L03 Slides
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Neural Communication
Neural Communication
Signal Electrical Currents Action Potential Change in Axon Terminal Neurotransmitter Release Post Synaptic Changes
Neurotransmitter Discovery
The Synapse
3.10
1
Chemical Transmission
The Synapse •Soma •Axon •Dendrite •Vesicles •Synaptic
cleft
•Receptors •Postsynaptic •Presynaptic •Glia Diffusion
Chemical Signals
Neurotransmitters
Neurotransmittes •
“Classical’”
Neuropeptides
Monoamines
Multiple receptor types for each Effect is dependent on receptor
2
Glutamate & GABA
Ach & Monoamine NTs
Biosynthesis
Biosynthesis
Small molecule NTs synthesized from diet
Small molecule NTs synthesized from diet Via enzymatic conversion
Enzymatic conversion
3
Biosynthesis
Neurotransmitter Life Cycle
Many NTs closely related Monoamines Amino Acids
Neurons Often Secrete BothCo Release
NT Release Excitation-secretion coupling • • • • • •
Depolarization Voltage-gated Ca++ channels Ca++ Triggered Cascade Movement of vesicles to release site Exocytosis Diffusion
Inactivation Reuptake •
transporters
Enzymatic Degradation Astrocytes
4
Receptors
Ligand-Gated Channels
Receptor Classification
Receptor Classification
Receptors
6.5
By Location •
Postsynaptic
•
Presynaptic (Autoreceptor)
By Transduction Mechanism NT
• • •
Release Synthesis Impulse
Outside cell
Receptor
Membrane
Transduction
Inside cell
Effector
5
Ionotropic Receptors
Two Transduction Mechanisms •
Conc gradient • Rapid effect • Rapid reversal ACh Nicotinic Act • Na+ channel GABAA • Cl- channel
Metabotropic Receptors
Metabotropic Receptors •
•
Coupled to G Protein • Slower, longer lasting effects
•
Ion Channel Enzyme coupled to 2nd messenger • Cascade That Can Alter Gene Transcription • Activate TFactor • Regulate T • Suppress • Enhance •
New genes
6
Cellular Cascade •
•
Synaptic Variety
Initial Phase • Immediate Early Genes Second Phase • Late Onset Genes
Post Synaptic Potentials
Excitatory and Inhibitory Synapses
+
-
7
Post Synaptic Potentials
Signal Integration Spatial Summation
Other Synapse Types Tight junctions • Membranes fused
Temporal Summation
Other Synapse Types •
Gap Junctions
8
Drugs Saline Amphetamine Home
Novel
c-fos mRNA Expression
9
Neural Communication
Signal Electrical Currents Action Potential Change in Axon Terminal Neurotransmitter Release Post Synaptic Changes
Neurotransmitter Discovery
The Synapse
3.10
1
Chemical Transmission
The Synapse •Soma •Axon •Dendrite •Vesicles •Synaptic
cleft
•Receptors •Postsynaptic •Presynaptic •Glia Diffusion
Chemical Signals
Neurotransmitters
Neurotransmittes •
“Classical’”
Neuropeptides
Monoamines
Multiple receptor types for each Effect is dependent on receptor
2
Glutamate & GABA
Ach & Monoamine NTs
Biosynthesis
Biosynthesis
Small molecule NTs synthesized from diet
Small molecule NTs synthesized from diet Via enzymatic conversion
Enzymatic conversion
3
Biosynthesis
Neurotransmitter Life Cycle
Many NTs closely related Monoamines Amino Acids
Neurons Often Secrete BothCo Release
NT Release Excitation-secretion coupling • • • • • •
Depolarization Voltage-gated Ca++ channels Ca++ Triggered Cascade Movement of vesicles to release site Exocytosis Diffusion
Inactivation Reuptake •
transporters
Enzymatic Degradation Astrocytes
4
Receptors
Ligand-Gated Channels
Receptor Classification
Receptor Classification
Receptors
6.5
By Location •
Postsynaptic
•
Presynaptic (Autoreceptor)
By Transduction Mechanism NT
• • •
Release Synthesis Impulse
Outside cell
Receptor
Membrane
Transduction
Inside cell
Effector
5
Ionotropic Receptors
Two Transduction Mechanisms •
Conc gradient • Rapid effect • Rapid reversal ACh Nicotinic Act • Na+ channel GABAA • Cl- channel
Metabotropic Receptors
Metabotropic Receptors •
•
Coupled to G Protein • Slower, longer lasting effects
•
Ion Channel Enzyme coupled to 2nd messenger • Cascade That Can Alter Gene Transcription • Activate TFactor • Regulate T • Suppress • Enhance •
New genes
6
Cellular Cascade •
•
Synaptic Variety
Initial Phase • Immediate Early Genes Second Phase • Late Onset Genes
Post Synaptic Potentials
Excitatory and Inhibitory Synapses
+
-
7
Post Synaptic Potentials
Signal Integration Spatial Summation
Other Synapse Types Tight junctions • Membranes fused
Temporal Summation
Other Synapse Types •
Gap Junctions
8
Drugs Saline Amphetamine Home
Novel
c-fos mRNA Expression
9
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