Meningitis

MENINGITIS

DEFINITION

 It is defined as inflammation of the meninges and especially of the pia and archanoid matter.

BACTERIAL MENINGITIS  An acute inflammation of meninges caused by bacteria.  It is caused by Streptococcus pneumonia and Neisseria meningitidis.

 It causes hearing loss, brain damage and learning disability.

 It spreads through contact with fluids from the mouth or nose of a

Types

sick Person.

VIRAL MENINGITIS  An acute inflammation of meninges caused by viruses.

 It is caused by Echovirus and Poliovirus.  It occurs rarely.  It spreads through saliva or stool.

 Pneumococcal  From pneumonia, Otitis Media, Alcoholism, Diabetes, Complement Deficiency and Head Trauma.

 N. meningitidis-25% of all cases.

ETIOLOGY

 Petechial or purpuric skin rash.  Fulminant-death within hours.  Enteric gram negative –chronic debilitating diseases.

 L. monocytogenes –Ingestion of food contaminated.

 Decreased level of consciousness.  Nausea,vomitting and photophobia are very common.

CLINICAL FEATURES

 Seizures-initial Presentation.  Focal-focal arterial ischemia, cortical venous thrombosis and focal oedema.

 Hyponatremia and anoxia are also observed.  Rash of meningicoccemia is observed.

 Bacterial InInvasion.  Release of Cytokines.  Subrachnoid Inflammation.

 Emigration of neutrophils.

PATHOGENESIS

 Cerebral oedema.  Impaired cerebral blood Flow.  Intracranial Preis, Vascullitis.  Focal neurologic injury.

 CSF ANALYSIS.

DIAGNOSIS

 Blood Cultures.  CT Scan/MRI.

IMPORTANT QUESTIONS What is Meningitis?

Explain the etiology and types of Meningitis. Explain the pathogenesis of bacterial meningitis.

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