Metodo, Entrenamiento Y Principios Del Advia 120

ADVIA 120 

TECHNOLOGY

ADVIA 120 • Hematology Analyzer • Complete Blood Count (CBC) • White Blood Cell Differential (Diff) • Reticulocyte Analysis (Retic)

• Analysis on one aspiration of whole blood • 120 CBC/Diff samples per hour • Random Access Test Selectivity

Sample Handling 3 Modes of Aspiration • Multiple tube size • Multiple tube types • Small sample volume (157uL)

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Unified Fluidics Circuit

Unified Fluids Circuit (UFC)

The UFC assembly uses Unifluidics technology. The UFC block is made up of eight acrylic plates. Machined within these plates are the pathways for the fluids and air flow, valves, and four reaction chambers. An additional chamber is mounted on the outside surface of the UFC block. The reagent pump assembly, mounted to the bottom of the UFC block, is also acrylic.

Unified Fluids Circuit (UFC)

Dividing the Sample

The Sample Shear Valve divides the sample into 5 aliquots for the different types of tests. The reagents and sample segments are delivered to their respective reaction chambers for mixing and aspiration.

Side View of UFC

ADVIA 120 

METHODS

The HGB Method

ADVIA 120 HGB contains: - Potassium cyanide, 20 mmol/L - Dimethyllaurylamine oxide, 2.0%

Reaction: - Red blood cells are lysed to release hemoglobin. - The heme iron in the hemoglobin is oxidized from the ferrous to the ferric state, and then it is combined with cyanide in the ADVIA 120 HGB reagent to form the reaction product. CYANISATION HEMOGLOBIN + HGB reagent Fe++

METHEMOGLOBIN Fe+++

CYANIDE HGB Fe+++.CN

The HGB Method

HGB reaction chamber

Lamp assembly

UFC

Filter + Photodiode

Optical readings are obtained colorimetrically at 546 nm.

The HGB Method

1. ADVIA 120 Sheath/Rinse reading from previous cycle 2. Draining and refilling with the reaction solution 3. Reaction solution readings (Sample Mean) 4. Draining and refilling with the ADVIA 120 Sheath/Rinse seconds

5. ADVIA 120 Sheath/Rinse readings (Baseline Mean)

The HGB Method Calculating reported parameters •

HGB

Hemoglobin (directly measured)

•

MCH (Mean Corpuscular Hemoglobin)

(HGB ÷ RBC) x 10

•

MCHC (Mean Corpuscular Hemoglobin Concentration)

(HGB ÷ [RBC x MCV]) x 1000

FLOWCELL TECHNOLOGY

Shuttle chamber

Sheath stream

Sample stream ADVIA 120 SHEATH encases the sample stream as the two fluids pass through the flowcell. Light detects the cells as they pass through the light path.

The RBC Method

ADVIA 120 RBC/PLT contains: -

Sodium dodecyl sulfate, 0.035 mmol/L Disodium EDTA dihydrate, 4.03 mmol/L Tetrasodium EDTA dihydrate, 3.36 mmol/L Sodium chloride, 109.3 mmol/L Glutaraldehyde, 0.11% Buffer

Reaction: - ADVIA 120 RBC/PLT reagent contains sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) and glutaraldehyde that causes sphering of the red blood cells and platelets. When red cells and platelets are isovolumetrically sphered, shape is eliminated as a variability factor. - RBCs and platelets are fixed

The RBC Method

No matter what your shape or size .... We can make you a SPHERE

The RBC Method Low angle scatter 2o - 3o (Volume)

High angle scatter 5o - 15o (HGB concentration)

The RBC Method

Laserdiode

Sample stream

Beamsplitter

Dark stop

Mirror

Referentie signaal Absorption detector Front view of the dark stop

Low-angle scatter detector

High-angle scatter detector

The RBC Method

The RBC Scatter cytogram is the graphical representation of two light-scatter measurements: the high-angle light scatter (5° to 15°) is plotted along the x axis, and the low-angle light scatter (2° to 3°) is plotted along the y axis. 1. Low-angle light scatter (2° to 3°) 2. High-angle light scatter (5° to 15°) 3. Mie map containing RBCs 4. Platelets detected in RBC method

The RBC Method

The Volume/Hemoglobin Concentration (V/HC) cytogram is a linear version of the RBC map that appears on the RBC cytogram. On the V/HC cytogram, hemoglobin concentration is plotted along the x axis and cell volume is plotted along the y axis. Only red blood cells appear on this cytogram. 1. 60 fL volume marker 2. 120 fL volume marker 3. 28 g/dL HC marker 4. 41 g/dL HC marker

The RBC Method

Hypochrmic

120 60

Volume - MCV

Normocytic Normochromic

Microcytic 28

41

HGB Concentration - CHCM

Hyperchromic

Macrocytic

Volume - MCV

The RBC Method

HGB Concentration - CHCM

60

120

The RBC Method

28

41

The RBC Method

The RBC Volume histogram represents the distribution of red blood cells by cell volume. The histogram has a range from 0 fL to 200 fL. Normal samples have a bell-curve shaped distribution with a mode channel between 60 fL and 120 fL. The mean corpuscular volume (MCV) and the red cell distribution width (RDW) are determined from this histogram. • MCV is the mean of the of RBC Volume histogram. • RDW is the coefficient of variation of the population.

The RBC Method

The RBC hemoglobin concentration (RBC HC) histogram represents the distribution of red blood cells by cellular hemoglobin concentration. The histogram has a range from 0 g/dL to 50 g/dL. Normal samples have a bell-curve shaped Hgb concentration distribution with a mean channel between 28 g/dL and 41 g/dL. The cell hemoglobin concentration mean (CHCM) and the hemoglobin distribution width (HDW) are obtained from this histogram. • CHCM is the mean of the RBC HC histogram. • HDW is the standard deviation of the RBC HC histogram.

The RBC Method

The RBC CH (cellular hemoglobin) histogram represents the distribution of red blood cells by the amount of hemoglobin present in each cell independent of cell volume. The histogram has a range from 0 picograms to 100 picograms. •

Cellular Hemoglobin Content (CH) is the mean of the RBC CH histogram.

•

Cell hemoglobin distribution width (CHDW) is the standard deviation of the RBC CH histogram.

The RBC Method Calculating reported parameters

•

RBC (Red Blood cel Count)

•

MCV Mean of RBC Volume histogram (Mean Corpuscular Volume)

•

HCT (Hematocrit)

(RBC x MCV) ÷ 10

•

MCH (Mean Corpuscular Hemoglobin)

(HGB ÷ RBC) x 10

•

MCHC (Mean Corpuscular Hemoglobin Concentration)

(HGB ÷ [RBC x MCV]) x 1000

Number of Red Cells (directly measured)

The RBC Method Calculating reported parameters •

CHCM

•

CH

•

RDW

•

HDW

Mean of RBC HC histogram (Corpuscular Hemoglobin Concentration Mean) Mean of RBC CH histogram (Corpuscular Hemoglobin content) 100 x (SD of RBC Volume histogram ÷ MCV) (Red cell volume Distribution Width) SD of RBC HC histogram (Hemoglobin concentration Distribution Width)

The RBC Method

Calculating reported parameters

•

%MICRO

Percent of red blood cells smaller than 60 fL

•

%MACRO

Percent of red blood cells larger than120 fL

•

%HYPO

Percent of red blood cells with less than 28 g/dL HGB

•

%HYPER

Percent of red blood cells with more than 41 g/dL HGB

The three severity levels are: +, ++ or +++ and are customized by Bayer for each customer site based on the technologists severity levels on the manual differentials

The Platelet Method

The 2-Dimensional platelet analysis (2D-PLT method) is based on the integrated analysis of red blood cell and platelet measurements.

Area of Platelet Analysis

Volume = Size

The Platelet Method

Using the Mie theory of light scattering for homogeneous spheres , the low-angle and high-angle light scatter signals for each cell are transformed into volume and refractive index values. The PLT Scatter cytogram is the graphical representation of two light-scatter measurements • (5° to 15°), scatter is plotted on the x axis • (2° to 3°), scatter is plotted on the y axis

Refractive Index = Platelet Content

The Platelet Method

PLATELET CYTOGRAM

2 5

3 1 4

1 2 3 4 5

Platelets Large platelets Red blood cells RBC fragments RBC ghosts

The Platelet Method

The 2D-PLT VOL histogram shows the distribution of cells by volume. Volume data are obtained from the integrated analysis. The histogram has a range from 0 fL to 60 fL.

The Platelet Method Calculating reported parameters •

PLT

•

MPV (Mean Platelet Volume)

Mean of 2D-PLT Vol histogram

•

Large LPLT (Large Platelets)

Platelets with volumes greater than 20 fL

PLT Count x RBC Cal Factor x PLT Cal Factor (Platelet count)

The Platelet Method Morphology Flags The three severity levels are: +, ++ or +++ •

LPLT (Large Platelets)

The percentage of large platelets (%LPLT) is greater than 10% of the platelet count

•

RBCF (RBC Fragments)

The presence of RBC fragments is suspected. This flag is triggered if the number of events in the RBC Fragment area of the PLT Scatter cytogram is greater than 100,000 cells/ul

•

RBCG (RBC Ghosts)

The presence of RBC ghosts is suspected. This flag occurs if the number of events in the RBC Ghost area of the PLT Scatter cytogram is greater than 100,000 cells/ul

The Retic Method

ADVIA 120 autoRETIC contains: - Oxazine 750, 11.4 mg/L - Buffer - N-Tetradecyl-N,N-dimethyl-3-ammonio-1-propane sulfonate, 0.023 mmol/L

Reaction: The ADVIA 120 autoRETIC reagent contains a zwitterionic detergent (surfactant) that isovolumetrically spheres the red cells. It also contains a cationic dye, Oxazine 750, that stains cells according to their RNA content.

The Retic Method

The Retic Method

Laserdiode

Sample stream

Beamsplitter

Dark stop

Absorption detector

Low-angle scatter detector

Mirror

Referentie signaal

Front view of the dark stop

High-angle scatter detector

The Retic Method

The RETIC Scatter ABS cytogram is the graphical representation of the absorption and light-scatter measurements: • absorption (cell maturation) is plotted along the x axis • light scatter (cell size) is plotted along the y axis. 1 2 3 4 5 A B C D E F

RTC Platelet threshold RTC Coincidence threshold RTC threshold Low/Medium RTC threshold Medium/High RTC threshold Mature RBCs Low absorption retics Medium absorption retics High absorption retics Platelets Coincidence events

The Retic Method

The RETIC Volume histogram represents the overlaid distributions of mature RBCs and reticulocytes by cell size only. The histogram has a range from 0 fL to 200 fL..

The RETIC hemoglobin concentration (RETIC HC) histogram represents the overlaid distributions of mature RBCs and reticulocytes by cellular hemoglobin concentration only. The histogram has a range from 0 g/dL to 50 g/dL. Mature RBC population (red) Reticulocyte population (blue)

The Retic Method

The RETIC cellular hemoglobin (RETIC CH) histogram represents the overlaid distributions of mature RBCs and reticulocytes by the actual weight or mass of hemoglobin present in each cell. The histogram has a range from 0 pg to 100 pg. Mature RBC population (red)

Reticulocyte population (blue)

The Retic Method Calculating reported parameters •

%RETIC (%Reticulocytes)

100 x (RETIC Count) x % Retic Cal Factor

•

#RETIC (#Reticulocytes)

RBC x (%Retic ÷ 100)

•

MCVr (Mean Cell Volume reticulocytes)

Mean of the RETIC Volume histogram for the reticulocyte population

•

CHr (Cellular Hemoglobin content reticulocytes)

Mean of the RETIC CH histogram for the reticulocyte population

•

CHCMr Mean of the Retic HC histogram for the reticulocyte population (Cell Hemoglobin Concentration Mean reticulocytes)

The Retic Method Calculating reported parameters •

IRF-H (Immature Reticulocytes Fraction High)

100 x (#HRetic ÷ RETIC Count)

•

IRF-M+H (Immature Reticulocytes Fraction Medium + High)

100 x ([#HRetic + #MRetic] ÷ RETIC Count)

These Parameters Not FDA Cleared For Reporting - Investigational Use Only

The Retic Method Erythropoietin Treatment

Beginning

After 2 weeks

After 4 days

After 1 month

The Perox Method ADVIA 120 PEROX 1 contains: -

Sodium dodecyl sulfate, 0.36 mmol/L Sorbitol, 620 mmol/L Sodium chloride, 8.35 mmol/L Formaldehyde, 5.5% BRIJ-35, 0.100 mmol/L Buffer

Reaction: - Surfactants (sodium dodecyl sulfate and Brij-35) in combination with thermal stress lyse the red blood cells. - Formaldehyde fixes the white blood cells.

The Perox Method

ADVIA 120 PEROX 2 contains: - 4-Chloro-1-naphthol, 44.8 mmol/L - Diethylene glycol, 99.2% ADVIA 120 PEROX 3 contains: - Stabilizer - Hydrogen peroxide, 0.3% Reaction: - The 4-Chloro-1-naphthol in ADVIA 120 PEROX 2 serves as a substrate that enables the hydrogen peroxide in ADVIA 120 PEROX 3 to form a dark precipitate at sites of peroxidase activity in the granules of white blood cells as described by the following equation: cellular peroxidase H2O2 + 4-chloro-1-naphthol

dark precipitate within the cells

The Perox Method

If you have the granules - we have the stain I’m melting

PEROX STAIN

But you still look pale Boy, your granules look great !

The Perox Method Number of neutrophil granules

Bone marrow

Blood

# granules

Promyelocytes Myelocytes Metamyelocytes Band cells Mature PMN

Blasts Cell maturation

The Perox Method Cytochemical classification according to peroxidase activity Cel type

Peroxidase

Myeloblasts Promyelocytes Myelocytes Metamyelocytes Band cells Neutrophils Eosinophils Basophils Lymphoblasts Prolymphocytes Lymphocytes Atypical lymphocytes Monoblasts Promonocytes Monocytes Plasma cells Nucleated red blood cells

-, sometimes ½+ (especially micromyeloblasts) 3+ 3+ 3+ 2-3+ 2+ 4+ ½-1+ (stay unstained in the ADVIA 120) ½-1+ 1+ -

The Perox Method

Absorption detector Filter Scatter detector Tungsten lamp

Sample stream

Beam splitter

Dark stop

The Perox Method Scatter signal to measure the volume of the cells

Absorption signal for peroxidase activity measurement Cells with medium peroxidase activity absorbs less light

than cells with high peroxidase activity

The Perox Method

Light scatter = Cell Size

The PEROX cytogram is divided into 100 counting channels on each axis. The cells absorb light proportional to the amount of peroxidase stain present, and this is represented on the x axis. Cells scatter light proportional to their size, and this is represented on the y axis. When the light scatter and absorption data are plotted, distinct populations or clusters are formed. Cluster analysis identifies each population based on its position, area, and density, and then the number of cells in each population is processed. The lines that separate the different cell populations are calculated by the software on a sample-bysample basis. Absorbed light = Peroxidase Activity

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

Noise Nucleated Red Blood Cells Platelet Clumps Lymphocytes and Basophils Large Unstained Cells Monocytes Neutrophils Eosinophils

The Perox Method

The Perox Method Calculating reported parameters •

WBCP RawWBC x (PeroxCalFactor) (White Blood cell Count Perox)

•

%NEUT (%Neutrophils)

([100 x Neutrophil Count] + %HPX) ÷ PHA Cells

•

#NEUT (#Neutrophils)

(%NEUT ÷ 100) x WBC

•

%LYMPH (%Lymphocytes)

([100 x Lymphocyte Count] ÷ PHA Cells) - %BASO

•

#LYMPH (#Lymphocytes)

(%LYMPH ÷ 100) x WBC

•

%MONO (%Monocytes)

(100 x Monocyte Count) ÷ PHA Cells

•

#MONO (#Monocytes)

(%MONO ÷ 100) x WBC

The Perox Method Calculating reported parameters •

%EOS (%Eosinophils)

(100 x Eosinophil Count) ÷ PHA Cells

•

#EOS (#Eosinophils)

(%EOS ÷ 100) x WBC

•

%LUC (%Large Unstained Cells))

(100 x LUC Count) ÷ PHA Cells

•

#LUC

(%LUC ÷ 100) x WBC (#Large Unstained Cells)

The Perox Method Morphology Flags The three severity levels are: +, ++ or +++ •

ATYP (Atypical Lymphocytes)

The presence of atypical lymphocytes is suspected.

•

IG (Immature Granulocytes)

The presence of immature granulocytes is suspected.

•

MPO Sample is a weak peroxidase stainer. (Myeloperoxidase deficiency)

•

NRBC The presence of nucleated red blood cells is suspected. (Nucleated Red Blood Cells)

•

PLT-CLM (Platelet Clumps)

Presence of clumped platelets is suspected.

The Baso Method ADVIA 120 BASO contains: -

Hydrochloric acid, 9.00 mmol/L Phthalic acid, 21.49 mmol/L Preservative Surfactant

Reaction: - The ADVIA 120 BASO reagent contains phthalic acid and a surfactant which lyses the red cells, platelets, and the cytoplasm of all white cell types except basophils.

The Baso Method

The Baso Method

Laserdiode

Sample stream

Beamsplitter

Dark stop

Absorption detector

Low-angle scatter detector

Mirror

Referentie signaal

Front view of the dark stop

High-angle scatter detector

The Baso Method

Cell Size

When the high-angle light scatter (nuclear configuration) is plotted on the x axis, and the low-angle light scatter (cell size) is plotted on the y axis, distinct populations or clusters are formed. Cluster analysis identifies each population based on its position, area, and density, and then counts the number of cells/nuclei in each population. The BASO cytograms is representative of a patient specimen.

Nuclear Configuration

1 2 3 4 5 6 7

Noise Blast cell nuclei Mononuclear WBCs (Monocyte and Lymphocyte nuclei) Basophils Baso Suspect Saturation Polymorphonuclear WBCs (Neutrophil and Eosinophil nuclei)

The Baso Method

The Baso Method Calculating reported parameters •

WBCB RawWBC x (BasoCalFactor) (White Blood cell Count Baso)

•

%BASO (%Basophils)

100 x (BASO Count ÷ BASO PHA Cells )

•

#BASO (#Basophils)

(%BASO ÷ 100) x WBCB

•

%BLAST (%Blasts)

100 x (Blasts ÷ BASO PHA Cells )

•

%MN (%Mononuclear cells)

100 x (MN ÷ BASO PHA Cells )

•

%PMN (%Polymorphonuclear cells)

100 x (PMN ÷ BASO PHA Cells )

•

%BASO Suspect (%BASO Suspect)

100 x (BASO Suspect ÷ BASO PHA Cells )

The Baso Method Morphology Flags The three severity levels are: +, ++ or +++ •

BLASTS (Blasts)

The presence of blasts is suspected.

•

LS (Left Shift)

The presence of nonsegmented neutrophils (bands) is suspected.

THE END