; (200) rSm q&mwa,muf oifMum;ae&onfukd vufawGUrsujf rif jzpfygw,f/ bmomtvdu k f qdik &f mXmewdik ;f rSm q&mtrsm;tjym; vdak eonfukd awGU½S&d ygonf/ pmoifcef;awGrmS vnf; rjynfrh pH?k rvHak vmufonft h wGuf ae&mxdik f cif; &,la&;udk tajy;tvTm; tvkt,uf wufa&muf oifMum;ae&ygonf/ ausmif;aqmifaygif;rSmvnf; ,aeYq&kd if (4) aqmifom ½Sdygao;onf/ jynfawmfomaqmifrSmvnf; x&HumwJwef;jzpfNyD; xdkwJwef; ausmif;aqmifxJrSm us,fus,fjyefYjyefY raeMu&ygbl;/ ESpfcef;ywfvnf tus,ft0ef;xJrSm (4) a,muf usyfusyfwnf;wnf; aeMu& ygw,f/ topfaqmufay;xm;aom ausmif;aqmifawGrmS wa,mufomaeoifah omtcef;ESihf xdt k cef;udk (2) a,muf aeMu&ygonf/ ausmif;aqmifawG[m aemufxyfwdk;csJU aqmufay;zdkYvdkygonf/ ausmif;aqmifawG[m rEÅav;e,fajr tajctaeESihf rudu k n f ?D roifah wmfwmawG awGU&ygw,f/ av;axmifh yHkoP²mefaqmufxm;NyD; av0ifavaygufr½Sdí twGif;cef;awGrSm avvHk;0r&½Sdyg/ aEG&moDqdkjyef&ifvnf; raeEdkif atmifyjl yif;vSygonf/ use;f rma&;ESihf vH;k 0rudu k n f w D m awGU&ygonf/ 'gaMumifh aemufxyfaqmufvyk rf ,fh taqmif awGrSm av0ifomNyD; usef;rma&;eJYnDñGwfwJh yHkoP²mefrsKd; aqmufvkyfzdkY awmif;qdkcJhygonf/ ,ck aqmufvkyfqJ ausmif;aqmifawGü av0ifaygufrsm;jzifh jyifqifaqmufvkyfaeonfudk awGU&ygonf/ ausmif;teD;tem; ausmif;aqmife,fajrESifh ausmif;aqmif xrif;[if;tp½Sdaom tpm;taomufrsm;udk usef;rma&;t&m½Sdu oefY½Sif;? roefY½Sif;udkvnf; rppfaq;cJhyg/ tpm;taomufrsm; roefY½Sif;onfhtwGuf a&m*g trsm;tjym; &cJMh uygonf/ ,aeYtxd aq;½HMk uD;ü tla&mifa&m*grsm;? tltwufaygufí Adu k cf u JG o k &aom a&m*grsm;? tpmtdrfaygufí AdkufcGJuko&onfh a&m*grsm;½Sdaeygao;onf/ ausmif;rSmvnf; oD;jcm;aq;½Hk r½Sdao;yg/ q&m0efrsm;vnf; tjrJr½Sdao;bJ usOf;ajrmif;aom aq;ay;cef; av;om ½Sdygonf/ q&m0ef (1) a,mufwnf;om wywfrSm Ak'¨[l;aeYwaeYomvQif vma&muf wm0ef,lonfudk awGU&ygonf/ xdkYaMumifh aq;½HkoD;jcm; aqmufvkyfay;&ef? wwfuRrf;onfh q&m0efrsm;tjrJxm;ay;&efESifh aq;0g; tjynft h pHk xm;½Sad y;&efwYkd ukd ausmif;om;wdik ;f u vdv k m;qE´½adS eojzifh þtcsufrsm;vnf; txl;awmif;qdck yhJ gonf/ ausmif;oHk;bmom&yfqdkif&m pmtkyfrsm;rSmvnf; wefzdk;BuD;jrifhpGmjzifh 0,f,loifMum;ae&ygonf/ tzdk;EIef; uefYowfrrI ½Sí d pD;yGm;a&;orm;rsm;\ tcGit hf a&;,lrI atmufwiG f aps;BuD;ay;um 0,f,o l ;kH pG&J onft h jyif tcsKUd pmtkyf pmwrf;rsm;rSm 0,f,lír&onfh tcuftcJrsm;ESifh &ifqdkifaeMu&ygonf/ þuJhodkY pmtkyfrsm;0,f,lr&í tvm;wl pmtkyfrsm;avhvm&ef pmMunfhwdkufrsm;rSmvnf; bmom&yfqdkif&m pmtkyfpmwrf;rsm; jynfhpHkvHkavmufrI r½Sdao;ay/ bmom&yfqikd &f m pmMunfw h u kd rf sm; zGiv hf pS í f pmtkypf mwrf;rsm; jynfph v kH akH vmufatmif pDpOfxm;½Sad y;jcif;rsm; vnf; r½Sdao;ay/ xdkaMumifh rEÅav;wuúodkvf ausmif;om;rsm;onf tjyifA[kokwtjzpfomru bmom&yfqdkif&m wdk;wuf rIrsm;twGuf avhvmvdu k pf m;csiaf omfvnf; avhvmvdu k pf m;cGihf r&ouJo h Ykd jzpfaeMuygonf/ xdYkaMumifh vuf½pdS mMunfh 495

jrefrmEdkifiHausmif;om;vIyf&Sm;rIordkif; - atmifxGef; wdu k w f iG f bmom&yfqikd &f m pmtkypf mwrf;rsm; jynfjh ynfph pkH kH vHv k akH vmufavmuf xm;½Sad y;&efEiS hf bmomtvdu k q f ikd &f m pmMunfhwdkufrsm; zGifhvSpfay;&ef trsm;BuD; vdktyfaeao;onf/ rEÅav;aq;odyÜHausmif;ü &ifqdkifaeMu&aom tcuftcJrsm;udk wifjy&ygvQif ,cktxd trsKd;om;ausmif; aqmif? trsKd;orD;ausmif;aqmif[í l oD;jcm;xm;½Sjd cif; r½Sad o;bJ pmoifcef;ausmif;aqmifay:üom pkaygif;aeMu&yg onf/ oifwef;tcef;rsm; rvHak vmuf rtm;vyfí prf;oyf&efypön;f ud&, d mrsm;udk rwyfqifEikd ?f roif,El ikd b f jJ zpfae Muygonf/ pdkufysKd;a&;odyÜHüvnf; q&mvHkavmufrIr½Sdí q&mrsm; iSm;&rf;ay;aeMu&ygonf/ pdkufysKd;a&;ausmif;om; rsm; aexdkif&eftwGufvnf; oD;jcm;ausmif;aqmif r½Sdao;yg/ xdkolwdkYtwGuf ausmif;aqmifvdktyfaeygao;onf/ xdYk aMumifh ausmif;wdik ;f ausmif;wdik ;f q&mrsm; rvHrk avmuf rjynfrh pHrk w I Ykd tjyif ausmif;aqmif rvHak vmufrI rsm;? ausmif;oHk;y&dabm* rjynfhrpHkrvHkavmufrIrsm;? zdESdyfrItrsKd;rsKd;rsm;ESifh &ifqdkifawGUMuHKae&onfrSm xif½Sm;vSyg onf/ ausmif;om;tcGifhta&;rsm;ESifh vdktyfcsufrsm; &½Sda&;? zdESdyfrIOya'rsm; zsufodrf;a&;twGuf &nf½G,fcsufwl ausmif;om;rsm;ESihf nDnñ D w G ñ f w G v f ufwNJG yD; jyif;jyif;xefxef aqmif½u G o f mG ;rnfukd today;vsuf þtpD&ifcpH mudk wifoGif;vdkuf&ygonf cifAsm;/ trIaqmiftzGYJ rEåav;wuúodkvfausmif;om;rsm;or*¾ rEåav;NrdKY xdk 'kwd,Budrfajrmuf wuúodkvfESifh aumvdyfaygif;pHkaqG;aEG;yGJrS a
(n) udw k ifat;udpö uefu h u G v f mT odkY ----------------------------aeYpGJ- 19? 3? 56 udpö / / txl;wef;aecGifh ½kyfodrf;jcif;udk uefYuGufjcif;/ cifAsm;&efukefwuúodkvfausmif;om;rsm;or*¾ taxGaxGtwGif;a&;rSL; udkwifat;tm; uGefjrLepfpm½Gufpmwrf; rsm; a0iSonf[lí taMumif;jyum rw&m;zrf;qD;cJhygonf/ þodkYzrf;qD;NyD; &efukefaxmifBuD;twGif; csKyfaESmif xm;ygonf/ xdkcsKyfaESmifxm;pOftwGif; udkwifat;rSm txl;wef;ü aexdkifcGifh&cJhygonf/ odkYaomf 16? 3? 56 rSpí ½Hk;rif;a½SUü &refcH,l&ef rvma&muf[laom tMumif;jycsufjzifh txl;wef;aecGifh ½kyfodrf;vdkufonf[k od&ygonf/ ½H;k rif;a½SUü &refc, H &l efrvma&muf[al om taMumif;jycsufjzifh txl;wef;aecGihf ½kyo f rd ;f jcif;onf r[kwf rrSeftaMumif;jyum taMumif;rJhzdESdyfvdkíom jzpfonf[k ,lqygonf/ &refcH,l&mwGif rnfonfhtcsKyfom;rqdk ½Hk;rif;a½SUwGif taMumif;udpöw&yf&yfaMumifh rvma&mufEdkifygu pmjzifhvufrSwfa&;xdk; taMumif;Mum;ygvQif NyD;pD;Edkifonfh udpöjzpfygonf/ ,cifwBudrfuvnf; &refcH,l&mwGif udkwifat; rxGufa&mufEdkifojzifh pmjzifh vufrSwfa&;xdk; taMumif;Mum;&m &refcH,ljcif;udpö NyD;ajrmufcJhygonf/ þodkYpmjzifha&;om; tMumif;Mum;ygu NyD;pD;Edkifonfhudpö jzpfojzifh ,cktBudrfwGifvnf; udkwifat;u pmjzifha&;om;um taMumif;Mum;cJhygonf/ odYk vsufEiS hf ,cktBudrw f iG rf S ½H;k rif;a½SU rvma&muf[al om tMumif;jycsufjzifh txl;wef;aecGihf ½kyo f rd ;f jcif;onf vHk;0enf;vrf; rusonfhtjyif cdkifvHkaomtaMumif;jycsufvnf; r[kwf[k ,lqygonf/ 496

Nidrf;csrf;a&; 'Drdkua&pDa&;BudK;yrf;rI - 1955 rS 1956 - 'Drdkua&pDa&; vltcGifUta&; Nidrf;csrf;a&; trsKd;om;a&;toGif ,ckuJhodkY enf;vrf;rusrcdkifvHkaom taMumif;jycsufjzifh tcGifhta&; ½kyfodrf;jcif;onf ,cifu wuo taxGaxGtwGif;a&;rSL; udkwifat;tm; &mZ0wfjypfrIusL;vGefolrsm;uJhodkY vufxdyfcwfac:&mwGif rvdkufonfh tNidK;jzifhom ,ckuJhodkY txl;weff;aexdkifcGifh tcGifhta&;½kyfodrf;jcif;om jzpfygonf/ odkYygí &efukefwuúodkvf ausmif;om;rsm;or*¾u ½SufzG,fvdvd rw&m;þodkYjyKrljcif;udk jyif;xefpGm uefYuGufvdkuf&ygonf/ av;pm;pGmjzifh (bkef;vIdif) taxGaxGtwGif;a&;rSL; wuo odom&ef(1) jynfxJa&; (2) w&m;Xme (3) ykvdyfrif;BuD; (4) 'k-ykvdyfrif;BuD; (&mZ0wfrIqdkif&m) (5) qdkif&mw&m;olBuD; (6) owif;pmwdkufrsm;

(#) 1955-56 ckEpS f wuo tpD&ifcpH m &efukefwuúodkvfausmif;om;rsm;or*¾ (1955-1956 ckESpf tpD&ifcHpm) yxrtywf (wuo) a½G;aumufyu JG kd atmufwb kd mv (10) &ufaeYwiG f usif;y&m wyfO;D ud, k pf m;vS,rf sm; jzpfMuaom udkwifxGef; (ewfarmuf) onf wuo\ Ouú|tjzpfjzifhvnf;aumif;;? podef;[ef (u&iftrsKd;om;) onf wuo 'k-Ouú|tjzpfjzifhvnf;aumif;? udkpHabmf (&cdkiftrsKd;om;? B .A, B. L) wuo\b@ma&;rSL;tjzpf jzifhvnf;aumif; toD;oD;a½G;aumuf wifajr§mufjcif;cH&\/ 'kwd,tywf wuoa½G;aumufyGJudk atmufwdkbmv (21) &ufaeYwGifusif;y&m atmufygwyfOD; udk,fpm; vS,frsm;onf wuotrIaqmifrsm;tjzpf rJtjywftowfESifh a½G;aumufwifajr§mufjcif;cH&onf/ ¤if;trIaqmiftzGJYwGif(1) udkwifat; taxGaxGtwGif;a&;rSL; (rEÅav;) (2) udkbkef;vdIif wGJzuftwGif;a&;rSL; (tif;0) (3) apmtuf'refwifcsKd EdkifiHjcm;qufoG,fa&;rSL; (u&iftrsKd;om;) (4) udkausmfjrifh upm;ckefpm;ESifh ,Ofaus;rIjr§ifhwifa&;rSL; (½Srf;) (5) udkjrifhOD; vlxkqufoG,fa&;ESifh aygif;oif;qufqHa&;rSL; (6) udkarmifarmifñGefY ausmif;om;oufomacsmifcsda&;rSL; -ponfjzifh wm0eftoD;oD; cGJa0xrf;aqmifcJhMuayonf/ wuo\ pnf;rsOf;pOfvmt&trIaqmiftzGJYrS(1) udk0if;Zif (2) udkwifat; -tjzpf a½G;cs,fcefUtyfcJhayonf/

tdk;a0wm0efcH pmMunfhwdkufrSL;

1955-56 ckESpftwGuf tdk;a0r*¾Zif;aumfrwDudk(1) udk0if;Zif tdk;a0wm0efcHt,f'Dwm (2) udkpHabmf aiGxdef; (3) udkodef;[ef tvkyfwm0efcH 497

jrefrmEdkifiHausmif;om;vIyf&Sm;rIordkif; - atmifxGef; (4) udkcsdef*Grf (5) udkausmf0if;jrifh (6) udkwif½Sdef (7) udkwifhvGif -wdkYudkzGJUpnf;cJhonf/

twGif;a&;rSL; trIaqmif trIaqmif trIaqmif

1955-56 ckESpf yd#duwfwdkuftwGuf (1) udkwifat; yd#duwfwdkufrSL; (2) udkpHabmf aiGxdef; (3) apmawvm aumfrwD0if (4) udkcifarmif&if aumfrwD0if (5) udkvSaz (&cdkif) aumfrwD0if (6) udkoef;vGif aumfrwD0if (7) udkapmvGif aumfrwD0if -wdkY yg0ifaom aumfrwDw&yfudk zGJUpnf;cJhayonf/

(aemif OD;wifhaZmf)

wuúodkvfupm;ckefpm;aumifpDudkvnf;(1) udkausmfjrifh (2) udkodef;ñGefU (3) udkxGef;atmif (4) udka½TaX; (5) pwdkifavr,f*spf -wdkYudk wm0efay;zGJUpnf;cJhayonf/ &efukefwuúodkvfausmif;om;rsm;or*¾\ pm&if;ppftjzpf OD;oef;wl (bDatbDt,fvf) udk cefYxm;cJhonf/ wuúodkvftkyfcsKyfa&;aumifpDwGif ausmif;om;xk\ vdktyfcsufrsm;? qE´rsm;? awmif;qdkcsufrsm;udk wifjy aqG;aEG;onft h cgwGif vnf;aumif;? wuúov kd w f iG ½f adS om jyóemt&yf&yfupkd Of;pm;&mü vnf;aumif;? pnf;rsO;f tpOf vmt& ausmif;om;xk\udk,fpm; (wuo) \ udk,fpm;vS,ftjzpf (1) OD;at;armif (w&m;a&;0efBuD;a[mif;ESifh wuúodkvf 'k-t"dywda[mif;) (2) OD;bNidrf; (tdkifpDtufpf twGif;0ifa[mif;) wdkYtm; a½G;cs,fwifajr§mufcJhMuayonf/ OD;at;armifonf wuúov kd af q;½Hak umfrwDwiG v f nf; wuo\ ud, k pf m;vS,t f jzpf wm0ef,al qmif½u G af e ayonf/ OD;bNidrf;onf ausmif;aqmifaumfrwDESifh wuúodkvf&dyfomaumfrwDwGif wuo\ udk,fpm;vS,ftjzpf wm0ef,laqmif½Gufvsuf ½Sdayao;onf/ &efuek w f uúov kd af usmif;aqmifaumfrwDwiG f ausmif;om;xku, kd pf m;vS,t f jzpf wuorS udak rmifarmifñeG Yf ESifh udkausmfjrifhwdkYtm; wm0efay;aqmif½Guf cJhaponf/ &efukefwuúodkvfausmif;om;rsm;or*¾\ Ouú|opf usrf;opömusdefqdkyGJudk 1955 ckESpf? Edk0ifbmv (17) &ufaeYwiG f ,k'oefcef;rüusi;f ycJo h nf/ xdu k sr;f opömused q f ykd w JG iG f igwdYk wuo trIaqmiftzGUJ 0if\0g'udk atmufyg twdkif; ausmif;om;xkodkY wifjy½Sif;vif;cJhayonf/ 1/ ausmif;om;tcGifhta&; umuG,fa&;? tqifhtwef;jrifhaom ynma&;ESifh ausmif;om;b0 om,majzmifh jzL;a&;/ 2/ ausmif;om;nDñw G af &;ESihf w&m;rQwaom ausmif;om;ta&;jyóemwdik ;f wGif aqmif½u G v f akd om ausmif; om;tiftm;pkrsm; ausmif;om;tzGJUtpnf;rsm;ESifh yl;wGJaqmif½Gufa&;/ 3/ Nidrf;csrf;pGmynmoifMum;a&;? ,Ofaus;rIxdef;odrf;jr§ifhwifa&;ESifh ausmif;om;tcsif;csif; &if;ESD;pGmaygif; oif;qufqHa&; ponfhtajccH0g'rsm;udk csrSwfí ¤if;0g'\atmufü ,ckESpfwGifvkyfaqmifrnfh t"du vkyfief;BuD; (8) &yfudkvnf; csrSwfcJhonf/ (1) oHk;cgusausmif;xkwfpepf y,fzsufa&;/ 498

Nidrf;csrf;a&; 'Drdkua&pDa&;BudK;yrf;rI - 1955 rS 1956 - 'Drdkua&pDa&; vltcGifUta&; Nidrf;csrf;a&; trsKd;om;a&;toGif (2) pmar;yGu J sqH;k rI ,kwaf vsmhap&ef bmom&yfvu kd f (Departmentel Moderation) vky½f o kH mru? tm;vHk;pkaygif;í (Overall Moderation) vkyfa&;/ (3) ausmif;om;or0g,rESifh ausmif;om;pm;aomufqdkif (Canteen) wck azmfxkwfa&;/ (4) or*¾yd#duwfwdkuf pepfwus wnfaqmufzGifhvSpfa&;/ (5) aumvdyfaygif;pHk ajy;ckefupm;yGJESifh aumvdyfaygif;pHk aqG;aEG;yGJjyKvkyfa&;/ (6) 1955 ckESpf atmufwdkbmvwGif usif;yrnfh vli,faygif;pHkaqG;aEG;yGJBuD;wGif yg0ifaqmif½Gufa&;/ (7) wuotaqmuftOD wdk;csJUa&;ESifh pnf;rsOf;jyifqifa&;/ (8) ausmif;om;nDñGwfa&;/ &Jabmf ausmif;ol^om;taygif;wdkhtxuf0g'ESifh vkyfief;pOft& 1955-56 ckESpftwGuf ausmif;om;xkwm0efay;tyf a½G;aumufwifajr§muf cJhaom wuo trIaqmiftzGJU\ vkyfief;vkyfaqmifcsufrsm;udk tvkyftpnf;ta0;yGJwGif atmufygtwdkif; tpD&ifcH ygonf/ wuoonf wuúov kd af usmif;om;xkw&yfv;kH awGUMuHKcHpm;ae&aom jyóem&yfrsm;? rw&m;Oya'rsm;udk zsufodrf;&eftwGuf ausmif;om;xka½SUü rm;rm;rwfrwf &yfwnfwdkufyGJ0ifvsuf ½Sdygonf/ 13? 1? 56 aeYwiG f usif;ycJah om wuúov kd af umifpD tpnf;ta0;yGüJ ausmif;om;xkw&yfv;kH cHpm;ae&aom awmif;qdck surf sm; w&mausmu f kd wifjyawmif;qdck yhJ gonf/ ¤if;awmif;qdck surf sm;onf a,bk,stm;jzifh ausmif;aqmif ESifhywfoufaom awmif;qdkcsufrsm;? pmar;yGJESifhywfoufaom awmif;qdkcsufrsm;? ausmif;om;tcGifhta&; umuG,f aom awmif;qdkcsufrsm; jzpfygonf/ wuo\ awmif;qdkcsufESifhywfoufí aumifpDrS atmufygtwdkif; jyefMum;yg onf/ (1) ,ckESpfrS pí Overall moderation vkyfay;rnf/ (2) Caution Fees rsm;udk y,fzsufay;rnf/ (3) Laboratory rsm;udk ausmif;om; tvdk½SdcsdefwGif prf;oyfcGifhjyKEdkif&ef Dean of Science ESifh pDpOfí prf;oyfcGifhjyKrnf/ (4) *kPfxl;wef;ESifh r[m0dZÆmodyÜHwef; axmufyHhaMu;udk 100d^- txd wdk;ay;&ef oabmwlonf/ oHk;cgusausmif;xkwfpepfESifh 65% pepfwdkYudk pOf;pm;&efESifh tjcm;oifhawmfaom enf;pepf½Sdygu aumifpD odkY wifjy&ef atmufygaumfrwDudk zGJUpnf;ygonf/ 1/ ygarmu©csKyf (cs,f,mrif) 2/ odyÜHr[mXmerSL; 3/ 0dZÆmr[mXmerSL; 4/ ausmif;tkyfBuD; (rEÅav;) 5/ OD;bNidrf; (wuoudk,fpm;vS,f) 6/ OD;xGef;wif (NrdKUawmf0efa[mif;) wuúodkvfodkY 0ifa&muf&mwGif ,cifvufrSwfa&;xdk;&aom (Any action against University etc.) tpm; atmufygtcsufrsm;udk tpm;oGif;ay;ygonf/ (1) I will obey all existing future statutes, rules & regulation of the University and decisions of its constituent authorities. (2) I will properly conduct myself as a student of the University.

q&mrsm;yg0ifaom aumfrwDw&yf zGJUpnf;í pnf;urf;opfjyK&mwGifvnf; ausmif;om;qE´udk &,lrnf/ ausmif;om; (40) vQif t&nftcsif;jynfh q&mwa,mufxm;½Sda&;? pmoifcef;rsm;? ausmif;aqmifrsm; wdk;csJUaqmuf vkyfa&;? avmu"gwfynm prf;oyf&efypönf;rsm; jynfhpHkvHkavmufpGm xm;½Sda&;? enf;jyq&mrsm; wdk;csJUcefUxm;a&; paom awmif;qdkcsufrsm;wGif wuúodkvfaumifpDrS rltm;jzifh vufcHvdkufavsmayonf/ rD;&xm;? rD;oabFm? av,mOfysHponfwdkYwGif w0ufcEIef;jzifh pD;eif;cGifhjyK&efjzpfaom oufomacsmifcsda&; awmif;qdkcsufwdkYwGif aumifpDrS qdkif&mESifhpDpOfaeygonf[k jyefMum;cJhayonf/ tm;upm;½Hjk yifqifa&;paom upm;ckepf m;ESiyhf wfoufaom awmif;qdck sufrsm;? ausmif;om;wdik ;f aq;tcrJh 499

jrefrmEdkifiHausmif;om;vIyf&Sm;rIordkif; - atmifxGef; xdk;&efpaom usef;rma&;awmif;qdkcsufwdkYwGifvnf; aumifpDrS pDpOfygrnf[laom jyefMum;csufudk &½SdcJhygonf/ ausmif;olrsm;twGuf aq;½Ho k ;D oefY aqmufvyk af y;ygrnf[al om ausmif;olwYkdtwGuf awmif;qdck surf sm;udk vnf;aumif;? aq;odyÜHtwGuf awmif;qdkcsufrsm;udkvnf;aumif;? tif*sifeD,mtwGuf taqmuftODrsm; NyD;pD;ygu jynfph ykH grnf[al om jyefMum;csurf sm;wGif &efuif;? xD;wef;wuúov kd f ausmif;aqmifupd t ö &yf&yfwYkdukd vufcyH gonf[l í vnf;aumif;? tcsKdUudk aumifpDESifh rqdkif[lí vnf;aumif;;? tcsKdUtcsufrsm;udk rjzpfEdkifyg[lí vnf;aumif;; wuúodkvfaumifpDrS jyefMum;cJhayonf/ &Jabmfw-hkd ausmif;om;xk\ wcJeufaomqE´ESifh nDñGwfaomtiftm;aMumifh ,aeYtmPmydkifwdkYonf cg;cg;oD;oD; y,fcscJhaom (3) cgusausmif;xkwfpepfudk ,cktcg þuJhodkY pHkprf;a&;aumfrwDyifvQif cefYtyfMu&ayonf/ odkYaomf þtcsuo f nf atmifjrifjcif; r[kwaf o;ay/ ausmif;om;xk\ cdik rf mawmifw h if; nDñw G af om tiftm;jzifh ¤if;pepfq;kd ysufokOf;onftxd qufvufwGef;vSef NzdKzsuf&ef vdktyfayonf/ igwdYk onf ausmif;om;tcGit hf a&; umuG,af &;vkyif ef; awmif;qdck sufvyk if ef;tjyif ,ckuo hJ Ykd ausmif;om; rsm; tcGifhta&; ½kyfodrf;cH&onfhtcsdef ausmif;om;xkw&yfvHk;udk rw&m;ausmif;pnf;rsOf; Oya'rsm;ESifh &pfywfí pmoifcef;twGif;rS armif;xkwfjcif;cHae&onfh tcsdefwGif ausmif;om;nDñGwfa&; vufeufudkudkifpGJum awmif;qdk wdkufyGJ0ifrS atmifjrifEdkifrnf[k wuou ,HkMunfojzifh ausmif;om;nDñGwfa&; vkyfief;rsm;udk txl;aqmif½GufcJh ygonf/ Ed0k ifbm (17) &ufaeY urÇmah usmif;om;aeYwiG f igwdYk wuoonf Auorsm;tzGUJ csKyf? &uowdYk EiS hf yl;wGNJ yD; crf;em;pGm usif;yEdkifcJhonf/ ¤if;aeYrSm urÇmhausmif;om;rsm;\ tajctae? Armhausmif;om;rsm;\ ypöu©tajctae rsm;tm; qufpyfavhvmwifjyum ¤if;wifjycsufawGxJüyif ausmif;om;wdkufyGJ toGifo@mefrsm;udk odjrifenf;,l Edik cf MhJ uonf/ (35) Budraf jrmuf trsKd;om;aeYüvnf; wrsKd;om;vH;k \ta&;rsm;udk wuoonf &mZ0iftpOftvmt& a½SUwef;rS yg0ifaqmif½Gufum Auorsm;tzGJUcsKyfESifh &uowdkYygyl;wGJí acgif;aqmifusif;y EdkifcJhonf/ 'DZifbmv (20) &uf (0g) ausmif;om;aeYüvnf; wuúodkvfpmMunfhwdkuf a½SUjrufcif;jyifwGif Auorsm;tzGJUcsKyf? &uowdkYESifh vufwGJí vkyfaqmifcJhMuonf/ Adkvfatmifausmf aoG;ajruscJhaom twGif;0efrsm;½Hk;aygufodkY oGm;a&mufNyD; ,aeYwdkif ausmif;om;rsm; udv k ekd yD nma&;pepfatmufwiG f tvl;tvdrt fh n§O;f yef;cHae&onfuw kd ikd w f nfNyD;vQif Adv k af tmifausmv f kd vm;aom 'Dru kd a&pDynma&;pHepftwGuf qufvufNyD;wdu k yf 0JG ifrnfqo kd nfukd ausmif;om;aeYwiG f t"d|mefjyKMuonf/ ,ckEpS w f iG f vkyaf qmifrnfh wuo\ t"duvkyif ef;pOf (8) &yfwiG yf g0ifaom Armwjynfv;kH ½Sd vli,frsm;ESihf &if;ES;D rdwaf qGjzpfa&; vli,fxpk nf;vH;k nDñw G af &;ESihf vli,fb0tajctae avhvma&;wdYk twGuf 1955 ckEpS f Ed0k ifbm v (23-24) &ufaeYrsm;wGif usif;yaom vli,faygif;pHkaqG;aEG;yGJBuD;wGif wuoonf tifwdkuftm;wdkuf yg0ifcJhNyD; ,aeYcHpm;ae&aom ausmif;om;jyóemrsm;udk wifjyaqG;aEG;EdkifcJhonf/ xdYk tjyif ,aeYwuúov kd w f iG f cHpm;ae&onfh jyóem&yfrsm;udk awGUqHak qG;aEG;vdak Mumif; wuúov kd t f "dywd 0efBuD;csKyfOD;EkxH urf;vSrf;cJh&m vufcHojzifh 24? 1? 56 aeY? nydkif;wGif awGUqHkaqG;aEG;cJhMuaMumif;/ ¤if;aqG;aEG;yGJodkY wuotrIaqmifrsm; wufa&mufMuum(1) oHk;cgusausmif;xkwfpepf y,fzsufay;&ef? (2) &moufyef ausmif;xkwfxm;olrsm;jyefoGef;&ef? (3) 0&rf;xkwfxm;aom ausmif;om;ESpfOD;ESifh tzrf;cHae&ol wOD; vTwf&ef? (4) wuopmMunfhwdkuftwGuf aiGvSL'gef;&ef? (5) tm½S-tmz&duausmif;om;nDvmcHodkY wufa&mufEdkifa&;twGuf EdkifiHul;vufrSwf xkwfay;&efwdkYudk aqG;aEG;cJh&m wuopmMunfhwdkuftwGuf aiG 2180d^- &½Sdí tm½S-tmz&duausmif;om;nDvmcH wufa&mufa&; twGuf aqmif½u G af y;rnf/ (3) cguspepf? &moufyefausmif;xkwcf &H olrsm;ESihf 0&rf;xkwcf &H olrsm;twGuf pOf;pm;ygOD; rnf[lí jyefMum;csuf&cJhaMumif;/ ¤if;jyifausmif;aqmifrsm;tkycf sKyfa&;ESiyhf wfoufí ausmif;om;rsm;upDpOf&ef tMuHÓPfay;aqG;aEG;&mwGi-f (u) vmrnfh azazmf0g&DvrSpí ausmif;om;rsm;u pm;a&;aomufa&; ponfwkdYukd pDrHcefYcGJívkyf&ef/ wuorS {NyDvqef;rS pwifprf;oyf vkyfaqmifygrnf[k wifjycJhonf/ ]tkycf sKyaf &;pHepfudk ausmif;om;rsm;okhd vJaT o;onf r[kwf} 500

Nidrf;csrf;a&; 'Drdkua&pDa&;BudK;yrf;rI - 1955 rS 1956 - 'Drdkua&pDa&; vltcGifUta&; Nidrf;csrf;a&; trsKd;om;a&;toGif (c) tkyfcsKyfpDrHrIpepf? ykHpHpnf;urf;rsm;ukd tjrefqkH;avhvm&ef wuorS avhvmrnfukd wifjycJhonf/ (*) tu,fí ausmif;om;rsm; uk, d w f idk af qmif½u G yf gu ausmif;aqmifaumfrwDoYdk vkt d yfaomtcg xkwaf y;aeusaiG ukd ausmif;om;rsm;ukd,fwkdif aqmif½GufonfhtcgwGif yxrESpfvomxkwfay;NyD; usefvrsm;wGif xkwfray;Edkif awmhaMumif; wifjyonf/ ]wuorS ausmif;aqmifaumfrwDohdk vkt d yfonft U cg xkwaf y;aeusaiGudk qufvuf xkwfay;&ef wifjyonf} txufyg 0efBuD;csKyf\ wifjycsuw f YkdrmS ausmif;aqmifrsm; ud, k yf ikd t f yk cf sKyfciG ahf y;jcif;jzpfonf r[kwaf o;[k ,lqojzifh oufqdkif&mrsm;ESifh n§dEIdif;pOf;pm;ygrnf[k jyefvnfwifjycJhaomaMumifh 0efBuD;csKyfu ygarmu©csKyfESifh wdkifyifn§dEIdif;vkyf&ef ygarmu©csKyfodkY wm0efvTJvdkufaMumif;/ 1956 ckESpf? Zefe0g&Dv (7) &ufaeYu atmufwdkbm ausmif;wvydwfa&;ESifh pyfvsOf;í rw&m;ausmif; xkwcf &H aom aemifawmfausmif;om;rsm; tm;vH;k udk zdwaf c:í wuotrIaqmifrsm;ESihf aqG;aEG;NyD; rdrw d Ykd ausmif;jyef 0ifcGifh&½Sdap&ef wuotrIaqmiftcsKdUESifh &moufyefausmif;xkwfcH&aom ausmif;om;tcsKdUyg0ifaom ausmif;xkwf jcif;cH&onfh ausmif;om;rsm; ausmif;jyef0ifa&;aqmif½GufrIaumfrwDw&yfudk zGJUpnf;cJhonf/ ¤if;aumfrwDrSaeí Zefe0g&Dv (12) &ufaeYwGif toHwdwfqE´jyyGJudk vSnfhvnfjyocJhonf/ &moufyefausmif;xkwfxm;jcif;cH&aom ausmif;om;rsm; vSnfhvSnfqE´jypOf ausmif;ol? ausmif;om;rsm; 0dkif;0ef;BudKqdkMuonfhtjyif ¤if;wdkYtm; tpm;t aomufrsm;ESifh {nfhcHauR;arG;cJhonf/ Zefe0g&Dv (13) &uf aumifpDtpnf;ta0;rSm wBudrf toHwdwfqE´jyyGJudk qufvufjyKvkyMf uonf/ ¤if;aeYrmS &moufyefausmif;xkwx f m;cH&aom aemifawmfausmif;om;rsm;\ cHpm;&csufrsm; udkMunfhí rcsdwifuJjzpfcJh&aom ausmif;om;xkonf &moufyefausmif;xkwfjcif;cH&aom aemifawmfausmif;om;rsm; ESifhtwl wcJeufa
jrefrmEdkifiHausmif;om;vIyf&Sm;rIordkif; - atmifxGef; arvwGif tif'dkeD;½Sm;jynf? befa'gif;NrdKUwGif usif;yrnf jzpfaom tmz&du-tm½Sausmif;om;rsm; nDvmcHudk wuf a&muf&ef vufcHNyD;aemuf &efukefwuúodkvf? rEÅav;wuúodkvf? armfvNrdKifaumvdyf? rauG;aumvdyfausmif;om;rsm; or*¾rsm;? AuotzGJUcsKyf? &uowdkUESifh yl;wGJí trsKd;om;jyifqifa&;w&yfudk zGJUpnf;cJhonf/ ¤if;aumfrwD\em,u tjzpfuv kd nf; Edik if aH wmf0efBuD;csKyf wuúov kd t f "dywd OD;Ektm; wifajr§muftwnfjyKcJo h nf/ ¤if;aumfrwDwiG f igwdYk \ wuorS ausmif;om;tcsif;csif; &if;ESD;pGmyl;aygif;aqmif½GufEdkifa&;0g'twdkif; 'Dtufpftdkausmif;om;tzGJUtpnf; jzpfaom AuoXmecsKyftm;vnf; zdwaf c:cJah yonf/ odYk aomf 0rf;enf;zG,&f maumif;onfrmS ¤if;wdYk rwufa&mufcahJ y/ ,aeYigwdYk onf Nidr;f csr;f pGm ynmoifMum;vdo k nf/ xdYk aMumifyh if tcGit hf a&;qH;k ½H;I rI? rauseyfrI vdiI ;f wHy;kd x aeonfh ynmoifMum;a&; tajctaeMum;wGif wuoonf oufqikd &f mtmPmydik rf sm;ESihf Nidr;f csr;f pGmawGUqHak jz½Si;f &ef qE´½Sdonfhtwdkif; aqmif½GufcJhayonf/ odkYaomf igwdkYrSm usqHk;aeao;aom tcGifhta&;rsm; jyefvnfr&½Sdao;ay/ xdkaMumifh igwdkYonf ausmif;om;xk\ nDñGwfa&;vufeufudkpGJudkifum qufvufwdkufyGJ0if&rnfyif jzpfayonf/ ,ckESpf wuúodkvf&mZ0ifwGif armfuGef;wifusef&pfrnfh vkyfief;&yfrSm 20? 1? 56 &ufrS 21? 1? 56 &uf xd usif;yNyD;pDcJhonfh aumvdyfaygif;pHk ajy;ckefupm;yGJESifh 23? 1? 56 &ufrS 25? 1? 56 &ufxd usifyNyD;pDcJhaom 'kwd,tBudrfajrmuf aumvdyfaygif;pHkawGUqkHaqG;aEG;yGJBuD;yif jzpfayonf/ aumvdyfaygif;pkH ajy;ckefupm;yGJBuD;wGif ausmif;om;tcsif;csif; cspfMunf&if;ESDa&;? rdwfaqGjzpfa&;ESifh usef;rma&; tqifhtwef;jr§ifhwifa&;qdkonfh &nf½G,f csufjzifh wuo&mZ0ifrSm yxrtBudrf pwifusif;ycJhonf/ ¤if;ajy;ckefupm;yGJBuD;udk Armjynft&yf&yfü ½Sdaom wuúodkvfESifhaumvdyfrsm;;rS upm;ckefpm; ausmif;ol? ausmif;om;rsm; tm;wufoa&m wufa&muf ,SOfNydKifupm;Mu onf/ oGm;vmrItcuftcJaMumifh ausmufjzLaumvdyrf S rwufa&mufEikd af cs/ txufyg aumvdyaf ygif;pHk ajy;ckeu f pm; yGJBuD; jzpfajrmufa&;twGuf q&mESifhausmif;om; &ifESD;pGm vufwGJaqmif½GufEdkifcJhojzifh txl;yif 0rf;ajrmufayonf/ wuoonf ajy;ckeu f pm;yGBJ uD; ydrk akd tmifjrifr½I adS p&eftwGuf A[djk yefMum;a&;aumfrwDBuD;w&yfukd zGUJ pnf; um1/ owif;ESifhjyefMum;a&;? 0g'jzefYcsda&;qyfaumfrwD 2/ {nfhcHBudKqdka&;qyfaumfrwD 3/ tcrf;tem;ESifhae&mcsxm;a&;aumfrwD 4/ pnf;½Hk;a&;aumfrwD 5/ b@ma&;aumfrwDponfjf zifh aumfrwDrsm;udk zGUJ pnf;um tm;BudK;rmefwuf aqmif½u G Mf uonf/ tm;ay; ulncD MhJ uaom toif;tzGUJ rsm;? vly*k Kd¾ vfrsm;? wuúov kd q f &mrsm;udv k nf; aus;Zl;wif½ydS gaMumif; rSww f rf;wifygonf/ aumvdyaf ygif;pHak wGUqHak qG;aEG;yGJ usi;f y&jcif;\&nf½, G cf surf mS wuúov kd Ef iS ahf umvdyt f oD;oD;rS wlnaD om cHpm;csufrsm;udk aqG;aEG;NyD; rnfuJhodkYtajz½Sm aqmif½Gufrnfhtcsufyif jzpfayonf/ txufyg 'kwd,tBudrfajrmuf aumvdyfaygif;pHkawGUqHkaqG;aEG;yGJBuD;wGif ausmif;om;xkvdktyfcsufrsm;? ausmif;om;xktcGit hf a&;rsm;udk OD;pm;ay;NyD; aqG;aEG;ygonf/ aqG;aEG;yGjJ zpfajrmufa&;twGuf wuúov kd Ef iS ahf umvdyf toD;oD;rS ausmif;om;or*¾rsm; OD;pD;aqmif½Gufygonf/ aqG;aEG;yGJBuD;udk oufqdkif&mudk,fpm;vS,frsm; yg0ifaom1/ obmywdrsm;tzGJU 2/ twGif;a&;rSL;rsm;tzGJU zGJUpnf;NyD; ausmif;om;a&;&mjyóem&yfrsm;udk n§dEIdif;aqG;aEG;Muonf/ ¤if;aqG;aEG;yGJBuD;rS wuúodkvfESifhaumvdyftoDoD;rS wlnDaomcHpm;csuf awmif;qdkcsufrsm;udk qufvuftaumift xnfazmfEikd &f ef obmywdtzGUJ ESihf twGi;f a&;rSL;rsm;tzGUJ udk wm0efay;cJo h nf/ wuoonf aqG;aEG;yGrJ S wifjyaqG;aEG; cJhaom ,aeY wuúodkvfynma&; tajctae? jynfwGif;ppf &yfpJ&efyefMum;vTmESifh wuúodkvfESifhaumvdyftoD;oD;rS wlnDaomcHpm;csuf? awmif;qdkcsufrsm;udk rdbjynfolrsm;odkY xda&mufpGmwifjyEdkif&ef yHkESdyfxkwfa0jcif;ESifh &efukefNrdKU tESHYtjym;wGif &yfuGuf½Sif;vif;yGJrsm; jyKvkyfusif;yMuygonf/ ausmif;om;xkw&yfv;kH \epfemcsujf zpfaom (3) cguspepfq;kd udw k u kd zf su&f mwGif ausmif;om;xk\ axmuf cHtm;ay;rIudk,lí qE´jyyGJrsm;? pnf;a0;yGJrsm;ESifh qE´vufrSwfrsm; jyKvkyfEdkifcJhayonf/ wuo\ awmif;qdkcsufrsm;ESifh ausmif;om;ta&;jyóem t&yf&yfudk wdkif;jynfodkY wifjy&eftwGuf wdkif;jynfrsufESmzHk;jzpfaom owif;q&mrsm; tpnf;ta0;udk rMumcPac:,lí ½Sif;vif; wifjycJhygonf/ igwdYk wuoonf ausmif;om;a&;owfowfuo kd m awmif;qdck o hJ nfr[kw?f q&mrsm;twGuq f v kd Qif q&mOD; a&enf;jcif;udk wd;k jr§ichf efYxm;&efEiS hf q&mrsm;twGuf vHak vmufaom vpmaiGw;kd jr§iahf y;&efyg awmif;qdx k m;ayonf/ ausmif;om;rsm;\ema&;udpjö zpfaom tokbrsm;wGiv f nf; wuorSwwfEikd o f rQ ulnaD qmif½u G cf ahJ yonf/ 502

Nidrf;csrf;a&; 'Drdkua&pDa&;BudK;yrf;rI - 1955 rS 1956 - 'Drdkua&pDa&; vltcGifUta&; Nidrf;csrf;a&; trsKd;om;a&;toGif 1953 ckESpf ausmif;om;ta&;awmfyHkwGif wuotaqmuftODtm; qdk½S,fvpfvufyg;ap opömazmuf 'Dtufpftdkrsm;ESifh (22) ,ltrfyDwdkY odrf;ydkufxm;pOf wuopmMunfhwdkufonf zsufqD;acsrIef;cHcJh&onfhtavsmuf xlaxmif&efvkyfief;w&yftjzpf wuoonf pGrf;aqmifcJh&m wuúodkvft"dywd OD;Ek\ tvSL'gejzifh aiG 2180d^&½SdcJhNyD;? pmtkyftMurf;rsm;udk 0,f,lodrf;qnf;xm;ygonf/ aEG&moDtwGif; pmMunfhwdkufudk rGrf;rHjyifqifxm;rnf jzpfayaMumif;? wuo\ &J&ifhaoma
503

jrefrmEdkifiHausmif;om;vIyf&Sm;rIordkif; - atmifxGef;

OD;wifxeG ;f (ewfarmuf) (1955-56) Source: Oway Magazines

awmifwiG ;f BuD;c½dik f ewfarmufNrKdUe,f? a½Tyef;awm½Gmü arG;zGm;onf/ 1948-49 ckEpS w f iG f &efuek w f uúov kd o f Ykd a&muf½Sdum ynmqnf;yl;onf/ 1954-55 ckESpfwGif wuotrIaqmiftjzpf a½G;aumufwifjr§mufjcif;cH&í twGi;f a&;rSL;tjzpf wm0efay;tyfjcif;cH&onf/ 1955-56 ckEpS w f iG f wuoOuú| jzpfonf/ 1953 ckESpf atmufwdkbmausmif;wvydwfa&; ta&;awmfyHkESifhywfoufí &moufyef ausmif;xkwfcH&aom ausmif;om;rsm; ausmif;jyef0ifciG &hf ½Scd o hJ nf/ a½Smifwrd ;f ae&aom ausmif;om;acgif;aqmif (2) OD;tm; vGwv f yfpmG aexdik cf iG &hf apcJo h nf/ wuúov kd Ef iS ahf umvdyaf ygif;pHk ajy;ckeu f pm;yGBJ uD;udk yxrqH;k tBudrf &efuek w f uúov kd üf usif;yonf/ tm½S tmz&du ausmif;om;nDvmcHudk tif'dkeD;½Sm;jynf befa'gif;NrKdUü usif;y&m jrefrmEdkifiHrS udk,fpm;vS,f (4) OD; wufa&mufonf/ OD;wifxGef;onf yrnwtzGJUodkY 0ifa&mufí yrnwXmecsKyf pnf;½Hk;a&;Xme twGif;a&;rSL;? jynfolYvli,f tzGJUcsKyf (ArmEdkifiH) 'k-Ouú|tjzpf aqmif½Gufvsuf½Sdonf/ Armjynftvkyform;ygwD\ t&HA[dkaumfrwD wOD;vnf; jzpfonf/

504

Nidrf;csrf;a&; 'Drdkua&pDa&;BudK;yrf;rI - 1955 rS 1956 - 'Drdkua&pDa&; vltcGifUta&; Nidrf;csrf;a&; trsKd;om;a&;toGif

Source: Oway Magazines

1955 ckEpS ?f Zefe0g&v D (7) &ufrS (9) &ufaehtxd usi;f ycJaU om &efuek w f uúov kd af usmif;om;or*¾\ (25) ESpaf jrmuf a½T&wkobif ydpk wm

Source: Oway Magazines

Source: KAT's Original Cppy

atmufwb kd mausmif;wvydwaf &; twGuf 0&rf;xkwcf &H aom udv k 0S if;

atmufwb kd mausmif;wvydwaf &; twGuf 0&rf;xkwcf &H aom udb k aumif;

505

jrefrmEdkifiHausmif;om;vIyf&Sm;rIordkif; - atmifxGef;

tcef; (19) Nird ;f csr;f a&; 'Dru kd a&pDa&;BuKd ;yrf;rI 'Dru kd a&pDa&; ausmif;om;xktcGifhta&; Nidrf;csrf;a&;ESifY trsK;d om;a&;toGif ausmif;om;vIy&f mS ;rIordik ;f (1956 rS 1957)

(u) wwd,tBurd af jrmuf wuúov kd Ef iS ahf umvdyaf ygi;f pHak qG;aEG;yGJ wwd,tBudrf wuúodkvfESifhaumvdyfaygif;pHkaqG;aEG;yGJudk rEÅav;wuúodkvf? abm*aA'cef;raqmifwGif 1957 ckEpS ?f Zefe0g&D (19) &ufaeYrS (21) &ufaeYtxdusi;f ycJo h nf/ &efuek w f uúov kd af usmif;om;rsm;or*¾ (wuo)? rEÅav;wuúov kd af usmif;om;rsm;or*¾ (rwuo)? armfvNrKdiOf ypmaumvdyaf usmif;om;rsm;or*¾ (rwuo)? &efuek f aq;odyÜHor*¾? rEÅav;aq;odyÜHor*¾? pdkufysKd;a&;r[mXmeor*¾? xD;wef;aumvdyf? &efuif;aumvdyfwdkYrS udk,fpm; vS,rf sm;? &efuek w f uúov kd f ausmif;om;nDñw G af &;wyfO;D ? &JacgiftzGUJ ? rEÅav;wuúov kd f 'Dtufpt f pkd onhf toif;t zGJUaygif; (43) zGJUrS udk,fpm;vS,f (82) OD;ESifh avhvmolaygif; (48) OD; wufa&mufonf/ ,if;aqG;aEG;yGJrS ausmif; om;jyóem tMurf;rzufbJ at;csrf;pGmawGUqHak jz½Si;f Edik &f ef Edik if aH wmftpd;k &odYk yefMum;vTmwapmifEiS hf 'kw, d tBudrf ajrmuf wuúodkvfESifhaumvdyfaygif;pHkaqG;aEG;yGJrS xkwfjyefaom Nidrf;csrf;a&;yefMum;vTmudk xrfrHtwnfjyKonf/

(c) 1956-57 &efuek w f uúov kd af usmif;om;rsm;or*¾trIaqmiftzGUJ 1/ podef;[ef 2/ udkausmfjrifh 3/ rjrjr 4/ udkpdk;odef; 5/ udktuf'DxGef; 6/ udkpGefwdwf 7/ udkcspfodef;OD; 8/ udkvSaz 506

Ouú| 'k-Ouú| aiGxdef; taxGaxGtwGif;a&;rSL; wGJbuftaxGaxGtwGif;a&;rSL;ESifh owif;ESifhjyefMum;a&;rSL; ausmif;om;oufomacsmifcsda&;XmerSL; upm;ckefpm;ESifh ,Ofaus;rIXmerSL; (aemif pma&;q&mpDwDtdk) EdkifiHjcm;qufoG,fa&;XmerSL; (aemif OD;wifhaZmf)

Nidrf;csrf;a&; 'Drdkua&pDa&;BudK;yrf;rI - 1956 rS 1957 - 'Drdkua&pDa&; ausmif;om;xktcGifUta&; Nidrf;csrf;a&; trsKd;om;a&;toGif 9/ apmodk;rm; 10/ udkatmifoef; 11/ udk0if;wif

vlxkqufoG,fa&;XmerSL; tdk;a0wm0efcH yd#uwfwdkufrSL;

(*) rNy;D jywfao;aom oH;k cgusausmif;xkwpf epfwu kd yf JG (3) cgusausmif;xkwpf epf zsuford ;f ay;&ef wuotrIaqmifwYkd u tbufbufu enf;rsKd;pHjk zifh awmif;qdk wdu k yf 0JG ifco hJ nf/ (3) cgusausmif;xkwpf epf zsuo f rd ;f a&;udk tzGUJ tpnf;toD;oD;uvnf; awmif;qdck o hJ nf/ wuorS OD;aqmifí ausmif;om;nDñw G af &;wyfO;D ESihf ausmif;om;&JacgiftzGYJ tpnf;rsm; pnf;vH;k pGm tpmiwfcq H E´jycJMh uonf/ odYk &mwGif wuúov kd t f mPmydik w f Ykd u tavQmhray;bJ (3) cgusausmif;xkwpf epfukd qufvufusifo h ;kH cJo h nf/ wuo enf;AsL[monf ¤if;udpEö iS hf ywfoufí tmPmydik rf sm;ESihf rsufEmS pHn k pD mG awGUqHí k Nidr;f csrf;pGmaqG;aEG;ajz½Si;f a&;yifjzpf onf/ ¤if;udpu ö kd wuúov kd ef ,fajrtwGi;f omru ygvDrefvw T af wmftpnf;ta0;yGBJ uD;rsm;wGif 0efBuD;rsm;ESihf twdu k f tcHrsm; tajctwifajymqdí k rJcq JG ;kH jzwf&onftxd jzpfvmonf/ 1955 ck? pufwifbmv (22) &ufaeY ygvDrefvw T f awmf tpnf;ta0;wGif ynma&;0efBuD;OD;xGe;f wifu ynma&;toH;k p&dwf awmif;qd&k mü twdu k t f cHtrwf OD;wifa½Tu ]ausmif;om;avmuwGif wapäBuD;waumifonf ausmif;om;rsm;tm; ajcmufvSefhaeygonf} [k ed'gef;ysKd;NyD; (3) cg usausmif;xkwpf epfukd uefYuu G af qG;aEG;&mü twdu k t f cHtrwfrsm;jzpfaom Adv k pf ed x f eG ;f ? OD;vSxeG ;f jzLESihf Adv k af tmifp;kd wdkYu OD;wifa½Tudk axmufcHaqG;aEG;Muonf/ ausmif;om;rsm;u (3) cguspepfjzifh ausmif;om;OD;a& enf;atmif ynma&;toHk;p&dwf avQmhcsjcif;jzifh vkyfaejcif;udk &yfqdkif;NyD; (3) cgusausmif;xkwfpepf y,fNyD;? jynfwGif;ppfudk aphpyfaqG;aEG;yGJjzifh &yfpJNyD; umuG,fa&;toHk;p&dwf avQmhayghum pD;yGm;a&;? ynma&; tusyftwnf; vGwfajrmufrI ½SmazG&ef jzpfonf/ wuo\ (3) cgus pepfESifh jynfwGif;ppf qufEG,fí oabmxm;yHkrSm zqyvtpdk;&tay: twdkuftcHaygif;pHk\ ½IjrifyHkESifh wxyfwnf; jzpfonf/ odkYaomfvnf; 1953 ckESpf? pufbmv (23) &ufaeY qD;edwftpnf;ta0;yGJBuD;wGif (3) cgusausmif;xkwf pepfusifhoHk;&ef xyfrHwifoGif; qHk;jzwfcJhonf/ 1951 ckESpf? pufwifbmv (19) &ufaeY qD;edwfu qHk;jzwfcJhaom qHk;jzwfcsuf jzpfonf/ ,if; 1951 ckESpfu 'k-t"dywd OD;at;armifOD;pD;NyD; aumifpDrS twnfjyKjyXmef;ay;cJhonf/ ,if;qHk;jzwfcsufrsm;udk 1953 ckESpf? atmufwdkbmv (10) &ufaeYu usif;yaom aumifpDtpnf;ta0;rS twnfjyK ay;cJhojzifh 1954 ckESpf? ZGefv (15) &ufaeYwGifwBudrf? Edk0ifbmv (11) &ufaeYwGifwBudrf? (2) Budrfwdkifwdkif (3) cgusausmif;xkwpf epfukd twnfjyKcJah Mumif; &efuek w f uúov kd f ygarmu©csKyf a'gufwmxifatmifu vufrw S af &;xd;k í xkwfjyefaMunmcJhonf/ wuúov kd Ef iS aUf umvdyaf usmif;aygi;f pHk aqG;aEG;yJcG ef;raqmifa½Sw Y iG f ud, k pf m;vS,rf sm; pk½;kH aepOf (rEåav;) Source: Aung Tun's Original Copy

507

jrefrmEdkifiHausmif;om;vIyf&Sm;rIordkif; - atmifxGef;

(C)

ausmif;om;or*¾rsm;zsuo f rd ;f &efEiS hf ywfoufaom ynma&;0efBu;D Xme\trdejhf yefwrf;

1/ EdkifiHawmf\ausmif;trsKd;rsKd;wGif uGefjrLepfaomif;usef;olrsm;ESifh qufoG,folrsm;\ ya,m*aMumifh rMumrDu ausmif;pnf;urf;rsm;udk tBuD;tus,f csKd;azmufzsufqD;rIrsm; ay:aygufcJhayonf/ 2/ ,if;uJhodkY ausmif;pnf;urf; zsufqD;csKd;azguf&mü q&m^rrsm;tm; Ncdrf;ajcmufrI? &mZ0wftjypf'Pf xdu k o f ifo h nfh tEdik t f xufjyKusifrh ?I ausmif;ol^om;rsm;tm; ausmif;pnf;urf;csKd;zsufap&ef ausmif;wGi;f ausmif; jyif t"r®enf;jzifh tEdkiftxuf Ncdrf;ajcmufapcdkif;rI/ ausmif;rsm;wGif pmoifysufuGufatmif enf;trsKd;rsKd;jzifh taESmifht,Sufay;rI tp½Sdaom tvGefrESpfNrKdUzG,fjzpfonfh tMurf;zufrIrsm;ukd ausmif;om;oli,ftcsKdUu jyKrl aqmif½GufcJhonf/ 3/ txufyg w&m;rJrh rI sm;ukd rnfonfeh nf;ESirhf qkd wm;qD;ydwyf if&ef Ekid if aH wmftpk;d &u qk;H jzwfNyD;jzpfojzifh EkdifiHawmfausmif;rsm;wGif ausmif;q&mBuD;rsm;u OD;pD;ízGJUpnf;xm;aom ausmif;aumifpDrsm;ESifh ausmif;om;tzGJU rsm;rSty pifNydKiftzGUJ tpnf;rsKd; oabmoufa&mufonf?h okYd wnf;r[kwf ausmif;pnf;urf;ukd xdcu dk cf sKd;azmufap Ekid o f nf[k ,lqEkid o f nh?f okYd wnf;r[kwf ausmif;om;vli,frsm; tcsi;f csi;f y#dyu©jzpfapEkid o f nf[k ,lqEkid o f nfh rnfonfU ausmif;om;or*¾ toif;tzGrYJ sK;d ukrd Q Ekid if aH wmfausmif;rsm;wGif zGpYJ nf;cGirUf jyK&/ tb,folrqkd trdefYxkwf jyefonfhtcsdefü ausmif;rsm;wGif ausmif;q&mBuD;OD;pD;í zGJUpnf;aomausmif;aumifpDrSwyg; ausmif;om;or*¾ toif;tzGJU tp½SdonfhtzGJUrsKd;rsm;ukd EkdifiHawmfausmif;rsm;wGif zGJUpnf;NyD;½SdaecJhvQif ,cktrdefY&onfh aeYrSpí &ufaygif; (30) twGif; ausmif;om;or*¾? toif;tzGJU tp½Sdonfrsm;ukd ausmif;q&mBuD;u trdefYxkwfqifh zsufodrf;ap&rnf/ 4/ trdefYESihftnD EkdifiHawmfausmif;q&mBuD;rsm;u aqmif½Gufonfukd aESmifh,Suf? okdYwnf;r[kwf zsufqD;? okYd wnf;r[kwf remcH? okYd wnf;r[kwf ausmif;pnf;urf;ukd zsufq;D aeol ausmif;om;rsm;ukd q&mBuD;u tjypfudk vku d í f ausmif;rS &moufyefxw k yf ,fonftxd ta&;,l tjypfay;Ekid o f nf/ þuJo h Ydk ta&;,ljcif;rsK;d ukd tu,fí ckcHawmfvSefaomtm;jzifh ausmif;om;rsm;uaomfvnf;aumif;? tjcm;olrsm;uaomfvnf;aumif; wpkHw&m jyKrl cJhvQif xkdtjyKtrlaMumifh ausmif;ukdqufvufzGifhvSpfí Nidrf;csrf;pGmynmoifMum;&ef roifh[k ausmif;q&mBuD; u ,lqcJah omf ausmif;uk&d uftuefYtowfjzifh jzpfap? &uftuefYtowfr½Sb d J jzpfap ydwx f m;Ekid o f nf/ ynma&; Xmet&m½Srd sm;onf xku d pd u ö dk atmifjrifpmG aqmif½u G Ef idk af &;twGuf ausmif;q&mBuD;rsm;tm; vkt d yfonfh tultnD rsm; ay;Mu&rnf/ 5/ txufygtrdeYf t& ta&;,laqmif½u G rf rI sm;ukd rnforl qkd qlyal omif;use;f onfh enf;jzif?h okYd wnf;r[kwf t"r®enf;jzifh aESmuf, h u S zf sufq;D cJv h Qif ausmif;q&mBuD;onf e,ftyk cf sKyfa&;t&m½Srd sm; (okYd r[kw)f &Jt&m½Srd sm; okdY taMumif;Mum;í tultnDukd&,lvsuf tajctaeukd Ekdifeif;pGmxdef;odrf;&rnf/

(i) 1956 atmufwb dk mv (16) &ufaeY n (8) em&D ArmhtoHrS 'k-0efBu;D csKyo f cifwif\ ausmif;om;ta&;ESiyhf wfoufaomrdechf eG ;f ausmif;om;oli,frsm;&JU ta&;eJYywfoufNyD; jynfov l x l t k m; tpk;d &uk, d pf m; uRefawmf tpD&ifcv H ydk gw,f/ 1948 vGwfvyfa&;&NyD;onfaemuf jynfaxmifpkjrefrmEdkifiH&JU *kPfodu©meJY tqifhtwef; jrifhrm;rItwGuf tpdk;&[m jynfolvlxkw&yfvHk;tm; b0opfzefwD;a&;twGuf vkyfief;trsKd;rsKd;udk aqmif½GufcJhygw,f/ ¤if;vkyfief; rsm;teuf jynfaxmifpk&JU tñGefYtzl;rsm;jzpfwJh ausmif;om;oli,frsm;udk vlawmfvlaumif;rsm; jzpfvma&;twGuf tpdk;&u txl;ta&;ay;NyD; aqmif½GufaewmvdkY uRefawmfxGifNyD; tpD&ifcH&ef vdkr,frxifygbl;/ tpd;k &u ausmif;om;oli,frsm;udk aemifwacwfrmS jynfaxmifpjk refrmEdik if &H UJ wm0efukd xrf;aqmifEikd Mf urJh om;aumif;&wem jzpfay:vma&;twGuf b0opfzefwD;rIynma&;pDrHudef;udk a&;qGJNyD; 1952 ckrS pwifí aqmif½Guf aewmudkvnf; jynfolvlxku rsufjrifudk,fawGU jzpfygw,f/ b0opfzefwD;rIynma&;pDrHudef;t& tpdk;&u ½kyfvHk;azmfaewJUvkyfief;rsm;uawmU1/ jynfaxmifpkom;rSeforQ ta&;? tzwf? twGuf em;vnfolrsm; jzpfvmap&ef? 2/ pufrv I ufrv I yk if ef;rsm; uRrf;usifpmG aqmif½u G af y;Edik rf ,fh jynfaxmifpo k m;rsm; tvHt k avmuf ay:xGuf 508

Nidrf;csrf;a&; 'Drdkua&pDa&;BudK;yrf;rI - 1956 rS 1957 - 'Drdkua&pDa&; ausmif;om;xktcGifUta&; Nidrf;csrf;a&; trsKd;om;a&;toGif vmap&ef? 3/ jynfaxmifpk&JU wm0eftoD;oD;udk uRrf;usifvHkavmufpGm xrf;aqmifEdkifr,fh t&nftcsif;jynfh0olrsm; jzpfvmap&ef? 4/ jynfaxmifpktwGif; Avig;wefeJY jynfpHkr,fh jynfaxmifpkom;rsm; aygrsm;vmap&ef? 5/ jynfaxmifpktwGif; 'Drdkua&pD0g' wnfwHhcdkifjrJ&efwdkY jzpfygw,f/ aemufwcsufuawmh jynfaxmifpkom;rSeforQ ynmoifMum;a&;rSm tcGifhta&;wef;wl½Sdap&ef twGuf rlvwef;rSwuúodkvftxd tcrJhynmoifMum;ay;wJhpepfudk tpdk;&u wDxGifcJhygw,f/ vGwfvyfa&; &½SdNyD;csdefrSpNyD; ,cktcsdefxd (8) ESpfcefYtwGif; rlvwef;ausmif;aygif; (10226)? tv,fwef;ausmif;aygif; (415)? txufwef; ausmif;aygif; (220)? q&mtwwfoifausmif; (6) ausmif;? pufrIvufrIodyÜHausmif; (3) ausmif;? pdkufysKd;a&;odyÜH ausmif; (1) ausmif;? pdkufysKd;a&; txufwef;ausmif; (1) ausmif;? wuúodkvfausmif; (1) ausmif;? tjcm;aumvdyf ausmif; (8) ausmif;wdYk ukd zGiv hf pS f oifMum;ydYk cs aeygw,f/ ,ckuRefawmf tusOf;rQtpD&ifccH w hJ hJ aqmif½u G cf sufrsm;udk axmuf½jI cif;tm;jzifh ynma&;bufrmS tpd;k &uxm;½Sw d hJ apwem[m b,favmufBuD;rm;w,f qdw k m ay:vGix f if½mS ; aeygw,f/ aemufwcsuf rlvwef;upNyD; txufwef;ausmif;awGrSm ynm&nfEdkYaomufpdkYaeMuwJh ausmif;om;oli,f rsm;rSm touft½G,t f m;jzifh i,f½, G Ef ek ,forl sm;jzpfwt hJ wGuf aemifwacwfrmS vlawmfval umif;rsm; jzpfvmap½Hrk u EdkifiHawmfzGJUpnf;yHk tajccHOya't& 'Drdkua&pDpepfjzifh jynfaxmifpkBuD;udk uRrf;usifpGm tkyfcsKyfxdef;odrf;Edkifolrsm; jzpfvmapa&;twGuf txufwef;ausmif;rsm;ESifh tv,fwef;ausmif;rsm;rSm q&meJYwynfh yl;aygif;aqmif½GufwJh ausmif;aumifprD sm; zGUJ pnf;aewJt h jyif ausmif;om;vli,frsm;&JU touft½G,?f ynmt&nftcsif;? A[kow k tqift h wef;tvdkuf pmawGUvufawGU jyKpkarG;jrL avhusifhoifMum; ydkYcsrIrsm;udkvnf; aqmif½Gufaeygw,f/ tpdk;&[m ausmif;om;oli,frsm;twGuf 'DrQavmuf arQmfvifhjcif;BuD;rm;pGm *½kpdkufNyD; aqmif½Gufaewmudk uGefjrLepfaomif;usef;olrsm;eJY ¤if;wdkY&JU tay;t,ltquftoG,f jyKvkyfaeMuwJh EdkifiHawmfopömazguftcsKdUwdkYu ]wjynfv;kH aocsiaf oygap uGejf rLepfawGrmvQiNf y;D a&m} qdkwJh ¤if;wdkY&JU0g'vkyfief;pOftwdkif; ,ckwavmrSm EdkifiHawmf ausmif;tcsKdU½Sd ausmif;om;oli,ftcsKdUudk jzm;a,mif;aoG;aqmif ajr§mufyifah y;jcif;tm;jzifh ausmif;pnf;urf;udt k BuD; tus,f qlylcsKd;azmufzsufqD;apw,f/ aemufqHk;rSm pmoifMum;a&;avmuwckvHk; NydKysufapNyD; EdkifiHawmf&JU Nidrf0yf ydjym;a&;udkyg Ncdrf;ajcmuf&ef BudK;yrf;rIrsm;[m xif½Sm;pGm ay:xGufvmcJhygw,f/ jynfaxmifpk ynma&;avmu&JUtajctaerSm ,ckuReaf wmfwYkd ajymqdak ecJw h t hJ wdik ;f qd;k 0g;pjyKvmwJt h wGuf jrifhjrwfwJhvkyfief;rsm;udk wm0ef,lNyD;aqmif½GufaeMuwJh q&m^q&mrrsm;tm; vnf;aumif;? ynmudkat;csrf;pGm qnf;yl;vdkMuwJh ausmif;om;vli,frsm;tm; vnf;aumif;? rdrdwdkY&JUom;i,forD;i,frsm;udk ynmwwfapvdkwJh rdb tkyfxdef;olrsm;tm; vnf;aumif;? w&m;Oya'twGif;rSm vGwfvyfpGm ynmoifMum;cGifh½SdwJh jynfolvlxktm; vnf; aumif;? tpdk;&u tpGrf;ukefumuG,frIay;&ef oHEéd|mefcsxm;NyD; jzpfygw,f/ 'gaMumifh Edik if aH wmfausmif;rSm pnf;urf;ao0yfpmG eJY at;csr;f pGm ynmoifMum;jcif;udk aESmif, h u S f (odYk r[kw)f taESmifht,SufjzpfaprJh tjyKtrI[lorQudk xda&mufpGmta&;,lNyD; tjypfay;ap&ef? ausmif;q&mBuD;rsm;eJY ynma&; Xme t&m½Srd sm;&JU ta&;,laqmif½u G rf rI sm;udk tMurf;zufenf;eJY? odYk wnf;r[kwf t"r®enf;eJY aESmuf,u S zf sufq;D cJ&h if tkyfcsKyfa&;t&m½Sdrsm;eJY &Jt&m½Sdrsm;&JU tultnDudk&,lNyD; aqmif½Gufap&efudkvnf; tpdk;&u ñGefMum;csufrsm;ay;NyD; tpDpOfrsm; jyKvkyfaeaMumif;udkvnf; jynfolvlxktm; uRefawmfxyfavmif;NyD; tpD&ifcHvdkygw,f/ ,ckupd u ö kd uReaf wmfwYkdjywfom;pGm wm;qD;jcif;rjyKEdik v f Qif jynfaxmifpBk uD;wckv;kH rSm pnf;rJu h rf;rJ?h Oya'rJh jyKvkyfjcif;rsm; vTrf;rdk;vmNyD; EdkifiHawmfBuD;wckvHk; NydKuGJysufpD;oGm;apEdkifygw,f/ tpdk;&Oya't& tMurf;enf;udk toHk;jyKwJh tajctaetxd qdk;0g;vmjcif;rsKd;udk vHk;0vdkvm;jcif;r½Sdayr,fh tajctaeudk Edkifeif;pGmxdef;odrf;Edkifa&; twGuf vdt k yfwahJ qmif½u G rf rI sm;udk jyKvky&f ygvdrrhf ,f/ wu,fvYkd tpd;k &u rvTrJ a½Smifwt hJ wGuf wm0efux kd rf;½Gucf &hJ &if uGefjrLepfaomif;usefolrsm;eJY ¤if;wdkY&JU ajray:'vefrsm;[m ausmif;om;rsm;tm; tpdk;&u &ufpufMurf;MuKwfpGm jyKrlaeNyD;vdkY [pfatmfa
jrefrmEdkifiHausmif;om;vIyf&Sm;rIordkif; - atmifxGef; xm;&ef jzpfygw,f/ 'gaMumifh aomif;usefou l eG jf rLepfrsm;eJY ¤if;wdYk &UJ taygif;tygrsm;jzpfwhJ Edik if aH wmfopömazmufwYkd &UJ ,kwrf m qd;k oGr;f wJh tMuHtpnfuakd csrIe;f zsufq;D NyD; jynfaxmifp&k UJ om;aumif;orD;aumif;rsm;jzpfMuwJh ausmif;om;oli,frsm; at;csrf;pGmynmoifMum;Edkifa&;twGuf tpdk;&tm; ausmif;om;? rdb? tkyfxdef;olrsm;u vnf;aumif;? EdkifiHawmf\ pwkwr¬ @dKifBuD;jzpfaom owif;pmq&mrsm;tm;vnf;aumif;? jynfaxmifpBk uD;udk opöm½SMd uukeaf om jynfaxmifpo k m; rsm;tm;vnf;aumif;? tbufbufrS yl;aygif;aqmif½GufMu&ef arwåm&yfcH yefMum;vdkufygw,f/

(c)

ausmif;om;rsm;0efc*H wdvmT yHpk H

atmufü vufrSwfa&;xdk;xm;ol uRefawmf - - - - - - - - - - - - - onf twdtvif;uwday;0efcHonfrSm1/ uRefawmfonf wuúodkvf\ enf;Oya'ESifh pnf;rsOf;Oya'udk ½dkaoygr,f/ ¤if;tjyif wuúodkvfausmif; aqmifü aecJhvQif wuúodkvfausmif;aqmif\ enf;Oya'ESifh pnf;rsOf;Oya'udk vdkufemygrnf/ 2/ uRefawmfonf wuúodkvfESifh zDvmqefYusifaom rnfonfhvkyfief;&yfrsKd;wGifrS yg0ifjcif;rjyKyg/ 3/ uRefawmfonf txufyguwd0efcHcsuf w&yf&yfwdkYudkazmufzsufusL;vGefvQif wuúodkvfrSxkwfy,fjcif; cH&rnfudk odygonf/ 1/ ausmif;om;\xdk;jrJvufrSwf --------2/ ausmif;om;\trnf -----------------------------3/ udk,fydkifeHygwfESifh oifwef; ----^----4/ ausmif;aqmiftrnfESifh tcef;trSwf ----------------------5/ rdb (odkYr[kwf) tkyfxdef;ol\trnf -----------------------xyfqifUvufrSwfa&;xdk;&ef 1/ rdb (odkYr[kwf) tkyfxdef;olxdk;jrJvufrSwf --------2/ rdb (odkYr[kwf) tkyfxdef;ol\ trnf ----------------------3/ vdyfpm ------------------------------------------4/ &ufpGJ ---------

(q) Adv k cf sKyaf tmifqef;\ ausmif;om;b0a&;cJah omaqmif;yg;

ausmif;om;0wÅ&m; t*Fvdyfpma&;q&mBuD; ½SdwfpyD;,m;u urÇmhtvHk;pHkonf ZmwfcHkrQomwnf;[k rdefY>rufbl;\/ xdkurÇmhZmwfcHkwGif vltrsKd;rsKd;? t½G,ftrsKd;rsKd;? twef;tpm;trsKd;rsKd;wdkYonf udk,fhtcPf;udkudk,fudkifí ZmwfEdkifatmif cif;oGm;&avonf/ odkYjzpf&m vlwdkif;vlwdkif;rSm odMum;wwfaom tcsdeft½G,frSpí aoonfxdatmif rdrd\ tvkyf0wå&m;tjzpf½Sd\/ xdk 0wå&m;udk aMu>yefrSomvQif avmuü vljzpfusKd;eyfayrnf/ urÇm\aemifacwf tarGcHjzpfMuaom uRefawmfwdkYausmif; om;wdkYrSmvnf; txl;ojzifh touf (16) ESpf (17) ESpfrSpí txufodkY½Sdaom ausmif;om;rsm;rSmvnf;? tqdkyg0wå&m; Oya'rS ruif;vGwfMuacs/ ,if;odkYjzpfvQif-ausmif;om;\0wå&m;onf tb,fenf;/ tjrifus,fus,f? Munfhavh½SdaomolwdkYonf ausmif;om;qdkonfrSm wef;pmusufí pmar;yGJatmif½HkrQ[laom trsm; t,ltq\wdrfjcif;tjzpfudk od½SdMuavNyD/ xdkt,ltqum; acwfatmufusonfh t,lrQom jzpfayonf/ ynma&;udkuRrf;usifaom urÇmhynm½SdwdkYonf avmua&;? "r®a&;jyóemt&yf&yfwdkYudk pdppfa0befajz½Sif;wwfaom ynmrS pmtkyfpmayudktHí&aom trSwfonmESpf&yfudk cGJjcm;íxm;avonf/ pmar;yGJudkatmifjrifolonf avmu ppfyGJwGifvnf; atmifjrifEdkifonfh t&nftcsif;½Sdonf[k rkcsqwfqwf rqdkomacs/ þodkYvQif pmar;yGJtaMumif;oepfudk azmfxkwfMu\/ An Examination of Examination pmar;yGJrsm;\ tusKd;tjypf ppfaq;csufqdkaom pmtkyfwGif þtcsufudk ½Sif;vif;jyo xm;ay\/ pmar;yGJwck\ tajzpm½Gufrsm;udk pmppfoltrsKd;rsKd;tm;-ppfaq;p&m tajzwck wnf;udkyif trSwfay;yHkjcif; rwlnDonfudk awGY&ayonf/ wbef-pmppfolwOD;wnf; ¤if;wESpfcefYu zsufcJhaomtajzudk aemufxyf ppfaq;onfhtcg yxrtrSwfay;yHkESifh aemufwcgtrSwfay;yHkjcif;rSm uGmjcm;onfudk awGU&ayonf/ urÇm ausmf-jyZmwfa&;q&m bm;emwfa½Smuvnf; w&Ha&mtcgu twef;xJwGif xdyfusaom ausmif;om;onf avmuwGif atmufqkH;xpf a&mufwwfonf[k rdefYqdkcJhbl;onf/ þwGif urÇmausmfpma&;q&m\ ta&;tom;udk ¤if;a&;om;ojzifh ,HkMunf&rnf[k rqdkvdk? odkY&mwGif ¤if;um; rSwfcsuf- jr[ef - AdkvfcsKyfatmifqef;\pmayvuf&m - pm- 83-88 (y^98) ESifh wdkufqdkifppfaq;í rl&if;pm;omtwdkif; azmfjyonf/

510

Nidrf;csrf;a&; 'Drdkua&pDa&;BudK;yrf;rI - 1956 rS 1957 - 'Drdkua&pDa&; ausmif;om;xktcGifUta&; Nidrf;csrf;a&; trsKd;om;a&;toGif taMumif;rJh ra&;om;&m/ ,if;odkYjzpf&jcif;um; uREfkyfwdkYonf urÇmh&mZ0ifwGif om"utaxmuftxm;rsm;udk Munfhrnf qdkvQif urÇmhxdyfwef; usa&mufaom yk*¾dKvfwdkYonf pmar;yGJrsm;wGif xdyfwef;usolcsnf; r[kwfay/ Oyrm tenf;i,f xkwfjy&aomf ,ckacwf urÇmYxdyfwef;orm;rsm;wGif? [pfwvmESifh rwfqdkvdkeDwdkYonf ausmif;rSyif aumif;pGmraecJhMu &ay/ r[wår*E´Donfvnf; aumvdyfausmif;wGif a&mufzl;½kHkrQom½Sdí? ausmif;om;tjzpf aepOftcgu xl;xl;cRefcRef r½Sday/ yef'pf*s0g[vmae½l;onfvnf;? t*Fvefjynf½Sd emrnfausmfausmif;ESifh wuúodkvfwdkYrS atmifjrifcJhvifhupm; ausmif;om;tjzpfjzifh rsm;pGmrxl;cRefvS/ bD-at*kPfxl;wef;wGif 'kwdwef;rQom&avonf/ odkY&mwGifxdktcgu ¤if; txuf-yxr &cJhaomolwOD;rSm? &efukefwGif ygarmu©wOD;tjzpf ¤if;uJhodkY ausmfMum;jcif; r½Sday/ t*Fvdyfpma&;q&m BuD;rsm;jzpfaom *dk;vfprpf? qm0gvwmpaumh-paom yk*¾dKvfwdkYrSmvnf; ausmif;aepOfu xl;cRefjcif;r½Sd? qm0gv wmpaumhrSmrl? vlYiEGm;[kyif-q&m\tac:cH&avonf/ þum;? O'g[½kPfudk tusOf;rQ o½kyfay:atmifjyKvdkufjcif; aywnf;/ þodkYjzpf&jcif;\ taMumif;udkppfvQif? vlwOD;wa,muf\ wefzdk;udk rnfrQ½Sdonf[k csdefq&ef wxpfcsowf rSwfxm;aomenf; r½SdaomaMumifh jzpfayonf/ pifppfaomfum; ausmif;wGifwcgrQraezl;í pmwpfvHk;rQ roifbl;olyif ynm½SdjzpfEdkif\/ þum; jzpfEdkifonfh taMumif;udk tvGefqdkjcif; jzpfayonf/ ,ckurÇmay:rSm½Sdonfh pmtkyftm;vHk;onf t&if;ppfvQif avmu\taMumif;udk trsKd;rsKd;rSwfom;csufrsm;om jzpfayonf/ xdkrSwfom;csufrsm;udk a&;olrsm;\ tmabmf? ¤if;wdkYa&;&ma'o? a&;onfh tcsdefumv ponfwdkYudkMunfhí? a0befNyD;vQif? avmutvkyf0wå&m;wGif oHk;pGJwwfrSom pmwwftrSefjzpfayonf/ tu,fí pmrwwfolonf? avmutrSwftom; aumif;rGefí ae&mcswwfvQif pmwwfae&efrvdkacs/ xdkaMumifhyifrwfqdkvdkeDu ¤if;tw¬KyÜwdåwGif uREfkyfbwfcJUaom tBuD;qHk;aompmtkyfum;? uREfkyfaecJU aeqJaom avmuBuD;yifwnf;[k a&;xm;\/ xdkuJhodkY pmtkyfpmayrS ausmfvGefaomynmudk? tb,fodkY&tHhenf;/ xdkynmppfudk&&ef vGwfvyfpGm awG;awmajymqdk aqG;aEG;vkyfudkifvdkaom pdwf"gwfudk arG;&efvdk\/ þtcsufudk ynma&; uRrf;usifol yk*dK¾ vfrsm;u (Academic Freedom) ynmoifMum;a&; vGwfvyfcGifh[k ac:Muonf/ þtcsufum;? urÇmh&mZ0ifudk-wrsKd;wrnf ajymif;vJGaponfh &DaeqefYESifh &Dazmifar;½Sif;ac: acwfopf0g'? avmu"gwfynm jyefYyGm;&m taMumif;&if;wnf;/ þtcsufum;-uREfkyfwdkY\ a*gwrbk&m;ocif? a[mMum;aom umvmrokwåef oabmt&yifwnf;/ xdkvGwfvyfpGmawG;awmajymqdk aqG;aEG;vkyfudkifvdkaom pdwf½Sd&rnfqdk&mwGif/ uREfkyfwdkYonf rdrdxif&m awG;awm ajymqdk vkyfudkifjcif;r[kwfay/ avmu½Sd vltaygif;wdkYonf a&wGif;xJ½Sdbm;oli,fuJhodkYaeí rjzpfay/ wOD;ESifhwOD; ul;vl;qufqH& avonf/ ,ckacwftcgwGif? þodkY ul;vl; qufqHjcif;rSm? ydkrdkíyif e,fus,fvmavonf/ ,cktwdkif;wdkif; tjynfjynf MuHKawGUae&aom ½Sm;yg;a&;acwfonf xdkOya'udk vGefqefí udk,fhbuf? udk,fhoabmudkom jrifaom? 0g'aMumifhjzpfaom urÇmhppfBuD;\yJhwifoH jzpfayonf/ xdkodkYjzpf&m vlwdkif;vlwdkif; wOD;ESifhwOD; taygif; toif;or*¾½SdrSom trsKd;rsKd;aom t,ltq trSwftom;wdkYudk awGUjrifod½Sd&í? ydkrdktjrifus,fvmEdkifavonf/ odkYtjrifus,frS wOD;udkwOD; emcHwwfjcif;-apmifrulnDwwfjcif;? tajymtqdk taetxdkif jyKjyifvmjcif;? pojzifhavmuvlvkyfwwfonfh t&nftcsif;rsm; &Edkifavonf/ xdkaMumifh? xdkodkYul;vl;qufqH tjrifoefatmif? ausmif;rsm;? wuúodkvfrsm;wGif? ausmif;tdyfausmif;pm;xm;jcif;? toif;tyif;rsm; axmifjcif; ponfwdkY jyKMu&avonf/ odkY&mwGif taygif;toif;or*¾twGuf jyKvkyf&mwGif vGwfvyfpGm rajym& rqdk& raqG;aEG;&vQif? rsufpdydwfxm;onfESifh wljyefonf/ odkYjzpf&m (2) buf (2) csufpHkrSom ynma&;tppfrnf avonf/ wbef ,aeY jzpfaom ausmif;om;rsm;onf eufjzefjynfBuD;om;rsm; jzpfMu\[k? qdk½dk;pum; ½Sd\/ odkYjzpf&m? jynfBuD;om;wdkY\ t*Fgvu©PmwdkYESifhnDatmif tkyfcsKyfenf;? rdrdtcGifhta&;twGuf wdkufcdkufenf;? pum;ajymenf;? pnf;urf;ao0yfenf;? udk,fvuf usef;rma&; ponfjzifh enf;rsKd;pHkatmif toiff;tyifrsm;? &Jwyfrsm;? upm;enf;rsm; udk xGifMu&\/ xdkrQru? ,cktcg wEdkifiHESifh wEdkifiHrSm cGJpyfí rjzpfEdkif/ w½kwfjynf? pydefjynf? ygvufpwdkif;jynfwGif tjzpftysufrsm;onf? þwdkif;jynfudk vnf;aumif;? urÇmh,Ofaus;jcif;udk vnf;aumif;? vlowå0gwdkYtm; vnf;aumif; rnfodkYrnfyHk xdcdkufrnf[k odEdkifatmif urÇmhtajctaeudkvnf;? rdrd&&od&efvdk\/ þonfwdkYum; tMurf;rQ ausmif; om;wdkY jyKvkyf&rnfh 0wå&m;rsm; jzpfMu\/ xdkYaMumifh-urÇm½Sdausmif;om;taygif;wdkYonf vIyfvIyf½G½Gjzpfí? ppfruf wm;jrpfa&;? tvkyfvufrJhyaysmufa&; taMumif;pepfudk ½SmazGaeMu\/ tajctxl;rvSaom pydefjynfESifh w½kwfjynfwdkY wGif ausmif;om;wdkYrSm udk,fxdvufa&muf wdkufcdkufaeMu&\/ xdkaMumifh tcsdefESifh tcgtavsmufvnf;? ausmif;om; \ 0wå&m;vnf; uGJvm\/ þjyqdkcJhNyD;aom ausmif;om;0wÅ&m; tm;vHk;udk odjrifonfESifhtnD aemifacwfArmjynfudk zefwD;rnfh ausmif;om;rsm;onf? ,ckvlrsm;uJhodkY rnDrñGwf? rvkyfwwf? rudkifwwf rjzpf&atmif? uREkfyfwdkYonf,cktcg jrefrmEdik if v H ;kH qdik &f m-ausmif;om;rsm; or*¾toif;Bu;D udk txift½Sm; wnfaxmifxm;\/ xdktoif;udk 0ifa&muf tm;ay;&efrSm ausmif;om;wdkif; wdkif;jynfcspfpdwf½Sdaom olwdkif;wdkY\ wm0ef0wå&m;yifwnf;/

atmifqef; 511

jrefrmEdkifiHausmif;om;vIyf&Sm;rIordkif; - atmifxGef;

(Z) 1956-57 td;k a0r*¾Zif;yg uAsm aoG;pnf;Mupdkh eDarmif;armif;vQif cGyfa'gif;atmifvH? av0,fysHwnfh/ / twdwfZmwfaMumif;? ordkif;a[mif;udk jyefajymif;avhvm? qef;ppfygu nDnmzszs? pnf;vHk;Mu\/ qE´rSefvQif? wdkufyGJqifí eDvGifaomaoG;? ajrrSmajy;vnf; a
tdk;a0tm;yefMum;csuf a'gif;\pGrf;tif? urÁnf;wifonf jynfcGiftESHY? csif;csif;ysHUvsuf qGwftHhbG,fyif? vGwfcswifwnhf/ tdk - rdcifa'gif;ysKd? uRefyefqdktHh? [dk ,cifacgif? twdwfaqmifaomf? rsm;ajrmifom;wGuf? a½SUrSxGufí toufudkpGefY? &efñGefYudkcsKd; ]]ocifrsKkd;}} [k? rn§Kd;arS;rSdef OD;rESdrfwnfh/ / rdcifcGyfí? þ,aeY0,f ½TifajrUp&m? wdkif;jrefrmü aZ,smatmifyGJ? qif,ifETJvnf; EGHxJaoG;yGuf? zdwfpifpuf\ idkrsuf&nfqif? &efyGJusif;Mu jymusrD;avmif? tavmif;aumifESifh om;armifrSDcdk? wuúodkvfvnf; ]]pdrf;pdkjruRef;}} rjzpfxGef;cJh usnfvTrf;,rf;aiGU? wa0ha0hESifh 512

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Nidrf;csrf;a&; 'Drdkua&pDa&;BudK;yrf;rI - 1956 rS 1957 - 'Drdkua&pDa&; ausmif;om;xktcGifUta&; Nidrf;csrf;a&; trsKd;om;a&;toGif

aqG;ajraoG;yGuf? tHxGufcJh& 'dkU'ku©csnf;? rIdif;ysyifv,f *,ufES,fwnfh/ / þor,wGif? uREfkyfjrifonf rdcifa'gif;vS? ajcudk
a'gi;f rdcifohkd yefMum;csuf 1/

2/

3/

4/

zsufap zsufap? wufavNyD;rS or*¾udk? jrpfuNzdKvJS uGJatmifcGJonf rdkufrJolwdkY? MuHpnfwum;/ / yrmqdkaomf? yifysKd&dyfatmuf cdkNyD;aemufrS? udkif;ajcmufudkcsKd; rD;0,fxdk;odkY/ / &yfap &yfap? oufaoNyD;rS? 'dkYb0udk? okneJYa&; tatmifay;onf pmar;yGJvnf;? ryDwum;/ / yrmqdkaomf? ½Tef;pdkvSwihf rD;ES,fyGifhonf? aygufyGifh&J&J eHYrpGJodkY/ / odap odap? zdacsNyD;rS ya,m*[k? ,HkMupwrf; csKyfudkifzrf;onf? Nidrf;csrf;vGwfcGifh rjrifwum;/ / yrmqdkaomf? &efvdkrIvkyf oifr[kwfvQif? oifhrdcif[k pm;csif&J&J? olpGyfpGJodkY/ / om;vSrsuf½Sif? a'gif;rdcif odjrifMum;avmh? aqmifOD;avmhwnfh vnfarmh ajc
jrefrmEdkifiHausmif;om;vIyf&Sm;rIordkif; - atmifxGef; or*¾zsufodrf;a&;udpeö JY ywfoufNyD; tpdk;&\aMunmcsufudk wuúodkvf0ef;usifü Auorsm;tzGJUcsKyfESifh wuowdkY yl;aygif;í BuD;us,fpGm qE´jyyGJrsm; jyKvkyfcJhMuonf/ or*¾zGJY cGifU rydwfeJh? rydwfeJh csKyfcs,frIOya'awG ½kyfodrf;ypf? ½kyfodrf;ypf ausmif;om;or*¾awGudk xdef;odrf;umuG,fMu? xdef;odrf;umuG,fMu þodkY yJhwifoHrsm; jrnf[D;odrfhodrfh wkefcref;aom wcJeufa
(ps) wuotvkyt f pnf;ta0; (Business meeting) ü awGU½S&d aom jyóemrsm; wuopnf;rsOf;t& ESpyf wfvnfyrkH eS t f pnf;ta0; (Business meeting) udk trIaqmifoufwrf; rukerf D usif;y&onf/ xdktpnfta0;rsKd;udk 1950 ck ywf0ef;usifu oefY½Sif;aomausmif;om;tif;tm;pk wuowGifta½G; cHcJh&pOfu a½SmifcJhonf/ wyfOD;tzGJUrsm;onf xdktpnf;ta0;rsKd;udk raMumufay/ wuopnf;rsOf;ESifhtnD usif;y&ef tm½Hx k m;cJo h nf/ wuo trIaqmiftaejzifh rdrw d Ukd \ aqmif½u G cf surf sm;udk or*¾toif;0ifrsm;tm; jyefvnftpD&ifcH wifjyjcif;jzpfonf/ wuo toif;0ifausmif;om;rsm;u wuo pnf;rsOf;ESit hf nD BudKwifyYdk xm;aom ar;cGe;f rsm;ukd pepfwus w&m;0if½iS ;f vif; ajzMum;&onf/ ½Si;f vif;ajzMum;csuftay: pnf;rsOf;ESit hf nD a0zefaqG;aEG;cGijhf yKonf/ vkdtyfaomtqkdrsm;ukd wifjyqkH;jzwfEkdifonf/ trIaqmiftzGJU\ tokH;p&dwfukdvnf; tpkd;&todtrSwfjyK pm&if;ppf ppfaq;awGU½Sdcsuf? rSwfcsufrsm;ESifhtwl twnfjyK&ef wifjy&onf/ wuo toif;0ifaMu;ukd r0ifrae&jzpfí wuúokdvf½kH;u wm0ef,l aumufcHay;onf/ ¤if;0ifaMu;rsm;ukd wuúokdvf½kH;uyif bPfwGif tyfESHxm;ygonf/ wuotrIaqmif\ qk;H jzwfcsut f & ok;H vkad omaiGukd wifjyaomtcg wuúov dk ½f ;Hk u csuv f ufrw S f xkwaf y;ygonf/ ¤if;aiGukd okH;pGJa&;ESifhywfoufí wuúokdvftmPmykdifrsm;u wpkHw&m pGufzufcGifhr½Sdyg/ pGufzufcGifhvnf; rjyKcJhyg/ wuo\ aiGtok;H p&dw½f iS ;f wrf;ukd pnf;rsO;f t& 'k-Ouú|u tvkyt f pnf;ta0;wGif wm0ef,w l ifjyí twnfjyKcsuf &,lygonf/ wuo aiGpm&if;ukd ppfaq;rnfh rSwfykHwifpm&if;ppftzGJUukd trIaqmiftzGJU qkH;jzwfcsuft& cefYtyf&yg onf/ xkdtcsdef 'k-OuúXukdausmfjrifh EkwfxGufoGm;ygonf/ tvkyftpnf;ta0;wGif ¤if;ukd,fpm; ukdpkd;odef;u tpD&ifcHpm wifoGif;cJh&ygonf/ tvkyftpnf;ta0;ukd Mo*kwfv (16) &uf? rGef;vGJ (1) em&D (35) rdepfwGifusif;ycJh onf/ twku d t f cHtaejzifh wyfO;D tzGUJ ukd tjyif;txef a0zefx;dk ESuo f nf/ wuorS ukcd ifarmiftek ;f ESihf udak rmifarmif ñGefYwkdYu tjyeftvSef a0zefaqG;aEG;rIrsm; jyKvkyfygonf/ aiGpm&if;½Sif;wrf; udpöESifhywfoufí wcgw&H wzuf ESifhwzuf r[kwfbl;? [kwfw,f ponfjzifh vufoD;vufarmif;wef;í atmf[pfjiif;ckHMuonf/ ausmif;om;wOD;u owåd½SdvQifxajymyg[k atmf&mrStp tkwftkwfusufusufjzpfvmí "gwfykHowif; axmufrsm;u "gwfykH½dkuf,lonf/ xkdtcgausmif;om;wOD;u t"du½kPf;jzpfvQif "gwfykHygoGm;rnf pkd;onfhtwGuf "gwfyo Hk wif;axmufwOD;ukd atmufoYdkqcJG s&mrStp tcsKUd owif;axmufrsm; rausreyfjzpfum jyefuek Mf u\/ xku d pd u ö dk ae½Sif;owif;pmwkduf\ ykHMuD;csJUvIHYaqmfcsuft& owif;axmuftoif;onf wuoukd (6) voydwfarSmuf&ef 514

Nidrf;csrf;a&; 'Drdkua&pDa&;BudK;yrf;rI - 1956 rS 1957 - 'Drdkua&pDa&; ausmif;om;xktcGifUta&; Nidrf;csrf;a&; trsKd;om;a&;toGif qkH;jzwfcJhonf/ aemufqkH; wuo aiGpm&if;½Sif;wrf;ukd twnfjyKa&;twGuf rJcGJ&m (761) rJ? (540) rJ twnfjzpfonf/ ¤if;tpnf;ta0;u twnfjyKaomtqkdrsm;rSm(1) trsKd;om;ynma&; jyKjyifajymif;vJrI aqG;aEG;yGJBuD;w&yftm; EkdifiHawmftpkd;&rS OD;pD;usif;y&ef? (2) oHk;cguspepf y,fzsufay;&ef? (3) atmufwdkbm ausmif;wvydwf&ef? (4) atmufwdkbm aemufqufwGJpmar;yGJwGif us½IH;olrsm;tm; wcgus rowfrSwfa&;? 0dZÆmwef;pmar;yGJwGif ar;vGe;f vTm (1) ESihf (2) tm; waeYxJ (2) Budrf rppfaq;a&;ESihf t&pfuspepfa[mif;jzifh ajzqdo k rl sm;tm; atmufwdkbm aemufqufwGJpmar;yGJwGif 0ifa&mufajzqdkcGifhjyK&ef? (5) &efukefwuúodkvfwGif owif;pmq&m twwfoifoifwef;ydkYcsay;&ef arwåm&yfcHaMumif;wdkY jzpfonf/ or*¾EiS phf yfvsO;f í udpw ö ckct k wGuf a½G;cs,cf efYtyfxm;aomaumfrwDukd cefYtyf&eftqdu k kd &Jacgifuzkd ek ;f jrifh u wifoGif;&m xdktqdkrSm wuopnf;rsOf;Oya' tcef; (12)? tydk'f (6)? tydk'fi,f (6) t& aiGpm&if;½Sif;wrf;udk uefYuGufpOf ½HI;edrfhoGm;aomtqdkESifh eD;pyfí xdktqdkrsm;udk ,ckrSaemuf (6) vrSmrS wifoGif;cGifh½Sdonfqdkum wuo Ouú|u y,fcsvdkufavonf/ xYdkaemuf wuotpnf;ta0;udk ]wuownfjryJ gap} [k a
&efuek w f uúov kd af usmif;om;rsm;wyfO;D owif;axmufrsm;odhk yefMum;vTm owif;axmufrsm;cifAsm;16? 8? 57 &uf wuo tvkyftpnf;ta0;wGif owif;axmuftcsKdUESifh ausmif;om;wOD; jzpfoGm;aom udpEö Sifhywfoufí &efukefwuúodkvf ausmif;om;rsm;wyfOD;tm; jrefrmjynfowif;axmufrsm;toif;u (6) vwdwd tqufjzwfum oydwfarSmufvdkufonf[k 18? 8? 57 &ufaeYu aMunmvdkufygonf[k od&ygonf/ þodYk aMunm&müvnf; (wuotvkyt f rIaqmifrsm;onf pnf;urf;rJrh ?I &rf;um;rIukd tcsed rf rD ajz½Si;f Edik b f J tjypfusL;vGefol\ y&d,m,fudkyif vdkufavsmcJhonf/ xdkaMumifh wuotrIaqmifrsm; wm0efruif;) [lí vnf; aumif;? (wuo trIaqmifrsm;rSm ausmif;om;nDñGwfa&;wyfOD;tzGJU0ifrsm;jzpfí rvTJra½SmifombJ tjypf½SdolESifh wm0ef ruif;olrsm;) [lí vnf;aumif; yg½Sdonfudk awGU&ygonf/ þudpEö iS yhf wfoufí owif;axmufrsm;tm; jzpf&yfreS u f kd wifjyvdo k nfrmS tvkyt f pnf;ta0;yGw J iG f jzpfymG ; jcif;onf omrefausmif;om;wa,mufESifh owif;axmuftcsKdU jzpfyGm;jcif;yif jzpf\/ tpnf;ta0; wm0efcHusif;y aom trIaqmifrsm;ESifh jzpfyGm;jcif;r[kwfojzifh wuotrIaqmifüvnf; wm0efr½Sday/ þausmif;om;onf wyfOD; trIaqmifvnf; r[kw?f aumifp0D ifvnf; r[kwo f jzifh wyfO;D üvnf; wm0efr½S/d xdak usmif;om;ESihf owif;axmufrsm; tcif;jzpfyGm;csdefwGif tpnf;ta0;\ obmywdjzpfaom wuoOuú|u (owif;axmufrsm;tm; "gwfyHk½dkufcGihf ½SdaMumif;ESifh rwm;jrpfrydwfyif&ef) ajymMum; aMunmcJhavonf/ þodkY obmywdu ajymMum;NyD;aomtcg owif; axmufrsm;u tpnf;ta0cef;rrS xGufcGmoGm;ygonf/ xdkaeYnaeuyif jzpfyGm;&müygaom ausmif;om;udk,fwdkif owif;axmufrsm;tm; awmif;yefpm ay;ydkYcJhygonf/ ,if;odYk ausmif;om;wcsKdUESihf owif;axmuftcsKdU y#dyu©jzpfymG ;jcif;udk wuou rvdv k m;onft h avsmuf xdkausmif;om;u ¤if;tvdkqE´tavsmuf awmif;yefapygw,f/ xdkuJhodkY rdrdwdkY tvdkqE´tavsmuf awmif;yefonf udyk if t"r®tEdik u f sifí h awmif;yefaponf[al omoabmrsKd; owif;axmuftzGUJ \ aMunmcsufwiG yf g½So d nf/ wzef 515

jrefrmEdkifiHausmif;om;vIyf&Sm;rIordkif; - atmifxGef; wyfO;D tm; (6) v oydwaf rSmufonf qdjk cif;rSmvnf; bmrQ roufqikd o f nfh wyfO;D tm; rw&m;oufouf qH;k jzwfcsuf jzpfonf[k ,HkMunfygonf/ wyfOD;onf owif;axmufrsm;tay:ü apwemaumif;xm;vsuf oabmxm; rSefuefcJhygonf/ 1955 ckEpS f bGUJ ESi;f obifwiG f owif;axmufrsm;tm; "gwfyrHk ½du k &f [k wm;jrpfonfukd wuou 0rf;enf;aMumif; aMunmcJh zl;yg\/ xdkaMujimcsufukd wyfOD;u axmufcHcJhonf/ xdkuJhodkY wyfOD;ESifh owif;axmufrsm; apwemoefY½Sif;pGm qufqHonfudk wyfOD;0ifr[kwfonfh omref ausmif;om;wOD;ESifh jzpfyGm;rIudk ckwHk;vkyfvsuf wyfOD;tm;w&m;cHvkyfonfh vkyfMuHrIaMumifh wyfOD;owif;tm; (6) v oydwfarSmufjcif; jzpf&yfudk rw&m;[k,lqaMumif; owif;axmufrsm;tm; tav;teuf wifjyvdkufygonf/ &efukefwuúodkvf ausmif;om;nDñGwfa&;wyfOD;taeESifh ,cifuvnf; owif;axmufrsm;tay: oabm xm; rSefuefcJhygonf/ ,ckvnf; rSefuefygonf/ aemiftpOfojzifhvnf; rSefuefpGm qufqHoGm;rnfqdkonfudkvnf; od½Sdapvdkygonf/ þuJhodkY wyfOD;tay:wGif rw&m;csrSwfxm;aom qHk;jzwfcsufudk trSefodkY a&muf½SdEdkif&ef pOf;pm; aqmif½GufEdkif&eftwGuf owif;axmufrsm;odkY wifjy yefMum;tyfygonf/ trIaqmiftzGYJ ausmif;om;nDnGwfa&;wyfOD; &efukefwuúodkvf aehpGJ- 19? 8? 57

(n) &Jacgiu f akd rG;zGm;cJjh cif; (1955- 56) ckESpf yxrtokwf wuoa½G;aumufyGJwGif wyfOD;rsm; tjywftowfjzifh jyefta½G;cH&NyD; tmPm&ygwD tzGUJ tpnf;onf rsm;pGmtxdemapum ¤if;wdYk u ausmaxmufaemufcjH yKolrsm;udk woD;yk*v ¾ rsm;tjzpf ausmifom;xktm; vSnfhpm;aomtm;jzifh qdk½S,fvpfygwDrS ppfNyD;acwf ausmif;om;acgif;aqmif wOD;jzpfaom udkñGefYodef;? tvif;0if ppfNyD;acwfausmif;om;acgif;aqmifrsm;jzpfcJhaom udkcspfoef;xGef;? udkzkef;jrifhwdkY OD;aqmifum &JacgiftzGJUudk zGJUNyD; 1956-57 ck wuo 'kwd,tokwf 0ifNydKifcJhonf?/ 1953-54 ck uJhodkYyif tmPm&ygwDrS acgif;aqmifrsm; uGif;qif;í OD;aqmiftm;ay;Muonf/ 0efBuD;OD;ausmfNidrf;\ZeD; a':EGJYEGJY&Donf r,fArmrpdefat; twGuf a&yef;pm;vSaom A½du k w d v f ckH snfwxnf vufaqmifay;cJo h nfh owif;udk udck ifarmiftek ;f u toHcsJUpufjzifh aMunmcJhonf/

(#) 1956-67 &efuek w f uúov kd af usmif;om;rsm;or*¾ 0g'ESiv hf yk if ef;pOf 0g' 1/ ausmif;om;tcGifhta&; umuG,fa&;? tqifhtwef;jrifhaom ynma&;ESifh ausmif;om;b0 om,m ajzmifhjzL;a&;/ 2/ ausmif;om;nDñGwfa&;ESifh w&m;rQwaom ausmif;om;ta&;jyóemwdkif;wGif aqmif½Gufvdkaom ausmif;om;tif;tm;pkrsm;? ausmif;om;tzGJUtpnf;rsm; yl;wGJaqmif½Gufa&;/ 3/ Nidrf;csrf;pGm ynmoifMum;a&;? ,Ofaus;rIxdef;odrf; jr§ifhwifa&;ESifh ausmif;om;tcsif;csif; &if;ESD;pGm aygif;oif;qufqHa&;/ t"duvkyfief;rsm; 1/ (u) 3 cgus ausmif;xkwfpepf y,fzsufa&;/ (c) wuúodkvfqD;edwf qHk;jzwfcsuf taumiftxnfazmfa&;/ (8) t&pfusajzqdkcGifhpepfopf taumiftxnfazmfa&;/ 2/ ausmif;om;udk,fydkiftkyfcsKyfcGifh (Hostel Autonomy) &½Sda&;/ 3/ axmufyHhaMu; qufvuf&½Sda&;/ 4/ ausmif;om;pm;aomufqdkif (Student Canteen) zGifhvSpfa&;/ 516

Nidrf;csrf;a&; 'Drdkua&pDa&;BudK;yrf;rI - 1956 rS 1957 - 'Drdkua&pDa&; ausmif;om;xktcGifUta&; Nidrf;csrf;a&; trsKd;om;a&;toGif 5/ wuúodkvf ausmif;om;yGJawmfusif;ya&;/ 6/ wuúodkvfESifhaumvdyfaygif;pHkawGUqHkaqG;aEG;yGJBuD; usif;ya&;/ 7/ wuúodkvfynma&; jyKjyifajymif;vJa&;twGuf ESD;aESmzvS,fyGJw&yf usif;ya&;/ 8/ Edik if w H um½Sd wuúov kd rf sm;ESihf &efuek w f uúov kd f q&m? ausmif;om;ud, k pf m;vS,t f zGUJ apvTwzf vS,af &;/ 9/ tm½S-tmz&du ausmif;om;abmvHk;yGJw&yf &efukefNrdKUwGifusif;ya&;/ oD;jcm;Xmetvdkuf aqmif½Guf&rnfUvkyfief; tif*sifeD,maumvdyf 1/ (3F) pepf zsufodrf;a&;/ 2/ ausmifwuf&ef 75% rS pmar;yGJajzcGifh avQmhaygha&;/ 3/ tif*sifeD,mpmMunfhwdkufwGif tif*sifeD,mbmom&yfESifh ywfoufaompmtkyfrsm; jynfhpHkpGmxm;½Sda&;/ 4/ aEG&moD vufawGUoifwef;rsm;wGif ausmif;om;rsm;twGuf c&D;p&dwfESifh aeYpOf toHk;p&dwfay;a&;/ 5/ tif*sifeD,maumvdyf½Sd Xmetvdkufypönf;rsm; tjynfhtpHkxm;ay;a&;/ (u) Architect ausmif;om;rsm;twGuf ypönf;rsm;jynfhpHka&;? (Oyrm- Basil wood) (c) Mechanical wGif Working Model rsm; jynfhpHkpGmxm;½Sda&;? (*) Civil Eng: twGuf ypönf;ta[mif;rsm; vJvS,fay;a&;? (Oyrm- ajrwdkif;u&d,mrsm;) 6/ Lab: rsm;wGif ypönf;rsm; jynfhpHkapa&;/ (u) Heat Eng: Lab: Oyrm- (Boiler ta[mif;rsm; xm;½Sday;a&;)? (c) Mining Eng: twGuf Lab: wckxm;½Sda&;? (*) Electrical Communication wGif Lab: xm;ay;a&;/ 7/ (u) Workshop twGuf Workshop Assist: tjynfhtpHktvHktavmuf xm;½Sda&;? (c) a[mif;EGrf;aomypönf;rsm; vJvS,fay;a&; (Oyrm- wHuif;)/ 8/ pwdkifyifrsm; qufvufwdk;wufay;a&;/ 9/ trSwfMunfh&mwGif 10d^- ay;&mrS 5d^- odkY avsmhcsay;a&;/ 10/ tif*sifeD,mpmar;yGJrsm; qufwdkufrusif;yay;bJ oifhavsmfovdk em;&ufay;umusif;ya&;/ ynma&;r[mXme 1/ 65% ausmif;wuf&uf pepfy,fzsufa&;/ 2/ pmar;yGJatmifpm&if; xGuf&mwGif (In order of merit) trSwftenf;trsm; tpDtpOftvdkuf aMujim jcif;udk y,fzsufay;&ef/ 3/ tpdk;&pwdkifyif,lolrsm;udk B.Ed qufvufwufcGifhay;&ef/ 4/ q&mrsm;\tajccHvpmEIef;xm; jyifqifay;a&;/ 5/ ynma&;r[mXmewGif vuf½SdtkyfcsKyfjyKvkyfaeyHkudk jyKjyifajymif;vJay;a&;/ 6/ tjcm;aomXmeuJhodkY xl;cRefolrsm;? yxr&olrsm;tm;qk csD;jr§ifhay;a&;/ aq;odyHÜ 1/ oD;jcm;aq;wuúodkvf jzpfajrmufa&;/ 2/ aq;odyÜHwGif vuf½SdtaqmuftOD wdk;csJUa&;/ 3/ aq;odyÜHwGif ausmif;olrsm;twGuf ausmif;aqmifwaqmifESifh aq;odyÜHausmif;om;rsm;twGuf ausmif; aqmifwaqmif tjrefqHk;xm;½Sday;a&;/ 4/ aq;odyÜHwGif "gwfcGJcef;ypönf;rsm;? tjcm;vdktyfaomypönf;rsm; vHkavmufpGm½Sda&;/ 5/ aq;odyÜHwGif q&mrsm;vHkavmufpGm wdk;csJUcefYxm;&efESifh q&mrsm;tm; vpmwdk;jr§ifhay;a&;/ 6/ 'kwd,ESpf aq;odyÜHoifwef;wGif (3) Budrf us½HI;pepfaMumifh ausmif;om;rsm;txl; epfemaeojzifh wwfEdkiforQ aqG;aEG;jyKjyifa&;/ 7/ aq;odypHÜ mMunfw h u kd w f iG f acwfrpDS mtkyrf sm; pHv k ifpmG xm;½S&d ef ausmif;om;rsm; vHak vmufpmG iSm;&efzwf½I &ef pmMunfhwdkuf&efyHkaiG wdk;wufoHk;pGJay;&ef/ 517

jrefrmEdkifiHausmif;om;vIyf&Sm;rIordkif; - atmifxGef; 8/ aq;odyÜHwGif axmufyHhaMu;topfrsm; &yfqdkif;xm;jcif;udk zsufí axmufyhHaMu;topf tjrefjyefvnf xkwfay;&ef/ &efuif;aumvdyf 1/ &efuif;OypmaumvdyfwGif vHkavmufaom ypönf;ud&d,mrsm;ESifh q&mjynfhpHkpGm xm;½Sda&;/ 2/ jynfpHkvHkavmufaom pmMunfhwdkufwck xm;½Sda&;/ 3/ upm;uGif;rsm; aqmufvkyfay;a&;ESifh vdktyfaomypönf;rsm;? axmufyHhaMu;rsm;udk ausmif;om;OD;a& tvdkuf ay;a&;/ 4/ ausmif;ol? ausmif;om;rsm; em;ae&eftcef; (L.C.R) (G.C.R ) udk wd;k csUJ í ypön;f rsm; jynfph kH vHak vmufpmG ay;a&;/ 5/ t0iftxGufvrf;rsm; jyKvkyfay;um vrf;rsm;udk tjrefqHk;jyKjyifay;&ef/ 6/ &efuif;ausmif;aqmif (Hostel) rsm;wGif toHk;taqmifrsm; jynfhpHkpGmjyifqifa&;/ 7/ ysufqD;aeaomausmif;aqmifrsm;? a&ydkufrsm; jyifqifay;&efESifh ausmif;aqmif oefY½Sif;a&;twGuf aqmif½Gufay;a&;/ 8/ &efuif;ausmif;aqmifrsm;wGif Owk (3) yg;cHEdkif&ef twGuf rsufESmMuufjyKvkyfay;a&;/ xD;wef;aumvdyf 1/ pmoifcef;rsm;wGif rD;vHk;rsm;? yefumrsm; wyfqifa&;/ 2/ em;aecef;twGif; owif;pmrsm;? upm;ckefpm;ud&d,mrsm; jynfpHkpGm&½Sda&;/ 3/ xD;wef;aumvdyftwGuf ydkrdkoifhavsmfaom ae&m½SmazGí aumvdyftqifhESifhnDaom pmoifcef;rsm; aqmufvkyfa&;/ 4/ ausmif;aqmifü csKdUwJhaomypönf;rsm; tjrefqHk;ay;&ef/ 5/ pmMunfhwdkufESifh tdrfwGif;upm;a&;twGuf taqmifoD;oefY aqmufvkyfay;a&;/ 6/ upm;ckefpm;a&;twGuf upm;uGif;rsm; jyKjyifay;a&;/ 7/ oefY½Sif;aom a&csKd;cef;ESifh tdrfomrsm; jyKjyifay;a&;/ 8/ aq;rsm;tcrJh vHkavmufpGmay;a&;ESifh tcrJhaq;xdk;ay;a&;/ A[dkausmif;aqmifrsm; 1/ ausmif;aqmifc t&pfusay;oGif;aom pepftm; ,cifpepfa[mif; twdkif;ay;a&;/ 2/ ausmif;aqmifrsm;wGif a½S;,cifuuJhodkY rD; (24) em&D&½Sda&;/ 3/ ausmif;aqmifwGif aexdkifvdkaom ausmif;om;wdkif; aecGifhjyKa&;/ 4/ aEG&moDausmif;ydwf&uftwGif; ausmif;aqmifü aecGifhjyKa&;twGuf tpDtpOfjyKvkyfay;a&;/ 5/ a&vHkavmufpGm &½Sda&;/ 6/ ukwiftopfrsm; vJvS,fay;&efESifh pmtkyfpifrsm; tvHktavmufay;a&;/ 7/ tdrfomjyKjyifay;a&;/ aehausmif;olrsm;? ausmif;om;rsm;ta&; 1/ um;crsm; oufomacsmifcsdap&ef avQmhayghaom aps;EIef;xm;½Sda&;/ 2/ ausmif;ol? ausmif;om;rsm; em;aecef;rsm; (L.C.R) (G.C.R) wdkYtm; o,m,ESifh pmzwfcef; tqifhodkY xm;½Sday;&efESifh ypönf;rsm; vHkavmufpGmxm;½Sday;a&;/ 3/ aeYausmif;om;rsm;twGuf tm;upm;aMu;rsm;udk 200d^- rS 500d^- txd wdk;jr§ifh&½Sda&;/ vlrsKd;pkausmif;om;rsm; 1/ r,lrae& jrefrmbmomtpm; rdrdwdkY jynfe,fqdkif&m bmom&yfrsm; oifMum;ajzqdkcGifhjyKa&;/ 2/ jynfe,fausmif;om;rsm;ta&;udk jynfe,ftpdk;&u 0ifa&mufpGufzufjcif; rjyKa&;/ 518

Nidrf;csrf;a&; 'Drdkua&pDa&;BudK;yrf;rI - 1956 rS 1957 - 'Drdkua&pDa&; ausmif;om;xktcGifUta&; Nidrf;csrf;a&; trsKd;om;a&;toGif 3/ jynfe,fausmif;om;rsm;tm; axmufyHhaMu;wdk;ay;a&;/ 4/ axmufyHhaMu;ay;&mwGif oif,laom bmom&yfESifh owfrSwfcsKyfcs,frI rjyKa&;/ 5/ vlrsKd;pkausmif;om;rsm;\ ,Ofaus;rIxkwfazmfay;a&;/ 6/ ausmif;om;vkyfief;rsm;wGif vlrsKd;pkwdkY qE´yg½Sdvkyfaqmifa&;/ q&mrsm; 1/ q&mrsm;pmoifcsdefudk qDavsmfatmif pDpOfowfrSwfí tcsdefydkoifMum;ygu tydkaMu;cHpm;cGifhjyKa&;/ 2/ q&mrsm;vdkaecsdefwGif tvkyfrS&yfpJjcif; rjyKa&;/ 3/ q&mrsm; vpmEIef;xm; wdk;jr§ifhjyifqifay;a&;/ 4/ q&mrsm;vdt k yfaecsdew f iG f wd;k jr§ichf efYxm;rIukd 'D*&Day:wGio f mrxm;bJ vkyo f ufuRrf;usifru I ykd g Munfí h &mxl;wdk;jr§ifhay;a&;/ 5/ q&m? rrsm;\ qE´EiS q hf efYusifvsuf ausmif;om;ta&;wGif 0ifa&mufcsKyfcs,f&ef tmPmjzifh apcdik ;f jcif; rjyKa&;/ &Jabmfausmif;om;taygif;wdkhtxufazmfjyyg 1956- 57 ckEpS t f wGuf vkyif ef;rsm;udk ausmif;omxkw&yfv;kH udk aoG;pnf;nDñw G af pum ausmif;om;tjrif ausmif;om;qE´jzifhom jyKvkyfaqmif&Gufí atmifyGJ&onftxd csDwufoGm;rnfjzpfaMumif; uwd jyKygonf/ trIaqmiftzGYJ &efukefwuúodkvfausmif;om;rsm;or*¾

(X) &efuek w f uúov kd af usmif;om;rsm;or*¾ Ouú|opf pode;f [ef usr;f opömused q f ykd t JG crf;tem;rdechf eG ;f &efuek w f uúov kd af usmif;om;rsm;or*¾ Ouú| usrf;opömusdeq f ykd t JG crf;tem;udk wufa&mufMuwJh NrdKUrdNrdKUz *kPfoa&½SdvlBuD;rif;rsm;? ygarmu©q&m^rrsm;eJY ausmif;ol^om;rsm;udk trIaqmiftzGJUudk,fpm; uRefawmfu rsm;pGm aus;Zl;Oyum&wif½SdaMumif; OD;pGmajymMum;tyfygw,f/ ausmif;om;&mZ0if ordik ;f wavQmufv;kH rSm ArmEdik if v H w G v f yfa&;BudK;yrf;rI\ordik ;f wGif ajymifajrmufx;l jcm; wJh tcef;u@rSm&yfwnfEikd cf w hJ hJ wuúov kd o f r*¾&UJ (27) OD;ajrmuf Ouú|tjzpf wifajr§mufjcif;cH&wJt h wGuf uRefawmfh tzdYk *kP, f t l m;wufryd gw,f/ wuo&JU0g'eJY tajccHpOf;rsO;f Oya'abmiftwGi;f wuou csrw S x f m;wJh vkyif ef;pOf (9) &yfudk ausmif;om;xktm; opömrazmufbJ tpGrf;ukefazmfoGm;r,fqdkwm 'Dae&muaeNyD; uwday;ygw,f/ txl; ojzifh ,ckvdk ArmwEdkifiHvHk;rSm½SdwJh nDi,fausmif;om;rsm;&JU ausmif;om;or*¾awG t"r®zsufodrf;cH&wJh tcsdefrsKd;rSm wuo&JU tEÅ&m,fawG0dkif;aewJhtcgrsKd;rSm ausmif;om;xktwGuf OD;aqmifxrf;½Guf&zdkY wm0ef½SdwJhtwGuf ydkNyD;wuf
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Nidrf;csrf;a&; 'Drdkua&pDa&;BudK;yrf;rI - 1956 rS 1957 - 'Drdkua&pDa&; ausmif;om;xktcGifUta&; Nidrf;csrf;a&; trsKd;om;a&;toGif awGudk &efolvdk oabmxm;NyD; qufqHaewmukd awGU&w,f/ 'DvkdtjyKtrlawG[m vkH;0rSm;,Gif;aMumif; ½Iwfcsw,f/ 'gayrJh uRefawmfwkdYausmif;om;awG[m w&m;rQwrSefuefwJh ausmif;om;tcGifhta&;rsm;ukd raMumufr½GHU &J&J0Hh0HheJY awmif;qkdwkdufyGJ0ifoGm;r,fqkdwm 'Dae&mu aMunmvkdufygw,f/ ed*kH;csKyftaeeJY uRefawmf wifjywkdufwGef;csifwJh tcsufuawmh1/ wuúokdvfausmif;om; e,fajravmuBuD;[m wuúokdvft"dywda[mif; ukdEk ajymcJhzl;ovdk Nidrf;at; om,mwJh ]jruRef;om} uav;tjzpf wnfaxmifvkdygw,f/ 2/ 'Dom,mwJh jruRef;omtjzpfa&mufatmif rajyvnfwJhjyóemawG? ½IyfaxG;aewJh epfemcHpm;&wJh jyóemawG? ql;an§mifhcvkwfuefoif;awGukd rdb? q&m?ausmif;om;awG vufwGJyl;aygif;NyD; ajz½Sif; vkdygw,f/ 3/ wuúokdvfjruRef;omukd zsufqD;rJh &eftEÅ&m,ftoG,foG,fukd w&m;rQwjidrf;csrf;wJhenf;awGeJY ckcHum uG,f ajz½Sif;vkdygw,f/ 'Dtcsuf (3) csufudk r&rae aqmif½Gufae&r,fh ae&mrSmvnf; uRefawmfwdkYor*¾trIaqmiftzGJU taeeJU ausmif;om;tjrif? ausmif;om;qE´? ausmif;om;,lqcsufawGeJYom xm0pOfBudK;yrf; wnfaqmufoGm;r,fvdkY wifjy &if; t&mcyfodrf; rausvnfwmawG? ½IyfaxG;aewmawGudk at;csrf;wJhenf;vrf;awGeJU ausvnfwJhtxd aqG;aEG;ajz ½Sif;vdkY &ygw,fqdkwJh uRefawmf&JUqE´udk xkwfazmf wdkufwGef;EId;aqmfcJhygw,f/

(!) &efuek w f uúov kd af usmif;om;rsm;or*¾ aMunmcsuf ausmif;om;ta&;eJY ywfoufNyD; atmufwdkbmv (7) &ufaeYu zqyv Ouú| OD;Eku toHvTifhrdefYcGef; w&yf ajymMum;cJhygonf/ xdkaemuf atmufwdkbmv (16) &ufaeYwGif 'k-0efBuD; ocifwifu rdefYcGef;pum;w&yf ajymum EdkifiHawmftpdk;& ynma&;XmerS trdefYw&yfudk xkwfjyefaMunmcJhayonf/ xdktrdefYpmwGif]EdkifiHawmftpdk;&ausmif;rsm;wGif q&mBuD;rsm;OD;pD; zGJYpnf;xm;aom ausmif;aumifpDrSwyg;? tjcm;toif;tzGJY rsm;ESifU or*¾rzGJYpnf;&/ zGJYpnf;NyD;aomor*¾rsm;udk &ufaygif; (30) twGif; q&mBuD;rsm;u trdefhxkwfqifU zsufodrf; &rnf/ trdefhudkremcHaomf &moufyefausmif;rS xkwfypf&rnf/ uefhuGufawmif;qdkcJUaomf ausmif;udkydwfxm;Edkifonf/ &JtzGJYudk tultnD,lum ta&;,lESdrfeif;&rnf} [k yg½SdcJhavonf/ txufazmfjyygtrdeYf onf ausmif;om;xkw&yfv;kH ESihf oufqikd ½f rkH u aemifwiG w f uúov kd o f r*¾uykd g xdyg; vmap&ef taMumif;½Sdjcif;? 'Drdkua&pDtcGifhta&;udk ydwfyifwm;qD;jcif;jzpfí wrsKd;om;vHk;twdkif;twmxd us,fjyefY vsuf½Sdjcif;aMumifh wuo trIaqmiftzGJUonf av;av;eufeuf pOf;pm;um wuo\oabmxm;rsm;udk xkwfjyef aMunmvdkuf&ayonf/ ArmEdkifiHwGif ausmif;om;toif;tzGJUrsm;udk 1920 ckESpf avmufrSpí pwifzGJUpnf;vmcJhMuayonf/ 1929 cka&mufrS wuúodkvfor*¾[lí twdtvif; wnfaxmifzGJUpnf;í wjynfvHk;wGif 1936 ckESpf ausmif;om;oydwfBuD; wGirf S Auo (ArmEdik if v H ;kH qdik &f mausmif;om;rsm;or*¾) tzGUJ cGrJ sm; tESYH tjym; ay:aygufí vmcJah yonf/ 'kw, d urÇm ppfBuD;NyD;aemuf 1946 ckESpfwGif ausmif;om;or*¾rsm;udk ausmif;om;acgif;aqmifa[mif;rsm;? vli,ftzGJUtpnf;rsm; tultnDjzifh jyefvnf zGJUpnf;cJhMuayonf/ ausmif;om;or*¾onf 'kwd,urÇmppfBuD; rjzpfrDumvwGif uRefynma&;pepfudk wdkufzsufum ocifynm a&;pepf&½Sda&;? t*Fvdyfe,fcsJUorm;vufatmufrS vGwfajrmufa&;wdkYtwGuf jynfolvlxkESifh vufwGJum wdkufyGJ 0ifcJhMuonf/ 'kwd,urÇmppfBuD; NyD;onfhaemufwGifvnf; e,fcsJUorm;vufatmufrS vGwfajrmufa&;twGuf 194647 ckrsm;wGif jynfolvlxkESifhtwl vufwGJum wdkufcdkufMuonf/ 1948 ckESpfrS pí Nidrf;csrf;pGm ynmoifMum;a&;? ausmif;om;tcGifhta&; umuG,fa&;? ynmoifMum;rItajctae aumif;rGefa&;? ausmif;om;nDñGwfa&;wdkYtwGuf qufvuf aqmif½GufcJhMuonfrSm ,aeYwdkifjzpfonf/ þodYk aqmif½u G &f mwGiv f nf; ausmif;om;or*¾rsm;onf tMurf;zufjcif;? t"r®jyKrljcif;rsm;udk vH;k 0rjyKvkyf bJ ausmif;om;xkudk aoG;pnf;nDñGwfapum at;csrf;om,mpGm awmif;qdkcJhonf/ ausmif;om;jyóemrsm;udk at;csrf;pGmajz½Sif;&ef aqmfMocJhonfrSmvnf; txift½Sm;yif jzpfayonf/ ,ckoYkd at;csr;f om,mpGm ajz½Si;f rIukd tjrJwapawmif;qdu k m &mZ0iftqufqufwnf½cdS ahJ om or*¾rsm;udk 521

jrefrmEdkifiHausmif;om;vIyf&Sm;rIordkif; - atmifxGef; zsufodrf;cdkif;jcif;onf jynfaxmifpkjrefrmEdkifiH zGJUpnf;tkyfcsKyfyHk tajccHpnf;rsOf;Oya' tcef; (2)? tydk'f (17^*) toif;tzGUJ rsm; zGUJ pnf;Edik af om tcGit hf a&;rsm;udk usL;ausmfapmfum;jcif;? 'Dru kd a&pDtcGit hf a&;udk ydwyf ifwm;qD;jcif; jzpfayonf/ ,aeY ArmEdik if w H iG f ausmif;om;OD;a&onf ppfrjzpfru D mvxuf wd;k wufrsm;jym;vmcJah yonf/ ppfrjzpfru D (2000) ausmfrQ½Sdaom &efukefwuúodkvfyifvQif ,aeY (9400) ausmftxd ½SdvmcJhayonf/ Armjynfw0Srf;wGif ppf rjzpfrDu ausmif;om; (2) odef;ausmf½Sd&mrS ,aeY (1) oef;ausmftxd wdk;wufrsm;jym; vmcJhayonf/ wdk;wufrsm;jym;vm;aom ausmif;om;OD;a&ESifhtnD ausmif;taqmuftODrsm;? t&nftcsif;jynfhq&mrsm;? ausmif;oH;k y&dabm*rsm; vHak vmufpmG ay;&rnfjzpfayonf/ odYk aomf ynma&;toH;k p&dwf enf;yg;rIaMumifh vHak vmuf pGmray;EdkifbJ ynmoifMum;a&;tajctaerSm waeYwjcm; qdk;0g;vmcJhayonf/ ,cktcsdefwGif ausmif;om;OD;a& ydkrdkrsm;jym;vmrIaMumifh ynma&;tusyftwnf; qdkufa&mufvmcJhayonf/ ausmif;om;or*¾rsm;onf ynma&;tajc tae aumif;rGefa&;twGuf vkdtyfcsufrsm;udk xyfwvJvJ awmif;qdkvmaomtcg ausmif;om;ta&;[lí jzpfay:vm cJhayonf/ ay:aygufvmaom ynmoifMum;a&;tajctae? qdk;0g;onfhynma&;tusyftwnf;udk EdkifiHawmftpdk;& onf ynma&;toHk;p&dwf ydkrdkoHk;pGJum ajz½Sif;&rnfhtpm; ausmif;om;rsm;udk tMurf;zufzdESdyfum ajz½Sif;&ef BudK;pm; cJh\/ 1953-54 ck &efukefwuúodkvfwGifvnf; ausmif;aqmifrsm;? pmoifcef;rsm;? q&mrsm; vdktyfcsufrsm;twGuf awmif;qdkaomtcg ray;½kHrQru atmufwdkbm ausmif; (1) vydwfa&;rS? (15) &ufudkavQmhcsum awmif;qdkvmaom ausmif;om;rsm;udk tMurf;zufNzdKzsufum ajz½Sif;cJhzl;ayonf/ ,ckvnf; ausmif;om;rsm; awmif;qdkcsufrsm;udk zHk;uG,fum or*¾rsm;udk zsufodrf;cdkif;NyD;vQif tMurf;zufajz½Sif;&eftwGuf pDpOfxm;jcif; jzpfayonf/ ynma&;tusyt f wnf;jzpfru I kd or*¾rsm;zsuo f rd ;f &ef BudK;yrf;jcif;onf rajyvnf½rkH Qru ,aeYausmif;om; rsm; Nidrf;csrf;pGmynmoifMum;jcif;udk ysufjym;ap&ef jyKvkyfjcif;? ausmif;om;rsm;udk qlylrIjzpfatmif jyKvkyfjcif;yif jzpfayonf/ or*¾rsm; zsuford ;f cdik ;f &müvnf; Edik if aH wmftpd;k &onf q&mrsm;BuD;rsm;tm; trdeYf xw k u f m zsuford ;f &rnf? ausmif;xkwyf pf&rnf? ausmif;ydwyf pf&rnf? &JtzGUJ jzifh ESrd ef if;&rnf[k cdik ;f apjcif;onf q&mESiahf usmif;om; &if;ES;D cspf cifrI? nDñGwfrIudk ysufjy,fap&ef jyKrljcif;om jzpfayonf/ q&mrsm;tm; wynfhrsm;ESifh toufxufqHk; NidK;ol&ef bufyrm jzpfap&ef rw&m;apcdkif;jcif;om jzpfayonf/ Edik if aH wmftpd;k &ausmif;rsm;wGif ausmif;aumifprD sm;om ½S&d rnf[k qdck ahJ yonf/ ausmif;aumifprD mS q&mESihf wynfhrsm; aygif;pyfxm;aom tzGJUtpnf;jzpfí ausmif;om;or*¾rsm;ESifh vHk;0toGiftjyif jcm;em;vsuf½Sdonf/ ausmif;om;or*¾rsm;onf ausmif;om;oufoufyg0ifaom tzGJUtpnf;jzpfí 'Drdkua&pDpepft& zGJUpnf;xm;aom tzGUJ tpnf;jzpfayonf/ vGwv f yfpmG aqmif½u G Ef ikd cf iG ?hf vkyaf qmifEikd cf iG rhf sm; ½Sad yonf/ ausmif;aumifprD mS q&mBuD;rsm; om tmPmydik jf zpfí ausmif;om;ta&;udk aqG;aEG;jcif;? rJjzifh qH;k jzwfciG rfh sm; r½Sad y/ ausmif;om;u a½G;cs,fxm;olukd yif q&mBuD;u jzKwfcsEdkifcJhayonf/ 'Drdkua&pDtcGifhta&; vHk;0rygaom tzGJUtpnf; jzpfonf/ odkYtwGuf ausmif; aumifpDjzifh tpm;xdk;jcif;onfvnf; vHk;0rjzpfEdkif[k ,lqayonf/ odkYtwGuf EdkifiHawmftpdk;& ynma&;Xme\ &ufaygif; (30) twGif; or*¾rsm;zsufodrf;&ef trdefYonf 'Drdkua&pDtcGifhta&;udk wm;qD;ydwfyifjcif;? Nidrf;csrf;pGmynmoifMum;a&;udk zsufqD;jcif;? q&mESifh ausmif;om; cspfcif&if;ESD;rIudk zsufqD;um ausmif;om;rsm;udk zdESdyfcsKyfcs,fjcif;om jzpfayonf[k wuúodkvfor*¾u tcdkiftrm ,lqayonf/ &Jabmfausmif;olausmif;om;taygif;wdkhEdik if aH wmftpd;k &ausmif;wGif or*¾rsm;tm; zsuford ;f cdik ;f jcif;onf Edik if aH wmfausmif;rsm;wGio f m &yfwnfrnf r[kwfay/ a½SUwGifwqifhwqifhwdk;um wuúodkvfor*¾udk wm;qD;jcif;? zsufodrf;jcif; jyKvkyfrnfh ajcvSrf;yifjzpfay onf/ 1953-54 ckESpfwGif wuúodkvfor*¾ae&mwGif ausmif;om;oufomacsmifcsda&;aumifpD (SSWC) rsm;jzifh tpm;xd;k &ef MuH½, G cf zhJ ;l ayNyD/ ,cktcgwGiv f nf; or*¾rsm;zsuo f rd ;f &ef trdeYf ut kd rSjD yKum wuúov kd o f r*¾ukd zsuo f rd ;f &efBudK;pm;jcif; (odkY) wuoae&mwGif tpm;xdk;&ef ausmif;om;^q&m cspfcif&if;ESD;rI[lí bef;jyum q&m^ausmif; om; tzGJUtpnf;rsm;udk zGJUpnf;&efMuH½G,f jyKvkyfvsuf ½Sdayonf/ odkYtwGuf &Jabmfausmif;ol^om;wdkif;onf EdkifiHawmftpdk;&ausmif;rsm;wGif or*¾rsm; (AuotzGJUcGJrsm;) 522

Nidrf;csrf;a&; 'Drdkua&pDa&;BudK;yrf;rI - 1956 rS 1957 - 'Drdkua&pDa&; ausmif;om;xktcGifUta&; Nidrf;csrf;a&; trsKd;om;a&;toGif zsufodrf;&eftrdefYonf ausmif;om;i,frsm;udkomrubJ wuúodkvfodkYyif xdcdkufvmawmhrnfjzpf&m or*¾rsm; wnf axmifcGifhESifh qufvufwnfjrJcGifhtwGuf EdkifiHawmfausmif;om;xkBuD;w&yfvHk;ESifh vufwGJum aqmif½GufMuyg&ef wdkufwGef;EId;aqmf vdkufygaMumif;/ wuúodkvfausmif;om;rsm;onf or*¾zGJUpnf;cGifh&a&;? or*¾wnfwHhEdkifa&;twGuf ArmEdkifiHausmif;om;xk w&yfvHk;ESifh yl;wGJaqmif½Guf&mwGif at;csrf;om,mpGm ajz½Sif;Edkifa&;twGuf BudK;pm;aqmif½Gufrnf jzpfonfhtjyif q&m? rdb? ausmif;om;rsm;yl;wGJ ajz½Sif;Edkifa&;twGuf tpGrf;ukefBudK;pm; aqmif½GufrnfjzpfaMumif; xkwfjyefaMunm vdkufygonf/ tMurf;zufESdrfeif;rI0g'usqHk;&rnf ausmif;om;ta&;atmif&rnf trIaqmiftzGJY &efukefwuúodkvfausmif;om;rsm;or*¾ (wuo) odhk ynma&;0efBuD; twGif;0efrsm;½Hk; &efukefNrdKY taMumif;t&m /

/ 16? 10? 56 aeYpGJjzifh ynma&;0efBuD;XmerS ausmif;om;or*¾rsm;ESifh ywfoufí xkwfjyefaomtrdefYudk &nfñTef;ygonf/

cifAsm;16? 10? 56 aeYwGif ynma&;0efBuD;XmerS tpdk;&ausmif;rsm;½Sd ausmif;om;or*¾rsm;tm; trdefYxkwfjyef onfrS (30) &uftwGif; zsufodrf;&efESifh xdkuJhodkY zsufodrf;&mwGif vdktyfygu jyif;jyif;xefxef ta&;,lrnf [laom oabmyg½Sdonfh trdefYw&yfudk xkwfjyefcJhygonf/ xdt k rdeYfEiS hf ywfoufí uReaf wmfrsm; wuotrIaqmiftzGUJ rS avhvmoH;k oyfMunfo h nfwiG f ¤if;trdeYfonf 1/ ynma&;avmuü vuf½Sdjzpfay:aeaom taxGaxGtusyftwnf;rsm;udk ajz½Sif;ay;Edkifvdrfhrnf[k r,lqjcif;/ 2/ ¤if;trdefYaMumifh ynma&;avmutwGif;ü at;csrf;pGmynmoifMum;a&;udk xdcdkufvmvdrfhrnf[k ,lqjcif;/ 3/ xdktrdefYonf EdkifiHawmfzGJUpnf;yHk tajccHpnf;rsOf;Oya' tcef; (2)? tydk'f (17^*) üyg½Sdaom toif; tzGJUrsm; zGJUpnf;Edkifaom tcGifhta&;[lonfudk csKd;azmuf&ma&mufvsuf 'Drdkua&pDtcGifhta&;udk ydwfyif&ma&mufjcif; jzpfonf[lí cdkifcdkifrmrm ,HkMunf,lqygaomaMumifh txufyg ynma&;XmerS xkwfjyefcJhaomtrdefYtm; av;eufpGm uefYuGufygaMumif;/ qHk;jzwfcsuft& av;pm;pGmjzifU (pdk;odef;) taxGaxGtwGif;a&;rSL; (wuo) rdwÅLrsm;udk 1/ 0efBuD;csKyf 6/ Auorsm;tzGJUcsKyf 2/ w&m;a&;Xme0efBuD; 7/ &efukefc½dkifausmif;om;rsm;or*¾ (&uo) 3/ ygarmu©csKyf (&efukefwuúodkvf) 8/ owif;pmwdkuf 4/ q&mrsm;toif; (&efukefwuúodkvf) 9/ ynmrif;BuD;½Hk; 5/ jrefrmEdkifiHq&mrsm;toif;csKyf 523

jrefrmEdkifiHausmif;om;vIyf&Sm;rIordkif; - atmifxGef;

(¡) 1956-57 wuotpD&ifcpH m

&efuek w f uúov kd af usmif;om;rsm;or*¾ 1956-57 ckESpf tpD&ifcHpm tcef; (1) &efukefwuúodkvfausmif;om;or*¾\ yxrtywf a½G;aumufyGJjzpfaom Ouú|? 'k-Ouú|ESifh aiGxdef; a½G;aumufyu JG kd 1956 ckEpS ?f pufwifbmv (27) &ufwiG f usi;f ycJ&h m? ausmif;om;nDñw G af &;wyfO;D \ ud, k pf m;vS,f rsm; jzpfaom podef;[eftm; Ouú| tjzpfvnf;aumif;? udkausmfjrifhtm; 'k- Ouú| tjzpfvnf;aumif;? rjrjrtm; aiGxdef; tjzpfvnf;aumif; ausmif;om;xku a½G;aumufwifajr§mufcJhayonf/ 'kwd,tywf trIaqmif (6) OD; a½G;aumufyu JG kd 1956 ckEpS f atmufwb dk mv (9) &ufaeYwiG f usi;f ycJ&h m ausmif;om;nDñw G af &;wyfO;D \ ud, k pf m;vS,f rsm;jzpfMuaom udpk ;kd ode;f ? udpk eG w f w d ?f udv k aS z? rpöwmtuf'x D eG ;f ? apmod;k rm? udck spo f ed ;f OD;wdYk ta½G;cHc&hJ ayonf/ xdktrIaqmif (6) OD;tm; atmufygtwdkif; wm0efcGJay;cJUonf/ (1) udkpdk;odef; taxGaxGtwGif;a&;rSL; (2) rpöwmtuf'DxGef; wGJbuftwGif;a&;rSL;ESifh jyefMum;a&;rSL; (3) udkpGefwdwf ausmif;om;ouffomacsmifcsda&;XmerSL; (4) udkcspfodef;OD; upm;ckefpm;ESifh ,Ofaus;rIXmerSL; (aemif pma&;q&m C.T.O) (5) udkvSaz (&cdkif) EdkifiHjcm;qufoG,fa&;XmerSL; (aemif OD;wifhaZmf) (6) apmodk;rm vlxkqufoG,fa&;XmerSL; wuo\ zGJYpnf;yHkpnf;rsOf;Oya' tcef; (10)? tydk'f (2) t&(1) udkatmifoef; tdk;a0r*¾Zif;wm0efcH (2) udk0if;wif yd#duufwdkufrSL; -tjzpfjzifh trIaqmiftzGJUrS a½G;aumuf wifajr§mufcJhayonf/ wuo\ zGJYpnf;yHkpnf;rsOf;Oya' tcef; (1) udkatmifoef; (2) udkodef;wef (3) udk0if;Munf (4) udkwifarmifarmif (5) udkndKjrifh (6) rcifeef;jrifh

(19)? tydk'f (1) t& tdk;a0r*¾Zif;aumfrwDudk atmufygtwdkif;zGJYpnf;cJUonf/ wm0efcHt,f'Dwm twGif;a&;rSL; tvkyfrefae*sm trIaqmif trIaqmif trIaqmif

wuo\ zGpYJ nf;yHpk nf;rsO;f Oya' tcef; (18)? tyd'k f (1) t& yd#u d ufwu kd af umfrwDukd atmufygtwdik ;f zGpYJ nf;cJo U nf/ (1) udk0if;wif yd#duufwdkufrSL; (2) rjrjr aiGxdef; (3) udkaumif;pH (4) csm;vf (xGef;) 524

Nidrf;csrf;a&; 'Drdkua&pDa&;BudK;yrf;rI - 1956 rS 1957 - 'Drdkua&pDa&; ausmif;om;xktcGifUta&; Nidrf;csrf;a&; trsKd;om;a&;toGif (5) udkwifatmifMunf (6) udk&Jjrifh wuúodkvfupm;ckefpm;aumfrwD (University Sport Council)) odkh wuorS atmufygudk,fpm;vS,frsm; a½G;cs,f cefhtyfcJUonf/ (1) udkcspfodef;OD; (2) udkausmf'if (3) udkwifxG#f (4) udkwifarmifMunf (5) udkae0if; ausmif;aqmifaumfrwDohkd wuo 'k-Ouú| udak usmjf rifEU iS Uf wuotrIaqmifa[mif; udak rmifarmifñeG w hf t hkd m; wuo udk,fpm;vS,ftjzpf a½G;cs,fapvTwfcJUayonf/ wuúodkvfaumifpDodkh (1) OD;at;armif (w&m;0efBuD;a[mif;ESifh 'k-t"dywda[mif;) (2) rpöwmwDyD0rf; (wuoaiGxdef;a[mif;? vTwfawmfa½SUae) -wdkYtm; a½G;cs,fwifajr§mufcJhayonf/ OD;at;armiftm; wuúodkvfaq;aumfrwD0ifESifh wuúodkvf&dyfom aumfrwD0iftjzpf vnf;aumif;? rpöwm wDyD0rf;tm; ausmif;aqmifaumfrwD0ifESifh axmufyHha&;aumfrwD0iftjzpf vnf;aumif; wuúodkvfaumifpDrS a½G;cs,f xnfhoGif;cJhayonf/ tcef; (2) wuotrIaqmiftzGJY\ 0g'ESifUvkyfief;pOf wuoOuú|opf\ usr;f opömused q f ydk u JG dk 1956 ck? Ed0k ifbmv (9) &ufaeYwiG f ,k'oefcef;rü usi;f yjyKvkyf í wuotrIaqmiftzGJUopf\ 0g'ESifhvkyfief;pOfrsm;ukd atmufygtwdkif; aMunmcJhayonf/ 0g' 1/ ausmif;om;tcGifhta&; umuG,fa&;? tqifhtwef;jrifhaom ynma&;ESifh ausmif;om;b0 om,majzmifhjzL;a&;/ 2/ ausmif;om;nDñGwfa&;ESifh w&m;rQwaom ausmif;om;ta&; jyóemwdkif;wGif aqmif½Gufvdkaom ausmif;om; tif;tm;pkrsm;? ausmif;om;tzGJUtpnf;rsm; yl;wGJaqmif½Gufa&;/ 3/ Nidrf;csrf;pGm ynmoifMum;a&;? ,Ofaus;rI xdef;odrf;jr§ifhwifa&;ESifh ausmif;om;tcsif;csif; &if;ESD;pGmaygif;oif; qufqHa&;/ t"duvkyfief;rsm; 1/ (u) oHk;cgusausmif;xkwfpepf y,fzsufa&;? (c) wuúodkvfqD;edwfqHk;jzwfcsuf taumiftxnfazmfa&;? (*) t&pfusajzqdkcGifh pepfopf taumiftxnfazmfa&;? 2/ ausmif;om;udk,fydkiftkyfcsKyfcGifh (Hostel Automanmy) &½Sda&;? 3/ axmufyHhaMu; qufvuf&½Sda&;? 4/ ausmif;om;pm;aomufqdki(f Student Canteen) zGifhvSpfa&;? 5/ wuúodkvfausmif;om;yGJawmfusif;ya&;? 6/ wuúodkvfESifhaumvdyfaygif;pHk awGUqHkaqG;aEG;yGJBuD; usif;ya&;? 7/ wuúodkvf ynma&;jyKjyifajymif;vJa&;twGuf ESD;aESmzvS,fyGJw&yfusif;ya&;? 8/ EdkifiHwum½Sd wuúodkvfrsm;ESifh &efukefwuúodkvf q&m? ausmif;om; udk,fpm;vS,ftzGJU apvTwfzvS,fa&;? 9/ tm½S-tmz&du ausmif;om;abmvHk;yGJw&yf &efukefNrdKUwGifusif;ya&;/ 525

jrefrmEdkifiHausmif;om;vIyf&Sm;rIordkif; - atmifxGef; tcef;(3) wuotrIaqmiftzGUJ onf usr;f opömused q f ykd w JG iG f aMunmcJah om 0g'ESiv hf yk if ef;pOfrsm;udk taumiftxnf ay:aygufvmap&ef aqmif½u G cf o hJ nf/ aqmif½u G cf ahJ om t"ducsrSwx f m;onfh vkyif ef;rsm;ESihf ywfoufí wifjyvdu k f ayonf/ 1/ (3) cgusausmif;xkwfpepfudk 1954-55 ckESpfrSpí wuúodkvfwGifpwifusifhoHk;cJh\/ xdktcsdefrSpí ausmif; om;xk w&yfvHk;onf (3) cgusausmif;xkwfpepf zsufodrf;a&;twGuf trsKd;rsKd;tzHkzHk uefYuGufqE´jycJhayonf/ þodkY qE´jycJhojzifhvnf; ausmif;om;? q&m? rdb jynfolwdkY\ axmufcHrIudk &½SdcJhayonf/ 1955-56 ckESpfwGif wuúodkvfaumifpDrS (3) cgusESifh (65) &mcdkifEIef;pepftwGuf pHkprf;a&;aumfr½Sifudk zGJUpnf;ay;cJh&onf/ 1956 ck ESpf Mo*kwv f wGif wuúov kd yf nma&;pkpH rf;rIaumfr½Siu f kd zGUJ pnf;ay;cJ&h onf/ xkad umfr½Sirf S (3) vtwGi;f tpD&ifcpH m wifoGif;&rnf[k owfrSwfay;cJh&onf/ (3) cgusausmif;xkwpf epfonf vuf½w dS uúov kd yf nma&;pepf rrSeu f efraI Mumifh ay:xGuv f m&jcif; jzpfonf [k ,lqonfh tm;avsmfpmG wuúov kd yf nma&; pHpk rf;rIEiS yhf wfoufí wuorS vufccH ahJ yonf/ pHpk rf;a&;aumfr½Si\ f tpD&ifcpH m tjrefq;kH ay:xGuaf p&ef awmif;qdck ahJ yonf/ þodYk awmif;qdck o hJ jzifv h nf; owfrw S x f m;aom tcsed v f eG af e &mrS xGufay:vmcJhayonf/ odYk aomftpD&ifcpH monf owfrw S v f monft h wdik ;f wuúov kd yf nma&;wckv;kH tm; pHpk rf;jcif;rjyKbJ (Admission) ausmif;0ifjcif;? (Teaching) oifMum;ydkYcsjcif;? (Examination) pmar;yGJ[lí tydkif; (3) ydkif;udkom ppfaq; tpD&ifccH o hJ nf/ ausmif;om;xk vdv k m;csufjzpfaom (3) cgusausmif;xkwpf epf zsuford ;f a&;ESihf ywfoufí rnfoYkd rQ azmfjyjcif;r½SdbJ (3) cgusausmif;xkwfpepfudkom qufvufxm;½SdcJhjcif;aMumihf wuorS oabmxm;udk xkwfjyef aMunmcJhonf/ qufvufí ynma&;jyKjyifajymif;vJa&;twGuf aqG;aEG;yGJBuD;w&yf usif;yjyKvkyfay;&ef wkdufwGef;cJh ayonf/ (3) cgusausmif;xkwfpepf zsufodrf;a&;twGuf wuoonf wuúodkvf½Sd wyfOD;? &Jacgif? oefY½Sif;? ausmif;om;a&;&m tiftm;BuD; (4) ck? tif*sifeD,mausmif;om;or*¾? aq;odyÜHausmif;om;or*¾wdkYESifh yl;wGJum 1956 ckEpS ?f 'DZifbmv (13) &ufaeYwiG f ausmif;w&ufrwufbJ qE´jy oydwaf rSmufco hJ nf/ wuorS OD;aqmifonfh qE´jyoydwfonf vHk;0atmifjrifcJhayonf/ ausmif;om;xkw&yfvHk;\ nDñGwfpGm qE´jycJhEdkifonfhtwGufvnf; (3) cgusausmif;xkwfpepfonf tajc ,dkifvmum wuúodkvfynma&; pepfBuD;wckvHk;udk jyefvnfpOf;pm;&jcif;? pOf;pm;cJhaom tpD&ifcHpmudk wdkif;jynfodkY wifjyum tMuHOmPfEiS hf xifjrifcsufrsm; awmif;cH&jcif;wdYk ukd jyKvkycf &hJ ayonf/ (3) cgusausmif;xkwpf epf zsuford ;f a&;onf umvMum½Snpf mG wdu k yf q JG ifrS &Edik rf nfjzpfonfEiS t hf nD ravsmah omvkYH v? rqkwrf epfaomZGEJ iS t hf nD ausmif; om;xkw&yfv;Hk nDñw G pf mG jzifh qufvufwu kd yf 0JG ifEikd yf gu atmifjrif&ef½adS yonf/ vuf½ydS nma&;pepfBuD;yif jyKjyif ajymif;vJoGm;Edkif&ef t&dyfedrdwfrsm; ay:xGufcJhNyD[k ,lqrdayonf/ (3) cgusausmif;xkwfpepf zsufodrf;a&;twGuf 1956 ckESpf? Edk0ifbmv (30) &ufaeYwGif wuorS BuD;rSL;um tpmiwfcHqE´jyyGJw&yfudk usif;ycJhayonf/ xdktpmiwfcHqE´jyyGJudk &efukefwuúodkvf? odyÜHr[mXme jrufcif;a½SUü vnf;aumif;? &efuif;ESifh xD;wef;aumvdyfwdkYü vnf;aumif; usif;ycJhayonf/ wuorS tpmiwfcH qE´jyyGJtwGuf ausmif;ol? ausmif;om;rsm;udk zdwfac:cJh&m &efukefwuúodkvfrS ausmif;ol? ausmif;om;aygif; (100) ausmf? &efuif;rS (60) ausmf? xD;wef;rS (40) ausmf? tm;vkH;aygif; (200) ausmf yg0ifqifETJcJhMuayonf/ tpmiwfcH qE´jyyGJwGif wuúodkvf½Sd ausmif;om;tiftm;pkBuD; (2) ckjzpfaom &efukefwuúodkvf ausmif;om;nDñGwfa&;wyfOD;ESifh ausmif;om;&JacgiftzGJUwdkYu pdwftm;xufoefpGm yg0ifqifETJcJhayonf/ trsKd;orD;ausmif;aqmifrsm;rSvnf; pdwftm; xufoefpGm tultnDrsm; ay;cJhayonf/ eHeuf (6) em&DrS nae (6) em&Dxd tpmiwfcHqE´jyyGJBuD;? onfhaemuf ausmif;om;xktpnf;ta0;yGJBuD; usif;yjyD;vQif tqdkrsm;wifoGif;qHk;jzwfum wuúodkvfe,fajrtwGif; qE´jyvSnfh vnfyGJw&yfudk usif;yEdkifcJhonf/ 2/ ausmif;aqmifu, kd yf ikd t f yk cf sKyfa&;udk 1954-55 ck wyfO;D ud, k pf m;vS,rf sm;jzpfaom wuo trIaqmiftzGUJ rS wifoGif;awmif;qdkcJhayonf/ 1956 ck? Zefe0g&Dv (24) &ufaeYwGif wuoudk,fpm;vS,frsm;ESifh wuúodkvf t"dywd 0efBuD;csKyfO;D Ek awGUqHak qG;aEG;&mwGif ausmif;aqmifu, kd yf ikd t f yk cf sKyfa&;udk oabmwl½rkH Qru? {NyDvwGif pwiftyk cf sKyf &ef wkdufwGef;cJhonf/ wuoudk,fpm;vS,frsm;u {NyDvonf ausmif;ydwf&ufjzpfí ZGefvrSm pwiftkyfcsKyf&ef jyef Mum;cJhayonf/ 526

Nidrf;csrf;a&; 'Drdkua&pDa&;BudK;yrf;rI - 1956 rS 1957 - 'Drdkua&pDa&; ausmif;om;xktcGifUta&; Nidrf;csrf;a&; trsKd;om;a&;toGif 1959 ck? ZGefvwGif taumiftxnfazmf&ef BudK;yrf;cJhNyD;vQif ausmif;aqmiftkyfcsKyfa&; pDrHudef;udk a&;qGJ wifjycJah yonf/ xdpk rD u H ed ;f udk wuúov kd af umifpo D Ykd wifjy&m rNyD;rjywfjzpfc&hJ mrS 1957 ck? azazmf0g&D (7) &ufaeYwiG f usif;yaom ausmif;aqmifaumfrwDrS wuoudk,fpm;vS,f (2) OD;yg0ifaom tzGJUi,fwckudk zGJUpnf;cJhayonf/ xdk tzGJUi,ffrS wuopDrHudef;udk tajcjyKNyD; tao;pdwfa&;qGJ wifjycJh&m ausmif;aqmifaumfrwDrS vufcHtwnfjyKjyD; jzpfayonf/ ,ckEpS f ausmif;aqmiftoD;oD;wGif ud, k yf ikd t f yk cf sKyfa&; tzGUJ i,fuav; zGUJ pnf;um tkycf sKyf&awmhrnfjzpf &m pwifvkyfaqmifMu&efyif ½Sdayawmhonf/ ausmif;aqmifwikd ;f wGif tkycf sKyfa&;tzGUJ rsm; zGUJ pnf;tkycf sKyfciG hf &½SNd yD;jzpfaomfvnf; wuorS arQmfreS ;f cJo h nfh twdkif; jynfhpHkaom udk,fydkiftkyfcsKyfcGifhum; r&ao;ay/ ,ck&½Sdxm;onfrSm udk,fydkiftkyfcsKyfcGifhwGif ta&;BuD;aom tpdwt f ydik ;f w&yfjzpfonf/ pDraH qmif½u G cf iG hf (Management) udo k m &½Sx d m;jcif;jzpfay&m qufvufí vH;k 0ud, k yf ikd f tkyfcsKyfcGifh &½Sdonftxd aqmif½GufoGm;&ef vdktyfayonf/ 3/ wuúodkvfwGif axmufyHhaMu;rsm;ay;cJh&mrS 1954-55 ckESpfurS tpjyKum &yfqdkif;xm;cJhayonf/ þodkY &yfqdkif;xm;cJh&mrS axmufyHhaMu;rsm; qufvufay;&ef awmif;qdk&mwGif rltm;jzifh vufcHaomfvnf; EdkifiHawmf tpdk;&xHrS ray;ojzifh r&½Sd jzpfaeayonf/ odkYtwGuf axmufyHhaMu;&½Sda&;ESifh ywfoufNyD; EdkifiHawmftpdk;&xHwGif awmif;qdkum qufvufta&;qdk wdkufyGJ0if&rnfjzpfayonf/ 4/ ausmif;om;pm;aomufqdkif (Student Canteen) zGifhvSpfa&;twGuf wuotrIaqmiftzGJUonf yxr tqifhtjzpf pmtkyfpmwrf; ausmif;okH;y&dabm* a&mif;csonfhqdkifwckrS pwif&ef &nf½G,fcJhaomfvnf; t&if;tESD; rwnfa&;ESifh ywfoufí tcuftcJ awGUcJh&ayonf/ t&if;tESD;rwnfEdkif&eftwGuf tpk½S,f,mrsm; ac:qdkum or0g,rtjzpf wnfaxmifrnf qdkyguvnf; pnf;rsOf;Oya'rsm; &½Sd&ef vdktyfygojzifh qufvuf raqmif½GufEdkif ao;bJ &yfqdkif;xm;cJh&ayonf/ 5/ 1952- 53 ckESpfrSpí wESpfwBudrfusif;ycJhaom wuúodkvfausmif;om;yGJawmfudk wwd,tBudrf tjzpfjzifh 1956 ck? 'DZifbmv (20-21) &ufaeYrsm;wGif wuúodkvfe,fajrü NcdrfhNcdrfhoJ usif;yEdkifcJhayonf/ ausmif;om;tcsif;csif; &if;ESD;rdwfaqGjzpfa&; ,Ofaus;rIjr§ifhwifa&; ausmif;om;nDñGwfa&; Nidrf;csrf;a&; -[laom &nf½, G cf sufjzifh usif;yjyKvkycf jhJ cif;jzpf&m ausmif;aqmifrsm;? vlrsKd;pkrsm;\ ulnrD u I kd trsm;tjym; &½SdcJhayonf/ 6/ 1954-55 ckEpS rf S tpjyKí usi;f ycJah om wuúov kd Ef iS ahf umvdyaf ygif;pkH awGUqkaH qG;aEG;rIukd rEÅav;wuúov kd f ausmif;om;rsm;or*¾? rauG;Oypmaumvdyaf usmif;om;rsm;or*¾? armfvNrdKifOypmaumvdyaf usmif;om;rsm;or*¾wYkd EiS hf ndE§ idI ;f aqG;aEG; oabmwlncD suft& rEÅav;NrdKU? a½Tref;wuúov kd ?f abm*aA'cef;raqmifwiG f 1957 ckEpS ?f Zefe0g&Dv (19-20-21) &ufaeYrsm;ü wwd,tBudrfajrmuf awGUqkHaqG;aEG;yGJBuD; xajrmufatmifjrifpGm usif;yEdkifcJhayonf/ &efuek w f uúov kd af usmif;om;rsm;or*¾? rEÅav;wuúov kd af usmif;om;rsm;or*¾? armfvNrdKifOypmaumvdyaf usmif;om; rsm;or*¾rsm;? &efuek ?f rEÅav;aq;odyo HÜ r*¾? pdu k yf sKd;a&;r[mXmeor*¾? xD;wef;? &efuif;aumvdyf ud, k pf m;vS,t f zGUJ rsm;tjyif ausmif;om;nDñw G af &;wyfO;D ? ausmif;om;&Jacgif? rEÅav;wuúov kd f 'Dtufpt f pkd onfh ausmif;om;tiftm;pk rsm;ESihf toif;tzGUJ aygif; (43) zGUJ rS ud, k pf m;vS,af ygif; (82) a,mufEiS hf avhvmolaygif; (48) a,muf wufa&mufcahJ y onf/ xdkaqG;aEG;yGJBuD;wGif wuúodkvfrsm;? aumvdyfrsm;? r[mXmersm;\ tajctaersm;udk wifjytpD&ifcHMuNyD; vQif epfemcsurf sm;udk azmfxw k Ef ikd cf ahJ yonf/ ausmif;om;jyóemrsm;udk tMurf;rzufbJ at;csr;f pGm awGUqkaH jz½Si;f ay; &ef Edik if aH wmftpd;k &odYk yefMum;vTmwapmifEiS hf 'kw, d tBudraf jrmuf wuúov kd Ef iS ahf umvdyaf ygif;pkH awGUqkaH qG;aEG;yGBJ uD;rS xkwfjyefcJhaom Nidrf;csrf;a&;yefMum;vTmudkvnf; xyfrHtwnfjyKcJh ayonf/ 7/ ,aeYwuúodkvfESifh Armjynfw0Srf;wGif wnf½Sdaeaom ynma&;pepfonf e,fcsJUacwfu a&;qGJxm;aom ynma&;pepfjzpfay&m vGwv f yfaomArmEdik if EH iS hf vk;H 0rudu k n f aD y/ vuf½ydS nma&;pepfBuD;wckv;Hk udk jyKjyif ajymif;vJ &ef vdktyfvmNyD[k ,lqojzifh ynma&;jyKjyifajymif;vJa&;twGuf ESD;aESmzvS,fyGJBuD;w&yf jzpfajrmufEdkif&eftwGuf wuo trIaqmiftzGJUonf aqmif½GufcJhayonf/ yxrtqifhtaejzifh ynma&;wwfuRrf;olrsm;? q&mrsm;xHodkY ynma&;jyKjyif ajymif;vJa&;ESD;aESmzvS,fyGJ usif;yEdkifa&;twGuf pmrsm;ay;ydkYum tMuHÓPf awmif;cHcJhayonf/ 527

jrefrmEdkifiHausmif;om;vIyf&Sm;rIordkif; - atmifxGef; wuúodkvfynma&;pkHprf;rIaumfr½Sif tpD&ifcHpm xGufay:vmaom tcgwGifvnf; xdktpD&ifcHpmtwGuf oabmxm; xkwfjyefcJhayonf/ xdkaMunmcsufwGif ynma&; jyKjyifajymif;vJa&;twGuf ynma&;Xme udk,fpm;vS,f rsm;? ynma&;uRrf;usifolrsm;? ausmif;om;? q&m? rdb udk,fpm;vS,frsm; tygt0if ynma&;aqG;aEG;yGJBuD;w&yf usif;yjyKvkyf&ef wdkufwGef;EId;aqmfcJhayonf/ þodkY EId;aqmfcJhonfhtwGufvnf; wuúodkvfynma&;pkHprf;rIaumfr½Sif tpD&ifcHpmudk wdkif;jynfodkY xkwfjyef aMunmum tMuHÓPfrsm; xifjrif,lqcsufrsm;udk jynfolvlxkxHrS awmif;cHcJh&ayonf/ EdkifiHawmf0efBuD;csKyf\ av;ESpfpDrHudef; a&;qGJ&mwGifyifvQif ynma&;ESifhywfoufí ESD;aESmzvS,fyGJ r[kwfaomfvnf; tzGJUzGJUum EdkifiHjcm;rS yg&*lrsm;udk ac:,lum tMuHÓPfrsm; awmif;,lcJh&ayonf/ þonfyifvQif ynma&; jyKjyifajymif;vJa&;twGuf awGUqkHaqG;aEG;yGJjzpfEdkif&ef vrf;pay:NyD[k ,lqrdayonf/ 8/ EdkifiHwumwuúodkvfrsm;odkY &efukefwuúodkvfq&m? ausmif;om;udk,fpm;vS,ftzGJU apvTwfa&;udk t"du vkyif ef;pOftjzpf csrSwcf ahJ omfvnf; raqmif½u G Ef ikd cf ahJ cs/ uvuwåm;wuúov kd f ESpw f &mjynfah jrmufyaJG wmfoYkd &efuek f wuúodkvfrS tm;upm;toif; apvTwfcJh&m wuorS tultnDay;cJhonf/ 9/ tm½S-tmz&du ausmif;om;abmyGJw&yf &efukefjrdKUü usif;ya&;udk tif'dkeD;½Sm;jynf? befa'gif;jrdKUü usif;y aom ]tm½S-tmz&duausmif;om;nDvmcHBu;D } ü Armjynf ausmif;om;rsm;taeESifh wifoGif;cJhjcif;jzpf\/ wuúodkvf tm;upm;aumifpüD wifjyaqG;aEG;cJ&h mwGif jzpfajrmufEikd &f ef tm;ay;cJ\ h / odYk aomf tquftoG,jf yKvkyf ndE§ idI ;f &efyif rvG,u f v l o S jzifh atmifjrifpmG raqmif½u G Ef ikd cf ahJ y/ ,d;k ',m;Edik if H ausmif;om;rsm;rS abmvk;H toif;woif; vma&muf upm;&ef csed ;f qdck ahJ omfvnf; atmifqef;tm;upm;uGi;f wGif rtm;rvyf jzpfaeaomaMumifh urf;vSr;f csuu f kd jiif;y,fchJ &ayonf/ wuo trIaqmiftzGJUonf usrf;opömusdefqdkyGJü aMunmcJhaom t"duvkyfief;BuD; (9) &yfudk taumif txnfay:&ef aqmif½u G cf &hJ mwGif txufü tpD&ifccH o hJ nft h wdik ;f atmifjrifco hJ nfrsm;vnf; ½Scd \ hJ / atmifjrifEikd af &; twGuf tajccHrsm;&EdkifcJhonfvnf; ½Sd\/ ratmifjrifao;onfh tcsufrsm;vnf; ½SdcJhaMumif;udkvnf; azmfjyvdkuf&ay onf/ tcef; (4) tjcm;vkyfaqmifcJhaom vkyfief;rsm; 1/ 1956 ck? atmufwb dk mv (19) &ufwiG f Edik if aH wmftpd;k &u txufwef;ausmif;rsm;ESihf tv,fwef;ausmif; rsm;½Sdor*¾rsm;udk &ufaygif; (30) twGif; zsufodrf;ay;&rnf? EdkifiHawmftpdk;&ausmif;rsm;wGif q&mBuD;rsm; zGJUpnf; xm;onfh ausmif;aumifpDrSwyg; tjcm;toif;tzGJUrsm; rzGJUpnf;&[k xkwfjyefaMunmcJhonf/ or*¾rsm;zsuo f rd ;f cdik ;f jcif;? ausmif;om;xkw&yfv;Hk \ tcGit hf a&; ydwyf ifwm;qD;½krH Qru Edik if aH wmf zGUJ pnf;ykH tajccHpnf;rsOf; Oya'wGifyg½Sdaom 'Drdkua&pDtcGifhta&;udkyg ydwfyifwm;qD;onfh trdefYjzpfjcif;aMumifh wuorS uefYuGufcJhayonf/ Auorsm;tzGJUcsKyfrS BuD;rSL;onfh 1956 ck? Edk0ifbmv (15) &ufaeYwGif usif;yaom or*¾zsufodrf;rI uefYuGufqE´jyyGJodkY wuorS wufa&mufyg0ifcJhonf/ 1956 ck 'DZifbmv (13) &ufaeYwGifvnf; wuúodkvfe,fajrü (3) cgusausmif;xkwfpepf zsufodrf;a&;? or*¾zsufodrf;a&;trdefY uefYuGufa&;twGuf ausmif;r wufbJ qE´jyoydwfarSmufum ulnDwdkufyGJ0ifcJhayonf/ xdkqE´jyoydwfarSmufyGJwGif ausmif;om;nDñGwfa&;wyfOD;? ausmif;om;&Jacgif? oefY½Sif;? ausmif;om;a&;&m paom ausmif;om;tiftm;pkrsm;ESifhwuG ausmif;om;xkw&yfvkH; nDñGwfpGm yg0ifqE´jyrIaMumifh qE´jyoydwfonf atmifjrifcJhayonf/ 2/ 'kwd,tBudrfajrmuf wuúodkvfaygif;pkH ajy;ckefupm;yGJudk 1956 ck? Zefe0g&Dv (17-18) &ufaeYrsm;wGif rEÅav;wuúodkvfü usif;ycJhayonf/ xdkajy;ckefupm;yGJBuD;udk &efukefwuúodkvfausmif;om;rsm;or*¾? rEÅav; wuúodkvfausmif;om;rsm;or*¾? armfvNrdKifOypmaumvdyfausmif;om;rsm;or*¾rS OD;pD;usif;ycJh&m tm;upm;orm; aygif; (100) eD;yg;cefY yg0ifqifETJcJhMuayonf/ 3/ 1957 ckEpS ?f arvü wuúov kd f jyefvnfrzGiv hf pS rf D ausmif;aqmifrsm; rvkaH vmufrEI iS yhf wfoufí wuorS BudKwifjyifqifxm;yg&ef xkwjf yefaMunmcJah vonf/ xkYd aemuf wuúov kd f jyefvnfziG v hf pS af omtcgwGif ausmif;om; aygif; (300) eD;yg; ausmif;aqmifcef;rsm; r&½Sdojzifh wuorS ,m,Dtm;jzifh wcef;ESpfa,mufxm;í ajz½Sif;&efESifh ausmif;aqmifrsm; aqmufvkyf&ef awmif;qkdcJh&m ,m,Dtm;jzifh wcef;ESpfa,mufxm;í ajz½Sif;rIudk &½SdcJhayonf/ 4/ ZGefv wuúodkvfpmar;yGJrsm; ajzqdkaepOftwGif; wkwfauG;a&m*g ysHUESHYvmojzifh ausmif;om;rsm; wkwfauG; 528

Nidrf;csrf;a&; 'Drdkua&pDa&;BudK;yrf;rI - 1956 rS 1957 - 'Drdkua&pDa&; ausmif;om;xktcGifUta&; Nidrf;csrf;a&; trsKd;om;a&;toGif a&m*g pGJuyfcJhayonf/ þodkYpGJuyfrIaMumifh pmar;yGJajza&;wGif taESmifht,Sufjzpfvmojzifh wuorS oGm;a&muf awGUqkHum aq;½kHwGif ae&mcsxm;Edkifa&;? vufawGUpmar;yGJrsm; aeY&ufajymif;vJEdkifa&;? rdrdwdkYae&mwGif ajzqdkEdkifa&; wdkYtwGuf aqmif½Gufay;cJhonf/ 5/ xrif;a
jrefrmEdkifiHausmif;om;vIyf&Sm;rIordkif; - atmifxGef; vlrsKd;pk ausmif;olausmif;om;rsm;ESifh tif;vsm;? &wem? rmvm? oD&d? wDwDpD? aq;odyÜHausmif;olrsm;? ausmif;om; rsm;ESifh tzufzufwGif BudK;yrf;Muaom ausmif;olausmif;om;rsm;tm; wuorS aus;Zl;wif½SdygaMumif;/ þuJhodkY ausmif;om;xk\ yl;aygif;rIaMumifh BuD;rm;aomatmifjrifrIudk &½Sdonfhtwdkif; a½SUwGifvnf; ausmif;om;xk w&yfvkH;onf wuo\tvHawmfatmufrS wnDwñGwfwnf; yl;aygif;aqmif½GufMu&ef wdkufwGef; vdkufygaMumif;/ ykH (ausmfjrifU) 'k-Ouú| wuo

aumvdyaf ygi;f pHak qG;aEG;yJw G iG f &[ef;wyg; rdechf eG ;f >rwfMum;aeyHk

Source: Aung Tun's Original Copy

530

Nidrf;csrf;a&; 'Drdkua&pDa&;BudK;yrf;rI - 1956 rS 1957 - 'Drdkua&pDa&; ausmif;om;xktcGifUta&; Nidrf;csrf;a&; trsKd;om;a&;toGif

OD;pode;f [ef (1956-57) Source: Oway Magazines

ajrmif;jrc½dik ?f tdrrf NJ rKdUe,f BuKdUuke;f ½GmwGif arG;zGm;onf/ u&if trsKd;om;wOD; jzpfonf/ 1954-55 ckEpS w f iG f &efukefwuúodkvfodkY a&muf½Sdum ynmqnf;yl;onf/ 1955-56 ckESpf wuo 'k-Ouú|tjzpf a½G;aumuf wifajr§mufjcif;cH&í? 1956-57 ckEpS w f iG f wuo Ouú|jzpfvmonf/ 1955-56 ckESpfwGif (3) cgusausmif;xkwfpepfudk usifhoHk;&m ausmif;om;trsm;tjym; ynmqufvufoif Mum;cGirhf &bJ ausmif;rS xGucf mG oGm;cJ&h onf/ (3) cgusausmif;xkwpf epf zsuford ;f a&;twGuf wuúov kd w f iG f pwdoydwfarSmufjcif;? tpmiwfcH qE´jyjcif;rsm; jyKcJhí? wuúodkvfaumifpDrS (3) cgus ausmif;xkwfpepfESifh (66) &mcdik Ef eI ;f ausmif;wuf&ufrsm;twGuf pHpk rf;a&;aumfrwD zGUJ pnf;cJo h nf/ wwd,tBudraf jrmuf wuúov kd af usmif;om;yGaJ wmfBuD;udk crf;em;pGm usi;f yEdik cf \ hJ / OD;pode;f [efonf u&ifa&; &mtusKd;aqmiftzGUJ twGi;f a&;rSL;tjzpf aqmif½u G v f suf½o dS nf/ Armhwyfrawmf ynma&;ESihf pdw"f gwfa&;&m ñTefMum;Xme vufaxmuft&m½Sd (pdwf"mwfa&;) wOD;vnf; jzpfonf/ rEåav;aumvdyw f iG f usi;f yaom aumvdyaf usmif;aygi;f pHak qG;aEG;yJrG S obmywdEiS Uf twGi;f a&;rSL;rsm;tzJYG

Source: Aung Tun's Original Copy

531

jrefrmEdkifiHausmif;om;vIyf&Sm;rIordkif; - atmifxGef;

tcef; (20) Nird ;f csr;f a&; 'Dru kd a&pDa&;BuKd ;yrf;rI 'Dru kd a&pDa&; 'Drdkua&pDynma&; Nidrf;csrf;a&;ESifY trsK;d om;a&;toGif ausmif;om;vIy&f mS ;rIordik ;f (1957 rS 1958)

(u) 1957-58 wuoa½G;aumufyJG

Source: Oway Magazines

rnfou Yl kd rJxnfv U u kd yf goenf;

532

1957-58 ckESpf wuoa½G;aumufyGJü tBudwfte,f NydKifMuonf/ wyfOD;ESifh 'DtufpftdkwjzpfvJ toif;0ifrsm; qdk ½S,fvpfygwD tEG,fa[mif;rsm;ESifh wyfOD;rSzGJU&oltcsKdUudk pk pnf;í &Jacgiftrnfjzifh 0ifa&muf ,SOfNydKifMuonf/ wuo a½G;aumufyw JG iG f rEÅav;wuúov kd f aq;ynmr[mXmetwGuf rJy;kH oGm;a&mufxm;ay;&onf/ wuoonf rEÅav;wuúov kd f rS aq;ausmif;om;rsm;twGuf w&m;0ifudk,fpm;jyK&ef jzpf onf/ xdktcsdefu wuúodkvfonf ynma&;0efBuD;Xme vuf atmufcH tzGJUtpnf;r[kwfyg/ &efukefwuúodkvfonf tpdk;& taxmuftyHh vGwfvyfaomtzGJUtpnf;jzpfonf/ &efukef wuúodkvf\ tjrifhqHk;tmPmydkiftzGJUtpnf;rSm wuúodkvf aumifpjD zpfonf/ uGejf rLepfrsm;? qd½k , S v f pfrsm;? vuf0aJ usmif; om;rsm;? olyek u f , kd pf m;vS,rf sm;[k pGypf t JG rnfwyfjcif;cH&aom wyfOD;ESifh tmPm& zqyv qdk½S,fvpfygwDrS ausmaxmuf aemufcjH yKxm;aom &JacgifwYkd \ NydKifyjJG zpfonf/ owif;pmrsm; uvnf; xdak ½G;aumufyo JG wif;ESihf "gwfyrkH sm;udo k m tom;ay; xnfMh uonf/ uGejf rLepf olyek u f , dk pf m;vS,rf sm;[k trnfwyf jcif;rSm wuúov kd af usmif;om;rsm;twGuf xda&mufaom acwfrD aom pGyfpGJcsuf r[kwfawmhyg/ a½G;aumufyGJ rJa&wGufaom

Nidrf;csrf;a&; 'Drdkua&pDa&;BudK;yrf;rI - 1957 rS 1958 - 'Drdkua&pDa&; 'Drdkua&pDynma&; Nidrf;csrf;a&; trsdK;om;a&;toGif nwGif &JacgifEiS hf wyfO;D &Jabmfrsm; vIYH aqmfa
(c) wuo trIaqmiftzGUJ (1957- 58) 1/ ukdpkd;odef; 2/ ukdpD 3/ ukdodef;½Sef 4/ ukdcifarmiftkef; 5/ ukdcifarmifBuD; 6/ apmwmomuvm;Ä 7/ ukdcifatmif 8/ ukdatmifxGef; 9/ armifukd,k 10/ ukdÓPf&if 11/ ukdatmifomausmf

Ouú| 'k-Ouú| aiGxdef; taxGaxGtwGif;a&;rSL; wGJbuftaxGaxGtwGif;a&;rSL; EkdifiHjcm;qufoG,fa&;XmerSL; ,Ofaus;rIESifh upm;ckefpm;XmerSL; oufomacsmifcsda&;XmerSL; vlxkqufoG,fa&;XmerSL; tkd;a0r*¾Zif;wm0efcH pmMunfhwkdufrSL;

aumifpD / / wuúokdvftmPmykdifqkH;tzGJUjzpfonf/ r[mXmerSL;rsm;? bGJU&jyD;olrsm;\ ukd,fpm;vS,f? vTwaf wmf (2) &yf uk, d pf m;vS,?f t"dywdcefYu, kd pf m;vS,?f wuoud, k pf m;vS,Ef iS hf ausmif;q&mtoif; ud, k pf m;vS,f wkdY yg0ifonf/ wuúokdvfwckvkH;\ tkyfcsKyfa&;qkdif&mukd MuD;Muyf\/ qD;edwf / / aumifpD\ vufatmufwGif qD;edwf½Sd\/ ygarmu©rsm;ESifh aumifpDrScefYaom ukd,fpm;vnfwkdY yg0ifonf/ ynmoifMum;a&;ESifh ywfoufí aqmif½Gufvkyfukdif\/ wuo / / ausmif;om;xkykdif tzGJUtpnf;jzpfonf/ wuúokdvftufOya't& wckwnf;aom w&m;0if ausmif;om;tzGJUtpnf; jzpfonf/ 1931 ckESpfrS pwifíwnfaxmifcJhonf/ ausmif;om;ta&;omru jrefrmwrsdK; om;vkH;\ ta&;ukdyg aqmif½GufcJh\/ ausmif;aqmifaumfrwD / / taqmifrSL;rsm;? r[mXmerSL;rsm;? wuoukd,fpm;vnfwkdY yg0ifí ausmif;aqmif ESifh ywfouforQukd vkyfukdifaqmif½GufMuonf/

(*) wuoOuú| ukpd ;dk ode;f usr;f opömused q f ydk JG rdecf eG ;f usrf;opömusdefqkdyGJwGif 0g' (3) &yfukd ajymMum;cJhonf/ (1) ausmif;om;tcGifhta&; umuG,fa&;? tqifhtwef;jrifhrm;aom ynma&;ESifh ausmif;om;b0 om,majzmifhjzL;a&;/ (2) ausmif;om;nDnGwfa&;ESifh w&m;rQwaom ausmif;om;jyóemwkdif;wGif aqmif½Gufvkdaom ausmif;om; tiftm;pkrsm;? ausmif;om;tzGJYtpnf;rsm;ESifh yl;aygif;aqmif½Gufa&;/ (3) Nidr;f csr;f pGm ynmoifMum;a&;? ,Ofaus;rI xde;f odr;f jr§iw hf ifa&;ESihf ausmif;om;tcsi;f csi;f &if;ES;D pGm aygif;oif;qufqHa&;/ xkdYtjyif-

rSwfcsuf- apmwmomuvm; Ä [k rl&if;wGifaygif;xm;aomfvnf; pmvHk;aygif;trSefrSm apma';Apfwmouv,fjzpfí ,cktcg 533 u&iftrsKd;om;tpnf;t½Hk;wGif A[dkaumfrwD0ifwOD;jzpfaom apma';Apfoufuay:jzpfonf/

jrefrmEdkifiHausmif;om;vIyf&Sm;rIordkif; - atmifxGef; 1/ EkdifiHawmftpkd;&ESifh ausmif;om;xkMum;½Sd wif;rmrIrsm; aysmufatmifvkyfaqmif&ef? 2/ vuf½SdwuoMuD;\ tcef;u@ukd ykdrkdjrifhrm;atmifvkyfaqmifoGm;&ef? 3/ wuúodkvfrSm½SdaewJh vuf½Sd ynma&;pepfBuD;[m rvdkvm;tyfwJhtwGuf jyKjyifajymif;vJzdkY wdkufwGef; aqmif½GufoGm;&ef? 4/ q&m? ausmif;om; yl;wGJnDñGwfpGm vkyfaqmifoGm;a&;udka½SU½I&ef? 5/ ,aeY ausmif;om;xkw&yfvHk; awGUMuHKcHpm;ae&wJh tusyftwnf;trsKd;rsKd;? jyóemtrsKd;rsKd;rS vGwf ajrmufa&;udk ausmif;om;xknDñGwfa&;? ausmif;om;xkqE´jzifh vkyfaqmifoGm;&efwdkY jzpfonf/ EdkifiHawmftpdk;&ESifhywfoufí oabmxm;rSm]]uRefawmfwdkY wuotaeeJYawmh ausmif;om;xk tusKd;½SdrJhvkyfief;awGudk tpdk;&uvkyfvkyf? b,foluyJ vkyv f yk f axmufct H m;ay; ulno D mG ;rSm jzpfygw,f/ ausmif;om;xktcGit hf a&; tusKd;aus;Zl;udk xdyg;vm&if b,forl qdk ckcu H muG,o f mG ;rSm jzpfygw,f/ uRefawmf[m tpd;k &vkyx f m;wJh tvkyw f ikd ;f udk rsufprd w Sd Nf yD; usm;usm; rD;,yfqw kd hJ oabmeJY twdu k t f cHrvkycf o hJ vdk tpd;k &vkyw f ikd ;f udv k nf; ykwo f ifnKd vdk acgif;ndwEf ikd rf ,f r[kwyf gbl;/ ckeuwifjycJh ovdkyJ ausmif;om;xk tusKd;½Sd? r½dSqdkwJh rSwfausmufay:rSm wifNyD;ppfaq;oGm;rSm jzpfygw,f/ tckaecgrSm uRefawmf wdkY wuo&JU tBuD;rm;qHk;qdk&r,fh qE´wcku EdkifiHawmftpdk;&eJY ausmif;om;or*¾awGMum;rSm ½SdaewJhwif;rmrIudk at;at;csr;f csr;f enf;awGeYJ ajz½Si;f vdw k hJ qE´jzpfygw,f/ 'Dvq kd E´½w dS mudk jzpfajrmufatmif aqmif½u G &f mrSm wOD;eJYwOD; oabmxm;rSefrSefuefuefeJY ½SdzdkYtcsuffudk tkwfjrpfcs&ygvdrfhr,f/ 'Dtkwfjrpfcs&mrSmvnf; wOD;udkwOD;u ysufqD;ap aMumif; MuHpnfvyk af eorQawmh t&mxifvrd rhf ,f r[kwyf gbl;/ qdv k &kd if;rSm wuúov kd t f mPmydik ef YJ tpd;k &u bmvkyf vkyf twdkuftcHvkyfrnfr[kwfbJ Nidrf;csrf;a&;? 'Drdkua&pDa&;ESifh ausmif;om;xktusKd;jzpfygu axmufcHívnf; aumif;? yl;aygif;ívnf;aumif; aqmif½GufoGm;rnf jzpfaMumif; oabmxm;udk aMunmcJhygw,f}} tqdkygoabmxm;udk udkpdk;odef;u xkwfazmfcJhjcif;tusKd;qufrSm 0efBuD;csKyfOD;Ek\ tMuHay;t&m½Sd OD;tHk; onf &efukefwuúodkvf t*FvdyfpmXmewGif enf;jyvkyfaeaom udkatmifausmf (b0opftvGwfynmoifausmif;) rS wqifh udkpdk;odef;udkawGU&ef pum;urf;vSrf;vmonf/ xdkYaemuf OD;tHk;ESifh udkpdk;odef; awGUqHk&mwGif tusKd;qufrSm(u) 0efBuD;csKyfonf uRefawmfwdkY wou trIaqmiftzGJUwzGJUvHk;udk ¤if;\½kH; tpnf;ta0;cef;odkY zdwfMum;um tpdk;&tzGJUtaejzifh ynma&;jyKjyifajymif;vJrItwGuf &nf½G,faqmif½Gufaeaom tcsuf rsm;udk ½Sif;jyonf/ (c) jynfwGif;Nidrf;csrf;a&;ESifhywfoufí awmxJrSuGefjrLepfygwD udk,fpm;vS,fa&mufaeaMumif;ESifh typf tcwf&yfpJa&;twGuf qufoG,faqG;aEG;aMumif; ½Sif;jyonf/ (8) wuou OD;aqmifum wuúodkvf½Sduseftoif;tzGJUrsm;ESifh nd§EIdif;aqG;aEG;í rdrdwdkYxHwifjyvdkaom tcsufrsm;udk wifjya&;twGuf wuotoif;tzGJU udk,fpm;vS,frsm;ESifh awGUqHkyGJvkyfvdkaMumif; ½Sif;jy onf/

(C) 1957-58 ckEpS f wuovIy½f mS ;rI? pwkwt ¦ Burd f wuúov kd Ef iS ahf umvdyaf ygi;f pHak qG;aEG;yGBJ u;D wuorS OD;aqmifí ausmif;om;rsm; ynmoifMum;rI tcGit hf a&;udk ydwyf ifaejcif;jzpfaom (3) cguspepfukd uefYuGufaomtaejzifh oifwef;XmetoD;oD;wGif qE´jyoydwfarSmufcJhMuonf/ pwkw¬tBudrfajrmuf aumvdyfESfh wuúodkvfaygif;pHk aqG;aEG;yGJudk wuúodkvf? aumvdyfor*¾rsm;ESifh n§dEIdif;í 1957 ck? 'DZifbmv (28-29) &ufaeYrsm;wGif armfvNrdKifOypmaumvdyf tpnf;ta0;cef;rBuD;wGif wuo? rwuo? Auo? rauG;Oypmaumvdyfausmif;om;rsm;or*¾wdkY OD;pD;í usif;ycJh&m &efukefaq;odyÜHor*¾? rEÅav;aq;odyÜH or*¾? &efuif;ESifh xD;wef;aumvdyfwdkYrS udk,fpm;vS,frsm;? &efukefESifh rEÅav;wuúodkvf toD;oD;rS ausmif;om;tzGJU udk,fpm;vS,frsm; toif;tzGJU (44) zGJUwdkYrS udk,fpm;vS,fESifh avhvmolaygif; (126) a,muf wufa&mufMuonf/ ('k) ESifh (w) tBudrf wuúodkvfESifhaumvdyfaygif;pHkaqG;aEG;yGJBuD;wGif xkwfjyefcJhaom jynfwGif;Nidrf;csrf;a&;twGuf tpdk;&ESifhawmfvSefa&;tiftm;pkwdkY ESpfzufrsufESmcsif;qdkif awGUqHkajz½Sif;jcif;jzifh jynfwGif;ppfrD;udk Nidrf;owf&ef arwåm&yfcHaom yefMum;vTmwapmif xkwfjyefonf/ ausmif;om;xktm; 'Drdkua&pDtcGifhta&; jyefvnfay;tyfa&;? EdkifiHvHk;qdkif&mynma&;ESD;aESmzvS,fyGJBuD; w&yfudk EdkifiHawmftpdk;&u OD;pD;usif;ya&;? jynfwGif;Nidrf;csrf;a&;topf jyefvnfwnfaqmufa&;? urÇmYwif;rmrI avsmhyg;a&;twGuf tNydKiftqdkifvufeufwyfqifrIrsm;? tEkjrLvufeuf 534

Nidrf;csrf;a&; 'Drdkua&pDa&;BudK;yrf;rI - 1957 rS 1958 - 'Drdkua&pDa&; 'Drdkua&pDynma&; Nidrf;csrf;a&; trsdK;om;a&;toGif prf;oyfazmufcGJjcif;rsm; rjyKvkyf&efESifh vufeufppfonftiftm; avQmhaygha&;vkyfief;rsm;udk tjrefqHk;vkyfudkifaqmif ½GufMu&ef arwåm&yfcHonfh aMunmpmwrf;udk aqG;aEG;yGJrS xkwfjyefonf/

&efukefwuúodkvfausmif;om;rsm;or*¾ aeYpGJ -11? 1? 58 pmtrSwf- yc-0114^58 odhk wuúodkvfaumifpD rS-wqifU^ ygarmu©csKyf &efukefwuúodkvf taMumif;t&m /

/ pwkw¬tBudrfajrmuf wuúodkvfESifhaumvdyfaygif;pHkaqG;aEG;yGJrS awmif;qdkcsufrsm;tm; ta&;,l aqmif½Gufay;yg&ef wifjyawmif;qdkjcif;/

cifAsm;wuúov kd Ef iS ahf umvdyt f oD;oD;rS or*¾u, kd pf m;vS,rf sm;? toif;tzGUJ ud, k pf m;vS,rf sm;onf pwkwt ¬ Budrf ajrmuf wuúodkvfESifhaumvdyfaygif;pHkawGUqHkaqG;aEG;yGJBuD;udk armfvNrdKifNrdKU? armfvNrdKifOypmaumvdyf taqmuf tODü 28? 12? 57 &ufaeYrS 29? 12? 57 &ufaeYtxd usif;ycJhygonf/ xdkaqG;aEG;yGJü wuúodkvfESifhaumvdyf toD;oD;rS ausmif;om;b0 tajctaersm;? cHpm;csufrsm;ESifh vdktyfcsufrsm;udk azmfxkwfaqG;aEG;cJhygonf/ xdkaqG;aEG;yGJrS yl;wGJazmfjyyg wuúodkvfESifhaumvdyftoD;oD;twGuf vdktyfaom awmif;qdkcsufrsm;udk wifjyaqG; aEG;um wnDñGwfwnf; twnfjyKcJhygonf/ odkYygí xdkawmif;qdkcsufrsm;tm; oufqdkif&mrS tjrefqHk;ta&;,l aqmif½Gufay;yg&ef av;eufpGmarwåm&yfcH wifjyawmif;qdktyfygonf/ qHk;jzwfcsuft& av;pmpGmjzifh (cifarmiftkef;) taxGaxGtwGif;a&;rSL; (wuo)

pwkwt ¦ Burd af jrmuf wuúov kd Ef iS ahf umvdyaf ygi;f pHak wGUqHak qG;aEG;yGBJ u;D ü &efukefwuúodkvftwGuf &efukefwuúodkvfausmif;om;rsm;or*¾rS wifjyaqG;aEG;twnfjyKcJUaom awmif;qdkcsufrsm; tydkif; (u) ynma&;tqdkrsm; 1/ vuf½Sdynma&;pepfBuD;udk jyKjyifajymif;vJ&eftwGuf EdkifiHawmftpdk;&u OD;pD;um EdkifiHvHk;qdkif&m ynma&; ESD;aESmzvS,fyGJBuD;w&yf usif;yay;&ef (EdkifiHvHk;qdkif&m ynma&;ESD;aESmzvS,fyGJBuD; jzpfajrmufa&;twGuf wuo\ wifjycsufudk yl;wGJay;ydkUvdkufygonf/) 2/ (u) oHk;cgusausmif;xkwfpepfudk vHk;0zsufodrf;ay;&ef? (c) ynma&;pHpk rf;rIaumfr½Sirf S a&;qGrJ nfh ynma&;pDru H ed ;f topfay:rvmrDtwGi;f (3) cgus ausmif;xkwf pepftm; avmavmq,f zsufodrf;xm;&ef? 3/ wuúov kd Ef iS ahf umvdyrf sm;wGif ynma&;qdik &f m Edik if jH cm;tultnD vufc&H mü oufqikd &f mausmif;om;or*¾ rsm;odkY BudKwiftoday;í n§dEIdif;aqmif½Guf&ef? 4/ Armjynfü oifah wmfaom NrdKUBuD;rsm;wGif Oyrm- ykord ?f ½Sr;f jynfwYkd wiG f Oypmaumvdyrf sm; wd;k csJUzGiv hf pS af y; &efESifh ,ckzGifhvSpfNyD;aom aumvdyfrsm;? Oyrm- ausmufjzL ponfwdkYudk acwfrDaomtaqmuftODESifh oufqdkif&mypönf;rsm; tjynfhtpHkxm;½Sday;&ef? 5/ wuúodkvfESifhaumvdyfrsm;twGuf oHk;pGJaiGudk tvHktavmuf wdk;jr§ifhoHk;pGJay;&ef? 6/ &yfqdkif;xm;aom axmufyHhaMu;rsm;udk tjrefjyefvnfxkwfay;&ef? 535

jrefrmEdkifiHausmif;om;vIyf&Sm;rIordkif; - atmifxGef; 7/ 8/

pmoifcef;rsm; rvHkavmufrIwdkYudk tjrefqHk;ajz½Sif;ay;&ef? wuúodkvfESifhaumvdyfrsm;½Sd Xmetvdkuf qdkif&mpmMunfhwdkufrsm;twGuf wdk;csJUzGifhvSpfí vdktyfaom pmtkyfpmwrf;rsm; tjynfhtpHkvHkavmufpGm xm;½Sday;&ef/

tydkif; (c) 'Drdkua&pDa&;tqdkrsm; 9/ Armjynfw0Srf;vHk;wGif ausmif;om;or*¾rsm; zsufodrf;xm;jcif;udk ½kyfodrf;í jyefvnfzGJUpnf;cGifhjyK&ef? 10/ zrf;xm;aomausmif;om;rsm;udk tjrefqHk;vTwfí ausmif;xkwfxm;aom ausmif;om;rsm;tm; tjrefqHk; ausmif;0ifcGifhESifh pmar;yGJajzqdkcGifh jyK&ef? 11/ wuúodkvfESifh aumvdyfwdkif;wGif atmufwdkbmausmif; wvydwfay;&ef/ tydkif; (*) ausmif;om;tcGifhta&;tqdk 12/ wuúodkvfESifh aumvdyfwGif aq;½kHwckpDxm;½dSí vHkavmufaom ypönf;u&d,mESifh q&m0efrsm; cefYxm;ay;&ef? 13/ ausmif;ydwf&ufrsm;twGuf ae&yfXmeodkYjyefaom ausmif;ol? ausmif;om;rsm;tm; EdkifiHawmftpdk;&u _ ___________/ tydkif; (C) taxGaxGtqdkrsm; 14/ wuúodkvfwGif q&mrsm; rvHkravmufjzpfaeaom tcsdefjzpfojzifh touf (60) ausmfNyD;aom q&mrsm; qufvuf trIxrf;EdkifpGrf;½Sdygu tNidrf;pm;ray;bJ qufvufcefYxm;&ef? 15/ &efukefwuúodkvfwGif bmom&yfqdkif&mrsm;ü vG,fulpGm 0,f,lEdkifaom pmtkyfrsm;udkom jy|mef;&efESifh pmtkyfrsm; aps;EIef;BuD;jcif;udk oufomacsmifcsdpGmjzifh 0,f,lEdkif&ef oufqdkif&mwdkYu aqmif½Gufay;&ef? 16/ aeYausmif;om;^olrsm;em;aecef; (G.C.R) ESihf (L.C.R) rsm;udk o[m,ESihf pmzwfcef;rsm;uJo h Ykd ausmif;om; OD;a&ESifhtnD jynfhpHkvHkavmufaom taqmuftODypönf;rsm; wyfqifxm;½Sday;&ef? 17/ aeYausmif;ol^om;rsm;toHk;jyKaom(u) aomufa&ydkufrsm;ysufpD;aeí a&rsm;roefY½Sif;jcif;? (c) tdrfomrsm;ydwfqdkYaejcif;rsm;udk tjrefqHk;jyifqifay;&efESifh vHkavmufpGmxm; ½Sday;&ef? 18/ ul;pufwwfaoma&m*grsm; umuG,fa&;twGufudk tcsdeftcgtvdkuf umuG,faq;xdk;ay;&ef? 19/ aeYausmif;om;^olrsm; toGm;tvmvG,u f al p&ef oufqikd &f mwdYk u o,f,yl Ykdaqmifa&;twGuf pDpOfay;&ef/ &efukefaq;odyÜHtwGuf &efukefaq;odyÜHausmif;om;rsm;or*¾rS wifjyaqG;aEG;twnfjyKcJhaom awmif;qdkcsufrsm; tydkif; (u) t"duawmif;qdkcsufrsm; 1/ aq;odyÜH oD;jcm;aumvdyf jzpfajrmuf&ef? 2/ aq;odyÜH (3) cgusausmif;xkwfpepfudk y,fzsufay;&ef? 3/ ynma&;zufqdkif&m q&mBuD;rsm;u ausmif;om;tzGJUtpnf;rsm;ESifh yl;wGJí (Medical Seminar) jyKvkyf ay;&ef/ tydkif; (c) taxGaxGawmif;qdkcsufrsm; 1/ axmufyHhaMu;aiGrsm;udk topfxyfrHxkwfay;jcif;ESifh &½SdNyD;aom axmufyHhaMu;aiGrsm;udk vpOfrSefrSef xkwfay;&ef axmufyHhaMu;aiGrsm;udk ausmif;om;OD;a&ESifh vpOf&aiG 60d^- xufydkrdk½Sd&ef? 2/ trdefYusNyD;aom ausmif;aqmiftwGuf tjrefqHk;taumiftxnfazmfí aqmufvkyfay;&ef? 3/ aq;odyÜHpmMunfhwdkuf tjrefqHk;wdk;csJUay;&ef? 4/ aq;odyÜHtaqmuftODudk vuf½Sdausmif;om;OD;a&ESifh nDrQatmifaqmufvkyfay;&ef? 5/ vuf½Sdausmif;om;OD;a&ESifh udkufnDrnfh q&mOD;a&&½Sd&ef? q&mrsm; xyfrHwdk;csJUcefYxm;&ef? 6/ aq;ynmwdk;wufrItwGuf aq;odyÜHqdkif&m vufawGUoifMum;rIaq;½Hk (Teaching Hospital) tjzpf ajymif;vJay;&ef? 536

Nidrf;csrf;a&; 'Drdkua&pDa&;BudK;yrf;rI - 1957 rS 1958 - 'Drdkua&pDa&; 'Drdkua&pDynma&; Nidrf;csrf;a&; trsdK;om;a&;toGif 7/

1/

2/ 3/ 4/ 5/ 6/ 7/ 8/ 9/

1/ 2/ 3/ 4/ 5/

6/ 7/

8/ 9/ 10/ 11/ 12/

aq;odyÜHvufawGUcef;rü ud&d,mwefqmyvmrsm; jynfhpHkpGmxm;½Sd&ef/ rEåav;aq;odyÜHr[mXmecGJtwGuf rEåav;aq;odyÜHr[mXmecGJausmif;om;rsm;or*¾rS wifjyaqG;aEG;cJUaom awmif;qdkcsufrsm; ausmif;aqmifrsm; (3) xyfaqmif? vl (250) cefY ausmif;om;rsm;twGuf (1) aqmifESifh ausmif;olrsm; twGuf (1) aqmif tjrefqHk; aqmufvkyfay;yg&ef (,cktcgwGif ausmif;olrsm;rSm pmoifcef;wGif aexdkif Mu&ygonf/) XmetoD;oD;rS vdktyfaeaom q&mrsm;cefYxm;ay;&ef? axmufyHhaMu; wu,fvdktyfaeonfh ausmif;om;rsm;tm; axmufyHhaMu;ay;&ef? aq;odyÜH (3) cgus ausmif;xkwfpepf zsufodrf;ay;&ef? 1953-54 ckESpf aq;odyÜHr[mXmecGJ pwifzGifhvSpfonfrSpí wcgrQr&ao;aom upm;aMu;? pmMunfhwdkuf aMu;? aq;0g;ukoaMu;rsm;udk tm;vHk;ESpfrsm;twGuf tjrefxkwfay;&ef? wuúodkvfwGif½Sdaeaom (3) cgus ausmif;xkwfpepfudk zsufodrf;ay;&ef? rEÅav; oD;jcm;wuúov kd f jzpfajrmufaomtcg rdrEd pS o f ufaom wuúov kd rf sm;wGif a½G;cs,f oifMum;Edik &f efEiS hf rdrdESpfoufaom aq;odyÜHrsm;wGifoifMum;&ef? rw&m;csKyfcs,fxm;aom ausmif;om;or*¾rsm; jyefvnfzGJUpnf;cGifhjyK&ef? aq;odyrHÜ [mXmecGJ (rEÅav;) taqmuftODonf aumvdyt f *FgESihf rnDñw G af omaMumifh taqmuftODopf aqmufvkyf tpm;xdk;ay;&ef/ xD;wef;aumvdyftwGuf xD;wef;ausmif;aqmif o[m,ESifUpmzwftoif; aehausmif;ol^om;rsm;toif;wdkh wifjyaqG;aEG; twnfjyKcJhaom awmif;qdkcsufrsm; xD;wef;aumvdyfudk tqifhtwef;rDaom aumvdyfwcktjzpf wkd;csJUjyKjyifay;&ef? ausmif;om;OD;a&ESifhtnD q&m? q&mrrsm; ydkrdkcefYxm;ay;&ef? wuúodkvfaxmufyHhaMu; wdk;jr§ifhoHk;pGJay;&ef? wuúodkvf½Sd bmom&yfwdkif;udk jzpfEdkifvQif Oypmwef;rSpí oifMum;cGifhay;&ef? oufqdkif&m bmom&yfrsm;twGuf taxmuftuljyKrnfhynm&yfrsm;udk qnf;yl;Edkif&eftwGuf (u) a'oEÅ&A[kokw½SmazGa&;twGuf oufqdkif&mrS aqmif½Gufay;&ef? (c) okawoe (Research Dep:) zGifhvSpfay;&ef? pmMunfhwdkufwck zGifhvSpfay;&efESifh pmMunfhwdkufwGif ausmif;oHk;jy|mef;onfh pmtkyfpmwrf;rsm; jynfpHk vHkavmufpGm xm;½Sday;&ef? ausmif;oHk;tjzpf jy|mef;onfhpmtkyfrsm;udk (u) aps;EIef;csdKompGmjzifh&½Sd&ef oufqdkif&mrSaqmif½Gufay;&ef? (c) 0,fr&aom pmtkyfrsm;udk rjy|mef;&ef? ausmif;om; (100) xuf ausmfvGefaom pmoifcef;rsm;wGif toHcsJUpufwyfqifay;&ef? wuúodkvfwGif ,ck½Sdaom (Combination) rsm;tjyif tydkbmomw&yf oif,lcGifhjyK&ef? Ak'¨usrf;pm *kPfxl;wef; zGifhvSpfay;&ef? ausmif;om;rsm;tm; axmufyHhaMu;rsm; qufvufay;&ef? EdkifiHawmftpdk;&u BuD;rSL;í ]ynma&;jyKjyifajymif;vJa&;} twGuf aqG;aEG;yGJBuD;wck tjrefqHk;usif;y&ef/

tydkif; (c) ausmif;om;tcGifUta&; 13/ (3) cgus ausmif;xkwfpepfudk tjrefqHk;zsufodrf;ay;&ef? 14/ atmufwdkbmausmif; (1) vydwfay;&ef? 15/ or*¾rsm; tjrefqHk;jyefvnf zGJUpnf;cGifhjyK&ef? zrf;xm;aomausmif;om;rsm; tjrefqHk;jyefvnf vTwfay;&ef? 16/ ausmif;om;OD;a&ESifhtnD q&m0efrsm;? olemjyKrsm; xm;½Sday;&ef? 17/ aq;0g;ypönf;rsm;ESifh acwfrDprf;oyfu&d,mrsm; vHkavmufpGmxm;½Sday;&ef? 537

jrefrmEdkifiHausmif;om;vIyf&Sm;rIordkif; - atmifxGef; 18/ 19/ 20/

ausmif;om;^olwdkif; tcrJhaq;xdk;cGifh&½Sd&ef? ausmif;om;^olwdkif;tm; ul;pufwwfaoma&m*grsm;rS umuG,fay;aomaq;rsm;udk tcsdeftcg vdkufí vdktyfovdkxdk;ay;&ef? oD;jcm;aq;½Hkwck wnfaqmufay;&ef/

&efuif;aumvdyftwGuf &efuif;ausmif;aqmif o[m,ESifUpmzwftoif;? &efuif;aehausmif;ol^om;toif;wdkhrS wifjyaqG;aEG;twnfjyKcJUaom awmif;qdkcsufrsm; tydkif; (u) ynma&;tqdkrsm; 1/ &efuif;aumvdyftm; aumvdyftqifhtwef;rDaom oD;jcm;aumvdyftjzpf wdk;csJUay;&ef? 2/ q&mrsm;ESifh ausmif;oHk;y&dabm*rsm; vufawGUprf;oyfaomu&d,mrsm; vHkavmufpGmxm;½dSay;&ef? 3/ &efuif;aumvdyfwGif bmom&yfqdkif&m pmtkyfpmwrf;rsm; tjynfhtpHk½Sdonfh pmMunfhwdkufwck xm;ay;&ef? 4/ ausmif;taqmuftODrsm;? ausmif;oHk;y&dabm*rsm;? q&mrsm; vHkavmufpGm wdk;csJUaqmufvkyf cefYxm;&ef? 5/ wuúodkvfaxmufyHhaMu;aiGESifh ynma&;toHk;p&dwfudk ydkrdkwdk;jr§ifhoHk;pGJay;&ef? 6/ &efuif;aumvdyfwGif q&mrsm;vHkavmufpGm rcefYxm;Edkifao;rD tcsdeftwGif; pmoifcef;wdkif;wGif ausmif;om; (100) xuf renf;½Sdu toHcsJUpufrsm; wyfqifay;&ef? 7/ EdkifiHawmftpdk;&u BuD;rSL;usif;yí ynma&;ESD;aESmzvS,fonfh aqG;aEG;yGJBuD;wck tjrefqHk;jyKvkyfay;&ef/ tydkif; (c) usef;rma&;tqdkrsm; 8/ &efuif;ausmif;aqmifwGif aq;ay;cef;wck oD;jcm;aqmufvkyfay;&efESifh tcsdefjynfhq&m0ef wa,muf xm;ay;&ef? 9/ &efuif;aumvdyfoGm;vrf;rsm;ESifh ausmif;aqmiftwGif;½Sd vrf;rsm;udk ½TGHUAGufa&tdkifrsm; r½Sdap&eftwGuf tjrefjyKjyifay;&ef? 10/ ul;pufwwfaoma&m*grsm; jzpfymG ;Edik af om tcsdeu f mvrsm;wGif &efuif;aumvdyf aeYausmif;ol^om;rsm;udk vnf; ausmif;aqmifaeolrsm;uJhodkY umuG,faq;xdk;ay;&ef? 11/ &efuif;ausmif;aqmifteD;½Sd ausmif;om;rsm;tzdYk tusifph m&dwå xdcu kd af prnft h rIupd rö sm;udk z,f½mS ;ay;&ef/ tydkif; (*) ausmif;om;oufomacsmifcsda&; 12/ ausmif;om;^olrsm;twGuf em;aecef;rsm;udk ausmif;om;OD;a&ESifhtnD wdk;csJUay;&efESifh yefum? a&'D,dk? rD;vHk;rsm; wyfqifxm;½Sday;&ef? 13/ &efuif;aumvdyf½Sd pm;aomufqdkifwGif pepfwusESifhoefY½Sif;pGm pDrHay;&efESifh trsKd;orD;rsm;twGuf pm; aomufcef; oD;oefYxm;½Sday;&efudk jzpfEdkifonfenf;ESifh tjrefqHk;pDrHay;&ef? 14/ aumvdyf½Sd aeYpOftoHk;jyKaom aomufa&twGuf a&ydkufrsm; ydkrdkwyfqifay;&ef? 15/ aeYausmif;ol^om; oGm;vmrIvG,fulap&ef ausmif;um;rsm;pDpOfay;&ef? 16/ ausmif;wGif vQyfppfacgif;avmif;rsm; xm;½Sday;&ef/ tydkif; (C) ausmif;om;tcGifUta&;tqdkrsm; 17/ oHk;cgusausmif;xkwfpepfudk tjrefqHk;zsufodrf;ypf&ef? 18/ atmufwdkbmausmif;ydwf&ufudk cgwdkif;uJhodkY (1) vydwf&ef? 19/ ArmwjynfvHk;wGif zsufodrf;cHxm;&aom ausmif;om;or*¾rsm;udk tjrefqHk; jyefvnfzGJUpnf;cGifhay;&ef? 20/ ArmwjynfvHk;wGif zrf;qD;cHae&aomausmif;om;rsm;tm; tjrefvTwf&ef? 21/ ausmif;om;rsm;twGuf axmufyHhaMu; ydkrdkoHk;pGJ&ef/

538

Nidrf;csrf;a&; 'Drdkua&pDa&;BudK;yrf;rI - 1957 rS 1958 - 'Drdkua&pDa&; 'Drdkua&pDynma&; Nidrf;csrf;a&; trsdK;om;a&;toGif armfvNrdKifOypmaumvdyftwGuf armfvNrdKifOypmaumvdyfausmif;om;rsm;or*¾rS wifjyaqG;aEG;twnfjyKcJUaom awmif;qdkcsufrsm; tydkif; (u) ynma&;tqdkrsm; 1/ armfvNrdKifOypmaumvdyfudk 'D*&DaumvdyftjzpfodkY (1958-59) ckESpftwGif; wdk;jr§ifhzGifhvSpfay;&ef? 2/ armfvNrdKifOypmaumvdyw f iG f &efuek w f uúov kd rf S oifMum;ydYk csaom bmom&yftm;vH;k udk oifMum;ydYk csay;&ef (Oyrm- jyifopf? *smref? Ak'¨bmom) 3/ avmu"gwfbmom&yfrsm;ESifh ywfoufí vufawGUprf;oyfonfh ypönf;ud&d,mrsm;udk jynfpHkvHkavmufpGm xm;½Sday;&efESifh ausmif;om;OD;a& tcsKd;tpm;tvdkuf xm;½Sday;&ef? 4/ aumvdyfwGif oifMum;ydkYcsay;aeonfh bmom&yfrsm;ESifhqdkifaom pmMunfhwdkufwckudk pmtkyfrsm;jynfhpHkvHk avmufpGmjzifh zGifhvSpfay;&ef? 5/ ausmif;om;OD;a&tvdkuf q&mrsm;cefYxm;ay;&ef? 6/ 0gPdZÆaA'XmewGif enf;jyq&mr½Sdonfjzpfí q&mwa,muf cefYxm;ay;&ef? 7/ t*FvdyfpmXmewGif vufaxmufuxdu q&mwOD; xyfrHcefYxm;&ef? 8/ ½ku©aA'XmewGif enf;jyq&mr½Sdonfjzpfí q&mwa,muf cefYxm;ay;&ef? 9/ ,ckaqmufvkyfqJ aumvdyfausmif;opfBuD;udk tjrefqHk;NyD;pD;atmif aqmufvkyfay;&efESifh vmrnfhESpf ZGefvwGif ajymif;a½TUzGifhvSpfay;&ef? 10/ wuúodkvfaumifpDwdkif;wGif wdkif;&if;om;vlrsKd;pkwdkY\ bmompmayudk oifMum;ydkYcsaomXmersm; zGifhvSpf ay;&ef/ tydkif; (c) ausmif;om;tcGifUta&;tqdkrsm; 11/ jynfe,ftvdu k af y;aom axmufyahH Mu;rsm;udk ausmif;om;OD;a&tvdu k f ESppf Ofw;kd jr§iahf y;&efEiS hf oufqikd &f m odkY awmif;qdkay;&ef? 12/ aumvdyfa&muf ytdk0fhausmif;ol^om;rsm;twGuf oD;oefYaxmufyHhaMu;ay;&ef? 13/ rGefausmif;ol? ausmif;om;rsm;twGuf oD;oefaxmufyHhaMu;ay;&ef? 14/ jrefrmwjynfvHk;wGif zsufodrf;cH&aom ausmif;om;or*¾rsm;udk tjrefqHk; jyefvnfzGJUpnf;cGifhjyK&ef? 15/ jrefrmwjynfvHk;wGif zrf;qD;xm;aom ausmif;om;^olrsm;tm; tjrefqHk;vTwfay;&ef? 16/ (3) cgusausmif;xkwfpepfudk tjrefqHk;zsufodrf;ay;&ef? 17/ atmufwdkbmausmif;ydwf&ufudk ,cifuJhodkY (1) vydwfay;&ef? 18/ ausmif;aqmifrsm;wGif ,cifuJhodkY rD; (24) em&Day;&ef? 19/ wuúodkvfaxmufyHhaMu;udk tvHktavmuf wdk;jr§ifhoHk;pGJay;&ef? 20/ armfvNrdKifOypmaumvdyfodkY tjcm;wuúodkvfESifh aumvdyfrsm;rS cdkifvHkpGmaom ausmif;ajymif;vufrSwfjzifh ajymif;a½TUvmaom ausmif;ol^om;rsm;tm; armfvNrdKifOypmaumvdyfwGif >cif;csufr½Sd vufcH&ef? 21/ ausmif;aqmifae ausmif;ol^om;vufrSwfa&;xdk;&aom uwd0efcHcsufrsm;udk ,cifESpfrsm;uJhodkY ESpfpOf ESpfwdkif; y,fzsufay;&ef? 22/ &efuek w f uúov kd rf mS uJo h Ykd ausmif;aqmifwaqmifwiG f owif;pm (6) apmifEiS hf tjcm;upm;ckepf m;ypön;f rsm; jynfhpHkpGm xm;½Sday;&ef? 23/ armfvNrdKifOypmaumvdyf ausmif;tkyfcsKyfa&;tzGJUwGif ausmif;om;rsm;or*¾ udk,fpm;vS,f (2) OD; yg0ifcGifh jyK&ef? 24/ armfvNrdKifOypmaumvdyf ausmif;aqmifaumfrwDwGif or*¾udk,fpm;vS,f (2) OD; yg0ifcGifhjyK&ef/ tydkif; (*) ausmif;om;oufomacsmifcsda&; 25/ aumvdyfausmif;aqmifopfBuD;ESifhtwl rdef;uav;ausmif;aqmifESifh a,mufsm;av;ausmif;aqmifrsm;udk tjrefqHk; aqmufvkyfay;&ef? 26/ aumvdyfausmif;aqmifopfBuD;ESifhtwl pmMunfhwdkufwck oD;jcm;aqmufvkyfay;&ef? 27/ aumvdyfausmif;aqmifopfBuD;ESifhtwl pmwdkufwck aqmufvkyfay;&ef? 539

jrefrmEdkifiHausmif;om;vIyf&Sm;rIordkif; - atmifxGef; 28/ 29/

&yfpJxm;aom axmufyHhaMu;rsm;udk tjrefqHk; jyefvnfxkwfay;&ef? ausmif;oHk;tjzpf jy|mef;xm;aom pmtkyfrsm;udk aps;EIef;csKdompGmESifh 0,f,l&½Sda&;twGuf oufqdkif&mrS aqmif½Gufay;&ef/

tydkif; (C) usef;rma&; 30/ ynmoifMum;aeaom ausmif;om;^olrsm;tm; &moDtvdkuf umuG,faq;rsm; tcrJhxdk;ay;&ef? 31/ aumvdyfausmif;opfBuD;ESifhtwl ausmif;ol^om;rsm;twGuf oD;jcm;aq;½Hkwck aqmufvkyfay;&ef? 23/ rdef;uav;ausmif;aqmiftwGuf q&m0efrwOD;udk oD;oefYcefYxm;&ef/ tydkif; (i) upm;ckefpm;ESifUtm;upm;a&; 33/ t&nftcsif;jynfh tm;upm;ESifh upm;ckefpm;q&mwOD; oD;oefYxm;½Sday;&ef? 34/ upm;ckefpm;a&;bufwGif vdktyfaomypönf;rsm; vHkavmufpGm xm;½Sday;&ef? 35/ tm;upm;½Hkwck oD;jcm;aqmufvkyfay;&ef/

1/ 2/ 3/ 4/ 5/ 6/ 7/ 8/ 9/ 10/ 11/ 12/ 13/ 14/

1/ 2/ 3/ 4/ 5/

rauG;OypmaumvdyftwGuf rauG;Oypmaumvdyfausmif;om;or*¾rS wifjyaqG;aEG;? twnfjyKcJUaom awmif;qdkcsufrsm; oHk;cgusausmif;xkwfpepfudk y,fzsufay;&ef? 65% ausmif;ac:csdefpepfudk zsufodrf;ay;&ef? axmufyHhaMu;rsm; qufvufay;&ef? rw&m;zsufodrf;cH&aom ausmif;om;or*¾rsm; jyefvnfzGJUpnf;cGifhay;&ef? rauG;OypmaumvdyfwGif jynfhpHkvHkavmufaom yd#uwfwdkufwckxm;ay;&ef? pmoifcef;rsm;wGif rD;ESifhyefumrsm; wyfqifay;&ef? ausmif;ol^om;rsm; em;ae&eftaqmifwdkYwGif ypönf;rsm; vHkavmufpGmxm;½Sday;&ef? tm;upm;½Hkwck aqmufvkyfNyD; ypönf;rsm; tvHktavmufxm;ay;&ef? rauG;OypmaumvdyfwGif &oifh&xdkufaom bmom&yfrsm; pHkvifpGmxm;½Sday;&ef? bmom&yftvdu k f q&m? q&mrrsm; vHak vmufpmG xm;ay;&ef? ¤if;wdYk uv kd nf; tcsed rf aD pvTwf cefYxm;ay;&ef? bmom&yfqdkif&m ypönf;toHk;taqmif pmtkyfpmwrf;rsm; tvHktavmufxm;ay;&ef? aemufxyf trsKd;om;ausmif;aqmifwck aqmufvkyfay;&ef? trsKd;orD; ausmif;aqmifwckudkvnf; tjrefqHk;aqmufvkyfay;&ef? ½SdNyD;jzpfaom trsKd;om;ausmif;aqmifudkvnf; tqifhtwef;rDatmif jyKjyifay;&ef/ (Oyrm- pmtkyfpif? a&csKd;cef;? tdrfomESifh wa,mufwcef;us ae&mcsxm;ay;&ef) ausmufjzLaumvdyf awmif;qdkcsufrsm; ausmufjzLaumvdyfudk tqiftwef;rDí jynfhpHkaom OypmaumvdyftjzpfodkY wdk;jr§ifhay;&ef? ausmufjzLaumvdyfwGif ausmif;ol^om;rsm;twGuf acwfrDaomausmif;aqmifrsm; vHkavmufpGm ay;&ef? odyÜHynmrsm;twGuf vdktyfaom ypönf;ud&d,m wefqmyvmrsm; vHkavmufpGm xm;½Sday;&ef? t&nftcsif;jynfh q&mrsm; vHkavmufpGm cefYxm;ay;&ef? ausmufjzLaumvdyfwGif ynmoifMum;vdkaom ausmif;om;^olrsm;tm; axmufyHhaMu;ay;&ef/

rEåav;wuúokdvftwGuf rEåav;wuúokdvfausmif;om;rsm;or*¾rS wifjyaqG;aEG;? twnfjyKcJhaom awmif;qkdcsufrsm; ynmoifMum;a&;tqkdrsm; 1/ jrefrmpmayXmewGif uxdu (2) OD; wkd;í cefYxm;ay;&efESifh *kPfxl;wef; xm;ay;&ef? 2/ t*FvdyfpmayXmewGif uxdu (1) a,mufESifh vufaxmufuxdu (2) a,muf? enf;jyq&m (5) a,muf wkd;í cefYxm;ay;&ef? 540

Nidrf;csrf;a&; 'Drdkua&pDa&;BudK;yrf;rI - 1957 rS 1958 - 'Drdkua&pDa&; 'Drdkua&pDynma&; Nidrf;csrf;a&; trsdK;om;a&;toGif 3/ 4/ 5/ 6/ 7/ 8/ 9/ 10/ 11/ 12/ 13/ 14/

pdwfynmXmewGif uxdu (2) OD;ESifh enf;jyq&m (1) OD; xyfrH cefYxm;ay;&ef? wuúaA'XmeESifh tbd"r®mXmewGif uxdu (2) OD;ESifh enf;jyq&m (3) OD; xyfrH cefYxm;ay;&ef? blrdaA'XmewGif uxdu (2) a,mufESifh vufaxmufuxdu (4) a,muf wkd;ícefYxm;ay;&efESifh *kPfxl; wef; xm;ay;&ef? jywdkufrS ypönf;rsm; iSm;,lavhvmcGifhjyK&ef? ygPaA'XmewGif Oypm (c) ykdif;ESifh odyÜHwef;rsm;twGuf vufawGUprf;oyf&mwGif ig;? ,kef ponfhrsm;ukd tenf;qkH; (3) Mudrftxd avhvmcGifh&&ef? &mZ0ifXmewGif uxdu (2) OD; xm;½Sday;&ef? ocFsm*kPfxl;wef; zGifhvSpfay;&ef? bDtufpD (tyvdkif;) "gwkaA'wGif uxdu (2) OD; xyfrHcefYxm;&ef? Xmetvdu k f qdik &f mpmMunfw h u kd rf sm;xm;ay;&efEiS hf Xmevdu k q f ikd &f m pmtkypf mwrf;rsm; jynfph pkH mG xm;ay;&ef? oifcef;pm,l&eftwGuf tcef; (40) ygaom ausmif;aqmifBuD;wck aqmufvkyfay;&ef? abm*aA'ESifh 0gPdZÆaA'Xme,lí oD;jcm;Xme wckpD zGifhvSpfay;&efESifh xdkXmersm;wGif uxdu (2) OD;pD xyfrHcefY xm;ay;&ef? r[m0dZÆmESifh r[mynmXme? Oya'r[mXmersm; zGifhvSpfay;&ef? oD;jcm;wuúodkvf *kPft*Fg&yfESifh udkufnDaom tqifhrDoifMum;rIqdkif&m ypönf;rsm;ESifh q&mrsm; xm;½Sday; &ef?

ausmif;om;tcGifUta&; 1/ oHk;cgusausmif;xkwfpepf tjrefqHk;zsufodrf;&ef? 2/ ausmif;om;xk qE´rygaom Oya'rsm; jyefvnf½kyfodrf;&efESifh xyfrHrjy|mef;a&;? 3/ ausmif;om;or*¾rsm; vGwfvyfpGm zGJUpnf;wnf½SdcGifhay;a&;? 4/ zrf;qD;xm;aom ausmif;om;rsm;tm; rn§Of;yef;&efESifh tjrefqHk;vTwfay;&ef? 5/ atmufwdkbmausmif; (1) vydwfay;&ef? 6/ armifatmifarmif;udpöudk w&m;ojzifh qdkif&mrS tjrefqHk;ta&;,l aqmif½Guf&ef/ ynma&;vGwfvyfcGifU 1/ ynmoifMum;rIESifhtkyfcsKyfrIwGif jyifyrS0ifa&mufpGufzufjcif;rjyK&ef? usef;rma&; 1/ wuúov kd af q;½Hw k ck jzpfajrmuf&ef or*¾rS BudK;pm;aeonfukd tpd;k &rS tultnDay;&ef? ausmif;om;OD;a&ESihf nDrQaom q&m0ef? olemjyKrsm;cefYxm;&ef? rNyD;pD;rDumvtwGif; vuf½Sdaq;ay;cef;udk wdk;csJUvsuf q&mr wOD; xyfrHcefYxm;ay;&ef? 2/ wuúodkvfe,fajroefY½Sif;a&;twGuf oufqdkif&mtpdk;& usef;rma&;XmerS tenf;qHk;wv (1) Budrf vm a&muf ppfaq;rIjyKay;&efESifh ausmif;rSowfrSwfxm;onfh twdkif; wywfwBudrf xufrenf; aq;t&m½Sd vma&muf ppfaq;&ef? 3/ ausmif;om;rsm; pm;aomufa&;wGif oefY½iS ;f rItwGuf wuúov kd t f yk cf sKyfa&;tzGUJ rS aqmif½u G f ppfaq;ay;&ef 4/ ausmuf? ykvdyf? wdkufzdGKufa&m*grsm; umuG,fa&;twGuf aq;rsm;udk ESpfpOftcsdefrD BudKwifxdk;ay;&ef/ upm;ckefpm; 1/ ausmif;om;^olrsm;twGuf acwfrDaom oD;oefYtm;upm;½Hk wckpD aqmufvkyfay;&ef? 2/ aeYausmif;ol^om;rsm;twGuf acwfrDaom tyef;ajz&dyfomwckpD aqmufvkyfay;&ef? 3/ upm;ckefpm;ESifhqdkif&m oD;oefYt&m½SdwOD; tjrefqHk;cefYxm;ay;&ef? 4/ ausmif;om;ESifh q&mOD;a& tnDtrQyg0ifaom upm;ckefpm;aumifpDwck zGJUpnf;ay;vsuf upm;ckefpm;rI qdkif&mrsm;udk BuD;Muyfvkyfaqmifay;&ef? 5/ acwfrDa&ul;uef (1) ck aqmufvkyfay;&ef/ 541

jrefrmEdkifiHausmif;om;vIyf&Sm;rIordkif; - atmifxGef; oufomacsmifcsda&; 1/ ausmif;om;rsm; c&D;oGm;vma&;twGuf oufqdkif&mXmersm;rS w0ufcavQmhEIef;ay;&ef? 2/ wuúodkvfwGif oD;jcm;pmwdkuf (1) ck zGifhvSpfay;&ef? 3/ wuúodkvf axmufyHhaMu;rsm;udkqufvufay;&ef/ taxGaxGvdktyfcsufrsm; 1/ wuúodkvfA[dk ausmif;aqmifBuD;atmufrS tpdk;&pdkufysKd;a&;½Hk;rsm; tjrefqHk;a½TUay;&ef? 2/ ausmif;aqmiftkyfcsKyfa&;twGuf ausmif;om;or*¾udk,fpm;vS,frsm;? trIaqmifrsm;yg0ifaom ausmif; aqmif tkyfcsKyfa&;aumfrwDw&yf zGJUay;&ef? 3/ wuúodkvf0if;twGif; vrf;rsm;jyKjyifay;&efESifh vQyfppfrD;vHk;rsm;xGef;n§day;&ef? 4/ Assembly Hall BuD;wck aqmufvkyfay;&ef? 5/ usef;rma&;ESifh udkufnDaom trsKd;orD;? trsKd;om; abmf'gaqmifrsm; wdk;csJUaqmufvkyfay;&ef? 6/ Social Science/ International Relation/ Statistic tp½Sdaom bmom&yfrsm; qdkif&mXmersm; wdk;csJU zGifhvSpfay;&ef? 7/ csif;wGif;aumvdyf tjrefqHk; zGifhvSpfay;&ef/

(i) rEåav;wuúov kd af usmif;om;rsm;or*¾ vIy½f mS ;rIrsm; rEÅav;wuúov kd Bf uD;udk oD;jcm;wuúov kd Bf uD; jzpfajrmufvm&ef q&mr? q&m? rdbjynfo?l ausmif;ol^om; rsm; qE´½Sdí qE´jycJhMuygonf/ rEÅav;wuúodkvfausmif;om;rsm;or*¾onfvnf; twuf
Nidrf;csrf;a&; 'Drdkua&pDa&;BudK;yrf;rI - 1957 rS 1958 - 'Drdkua&pDa&; 'Drdkua&pDynma&; Nidrf;csrf;a&; trsdK;om;a&;toGif aqG;aEG;&m q&mrsm;uvnf; wwfEdkifaomtajctaer½Sdí avmavmq,f ausmif;tkyfcsKyfa&;udpöudkom pOf;pm; aqG;aEG;Muonf/ taqmifrSL; (4) OD;? aiGwdkufpdk;? 0if;rSL;ESifh wuoudk,fpm;vS,f (2) OD;aygif; (8) OD;yg0ifaom ,m,D ausmif;aqmifaumfrwDw&yfudk trsm;oabmwl zGJUpnf;cJhMuonf/ q&mBuD;OD;oef;xGef;u Ouú|? rwuo udk,fpm;vS,fu twGif;a&;rSL; tjzpfaqmif½GufcJhavonf/

(p) ArmEdik if v H ;kH qdik &f m ausmif;om;or*¾rsm;tzGUJ csKyf yÍörtBurd af jrmuf jynfv;kH uRwn f v D mcHBu;D rS qH;k jzwftwnfjyK awmif;qdck surf sm; ynma&;tqdkrsm; 1/ ,aeYvuf½Sd (18) odef;eD;yg; ½Sdaomausmif;om;OD;a&twGuf ynma&;toHk;p&dwfudk 20% xufrenf; wdk;jr§ifhoHk;pGJí ausmif;taqmuftODrsm;? ausmif;oHk;y&dabm*rsm;? ausmif;q&mrsm; vHkavmufpGmay;&efESifh toufarG; 0rf;aMumif; ynm&yfrsm;udk ausmif;wdkif;wGif oifMum;ay;&ef? 2/ EdkifiHawmftpdk;&u owfrSwfxm;aomNrdKUrsm;ESifh r½Sdrjzpfaom NrdKUrsm;wGif Oypmaumvdyfrsm; wnfaxmif ay;&ef? jyXmef;csufrsm; tjrefqHk;taumiftxnfazmfí ½Srf;jynfwGif Oypmaumvdyf (1) ck zGifhvSpfay;&ef? taqmuftOD? ausmif;oH;k ud&, d m? q&mrsm;vHak vmufpmG xm;í bmompHo k ifMum;Edik af &;twGuf pDpOfay;&ef? 3/ ausmif;rsm;wGif trsKd;om;nDñw G af &;? trsKd;om;pm&dwEå iS hf trsKd;om;,Ofaus;rIukd qefYusifaom ausmif;oH;k pmtkyfrsm; rjy|mef;&ef? (Oyrm-jynfaxmifpkyef;wdkifESifh vlxkatmfoHuJhodkYaom pmtkyfrsm;) 4/ (3) wef;rSpí acwfreD nf;pepfjzifh t*Fvyd b f momoif&efEiS hf oif½;kd oifwef; tqift h wef;ESihf udu k n f aD om pmtkyfrsm;udk ausmif;oHk;tjzpf jy|mef;&ef? (Oyrm- wuúodkvf0ifoifwef;rS t*Fvdyfpmtkyf --- aysmuf) 5/ ausmif;q&m? q&mrrsm; vHkavmufpGm wdk;jr§ifhcefYxm;ay;&ef? usef;rma&;tajctaeaMumifh tvkyfrScGifh,l &aom q&m? q&mrrsm;udk vpmtjynfhESifh vHkavmufaom cGifh&ufrsm;ay;&efESifh vpmwdk;jr§ifhay;&ef? 6/ ausmif;q&m? q&mrrsm;cefYtyf&mwGif oufqdkif&m t&nftcsif;ppfaq;rIrsm;rSty jynfxJa&;XmeESifh EdkifiHa&;ygwD toif;tzGJUrsm;rS 0ifa&mufpGufzufjcif; rjyK&ef? 7/ ynma&;Xme vGwv f yfciG u hf kd rpGuzf uf&efEiS hf ausmif;q&m? q&mrrsm;tm; ynmoifMum;a&; wm0efrw S yg; tjcm;rnfonhf vkyif ef;udrk Q tpd;k &tmPmjzifh apcdik ;f jcif; rjyKvky&f ef? (Oyrm- q&mrsm;tm; tpd;k &OD;pD;aom tiftm;jyyGJ tcrf;tem;rsm;odkY wufa&mufapjcif;ESifh ausmif;om;ta&;wGif pGufzufapjcif;) 8/ ausmif;q&mrsm;tm; ausmif;zGifh&uftwGif; ajymif;a½TUojzifh ausmif;om;rsm; pmoifysufapaomaMumifh aEG&moDrSom ajymif;a½TUjcif;rsm; jyKvkyf&ef? 9/ Edik if aH wmf pufrv I ufrv I yk if ef;rsm;½Sad om jrpfi,f? a&eHacsmif;? acsmufNrdKUrsm;wGif pufrv I ufryI nmoifausmif; rsm; zGifhvSpfay;&ef? 10/ ausmif;wGijf y|mef;xm;aom pmtkyrf sm;udk tcrJv h akH vmufpmG iSm;&rf;&efEiS hf jyeftyf&mwGif rw&m;avsmfaMu; rawmif;&ef? 11/ wuúodkvfpmar;yGJwGif t*Fvdyfwbmomwnf; us½IH;aom ausmif;om;rsm;tm; jrefrm (10) wef;atmif vufrSwfxkwfay;&ef? 12/ wuúodkvf0if pmar;yGJaMu;rsm;udk 15d^- rS 10d^- odkYavQmhcsay;&ef? 13/ ausmif;om;? ausmif;olrsm; usef;rma&;twGuf tpdk;&ausmif;wdkif;wGif pma&;ud&d,mrsm;? upm;uGif;rsm;? upm;½Hkrsm;ESifh um,ynmq&m? q&mrrsm;udk vHkavmufpGmcefYxm;ay;&efESifh ausmif;aq;ay;cef;rsm;? aq;ppfjcif; jyKvkyfay;&ef? 14/ avmavmq,foHk;rjzpfatmif ysufpD;,dk,Gif;aeaom ausmif;rsm;tjrefqHk; jyKjyifay;&ef/ ausmif;om;tcGifhta&;tqdk 1/ (u) &uf (30) twGif; or*¾rsm;zsufodrf;&rnf [laom ynma&;XmetrdefYudk jyif;xefpGm ½IwfcsaMumif; (c) or*¾rsm;udk vGwfvyfpGm zGJUpnf;wnfaxmifcGifhjyK&ef? 2/ wjynfvHk;wGif wckwnf;aom ausmif;om;tiftm;pkudk wnfaqmuf&efESifh ausmif;om; opömazmufrsm;udk 543

jrefrmEdkifiHausmif;om;vIyf&Sm;rIordkif; - atmifxGef; 3/ 4/ 5/ 6/ 7/ 8/ 9/ 10/ 11/ 12/

13/ 14/

ausmif;om;avmuwGif 0dkif;y,fxm;&ef? txufwef;ausmif;½Sd NrdKUwdkif;wGif wuúodkvf0ifpmppfXmersm; zGifhvSpfxm;½Sd&ef? rw&m;zrf;qD;xm;aom ausmif;om;rsm;udk tjrefqHk;vTwf&efESifh aemufxyfzrf;qD;jcif; rjyKvkyf&ef? vuf½Sdausmif;om;rsm;ESifh tpdk;&wif;rmrIrsm;udk toif;tzGJUaygif;pHkESifh ausmif;om;udk,fpm;vS,frsm;? tmPmydkifrsm; yg0ifí at;csrf;pGm ajz½Sif;&ef? (u) oHk;cgusausmif;xkwfpepfudk uefYuGufaMumif;? (c) pmar;yGJcsausmif;xkwfpepfudk uefYuGufaMumif;? rw&m;Ncdrf;ajcmufjcif;rsm; rjyKvkyf&efESifh rw&m;aom taMumif;jycsufESifh ausmif;xkwfcH&aom ausmif; om;rsm;udk tjrefqHk; ausmif;jyefoGif;&efESifh aemufaemif þodkYrjyKusifh&ef? ausmif;om;xkqE´rygbJ jyKvkyx f m;onfh zdEydS cf sKyfcs,rf rI sm;jzpfaom rw&m;ausmif;pnf;urf;rsm; zsuo f rd ;f ay;&efESifh ausmif;om;xkqE´ESifh udkufnDonfh pnf;urf;rsm; owfrSwfay;&ef? ausmif;ydw&f uftwGi;f rdb&yfxjH yefvakd om ausmif;om;rsm;tm; wuúov kd af usmif;om;rsm; enf;wl tpd;k & ydkif ,mOf? &xm; ponfrsm;wGif toGm;tjyefw0ufc &½Sd&ef? [,f&w D efusqH;k jcif;ESihf ywfoufonfh tpD&ifcf pH mudk wdik ;f jynfoYkd tjrefq;kH azmfxw k w f ifjy&efEiS hf w&m;cH rsm;tm; tjypfay;&ef? ausmif;oHk;ypönf;rsm; aps;EIef;oufompGmESifh oufqdkif&mwdkYu wm0ef,ljzefYcsday;&ef? w&m;ojzifh wnfaxmifzGJUpnf;xm;aom ausmif;om;or*¾rsm;udk 0ifa&muf aESmifh,SufzsufpD;jcif; rjyK&ef? vGwv f yfpmG zGUJ pnf;wnfaxmifciG hf ay;&efEiS hf w&m;ojzifah wmif;qdak om ausmif;om;qE´ukd todtrSwjf yKí tkyfcsKyfa&; tzGJUrsm;wGif ausmif;om;udk,fpm;vS,frsm; yg0ifcGifhjyK&ef? ynma&;qdkif&mvGwfvyfcGifh rcsKyfcs,f&ef? wuúov kd 0f ifpmar;yGu J kd owfrw S x f m;aom toufjynfo h w l ikd ;f tm; rnforl qdk tuefYtowfr½Sd 0ifa&muf ajzqdkcGifhjyK&ef/

(3) trsKd;om;a&;tqdkrsm; 1/ jynfwGif;ppfudk awGUqHkaqG;aEG;jcif;jzifh &yfpJ&ef yefMum;aMumif;? 2/ BuD;rm;aeaom ukefaps;EIef;rsm; csay;&efESifh vGwfvyfpGm ukeful;oef;cGifh rydwfyif&ef? 3/ jynfaxmifpkjrefrmEdkifiHtwGif;ü rw&m;zdESdyfcsKyfcs,fonfh Oya'rsm;udk tjrefqHk;½kyfodrf;&efESifh 'Drdkua&pD tcGifhta&;rsm;udk jyefvnfay;tyf&ef? 4/ t*Fvdyf? tar&duefvuf0g;BuD;tkyf t&if;½Sifpepfzsufodrf;í trsKd;om; tusKd;pD;yGm;wnfaxmif&ef 5/ trsKd;om; jynfolvlxk aoG;pnf;nDñGwfa&;jzifh e,fcsJUorm;tpdk;&wdkY\ pD;yGm;a&;? EdkifiHa&;? ppfa&;? zdESdyfusL;ausmfrIwdkYudk [efYwm;um wm;qD;Mu&ef? 6/ (u) urÇmhNidrf;csrf;a&; xdef;odrf;umuG,f&ef? (c) tEkjrL? [dkuf'½dk*sifAHk;ESifh EsL;uvD;,m;AHk;rsm;? tqdyfydk;rTm;AHk;rsm; prf;oyfjcif;rsm;? toHk;jyKjcif;rsm;udk wm;qD;ydwfyif&efESifh vufeufavQmhaygha&;rsm; jyKvkyf&ef? 7/ udkvdkeDpepf qefYusifwdkufzsuf&ef? 8/ jrefrm-tpöa&;pmcsKyft& ½Srf;jynfwGif qefpyg;pdkufysKd;vkyfudkif&ef MuH½G,fcsufudk uefYuGufaMumif;? 9/ tm½S-tmz&du nDvmcHqHk;jzwfcsufrsm;udk axmufcHaMumif;? 10/ (6) Budrfajrmuf urÇmhvli,fausmif;om;yGJobifBuD;tm; BudKqdkaxmufcHaMumif;ESifh ArmjynfrS wufa&muf rnfh udk,fpm;vS,ftzGJUtm; EdkifiHul;vufrSwfrsm; xkwfay;&ef? 11/ puFmyl? rav;½Sm;? qdu k yf &yf? t,f*sD;,m;Edik if rH sm;ESihf ¤if;ausmif;om;rsm;tm; e,fcsJU t&if;½Sit f pd;k &rsm;u zdESdyfowfjzwf n§Of;yef;jcif;udk jyif;xefpGm ½IwfcsuefYuGufí þtjyKtrlrsm;udk tjrefqHk;&yfpJ&ef/ (4) taxGaxGtqdk 1/ {&m0wDwdkif;? ½Srf;jynfvHk;qdkif&m ausmif;om;nDvmcHBuD;ESifh &efukefc½dkif? jynfc½dkif? zsmyHkc½dkif? rHk½Gmc½dkif ausmif;om;nDvmcHrsm;rS tqdkrsm;udk axmufcHaMumif;? 544

Nidrf;csrf;a&; 'Drdkua&pDa&;BudK;yrf;rI - 1957 rS 1958 - 'Drdkua&pDa&; 'Drdkua&pDynma&; Nidrf;csrf;a&; trsdK;om;a&;toGif 2/

tvGwfynmoifausmif;q&mrsm; nDvmcHrS qHk;jzwfcsufrsm;udk axmufcHaMumif;/

(5) ausmif;om;nDñGwfa&;tqdk ausmif;om;r*¾rsm; wnfwHhcdkifjrJa&;ESifh ausmif;om;tcGifhta&; umuG,fa&;twGuf wyfOD;? 'Dtufpftdk? &Jacgifpaom rnfonfh ausmif;om;tzGJUtpnf;rsm;ESifhrqdk ausmif;om;tzGJUtpnf;tm;vHk;ESifh yl;aygif;aqmif½Guf&ef/ 1958 ckESpf? Zlvdkifv (15) &ufaeYpGJjzifhvnf; ArmEdkifiHvHk;qdkif&mausmif;om;or*¾tzGJUcsKyfrS zsufodrf;jcif; cH&jcif;ESifh ausmif;xkwfcHcJh&aom ausmif;om;ta&;ESifh ywfoufí aMunmcsufwapmif xkwfjyefcJhonf/

xkwjf yefaMunmcsuf (3^58) 14? 7? 58 aeYpGJjzifh ynma&;0efBuD;XmerS ausmif;xkwfcH&aom ausmif;om;ta&;ESifh ywfoufí xkwfjyef aMunmcsufwapmifudk owif;pmwGif awGU½Sd&ayonf/ ¤if;xkwfjyefaMunmcsufwGif 1956 ck ausmif;om;or*¾ta&;ü ausmif;xkwfjcif;cH&aom ausmif;om; rsm;tm; csrf;omcGifhay;í ausmif;jyefaecGifhay;rnf[laom tcsufrsm;\ tESpfom&rSm ausmif;om;rsm;onf ,cifvyk cf o hJ rQ vkyif ef;rsm;wGif rSm;,Gi;f cJyh gonf? tjypf½cdS yhJ gonf/ xdrk mS ;,Gi;f tjypf½cdS o hJ rQtwGuf 0efcsawmif; yefygonf[al om t"dygÜ ,fEiS hf aemufaemifwiG f rnfonfv h yk if ef; vIy½f mS ;rIrsm;udrk S rjyKvkyaf wmhyg[k uwd0efccH suf ay;&rnfh t"dyÜg,foabmrsm;yg½Sd aeygonf/ AuotzGJUcsKyfoabmrSm 1956 ckESpf or*¾udk EdkifiHawmftpdk;&u rw&m;zsuford ;f cJ&h mwGif ausmif;om;xku rdrt d m;ud;k &m trdor*¾rsm;twGuf Oya'twGi;f rS 'Dru kd a&pDuspGmjzifh vIyf½Sm;umuG,fMujcif;jzpf&m EdkifiHawmf zGJUpnf;yHktajccHOya'rS ay;tyfaom 'Drdkua&pDtcGifhta&;rsm;jzpfonfh or*¾xlaxmifcGifhudk ½dkufcsKd;zsufqD;½HkrubJ 'Drdkua&pDtcGifhta&;rsm;&,lvdkonfh ausmif;om;rsm;tm; ausmif; xkwfjcif;? zrf;qD;jcif;rsm;jzifh rw&m;zdESdyfjcif;udkyif tmPmydkifrsm;ujyKusifhcJhjcif;? usL;vGefcJhjcif; jzpfayonf/ xdkuJhodkY tmPmydkifrsm;u usL;vGefrSm;,Gif;cJhaom 'Drdkua&pDcsKd;zsufrItjypfrsm;udk rdrdwdkYuwm0efr,lbJ ausmif; om;tay:odkY yHkcsjcif;rSm rvkyfxdkufaom jyKrlcsufjzpfayonf/ ausmif;om;xkrSm 1/ rdrdwdkYw&m;0if tm;udk;&mor*¾udkvnf; rw&m;zsufqD;jcif;cHcJh&onf/ 2/ vlñGefYwHk;atmif ausmif;rSxkwfy,fjcif;udkvnf; cHcJh&onf/ 3/ ,ckwzef tjypfr½SdtrSm;rusL;vGefcJhygbJeJY 0efcsawmif;yefOD;rnfqdkvQif rnfrQxdepfemaernfudk rdbjynfolrsm;u pOf;pm;apcsifygonf/ xdkaMumifh Auorsm;tzGJUcsKyfrS rdbjynfolrsm;ESifh ausmif;xkwfcH&aom ausmif;om;rsm;tm;vHk;tm; wifjyvkdonfrSm tedrfhqHk;tjzpf wlnDxm;onhf atmufygrlrsm;twdkif; vkyfaqmif&rnf jzpfonf/ 1/ atmufü vufrw S af &;xd;k ol wynfrh sm;onf q&m^rrsm;ESihf a½S;tcgu ausmif;om;ta&;ESihf ywfoufí y#dyu©jzpfcJhzl;Muygonf/ xdkodkYjzpf&onfhtwGuf uRefawmfwdkY wynfhrsm;u 0rf;enf;ygonf/ 2/ uRefawmfwdkYwynfhrsm;onf ZGefv (24) &ufaeYu a&'D,dkrS aMunmxm;aom 0efBuD;csKyf\ rdefYcGef;wGif tpdk;&ESifh ausmif;ol^om;wdkYonf ausmif;om;ta&;ESifh ywfoufaomudpörsm;wGif ajz½Sif;Mu&mü twdkuftcHvkyfí rajz½Sif;bJ q&m&if;? wynfh&if;wdkYvdk &if;&if;ESD;ESD; ajz½Sif;rnfqdkonfhrludk uRefawmfwdkYonf >cif;csufr½Sd vufcHMuygonf/ aemiftzdkYwGif ausmif;om;udprö sm;ay:aygufvmwdkif; tmPmydkifrsm;ESifh uRefawmfwdkYausmif;om; acgif; aqmifrsm; wynfhrsm;onf wOD;ESifhwOD;y#dyu©jzpfí ajz½Sif;jcif;rsKd;r[kwfbJ q&m&if;? wynfh&if;uJhodkU &if;&if; ESD;ESD; ajz½Sif;jcif;rsKd;jzifh ajz½Sif;ygrnf[k uRefawmfwdkY av;eufpGm uwdjyKygonf/ 3/ uReaf wmfwYkdonf ausmif;pnf;urf;Oya'rsm;udk vdu k ef m½dak oygrnf[í l xyfraH v;eufpmG uwdjyKygonf/ txufygrl (3) csuft&omvQif rSeu f efw&m;rQwí taumif;qH;k aomtajctae jzpfEikd rf nf[k ,HMk unf ojzifh txufygrltwdkif; vkyfaqmifMu&efESifh ausmif;jyefaecGifh&a&; BudK;yrf;Mu&ef rdbjynfolrsm;ESifh ausmif;xkwf cHae&aom ausmif;ol^om;rsm;tm; today; xkwfjyefaMunmtyfygonf/ 545

jrefrmEdkifiHausmif;om;vIyf&Sm;rIordkif; - atmifxGef;

(q) 1958 OD;EkEiS hf ausmif;om;qufqaH &; tmPmudk vuf½Sd&xm;onfh 0efBuD;csKyfOD;Eku 1958 ck? ZGefvwGif ArmhtoHrSaeí ]tpdk;&eJh ausmif;om; qufqaH &;wif;rmcJw U ,f? raumif;bl;/ 'Dtpd;k &eJh ausmif;om; qufqaH &;ysujf ym;&mrSm ausmif;om;awGrmS yg wm0ef½w dS ,f/ tpdk;&[m vlBuD;awGjzpfwJUtwGuf ydkNyD;wm0ef½Sdw,f} [k rdefYcGef;ajymMum;cJhonf/ 1958 ck? atmufwdkbmv (2) &ufaeYwGif OD;Eku bGJUESif;obifcef;rü ]usKyef hJ ausmif;om;xkqufqaH &;udk topfajymif;vJvu kd w f UJ aehupNy;D ausmif;om;xk&YJ apwemawG[m usKyt f ay:rmS b,fvw kd ;kd wuf rsm;jym;vmw,fqw kd m usKyt f xl;ajymzdrhk vdb k ;l } [k rdefYcGef;ajymí 0efBuD;csKyfOD;Ekonf ausmif;om;wdkYtm; rdrdtrSm;rsm;udk 0efcHí ausmif;om; rsm;ESifh qufqHa&; ajymif;vJvdkufonf/ ynma&;ESD;aESmzvS,fyGJBuD;udkvnf; ausmif;om;rsm; udk,fwdkifOD;pD; usif;yí usyfaiG 50000d^- cGifhjyKcJhonf/ 1953 ck? atmufwdkbmvrSpí (15) &ufom ydwfcGifhjyKcJhonfudkvnf; jyefvnf ½kyfodrf;NyD; 1958 ckESpfrSpí atmufwdkbm (1) vausmif;ydwfcJhonf/

(Z) Ek-wif^aqGNird ;f tuJt G jyEJ iS hf or*¾rsm; zqyvtwGif; Ek-wifESifh aqG-Nidrf;tuGJtjyJ wGif ausmif;om;rsm;u aMunmcsufrsm; xkwfjyefuefYuGuf cJhonf rsm;½Sdonf/ ArmEdkifiHvHk;qdkif&mausmif;om;rsm;or*¾ (Auorsm;tzGJUcsKyf) trIaqmiftzGJUuvnf; arv (13) &ufaeYwGif aMunmcsuf xkwfjyefcJhonf/ ¤if;aMunmcsufwGifEk-wifacgif;aqmifaomtkyfpku1/ Mum;ae0g'udk wduspGmvdkufemusifhoHk;rnf/ 2/ jynfwGif; Nidrf;csrf;a&;twGuf zqyvnDvmcHrdefYcGef;udk taumiftxnfazmfrnf/ 3/ 'Drdkua&pDtcGifhta&;rsm; tjynfht0ay;rnf/ 4/ vlrsKd;pkta&;ESifhywfoufí w&m;rQwpGmjzpf&rnf[k aMunmcJhayonf/ aqG-Nidr;f acgif;aqmifaomtkypf u k zqyvwnfjrJa&;wnf;[laom wygwDtzGUJ tpnf;w&yf\ ta&;udo k m wifjyNyD; wdkif;jynfta&;jzpfaom vGwfvyfa&;? 'Drdkua&pDa&;? Nidrf;csrf;a&;wdkYtwGuf tmrcHcsufray;[k Auorsm; tzGJUcsKyfu ,lqonf/ xdkYaMumifh 'Drdkua&pDjrwfEdk;aom AuotzGJYcsKyfonf OD;Ekacgif;aqmifaom zqyvtzGJYudk axmufcHaMumif; azmfjyonf/ Auorsm;tzGJUcsKyfESifh ausmif;om;nDñGwfa&;wyfOD;rS tmPm&½Sdxm;aom &efukefwuúodkvfausmif;om; rsm;or*¾ wuorSvnf; (oefY½Sif;aom) zqyvtzGJUudk axmufcHaMumif; aMunmcJhonf/ ¤if;wdkYu qdk½S,fvpf wdYk onf ausmif;om;avmuwGif ausmif;om;rsm;udk aoG;cGu J m 'Dtufpt f Ekd iS hf &Jacgifrsm;udk zGUJ pnf;cJo h nf/ aqGNidr;f tzGUJ rsm;onf tjyKwfwdkufa&;udk a
Nidrf;csrf;a&; 'Drdkua&pDa&;BudK;yrf;rI - 1957 rS 1958 - 'Drdkua&pDa&; 'Drdkua&pDynma&; Nidrf;csrf;a&; trsdK;om;a&;toGif 3/ avmavmq,f wkid ;f jynftajctaeukd xde;f odr;f &ef wyfrawmfEiS hf &Jrw S yg; tjcm;vufeufuikd w f yfrsm; (Oyrm- jyLapmxD;? umuG,fa&;? vQyfppfvkHjcHKa&;wyfrsm;) ponfwkdYukd ygvDref&ufrwkdifrD tjrefqkH; zsufodrf;&ef/ 1958 ck? pufwifbmv (28) &ufwiG f wuotaqmuftODü Auorsm;tzGUJ csKyf? &uo? wuorSMuD;rSL; í trIaqmifrsm; awGUqkHum ]ppfwyfrS tmPmodrf;jcif;ESifUywfoufí oabmxm;} xkwfjyefaMunm&mwGif],aehjzpfay:aeaom ta&;udpöonf wrsKd;om;vkH;\ ta&;udpöjzpfaMumif;? rNidrfoufívnf;aumif;? w&m;rQwaom a½G;aumufyt JG wGuv f nf;aumif; ppfwyfrS tmPmodr;f &onf[al om taMumif;jycsurf mS rckid v f aHk Mumif;? ppfwyfrS tmPmodr;f onft U wGuf Nird ;f csr;f a&;ukd tvSr;f a0;apNy;D ? Nird ;f csr;f a&;rvkv d m;aom aqGNird ;f ESiUf e,fcso YJ rm;wk\ hd tvku d sjzpfapaMumif;? ,if;okhd tmPmodr;f jcif;rsK;d ukd cGijUf yKvQif tmPmukjd ynfox Yl rH rS [kwb f J t"r®tmPmodr;f onfU tpOftvmay:vmrnf jzpfaMumif;ESiUf 'Dru kd a&pDtcGit Uf a&;rsm;ukd twm;tqD;jzpfvmrnf jzpfaMumif;} azmfjyxm;onf/ 1958 ck? pufwifbmv (29) &ufwGif Auorsm;tzGJUcsKyf? wuo? &uo wkdYrS ]wkev f yI af csmufjcm;atmif rvkyfygESifU} [laomacgif;pOfjzifh aMunmcsufxkwfjyef&mwGifpufwifbmv (26) &ufaehwGif OD;Eku AkdvfcsKyfae0if;tm; tmPmvTJajymif;ay;rnf[k aMunmNyD;aemuf ArmUwyfrawmfrS armfvNrKd i?f jynfNrKd rY sm;wGif Ekid if aH &;orm;rsm;ukd zrf;qD;jcif;? a&vrf;? uke;f vrf;wavQmuf toGm;tvm rsm;ukd &yfwef½h mS azGjcif;wko hd nf jynfow l t hdk m; wkev f yI af jcmufjcm;aponft U jyif vGwv f yfpmG zGpYJ nf;? pnf;½k;H a[majymjcif;ukd csKycf s,jf cif;onf ppftmPmykid t f yk pf ;dk a&;okhd ykahd qmifay;jcif; jzpfaeonft U wGuf oufqidk &f mrS&yfqidk ;f ay;&ef awmif;qkd ygonf/ 1958 ck? pufwifbmv (30) &ufaeY or*¾BuD; (3) ckrS OD;pD;NyD; ausmif;om;xk tpnf;ta0;yGJ w&yfudk wuotaqmuftODü usif;yonf/ ,if;tpnf;ta0;wGif1958 ck? pufwifbmv (28) &ufaeY aeYpyJG g or*¾BuD; (3) ck\ ]ppfwyfrS tmPmodr;f jcif;ESihf ywfoufaom oabmxm;} [laom aMunmcsufuakd xmufcaH Mumif; tqdw k ifoiG ;f &m &JacgiftzGUJ 0ifausmif;om;rsm;jzpfaom udck u kd f a½TvS tygt0if (4) OD;u uefYuGufaomfvnf; trsm;pku axmufcHMu&m tqdkrSmtwnf jzpfoGm;onf/ nae (2) em&DcGJ tcsdef tpnf;ta0;tNyD;wGif bwfpfum; (26) pD;jzifh NrdKUwGif;odkY vSnfhvnfqE´jy&if;]wyfrawmf0if rpGufeJh? wyfrawmfudk ckwHk;rvkyfeJh} ]wyfrawmftpOftvm xdef;Mu} ]Ncdrf;ajcmufNyD; tmPmrodrf;eJh} ]vufeufjzifUtmPmodrf;wm uefhuGufMu} ]e,fcsJYtMuHtpnf wm;qD;Mu} ]'Drdkua&pDtcGifUta&; umuG,fMu} ]jynfolhtmPm jynfolhjyeftyf} ]jynfwGif;Nidrf;csrf;a&; t&,lMu} wuo? Auorsm;tzJcYG sKy?f &uo (3) zJaYG ygi;f um ]zrf;xm;olawG tjrefvTwf} pnf;a0;uefu h u G í f ,ckuo UJ hkd vSnv Uf nfqE´jycJo U nf ]ausmif;om;ESifUjynfol vufwGJMu} Source: Oway Magazines

(0JbufrS pa&vQif wwd,ajrmuf- Ouú| udck ifarmiftek ;f )

547

jrefrmEdkifiHausmif;om;vIyf&Sm;rIordkif; - atmifxGef; -paom a
(ps)

1958 ck 'DZifbmv (2) &ufaeh bGUJ ESi;f obifcef;rü rdeMhf um;aom wuúov kd t f "dywd Edik if aH wmf0efMu;D csKyf Adv k cf sKyaf e0if;\ rdechf eG ;f tESpcf sKyf

(1)

(2)

(3)

ausmif;om;avmurSm pnf;urf;rJhaew,f? ausmif;BuD;udkrD;½IdUcsifwJh ausmif;om;rsKd;[m olwdkYvlBuD;jzpfwJh acwfa&muf&if b,fvw kd ikd ;f jynfrsKd; zefw;D r,fqw kd m rawG;0Hb h ;l / usKyftpd;k &vufxufrmS pnf;urf;ao0yf rI&atmif tkwfjrpfcscJhr,f/ 'grSvnf; rif;wdkYaemifa&;eJY wdkif;jynfaemifa&;twGuf aumif;vmr,f/ Armausmif;om;awG vGwv f yfa&;wdu k yf rJG mS a½SUqH;k uaeyg0ifcw hJ ,f/ tajctaeuvnf; 'Dvykd grSjzpfw,f/ olwdkYuvnf; tm;udk;&ma&mufatmif aqmif½GufcJhw,f/ vGwfvyfa&;&NyD; ausmif;om;awG&JUwm0ef[m ynmoifMum; zdkYyJ/ ynmrwwf&if ta&;rBuD;bl;qdk&if rSm;wJhtawG;tac:yJ/ EdkifiHa&;orm;awGuvnf; ausmif;om;ta&jcHKNyD; ausmif;om;awG&JU ynmoifysufatmif rvkyfMueJY/ 'Dvdk EdkifiHa&;orm;awGawGU&if jyif;jyif;xefxef ta&;,l&rnf/ 'DaeYbGJU,lNyD; ausmif;om;avmuu xGufoGm;rJh yk*d¾KvfawGtwGufjzpfw,f? 'D*&D&&ifNyD;wmyJqdkNyD; urÇmY tqifhtwef;udk rrDao;bl;/

(n) 1957- 58 td;k a0r*¾Zif; (armifo[ D ) aqmif;yg;

wuúov kd ef ,fajrrS e,fcsaYJ jcukwpf cef; wuúodkvfe,fajrodkY ra&muf&onfrSm Mumovdkvdk pdwfxJwGif½Sdonf/ trSefpifppf (1) vMumrQom ½Sdao;onf/ rdk;zGJzGJav;rsm; cyfyg;yg;MuJcsaeaom weHeufcif;wGif wuúodkvfe,fajrqDodkY csOf;uyfcJhonf/ OD;pGmyxr wuo pm;aomufqdkifBuD;xJodkY 0ifoGm;rdonf? eHeufapmapm (7) em&DcGJavmufwGif wuoacgif;aqmiftcsKdU 0dkif;zGJUí vÇuf&nf aomufaeMuonfudkvnf; owd&rdonfu waMumif;? ajcvsifavQmuf&aom 'PfaMumifh 0rf;[maeonfudk jznfhwif;&ef 0ifvmcJhjcif; jzpfonf/ NyD;awmh½Sdao;onf? wuúodkvfavmuESifh ArmEdkifiHavmuwvTm;\ vIyf½Sm;rIowif;rsm;udkvnf; Mum;Edkifonfjzpfí wckckawmh xl;wmqef;wm Mum;&rSmyJ[laom n§dKUuvnf; &pfywfae\/ w,faxmifwJU tar&duef vÇuf&nfqdkifzGifhprdkY vÇuf&nfwcGufaomufEdkif&ef a&aEG;qlatmif apmifh&jyefonf/ pm;yGJay:rS wckaomowif;pm pkwfudk qGJ,lMunfhrdonf/ wrsufESmrS wrsufESmul;í MunfhvQifyif owif;pmaxmifhwae&mü tar&duefjyefMum;a&;Xme rSxkwfa0rnfh vif;a&mifjcnfr*¾Zif;BuD; xGufawmhrnf/ Zlvdkifv (1) &ufaeYuyif c½dkif&mZ0wfw&m;olBuD;xHrS trdefY pm&NyD;/ Armhpmayacgif;aqmifBuD;rsm; b,folb,f0gawG a&;Murnfqdkaom aMumfjimcsufav;udk awGUjrifzwf½Irdygonf/ onfaMumfjimcsufav;udkyif rsufawmifrcwfEdkifbJ pl;pl;pdkufpdkufMunfhaerd&if; ]w,fNyD; tar&duefawG axmifaeygvm;} [k wifpm;rdygonf/ vÇuf&nfwcGufvmcsrSyif tpOf;pm;&yfoGm;onf/ rMumrDyif rdwfaqGtcsKdUESifh wuoacgif;aqmifwOD; a&mufvm onf/ vÇuf&nf0dkif; zGJUrdawmhonf/ reufapmapmpD;pD; wuúodkvfe,fajrtwGif;odkY a&mufvmjcif;udk trsKd;rsKd;ajymqdk aemufajymifMuNyD;aemuf uRefawmf awGUjrifcHpm;rdaom tar&duefjyefMum;a&; aMumfjimtaMumif; ed'gef;ysKd;rdonf/ onfuyifpí wuúodkvfe,fajrtwGif;odkY usL;ausmf0ifa&mufvmaom tar&dueftEÅ&m,frsm;txd pum;abmifus,foGm;onf/ [kwfayonf/ ,aeYwuúodkvfBuD;wGif ynma&;Muyfwnf;rIomru wuúodkvfBuD;tm; &pfoef;zHk;vGrf;oGm;rnfh tar &duef tEÅ&m,frsm;uvnf; Ncdrf;ajcmufaeayonf/ 0g½SifwefcHwyfBuD; wuúodkvfe,fajrudk yHkqGJMunfhvQif tawmfyif pdwfxdcdkufrdonf/ tar&duefwdkY\ ajcukwfpcef;rsm;ESifh &Ha½Gvsuf wuúodkvfBuD;onf Mum½Snf pnfyifEdkiftHhavm[lívnf; oHo,jzpfrdonf/ ta½SUuqDrS wuúodkvfodkYvm&m vrf;rBuD;

548

Nidrf;csrf;a&; 'Drdkua&pDa&;BudK;yrf;rI - 1957 rS 1958 - 'Drdkua&pDa&; 'Drdkua&pDynma&; Nidrf;csrf;a&; trsdK;om;a&;toGif (wuúodkvf&dyfomvrf;) eHab;wGif tar&duefaysmfpH&dyfNidrf 0g½SifwefygwfBuD;udk cHwyf0if;BuD;ozG,f awGUjrif&onf/ tif;vsm;vrf;ra&mufcif bDtdkpDrefae*sm rpöwmvufzf½GdKif;\ aetdrf½Sd&modkYoGm;onfh vrf;ajrmifuav; (Green Bank) axmifhwGif jrefrm-tar&duef,Ofaus;rItoif;\ {&mrtaqmuftOD tkwfjrpfrsm; awGU&awmhonf/ xdkrS taemufzuf wac:rQoma0;onfhae&m tif;vsm;axmifhwGifum; tar&duefjyefMum;a&;Xme\ 0g'jzefYjyyGJrSeforQ cif;usif;&ef aqmufvkyfxm;aom (Gerdesic Doom) ac: EdkifvGef½Gufxnf½HkBuD;udk awGU&onf/ tif;vsm;vrf;awmifESifh ajrmufydkif;wGif um;vrf;awGU&onf/ 1957 ckESpfu wckaom taqmuftODwGif t*FvdyfaeYpOf owif;pmq&mBuD;wOD;u uGefjrLepfqefYusifa&;w&m;a[mNyD; uGefjrLepfqefaomwyfOD;tm; rJray;&efa[majymcJhonfudk owif;pmxJwGif zwfrdMu vdrfhrnf/ ,if;azmfjyygXmersm;rSaeí jrefrmjynf½Sd tar&duefwdkYonf jynfwGif;a&;udk pGufzufajc½Iyfvsuf ½Sdonf/ jynfvrf; rBuD;\ wckwnf;aom jcHtwGif;üum tm½Sta½SUawmifydkif;qdkif&m tar&duefajc½IyfEdkifa&;? uGefjrLepfqefYusifa&; tkwfjrpfcsa&;tzGJU (0g) tm½Sazmifa';&Sif;vkyfief;wnf&m ½Hk;BuD;½Sdao;onf/ tar&duefaumif;yHkawG t"du þXmeBuD;ESifh tar&duefjyefMum;a&;XmewdkYyl;aygif;um tEl;nHhqHk; yHkoP²mefrsm;jzifh wuúodkvfe,fajrwGif tar&duefyHkpHoGif;? 0g'jzefYvkyfief;rsm; wGifwGifBuD; vkyfudkifaeMuonf/ ]tar&duef,Ofaus;rI qdkonfum;} ]tar&duef ynm[lonf} ]tar&duefulnDrI t&mwdkhum;} wdkYESifhcsnf; 0g'jzefYvsuf½Sdonf/ xdk0g'jzefYcsufrsm;üyif tar&duefom urÇmYrdwfaqGppf? urÇmY&efolum; uGefjrLepfpaom 0g'jzefYrIwdkYrSm zHk;uG,fír&Edkif/ (Family of Man) avmuZmwfcHk "gwfyHkjyyGJwckwGif vljzpf&mrS cspfcifMuifem arwåmwG,fNidyHk? vltpOftquf aygufzGm;yHk BuD;jyif;vmyHk? ausmif;om;? tvkyform;b0ponfh usifvnfBuD;xGm;vmMu&aom tqifhqifhb0rsm;udk jyocJh&mwGif ]a'gopdwjf zifU awmfveS Mf u&mü} [laom acgif;pOf"gwfyHkwGif [efa*&DwefjyefawmfvSefa&; owif;"gwfyHkum; jy\/ uGefjrLepfrsm;\ n§Of;yef;'Pfudk rcHEdkifí tHk
549

jrefrmEdkifiHausmif;om;vIyf&Sm;rIordkif; - atmifxGef; bD;vl;pnf; vlpnf;uGJNyD; tpDtpOfuav;qdkonfu wuúodkvfor*¾ESifh,SOfNydKifEdkif&ef ausmif;om;rsm;twGuf pm;aomufqdkiftaqmuftODwck zGifhvSpfa&;tpDtpOfyif jzpfonf/ wuúodkvfor*¾acgif;aqmifrsm;tm; jzm;a,mif;&efjzpf\/ onftpDtpOf atmifjrifvQif azmifa';½Sif;\taxmuftyHhjzifh wif;epf? bufwrifwefupm;uGif; taqmuftODwck aqmufay;rnf[k avypfxm;jcif; jzpfonf/ upm;ckefpm;bufwGif wuúodkvftmPmydkifwdkYu ausmif;om;rsm;tm; tar&duefodrf;oGif;a&;jzpfaom (pm; aomuf0if;? uifwif;) zGifhEdkifvQif upm;uGif;taqmuftODudk yGJctjzpfay;&ef ,kwfrmaomtMuHjzpfonf/ ygarmu©wOD;ESifh t&m½SdwOD;u acR;'D;'D;usatmif wuoacgif;aqmifrsm;tm; ac:,laqG;aEG;\/ wuorS vufrcHrS tm;avQmhoGm;&aom tjzpfuav;rSm rarhEdkifacs/ þodkY tajctaeqdk;rsm;teuf txl;ta&;tBuD;qHk;tcsufrSm ygarmu©csKyfudk,fwdkifonfyif tm½Sazmifa';½Sif;? zdkY'fazmifa';½Sif;wdkYü ta&;ygaom tzGJU0ifwOD;jzpfaeNyD; ,if;azmifa';½Sif;wdkYrS ay;orQtcGifhta&;wdkYudk,lum wuúodkvf ü tjrJaeonfr½SdawmhbJ (1) ESpfwGif (10) vcefY EdkifiHjcm;rsm;üom tcsdefukefaejcif;jzpfonf/ pHkprf;od½Sd&oavmufrSm þodkY tar&dueftaxmuftyHhrsm;jzifh EdkifiHjcm;odkYvSnfhvnfaejcif;twGuf zdwfac:csufrStp tcGifhta&;&yHkwdkYudk wuúodkvftkyfcsKyfa&; tmPmtydkifqHk;jzpfaom wuúodkvfaumifpDudk rwifjyjcif;jzpfonfqdkonf/ þudpötwGuf tawmf yif*,uf½dkufaeonf/ tar&dueftaxmuftyHhjzifh pm;aejcif;udk cGifhjyKxm;csufaMumifh wuúodkvfaumifpDwGif tjypfBuD; av;pGm usa&mufaeavonf/ tar&duefwdkY wuúodkvfe,fajrü ajc½Iyfaejcif;udk tao;pdwfazmfjy&vQif qHk;tHhrxifaom tajctaeodkY a&muf½SdaeNyD;jzpf&m wuúodkvfausmif;om; avmuBuD;twGuf wuoonf t"duwm0ef½Sdonfhenf;wl wuúodkvfavmuBuD;wckvHk;twGuf wuúodkvfaumifpDu txl;wm0ef½Sdaeayonf/ tcsdefrD ppfaq;wm;qD;ygrS &efukef wuúodkvfonf tar&duef\aESmifBudK;rS vGwfajrmufrnfjzpfonf/

armifoD[

(#)

ausmif;om;rsm;OD;pD;usi;f yonfh (38) Burd af jrmuf trsK;d om;atmifyaGJ eh csw D uf&efE;dI aqmfpm

ausmif;om;rsm;OD;pD;usiyf onfh (38) Burd af jrmuf trsK;d om;atmifyaJG ehohkd wcJeufcsw D ufMuavmU rdbjynforl sm;ESiUf &Jabmfausmif;ol^om;taygif;wdkh(38) Budraf jrmuf trsKd;om;atmifyaJG eYukd ArmEdik if v H ;kH qdik &f mausmif;om;or*¾rsm;tzGUJ csKyf? &efuek af usmif; om;rsm;or*¾ (wuo)? &efuek cf ½dik af usmif;om;rsm;or*¾ (&uo) ausmif;om;or*¾ (3) ckrS OD;pD;um toif;tzGUJ aygif;pHkyg0ifvsuf 1958 ck? 'DZifbmv (5) &uf? aomMumaeY? eHeuf (7) em&DwGif &efukefNrdKU? ql;avbk&m;vrf;? tvkyform;ausmufwdkifü usif;yrnfjzpfonf/ 1920 jynfhESpf? wefaqmifrkef;vqkwf (10) &ufaeYwGif &efukefwuúodkvfü ynmoifMum;vsuf½Sdaom ausmif;om;xkw&yfvHk;onf t*Fvdyfe,fcsJUorm;rsm;u jyKvkyfaom wuúodkvftufOya'udk rESpfoufojzifh oydwfarSmufum uefYuGufqE´jycJhayonf/ xdkodkY wuúodkvfausmif;om;rsm;u oydwfarSmuf? uefYuGufqE´jy vdkufjcif;onf t*Fvdyfe,fcsJUorm; vufatmufodkY usa&mufvsuf½Sdaom uRefoabmufb0udk pwifwGef;vSef wdu k cf u kd jf cif; jzpfayonf/ wenf;tm;jzifh t*Fvyd ef ,fcsJUorm; vufatmufrS vGwaf jrmufa&;twGuf wrsKd;om; vHk;udk qufvufwdkufyGJ0if&ef wyfvSefYEId;aqmfvdkufjcif; jzpfayonf/ odkYtwGufvnf; 1920 jynhfESpf wuúodkvfoydwfta&;awmfyHkBuD;udk wrsKd;om;vHk;u tHk;tHk;
Nidrf;csrf;a&; 'Drdkua&pDa&;BudK;yrf;rI - 1957 rS 1958 - 'Drdkua&pDa&; 'Drdkua&pDynma&; Nidrf;csrf;a&; trsdK;om;a&;toGif e,fcsJUorm;\vIHYaqmfrIaMumifhvnf; ArmjynftwGif;0,f trsKd;om;tcsif;csif; ppfwvif;cif;um jynf wGi;f ppfr;D BuD; [ke;f [ke;f awmufco hJ nf/ ,aeYqv kd Qif (10) ESpaf usmf (11) ESpt f wGi;f odYk csif;eif;vkNyD jzpfayonf/ jynfwGif;ppfrD;BuD; rNidrf;EdkifonfESifhtrQ wdkif;jynfwGif waeYwjcm; 'Drdkua&pDtcGifhta&;rsm;rSm avsmhyg;qHk;½IH; vmcJhonf/ ,aeYqdkvQif 'Drdkua&pDa&mifjcnfrSm aysmufuG,fvkrwwf jzpfíaeayNyD/ ukefaps;EIef;rsm;rSm waeY wjcm; jrifhrm;vmum pD;yGm;a&;usyfwnf;vSonf/ vlxkrSm waeYwjcm; qif;&JEGrf;yg;vmcJh&onf/ ynma&;? ,Ofaus;rItygt0if vlrIa&;rsm;rSmvnf; ysufjym;vsuf½Sdayonf/ odYk twGuf waeYwjcm; wd;k yGm;rsm;jym;vmaom e,fcsUJ orm;tEÅ&m,fukd umuG,u f m trsK;d om;vGwv f yfrI xde;f odr;f umuG,af &;? Nidr;f csr;f a&;? 'Dru kd a&pDa&;? pD;yGm;zGUH NzdK;wd;k wufa&;twGuf wrsK;d om;vH;k pnf;vH;k nDñw G &f ef tcsdefusa&mufvsuf½Sdayonf/ 1920 jynfhESpfu pwifvIHUaqmfay;cJhaom trsKd;om;a&;pdwf"gwfwdkYudk tm;opf arG;um wrsKd;om;vHk; pnf;vHk;nDñGwfa&;twGuf tav;ay;&ef tcsdefwefayNyD/ þ (38) Budrfajrmuf trsKd;om;atmifyGJaeYBuD;wGif wrsKd;om;vHk; nDnGwfa&;twGuf tm;opfarG;um wnfaqmufMu&ef ausmif;om;^olrsm;? tvkyform;rsm;? v,form;rsm;? NrdKUaevlwef;pm;? pma&;pmcsDtrIxrf; rsm;ESifhwuG vlrsKd;pkrsm;? EdkifiHa&;toif;tzGJUrsm;yg ausmif;om;rsm; OD;pD;usif;yonfh (38) Budrfajrmuf trsKd;om; atmifyGJaeYodkY tHk;tHk;
wrsKd;om;vHk; pnf;½Hk;nDñGwfMu jynfwGifNidrf;csrf;a&;twGuf aqmif½GufMu 'Drdkua&pDtcGifUta&; umuG,fMu e,fcsJYvkyfMuHrItEå&m,f wm;qD;Mu aehpGJ- 24? 11? 58 trsKd;om;atmifyGJaehusif;ya&;aumfrwD (&efukefNrdKY)

(X) oD;jcm;rEåav;wuúov kd f txdr;f trSwyf aJG wmf rEÅav;wGif ppfBudKacwfu Oypmaumvdyftjzpfom½SdcJhonf/ ppfNyD;acwfü OypmtxdomrubJ (4) ESpf oifwef; txd½cdS o hJ nf? pdu k yf sK;d a&;ynmr[mXmeudv k nf; zGix hf m;onf/ oD;jcm;wuúov kd f jzpfvmaomtcg aq;ynm r[mXmewck wdk;csJUzGifhvSpfcJhonf/ oD;jcm;wuúodkvf[k w&m;0ifrjzpfrD rEÅav;wuúodkvfonf &efukefwuúodkvfESifh qufoG,fxm;aom wuúodkvfaumifpD (&efukefwuúodkvf) vufatmufcHjzpfcJhonf/ rEÅav;ausmif;tkyfBuD; OD;udkudkav;? qdk½S,fvpfygwDrS ta&;ygaom rEÅav;om;0efBuD;rsm;? wuowdkY BudK;pm;rI? wuúodkvfaumifpDwGif wuoudk,fpm;vS,frsm;jzpfaom wuoOuú|a[mif; OD;armifarmifausmf (,ck A[kd w&m;½k;H a½SUae) ESihf OD;vSwif (A[kw d &m;½k;H a½SUae) wkYdonf wuooabmxm;ukd tav;teufxm; wifjyBudK;pm; cJhonf/ 1957-58 ynmoifEpS w f iG f Oya'jy|mef;í rEÅav;wuúov dk u f dk oD;jcm;wuúov dk t f jzpf zGUJ pnf;vdu k o f nf/ rEÅav;rS aq;ynmr[mXmeESif pkdufysdK;a&;r[mXmewkdYonf rEÅav;wuúokdvfESihf wGJzufxm;aom r[mXmersm; jzpfoGm;onf/ rEÅav;wuúokdvfausmif;om;rsm;or*¾rS oD;jcm;rEÅav;wuúokdvf tMudKyGJawmfukd usif;ycJhonf/

551

jrefrmEdkifiHausmif;om;vIyf&Sm;rIordkif; - atmifxGef;

(!)

&efuek w f uúov kd af usmif;om;rsm;or*¾ tpD&ifcpH m (1957-58)

1957 ck? pufwifbmvrS 1958 ck? Zefe0g&Dvukeftxd vkyfaqmifNyD;pD;cJUaom vkyfief;tpD&ifcHpm tcef; (1) þtpD&ifcHpmwGif yxrOD;qkH;azmfjyxm;vdkonfrSm uRefawmfwdkY trIaqmiftzGJU oufwrf;ig;vtwGif; ausmif;om;tusKd;jyK vkyfief;aqmifwmrsm; aqmif½GufcJhjcif;udk azmfjyxm;onfhtwGufaMumifh 1957-58 ckESpf wuo trIaqmiftzGJU\ 0g'ESifhvkyfief;pOfrsm; tm;vkH;udk t
Nidrf;csrf;a&; 'Drdkua&pDa&;BudK;yrf;rI - 1957 rS 1958 - 'Drdkua&pDa&; 'Drdkua&pDynma&; Nidrf;csrf;a&; trsdK;om;a&;toGif (5) udkpef;atmif (6) udkñGefYazoef; (7) udkausmfpdef &efuek w f uúov kd u f pm;ckepf m;aumifpD (University Sport Council) odYk wuorS atmufygud, k pf m;vS,f rsm;udk a½G;cs,fcefYtyfcJhonf/ (1) udkcifatmif upm;ckefpm;XmerSL; (2) udkae0if; (3) udkpGefwdwf (4) udkjrifhxGef; (5) udkwifarmifaqG (ausmufbD;vl;wifarmifaqG) tjcm;qdkif&mvkyfief;rsm; twGufvnf; qyfaumfrwDrsm; zGJUpnf;vkyfudkifcJhayonf/ &efuek w f uúov kd f ausmif;aqmifaumfrwDoYkd wuo taxGaxGtwGi;f a&;rSL; udck ifarmiftek ;f ESihf trIaqmif a[mif; udkatmifoef;wdkYtm; wuoudk,fpm;vS,ftjzpf a½G;cs,fapvTwfcJhonf/ (W.U.S) aumfrwDodkY wuotrIaqmif apmwmomuvm;ESifh trIaqmifa[mif; udkvSazwdkYtm; wuo udk,fpm;vS,frsm;tjzpf a½G;cs,fapvTwfcJhayonf/ &efukefwuúodkvfaumifpDodkY(1) a'gufwmOD;{armif (w&m;0efBuD;a[mif;ESifh &efukefwuúodkvf 'k-t"dywda[mif;) (2) rpöwmwDyD0rf; (wuoaiGxdef;a[mif;ESifh vTwfawmfa½SUae) wdkYtm; wuo udk,fpm;vS,frsm; tjzpf ,refESpftwdkif; a½G;cs,fwifajr§mufcJhayonf/ a'gufwmOD;{armiftm; wuúodkvfaq;½kHaumfrwD0ifESifh wuúodkvf&dyfom aumfrwD0iftjzpf vnf;aumif;? rpöwmwDyD0rf;tm; ausmif;aqmifaumfrwD0ifESifh axmufyHha&;aumfrwD0iftjzpf vnf;aumif; wuúodkvfaumifpDrS a½G;cs,f xnfhoGif;cJhayonf/ wuopm&if;ppftjzpf tpdk;&rSwfykHwifpm&if;ppf OD;pHausmfOD;tm; cefYxm;cJhonf/ ,ckESpfwGif ausmif;om;oufomacsmifcsda&;ESifh EdkifiHjcm;qufoG,fa&; vkyfief;rsm;udk ydkrdkwdk;csJU vkyfudkif a&;twGuf oD;jcm;qyfaumfrwDuav;rsm; zGJUpnf;cJhayonf/ tcef; (2) wuotrIaqmiftzGJY\ 0g'ESifUvkyfief;pOf wuoOuú|opf\ usrf;opömusdefqdkyGJudk 1957 ck? pufwifbmv (24) &ufaeYwGif ,k'oef cef;rü usi;f yjyKvkyí f wuotrIaqmif tzGUJ opf\ 0g'ESiv hf yk if ef;pOfrsm;udk atmufygtwdik ;f aMunmcJah yonf/ vkyif ef;pOf rsm;udk (u) oufqdkif&mwdkhESifU awmif;qdkwdkufyGJ0ifrnfUvkyfief;rsm;ESifU? (c) wuorS OD;pD;vkyfaqmif&rnfUvkyfief; [lí ESpfydkif;cGJjcm;xm;onf/ xdkYjyif wuo\ EdkifiHwumausmif;om;rsm;ESifh qufqHa&;twGuf tajccHoabmxm; w&yfudkvnf; xkwfjyefaMunmcJhonf/ 0g' (1) ausmif;om;tcGifhta&; umuG,fa&;? tqifhtwef;jrifhaom ynma&;ESifh ausmif;om; b0om,m ajzmifhjzL;a&;/ (2) ausmif;om;nDñGwfa&;ESifh w&m;rQwaom ausmif;om;ta&;jyóemwdkif;wGif aqmif½Gufvdkaom ausmif;om; tiftm;pkrsm;? ausmif;om;tzGJUtpnf;rsm;ESifh yl;wGJaqmif½Gufa&;/ (3) Nidrf;csrf;pGm ynmoifMum;a&;? ,Ofaus;rIxdef;odrf;jr§ifhwifa&;ESifh ausmif;om;tcsif;csif; &if;ESD;pGm aygif;oif; qufqHa&;/ t"duvkyfief;pOfrsm; (u) oufqdkif&mrsm;ESifU awmif;qdkwdkufyGJ0ifrnfU vkyfief;rsm;1/ ynma&; jyKjyifajymif;vJrItwGuf EdkifiHvkH;qdkif&m ynma&;aqG;aEG;yGJBuD;w&yf jzpfajrmufa&;/ 2/ oHk;cgusausmif;xkwfpepf zsufodrf;a&;/ 3/ atmufwdkbmausmif; (1) v ydwfa&;/ 4/ ausmif;aqmifESifh aq;½kH wdk;csJUa&;/ 553

jrefrmEdkifiHausmif;om;vIyf&Sm;rIordkif; - atmifxGef; 5/ aq;odyÜHoD;jcm;aumvdyf jzpfajrmufa&;/ 6/ xD;wef;ESifh &efuif;? Oypmaumvdyftqifhxd a&muf½Sda&;/ 7/ axmufyHhaMu;rsm; qufvuf&½Sda&;/ (c) wuorS OD;pD;vkyfaqmifrnfU vkyfief;rsm;1/ tm;upm;ckefpm;jr§ifhwifa&;ESifh aumvdyfaygif;pkH ajy;ckefupm;yGJusif;ya&;/ 2/ wuúodkvfESifhaumvdyfaygif;pkHawGUqkHyGJBuD; jzpfajrmufa&;/ 3/ ausmif;om; oufomacsmifcsda&;vkyfief;rsm; vkyfa&;/ 4/ ausmif;om;q&m yl;wGJvkyfaqmif nDñGwfa&;/ 5/ jynfhpkHaom ausmif;aqmifudk,fydkiftkyfcsKyfcGifh &a&;/ EdkifiHwumausmif;om;rsm;ESifh qufqHa&;twGuf tajccHoabmxm; ,aeYurÇmwGi½f adS eaom urÇmYausmif;om;rsm;or*¾ (I.U.S) ESihf urÇmYausmif;om;rsm;nDvmcH\ twGi;f a&; rSL;rsm; yl;wG½J ;Hk (Coordinating Secretariat of The International Students’ Conference) [lonfh tzGUJ tpnf; ESpf&yfwdkYtm; rnfonfhtzGJUESifhrQ tzGJU0iftjzpf qufoG,frnf r[kwfay/ ¤if;tzGJUESpf&yf vkyfief;rsm;wGif wuo\ vkyfudkifaom tajccH0g'ESifh udkufnDaom vkyfief;rsm;wGifom yl;wGJyg0iffvkyfudkifoGm;rnf jzpfayonf/ urÇmYausmif; om;nDñw G af &;twGuf (I.U.S) ESihf (Co-sec) odYk yl;wGv J yk u f ikd af &;twGuv f nf; wuorS BudK;yrf;oGm;rnfjzpfonf/ ,aeY urÇmYausmif;om;avmuodYk vljzLvlrrJ a½G;? bmomra½G;? ,kMH unfcsufra½G;bJ ausmif;om;xktcsif; csif; cspfMunf&if;ESD;a&; vdktyfvSonf/ ¤if;tay:rSDí tqifhtwef;jrifhaom ynma&;twGuf yl;aygif;vkyfaqmifMu &ayrnf/ Nidrf;csrf;pGm ynmoifMum;a&;&½Sd&ef urÇmYppfwm;qD;a&;ESifh udkvdkeDe,fcsJUpepfudk qefYusif&rnf jzpfonf/ xdYk aMumifh befa'gif;wGif usif;ycJah om tm½S-tmz&duausmif;om;nDvmcHrS wuo ud, k w f ikd f yg0ifcsrSwf vdkufaom Nidrf;csrf;a&;? udkvdkeDe,fcsJUpepf qefYusifa&;? tqifhtwef;jrifhaom ynma&; yl;wGJvkyfaqmifa&; wdkYudk tajccHum tm½S-tmz&du aoG;pnf;nDñGwfa&;udk wnfaqmuf&if; EdkifiHwum½Sd ausmif;om;tzGJUtpnf;rsm;ESifh qufoG,fvkyfudkif oGm;rnfjzpfonf/ tcef;(3) t"duvkyfaqmifcsufrsm; 1/ wuotrIaqmiftzGUJ onf usr;f opömused q f ykd w JG iG f aMunmcJah om 0g'ESiv hf yk if ef;pOfrsm;udk taumiftxnf ay:aygufvmap&ef usrf;opömusdefqdkyGJNyD;onfrS pwifí tm;BudK;rmefwuf wufnDvufnDjzifh vkyfudkifaqmif½Guf cJhay&m xdkodkYaqmif½GufcJhaom t"ducsrSwfxm;onfh vkyfief;rsm;ESifh ywfoufí wifjyvdkufayonf/ 1948 ck? Zefe0g&Dv (4) &ufaeYwiG f jrefrmEdik if o H nf vGwv f yfaom Edik if w H Edik if t H jzpfoYkd a&muf½cdS ahJ yonf/ e,fcsJUorm;vufatmufrS vGwfajrmufum vGwfvyfaom EdkifiHwEdkifiH jzpfvmonfESifhtnD e,fcsJUorm;vufxuf ynma&;? ,Ofaus;rI taqmufttkw H Ykd ukd y,fzsufum jynfov l x l t k usKd;twGuf taqmufttkt H opfukd xyfrw H nf aqmuf&rnf jzpfayonf/ odkYaomf ,Ofaus;rIa&;&m tygt0ifjzpfonfh ynma&;taqmufttkHudkum; vGwfvyfaom jynfaxmifpk jrefrmEdkifiHawmfESifh udkufnDpGm jyKjyifajymif;vJjcif; r½Sdao;ay/ odkYtwGufaMumifhvnf; ,aeY ynma&;avmuwGif tcuftcJ tusyftwnf;rsm; ay:aygufaeNyD;vQif rvdktyfaom tjzpftysufrsm; ay:xGufaeonfrSm rsufjrifxif ½Sm;yif jzpfayonf/ þodkY ay:aygufvmrIrsm;udk wuotrIaqmiftzGJUonf tav;teufpOf;pm;cJhonf/ ynma&;tajct aeudk rsufajcrjywfavhvm Munfh½IcJhayonf/ ,aeYjzpfay:aeaom tcuftcJrsm;? tusyftwnf;rsm;udk jyKjyifzm ax;½kjH zifh raysmufEikd af wmhbJ vuf½ydS nma&;pepfBuD; wckv;Hk udk ajymif;vJvsu½f adS om jynfaxmifpjk refrmEdik if H tajct aeESihf udu k n f pD mG jyKjyifa&;qGrJ o S m ajyaysmufEikd rf nf[k awGU½Scd ahJ yonf/ þodYk awGU½Scd o hJ nfh tm;avsmfpmG vuf½ydS nm a&;pepfBuD;udk jyKjyifajymif;vJ&ef twGuf Edik if aH wmftpd;k &u OD;pD;um ynma&;ES;D aESmzvS,yf BJG uD; w&yfukd usi;f yay;&ef wuorS awmif;qdkcJhayonf/ þodYk ynma&;pepfopfw&yf ay:aygufvma&;twGuf 1957-58 ckEpS rf S pwifí BudK;yrf;vm&m ,ckEpS w f iG f 554

Nidrf;csrf;a&; 'Drdkua&pDa&;BudK;yrf;rI - 1957 rS 1958 - 'Drdkua&pDa&; 'Drdkua&pDynma&; Nidrf;csrf;a&; trsdK;om;a&;toGif tawmftwef atmifjrifvmonf[k qdk&ayrnf/ wuoonf ynma&;pepfopf w&yfay:a&;twGuf yxrtqifh taejzifh Edik if v H ;Hk qdik &f m ynma&;ES;D aESmzvS,yf BJG uD;w&yf vdt k yfonf[k ,kMH unfojzifh þtcsuu f kd t"duvkyif ef;tae ESifh csrSwf aqmif½GufcJhayonf/ wuo\ ynma&;aqG;aEG;yGJBuD; jzpfajrmufa&;vkyfief;ESifh ywffoufNyD; ynma&;aumfr½Sifu 1957 ck? Ed0k ifbmv (3) &ufaeYwiG f wuoud, k pf m;vS,rf sm;udk zdwaf c:aqG;aEG;cJo h nf/ xdak umfr½SiEf iS ahf qG;aEG;yGw J iG f wuo ud, k pf m;vS,rf sm;taeESihf Edik if v H ;Hk qdik &f m ynma&;aqG;aEG;yGEJ iS hf ywfoufaom wuo\oabmxm;rsm;udk tao;pdwf wifjyaqG;aEG;cJo h nf/ aumfr½Siu f vnf; þwifjycsufrsm;udk tav;teuf cH,pl Of;pm;cJah yonf/ xdYk jyif aumfr½Siu f wuo\ oabmxm;udk tao;pdwf tcsuftvufrsm;ESifhwuG rnfonfhykHpHjzpfonfudk aumfr½SifodkY wifjy&ef tMuHÓPfay;cJhayonf/ xdYkaMumifh wuo\ Edik if v H ;Hk qdik &f mynma&;ES;D aESmzvS,yf BJG uD; jzpfajrmufa&;twGuf tao;pdwo f abmxm; wifjycsufudk 1957 ck? Edk0ifbmv (11) &ufaeYwGif wdkif;jynfESifh ausmif;om;xkodkY wifjyaMunmcJhayonf/ ynm a&;aumfrwDodkYvnf; ay;ydkYwifjycJhavonf/ 1957 ck? 'DZifbmv (28-29) &ufaeYrsm;wGif armfvjrdKifOypmaumvdyf pnf;a0;cef;rü usif;ycJhaom pwkwt ¬ Budraf jrmuf wuúov kd Ef iS ahf umvdyaf ygif;pkH awGUqkaH qG;aEG;yGBJ uD;wGiv f nf; ynma&;jyKjyifajymif;vJa&;twGuf EdkifiHvkH;qdkif&mESD;aESmzvS,fyGJBuD;udk tpdk;&u OD;pD;usif;yay;&ef wuorS wifjyaqG;aEG; awmif;qdkcJhavonf/ þynma&;aqG;aEG;yGJESifh ywfoufonfh wuo wifjycsufpmwrf;udkvnf; þuGefz&ifhBuD;wGif wifjycJhonf/ xdkYaMumifh onfESpf wuotrIaqmiftzGJU\ t"duwm0efjzpfaom ynma&;ESD;aESmzvS,fyGJBuD; jzpfajrmuf atmif aqmif½Gufa&;twGuf azmfjycJhonfh vkyfief;&yfrsm;ESifh wdk;wufajymif;vJvmaom tajctaersm;aMumifh wpkH w&maom twdkif;twmxd atmifjrifvsuf½Sdonf[k wuorS tav;teuf ,kHMunfonf/ tqkH;wdkifatmifjrifrI &½Sda&;twGufvnf; ravsmhaom vkHYvjzifh qufvuf BudK;yrf;oGm;rnf[k uwday;cJhygonf/ 2/ (3) cgusausmif;xkwfpepfudk 1954-55 ckESpfrSpí usifhokH;vmcJh&m ¤if;pepfonf q&mrvkHavmufrI? pmoifcef;rvkaH vmufr?I pmoifu&d , d m rvkaH vmufr?I ausmif;taqmuftOD rvkaH vmufrEI iS hf qxufxrf;yd;k wd;k wuf vmaom tvkyfvufrJhjyóem rajz½Sif;EdkifrI paom tcuftcJtusyftwnf;rsm;udk ajz½Sif;onfhtaejzifh wuúodkvf wGif usifhokH;vmaomaMumifh þpepfonf ausmif;om;xktusKd;ESifh vkH;0qefYusifum ,aeYynma&;avmuwGif rvkdvm;tyfqkH;? tqdk;0g;qkH; epfemcsufjzpfonf[k wuou cH,layonf/ xdkYaMumifh (3) cgusausmif;xkwfpepf pwifusifhokH;cJhonfh 1954 ckESpfpí wuoacgif;aqmifrIjzifh ausmif;om;xkwdkufyGJrsm; qufwdkuf0ifcJh&m 195556 ckESpfwGif (3) cguspepfESifh 65% pepftwGuf pkHprf;a&;aumfr½SifzGJUpnf;ay;cJh&NyD; 1956 ckESpf? Mo*kwfvwGif wuúodkvfynma&; pkHprf;a&;aumfr½Sifudk zGJUpnf;ay;cJh&onf/ odkY&mwGif (3) cgusausmif;xkwfpepfonf rnfodkYrQ ajymif;vJrvmbJ ,aeYxd ausmif;om;^olaygif; okH;axmifausmfrSm (3) cguspepf\ 0g;rsKdcHvdkuf&NyD; wuúodkvfe,fajrrS ESifxkwfjcif;cHvdkuf&ayNyD/ þrQ &ufpufqdk; 0g;pGm ausmif;ol^om;rsm; ESpfpOf axmifESifhcsDí ynmoifMum;a&; ydwfyifjcif;cHae&aom (3) cguspepfqdk;BuD;udk wuorS acgif;aqmifí ausmif;om;xkBuD;\ nDñGwfa&;ESifh wcJeuf0dkif;0ef;qE´jyawmif;qdkjcif;? rdbjynfolrsm; uyg þrw&m;rIudk odjrifvmatmif vkyfjcif;jzifh w&m;rQwí wdkufyGJudk 0dkif;0ef;ulnD axmufcHvmapjcif;jzifh (3) cguspepfudk vkH;0wuúodkvfe,fajrrS usqkH;oGm;onftxd wdkufyGJ0ifawmif;qdkoGm;rnf[k wuorS csrSwfxm;cJh ayonf/ odYk jzifh (3) cguspepfukd ausmif;om;xknñ D w G af &;? wcJeuft
jrefrmEdkifiHausmif;om;vIyf&Sm;rIordkif; - atmifxGef; om;rsm;or*¾EiS hf &efuek w f uúov kd f aeYausmif;ol^om;rsm;toif;wdYk rS ud, k pf m;vS,w f Ykd ukd zdwMf um;ac:,lum atmuf wdkbmausmif;wvydwfa&;\ t"duta&;BuD;onfh tcsuftvufrsm;udk wifjyaqG;aEG;cJhMuonf/ þausmif;wv ydwaf &;onf q&mrsm;twGuf jyifqifcsdef ausmif;om;rsm;twGuf jyefvnfavhvmjcif;twGuv f nf;aumif;? a'oEÅ& A[kow k ½SmrS;D a&;? tcgBuD;&ufBuD; rdbaqGrsKd;rsm;xHjyefa&;? tem;,la&;rsm;twGuv f nf;aumif;? wuúov kd yf nma&; wGif r½Sv d Qirf jzpfaom tcsujf zpfaMumif;? (15) &uf pmydo k if½jHk zifh ynma&; rwd;k wufEikd af Mumif; ponfh tcsut f vuf rsm;udk azmfxw k af qG;aEG;MuNyD; atmufwb kd mausmif;wvydw&f efEiS hf þudpw ö ifjya&;twGuf &efuek w f uúov kd t f "dywd OD;EkESifh awGUqkH&ef oabmwlnDcsufrsm; csrSwfEdkifcJhonf/ 1957 ck? pufwifbmv (27) &ufaeYwGif atmufwdkbmausmif;wvydwfa&;udpö ta&;wBuD;aqmif½Guf &ef½dSonf/ pnf;rsOf;Oya' tcef; (5) tydk'ft& wuo txl;tpnf;ta0; w&yfac:,lum atmufwdkbmausmif; wvydwfay;&ef? þudpöpOf;pm;&ef ta&;ay: wuúodkvfaumifpD tpnf;ta0; ac:,lay;&efESifh þudpöudk tusKd;t aMumif;ESifhwuG jynfhpkHpGm aqG;aEG;wifjyEdkif&ef tqdkrsm;udk þtxl;tpnf;ta0;wGif wifoGif; qkH;jzwfcJhavonf/ þodkY qkH;jzwfcsuft& atmufwdkbm (3) &ufaeYwGif wuoudk,fpm;vS,frsm;ESifh wuúodkvft"dywd OD;EkwdkY awGUqkH&mwGif wuo udk,fpm;vS,frsm;\ atmufwdkbmausmif;wv ydwfoifhaMumif; aqG;aEG;wifjyonfh tcsuftvufrsm;? tudk;tum;taxmuftxm;rsm;udk wuúodkvft"dywd OD;Ekudk,fwdkifvufcHvmNyD; ,ckESpf tcsdef vGefaeNyDjzpfaomaMumifh rjzpfEdkifawmhaMumif;? þudpu ö dk ynma&;aumfr½SifwGifvnf; wifjypOf;pm;rnf jzpfaMumif;? vmrnfhESpf ausmif;wvydwfEdkifa&;twGuf BudK;pm;ay;rnf jzpfaMumif;wdkYudk uwday;cJhavonf/ xdkYaMumifh wuo\ atmufwdkbmausmif;wvydwfa&; aqmif½Gufcsuf\ atmifjrifrIonf ,ckESpfwGif taumiftxnfESifhwuG rawGUjrif&aomfvnf; vmrnfhESpfrsm;wGif atmifjrifEdkif&ef vrf;prsm;yGifhvmNyD[k wuo rS,lqayonf/ xdkodkY vrf;pyGifhvmaomfvnf; vkH;0atmifjrifrI&½Sdvm&ef wuoonf pnf;vkH;nDñGwfaom ausmif; om;xktm;jzifh rnfrQxd wdkufyGJ0ifawmif;qdkEdkifrnf enf;[lonfh tcsufay:wGifom ausmif;om;xk\ atmifyGJwnf onf[k ,lqayonf/ 4/ vuf½w Sd uúov kd af q;½ko H nf ppfrjzpfru D ¤if;acwf\ ausmif;om;OD;a&tcsK;d tpm;ESihf udu k n f pD mG aqmif½u G f xm;jcif;jzpfí ,ckacwfwiG f tqrwefrsm;jym;vmaom ausmif;om;OD;a&ESihf vk;H 0 rvkaH vmufawmhay/ vlemcef;rsm;? acwfrDaq;ESifh aq;ud&d,mrsm;? tcrJhaq;xdk;ay;jcif;rsm; ponfwdkYudk wdk;csJUay;&ef tcsdefusaeayNyD/ wuúodkvfaq;½kHudk aq;ukonfh aq;½kHoufoufwGifom r[kwfbJ ausmif;om;rsm; tem;,l&dyfomwck jzpfvmonftxd aqmif½Guf&ef wuorS &nfrSef;xm;ayonf/ odkYaomf þudpo ö nf wjznf;jznf; aqmif½Guf&rnfh vkyfief;jzpfayonf/ uaeYavmavmq,f taeESifh wuúodkvfaq;½kHwdk;csJUa&;? aq;0g;rsm;tcrJhukocGifh&a&;/ tcrJh aq;xk;d cGi&hf ½Sad &;? olemjyKq&mrrsm; vkaH vmufpmG cefYxm;a&;twGuf awmif;qdx k m;ayonf/ awmif;qd&k ½Sd xm;ayNyD/ tjrefqkH;jzpfajrmufatmif taumiftxnfazmfa&;twGuf BudK;yrf;&ayrnf/ ausmif;aqmifrsm; rvkHavmufrIjyóemudk tmPmydkifwdkYu (3) cgusausmif;xkwfpepfESifh ajz½Sif;ay;ae aomfvnf; ESpfpOfwuúodkvfrS rvTJombJ xGufoGm;&aom ausmif;om;ESifh 0ifvmaom ausmif;om;OD;a& rrQojzifh tcef;rvkHavmufrI jyóemrsm; ay:aygufvsuf ½Sdayonf/ ,ckESpfpwGif ausmif;om;aygif; (201) a,mufausmf tcef;r½Sdí wcef;ESpfa,mufpepfudk ,m,DtokH;jyKí tcef;rvkHavmufrI jyóemudk wuorS ,m,Dajz½Sif;cJh&av onf/ þtcuftcJrsKd; vmrnfEh pS w f iG f ydrk Bkd uD;rm;pGm &ifqikd &f OD;rnf[k wGucf sufEikd af yonf/ xdYk aMumifh ausmif;aqmif opfrsm;udk wdk;wufvsuf½Sdonfh ausmif;om;OD;a& tcsKd;tpm;udk vdkufí tjrefqkH; tvkHtavmuf aqmif½Gufay;&ef wuorS awmif;qdkvsuf½Sdayonf/ 5/ aq;odyÜHwGif ausmif;om;OD;a& waeYwjcm; rsm;jym;vsuf rEÅav;üyif aq;odyÜH cGJjcm;zGifhvSpfEdkifonftxd jzpfvmonf/ ppfrjzpfrDuvnf; aq;odyÜHonf oD;jcm;jzpfcJhNyD; ,ckESpfwGif ausmif;om;OD;a& tqrwef wdk;wuf vsuf½SdonfhtwGuf oD;jcm;&yfwnfEdkifonfh tajctaewGif½Sdonf/ þoD;jcm; aumvdyfjzpfjcif;jzifh t"duvdktyfcsuf rsm;udk ydrk akd wmif;qdk wdu k yf 0JG ifEikd jf cif;aMumifh (Constituent College) &½Sad &;twGuf aq;odyaÜH usmif;om;rsm;or*¾EiS hf wuowdkY n§dEIdif;wdkifyifaqG;aEG;NyD;vQif tjrefEdkifqkH; taumiftxnfazmf&ef wuorS wifjyawmif;qdkxm;vsuf ½Sdayonf/ 6/ &efuif;ESihf xD;wef;aumvdyw f Ykdonf Oypmaumvdyt f qifo h Ykd a&muf½&dS ef tvGev f t kd yfvsu½f o dS nf/ tb,f aMumifq h akd omf vuf½t dS qifo h nf aumvdyEf iS v hf ;Hk 0rwlbJ txufwef;ausmif; omomom½So d nf/ ausmif;aqmifrsm;\ csKdU,Gif;csufrsm;? t&nftcsif;jynfh q&m^rrsm; rvkHavmufjcif;? ausmif;okH;y&dabm*rsm; rvkHavmufjcif;? ynmoif 556

Nidrf;csrf;a&; 'Drdkua&pDa&;BudK;yrf;rI - 1957 rS 1958 - 'Drdkua&pDa&; 'Drdkua&pDynma&; Nidrf;csrf;a&; trsdK;om;a&;toGif Mum;a&;tqifh rwdk;wufjcif;paom tcsuftvufwdkYrSm ,aeY &efuif;ESifh xD;wef;aumvdyfwdkY\ cHpm;&csufrsm; jzpfonf/ xdkYaMumifh cHpm;&csufrsm; yaysmufa&;? tqifhtwef;rDaom Oypmaumvdyfwck jzpfay:a&;wdkYtwGuf wuorS oufqdkif&modkY wifjyawmif;qdk wdkufyGJ0ifvsuf½Sdavonf/ xdkodkY tqifhtwef;rSom Oypmaumvdyf wcktjzpfnrD Qaom ausmif;aqmifrsm;? pmoifcef;rsm;? q&mrsm;? ausmif;ok;H ypön;f y&dabm*rsm;? "gwfccJG ef;ypön;f rsm; udk wdk;csJUxm;&ef oufqdkif&modkY awmif;qdkxm;vsuf ½Sdayonf/ 7/ 1958 ckrSpí &yfqdkif;xm;aom ausmif;om;rsm; axmufyHhaMu;udk ,cktcsdefwdkif &yfqdkif;vsufyif ½Sdao; onfukd tjrefq;Hk jyefvnf qufvufay;&ef wuorS awmif;qdv k suf½adS yonf/ þjyóemESihf wqufwnf;jzpfaom wuúov kd f tok;H p&dwcf iG ûhf yaiG (University Grant) udv k nf; ,aeYausmif;om;OD;a& tcsKd;tpm;ESihf udu k n f rD Qatmif wdk;wufcGifhjyK xkwfay;&ef wygwnf; awmif;qdkxm;ayonf/ wuúodkvfwGif ynmt&nftcsif; aumif;aomfvnf; pD;yGm;a&;csKdUwJrh aI Mumifh ausmif;om;aygif;rsm;pGm ynmoifMum;vdyk gaomfvnf; roifMum;Edik Mf uacs/ aq;ESihf tif*sifeD ,mXmewdkYwGif jyifybkwfaumfr½Sif? ppfwyf paomtzGJUtpnf;rsm;rS axmufyHhaMu;rsm;,lí ynmoifMum;ae&aom ausmif;om;aygif;rsm;pGm ½Sad vonf/ trSepf ifppf þodYk jyifyrS axmufyahH Mu;rsm; ay;jcif;xuf wuúov kd b f @maiGxrJ S ay;jcif;u ydrk akd umif;í ydrk rkd eS u f efayonf/ ,ckuo hJ Ykd wuúov kd w f iG f axmufyahH Mu;r½Sjd cif;onf wuúov kd üf ½So d if½h t dS yf onfh *kPft*Fg&yf *kPfodu©mESifhvnf; rnDñGwfay/ xdkYaMumifh wuoonf tpdk;&u wuúodkvfESifhaumvdyfrsm; twGuf okH;pGJaiG (University Grant) udk tvkHtavmuf wdk;csJUay;&efESifh wqufwnf; t&nftcsif;xl;cRefí pD;yGm;a&;usyfwnf;aom ausmif;om;rsm;tm; axmufyHhaMu;rsm; jyefvnfay;yg&ef awmif;qdkxm;vsuf ½Sdayonf/ (c) wuorS OD;pD;vkyfaqmifcJhaom vkyfief;rsm; 1/ upm;ckepf m;jr§iw hf ifa&;ESihf ywfoufí ,ckEpS t f rIaqmiftzGUJ onf upm;ckepf m; ausmif;om;rsm;udk rMumcP pkaygif;aqG;aEG;jcif;rsm;? vdktyfcsufrsm; epfemcsufrsm;udk ½SmazGazmfxkwfí ¤if;tcsufrsm; jynfhpkHap&ef enf;vrf;rsm; ½SmazGjcif;rsm;udk vkyu f ikd cf ahJ yonf/ tm;upm;orm;wdYk tm; wuorS twwfEikd q f ;Hk tm;upm;ypön;f tultnDrsm;udk vnf; ay;cJhayonf/ wuotaejzifh wuúov kd f upm;ckepf m;aumifpD vkyif ef;rsm;wGif ta&;BuD;qk;H tydik ;f u yg0ifaqmif½u G cf ahJ y onf/ Oyrm abmfvDabmjydKifyGJrsm;? bwfpuufabmjydKifyGJrsm; paom vkyfief;rsm;wGif vnf;aumif;? þjydKifyGJrsm; jzpfajrmufa&;twGuf vIHYaqmfpnf;½kH;a&; vkyfief;rsm;wGif wuo udk,fpm;vS,frsm; wm0ef,lxrf;aqmifcJhayonf/ rEÅav;tBudKyGJawmfodkYvnf; wuorSOD;pD;í &efukefwuúodkvfESifh rEÅav;wuúodkvfwdkY½Sd ausmif;om;csif; cspfMunf&if;ESD;a&;wdkYtwGuf abmvkH;toif;? bwfpuufabmESifh abmfvDabmtoif;wdkY rEÅav;odkY oGm;a&mufí rdwfaqGjzpfyGJrsm; ,SOfjydKifupm;cJhMuayonf/ oufqdkif&mor*¾rsm;ESifh n§dEIdif;í wwd,tBudrfajrmuf aumvdyfaygif;pkH ajy;ckefupm;yGJBuD;udk 1957 ck? 'DZifbmv (27) &ufaeYwiG f armfvNrdKifNrdKU NrdKUrupm;uGi;f BuD;wGif atmifjrifpmG usif;yEdik cf o hJ nf/ þaumvdyaf ygif;pkH ajy;ckefupm;yGJBuD;odkY &efukefwuúodkvfrS ajy;ckefupm;orm;rsm;? rEÅav;wuúodkvfrS tm;upm;orm;rsm;ESifh armfv NrdKifOypmaumvdyfrS tm;upm;orm;rsm; pkpkaygif; (100) ausmfrQ yg0if,SOfNydKif upm;cJhMuayonf/ wuúodkvfESifh aumvdyftoD;oD;rS tm;upm;orm;rsm;onf pdwftm;xufoefpGmESifh vnf;aumif;? wOD;ESifhwOD; tvGefcspfMunf &if;ES;D pGmjzifh vnf;aumif; upm;ckepf m;Muojzifh Armjynf wuúov kd Ef iS ahf umvdyt f oD;oD;wdYk \ upm;ckepf m;a&;tqifh twef; jrifhrm;vma&;twGuf BuD;pGmtaxmuftul jzpfapayonf/ &efuek w f uúov kd f ESpyf wfvnfupm;ckepf m;yGBJ uD;udk 1958 ck? Zefe0g&Dv (18) &ufaeYu usif;yNyD;pD;cJah yNyD/ þupm;ckepf m;yGBJ uD; jzpfajrmufvma&;twGuf upm;ckepf m;orm;rsm; pkpnf;jcif;? ausmif;om;xk tm;ay;ulnrD &I ½S&d ef 0g'jzefYvIHYaqmfjcif; paomtultnDrsm; wuúodkvf upm;ckefpm;aumifpDESifh wuo yl;aygif;vkyfaqmifcJhayonf/ ,ckESpf usif;yaom ESpfvnfupm;ckefpm;yGJBuD;wGif pHcsdefopf (5) ck wifvdkufEdkifayonf/ wuorS þrQxd upm;ckefpm;ESifhywfoufí vkyfudkifaqmif½GufcJhygaomfvnf; arQmfrSef;xm;onfh upm; ckefpm; tqifhjrifhwufokdY ra&muf½Sdao;ay/ þarQmfrSef;xm;aom tqifhodkY a&muf½SdEdkif&efrSm wuúodkvfupm;ckefpm; aumifpD ydkrdkêud;pm; vkyfudkifvmjcif; tay:wGifvnf;aumif;? wuorS rnfrQxd upm;ckefpm;a&;wGif qufvufNyD; acgif;aqmifpnf;½k;H vkyu f ikd o f mG ;onfh tay:wGiv f nf;aumif;? ausmif;om;xk\ tm;ay;ulnrD I tay:wGiv f nf;aumif; wnf½adS eayonf[k ,kMH unfayonf/ wuorS &efuek w f uúov kd f tm;upm;avmu jr§iw hf ifEikd af &;twGuf pmwrf;wck a&;om;í wifjyEdkif&ef BudK;yrf;vsuf½Sdayonf/ 557

jrefrmEdkifiHausmif;om;vIyf&Sm;rIordkif; - atmifxGef; 2/ pwkw¬tBudrfajrmuf wuúodkvfESifhaumvdyfaygif;pkHaqG;aEG;yGJBuD;udk wuúodkvfESifh aumvdyftoD;oD;wdkY nd§EIdif;wdkifyifí 1957 ck? 'DZifbmv (28-29) &ufaeYrsm;wGif armfvNrdKifOypmaumvdyfpnf;a0;cef;rBuD;wGif &efukef wuúodkvfausmif;om;rsm;or*¾? rEÅav;wuúodkvfausmif;om;rsm;or*¾? armfvNrdKifOypmaumvdyfausmif;om;rsm; or*¾ESifh rauG;Oypmaumvdyfausmif;om;rsm;or*¾wdkY OD;pD;acgif;aqmifum atmifjrifpGm usif;yNyD;pD;cJhavonf/ þuGezf &ifBh uD;odYk &efuek w f uúov kd \ f r[mXmersm;jzpfaom &efuek af q;odyaHÜ usmif;om;rsm;or*¾? rEÅav; aq;odyÜHr[mXmecGJausmif;om;rsm;or*¾ udk,fpm;vS,frsm;ESifh &efuif;? xD;wef;aumvdyfrsm;rS udk,fpm;vS,frsm;? &efukefwuúodkvfESifh rEÅav;wuúodkvfrS ausmif;om;nDñGwfa&;wyfOD; udk,fpm;vS,frsm;? wuúodkvfESifh aumvdyf toD;oD;½Sd toif;tzGUJ tpnf; ud, k pf m;vS,rf sm; wufa&mufcMhJ uayonf/ toif;tzGUJ aygif; (44) zGUJ ? ud, k pf m;vS,Ef iS hf avhvmolaygif; (126) a&mufwdkY wufa&mufcJhonf/ þawGUqkHaqG;aEG;yGJBuD;wGif &efukefwuúodkvf\ tajctaeESifhywfoufaom tajctaepmwrf;w&yfudk wufa&mufol ud, k pf m;vS,Ef iS hf avhvmoltaygif;wdYktm; wifjyaqG;aEG;cJah yonf/ tjcm;wuúov kd f ausmif;om;rsm;u vnf; rdrdwdkYepfemcsuf vdktyfcsufrsm;udk wifjycJhayonf/ 'kw, d ESihf wwd,tBudrf wuúov kd Ef iS hf aumvdyaf ygif;pkaH qG;aEG;yGJ usif;y&mü xkwjf yefcahJ om jynfwiG ;f Nidr;f csrf;a&; &½Sda&;twGuf tpdk;&ESifh awmfvSefa&;tiftm;pkwdkY ESpfOD;ESpfzuf rsuffESmcsif;qdkif awGUqkHaqG;aEG;ajz½Sif;jcif; jzifh jynfwiG ;f ppfr;D BuD; Nidr;f owf&ef arwåm&yfco H nfh yefMum;vTmwapmifukd þuGezf &ifBh uD;wGif xkwjf yefEikd cf ahJ yonf/ xdkYjyif ausmif;om;xk 'Drdkua&pDta&;rsm; jyefvnfay;tyfa&;? EdkifiHvkH;qdkif&m ynma&;ESD;aESmzvS,fyGJBuD; w&yfudk Edik if aH wmftpd;k &u OD;pD;usif;yay;a&;? jynfwiG ;f Nidr;f csrf;a&; tjrefq;Hk wnfaqmufay;a&;ESihf urÇmYwif;rmrI avQmhaygh a&;twGuf tjydKiftqdkif vufeufwyfqifrIrsm;? tEkjrLvufeufrsm; prf;oyfazmufcGJjcif;rsm; rjyKMu&ef wdkufwGef; awmif;qdak Mumif;ESihf vufeufppfonftiftm; avQmah ygha&;vkyif ef;rsm;udk tjrefq;Hk vkyu f ikd af qmif½u G Mf u&ef arwåm&yf cHonfh aMunmpmwrf;udkvnf; uGefz&ifhBuD; wckvkH;u wnDwñGwfwnf; xkwfjyefEdkifcJhonf/ xdYk aMumifh pwkwt ¬ Budraf jrmuf wuúov kd Ef iS hf aumvdyaf ygif;pkaH qG;aEG;yGBJ uD;udk uRefawmfwYkd wuoESiw hf uG nDaemifor*¾wdkY yl;wGJum atmifjrifpGm usif;yEdkifcJhaMumif;/ 3/ &efukefwuúodkvfausmif;om;rsm;or*¾\ vkyfief;pOfwGif ausmif;om;oufomacsmifcsda&;vkyfief;onf wcktygt0ifjzpfonf/ ¤if;vkyfief;pOfudk taumiftxnfazmfEdkif&ef ausmif;om;oufomacsmifcsda&;qdkif wck zGifh vSpf&ef BudK;pm;cJhonf/ oufqdkif&mwdkYESifh aqG;aEG;cJh\/ or0g,rqdkiftjzpfodkY &nfñTef;aomfvnf; tcuftcJrsm; ½Sdaeayonf/ or0g,rpepfrSm wa,mufpD tpk½S,f,mjzifh rwnf&rnfhjyif vuf½Sdtajctaet&vnf; or0g,r rSwfykHwif&ef cufcJaeayonf/ rnfodkYyifjzpfap ausmif;om;rsm;udk,fwdkif OD;pD;vkyfudkifonfh ausmif;om;oufomacsmifcsda&;qdkif jzpf ajrmufa&;twGuf jzpfEikd o f nft h ajctae? jzpfEikd o f nfyh pHk rH S wd;k csJUvkyu f ikd o f mG ;&ayrnf/ qdik rf wnfa&;twGuf ausmif; aqmif o[m,ESiphf mzwftoif; ud, k pf m;vS,rf sm;ESihf awGUqkaH qG;aEG;cJo h nf/ tcsed t f cg tajctaet& ausmif;aqmif o[m,ESifhpmzwftoif;rsm;rS aiGaMu;tultnD&&ef tcuftcJrsm; ½Sdaeayonf/ wuotaeESifhvnf; vkHavmuf aom rwnfaiGudk xkwfay;Edkifonf r[kwfay/ odkYaomfvnf; wuotaeESifh xkwfay;onfhaiGESifhyif jzpfEdkifonfh &efukefwuúodkvf wHqdyfyg½Sdonfh pma&;puúLuwfrsm;? pmtdwfrsm;ponfwdkYudk tzdk;EIef;csKdompGmESifh ½kdufESdyfa&mif; cscJhonf/ ,cktcg pma&;puúLuwfrsm;ESifh pmtdwfrsm; (2300) ausmfzdk;rQ a&mif;csNyD;cJhNyD;jzpf\/ azmfjycJhonfhtcuf tcJrsm;½Sad eaomfvnf; use½f adS eao;onfh aiGEiS yhf ifrwnfí ausmif;om;oufomacsmifcsad &;qdik w f ck jzpfay:vmatmif BudK;pm;&OD;rnfom jzpfonf/ ESppf Of wuo\ ynmoifaxmufyahH Mu;qk (2) qkuv kd nf; ynmvdv k m;NyD; pD;yGm;a&;tm; jzifh taxmuftul vdktyfaomausmif;om;rsm;tm; tenf;ESifhtrsm; tultnDjzpfap&eftwGuf ,ckESpfrS pwifí &efykHaiGw&yf zGifhvSpfxm;&ef BudK;pm;vsuf ½Sdayonf/ tjcm; tao;pdwfvkyfief;taeESifhrl NyD;pD;cJhaom atmufwdkbm pmar;yGüJ &efuif;ESihf xD;wef;aumvdyrf sm;odYk oGm;a&mufajzqd&k rnfh ausmif;aqmiftoD;oD;rS ausmif;ol^om;rsm;tzdYk oGm;vmrIv, G u f al p&ef armfawmfum;rsm; pDpOfay;cJah yonf/ aEG&moDausmif;ydw&f ufrsm; ausmif;om;rsm; rdrw d Ykd &yfxH jyefMu&mü ESppf Of&tyf&jrJjzpfaom Edik if aH wmf avaMumif;o,f,yl Ykdaqmifa&;XmerS txl;avQmEh eI ;f udk ½kyo f rd ;f vdu k o f jzifh jyefvnf ay;tyf&ef awmif;qdkxm;cJhayonf/ 4/ ausmif;om;-q&m yl;wGJvkyfaqmifa&;ESifh ywfoufí ,ckESpfwGif tawmfatmifjrifonf[k ,lq&ayrnf/ a½G;aumufyGJESpfckvkH;ü q&mBuD;rsm;\ tm;BudK;rmefwufulnDjcif;rsm;? ausmif;om;rsm;ESifh yl;wGJpDpOfvkyfudkifjcif;rsm; onf xif½Sm;aomatmifjrifcsuf om"ursm; jzpfayonf/ þodkY ausmif;om;wdkY\ vkyfief;wGif 0dkif;0ef;ulnDaom 558

Nidrf;csrf;a&; 'Drdkua&pDa&;BudK;yrf;rI - 1957 rS 1958 - 'Drdkua&pDa&; 'Drdkua&pDynma&; Nidrf;csrf;a&; trsdK;om;a&;toGif aMumifhvnf;aumif;? q&mESifh ausmif;om; tjrJwrf; yl;wGJvkyfaqmifa&;? nDñGwfa&; a½SUtvm;tvm aumif;rGefvm ap&efvnf;aumif;? NyD;pD;cJhonfh ulnDrItwGuf aus;Zl;wif*kPfjyKonfh taeESifhvnf;aumif;? a½G;aumufyGJwGif yg0ifun l cD ahJ om q&m^rrsm;tm; wuorS aus;Zl;wif*P k jf yKyGw J &yf usi;f ycJah yonf/ þonfrmS vnf; q&mausmif; om;nDñGwfpGm yl;wGJvkyfaqmifa&;twGuf ydkrdkav;eufpGm tkwfjrpfcsay;cJhjcif;jzpfonf/ xdkYaMumifhvnf; q&mBuD;rsm; jzpfonfh ygarmu©O;D bñGeYf ? a'gufwmomvS? a'gufwmnDnw D Ykd onf wuorS OD;pD;onfh a[majymyGrJ sm;wGif pmayESihf ywfoufaom a[majymcsurf sm;udk vma&mufa[majymcJMh uavonf/ Edik if jH cm; ynma&;yg&*lrsm;tm; *kPjf yK{nfch yH o JG Ykd q&mrsm;tm; zdwMf um;jcif;tm;jzifv h nf; q&mESiahf usmif;om; ydrk &kd if;ES;D rI &½Scd ahJ vonf/ þtcsufrsm;udk axmufjcif; tm;jzifh ,ckESpfwGif q&mESifhausmif;om; &if;ESD;cspfcifrI? yl;wGJvkyfaqmifrIrsm; ,cifESpfrsm;uxuf ydkrdkwdk;wufvm aMumif; awGUEdkifayonf/ aemifwGif ,ckxufydkrdkí &if;ESD;rI? yl;wGJvkyfaqmifrIrsm; jyKvkyfoGm;&efvnf; wuorS cH,lcsrSwf xm;ayonf/ 5/ ausmif;aqmifudk,fykdiftkyfcsKyfa&;ESifh ywfoufí ,cifESpf wuorS awmif;qkdwdkufyGJ0ifcJhaomaMumifh ausmif;aqmifpDrHtkyfcsKyfcGifh &½SdcJhaomfvnf; ,aeYxdyif wdwdusus taumiftxnfazmfNyD; raqmif½GufEdkifjzpfaeay onf/ tcsKdUae&mrsm;wGif oufqdkif&myk*¾dKvfwdkYu tkyfcsKyfcGifh vTJtyfray;jcif;? vTJtyfay;&ef aESmifhaES;xm;jcif;ESifh ausmif;om;rsm;ud, k w f ikd f vufrcH&ef enf;trsK;d rsK;d rsm;jzifh BudK;pm;aejcif;rsm;udk awGU½S&d avonf/ þrvdv k m;tyfonfh tcsurf sm;tjyif ausmif;aqmifu, kd yf ikd t f yk cf sKyfa&;udk ausmif;om;rsm; em;rvnfoabmraygufap&ef ½Iyaf xG;atmifvyk f jcif;? roufqdkifaomvkyfief;rsm;udk ausmif;om;rsm;tm; cdkif;apjcif;jzifh ausmif;om;tcsif;csif; oabmuGJvGJrIrsm; ay:apjcif;paom rzG,&f monfh tcsut f vufrsm;vnf; ay:aygufvsuf ½Sad yonf/ þjyóemrsm;udk uReaf wmfwYdktrI aqmiftzGJUonf ,cktcsdefxd xda&mufpGm bmrQrajz½Sif;cJhaomfvnf; vmrnfhESpf ausmif;zGifhcsdefrSpí pepfwuspDrH ude;f cs udik w f , G v f yk af qmifomG ;&ef owfrw S x f m;ayonf/ vmrnfEh pS w f iG f ausmif;aqmifu, kd yf ikd t f yk cf sKyfa&;ESiyhf wfouf í wzufrS ynmay;½Sif;vif;a&;ESifh 0g'jzefYcsdvIHYaqmfa&; tpOfojzifhvkyfudkifoGm;NyD; tjcm;wzufrS ausmif;aqmif tvdu k f owfrw S x f m;onfah umfrwDrsm; zGUJ pnf;jcif;? aumfrwDrsm;\ tcGit hf mPm twdtusazmfxw k Nf yD; pDrt H yk cf sKyfru I kd taumiftxnfay:vmap&ef vufawGUñTejf yvkyu f ikd jf cif;rsm; aqmif½u G &f efpaom vufawGUvkyif ef;rsm;udk udik w f , G f vkyfaqmifoGm;&ef pDpOfvsuf½Sdayonf/ wzufwiG f azmfjycJo h nft h wdik ;f wuotrIaqmiftzGUJ onf usrf;opömusdeq f ykd üJG aMunmcJah om wuo\ t"duvkyfief;pOf wm0ef (12) &yfudk taumiftxnfay:atmif aqmif½GufvkyfudkifcJh&mwGif vkyfNyD;? vkyfqJESifh vkyfvwHåUaom vkyfief;rsm;ü atmifjrifcJhonfh vkyfief;rsm;vnf;½Sdayonf/ ratmifjrifao;onfh vkyfief;rsm;vnf; ½Sdayonf/ wpdwfwa'o ratmifjrifao;onfh qufvufvkyf&rnfh vkyfief;rsm;vnf; ½Sdayonf/ rvkyfudkif rxrf; aqmif&ao;onfh vkyfief;rsm;vnf; ½Sdao;onfudk xyfrHwifjyvdkayonf/ tcef;(4) tjcm;vkyfaqmifcJhaomvkyfief;rsm; 1957 ck? atmufwkdbmv (24) &ufaeYwGif EdkifiHawmf0efBuD;csKyfOD;Ekonf wuoodkY tvnftywfvm&m 0,f wuotrIaqmiftzGUJ rS vIu d v f u dI v f v JS BJS udKqdck ahJ yonf/ OD;EkEiS hf trIaqmifwYdk cspcf if&if;ES;D yGiv hf if;pGm ausmif;om; a&;&mjyóemrsm;udk aqG;aEG;cJhMuavonf/ wuorS t"duxm;í wifjycJhonfhtcsufrsm;rSm EdkifiHvkH;qdkif&m ynm a&;ESD;aESmzvS,fyGJBuD;w&yf tpdk;&rS OD;pD;usif;ya&;? zsufodrf;cHae&aom or*¾rsm;ta&;? tzrf;cHae&aom ausmif; om;rsm;ta&;? ausmif;xkwfcHae&aom ausmif;om;rsm;ta&;ESifh pmar;yGJajzqdkcGifh ydwfyifcHae&aom ausmif;om;rsm; ta&;udk t"duxm;í wifjyaqG;aEG; cJhayonf/ 1/ 0efBuD;csKyfOD;Ek\ tMuHay;csuft& ynma&;aumfr½Sif\ tultnDjzifh Edk0ifbmESifh 'DZifbmvrsm; twGif; wGif qdkAD,uf,leD,H? jynfolYw½kwfjynf? t*Fvefpaom EdkifiHrsm;rS a&muf½Sdaeaom ynma&;yg&*lrsm;udk wuorS OD;pD;zdwaf c:um ynma&;a[majymyGrJ sm; qufwu kd u f sif;ycJah yonf/ þyg&*lrsm;onf rdrw d Ykd Eikd if t H oD;oD;D ½Sd ynma&; pepf toD;oD;taMumif;udk tao;pdwfa[majymvsuf r½Sif;vif;onfhtcsuftvufrsm;udk pdwf½SnfpGm ajzMum;onfh twGuf ausmif;om;xkod½Sdvdkonfh tcsuftm;vkH;udk od½SdcGifh &½SdcJhayonf/ 2/ þodYk wuo\zdwMf um;csut f & vma&mufa[majymMuonfh Edik if jH cm;yg&*l {nfo h nfawmfrsm;tm; cs;D usL; *kPûf yonft h aejzifh {nfch yH w JG &yfukd 1957 ck? Ed0k ifbmv (27) &ufaeYwiG f wuocef;rü jyKvkycf ahJ yonf/ þ{nfch yH üJG q&m^rrsm;? wuúov kd ½f dS toif;tzGUJ tiftm;pku, kd pf m;vS,rf sm;? jyifyEkid if aH &;tzGUJ tpnf;rsm;ESihf owif;axmufrsm;udk 559

jrefrmEdkifiHausmif;om;vIyf&Sm;rIordkif; - atmifxGef; zdwMf um;cJo h nft h jyif wuo\ Edik if v H ;Hk qdik &f m ynma&;ES;D aESmzvS,yf BJG uD; usif;ya&;ESihf ywfoufaom oabmxm; wifjycsufrsm;udk xkwfjyefcJhayonf/ 3/ 1957 ck? Ed0k ifbmv (26) &ufaeYwiG f *syefjynfv;Hk qdik &f m ausmif;om;or*¾rsm;tzGUJ csKyf Ouú|ESihf *syefjynf tEkjrLvufeufqefYusifa&;tzGJU (Japanese Council Against A&H Bomb) onf urÇmYausmif;om;rsm;or*¾ (I.U.S) ud, k pf m;vS,t f aejzifh ArmjynfoYkd vma&mufvnfywf&m wuorS *kPjf yK{nfch cH ahJ Mumif;/ wuo\{nfo h nf tjzpf &efuek Nf rdKUwGif wywfMumrQaexdik Nf yD; ausmif;om;a&;&mjyóemrsm; urÇmYNidr;f csr;f a&;jyóemrsm;udk &efuek jf rdKU½Sd toif;tzGJUaygif;pkHESifh cspfcif&if;ESD;pGm awGUqkHaqG;aEG;oGm;cJhayonf/ 4/ 1957 ck? 'DZifbmv (6-7-8) &ufaeYrsm;wGif rEÅav;wuúodkvfausmif;om;rsm;or*¾rS OD;pD;usif;yaom oD;jcm;wuúov kd f tBudKyGaJ wmfoYkd rwuo\ zdwMf um;csuft& wuorS OD;pD;acgif;aqmifí tm;upm;orm;rsm;ESihf ,Ofaus;rIudk,fpm;vS,frsm; yg0ifwufa&mufcJhMuayonf/ wuorS xdkodkh rEÅav;tBudKyGJawmfodkh wufa&muf&mwGif(1) vmrnfhESpfrSpí rEÅav;wuúodkvfudk oD;jcm;wuúodkvfjzpfawmhrnfudk vIdufvSJpGm axmufcHjcif;ESifh (2) rEÅav;wuúodkvf nDaemifausmif;om;rsm;ESifh &if;ESD;cspfcifa&;? yl;wGJvkyfaqmifa&;[lonfh tajccH oabmxm;ESpf&yfjzifh wufa&mufcJhjcif;jzpfayonf/ xkdYaMumifhvnf; wuúodkvfabmvkH;toif;? bwfpuufabm? abmfvDabmtoif;wdkYESifh yGJawmfwGif ulnD ujya&;twGuf tutzGJUrsm;udkyg wuorS zdwfac:pkpnf;í nDñGwfpGm tm;ay;wufa&mufcJhayonf/ odkYaomf rEÅav;wGif rarQmv f ifo h nfh jyóemwckEiS hf &ifqikd cf &hJ í wuorS xdu k pd Eö iS yhf wfoufNyD; 0rf;enf;aMumif; rSww f rf;wif xm;cJah yonf/ rEÅav;odYk a&mufaomtcg q&mrsm;OD;pD;onfh uyGrJ sm;ppfaq;a&;tzGUJ u &efuek rf v S monfh uyGrJ sm;udk tprf;ujyppfaq;cHNyD;rS ujy&rnfqdkvm&m wuotaejzifh þrludk vkH;0vufrcHEdkifaomaMumifh uRefawmfwdkY\ uyGrJ sm; vk;H 0ujyjcif; rjyKcJah y/ rwuotaeESihf þppfaq;a&;tzGUJ tm; tjyif;txef ta&;qdak omfvnf; tcsnf;ES;D yif jzpfcJhayonf/ xdkYaMumifh ppfaq;a&;tzGJUwGifyg0ifaom q&mwpk\tjyKtrlESifhywfoufNyD; rwuorSvnf; 0rf;enf;aMumif; rSww f rf;wifcahJ vonf/ aemif þtjzpftysurf sK;d ay:aygufrjI zpfrvm&efEiS hf wm;qD;Edik &f efwYkdtwGuf þtjzpftysufu or*¾ESpfckwdkYtm; BuD;pGmaomoifcef;pm ay;tyfcJhayonf/ 5/ rEÅav;wuúodkvf tMudKyGJawmfodkY {nfhonfawmftjzpf wufa&muf&if; rEÅav;jrdKU½Sd pdkufysKd;a&;twwf oifr[mXmeausmif;om;rsm;or*¾ trIaqmifrsm;ESihf 'DZifbm (11) &ufaeYwiG f vnf;aumif;? rEÅav;aq;twwfoif r[mXmecGaJ usmif;om;rsm;or*¾ trIaqmiftzGUJ ESihf (9) &ufaeYwiG f vnf;aumif; wuotrIaqmifwYkd &if;ES;D cspfMunf a&;twGuf awGUqkHaqG;aEG;cJhMuayonf/ 6/ tif*sifeD,mr[mXmeausmif;om;rsm;tm; ausmif;wuf 75% rjynfhvQif pmar;yGJajzcGifh ray;onfhudpu ö dk wuoonf tif*sifeD,mausmif;om;rsm;or*¾ESifh vufwGJwdkufyGJ0ifvsuf ½Sdayonf/ þudpöudk wuorS 1957 ck? Edk0ifbmv (29) &ufuwnf;u qD;edwfodkY wifjyxm;aomfvnf; tif*sifeD,mr[mXmerSL;u aESmifhaES;xm;ojzifh Mum½Snv f m&m ,cktcg pmar;yGrJ sm; eD;uyfvmNyDjzpfaomaMumifh þudpu ö kd ajz½Si;f ay;&ef wuoESihf tif*sief , D mor*¾ udk,fpm;vS,fwdkYonf ygarmu©csKyfESifh (3) Budrfwdkif oGm;a&mufawGUqkH awmif;qdkaomfvnf; r&½Sdao;ojzifh a½SUquf vufaqmif½GufoGm;&ef tif*sifeD,mor*¾ESifh nd§EIdif;wdkifyifvsuf ½Sdayonf/ 7/ wuoa
(1) trsKd;om;aeh / 560

tcef; (5) txdrf;trSwfaehrsm;usif;yjcif; / (37) BudrfajrmuftrsKd;om;aeYudk 1957 ck? Edk0ifbmv (16) &ufaeYwGif wuoonf

Nidrf;csrf;a&; 'Drdkua&pDa&;BudK;yrf;rI - 1957 rS 1958 - 'Drdkua&pDa&; 'Drdkua&pDynma&; Nidrf;csrf;a&; trsdK;om;a&;toGif Auorsm;tzGJUcsKyf? &uowdkYESifh yl;aygif;OD;pD;um &efukefjrdKU ql;avbk&m;vrf; tvkyform;ausmufwdkifü usif;y jyKvkyfcJhayonf/ þatmifyGJaeYü ynma&;tqdk? 'Drdkua&pDa&;tqdkESifh Nidrf;csrf;a&;tqdkrsm; wifoGif;qkH;jzwfcsuf csrSwfEdkifcJhayonf/ (2) urÇmhausmif;om;aeh / / 1957 ck? Edk0ifbmv (17) &ufaeYonf urÇmYausmif;om;aeYjzpfonfh tavsmuf wuoonf Auorsm;tzGUJ csKyf? &uowdYk EiS hf yl;aygif;vsuf udv k ekd pD epfqefYusiaf &;? trsK;d om;vGwv f yfa&;? urÇmYNidr;f csrf;a&;? urÇmYausmif;om;xk aoG;pnf;nDñGwfa&;wdkYtwGuf a[majymyGJrsm;? uyGJrsm;ESifh wcrf;wem; usif;ycJhav onf/ urÇmYausmif;om;rsm;aeYudk *kPfjyKaomtm;jzifh yef;csDjyyGJESifh pmpDpmukH;jydKifyGJrsm;udkvnf; jyKvkyfcJhayonf/ yef;csDjyyGJudk wywfMumrQ wuocef;rwGif jyocJhayonf/ (3) ausmif;om;aeh / / (19) Budrfajrmufausmif;om;aeYudk wuoonf Auorsm;tzGJUcsKyf? &uowdkYESifh yl; aygif;um Adkvfatmifausmfvrf;? AdkvfatmifausmfpuGJ,m;ü 1957 ck? 'DZifbmv (20) &ufaeYwGif usif;ycJhavonf/ þausmif;om;aeYtcrf;tem; vlxkpnf;a0;yGJBuD;wGif ynma&;tqdkrsm;? 'Drdkua&pDa&;tqdkrsm;ESifh Nidrf;csrf;a&;tqdk rsm;udk wifoGif;qkH;jzwfcsufrsm; csrSwfcJhayonf/ tcef; (6) taxGaxG &Jabmfw-hkd wuotrIaqmiftzGJUonf csrSwfxm;aom vkyfief;udk taumiftxnfazmf&if; wuoBuD; BuD;xGm;wdk; wufa&;? *kPfodu©mjrifhwufa&;ESifh t"GefY½SnfpGmwnfjrJa&;wdkYtwGuf 0dkif;0ef;ulnD tm;ay;cJhMuaom yk*dK¾ vftoD;oD; wdkYtm; atmufazmfjyygtwdkif; aus;Zl;wif*kPfjyKaMumif; rSwfwrf;wifvdkufayonf/ wuoyd#uwfwdkufodkY pm;yGJukvm;xdkif (2) pkHESifh pmtkyfpmwrf;rsm; ay;vSLcJhaom EkdifiHawmf0efBuD;csKyf OD;EkodkY rsm;pGmaus;Zl; Oyum&wif½SdaMumif; wuorS rSwfwrf;wifcJhayonf/ pmMunfhwdkuf wdk;wufrItajctaeESifh ywfoufí yd#uwfwdkufrSL;u oD;jcm;tpD&ifcHpmwapmif wifoGif;OD;rnf jzpfayonf/ a½G;aumufyGJwGif yg0ifulnD BuD;MuyfcJhMuaom &efukefwuúodkvf q&m^rtaygif;wdkYtm; vnf;aumif;? rEÅav;r[mXmetoD;oD;rS q&m^rtaygif;wdkYtm; vnf;aumif;? wuo\ ynma&;a[majymyGJrsm;wGif pdwftm; xufoefpGm vma&mufa[majymulnDMuaom &efukefwuúodkvfq&mtoif;rS q&mBuD;rsm;tm; vnf;aumif; aus;Zl; Oyum& txl;wif½SdaMumif; rSwfwrf;wifcJhayonf/ wuorS zdwfMum;csuft& vma&mufa[majymMuaom EdkifiHjcm;yg&*ltoD;oD;wkdYtm; þodkY vma&muf a[majymjcif;aMumifh vnf;aumif;? þodYk a[majymEkid &f ef tpDtpOfrsm;vkyaf y;onfh ynma&;pkpH rf;rIaumfr½Sif wGb J uf twGif;a&;rSL; q&mOD;bjrifhtm; vnf;aumif; txl;aus;Zl;wifaMumif; *kPfjyKrSwfwrf;wifcJhayonf/ wuo\ zdwMf um;csuft& pmaytEkynmtaMumif; vma&mufa[majymcJah om pma&;q&mrsm;tm; vnf; aumif;? pma&;q&mtoif;tm; vnf;aumif; aus;Zl;wif½SdaMumif; rSwfwrf;wifcJhayonf/ rEÅav;tBudKyGaJ wmf wufa&mufpOf 11? 12? 57 &ufaeYwiG f rwuo? wuo ud, k pf m;vS,t f zGUJ 0ifrsm;tm; rdwfquf*kPfjyKyGJw&yf {nfhcHcJh&m xdk{nfhcHyGJtwGufvnf;aumif;? yGJawmfwufa&mufyg&ef zdwfMum;rItwGufvnf; aumif;? yGJawmfumvtwGif; jyKpkapmifha½Smuf {nfhcHrIrsm;twGufvnf;aumif;? wuorS rsm;pGmcsD;usL;*kPfjyKaus;Zl; wif½SdaMumif; rSwfwrf;wifcJhayonf/ urÇmYausmif;om;aeY txdrf;trSwfyGJwGif urÇmYausmif;om;rsm; owif;ywftwGif; (Edk0ifbm 17 rS 24 &ufaeYxd) zdwfrEÅujyKcsufaMumifh cif;usif;jyoaom yef;csDjyyGJjzpfatmif MudK;pm;aqmif½GufcJhonfh yef;csDq&m OD;eef;a0ESifh rdrdwdkYyef;csDum;csyfrsm; jyocGifhjyKaom yef;csDq&mBuD;toD;oD;wkdYtm; wuorS rsm;pGmaus;Zl;wif *kPfjyKygaMumif;ESifh rSwfwrf;wiftyfayonf/ urÇmYausmif;om;aeYtxdrf;trSwf ya'omuyGJwGif yg0ifujyaom ausmif;ol? ausmif;om;rsm;ESifhwuG 0dkif;awmfwD; tzGJUom;rsm;tm; aus;Zl;wif*kPfjyKaMumif; rSwfwrf;wifcJhayonf/ &Jabmfw-hdk azmfjycJo h nft h wdik ;f igwdYk wuotrIaqmiftzGUJ rS csrw S cf o hJ nfh vkyif ef;pOfrsm;udk taumiftxnfazmf&mwGif atmifjrifonfh tcsufrsm;vnf;½Sad yonf/ ratmifjrifao;onfh tcsufrsm;vnf;½Syd gonf/ wpdww f a'oom atmif 561

jrefrmEdkifiHausmif;om;vIyf&Sm;rIordkif; - atmifxGef; jrifao;onfh tcsufrsm;vnf; ½Sdygonf/ tcuftcJtrsKd;rsKd;ESifh tajctaetrsKd;rsKd;udk &ifqdkifaqmif½GufcJh&ojzifh csKdU,Gi;f wdr;f yg;csufrsm;vnf; ½So d nfukd igwdYk ziG [ hf 0efccH yhJ gonf/ þodYk qufvufí vkyu f ikd &f ef usef½adS eao;aom vkyfief;rsm;udkvnf; OD;vnfrokef qufvufvkyfudkifoGm;rnf[k av;eufpGm uwday;cJhygonf/ ausmif;om;xk\ wcJeufnDñGwfrItiftm;jzifh þvkyfief;rsm;udk atmifyGJyef;wdkifodkY a&mufonfhwdkifatmif aqmif½GufoGm;Ekdifrnf[k wifjy&if; ed*kH;csKyfcJhonf/ ausmif;om;xknDñGwfa&;rS atmifyGJodkh (yk)H armifpD 'k-Ouú| &efukefwuúodkvfausmif;om;rsm;or*¾ &efukefwuúodkvf aehpGJ- 1958 ck? azazmf0g&Dv (4) &ufaehwGif xkwfjyefaMunmonf/

(¡)

pmMunfw h u kd Xf metpD&ifcpH m

(tpD&ifcHpm tpydkif;aysmufqHk;aeonf/) or*¾pmMunfw h u kd o f nf þodYk tultnDawmif;cH&mü or*¾tcGit hf mPmESihf 0g'udk xdyg;apaom rnfonfh tultnDudkrQ vufcHpOf;pm;rnf r[kwfay/ pmtkyfrsm;xm;½SdyHkpepf wuopmMunfwdkuf½Sd pmtkyfrsm;udk (Decimal Classification) ac: bmomESifhvnf;aumif;? bmom &yfqdkif&m trsKd;tpm;tvdkuf eHygwfrsm;a&;xdk;um olYbmomESifhol oDjcm;pD½Sdayonf/ þenf;pepfaMumifh pmtkyf iSm;&rf;olonf tvdk½Sdaombmom&yfudk wdkuf½dkufa½G;cs,fEdkifonf/ þodkY or*¾pmMunfhwdkuftwGuf pmtkyfrsm;udk cJGjcm;í pepfwusxm;&mü wm0ef,laqmif½Guf vkyfudkifay;aom OD;tefYarmiftm; pmMunfhwdkufaumfrwD udk,fpm; aus;Zl;wif½SdaMumif; rSwfwrf;wiftyfygonf/ wuopmMunfhwdkuf\ owif;pm? *sme,fESifh ypönf;ud&d,mrsm;pm&if;udk atmufygtwkdif; jzpfayonf/ jrefrmowif;pmrsm; jrefrmhtvif; [Hom0wD vlxk &efukef xGef;aeYpOf vif;,kef ol&d, aMu;rHk

t*Fvdyfowif;pmrsm; ae½Sif; e,l;wdkif;

r*¾Zif;rsm; jr0wD aoG;aomuf

*sme,frsm; Time New Time

vlxk*sme,f pD;yGm;a&;*sme,f jynfolY*sme,f

pm;yJGukvm;xdkif (3) pHkESifh bD½dk (15) vHk; ½Sdonf/ owif;pmESihf *sme,frsm;rSm (enf;yg;ao;&m) wdk;csJU&ef vdktyfayonf/ wuo pmMunfhwdkufonf 1956 ckESpf topfwzef wnfaxmifEdkifcJhonfrSpí ,aeYtcsdefxd (2) ESpf oufwrf; ½Scd ahJ yonf/ odYk&mwGif or*¾pmMunfw h u kd rf mS ppfrjzpfru D vdk jrefrmjynf\ taumif;qH;k aom Edik if aH &;pmMunfh wdkufwck rjzpfvmao;ay/ 562

Nidrf;csrf;a&; 'Drdkua&pDa&;BudK;yrf;rI - 1957 rS 1958 - 'Drdkua&pDa&; 'Drdkua&pDynma&; Nidrf;csrf;a&; trsdK;om;a&;toGif ppfNyD;acwf jrefrmEdkifiH\ taumif;qHk;aom EdkifiHa&;pmMunfhwdkufwck jzpfajrmufa&; uREfkyfwdkY qufvuf BuKd;yrf;MuygpdkY/ - or*¾pmMunfUwdkuftm; 0dkif;0ef;ulnDMu - or*¾pmMunfUwdkuf wdk;wuf&rnf atmifomausmf pmMunfUwdkufXmerSL; &efukefwuúodkvfausmif;om;rsm;or*¾ &efukefwuúodkvf

563

jrefrmEdkifiHausmif;om;vIyf&Sm;rIordkif; - atmifxGef;

OD;pd;k ode;f (1957-58) Source: Oway Magazines

ajrmif;jrc½dik ?f tdrrf NJ rKdUe,f? ykvak nmif0idk f;½GmwGif arG;zGm;onf/ ykvkanmif0ikd ;f ½Gm jrefrmtxufwef;ausmif;? ajrmif;jrNrKdU tpd;k &txufwef;ausmif;rsm;wGif ynmoifMum;cJo h nf/ 1947-48 ckEpS w f iG f &efuek w f uúov kd o f Ykd a&muf½u dS m ynmqnf;yl;onf/ 1953 ckEpS ?f atmufwb kd m ausmif;wvydwaf &;ta&;awmfyw kH iG f zrf;qD;cH&NyD; &moufyef ausmif;xkwcf cH &hJ \/ 1956-57 ckEpS w f iG f ausmif;jyef0ifciG hf &½So d nf/ 1956-57 ckEpS rf mS yif wuotrI aqmifwOD;tjzpf a½G;aumufwifajr§mufjcif;cH&í twGi;f a&;rSL;wm0efukd ay;tyfjcif;cH&onf/ 1957-58 ckEpS f wGif wuo Ouú|jzpfonf/ Edik if aH wmftpd;k &u ynma&;pHpk rf;rIaumfrwDw&yfukd zGUJ pnf;cJo h nf/ ynma&;ESihf ywfoufí pHpk rf;ar;jref;jcif;rsm;? Edik if jH cm;yg&*lrsm;udk zdwaf c:um tMuHOmPfawmif;jcif;rsm; jyKvkycf \ hJ / Edik if aH wmftpd;k & tultnDjzifh ausmif; om;rsm; ynma&;ESD;aESmzvS,fyGJBuD; w&yfudk wuo? Auorsm;tzGJUcsKyfESifh wuúodkvfaumvdyfor*¾wdkYu OD;pD;um usif;ycJ\ h / Edik if aH wmftpd;k &u &efuek w f uúov kd rf S ausmif;om;cspMf unfa&;tzGUJ wzGUJ udk w½kwjf ynf? ,leefe,foYkd yxrqH;k tBudrf apvTwfcJh\/ w½kwfjynf? yDuif;NrdKUawmfü usif;yaom yÍörtBudrfajrmuf urÇmYausmif;om;rsm; or*¾nv D mcHoYkd wufa&mufc\ hJ /

&efuek w f uúov kd af usmif;om;rsm;or*¾ - td;k a0r*¾Zif;aumfrwD (1957-1958)

Source: Oway Magazines

564 ukdodef;½Sef (aiGxdef;) udkÓmPf&if (tdk;a0wm0efcH) udkwifat; (twGif;a&;rSL;) rMunfat; (trIaqmif) udkvSjrifU (trIaqmif) udkbdk;[ef (trIaqmif) udka|;atmif (tvkyfwm0efcH)

Nidrf;csrf;a&; 'Drdkua&pDa&;BudK;yrf;rI - 1957 rS 1958 - 'Drdkua&pDa&; 'Drdkua&pDynma&; Nidrf;csrf;a&; trsdK;om;a&;toGif

armifudk,k

('k-Ouú|)

udkpD

aemufqHk;wef; -

udkvSausmf

&efuem;

(,Ofaus;rIESifhupm;ckefpm;) (vlxkqufqHa&;)

'kwd,wef; - udkcifatmif

(wJGzuftwGif;a&;rSL;)

aY½Swef; - udkcifarmifBuD;

(tdk;a0wm0efcH)

udkÓmPf&if

(Ouú|)

udkpdk;odef;

OD;uHodef;

ygy,m;

(EdkifiHjcm;a&;)

udkatmifomausmf udkapmwomuvm;

(twGif;a&;rSL;)

udkcifarmiftkef;

(oufomacsmifcsda&;) (pmMunfwdkufrSL;)

udkatmifxGef;

(aiGxdef;)

udkodef;½Sef

&efuek w f uúov kd af usmif;om;rsm;or*¾ trIaqmiftzGUJ (1957- 1958) 565 Source: Oway Magazines

jrefrmEdkifiHausmif;om;vIyf&Sm;rIordkif; - atmifxGef;

1957-58 ckEpS f wuo rnfohkd a½G;aumufvdkuf oenf;

a½G;aumufyt JG BuKd nDñw G af &;wyfO;D ydpk wm vSnv Uf nfyJG

wyfO;D rS a
566

Source: Oway Magazines

&Jacgiaf rrsm;uvnf; þodw hk oG,f

Nidrf;csrf;a&; 'Drdkua&pDa&;BudK;yrf;rI - 1957 rS 1958 - 'Drdkua&pDa&; 'Drdkua&pDynma&; Nidrf;csrf;a&; trsdK;om;a&;toGif

a½G;aumufyu JG kd atmifjrifpmG Ny;D qH;k Ny;D aemuf? wnwmvH;k rJtEkid t f ½I;H udk apmifUíem;axmifMuaom &Jabmfrsm;rSm bGJYESif;obifta½SYwGif cJvsuyf if? aemufq;kH eHeuf (4) em&DwiG f tEkid t f ½H;I ausnm&m &efuif;rJ½rkH S rJy;kH ,lvmpOf

aq;odyw HÜ yfO;D rSvnf; þodhk

Source: Oway Magazines

wyfO;D rJy;kH udk uckeí f BuKd vifv U mMupOf

567

jrefrmEdkifiHausmif;om;vIyf&Sm;rIordkif; - atmifxGef;

ausmif;om;nDñGwfa&;wyfOD; udk,fpm;vS,frsm; ta½G;cH&aMumif; ausnmjcif;cH&í aysm½f iG pf mG jzifU a½G;aumufyJG NyD;qHk;cJUNyD;wum;/

rJrsm;udak &wGu&f ef rJy;kH oGev f u kd pf Of

wnwmvH;k tEkid t f ½I;H apmifq U ikd ;f í 'd;k ywfw;D aeMuaom wyfO;D &Jabmfrsm;

568

Source: Oway Magazines

tEkid &f ½Sad om wyfO;D &Jabmfrsm; wuúov kd ef ,fajrudk vSnv Uf nfuckepf Of