Kebay Da Didebay Kartveltay Da Kartvelta Enisay

cfmfhsdtkjc vtwybtht,fsf frfltvbbc [tkyfothsf bycnbnenb mesfbcbc cf[tkvobaj eybdthcbntnbc lbfktmnjkjubbc bycnbnenb

mt,f ò lf lblt,f ò mt,fò lblt,fò mfhsekbcf tybcf ò tybcfò ~mt,fò mfhsdtksfò lf mfhsdtksf tybcfò`

@___

itvlutytk-htlfmnjhb

NFHBTK AENRFHF'T

vflkj,fc de'qdybs5 mtstdfy ,fmhf ,fmhf''tc ktkf ifsbhbidbkc ktkf [fzfgehb [fzfgehb''tc ybrj [ewbidbkc

c

t. futkaraZe

i b y f f h c b itvlutytk-htlfmnjhbcfufy-------------------------5 sfdb 6 3mt,f~c4 [tkyfotht,b-------------------------* sfdb 66 3mt,f~c4 itcofdkbc bcnjhbbc cfrbs[t,b------------------------------------%! sfdb 666 3mt,f~c4 ntmcnjkjubeh-ctvfynbrehb fyfkbpbc cfrbs[t,b---------------------------^( sfdb 6| 3mt,f~c4 lfothbc sfhbqb lf cfufkj,kbc fdnjhbc cfrbs[b----------------*% sfdb | 3.jdtksf mfhsdtksf4 lfcf,fvb 3mt,f~c4 vb[tldbs----------------------------(%

lfyfhsb5 f8 3mt,f~c4 sfhuvfyt,b----------------------------!!* ,8 cfufkj,tkb-------------------------------------!!( g8 ,b,kbjuhfabf----------------------------------!@#

obuybc itvlutytk-htlfmnjhbcufy fhmtjkjubehb vjyfwtvt,b w[fl.jac7 hjv cfmfhsdtkjc nthbnjhbfpt vfqfkb reknehbc vmjyt cf[tkvobaj ]th rbltd %))) okbc oby eylf fhct,ekb.j9 vbcb wtynhb mfhskib bdfhfelt,f8 fbtnbc7 vtltfcf lf facbhntc itcf[t, ktutylt,b vbesbst,ty7 hjv mfhsdtksf 'kbthb cf[tkvobaj ~wtynhbs erdt cfv[htslfcfdkts cfmfhsdtkjib` #%)) okbc obyfs vtpj,tksfsdbc pqfghek mdt.fyfc ofhvjflutylf888 xdtyb vtvfnbfytyb 3.jdtksf mfhsdtksf4 vtatt,bc pecn fsdkfc mhbcntvlt 666 cfereytib vjqdfot lblb vtabs 2 afhyfdfpbs bo.t,ty8 .jdtkb thbc idbkt,b sfdbfysb mdt.ybc ofhcekib7 fov.jcf se vjvfdfkib t't,ty vij,tkb thbc uf,ho.byt,bc gthbjlc se vbcbfc7 f.fkb,t,ty vtcbfybcneh cekbcrdtst,fc888 vtcbfybpvbc jhudfh cf[tpt itudb'kbf dbkfgfhfrjs5 thsb jhbtynbht,ekbf fvmdt.ybeh ~fov.jcvbth` 'fkfeakt,fpt lf7 vtnobkfl7 fuhtcbekb [lt,f7 vtjht rb uf,ho.byt,fc qdsbeh ~mhbcntcvbth` vjvfdfksfy frfdibht,c8 fuhtcbekb 3vtcbfybpvb4 fhfbidbfsfl .dtkf [th[bs wlbkj,c sdbsufy[jhwbtkt,fc lf fv lhjc ltlfvbofpt ifd,ytkb jvt,bc

[fyf bcflueht,c ~b[87 vfufkbsfl7 afibpvbc7 rjveybpvbcf lf c[df cf[bc bltjkjubt,b7 hjvkt,bw 'kbthb mdt.yt,bc fv,bwbt,ib htfkbplt,f [jkvt`8 cfvjvfdkj vtcbfybpvb cekbth cbvfqktc tae'yt,f lf ufycfpqdhfdc rbltw vfc8 mfhsdtkehb vtcbfybpvbc itvjmvtlyb fsdkfc ijhtekb ofhcekblfy bo.t,lyty lf vfhflbek lblt,fc vjvfdfkib [tlfdlyty8 xdtytekb vtcbfybcnehb bltf vfhskvflblt,kj,bc ztivfhbn cfpqdht,c fhfcjltc ufcwbkt,bf7 hflufyfw mfhsdtkb vjqdfotyb xdtyb thbc qdsbeh uf,ho.byt,fc v[jkjl ufvjw[flt,bc ;fvc erfdibht,lyty888

obyfvlt,fht rht,ekb mhbcnbfyj,bcf lf mfhsdtksf ufmhbcnbfyt,bc @))) okbcsfdc t'qdyt,f8 vfcib ofhvjlutybkbf mfhsekb vtcbfybcnehb sdfksf[tldbs itmvybkb egbhdtktcb mvybkt,bc 3mt,f~ lf lblt,f~ mfhsekbcf tybcf~c4 [tkyfotht,b7 sfhuvfyt,b7 itcofdkbc bcnjhbf7 ntmcnbc fyfkbpb7 mfhsdtksf bcnjhbbc cfrbs[t,b7 cfufkj,tkb7 ,b,kbjuhfabf ~ufhtrfypt fq,tzlbkbf lfdfsbc cntkbc fqlutybkb ahfuvtynb7 [jkj vt-% lf !!%-t udthlt,pt ofhvjlutybkbf bjdfyt-pjcbvtc yf[fnt,b`8 yfihjvbc fdnjht,b fhbfy5 6 sfdb 2 kbkb

[tdcehbfyb

66766676|7| sfdt,b 2 nfhbtk

aenrfhf aenrfhf'' t

sfhuvfyt,b 2 pehf,

rbryf rbryf'' t

cfufkj,tkb 2 bjct,

rtzf.vf rtzf.vf'' t

v[fndfhb 2 bkbf zhtkfidbkb

Tavi I `qeba~s”

xelnawerebi

~ò da dideba~ ~ò qarTulisa enisa~ ~ò qeba~ moslvisa misisa sawamebelad, ra~Ta yovelsa da ese ena~ò mZinare ars dResamomde da saxarebasa da axalman nino moaqcia da helene dedofalman, ese arian orni dani, viTarca mariam da marTa~. da megobroba~ amisTÊs Tqua, viTarmed yoveli da oTxisa dRisa mkudari, amisTÊs Tqua daviT winawarmetyuelman, rameTu `weli aTasi da saxarebasa Sina qarTulsa, Tavsa xolo

da ityÊs yovlad oTx aTassa maragsa, da ese ars oTxi dRð; da oTxisa dRisa mkudari, amisTÊs mis Tanave dafluli sikudiliTa naTlisRebisa misisa~Ta. da ese ena~,ò Semkuli da kurTxeuli saxeliTa uflisa~Ta, mdabali da dawunebuli, moelis dResa mas meored moslvasa uflisasa. da saswaulad ese aqus oTxmeoc da aToTxmeti weli umetðs sxuaTa enaTa qristðs moslviTgan da ese yoveli, romeli weril ars, mowamed warmogiTxar _ ese wili anbanisa~.

1. Sin 34-bc ahfuvtynb7 fv;fvfl lfwekbf hectsbc thjdyekb ,b,kbjstrbc ,th'yek [tkyfothsf rjktmwbfib Gr.VII,6r. \ c-bc ief okt,b8 bjdfyt-pjcbvtc fdnjuhfab8

qebaÁ qarToÂlisa enisaÁ

lcyT a~n

damarxul ars enaY qarTuli dRedmde meored moslvisa misisa sawamebelad r~a y~lsa enasa R~n amxilos amiT eniTa da ese enaY mZi nare ars dResamomde da saxarebasa Sina amas enasa lazare hrqKan da axalman nino moaqcia da he ne dedofalman ese arian orni dani v~a mariam da marTaY da megobrobaY amisTKs Tq~a v~d y~li saidumloY amas enasa S~a damarxul ars: da oTxisa dRisa mk~dari amisTKs Tq~a daviT ww~ylmn r~ weli aTasi v~a erTi dRG da sax~rebasa Sina qarTulsa Tavsa x~ maTGssa werili zis r~l asoY ars da ityKs y~lad oTx aTassa maragsa: da ese ars oTxi dRG da oTxisa dRisa mkudari amisTKs mis Tanave dafluli sik~diliTa naTlisRebisa misisaYTa da ese enaY Semkuli da k~xli saxeliTa o~isYTa mdabali da dawuneb~li moelis dResa mas meored moslvasa o~isasa da saswa ulad ese aqus oTxmeoc da aToTx meti weli umetGs sxaTa enaTa q~es mosl~viTg~n v~e dRemmmde da ese y~li r~li weril ars mowamed warmo giTxar asi ese weli anbanisaY > l~cyT a~n

qeba~

qarTulisa enisa~

l~cyT a~n

d amarxul ars ena~ qarTuli dRedmde meored moslvisa misisa sawamebelad r~a y~lsa enasa R@n amxilos amiT eniTa d a ese ena~ mZi nare ars dResamomde da saxarebasa Sina amas enasa lazare hrqAan da axalman nino moaqcia da he ne dedofalman ese arian orni dani v@a mariam da marTa~ d a megobroba~ amisTAs Tq~a v~d y~li saidumlo~ amas enasa S~a damarxul ars: da oTxisa dRisa mk~dari amisTAs Tq~a daviT ww~ylmn r~ weli aTasi v~a erTi dRA d a sax~rebasa Sina qarTulsa Tavsa x~ maTYssa werili zis r~l aso~ ars da ityAs y~lad oTx aTassa maragsa: d a ese ars oTxi dRY d da oTxisa dRisa mkudari amisTAs mis Tanave dafluli sik~diliTa naTlisRebisa misisa ~ Ta d a ese ena~ Semkuli da k~xli saxeliTa o~is~Ta mdabali da dawuneb~li moelis dResa mas meored moslvasa o~isasa da saswa ulad ese aqus oTxmeoc da aToTx meti weli umetYs sxaTa enaTa q~es mosl~viTg~n v~e dRemmmde da ese y~li r~li weril ars mowamed warmo giTxar asi ese weli anbanisa~ > l~cyT a~n >

2. Sin,38, 144 r, 979 o88 bjdfyt-pjcbvtc fdnjuhfab

sx~liTa R~YTa qeb~Á da db~Á qarToylisa enis~Y l~c yT damarxul ars enaY qarTuli dRedmde meored moslvisa misisa sawamebelad r~a y~lsa enasa R~Tman amxilos amiT eniTa da ese enaY mZinarG ars dResamomde: daa saxarebasa Sina amas enasa lazarG [h]rqKan: da axalman nino moaqcia [da] helene dedofalman: ese ari an orni dani v~a mariam da marTaY: da megobrobaY amisTKs Tq~a v~d y~li saidumloY amas enasa Sina damarxu ars: da oTxisa dRisa mku dari amisTKs Tq~a daviT ww~yelman r~ weli aTasi v~a erTi dRG da sax~rbasa Sina qarTulsa Tavsa x~ maTGssa werili zis r~l asoY ars da ityKs y~lad oTx aTassa maragsa da ese ars oTxi dRG da oTxisa dRisa mkudari amisTKs mis Tanave dafl uli sik~diliTa naTlisRebisa misisaYTa da ese enaY Semkuli da k~xeuli saxeli Ta o~isaYTa mdabali da dawune buli moelis dResa mas meored mos lvasa o~isasa da saswaulad ese aqus oTxmeoc da aToTxmeti weli umetGs sxuaTa enaTa q~es moslviTgan v~e dResamomde: da ese y~li r~li weril ars mowamed warmogiTxar asi ese weli anbanis~Y> > l~c yT w~no R~isno l~c yT > a~n>

sx~liTa R~~Ta qeb~~ da d~b~ qarTulisa enis~~ l~cyT d amarxul ars ena~ qarTuli dRedmde meored moslvisa misisa sawamebelad r~a y~lsa enasa R~Tman amxilos amiT eniTa da ese ena~ mZinarÀ ars dResamomde: d a saxarebasa Sina amas enasa lazaYr [h]rqAan: d a axalman nino moaqcia [da] helene dedofalman: ese ari an orni dani v~a mariam da marTa~: d a megobroba~ amisTAs Tq~a v~d y~li saidumlo~ amas enasa Sina damarxu ars: d a oTxisa dRisa mku dari amisTAs Tq~a daviT w~wyelman r~ weli aTasi v~a erTi dRY d a sax~rbasa Sina qarTulsa Tavsa x~ maTYssa werili zis r~l aso~ ars da ityAs y~lad oTx aTassa maragsa: d da ese ars oTxi dRY da oTxisa dRisa mkudari amisTAs mis Tanave dafl uli sik~diliTa naTlisRebisa misisa~Ta d a ese ena~ Semkuli da k~xeuli saxeli Ta o~isa~Ta mdabali da dawune buli moelis dResa mas meored mos lvasa o~isasa d a saswaulad ese aqus oTxmeoc da aToTxmeti weli umetYs sxuaTa enaTa q~es moslviTgan v~e dResamomde: d a ese y~li r~li weril ars mowamed war mogiTxar asi ese weli anbanis~~> > l~cyT w~no R~isno l~cyT: > a~n>

3.Sin.32-57-33, 275 r, 864 o8 ~3mt,f~c4 ntmcnb [tkyfothib xfhsekbf (*! otkc bjdfyt-pjcbvtc vbth`8

sx~liTa R~ÁTa qebaÁ da d~bÁ qarT~lisa enisaÁ damarxul ars enaY qarTuli dRedmde meored moslvisa misisa sawamebelad: r~a y~lsa enasa R~Tmn amxilos amiT eniTa: da ese enaY mZinarG ars dResamomde da saxare basa Sina amas enasa lazare hrqKan da axalman nino moaqcia da hGle ne dedofalman ese arian orni dani v~a mariam da marTaY: da megobro baY amisTKs Tq~a v~d y~li saidKml~oY amas enasa Sina damarxul ars da oTxisa dRisa mkdari amisTKs Tq~a daviT ww~ylmn r~ weli aTasi v~a erTi dRG da saxar~basa Sina qar Tulsa Tavsa x~ maTGssa werili zis r~l asoY ars da ityKs y~lad oTx aTassa maragsa: da ese ars oTxi dRG: da oT xisa dRisa mk~dari amisTKs mis Tanave dafluli sik~diliTa naTlisRebisa misisaYTa: da ese enaÁ Semkuli da kurTx~li saxeliTa o~isaYTa mdabali da dawu nebuli moelis dResa mas meored moslvasa o~isasa da sasw~lad ese aqus oTxmeoc da aToTxmeti weli umetGs sxuaTa ena Ta q~es moslviTgan v~e dResamomde da ese y~li r~li weril ars mowamed war mogiTxar asi ese weli anbanisaY> l~cyT w~no R~Tisno l~cyT > q~e S~e mG ~ kli amisi i~ne a~n>

sx~liTa R~~Ta qeb~~ da d~b~ qarTulisa enis~~

l~cyT

damarxul ars ena~ qarTuli dRedmde meored moslvisa misisa sawamebelad r~a y~lsa enasa R~Tman amxilos amiT eniTa da ese ena~ mZinarÀ ars dResamomde: da saxarebasa Sina amas enasa lazarY [h]rq~an: da axalman nino moaqcia [da] helene dedofalman: ese ari an orni dani v~a mariam da marTa~: da megobroba~ amisT~s Tq~a v~d y~li saidumlo~ amas enasa Sina damarxu ars: da oTxisa dRisa mku dari amisT~s Tq~a daviT w~wyelman r~ weli aTasi v~a erTi dRY da sax~rbasa Sina qarTulsa Tavsa x~ maTÀssa werili zis r~l aso~ ars da ity~s y~lad oTx aTassa maragsa: d da ese ars oTxi dRY da oTxisa dRisa mkudari amisT~s mis Tanave dafl uli sik~diliTa naTlisRebisa misisa~Ta da ese ena~ Semkuli da k~xeuli saxeli Ta o~isa~Ta mdabali da dawune buli moelis dResa mas meored mos lvasa o~isasa da saswaulad ese aqus oTxmeoc da aToTxmeti weli umetÀs sxuaTa enaTa q~es moslviTgan v~e dResamomde: da ese y~li r~li weril ars mowamed war mogiTxar asi ese weli anbanis~~> ¾

l~cyT w~no R~isno l~cyT: > a~n

4.Sin. 6,223 v, 981-983 o8o88 uflfvothb ewyj,bf8

qarToÂlisa enisaTÂs damarxuÂl ars enaÁ qarTuÂli dRedmde meor ed moslvisa misisa sawamebelad r~a y~lsa enasa R~n amxilos amiT eniTa da ese enaÁ m Zinare ars dResamomde da saxarebasa Sina amas enasa lazare hqÂan da axalman nino moaqcia da elene dedoÂfalm~n ese arian orni dani v~a m~rm da marTaÁ da megobrobaÁ amisTÂs Tq~a v~d y~li saÁduÂmloÁ amas enasa Sina da marxuÂl ars da oTxisa dRisa mkoÂdari amis TÂs Tq~a d~T ww~tylm~n r~ weli aTasi v~a erTi dRÀ da saxarebasa Sina qarToÂlsa Tavsa x~ maTessa werili zis r~l asoÁ ars da ityÂs oTx aTassa maragsa da ese ars oTxi dRÀ da oTxisa dRisa mkuÂdari amisTÂs mis Tana da fluÂli sikoÂdiliTa naTlisRebisa misisaÁTa da ese enaÁ SemkuÂli da kx~li saxeliTa o~ÁTa m dabali da dawoÂneboÂli moelis dResa mas meored moslvasa o~isasa da saswauÂlad ese aqoÂs oTxmeoc da aToTxmeti weli uÂm etes sxoÂaTa enaTa q~es moslviTg~n v~e dResa momde da ese y~li r~li weril ars mowamed wamo giTxras ese wili anbanisaÁ> l~c y~vT

qarToAlisa enisaTAs ~ d amarxul ars ena~ qarTuli dRedmde meor ed moslvisa misisa sawamebelad r~a y~lsa enasa R~n amxilos amiT eniTa da ese ena~ mZinare ars dResamomde da saxarebasa Sina amas enasa lazare hqAan da axalman nino moaqcia da elene dedufalm~n ese arian orni dani v~a m~rm da marTa~ da megobroba~ amisTAs Tq~a v~d y~li sa~dumlo~ amas enasa Sina da marxul ars da oTxisa dRisa mkudari amis TAs Tq~a d~T w~w~tylm~n r~ weli aTasi v~a erTi dRY da saxarebasa Sina qarTulsa Tavsa x~ maTessa werili zis r~l aso~ ars da ityAs oTx aTassa maragsa da ese ars oTxi dRY da oTxisa dRisa mkudari amisTÂs mis Tana da fluli sikudiliTa naTlisRebisa misisa~Ta da ese ena~ Semkuli da kx~li saxeliTa o~~Ta m dabali da dawunebuli moelis dResa mas meored moslvasa o~isasa da saswaulad ese aqus oTxmeoc da aToTxmeti weli um etes sxuaTa enaTa q~es moslviTg~n v~e dResa momde da ese y~li r~li weril ars mowamed wamo giTxras ese wili anbanisa~> l~c y~vT

qarTuli sasuliero mwerlobis mniSvnelovani Zeglis, „`qeba~ da dideba~ qarTulisa enisa~s”, oTxi nusxaa dRemde moRweuli. yvela es piri gadawerilia ucxoeTis samonastro kerebSi, sadac qarTvelebi adridanve moRvaweobdnen, kerZod, sabawmidis lavraSi ierusalimis maxloblad da sinis mTaze arsebul monasterSi, romelic wm. ekaterines saxels atarebs. SeniSvna: am samonastro kerebSi qarTvelTa moRvaweobis Sesaxeb ix. k.kekeliZe, Zveli qarTuli literaturis

istoria,

t.1,

1960,

gv.89-92;

l.menabde, Zveli qarTuli mwerlobis kerebi, II, 1980, gv.25-39, 44-69.

miCneulia, rom „`qeba~s" nusxebi dawerilia X saukunis cnobili mwignobrisa da moRvawis iovanezosimes xeliT da mis mierve iyo CarTuli xelnawerebSi, romlebic dRemde daculia sinis mTis wm.ekaterines monastris qarTul xelnawerTa koleqciaSi. es xelnawerebia (qronologiuri TanmimdevrobiT): A – Sin.34, B – Sin.38, C – Sin.32-57-33, D – Sin.6. nusxaTa Soris yvelaze adreuli (A) dRes ruseTis erovnuli biblioTekis (yofili saltikov-SCedrinis sax. leningradis sajaro biblioTekis) xelnawerTa fondis berZnul koleqciaSia daculi (SifriT Gr.VII, 6r). es imiT aris gamowveuli, rom furceli, romelzedac `qeba~s" teqstia dawerili, palimfsests warmoadgens, romlis qveda fena berZnulia. am furcliT

daintereseba swored qveda berZnulma teqstma gansazRvra, ris gamoc igi berZnul koleqciaSi aRmoCnda sxva palimfsestur furclebTan erTad, romelTa zeda teqsti agreTve qarTulia. es furclebi biblioTekas cnobilma germanelma mecnierma, siZveleTa Semgrovebelma da mkvlevarma k. tiSendorfma gadasca 1858 wels. isini man axlo aRmosavleTSi 1844-1854 wlebSi orjer mogzaurobis dros moipova. sinis mTis wminda ekaterines monastridan wamoRebuli 109 palimfsesturi furceli qarTuli xelnawerebidan iyo amoRebuli. maTi qveda teqsti berZnuli an siriulia, ris gamoc isini berZnul da siriul xelnawerTa koleqciebSi gaanawiles. 1858 welsve tiSendorfis koleqciis palimfsesturi furclebiT cnobili qarTvelologi mari brose dainteresda. man gamoaqveyna naSromi, romelic palimfsesturi furclebis qarTul teqsts Seexeba (m. brose, 1858, gv. 264 - 280). naSromSi mocemulia qarTuli masalis aRweriloba, ganxilulia furcelTa momdinareobisa da daTariRebis sakiTxi. SeZlebisdagvarad dadgenilia fragmentulad warmodgenili teqstebis raoba, aqve moTavsebulia zogierTi fragmentis franguli Targmani. swored am naSromSi gamoaqveyna m. brosem „`qeba~s” Targmani. rogorc vxedavT, „`qeba~s” teqsts samecniero sazogadoeba pirvelad franguli TargmaniT gaecno.

samwuxarod, m.broses dasaxelebuli naSromi da masTan erTad informacia tiSendorfis koleqciaSi „`qeba~s” teqstis arsebobis Sesaxeb didi xniT daviwyebas mieca. Zeglis Semdgomi kvleva da publikacia sinuri koleqciis zemoT dasaxelebul BCD xelnawerebSi arsebul teqstebs daefuZna. XX saukunis 30-ian wlebSi „`qeba~s” teqsts tiSendorfis koleqciaSi kvlav miakvlia p.ingoroyvam (ix. Jurn. „`mnaTobi”, 1939, #10-11, gv. 256-257). mogvianebiT Tavis cnobil naSromebSi igi werda: „ `qeba~s” teqstis es uZvelesi nusxa aRmovaCineT tiSendorfiseuli palimfsestebis koleqciaSi" (p.ingoroyva, 1954, gv.746-753; misive, 1965, gv. 208215). am naSromebSi tiSendorfis koleqciaSi moTavsebuli sxva palimfsesturi furclebis monacemebis gaTvaliswinebiT p.ingoroyva gamoTqvamda mosazrebas, rom arsebobda iovane-zosimes mier 962 wels sabawmidaSi gadawerili krebuli, romelSic Setanili iyo „`qeba~s” es nusxa. p.ingoroyvam, romelic adreve dainteresda Zeglis SeswavliTa da publikaciiT, Tavis kvlevaSi CarTo „`qeba~s” kidev erTi, yvelaze adreuli nusxa. arc Tu didi xnis win gairkva, rom tiSendorfiseuli palimfsesturi furclebidan, romlebic peterburgis erovnuli biblioTekis berZnul da siriul koleqciebSia daculi, 51, maT Soris `qeba~s” Semcveli furcelic, sinis mTis wm. ekaterines

monastris qarTuli koleqciis #34 (cagarlis katalogis #19) xelnaweridan aris amoRebuli. furcelTa am raodenobas kidev emateba amave xelnaweridan amoRebuli 4 furceli, romlebic imave k.tiSendorfma wamoiRo sinis mTidan da amJamad laipcigis universitetis biblioTekis xelnawerTa fondSia daculi (Cod. Ms V 1096, UB, Leipzig, 4-7. ix. i.asfalgi, 1962, gv. XIII-XIV, 43, 45). SeniSvna: furclebis Sedgenili

34-dan

amoRebuli

dawvrilebiTi

aRweriloba,

Sin. l.

gamoqveynebulia

xevsurianis

xelnawerTa

mier,

institutSi

momzadebuli sinuri xelnawerebis aRwerilobis pirvel nakveTSi, rogorc

Sin.34 xelnaweris

damateba (1978, gv.131-143). tiSendorfiseuli palimfsestebis

sinuri

koleqciis

xelnawerebidan momdinareobis dasabuTebas exeba misive naSromebi: 1978, gv.88-122; 1980, gv. 5063; xelnawerTa aRweriloba, 1987, gv. 208-217. ix. agreTve m. van esbroki, 1981, gv.63-75).

Sin.34 sinuri koleqciis erT-erT umniSvnelovanes xelnawerad aris miCneuli. X saukunis cnobili moRvawis iovane-zosimes mier Sedgenil am krebuls liturgikul enciklopedias uwodeben (k.kekeliZe, J.gariti, m.van esbroki da sxv.). krebulze, romelic sxvadasxva siZvelis, xasiaTisa da liturgikuli daniSnulebis masalisagan

aris Sedgenili, iovane-zosime wlebis ganmavlobaSi muSaobda. xelnawerSi dafiqsirebuli TariRebis mixedviT ivaraudeba, rom misi Sedgena iovane-zosimes X saukunis 40-ian wlebSi unda daewyo. tiSendorfiseul palimfsestur furclebs Soris mikvleuli anderZidan (xelnawerTa aRweriloba, 1978, gv.141-142) irkveva, rom krebulze muSaoba mas 965 wels dausrulebia sabawmidis lavraSi. zogierTi SeniSvna-ganmarteba xelnawerSi mogvianebiT aris Setanili, roca iovanezosime X saukunis 60-iani wlebis miwuruls sxva sabawmidel moRvaweebTan erTad sinaze gadavida. peterburgSi daculi fragmentebi Sinaarsobrivad kidev ufro sainteresosa da mravalferovans xdis krebuls. „`qeba~s” teqsti krebulis 24-e rveulis 1r-zea dawerili, rasac uCvenebs am gverdze, zemo marjvena kuTxeSi dasmuli ricxvi `kd" (ix.fotopiri). teqsti dawerilia iovane-zosimes arakaligrafiuli xeliT, momsxo nusxuriT, 31 striqonad (saTaurTan erTad). saTauris gaswvriv da teqstis bolos aris minaweri „`locva yavT, amen”. teqsti dayofilia muxlebad, rac asomTavruli „`donebiT” aris miniSnebuli. „`qeba~s” A xelnawerSi Setanis zusti TariRi dadgenili ar aris, cnobilia misi mxolod zeda sazRvari - 965 weli, roca iovane-zosimem xelnaweri dasrulebulad CaTvala da mTavar anderZSi saTanado TariRi dasva.

aRsaniSnavia, rom A xelnaweris oTxi rveuli (23_26), romlebic mTlianad palimfsesturi furclebisagan Sedgeba da romelTa farglebSia moqceuli „`qeba~s” teqstic (24-e rveulis 1r), sruli saxiT aris daculi peterburgis koleqciaSi. Seicavs astrologiuri xasiaTis Txzulebebsa da pasqalistur naSroms saTauriT: „`cnobisaTAs da uwyebisa, WeSmaritad romeli mogueTxra Cuen moZRuarTa mier, gansazRvruli gamoZiebisaTAs JamTa da welTa...” (m.brose, 1868, gv. 1-20). naSromSi mocemulia sxvadasxva qronologiuri sistemebi, ganmartebulia sxvadasxva kalendaruli gamoTvlebis wesebi, darTuli aqvs me-13 moqcevis 532-wliani ciklis tabula. naSromis teqstsa da iovane-zosimes komentarebSi miTiTebulia TariRebi 949-950, rac xelnawerSi am nawilis Setanis TariRebia (xelnawerTa aRweriloba, 1978, gv.138-141; agreTve k.kekeliZe, 1960, gv.168). ar aris gamoricxuli, rom `qeba~s” teqstic A xelnawerisaTvis amave wlebSia gadawerili. XIX saukunis 80-iani wlebi mniSvnelovani faqtiT aRiniSna. qarTvel mecniers a. cagarels 1883 wels SesaZlebloba mieca, gamgzavrebuliyo axlo aRmosavleTSi, sadac man mravalmxrivi kvleva-ZiebiTi muSaoba Caatara qristianuli kulturis ramdenime keraSi, romlebTanac qarTvelTa mravali Taobis

moRvaweoba aris dakavSirebuli, maT Soris sinis mTaze. man pirvelma Seadgina wm. ekaterines monasterSi daculi qarTuli xelnawerebis katalogi, romelic 1888 wels gamoqveynda. xelnawerebze muSaobis procesSi man sam xelnawerSi (BCD) miakvlia „`qeba~s” teqsts (a.cagareli, 1888, gv.201-204, 227, 234-235; misive, 1889, gv.59-62, 85, 92-93). SeniSvna: a.cagarlis katalogSi xelnawerebs gansxvavebuli numeracia aqvT: B-s (Sin.38) aq Seesabameba #12, C-s (Sin.32-57-33) _ ## 83 da 86, D-s (Sin.6) _ #71.

1902 wels Sedga samecniero eqspedicia sinaze n.marisa da i.javaxiSvilis monawileobiT. maT amjerad Seadgines qarTuli koleqciis xelnawerTa vrceli aRweriloba, gamoavlines iqamde ucnobi mravali originaluri Tu TargmniTi Zegli da literaturulistoriuli mniSvnelobis faqti. eqspediciis Sedegebi Sejamebulia n.maris winaswar angariSSi, romelic gamoqveynda (n.mari, 1903). SeniSvna: gansakuTrebuli

aRniSnuli

eqspediciis

mniSvnelobis

Sesaxeb

qarTvelologiis ganviTarebaSi ix. e. metreveli, 1976.

TviT aRwerilobebi didi dagvianebiT gamoqveynda. „`qeba~s” Semcveli xelnawerebidan i.javaxiSvilma aRwera BD (i.javaxiSvili, 1947, gv.16-20, 101-105), xolo n.marma

C (n.mari, 1940, gv.1-26). aqve gamoqveynda Txzulebis teqstic, romelsac n. marma C xelnaweri daudo safuZvlad. SeniSvna: unda iTqvas, rom arc xelnawerTa aRwerilobebSi da arc n.maris winaswar angariSSi araviTari msjeloba Zeglis irgvliv ar gvxvdeba.

da bolos, BCD xelnawerebis dawvrilebiTi aRwera da kodikologiuri daxasiaTeba mocemulia sinis mTis qarTuli xelnawerebis kidev erT katalogSi, romelic J. garitma Seadgina (J.gariti, 1956, gv.15-26, 72-97, 144-152). aRniSnuli gamocemebi sakmaod srul warmodgenas iZlevian BCD xelnawerebze, romlebSic `qeba~s” nusxebia Setanili. B (Sin.38, cag.12). xelnaweri warmoadgens meore nawils oTxTavis sruli nusxisa, romlis pirveli nawili amave koleqciis #30 xelnawerSia moTavsebuli (a.cagarlis mixedviT #11). SeniSvna: #30-is aRweriloba ix. a.cagareli, 1888, gv.201; i.javaxiSvili, 1947, gv.51-53; J.gariti, 1956, gv.69-71.

anderZebidan irkveva, rom xelnaweri dawerilia sinaze 979 wels sinawmidis dekanozis kvirike miZnaZorelis dakveTiT. gadamwerebia: mRvdeli ezra qobuleanis Ze da iovane-zosime. maTesa da markozis Tavebi gadawerilia ezras mier da Sesulia Sin.30-Si

(3r-121v). iovane-zosimes mier gadawerili saxarebaTa kanonebi da lukasa da iovanes Tavebi moTavsebulia Sin.30-sa (2r-v, 123r-161v) da B xelnawerSi (1r-98v). misive xeliTaa dawerili danarTi (101r-141r), romelSic Setanilia: saxarebis sakiTxavTa ganweseba mTeli liturgikuli wlisaTvis (Zegli gamocemulia, J.gariti, 1972); aseve A xelnaweridan ukve cnobili me-13 moqcevis 532-wliani ciklis tabula, romelsac axlavs naSromi saTauriT: „`cnobisaTAs da uwyebisa... gamoZiebisaTAs JamTa da welTa...” da ezra winaswarmetyvelis Tqmuli astrologiuri xasiaTis statiebi (ix.zemoT gv.26). „`qeba~s” teqsti moTavsebulia B xelnaweris bolo furcelze (144r) da dawerilia iovane-zosimes SedarebiT lamazi nusxuriT erT svetad da 30 striqonad (saTauris CaTvliT). saTaurs zemoT weria: `saxeliTa RmrTisa~Ta”, teqstis bolos miwerilia: `locva-yavT, wmidano RmrTisano, locva-yavT, amen.” am nusxis teqstic dayofilia muxlebad. B-s danarTis gadawerisas iovane-zosime aSkarad sargeblobda A xelnaweris Sesabamisi teqstebiT. niSandoblivia, rom mravalricxovani Casworebebi da damatebebi, romlebic A-Si iovane-zosimes xeliT aris Sesrulebuli, B-Si xSir SemTxvevaSi teqstSia Setanili. `qeba~s” teqstic B-Si A-dan unda iyos gadmowerili. orive nusxa teqstobrivad absoluturad Tanxvdenilia,

Tu mxedvelobaSi ar miviRebT oriode sityvis gansxvavebul orTografiasa da zogierT lafsuss (ix. variantuli wakiTxvebi, gv.45-46). zemoT ukve iTqva, rom B xelnaweri pirvelad a. cagarelma aRwera, aqve moaTavsa man „`qeba~s” sruli teqsti, rac am Zeglis pirvel qarTul publikacias warmoadgens (a.cagareli, 1888, gv.203). aqvea mocemuli teqstis cagarliseuli interpretacia. SeniSvna: teqsts uZRvis ganmarteba: `D rjywt 'njq herjgbcb7 rfr b d herjgbcb 1@$ vs yf[jlbv djc[dfktybt uhepbycrjuj zpsrf `qeba~„qarTulisa enisa~", f d XXIVghjcnj5 `qarTulisa enisaTAs". ganmartebaSi xelnaweris nomeri SecdomiT aris miTiTebuli

nacvlad

aRwerilobis

#71-isa.

#24

cagarlis

J.garitis

mier

identificirebulia axali numeraciis #75-Tan (J.gariti, 1956, gv.11). #75 XI saukunis I naxevris xelnaweri marxvania (i.javaxiSvili, 1947, gv.120122; masSi

xelnawerTa arc

aRweriloba,

cagarlis

aRwerilobebis dafiqsirebuli

da

mixedviT ar

aris.

1980, arc

gv.45-58). Semdgomi

„`qeba~s" B-s

teqsti

aRwerilobaSi

CarTuli teqsti faqtiurad D nusxisaa, radgan gansxvavebebi,

romliTac

D

xasiaTdeba,

am

publikaciaSi dasturdeba. SevniSnavT,

rom

cagarliseul

publikacias

ar mohyolia am ZegliT sazogadoebis daintereseba.

C (Sin.32-57-33, cag. 83 da 86) _ sinuri qarTuli koleqciis erT-erTi umniSvnelovanesi xelnaweri, romelic „`sinuri mravalTavis" saxelwodebiTaa cnobili, warmoadgens krebuls bizantiel avtorTa homiletikuri Txzulebebisa, romlebic sauflo da did saeklesio dResaswaulebze wasakiTxad iyo gankuTvnili. krebuli erT-erTi uZvelesia mravalTavis nusxaTa Soris, gadawerilia wm.sabas lavraSi ierusalimis maxloblad 864 wels. sinuri mravalTavis Sedgenis iniciatori da ZiriTadi gadamweri, anderZis mixedviT, aris makari leTeTeli, romelsac xelnaweri dawerisTanave sinis mTisTvis Seuwiravs. miCneulia, rom makari leTeTeli unda iyos grigol xanZTelis erT-erTi mowafeTagani. sinur koleqciaSi mravalTavis es nusxa sam nawilad aris daSlili da danomrili. a.cagarelma erTad aRwera krebulis ori nawili (#83. ix. a.cagareli, 1888, gv.234-235. moicavs dRevandel #32-sa da #33-s). SemdgomSi n.marmac erTad Seadgina Sin.32-isa da Sin.33-is vrceli aRweriloba, xolo calke Sin.57-isa (n.mari, 1940, gv.1-26, 93-97). yvela es nawili mravalTavisa gaerTianda J.garitis vrcelsa da dawvrilebiT aRwerilobaSi (J.gariti, 1956, gv.72-97). 1959 wels gamoqveynda sinuri mravalTavis sruli teqsti a.SaniZis

redaqciiTa da gamokvleviT. gamokvlevaSi a.SaniZem Tavi mouyara am droisaTvis arsebul mTel informacias mravalTavebisa da kerZod, sinuri mravalTavis kvlevis sakiTxebze. jer kidev a.cagarlis aRwerilobidan cnobili iyo, rom sinuri mravalTavi 981 wels mesamed Semosa sinaze iovane-zosimem. J.garitis mier gaerTianebuli xelnaweris 274v-ze wignis Semosvis Sesaxeb iovanezosimes anderZia moTavsebuli, xolo 275r-ze misive xeliT dawerili kidev erTi piri „`qeba~s" teqstisa. naweria SedarebiT lamazi nusxuriT, erT svetad da 28 striqonad (saTauris CaTvliT). saTaurs zemoT weria: „`saxeliTa RmrTisa~Ta", teqstis bolos miwerilia: „`locva-yavT, wmidano RmrTisano, locvayavT. qriste, Seiwyale mCxrekali amisi iovane, amen". teqsti dayofilia muxlebad. sinur mravalTavSi CarTuli „`qeba~s" teqsti xelnaweris aRwerisas gadmowera n.marma da daurTo mas variantebi sinuri koleqciis danarCeni ori (BD) nusxidan, rac cnobili gaxda mariseuli aRwerilobis gamoqveynebamde bevrad adre. 1924 wels p.ingoroyvam sinis mTis 1902 wlis eqspediciis masalebidan gamoaqveyna `qeba~s" teqsti variantebiTurT da daurTo Tavisi komentarebi Zeglis Sesaxeb (Jurn. „kavkasioni`, #12, gv.267-274). winaswar ganmartebaSi p.ingoroyva SeniSnavda, rom teqsti, romelsac igi aqveynebda,

gadmoRebuli iyo n.maris mier sinis mTis meaTe saukunis sami xelnaweridan. Seiqmna STabeWdileba, rom gamoqveynda n.maris mier dadgenili teqsti. magram mariseuli aRwerilobis gamoqveynebam, romelSic moyvanilia Sesxmis teqstic, cxadi gaxada, rom n.mars gadmoRebuli aqvs C nusxis zusti piri (n.mari, 1940, gv.26), xolo teqstis sworeba p.ingoroyvas ekuTvnis. am publikaciis me-6 muxlSi p.ingoroyvam sityva „`werili" („...`Tavsa xolo maTYssa werili zis...") Secvala sityviT „`wili"; aseve cvlilebebi Seitana me-8 muxlSi, risTvisac gamoiyena D nusxis Cveneba: „`asi ese weli anbanisa~s" nacvlad „`ese wili anbanisa~". SevniSnavT, rom n.maris mier miTiTebul variantebSi zogi ram gamorCenilia. p.ingoroyva, vfiqrobT, sargeblobda cagarliseuli publikaciiTac, romelic ar gamoirCeva dednidan teqstis gadmoweris sizustiT. SeniSvna:

p.ingoroyvas

publikacias

n.maris

masalebis mixedviT gascnobia k.kekeliZe Jurnal `kavkasionSi", romlis egzemplari daculia mis memorialur institutSi).

biblioTekaSi me-6

muxlSi

(xelnawerTa sityva

„`wili"

k.kekeliZis xeliT, fanqriT Semoxazulia da iqve miwerilia: „`werili unda". cxadia, rom k.kekeliZe ar iziarebda amgvar Casworebas.

am

C xelnawerSi arsebuli „`qeba~s" teqsti mxolod nusxis mixedviT gamoaqveyna a.SaniZem (sinuri

mravalTavi, 1959, gv.283). publikaciaSi gaxsnilia qaragmebi da zogierTi sityvis dedniseuli daweriloba sqolioSia Catanili. sxva nusxaTa variantebi aq moyvanili ar aris. teqsti or adgilas Casworebulia. me-11 striqonSi xelnaweriseuli „`dawerili" a.SaniZem Secvala sityviT „`wili", rogorc es p.ingoroyvas publikaciaSia. aseve, bolo winadadebaSi: „`ese yoveli, romeli weril ars, mowamed warmogiTxar ese asi weli anbanisa~" sityva „`weli" man kvlav Secvala `wiliT". am CasworebaTa safuZveli a.SaniZes ar ganumartavs. C nusxiseuli teqsti mTlianad emTxveva AB nusxebis teqsts, Tu am SemTxvevaSic mxedvelobaSi ar miviRebT umniSvnelo orTografiul gansxvavebebs da lafsusebs (ix.variantuli wakiTxvebi, gv.45-46 ). aSkaraa, rom ABC nusxebi erTi wyarodan momdinareoben. SeniSvna: „ `qeba~s" nusxaTa literebi, romlebic aqvs

n.marma

p.ingoroyvasac

Semoitana 1924

da

wlis

gamoyenebuli publikaciaSi,

SemdgomSi Seicvala. aq A niSnavs Sin.32-33-s, B – Sin.6-s

da

peterburgSi

C – Sin.38-s. daculi

„ `qeba~s"

nusxis

kvlevaSi

CarTvis

Semdeg

p.ingoroyvam literebi nusxebs qronologiuri Tanmimdevrobis mixedviT Seufarda: A _ Sin.34, B – Sin.38, C – Sin.32-57-33, D – Sin.6.

D (Sin.6, cag.71). xelnaweri warmoadgens krebuls, romelic ZiriTadad hagiografiuli Txzulebebisagan Sedgeba. igi pirvelad a.cagarelma aRwera. manve miakvlia xelnawerSi „`qeba~s" teqsts. zemoT ukve iyo aRniSnuli, rom a.cagarelma swored am xelnaweridan gadmowera Txzulebis teqsti, romelic katalogis gamoqveynebisas B xelnaweris aRwerilobaSi moaTavsa (ix. zemoT, gv.30). manve aRwerilobaSi yuradReba gaamaxvila im faqtze, rom D xelnaweri dawerilia nusxuriT, magram sxvadasxva xeliT da mxolod „`qeba~s" teqstia Sesrulebuli asomTavruliT. a. cagarelma gadmoiwera xelnaweris 1r-dan zanduki anu Sinaarsi da gamoaqveyna nawyveti wignis Semmosvelis anderZidan (a. cagareli, 1888, gv.227). SemdgomSi i.javaxiSvilma Tavis aRwerilobaSi kvlav daafiqsira „`qeba~s" arseboba D-Si yovelgvari komentaris gareSe. manve pirvelad gadmoiwera da gamoaqveyna xelnawerSi arsebuli yvela anderZi Tu minaweri (i.javaxiSvili, 1947, gv. 16-20). ukanasknelad D xelnaweri dawvrilebiT aRwera J.garitma (1956, gv. 15-26), gansakuTrebiT misi teqnikuri mxare, rasac arsebiTi mniSvneloba aqvs imis gasarkvevad, Tu rogor Seiqmna D xelnaweri. manve gamoaqveyna anderZebi da minawerebi. am aRwerilobebis mixedviT dReisaTvis miRebulia, rom D xelnaweri daiwera 981-983 wlebSi sinis mTis dekanozis miqaelis dakveTiT. xelnaweri 983 wels

Seumosavs iovane-zosimes. krebulis SedgenaSi sam gadamwers miuRia monawileoba, maTgan cnobilia mxolod erTi – iovane-zosime. pirvelis mier dawerilia 2r83v; iovane-zosimes mier – 1r, romelzedac mas, rogorc Cans, xelnaweris Semosvis dros mouTavsebia zanduki, 84r–200v da 223v-225r; mesame gadamwers J.gariti miakuTvnebs 201r-223r-s. ase rom, J.gariti 223v-s, romelzedac dawerilia „`qeba~s" teqsti, iovane-zosimes gadawerilad Tvlis, magram araviTar ganmartebas amasTan dakavSirebiT ar iZleva, miT umetes, rom amave furclis r-ze mTavrdeba mesame gadamweris mier Sedgenili nawili. Tavis pirvel naSromSi „`qeba~s" Sesaxeb p.ingoroyvam D nusxis gadamwerad iovane-zosimes dasaxelebisagan Tavi Seikava (p.ingoroyva, 1924, gv.270). magram „`qarTuli mwerlobis istoriis mokle mimoxilvaze" darTul SeniSvnebSi, sadac man pirvelad Semoitana informacia „`qeba~s" nusxis arsebobis Sesaxeb tiSendorfis koleqciaSi, igi ukve werda: „`ioanezosime, Cans, didi interesiT ekideboda am marTlac mravalgvarad SesaniSnavs nawarmoebs, da garda 962 wels gadawerili pirisa, mas amis Semdeg samjer gadauweria es nawarmoebi 979, 981 da 981-982 wlebSi" (Jurn. „`mnaTobi", 1939, #10-11, gv.256). ufro gvian p.ingoroyva meti damajereblobiT werda: „`D – xelnaweri 981-982 wlebisa, Sin.6. „`qeba~s" teqsti Cawerilia rogorc damamTavrebeli nawarmoebi hagiografiuli

krebulisa, romelic ioane-zosimes 981-982 wlebSi gadauweria" (p.ingoroyva, 1954, gv.746; misive, 1963, gv.208). p.ingoroyvas Sromebma daamkvidres azri, rom `qeba~s" meoTxe D nusxac iovane-zosimes xeliT aris dawerili, rac Txzulebis mkvlevarTa mier gaziarebulia. magram D xelnaweris Seswavla gviCvenebs, rom es azri gadasinjvas iTxovs. zemoT iTqva, rom D xelnaweris 2r-83v dawerilia pirveli gadamweris xeliT. masve aukinZavs furclebi 8-8-furclian 11 rveulad (dRes me-3 rveulis pirveli furceli dakargulia). me-11 rveulis mxolod 1r-4r iyo dawerili, danarCeni Tavisufali. J.gariti SeniSnavs, rom xelnaweris Semosvis dros dauwereli furclebi CamoWres, ris gamoc me-11 rveuli mxolod 4 furclisagan Sedgeba. yoveli rveulis dasawyissa da boloSi gadamweris mierve dasmulia rveulebrivi saTvalavi qarTuli da berZnuli asomTavruli asoebiT. gadawerilia sami Txzuleba: apokrifi `RmrTismSobelisa SobisaTAs" da svimeon mesvetisa da saba asuris cxovrebani. aRsaniSnavia, rom gadamweri pirveli Txzulebis teqsts iwyebs 2r-dan, xolo dauwereli pirveli furclis r-ze misive xeliT, lamazi wvrili nusxuriT dawerilia teqsti, romelic epistolaruli Janris SesaniSnav nimuSs warmoadgens. J.gariti SecdomiT miiCnevs, rom es teqsti iovane-zosimes xeliTaa dawerili. paleografiuli Seswavlis Sedegad

irkveva, rom igi pirvel gadamwersave ekuTvnis. teqsti miemarTeba xelnaweris damkveTs miqaels: `q. kArieleison. qristeman momiboZen juari da wmida~ locva~ Tqueni, Zmao da ufalo Cemo miqael. romel gebrZana, damiweria. mariam megAptelisa~ ara vpove. sxua~ vera~ vicode, ra~mca davwere. rveulni, romel darCis, sakiTxaveba~ (!) davwere, Semindve, ara~ mqonda. yovelTa ZmaTa Tayuaniscemasa da locvasa movaBseneb. ese me adre davwere, gana aravin vpove, vismca wamovec. aw kArikesda wamomicemian, RmerTman moawien. Tu ras maweriebde, mixarian. etrati gizRo." werilidan irkveva, rom misi avtori sinis mTaze ar imyofeba. igi acnobebs miqaels, rom Seasrula misi Txovna da ugzavnis kvirikes xeliT mis mier dakveTili Txzulebebis teqsts. amasTanave acnobebs, rom ver moipova mariam megviptelis cxovrebis teqsti (aRsaniSnavia, rom es Txzuleba sinur koleqciaSi ar iZebneba). SeniSvna: werilis teqsti srulad amoikiTxa da

gamoaqveyna

i.javaxiSvilma

(1947,

gv.19).

gamoqveynebulia agreTve l.menabdis wignSi, sadac igi D xelnaweris momgeblis miqael dekanozis moRvaweobas ganixilavs (l.menabde, 1980, gv.6466).

D xelnaweris pirveli gadamweris vinaoba, rogorc iTqva, garkveuli ar aris. yuradRebas iqcevs

xelnawerSi 12r-sa da 66v-ze arsebuli minawerebi, romlebic gadamweris xeliT aris dawerili: „`qriste, Seiwyale miqael da miqael, kArike", „`qristY, Seiwyale miqael, miqael da kArike". unda vifiqroT, rom am saxelebSi igulisxmeba xelnaweris momgebeli, sinis mTis dekanozi miqaeli, gadamweri miqaeli da kvirike, romelsac gadamweri avalebs xelnaweri furclebis sinaze mitanas. gadamweri miqaeli, zemoT moyvanili werilis safuZvelze, SeiZleba gaigivdes Sin.63-is, saxarebis sakiTxavebis krebulis gadamwerTan (xelnawerTa aRweriloba, 1987, gv.67-70). D xelnaweris 84r-200v iovane-zosimes xeliTaa dawerili da moicavs mis mierve akinZul XII-XXV rveulebs. es rveulebi, maTi gadaweris TariRis mixedviT, or nawilad jgufdeba. pirveli moicavs XIIXXIII rveulebs. aq moTavsebulia epifane kviprelis cxovrebis amsaxveli Txzulebebi da apokrifi saTauriT `cxoreba~ da gangeba~ SiSuel-marTalTa~". XXIII rveuli 12 furclisagan Sedgeba, rac teqstis moculobam gansazRvra. anderZis mixedviT (183v), es nawili 982 wels aris gadawerili da rveulebad akinZuli. XXIVXXV rveulebi Seicaven erT Txzulebas _ wm.febronias wamebas. XXV rveuli 9 furcliania. am SemTxvevaSic furclis metoba gansazRvra teqstis moculobam. boloSi moTavsebuli anderZis mixedviT (200v), es nawili dawerilia 981 wels. anderZebidan irkveva,

rom am Txzulebebs iovane-zosime werda sxvadasxva dros miqael dekanozis davalebiT. D xelnaweris 201r-223r dawerilia mesame gadamweris xeliT, romlis vinaoba ucnobia. Seadgens 3 rveuls (XXVI-XXVIII). Seicavs sam Txzulebas _ wm.mowame qalebis qristinasa da ekaterines wamebebsa da stefane mZovris swavlaTa teqsts. mTavrdeba XXVIII rveulis me-7 furclis r-ze anu 223r-ze. amave furclis v-ze ki moTavsebulia „`qeba~s" teqsti. rveulebis es wyebac calkea momzadebuli xelnawerSi CasarTavad. D xelnaweris Sedgenilobis CvenebiT, vfiqrobT, naTeli xdeba, rom sxvadasxva piris mier gadawerili Txzulebebi erTmaneTisagan damoukideblad daiwera miqael dekanozis dakveTiT (maTi mopoveba sinel moRvaweebs xSirad sxva samonastro centrebSi uxdebodaT) da Semdgom misive TaosnobiT moxda maTi erT wignad gaerTianeba. es ganapirobebs xelnaweris teqnikur Taviseburebebs (rveulebSi furcelTa sxvadasxva raodenobas da sxva). amiTve unda aixsnas is faqti, rom iovane-zosime Tavis anderZebSi xelnaweris danarCen or gadamwers saerTod ar moixseniebs da mxolod miqael dekanozs miagebs pativs. D xelnaweri iovane-zosimem 983 wels Semosa. anderZi amis Sesaxeb moTavsebulia 224r-ze. masSi gansakuTrebiT aris Sefasebuli miqaelis Rvawli:

`qriste RmerTo, moiBsene da Seiwyale suli miqael patiosnisa mRdelisa~, romeli mizez eqmna wmidisa amis wignisa aRmarTebasa". rogorc Cans, xelnaweri am anderZiT Tavdeboda. SemdgomSi, xelnaweris Semosvis Semdeg, iovane-zosimem krebuls daumata erTi mcire moculobis Txzuleba (`da kualad sxua~ hambavi RamisTevisaTAsve") SeniSvniT: „`esea~ ukuana~s vpove da aqa SevCxrike, SemindveT da locva-yavT" (225r). `qeba~s" D nusxa mkvlevarTa gansakuTrebul dainteresebas imiT iwvevs, rom igi teqstobriv gansxvavebebs uCvenebs ABC nusxebTan SedarebiT, rac samecniero literaturaSi sxvadasxva interpretaciebis safuZveli gaxda. gansxvavebaTa avtorad xSirad iovanezosimes asaxeleben, ramdenadac igi D nusxis gadamwerad iTvleba. magram D nusxis Sedarebam masTan qronologiurad axlos mdgom xelnawerebTan, romlebic iovane-zosimes mier asomTavruliTaa Sesrulebuli, uCvena, rom igi ar aris dawerili iovane-zosimes xeliT. Sesadarebel xelnawerebad SerCeuli iyo zemoT ukve ganxiluli B xelnaweri (979 wlis) da Sin.37 (ierusalimuri leqcionaris nusxa 982 wlis). agreTve D xelnawerSive 1r-ze moTavsebuli zanduki, romelic iovane-zosimes dawerilia asomTavruliT xelnaweris Semosvis dros. am xelnawerebSi iovane-zosimes xelisaTvis damaxasiaTebeli niSnebi _ calkeul asoTa moxazulobis

Taviseburebebi, aseve teqstis saerTo ieri, ar aRmoCnda damaxasiaTebeli D-s teqstisaTvis, igi gansxvavebuli xeliTaa dawerili. amave dros paleografiuli ZiebiT gamoikveTa, rom savsebiT SesaZlebelia „`qeba~s" nusxa dawerili iyos mesame gadamweris xeliT, romlis mier gadaweril Txzulebebs uSualod mosdevs „`qeba~s" teqsti. mesame gadamweris nawili nusxuriTaa dawerili, magram TxzulebaTa asomTavruli saTaurebi 201r-sa da 211rze, agreTve wm.ekaterines wamebis teqstSi asomTavruliT dawerili ramdenime striqoni 212v-ze Sedarebis saSualebas iZleva, rac „`qeba~s" xelsa da mesame gadamweris asomTavrul xels Soris angariSgasawev msgavsebas avlens. es ki, vfiqrobT, sakiTxis mesame gadamweris sasargeblod gadawyvetis safuZvels qmnis. SeniSvna: mesame gadamweris sasargeblod unda metyvelebdes

Semdegi

faqtic:

ABC

nusxebSi

iovane-zosime wers „`dedofali", D nusxa iZleva variants „`dedufali". igive sityva daiZebna DSi rogorc iovane-zosimes (189r, str. 1, 4, 21; 189v, str. 10, 11, 14), aseve mesame gadamweris (216v, str. 14, 18, 23, 26; 217r, str.1, 10, 23) teqstebSi. aRmoCnda, rom mesame gadamweri yvela SemTxvevaSi wers: „`dedufali", xolo iovanezosime _ „`dedofali".

amrigad, migvaCnia, rom iovane-zosime ar aris

`qeba~s" teqstis D nusxis gadamweri. teqsti rom misi iniciativiT yofiliyo CarTuli xelnawerSi, mas aucilebelad eqneboda darTuli komentari, rogorc es xelnaweris boloSi mis mier damatebul Txzulebas axlavs. „`qeba~" D xelnaweris Semosvis droisaTvis ukve CarTuli iyo krebulis SemadgenlobaSi, razedac miuTiTebs iovane-zosimes dawerili zanduki (1r), romelSic me-10 Txzulebad dasaxelebulia „`qeba~ qarTulisa enisa~". saTauris es formulireba iovanezosimeseulia. teqstis gadaweris SemTxvevaSi igi iseTsave saTaurs miscemda Zegls, rogorc es ABC nusxebSia. D nusxis saTauriT Zegli ar aRiqmeba qarTuli enis Sesxma-Semkobad, rac ase gamokveTilia ABC nusxebSi. sxvadasxva xasiaTis gansxvavebebi ABC nusxebsa da D-s Soris, romlebic mkvlevarTa mier aris aRnusxuli, ufro imaze migvaniSnebs, rom iovanezosimes droisaTvis arsebobda Txzulebis teqstis gansxvavebuli varianti, romelic D-Si CarTes. D-Si Zeglis CarTvaze pasuxismgebeli unda yofiliyo ara iovane-zosime, aramed miqael dekanozi, faqtiuri Semkrebi Txzulebebisa da D krebulis Semdgeneli. xolo teqstis gadmowera D nusxisaTvis, rogorc Cans, mesame gadamwers daevala. * * * zemoT ukve iTqva, rom „`qeba~s" ABC nusxebi teqstobriv urTierTgansxvavebebs ar uCveneben, mxolod

saTauria BC-Si A-sTan SedarebiT gavrcobili: „`qeba~ qarTulisa enisa~s" nacvlad „`qeba~ da dideba~ qarTulisa enisa~". rac Seexeba D nusxas, romelic arsebiTad imave teqsts Seicavs, samecniero literaturaSi miuTiTeben mniSvnelovan gansxvavebaze, romelsac D Txzulebis bolo winadadebaSi uCvenebs. aq ABC-s „warmogiTxar asi ese weli anbanisa~` Secvlilia teqstiT: „`warmogiTxras ese wili anbanisa~". D nusxas aseve gansxvavebuli aqvs saTauri, romelSic ar aris gamokveTili misi, rogorc panegirikuli Txzulebis, saxe. D nusxa sxva niSnebiTac aris gamorCeuli: igi dawerilia gabmuli teqstis saxiT; ar aris dayofili ritmul-Sinaarsobriv monakveTebad; axasiaTebs gansxvavebuli marTlwera da sxva. yovelive es imis maCvenebelia, rom iovane-zosimesa da D nusxis ucnob gadamwers sxvadasxva dedani unda hqonodaT xelT. amgvarad, nusxebis mixedviT „`qeba~s" teqsti ori redaqciiT aris moRweuli, maT Camoyalibebas iovane-zosimes ver mivawerT. ABCD nusxebis teqstobrivi urTierTmimarTebebi asaxulia Cvens mier Sejerebul teqstze darTul ikiTxvisebSi. teqstis safuZvlad aRebulia iovanezosimeseuli varianti, romlis bolo muxli Casworebulia D-s mixedviT:

* * * „`qeba~s" nusxebis urTierTSejereba da amis safuZvelze kritikuli teqstis dadgena adreve daiwyes. Sinaarsobrivad rTuli Zeglis gamarTvis survilma aseve adreve gamoiwvia teqstis imgvarad sworeba, rac ar emyareba xelnawerTa monacemebs. amis Sedegad Seiqmna Txzulebis sxvadasxva Tanamedrove varianti. am process saTave daudo p.ingoroyvam jer kidev 1924 wels, roca man Jurnal „`kavkasionSi" gamoqveynebul teqstSi Seitana erTi iseTi Casworeba, romelsac mxars arc erTi nusxa ar uWers (sityva „`werili" Secvala sityviT „`wili". p.ingoroyva, 1924, gv.269). SemdgomSi, 1954 wels, man xelaxla gamoaqveyna teqsti, romelSic ukve ramdenime imgvari Sesworeba Seitana, romelic nusxaTa monacemebs ar emyareba da teqstis miseuli interpretaciis nayofia (p.ingoroyva, 1954, gv.749752). gasworebulia a.SaniZis mier gamoqveynebuli teqstic (a.SaniZe, 1959, gv. 283). n.mariseuli teqsti C nusxis zusti piria (n.mari, 1940, gv.26). es teqstebi SemdgomSi sxvadasxva variaciebiT gavrcelda. yvelaze popularuli iyo p.ingoroyvas mier gamoqveynebuli teqsti. TiTqmis 80-iani wlebis bolomde igi SehqondaT sxvadasxva krebulebsa da qrestomaTia-anTologiebSi. drodadro mkvlevarebi irCevdnen n.marisa da a.SaniZis mier gamoqveynebul teqstebsac.

* * * iovane-zosimes mier gadaweril samive nusxaSi „`qeba~s" teqsti muxlebadaa dayofili. es muxlebi asomTavruli doniT iwyeba: pirvel muxls iwyebs sityva „`damarxul", danarCen SemTxvevebSi _ marcvali „`da". teqstis am Tavisebur formas pirvelad p.ingoroyvam miaqcia yuradReba 1924 wels. man ori nusxis _ BC-s mixedviT teqsti 8 muxlad dayo. p.ingoroyva miiCnevs, rom „`qeba~" dawerilia sagaloblis formiT, romelsac igi „`wyobil sityvas" uwodebs, da uCvenebs stroful aliteracias, romelic „`da" marcvalzea agebuli. SemdgomSi, ukve ABC nusxebis safuZvelze, p.ingoroyvam teqsti 10 muxlad dayo (p.ingoroyva, 1954, gv. 749-751). unda iTqvas, rom ABC nusxebSi muxlis dasawyisi doni yovelTvis erTi zomis ar aris. roca muxlis dasawyisi striqonis dasawyiss emTxveva, aseT SemTxvevaSi doni ufro didi zomisaa, radgan sazedao asos meti Tavisufali are aqvs. sazedao donebs, vfiqrobT, mxatvruli datvirTvac aqvs miniWebuli. teqstis SigniT donebi ufro mcire zomisaa, Tumca funqcia igive aqvT. nusxebis SedarebiTi Seswavla uCvenebs, rom p.ingoroyvas mier teqstis 10 muxlad dayofa realurad emyareba xelnawerebis monacemebs: 7 SemTxvevaSi muxlebis

dasawyisebi samive nusxaSi emTxveva (1, 2, 4-6, 8, 10). A-s me-3 muxlis dasawyisi doni striqonis dasawyisSia, magram SedarebiT mcire zomis. rac Seexeba A-s me-9 muxls, aq, rogorc Cans, iovane-zosimes mxedvelobidan gamorCa muxlis dasawyisi. B nusxis me-2 muxlSi asomTavruli doniTaa dawyebuli muxlis meore monakveTic, rac ar aris gamarTlebuli AC-s mixedviT. yvelaze meti gaugebroba dakavSirebulia me-7 muxlTan. A da B nusxebi am muxlis sxvadasxva monakveTs iwyeben asomTavruli doniT: A _ „`da ese ars oTxi dRY da oTxisa dRisa mkudari..." B _ „`da oTxisa dRisa mkudari..." C orive monakveTis dasawyisSi wers mcire zomis asomTavrul donebs. winamdebare gamocemaSi arCevani B nusxaze SeCerda. komentarebi „qeba~s" teqstis calkeuli A str. 8. dasawyisSi asomTavruli donia, magram zomiT patara.

BC-s -s

str. striqonidan

mixedviT, 8-9.

aq

muxlis

„`helenes"

striqonze

dasawyisia.

nacvlad

gadatanisas

weria

„`hene",

gamorCenilia

marcvali

„`le". str. 26. sityvaSi „`da" doni nusxuriTaa dawerili, BC-s s

mixedviT, str.

zedmetia.

29.

aqve

„`dResamomde".

aq

muxlis

sityva sityva

dasawyisia.

„`moslviTgn"-is „`dRemmmde"

pirveli

nawvalebia,

qaragma

unda

iyos

B str. 8. dasawyisSi asomTavruli donia, AC-s -s mixedviT aq

muxli

ar

str. „`h"

iwyeba.

9.

furceli

dazianebulia,

sityvaSi

„`hrqAan"

moxeulia. str.

10.

dakargulia

furclis

dazianebis

gamo

moTavsebuli

„`da"

„`da".

str. AC-s -s

dasawyisSi

20.

mixedviT

asomTavruli asomTavruli

striqonis muxlis doniT

doniT

dasawyisSi

dasawyisia,

rac

gamokveTili. iwyeba

fraza

B-Si Si

amave „`da

ar

aris

striqonze

oTxisa

dRisa

mkudari..." C str. zomiT Tu

19.

patara

romeli

am

striqonze

asomTavruli

donia

muxlis

moTavsebuli

doniT

iwyeba.

orive

„`da"

gaurkvevelia,

dasawyisi.

str. 22. dasawyisSi sityvebi „`da ese ena~" dawerilia asomTavruliT.

amave

striqonze

asomTavruliTaa

dawerili

„`da" kavSiri sityvebs Soris „`Semkuli" _ „`kurTxeuli". D str. zemoT

7.

weria

dafarulia

melniT

teqstiseuli

„`ese".

raRac

sityva,

romlis

str. 8. sityva „`dani" striqonis dasawyisSi aSiazea dawerili,

rogorc

Cans,

gadamwers

gamorCa.

str. 18. striqonis TavSi sityva `mdabalis" dasawyisi mani

didi

zomis

asomTavruliTaa

dawerili.

`qebaòs"

Tavi II Seswavlis istoriis

sakiTxebi

`qebaò da didebaò qarTulisa enisaòs" teqsts mecnierebi erT saukuneze meti xania ikvleven. `vefxistyaosnisa" ar iyos, Tavsatexi aqac jer kidev bevria... qarTuli enis sagaloblis saxeliT cnobili Zegli kvlav sakvlevia ramdenime aspeqtiT: 1. rodis daiwera sagalobeli? 2. ra mizniT daiwera sagalobeli? 3. vin aris avtori? ra roli aqvs iovane-zosimes? 4. romeli xelnaweri ufro axloa dedanTan? 5. rogoria `qebaòs" egzoTeruli da ezoTeruli arsi? CamoTvlil problemebsa Tu Temebs dRevandeli gadasaxedidan kidev erTi sakiTxi SeiZleba davumatoT: `qebaòs" Sesaxeb 50-mde gamokvleva daiwera; Cndeba bunebrivi kiTxva: qarTuli `enis" am himnSi vin ra dainaxa da ratom? ufro zustad Tu vikiTxavT: ra kavSiri Tu mimarTebaa mkvlevarTa pirovnul msoflmxedvelobriv sistemasa da maT mierve `qebaòSi" danaxul saidumlos Soris?.. warmodgenil naSromSi Cveni mizania, zogad StrixebSi Tvali gavadevnoT `qebaòs" kvlevis istorias, Tanmimdevrulad warmovadginoT teqstualuri Ziebani, bolos ki mkiTxvelis samsjavroze gamovitanT `qebaòs" teqstis Cven mier Sejerebul ganmartebas. Tanamedrove samecniero TvalTaxedvaSi `qebaò da didebaò qarTulisa enisaòs" teqsti Semoiyvana peterburgis universitetis profesorma aleqsandre

cagarelma 1888 wels (3Ghfdjckfdysq Gfktcnbycrbq c,jhybr73 n8 IV, dsg8 I ); mecnierma igi sinas mTaze moiZia 1883 wels (ix. zemoT D xelnaweri). 1902 wels akademikosma niko marma sinas mTaze samecniero mivlinebis dros Seadgina qarTul xelnawerTa aRweriloba; man srulad gadmoiRo `qebaòs" teqsti, romelic, mogvianebiT, 1924 wels, Jurnal `kavkasionSi" dabeWda pavle ingoroyvam (`kavkasioni", 1924, gv.267-270); manve daurTo `winaswari ganmartebani", sadac, bunebrivia, warmodgenilia pavle ingoroyvaseuli Sexedulebebi Zeglis Sesaxeb, kerZod: 1. `qebaòs" sami xelnaweria Semonaxuli (me-4 jer misTvis cnobili ar iyo. 965 wlis xelnawers pavle ingoroyvam mogvianebiT miakvlia leningradis sajaro biblioTekis wignTsacavSi:, ix. p.ingoroyva, 1954, gv.746). I - 979; II - 981; III-983 wlisa.’’ 2. Zegli meaTe saukunisaa; misi avtoria an giorgi merCule, an misi skolis romelime warmomadgeneli; iovane sineli gadamweria. 3. teqsti warmoadgens qarTuli enis mistiur xotbas da gviCvenebs qarTuli erovnuli TviTcnobierebis mdgomareobas; igi dawerilia im mesianisturi suliskveTebiT, romelic arsebobda me-10 saukunis qarTul ganaTlebul wreebSi. 4. qarTuli enis upiratesobis mistiur Cvenebas `qebaòs" avtori xedavs imaSi, rom qarTuli welTaRricxva oTxmocdaToTxmeti wliT uswrebs sxva xalxebis welTa aRricxvas. 5. ezoTeruli simboloebia: lazare - qarTuli ena;

nino da elene, viTarca mariam da marTa, saqarTvelos momaqcevelni arian; aso `w" niSnavs oTx dRes (p.ingoroyva, 1924, gv.267-270). p.ingoroyvas azriT, `qebaòSi" aRbeWdilia pesimizmic qarTuli enis mdgomareobis gamo (p.ingoroyva, 1939)... p.ingoroyva `qebaòs" teqsts SedarebiT vrclad Seexo 1954 wels gamoqveynebul `giorgi merCuleSi;" aqve gamoqveynebulia `qebaòs" teqsti oTxive nusxis mixedviT (sadac sxva CasworebebTan erTad 94-is nacvlad 104 weli figurirebs)... korneli kekeliZe meore mecnieri iyo, vinc miznad daisaxa dasabuTebuli kvleva `qebaòs" garSemo; man daadgina, rom iovane, igive zosime, sazRvargareTel qarTvelTa meTauri iyo Tavis droze; gadawera mravali xelnaweri, Seadgina literaturuli krebuli (imdroindeli Taviseburi enciklopedia), saeklesio kalendari, sadac qarTveli wmindanebic Seiyvana da dawera originaluri naSromebic: `qebaò da didebaò qarTulisa enisaò", sasuliero xasiaTis leqsi uflisadmi, pasqaluri xasiaTis gamokvleva da sxva (k.kekeliZe,1951, gv.146; k. kekeliZe, 1957, gv.243-278; k.kekeliZe, 1960, gv.164). k.kekeliZis azriT, `qebaòs" avtori gveubneba: qarTuli ena berZnulTan SedarebiT dRes `mdabali da dawunebulia", arada, qarTuli da berZnuli iseTive megobrebi da Tanasworni arian, viTarca nino da elene, romelTagan erTma qristianoba uqadaga qarTvelebs, xolo meorem - berZnebs; amave dros, qarTuls upiratesoba aqvs berZnulTan: macxovari meored mosvlis Jams qarTulad ganikiTxavs msoflios

(k. kekeliZe, 1960, gv.167)... rogorc Cans, ioane sabanisZis msgavsad, iovane-zosimesac `maRla eWira droSa erovnuli TviTSegnebisa da Rirsebisa" - wers k.kekeliZe (ix. iqve, gv. 167)... pavle ingoroyvasa da korneli kekeliZis_qarTuli mecnierebis am ori cnobili moRvawis_Sexedulebebi Tvisobrivad gansxvavebul or poziciad SeiZleba ganvixiloT: pavle ingoroyva `qebaòs" ganixilavs rogorc e z o T e r u l i sibrZnis matarebel mesianistur Zegls, sadac gacxadebulia qarTuli enis upiratesoba sxva enebTan SedarebiT; korneli kekeliZe ki Tvlis, rom `qebaò" asaxavs qarTvelTa miswrafebas, qarTuli ena Tu kultura gauTanabron berZnuls, ufro metic, qarTulis upiratesobis warmoCinebasac cdilobs avtori... simon janaSia 1958 wels gamocemul `saqarTvelos istoriaSi" werda: `qebaò" aris himni, sadac iovanezosime qarTul enas gansakuTrebul rols aniWebs msoflios enaTa Soris" (s.janaSia, 1958, ud8 133)... rogorc vxedavT, simon janaSia garkveulwilad arigebs zemoT warmodgenil or Tvalsazriss... 1966 wels gamoqveynda marika lorTqifaniZis `adrefeodaluri xanis qarTuli saistorio mwerloba", sadac, k.kekeliZeze dayrdnobiT, avtori askvnis: `X saukunis qarTul istoriografiaSi sruliad kanonzomierad Tavsdeba am xanis sazogadoebrivi a zr o v n e b i s gamomxatveli iseTi SesaniSnavi Zegli, rogoricaa iovane-zosimes `qebaò da didebaò qarTulisa enisaò"; `qebaòSi" qarTuli berZnulTan SedarebiT daCagruladaa warmodgenili awmyoSi, Tumca,

sinamdvileSi is berZnulis Tanasworiao - wers avtori (gv.110-111). `qebaòs" teqstis pirveli vrceli ganxilva gamoqveynda 1977 wels akaki baqraZis mier (`kritikuli gulani"). man sanimuSod CaTvala ak.SaniZis mier 1959 wels gamoqveynebuli varianti, romelic erTvis 864 wlis sinur `mravalTavs": ak.baqraZis azriT, elene dedofalma gamogzavna nino saqarTveloSi, amitomac `qebaòs" avtori qarTlis momaqcevlad orives miiCnevs. ak.baqraZe cdilobs, axsnas teqstSi mocemuli simboloebi (qristianuli personaJebi: lazare, nino, elene, mariami, marTa, daviT, maTe, da ricxvebi: oTxi, erTi, aTasi, oTxi aTasi, oTxmocdaToTxmeti, asi); igi askvnis: arabobis Semdeg _ erTobili saqarTvelos aRdgenis periodSi _ TandaTanobiT SemuSavda azri qarTuli enis RvTaebrivi bunebis Sesaxeb. es idea yvelaze srulad gamoxatulia polemikuri xasiaTis himniT: `qebaò da didebaò qarTulisa enisaò" (gv.12_20). 1979 wels dabeWdil akaki gelovanis naSromSi: `1000 weli qarTulis Zeglisa" (mnaTobi, 1979, #3) gavrcobil-gazviadebulia k.kekeliZis mosazreba; kerZod, avtori wers: berZnebi da qarTvelebi Zmebi arian (nino da elene!), amitom, iovane-zosimes azriT, maTi enebi Tanabari pativiscemis Rirsni arian... `qebaò" erTa megobrobis saocari Canasaxia" - askvnis avtori (gv.183-184)... ak.gelovani fiqrobs, rom `qebaòs" mixedviT, qarTuli ena 4000 wlis Semdeg aRdgeba (gv.182)... ramaz patariZem 1981-87 wlebSi xuTi werili uZRvna `qebaòs”; misi azriT, `qebaò" aris qarTuli

enis didebis himni; masSi devs qarTul asomTavrul anbanTan qarTuli erovnuli welTa aRricxvis mimarTebis saidumlo; agreTve, SefarviT gacxadebulia Zv.w. 284 weli anu pirveli weli sayovelTao saxelmwifo qarTuli enisa da sruliad saxelmwifo qarTuli mwignobrobis SemoRebisa (r.patariZe, 1981, gv.162); mkiTxvels SevaxsenebT, rom r.patariZe qarTuli anbanisa da welTa aRricxvis problemebs ikvlevs... 1982-1990 wlebSi daibeWda zurab kiknaZis oTxi statia (`literaturuli saqarTvelo", 1982, 25 ivnisi, gv.6; `kritika", 1985, # 1; `skola da cxovreba", 1990, # 3); misi azriT, `qebaòs" saidumloSi ar igulisxmeba anbanis Seqmnis saidumlo; `qebaòSi" nagulisxmevia mkvdreTiT aRdgomis saidumlo; Sdr.; qristes megobari iovane `saidumlos" acxadebs, xolo lazare (aseve qristes megobari)_ganicdis; `aRdgoma lazares piradi gamocdilebaa, riTac winaswar iqna moswavebuli sayovelTao aRdgoma ukanaskneli dRisa" (z.kiknaZe, 1982, gv.6); qarTuli ena aris qristes msaxuri, misi saidumlos Semnaxavi; `am eniT yvela enas anu e r s ganucxadebs ufali `yovel saidumlos" anu aRdgomis saidumlos" (iqve, gv.6). z.kiknaZis azriT, `qebaòSi" moxseniebuli 4000 weli aris dro meored mosvlamde (z.kiknaZe, 1990, gv.23). 1983 wels gamoqveynda nugzar papuaSvilis werili: `qebaòs" fakultatiuri swavlebisaTvis" (qarTuli ena da literatura skolaSi, #2, gv.78-89). n.papuaSvili fiqrobs, rom `himnSi" warmoCenilia qarTuli enis sakraluri buneba; `iovane zosimes azriT, qarTuli

ena aris pirvelqmnili adamis ena; RmerTi yovel xalxs (yovelsa enasa) am eniT amxilebs: qristem `amiTa eniTa" unda gaasamarTlos adamianebi da erebi meored mosvlis Jams" (gv.81). 1983 wlis 22 aprils `literaturul saqarTveloSi" Tamaz Cxenkelma kidev erTi axali interpretacia dabeWda: misi azriT, meored mosvlis Jams qriste mkvdreTiT aRadgens qarTul enas, viTarca iovanelazare aRadgina (gv.10); xolo `axali nino" anbanis Semoqmeds faravso. T.CxenkelTan polemikaSi Caeba dali firosmanaSvili (kritika, 1983, #4); `axal ninoSi" is varaudobs nana dedofals, xolo qarTuli anbanis warmoSobis TariRi istoriuli kolxeTis arsebobis periodSi gadaaqvs; `qarTuli anbani uZvelesi da upirvelesia, vidre berZnuli; mariamic ufrosi unda yofiliyo marTaze"_askvnis l8abhjcvfyfidbkb8 1983 welsave `mnaTobSi" daibeWda ediSer WeliZis gamokvleva, sadac avtori fiqrobda, rom `qebaò" gnostikuri xasiaTis Zeglia; kerZod, is Tvlida, rom `qebaò" pretenzias acxadebs qristesagan momdinare `saidumlo sibrZnis" flobaze, amdenad, `qebaò" ewinaaRmdegeba orTodoqsul qristianobaso (mkiTxvels SevaxsenebT, rom qristianobam gnosticizmi dagmo III saukuneSi)... mogvianebiT ediSer WeliZem uaryo warmodgenili Sexeduleba, magram, ramdenadac, Cven dRes Zeglis Seswavlis istorias vixilavT, aq mainc warmovadgineT... amJamad Cven xelT gvaqvs 1988 wels dawerili e.WeliZis gamouqveynebeli xelnaweri Sroma,

sadac is wers, rom `qebaòs" saidumlo jer kidev `dabeWdulia" (dafarulia-t.f.) mkiTxvelisaTvis" (gv.1)... `qebaòs" ramdenime werili uZRvna guram narsiZem (ganTiadi, 1984, # 6; mnaTobi, 1986, #4...); misi azriT, leqsSi gacxadebulia udidesi saidumlo meored mosvlis TariRi: qarTuli ena aRdgeba 4000 wlis Semdeg (g. narsiZe, 1984, gv.170-171); g. narsiZe fiqrobs, rom iovane-zosime wers qarTul enaze suliwmindis gadmosvlis Sesaxeb; aqve, mkvlevarma `qebaòs" avtori xiliaizmis mimdevrad gamoacxada (g. narsiZe, 1986, gv. 142-144); mkiTxvels SevaxsenebT, rom `xiliaizmi" IV saukunis Semdeg mwvaleblobad gamocxadda; xiliaizmis mimdevarTa mixedviT, meored mosvla mosalodneli iyo uaxloes periodSi... aqve minda aRvniSno, rom `qebaòs” avtorze xiliaizmis mimdevrobis dabraleba ganapiroba g. narsiZis patriotulma suliskveTebam: mas surda, Cveni welTaRricxvis 342-343 wlebiT daeTariRebina Zegli da uZveles daTariRebul Txzulebad warmoeCina igi (swored amave mizeziT, Cvens mier dasaxelebul bevr sxva mkvlevarsac mouvida cdomileba...). Jurnal `paralelSi" (1984, gv.158-181) gamoqveynebul statiaSi murTaz Caxava Tvlis, rom `qebaò" apokalifsuri Zeglia, sadac weria, rom ioane maxarebeli kacobriobas uflis `saidumlo sityvas" qarTul enaze daubrunebs: `ioanes avtorobas, marTalia, apokalifsi gvauwyebs, magram misi wignis qarTulobas zosime migvaniSnebs" - wers m.Caxava (gv.167). nodar kandelakisa da guram cercvaZis azriT,

`qebaò" inaxavs qarTuli welTa aRricxvis saidumlos; kerZod, `qebaòSi" moxsenebuli `94 weli" qarTuli welTa aRricxvis sinqronizaciis welia, amdenad, `qebaòs" didi mniSvneloba aqvs qronologiuri sistemebisaTvis (1987, gv.157-158). 1987 wels `macneSi", xolo 1990 wels wignSi: `saqarTvelos sulieri missia" gamoqveynda zviad gamsaxurdias `qebaò da didebaò qarTulisa enisaò". sqolioSi miTiTebulia, rom naSromi erTi nawilia vrceli gamokvlevisa, romelsac avtori amzadebs iovanezosimes esqatologiisa (moZRvreba msoflios saboloo bedis Sesaxeb) da masTan dakavSirebuli filologiuri da eTnologiuri problemebis Sesaxeb. mecnieri Tavidanve SeniSnavs, rom miznad ara aqvs, Suqi mohfinos yvela saWirboroto sakiTxs, Tumca, kvlevis procesSi TiTqmis yvela problemaa ganxiluli. zviad gamsaxurdia, pirvel rigSi, arkvevs termin `enis" mniSvnelobas; misi marTebuli daskvniT, `qebaòSi" gamoyenebuli aRniSnuli leqsema upirvelesad gulisxmobs `qarTvel ers" (gv.43). `qebaòs" sxva mkvlevarebs gakvriT hqondaT miniSnebuli, rom leqsSi gamoyenebuli sityva-forma `ena" am enis matarebel xalxsac moiazrebs; gavixsenoT Tundac grigol robaqiZis sityvebi: `qebaò" aRiqmeba rogorc cxovelyofili saxe qarTvelobisa"... zviad gamsaxurdiam pirvelma aqcia `qebaòs" `daSifruli" koncefciis amosaval cnebad sityva `ena", riTac qarTuli enis himnad monaTluli poeturi qmnileba qarTveluri modgmis didebis Zeglad warmoaCina.

zemoT davinaxeT da qvemoTac kidev gavadevnebT Tvals, rom yoveli mkvlevari Tavisi profesiisa da ganaTlebis mixedviT eZebs `qebaòs" teqstSi `damarxuli" saidumlos g a s a R e b s; amTaviTve aRvniSnavT: zviad gamsaxurdiaseuli xedva uTuod gansazRvra ara mxolod misma farTo erudiciam, aramed 200-wlovani monobis gamo daTrgunul qarTvelobaSi rwmenis ganmtkicebis dauokebelma survilma. zviad gamsaxurdias azriT, `qebaò da didebaò qarTulisa enisaò" gveubneba: qarTveli eri Zvel msoflioSi ganfenili protoiberiuli modgmis memkvidrea da iarsebebs meored mosvlamde (gv.45); suliwminda qarTuli enis, qarTveli eris meSveobiT ganaxorcielebs Tavis misias, rodesac amxels kacobriobas meored mosvlis Jams (gv.58)... zviad gamsaxurdia Tvlis, rom `qebaòs" mixedviT, qarTveluri modgma anu promeTes kultura anu iberiuli ena, odesRac Zlieri da aRzevebuli, X saukunisTvis ukve 4000 wlis damdablebulia, `mkvdaria"; es `damdableba" igive qristianuli naTlisRebaa da gardauvlad mosdevs aRdgoma (gv.70); X saukunidan, kerZod, iovane-zosimes droidan ukve iwyeba qarTveluri modgmis aRorZineba - askvnis mkvlevari. zviad gamsaxurdias naSromis gamoqveynebis Semdeg kidev ramdenime statia daibeWda; avtorebs gamsaxurdiaseuli versia arc uaruyviaT da arc mxardaWera gamouxatavT. dimitri janeliZis azriT (`sabWoTa xelovneba",

1989, #4, gv.54), `qebaò" gvamcnobs qarTuli xatovani da lursmuli damwerlobis Seqmnis TariRs; kerZod, Cvens welTaRricxvamde me-3 aTaswleulSi Seiqmna pirveli qarTuli damwerlobao... avT.ioselianis mixedviT (qarTuli mwignobrobis, wignisa da stambis istoriis sakiTxebi, 1990), `qebaòSi" gaigivebulia qarTuli ena da qarTuli mwignobroba anu anbani (gv.23); misi azriT, iovane-zosime `yovelsa saidumloSi" gulisxmobs qarTuli enis xasiaTs: mis gramatikul wyobas, leqsikur marags, amouwurav sintaqsur SesaZleblobebs... ucnauri kvleva Caatara revaz berulavam; man gazeT `erSi" dabeWda statia `qebaòdan" kompiuteriT amocnobili mesia" (17.04.1991); misi dakvirvebiT, Tu `qebaòSi" gamoyenebul aso-niSnebs sixSiris mixedviT davalagebT, wavikiTxavT mesia -s; iovane-zosimem daSifrulad mogvawoda es sityvao - gveubneba sagazeTo statiis avtori; revaz berulavamve Tavisi werilis `minawerSi" mesiad daasaxela zviad gamsaxurdia... aRniSnul gazeTs mkacrad gamoexmaura saqarTvelos pirveli prezidenti; kerZod, gazeT `ers" (redaqtori iyo apolon silagaZe) gaugzavna werili, romelic ucvlelad mogvyavs:

`w `werili erili

gazeT

`eris"

redaqciisadmi"

`Cemi reaqcia Tqveni gazeTis publikaciaze `qebaòdan" kompiuteriT amocnobili mesia" erTgvarad dagvianebuli gaxlavT, vinaidan gvian gavecani mas. ganvmartav, rom termini `messia"

SeiZleba ixmarebodes mxolod gankacebul RmerTTan, ieso qristesTan dakavSirebiT. sxva messia, saRvTo werilis mixedviT, ar axsovs kacobriobas warsulSi da arc moelis mas momavalSi. SesaZloa, avtori werilisa gulwrfeli pativiscemiT iyos ganmsWvaluli Cemdami, magram Cemi an nebismieri pirovnebis moxseneba messiad, yovlad gaumarTlebelia. xolo gazeTma Zalze cudi samsaxuri gamiwia am werilis publikaciiT, vinaidan mxolod Cems mtrebs aZlevs xels". zviad gamsaxurdia, 1991 wlis 28 aprili warmodgenili werili dabeWdilia gazeT `erSi" 1991 wlis 8 maiss; amave nomerSi gamoqveynda guram TevzaZis polemikuri xasiaTis naSromi, sadac argumentirebuladaa uaryofili revaz berulavas kompiuteruli kvlevis Sedegebisa da iovane-zosimes Canafiqris Tanxvdeniloba. vfhbyt x[fhnbidbkbc lfcrdybs7 3mt,f~4 fh fhbc ktmcb fhw ajhvbs lf fhw ibyffhcbs ~ilh87g8byujhj.df7 !(%&7 ud8&$(`8 bub itbwfdc hfvltybvt vbrhjntmcnc7 hjvkt,bw udbvnrbwt,ty mfhsekb tybc ufycfresht,ekj,fc7 fuhtsdt kfpfhtcf lf mfhsekb tybc bubdtj,fc8 htdfp cbhf'tv gfhfktkb uffdkj 3mt,f~cf4 lf IX-X cfereytt,bc ,ekufhtkb vothkbc - xthyjhbptw [hf,hbc vbth itmvybk yfofhvjt,c ijhbc8 jhbdt yfofhvjt,bc vbpfybf ,th'yek tyfcsfy eakt,hbdfl uffsfyf,hjc vij,kbehb tyf ~,ekufhtksf vjmwtdf lf ckfdehb fy,fybc itmvyf vj[lf *^# otkc`888 h8cbhf'bc fphbs7 fvudfhb s[pekt,t,bc vbpfybf

3nhbkbyudbcnbrbc4 stjhbbc 2 cfvb ovbylf tybc stjhbbc 2 efh.jaf8 itybidyf5 mhbcntc ]dfhwvbcfc ]dfhc cfv tyfpt ~,th'yekfl7 kfsbyehfl lf t,hfekfl` tothf 3beltdtksf vtat49 nhbkbyudbcnbrbc stjhbbc vb[tldbs v[jkjl fv cfv tyfpt eylf itmvybkb.j lfvothkj,f888 h8cbhf'bc vc]tkj,bc vb[tldbs 3mt,f~ib4 ufnfht,ekbf fphb7 hjv vtjhtl vjcdkbc lhjc flfvbc tybc_fhfvtekbc flubkc mfhsekb tyf lfbzthc5 fv lhjc fqlut,f vbcb kjujcehb ,eyt,f ~h8cbhf't7 !((@7 ud8^%`8 !((# otkc lf,tzlbk dkflbvth xe,byb'bc obuyib5 3cfcofekb4 ewyfehflff fvj[cybkb ~0` 3qebaòs" cfblevkj5 fdnjhbc fphbs7 mfhsekb tybc 3itysfy vtjhtl vjcdkbc ~0` itvltu ut'ktdf bctsb wjlyf7 hjv qvthsbc njkb fye bubd qvthsb [lt,b4888 ~ud8#$^`9 d8xe,byb't mfhsekb tybc obyfcf[tl fqflutyc vtuhekc ~ud8##@`7 hjvtkbw vfc vcjakbjc .dtkf tybc cfo.bcfl vbfxybf ~ud8##)`8 !(($ otkc ufvjwtvek obuyib5 3vcjakbjc lfcf,fvbctekb fqvjxtyf4 ubdb fkfpybcgbhtkb fvnrbwt,c7 hjv 3qebaòs" vb[tldbs eafkb ltlfvbofpt ufvjxylt,f @))) okbcfsdbc ~ud8^(`8 !((% otkc mesfbcib ufvjmdt.ylf hjpf ltdlfhbfybc obuyb5 3mhbcnbfyekb vothkj,bc cfsfdtt,sfy47 cflfw `qebaòs" itcf[t, ofhvjlutybkb vc]tkj,bc vb[tldbs7 3fgjrfkbacbc4 idbl,tzlbfyb qdsft,hbdb obuyb ~hjvtkcfw vtjhtl vjcdkbc ;fvc vfvf qvthsb uflfcwtvc vtcbfc` lf mfhsekb tyf bltynehb ibyffhcbc wyt,t,bf ~h8ltdlfhbfyb7 !((%7 ud8!#@`8 !((^ otkc vrbs[dtkvf vbbqj vsfdfhtgbcrjgjc fyfybf ]fafhb'bc 3cfmfhsdtkjc cfvjwbmekj trktcbbc bcnjhbbc4

I njvb8 fdnjhbc fphbs7 3mt,f~ib4 yfobyfcofhvtn.dtkt,bf lfrybyt,ekb mfhsekb tybc sfdbc resdybk eakt,t,ib fqlutyf9 rth'jl7 hfvltyflfw yfofhvjt,b lfothbkbf VI cfereybc lfcfo.bcib7 yfobyfcofhvtn.dtkt,b lhj lfluf ($ ~fy !)$` okbc itvltu8 t8b8 VI cereybc vboehekc ~f8]fafhb't7 !((^7 ud8#$)-#$#`9 3itvlujv cfereytib rdkfd itbpqelf mfhsekb tyf8 bc sfdbc eakt,t,ib chekfl fqlut,f nfjrkfh]tsbc7 fa[fptsbcf lf rf[ts-/thtsbc cfvtajt,bc itmvybc itvlujv8 tc vfhskfw /ufdlf kfpfhtc fqlubyt,fc VI-VII cfereytt,bc ltdyfcsfy itlfht,bs4 ~f8]fafhb't7 !((^7 ud8 #$$`8 !((^ okbc # ctmntv,hbc ufpts 3mesfbcib4 ufvjmdt.ylf vfhbfv x[tb'bc cnfnbf5 3ofhqdyfvltkb b,thbekb tyf49 vbcb fphbs7 3mt,f~ lf lblt,f~ mfhsekbcf tybcf~s" fdnjhb akj,lf e'dtktc cfqdsj othbkj,bs o.fhjc9 o.fhjib fqybiyekb eylf .jabkb.j ofhqdyfvltkb tybcf lf 'dtkb b,thbekb tybc bubdtj,f9 v8x[tb'bc fphbs7 pjcbvt sdkbc7 hjv b,thbekb eybdthcfkehb tyf itbmvyf ofhqdyfvltkb wbdbkbpfwbbc lfae'yt,bcfc84 * * * 3mt,f~ lf lblt,f~ mfhsekbcf tybcf~4 mfhsdtkehb wyj,btht,bc7 reknehbc vybidytkjdfyb7 itb'kt,f bsmdfc7 eybrfkehb 'tukb hjv fhbc7 firfhff7 fvltyfl7 vbc itcf[t, vjvfdfkibw fk,fs ,tdhb ufvjrdktdf lfbotht,f8 xdty mdtvjs ofhvjdflutys ntmcnbc ltnfkeh fyfkbpc7 fm7 itcofdkbc bcnjhbbc eahj chekb cehfsbc itcfmvytkfl itdxthlt,bs rbltd hfvltybvt cfrbs[bc ufhitvj5 ktybyuhflbc cf]fhj ,b,kbjstrbc obuyscfwfdib gfdkt byujhj.dfc vbth vbrdktek bjdfyt-pjcbvtc [tkyfothsfufy ths-thsb itbwfdc rht,ekbc cfhxtdc8 cfhxtdbc ,jkj

gfhfuhfabf 3itc[vf~ cf,f~cb lf cf,fovbylbcf~ lf mfhsdtksf~ lf mfhsdtksf tybcf~48 g8byujhj.dfc fphbs7 fm eylf .jabkb.j cfvb ntmcnb5 3itc[vf~ cf,f~cb lf cf,fovblbcf~47 3mt,f~ mfhsdtksf~4 lf 3mt,f~ ~itc[vf~` mfhsdtksf ~mfhsekbcf` tybcfò". fvfsufy gbhdtkb lf vtcfvt xdtyfvlt vjqotekbf7 [jkj vtjht lfrfhuekbf ~g8byujhj.df7 !(%&7 ud8 &$*`8 xdtyb fphbs7 vtjht ntmcnb - 3mt,f~ mfhsdtksf~4 lfrfhuekb fh fhbc7 dbyfblfy ptvj[ctyt,ek cfhxtdib vbsbst,ekbf fhf cfvb7 fhfvtl jhb ntmcnb5 3itc[vf~ cf,f~cb lf cf,fovblbcf~4 lf 3itc[vf~ mfhsdtksf~ lf mfhsdtksf tybcf~49 gbhdtkb ntmcnb vskbfyj,fib ofhvjflutyc cf,fcf lf cf,fovblbc mt,fc7 [jkj vtjht ntmcnb fctdt vskbfyj,fibf mfhsdtksf lf mfhsdtksf tybc mt,f7 [jn,f+ fvudfhfl7 bjdfyt-pjcbvtcfsdbc yfstkb b.j7 hjv ntmcnb7 hjvtkbw vfy fhfthsupbc uflfothf7 b.j mfhsdtkehb vjluvbc7 mfhsdtkj,bc7 vbcb reknehbc7 tybc [jn,f lf fvbnjvfw itehxbf vfc fvudfhb cfsfehb8 hjujhw mdtvjsfw dyf[fds7 ntmcnbc fyfkbpb cfdct,bs ezthc v[fhc fvudfh uffpht,fc8 3mt,f~4 fh fhbc7 thsb v[hbd7 gtcbvbcnehb fov.jc lf7 vtjht v[hbd7 vjvfdfkib vbcb fqptdt,bc bvtlbc ufvjv[fndtkb ktmcbobyfcofhvtn.dtkt,f+ 3mt,f~4 fhbc v[jkjl lf v[jkjl mfhsdtkj,bcf lf mfhsekb tybc ufvjhxtekj,bc /bvyb8 c[df se fhfathb7 bjdfyt-pjcbvtc vbth ithxtekb .dtkf cfsfehb thsvybidytkjdyfl 3itc[vfc47 3mt,fc4 vjbfpht,c ~ntmcnbc lfodhbkt,bsb fyfkbpb b[8 mdtvjs`8 rfyjybrehb mhbcnbfyekb vothkj,bcsdbc7 rjyrhtnekfl rb /bvyjuhfabbcfsdbc lfvf[fcbfst,tkb fh fhbc pbupfubct,hb uhflfwbf5 ]th fvfqkt,f7 itvltu lfwtvf7 itvltu bctd fvfqkt,f lf f8i8 nhflbwbekfl7 mt,bc7 itc[vbc7 [jn,bc j,btmnb7 hjwf vothfkc itvj/.fdc

vrbs[dtkbc ~vcvtytkbc` sdfksf[tldfib7 erdt fvfqkt,ekbf9 vbc ofhcek lfwtvekj,fpt7 cbrybytpt kfgfhfrbc ufuh'tkt,f fhwff vjcfkjlytkb ~fv rjyntmcnib7 ,eyt,hbdbf7 fh ufyb[bkt,f .dtkf ovbylfybcfsdbc lfvf[fcbfst,tkb 3sdbsfqbfht,f47 sfdvlf,kj,f lf f8i8`9 fmtlfy ufvjvlbyfhtw7 3mt,f~ mfhsdtksf~ lf mfhsdtksf tybcf~4 fh eylf b.jc 3jhgjkecbfyb4 ibyffhcbc vmjyt ~fov.jib 2 lfrybyt,ekb9 vjvfdfkib - fvfqkt,ekb`8 vjwtvek rjyntmcnib cfbynthtcjf fuhtsdt 3mt,f~c4 ntmcnbcf lf lfdfsbc cntkbc cbe;tnbc cbf[kjdtpt vc]tkj,f5 !(*% okbc !( vfbcc ufpts 3rjveybcnib4 ufvjmdt.ylf u8f,hfvbidbkbcf lf p8fktmcb'bc cnfnbf9 vfsb fphbs7 3brjyjuhfabek rjvgjpbwbt,ib lfcfidt,bf v[jkjl vfw[jdhbc7 ]dhbcf lf qdsbcvij,kbc fvfqkt,bc7 ufylblt,bc cwtyf9 lfdfsbc cntkfpt qdsbcvij,kbc flubkfcff fy,fyb7 [jkj ,hlf'jhbc cntkfpt ~VI cfereyt` rb 2 celfhfib uf[dtekb kfpfht84 lfdfsbc cntkfw VI cfereybc 'tukflff vbxytekb ~r8vfxf,tkb7 !(*(7 ud8#$-$&`8 lfdfsbc cntkfpt ofhvjlutybkb fcjvsfdhekb fy,fyb bvsfdbsdt mfhsek tyfcsfy ufbubdlf9 vskbfyfl cbe;tnb rb 3mt,f~c4 ntmcnbc fyfkjubeh stvfl ufvjw[fllf8 3mt,f~c4 ibyffhcbcf lf lfdfsbc cntkbc cbe;tnbc stvfnehb bubdtj,f7 hfvltyflfw xdtysdbc wyj,bkbf7 fhwths vrdktdfhc cftzdjl fh ufe[lbf8 h8hfvbidbkb7 h8gfnfhb't7 p8ufvcf[ehlbf7 u8yfhcb't7 fds8bjctkbfyb lf c[dfyb fhuevtynbht,ekfl vbbxytdlyty fvudfh itgbhbcgbht,fc9 eahj vtnbw7 vfu87 fds8bjctkbfybc fphbs7 ,hlf'jhbc cntkfptw kfpfhtc fvfqkt,fib mfhsekb tyff vjfpht,ekb53lfdfsbcf lf ,hlf'jhbc cntkfpt ufvj[fnekb cwtyt,b thsvfytsbcfufy v[jkjl bvbs ufyc[dfdlt,bfy7 hjv lblt,bc ifhfdfyltlib thsufy mfhsekb fy,fybf7 [jkj vtjhtufy 2 kfpfht8 lfdfsbcf lf ,hlf'jhbc cntkfptw itho.vekbf

jhb cbv,jkj 2 kfpfhtcb ~mhbcntc vtuj,hbc` lf bltf mfhsekb tybc fqjh'byt,bcf kfpfhtcsfy ufbubdt,bs4 ~fds8bjctkbfyb7 !(()7 ud8%#`8 dabmhj,s7 cfrbs[bc itcofdkbc bcnjhbbc pjuflb cehfsbw fsdfkcfxbyjt,c7 hjv 3mt,f~ lf lblt,f~ mfhsekbcf tybcf~4 mfhsekb vjluvbcf lf tybc cflblt,tkbf7 sevwf firfhff bcbw7 hjv vrdktdfhsf thsb yfobkb 'fkbfy fpdbflt,c 3mt,f~c4 fdnjhbc 3fphc4 lf mfhsekc flfvbc tyfl sdkbc8 vtjht yfobkb rb frybyt,c cfufkj,kbc fdnjhbc rjywtawbfc lf v[jkjl ,th'yeksfy mfhsekbc sfyfcojhj,bc vjnbdfvlt lf/.fdc888 .jdtkb thb sfdbc bcnjhbek aeymwbfc se vbcbfc jlbsufydt t'bt,c7 sfdbc ofhcekc qdsft,t,sfy frfdibht,c7 hbsfw sfdbc sfdib f.fkb,t,c sdbsuflfhxtybc7 se ufphlfuf'kbtht,bc gthcgtmnbdfc9 mfhsdtkb thbc thjdyekcf[tkvobajt,hbdb wyj,btht,f fk,fs e'dtktcb gthbjlblfy bqt,c cfsfdtc9 .jdtk itvs[dtdfib7 afmnbf7 hjv thjdyekb sdbsituyt,bc fcgtmnbs7 VI cfereybc cntkfpt fvfqkt,ekfl ofhvjlutybkb mfhsekb tyf7 cfufkj,tkb5 3mt,f~ lf lblt,f~ m f h s d t k s f l f m f h s d t k s f t y b c f~ 4 7 X c f e r e y b c vjqdfobc_ ubjhub vthxekbc wyj,bkb rjywtawbf cfmfhsdtkjc cfpqdht,bc itcf[t,7 'dtk mfhsdtk vtvfnbfytsf vwltkj,fyb7 b,thsf ~mfhsdtksf` ofhvjvfdkj,f ,b,kbehb gthcjyf;t,blfy lfto.js7 fuhtsdt5 mfhsdtkehb lf ,th'yekb vbsjkjubehb ofhvjlutyt,b fvbhfyb-ghjvtstc7 fbtnbcf lf vtltfc itcf[t, thsbfy thjdyek-gfnhbjnek rjyntmcnib itb'kt,f ufydb[bkjs888 fmdt fqdybiyfds bvfcfw7 hjv lfdfsbc cntkfpt ofhvjlutybkb rjvgjpbwbf lfwekb udfmdc vfs[j]bc ov8,fcbkbc trktcbbc ths 'dtk [fnptw9 fh fhbc ufvjhbw[ekb7 fvudfhb c[df

ljrevtynt,bw fqvjxyltc7 hfvltyflfw vhfdfk tyfpt fvtn.dtkt,ek vjwbmeksf rehs[tdbs7 vfhskvflblt,kj,f vij,kbehb tybc lfafct,bc se 3itc[vbc4 cfae'dtkc sfdbcsfdfl fvpflt,c888 itybidyf53mt,f~ s " S e s w a v l i s i s t o r i i s sakiTxebi" ofrbs[ek bmyf !((( okbc #! vfhnc s,bkbcbc cf[tkvobaj eybdthcbntnib pdbfl ufvcf[ehlbfc ^) okbcsfdbcflvb vb'qdybk cfvtwybthj rjyathtywbfpt8 @))) okbc st,thdfkib ~hjltcfw xdtyb obuyb erdt lfrf,fljyt,ekb b.j` ufdtwfybs styubp fklfvb'bc ufvjrdktdfc9 fdnjhb ~s" variantebs da teqstis calkeul b[bkfdc 3mt,f 3mt,f~s" muxlebs.

`qeba~s"

Tavi III teqstologiur analizis

-

semantikuri

sakiTxebi

ideur-mxatvruli Tu ezoTerul-egzoTeruli TvalsazrisiT monoliTuri sagalobeli, saTauris CaTvliT TerTmet monakveTad (muxlad) SeiZleba warmovadginoT; ganvixilavT TiToeuls cal - calke: [1]

`qebaò

da

didebaò

qarTulisa

enisaò"

samecniero literaturaSi sxvadasxvagvaradaa gaazrebuli sityva-forma `ena"; pavle ingoroyvas azriT, sagalobeli `warmoadgens qarTuli enis mistiur xotbas" (p.ingoroyva, 1924, gv.267); gr.robaqiZis xatovani SeniSvniT, `qebaò" aRiqmeba rogorc cxovelmyofeli saxe qarTvelobisa" (`vaJas engandi"), amdenad, aq pirvelad Cans gaigivebuli qarTuli ena da qarTveli

eri... 1981 wels gamoqveynebul naSromSi zurab kiknaZem erT konteqstSi paralelurad warmoadgina eri da ena (gv.6). n.papuaSvilma pirvelma xazgasmiT dawera, rom `qebaòSi” xdeba enisa da xalxis gaigiveba (n.papuaSvili, 1983, gv.81). zviad gamsaxurdia pirveli mecnieria, vinc `qebaòs” avtoriseuli koncefciis amosaval sityvad aqcia ena eris~vjluvbc` ufut,bs~p8ufvcf[ehlbf7 !(*&`8 xdtyb fphbs7 cfufkj,tkib ktmctvf 3tyf4 jhbdt vybidytkj,bsff ufvj.tyt,ekb9 itcf,fvbcfl7 cfsfehibw 3mfhsekb tyf4 mfhsdtkeh vjluvfcfw ybiyfdc8 cffvbcjl cfertstcj cf,esfl vbudfxybf sfdfl bjdfyt-pjcbvtc vbth ithxtekb ths-thsb cfsfehb5 3itc[vfò mfhsdtksfò lf mfhsdtksf tybcfò 488 3lfvfh[ek fhc tyf ò mfhsekb lqtlvlt tyfò vtjhtl vjckdbcf vbcbcf cfofvt,kfl7 hf ò sf hfò .jdtkcf tyfcf qvthsvfy fv[bkjc fvbs tybsf4 gfdkt byujhj.df ~!(@$7 ud8 @^*`5 3mfhsekb tyf ityf[ekbf vtjhtl vjcdkbcfsdbc lf erfyfcrytkb ufyc]f vtcbbc vbth mfhsek tyfpt vj[lt,f45 rjhytkb rtrtkb't ~!(*)7 ud8!^&`5 3vfw[jdfhb fv tyfpt ufybrbs[fdc lf fv[bkt,c vcjakbjc4888 vtwybthsf lblb yfobkb tsfy[vt,f fvudfh ufyvfhnt,fc8 tlbith ztkb'bcf lf pehf, rbryf'bc fphbs7 3fv[tkc4 cbn.df-ajhvf uekbc[vj,c ufw[flt,fc7 ufv[tkfc ~b[87 vfu87 tlbith ztkb'bc [tkyfothb ihjvf9 b[87 fuhtsdt5 t9ztkb't7 !(*#9 p8rbryf't7 !(()`8 dabmhj,s7 hjv hfvltyflfw tyf ~vjluvf` lf v[bkt,f

~ufw[flt,f` gjkbctvfynehb cbn.dt,bf7 3mt,fòs4 fdnjhc jhbdt ptvjs vj.dfybkb fphb itb'kt,jlf tuekbc[vf9 cfthsjl7 3mt,fòs4 se 3dta[bcn.fjcybc4 nbgbc itltdht,b7 seylfw lfdbs uehfvbidbkbc ktmct,b7 hfvltybvtudfh yf.jac b'ktdbfy888 3vbcbcf cfofvt,tkfl47 fr8,fmhf'bc fphbs7 3lflfcneht,fc4 ybiyfdc9 pdbfl ufvcf[ehlbf7 cfvfhskbfyfl7 fm 3ztivfhbnt,bc ofvt,fc4 uekbc[vj,c ~ilh85 3dofvj ztivfhbnb49 bjdfyt7 !*7 #&`8 3lf tct tyf ~ v'byfht fhc lqtcfvjvlt tyf~ lf cf[fht,fcf ibyf fvfc tyfcf kfpfht /hm /hmAAfy4 nhflbwbek uffpht,fl lfvrdblhlf g8 byujhj.dfctekb dthcbf5 `qarTuli ena aris axali lazare enaTa Soris, romelic lazares msgavsad mkvdreTiT aRsdgeba" (p.ingoroyva, 1924, gv.268). zurab kiknaZis marTebuli daskvniT, `mZinare ars" sinonimia `damarxulis" (z.kiknaZe, 1990, gv.16); Zili aris Zalis Senaxvis wiaRi! qarTuli ena `gamzadebulia aRdgomisaTvis, rogorc sayviri mesiis xelSi, rom ers (`yovelsa enasa") ganucxados ukanaskneli saidumlo" (z.kiknaZe, 1981, gv. 6). amgvarad, warmodgenili ori taepis Sinaarsi iqneba: meored mosvlis dRemde qarTuli ena daculi, Senaxuli iqneba, raTa ufalma sxva enebsa da erebs am eniT amcnos WeSmariteba (meored mosvlis saidumlo); es ena dRemde (avtoris dromde t.f.) arsebobs rogorc g a c x a d e b i s aT v i s gamzadebuli... saxarebaSi qarTuli enis (modgmis) saxe_simboloa l a z a r e.

`da axalman nino moaqcia da helene dedofalman, ese arian orni dani, viTarca mariam da marTaò" ramdenadac CvenTvis cnobilia, mocemuli frazis pirveli swori ganmarteba pavle ingoroyvas ekuTvnis: `qarTvelni qristes sarwmunoebaze moaqcia orma qalma - ninom da elene dedofalma - da eseni arian orni dani viTarca mariam da marTa" (p.ingoroyva, 1924, gv.268). mogvianebiT, k.kekeliZis msgavsad, p.ingoroyvac wminda ninosa da elene dedoflis dawyvilebaSi qarTulisa da berZnulis Tanasworobas xedavda (p.ingoroyva, 1965, gv.594; Sdr.: k.kekeliZe, 1880, gv.167). ak.baqraZem ar gaiziara berZnulTan Tanasworobis versia; misi azri p.ingoroyvas pirvel mosazrebas amyarebs: ninoc da elenec saqarTvelos momaqcevelni arian; rac Seexeba qarTuls, is yvela sxva enaze, maT Soris berZnulzec ukeTesia `qebaòs" avtoris azriT (ak.baqraZe, 1977, gv.11). cnobilia, rom saqarTvelos gaqristianebas didad Seuwyves xeli konstantine didma da elene dedofalma. qarTveli mematianeebisaTvis da sasuliero pirTaTvis uTuod STambeWdavi faqti unda yofiliyo is, rom wminda jvris mpovneli da mflobeli elene dedofali uSualod Caeria saqarTvelos gaqristianebaSi; man wminda nino mociqulTa sworad da Tavis Tanasworad CaTvala (`moqceva~ qarTlisa~"), amdenad, CvenTvis savsebiT damajerebelia zviad gamsaxurdiaseuli Semdegi ganmarteba: `nino, mistikosi qali, naTelmxilveli, maradis mlocveli da mmarxveli da miT suliwmindis

madlis mompovebeli, Sedarebulia mariamTan, xolo helene dedofali, imperatrissa romisa, socialur sferoSi moRvawe, Sedarebulia marTasTan... erTTan dakavSirebulia RvTis mistiuri Wvreta, mistiuri Teologia, meoresTan _ qvelmoqmedeba da samarTlianoba socialur sferoSi... amiTvea ganmartebuli im ori modgmis missiis Tavisebureba, romlis warmomadgenlebic arian nino da helene dedofali" (z.gamsaxurdia, 1990, gv.51). azrTa sxvadasxvaobaa `axalman nino" frazis gagebaSic: Tamaz Cxenkelis mixedviT, `axalman nino" daSifruli saxelia qarTuli anbanis Semoqmedisa, imisa, vinc Targmna qristianuli wignebi da amiT qarTuli ena qristianulad moaqcia (T.Cxenkeli, 1983); n.papuaSvilis azriT, `axalman" niSnavs axal mociquls, e.i. andria pirvelwodebulis Semdeg movlinebuls (n.papuaSvili, 1983, gv.82). d.firosmanaSvilis daskvniT, `epiTeti `axalman nino" gulisxmobs nana dedofals” (d.firosmanaSvili, 1983, gv. 141). amave azrs aviTarebs murTaz Caxavac (1984, gv.171). zviad gamsaxurdias SeniSvniT, `axalman" niSnavs `pirvels", zurab kiknaZis azriT ki_`qristians" (1990, gv.16), wmindans, `siaxlis momtans" (1985, gv.147)... Cveni azriT, vinaidan saxarebaSi `axali cxovreba" sulier cxovrebas niSnavs, `axali nino" unda gaviazroT, rogorc `sulieri nino", siaxlis momtani nino. `da megobrobaò amisTAs Tqua, viTarmed yoveli saidumlo~ amas enasa Sina damarxul ars"

`megobroba" istoriul qarTulSi `maxloblobas" niSnavs; vfiqrobT, rom mocemul taepSi nagulisxmevi unda iyos qarTuli enisa da lazares `megobroba", siaxlove, saerTooba... Sesabamisad, rogorc cocxal lazareSia davanebuli `aRdgomis saidumlo" (z.kiknaZe, 1982, gv.6), aseve mis `megobar", msgavs, (axlobel) qarTul enaSic dafarulia, Senaxulia qristes saidumlo, romelic gacxaddeba meored mosvlis Jams... rogorc z.kiknaZe ambobs, `lazare da qarTuli ena arian msaxurni da `mneni saidumloTa RmrTisani" (z.kiknaZe, 1990, gv.22). zviad gamsaxurdias azriT, `qebaòs" mixedviT qarTveli eri, qarTveluri modgma aris megobari qristesi, iseve, rogorc lazare-iovane: `ai, ra igulisxmeba gamoTqmaSi: `da megobrobaò amisTAs Tqua" (z.gamsaxurdia, 1990, gv.52). iqve gamoTqmuli azris mixedviT, rogorc lazare-iovane iyo mflobeli kacobriobis yoveli ezoteruli saidumlosi, anu saidumlo sibrZnisa, aseve, damarxulia e.i. Semonaxulia yvela es saidumlo saqarTveloSi, qarTvel erSi da areklilia mis `enasa da kulturaSi" (gv.52). p.ingoroyvas azriT, `yoveli saidumlo" niSnavs `RvTiur saidumlos" (p.ingoroyva, 1924, gv.268); r.patariZe Tvlis, rom `yoveli saidumlo" niSnavs anbanis Seqmnis saidumlos (r.patariZe, 1981, gv.162)... giorgi narsiZis azriT, aq daSifrulia meored mosvlis dro (1984, gv.170)... amgvarad, ganxiluli ori monakveTi Semdegnairad unda gaviazroT: qarTveli eri, qarTuli ena uflis sityvisaken moaqcies wminda ninom da elene dedofalma;

eseni arian orni dani, viTarca mariam da marTaò. lazares megobar, axlobel (msgavs) qarTul enaSi, lazares darad, Semonaxulia, davanebulia daflviT naTlisRebis, aRdgomisa da gacxadebis saidumlo (`yoveli saidumlo" - rasac Seswvda lazare); rogorc zviad gamsaxurdia SeniSnavs, iovane maxareblis TvalsazrisiT, qristes yovel saidumlos `ara Tu misi mowafeni, mTeli samyaroc ver daitevs" (z.gamsaxurdia, 1990, gv.53). [6]

`da oTxisa dRisa mkudari amisTAs, Tqua daviT winawarmetyuelman, rameTu weli aTasi viTarca erTi dRY"

ak.baqraZis azriT, daviT winaswarmetyvelis 89-e fsalmunis petre mociquliseuli perifrazi imitom mohyavs `qebaòs" avtors, rom qarTvel urwmunoebs mouwodos moTminebisaken; `qarTuli enis aRorZinebis dRec dadgeba, oRond velodoT moTminebiT am dros da ar unda daviviwyoT, rom RmerTisaTvis aTasi weli erTi dRea" (1977, gv.13). daviT winaswarmetyveli 89-e fsalmunSi (arc sxvagan) oTx dReze ar laparakobs; oTxi dRis Tema sakuTriv `qeba~s" avtoris mieraa Semotanili; kerZod, igi ambobs, rom lazares oTxi dRe igivea rac qarTvelobis 4000 weli, vinaidan, rogorc daviT winaswarmetyveli ambobs, uflisaTvis erTi dRe aTasi welia (Sdr.: fsalmuni, 89, 3,4 da II petre, 3, 8). `qeba~s" `oTxisa dRisa mkudari" simbolurad agrZelebs lazaresa da qarTuli enis siaxlovis Temas, amdenad, Cveni azriT, `qeba~s" teqstSi gankveTiloba (mZime) unda daisvas `Tquas" win. `qeba~s" avtoris rwmeniT, rogorc

lazaresTvis oTxi dRe aris molodiniT arseboba, amgvaradve, qarTuli enisaTvis oTxi aTasi weli aris molodiniT arseboba (da amgvar arsebobas is gaagrZelebs meored mosvlamde!)... Sdr.: erTi dRe aTasi weli; oTxi dRe - oTxi aTasi weli... amgvari midgoma avtoris mierve gamyarebulia momdevno muxliT: `da saxarebasa Sina qarTulsa, Tavsa xolo maTYssa werili zis, romel asoò ars da ityAs yovlad oTx aTassa maragsa, da ese ars oTxi dRY"

SeniSvna:

oTxive xelnawerSi aris `werili" `TiTqosda mosalodneli wilis" nacvlad: adreul versiebSi w-s saxelwodeba `werili" unda yofiliyo (z.kiknaZe, 1990, gv.23). ar aris gamoricxuli, aq `werili" `nawersac" niSnavdes.

maTes saxarebis qarTuli Targmanis pirvelive asoniSani aris `w", romlis ricxviTi mniSvnelobaa 4000; unda vifiqroT, rom sityva-forma `maragi" warsulSi arsebul wlebs miuTiTebs (Tumca ilia abulaZis ganmartebuli sityva amis safuZvels naklebad iZleva)... 4000 aq unda miuTiTebdes dros babilonis godolidan_enebis gaCenidan_sagaloblis daweramde (ix.qvemoT)... `qebaòs" avtori momdevno striqonSi kidev ufro ganamtkicebs qarTuli enis 4 000 wlis istoriisa da lazares oTxi dRis igiveobis Tezas; iqve dasZens, rom orive saxis `dafluloba" qristeseul naTlisRebas niSnavs: lazare RvTiuri oTxdRiani molodiniT, damarxulobiT, `sikvdiliT" eziara qristes saidumlos

- aRdgomis saidumlos (da is Tavisi dumiliT inaxavs am saidumlos meored mosvlamde _ z.kiknaZe) xolo qarTuli ena (modgma) oTxiaTaswlovani warsuli arsebobiT cxadyofs Tavis RvTiurobas: `da oTxisa dRisa mkudari amisaTAs, mis Tanave dafluli sikudiliTa naTlisRebisa misisaòTa" zurab kiknaZis azriT, oTxi aTasi weli - qarTuli enis niSani - unda iyos dro qristes meored mosvlamde, e.i. qarTuli ena 4 000 weli unda iyos damarxuli qristes mosvlamde (z.kiknaZe, 1990, gv.23)...avtori iqve acxadebs: `damarxulia dRemde" gulixmobs dRes, roca amoiwureba 4000 weli: es aris dRe meored mosvlisa!" (z.kiknaZe, 1990, gv.23). aqve aRvniSnavT, rom ramdenadac CvenTvis cnobilia, amgvari mosazreba pirvelad daafiqsira akaki gelovanma; misi azriT, qarTuli ena aRdgeba 4 000 wlis Semdeg (1979, gv.182); Tavdapirvelad igive azri gaiziara e.WeliZem (1983, gv.132); g.narsiZem amgvari gaazrebis safuZvelze `qebaòs" avtors `xiliaizmis" mimdevroba daabrala (g.narsiZe, 1982, gv.182)... zviad gamsaxurdias mixedviT, 4 000 weli warsul dros asaxavs (rasac Cvenc viziarebT garkveuli dazustebiT; dawvrilebiT ixileT qvemoT). dimitri janeliZe varaudobs, rom 4 000 niSnavs qristemde me3 aTaswleulSi qarTveluri xatovani da lursmuli damwerlobis Seqmnis TariRs (d.janeliZe, 1989, gv.54). Cveni azriT, lazares aRdgineba meoTxe dRes da qarTvelobis gaqristianeba babilonis godolidan me-

4 aTaswleulSi (e.i. Cveni welTaRricxvis pirvel aTaswleulSi !) anu me-4 dRes `qebaòs" kidev erT mxatvrul-simbolur paralelad SeiZleba CavTvaloT. me-6, me-7, me-8 muxlebi, erTianad, Semdegnairad gaiazreba: oTxisa dRisa `mkudari" anu Senaxuli imitom aris qarTuli ena anu lazare, rom, rogorc daviT winaswarmetyveli ambobs, uflisaTvis aTasi weli aris erTi dRe (e.i. oTxi dRe - oTxi aTasi weli);aseve, maTes saxarebis qarTuli Targmanis pirveli aso-niSani `w" miuTiTebs oTxi aTasze. oTxi aTasi aris oTxi dRe anu oTxi dRis ganmavlobaSi `mkvdrad" arseboba (Senaxulad yofna) naTlobis molodinSi; es dro aris daflviT naTlisRebis periodi (rogorc lazaresi, aseve, qarTveluri modgmisa, qarTuli enisa)... `Senaxuloba" gagrZeldeba meored mosvlamde...WeSmariti aRdgoma `qarTuli enisa" iqneba swored meored mosvlis Jams... `da ese enaò Semkuli da kurTxeuli saxeliTa uflisa~Ta, mdabali da dawunebuli, moelis dResa mas meored moslvisa uflisasa" warmodgenili taepis gageba tradiciulad mcdarad xdeboda: `mdabali" da `dawunebuli" pirdapiri mniSvnelobiT iqna gaazrebuli uklebliv yvela mkvlevaris mier nugzar papuaSvilis garda; es ukanaskneli wers: `yvela marxuli ama qveynis TvalSi mdabali da dawunebulia; qarTuli enac daflulia

`sikudiliTa naTlisRebiTa misisaòTa" (da ara mtrebis mier), amitom moelis igi dResa mas meored mosvlisa (da ara erovnul aRzevebas, amqveynad kuTvnili prioritetis mopovebas)... meored mosvlas ki mianiSnebs aso `w", rogorc me-4 dReze, aRdgomis dReze mimTiTebeli (n.papuaSvili, 1983, gv.86)... ra Tqma unda, `qebaòs" avtori ar laparakobs qarTuli enis (eris) daCagrulobaze! Semkuli, kurTxeuli, mdabali da dawunebuli erTi semantikuri rigis sityvebia! vfiqrobT, `qebaòs" avtori acxadebs: qarTuli ena (modgma) mSvenieri da uflisgan dalocvili (Sdr.: kurTxeva - dalocva), mSvidi, araamayi (anu mdabali!) da marxulia (dawunebulia); igi sixaruliT moelis meored mosvlasa... `qebaòs" avtoris rwmeniT, qarTuli enis am gamorCeulobis niSania oTxmocdaToTxmeti: `da saswaulad ese aqus oTxmeoc da aToTxmeti weli umetYs sxuaTa enaTa qristYs mosvliTgan dResamomde" ra ricxvia 94? ras niSnavs `dResamomde"? dros sagaloblis daweramde Tu meored mosvlamde? es kiTxvebi CvenTvis upasuxod rCeba... samecniero literaturaSi 94 ramdenimenairad `gaiSifra": pavle ingoroyvas Tavdapirveli mosazrebiT, qarTuli welTa aRricxva 94 wliT win uswrebs berZnulisas; Semdeg gamocemebSi man cdomilebad CaTvala 94 da is

Secvala 104-iT. ak.baqraZem da r. patariZem gaiziares p.ingoroyvas Sesworeba. e.WeliZis adrindeli versiiT, qarTvelebi 94 wliT adre eziarnen qristianobas rev marTalis dros, xolo qristianobis legalizacia moxda 337 wels. g.narsiZe agrZelebs e.WeliZis pozicias mciredi dazustebiT: `94 weli aris welTaRricxvis metnakleboba" (g.narsiZe, 1984, gv.171). m.Caxavas xilviT, saqarTveloSi saswauli moxdeba im wels, romlis bolo ori ricxvia 94 (m.Caxava, 1984, gv.173). b.ColoyaSvilis varaudiT, 94 wels saxareba qarTulad iTargmna. zviad gamsaxurdias azriT ki, 94 aris apokalifsis Seqmnis weli (z.gamsaxurdia, 1990, gv.77)... Sdr.: lazare=iovane (e.m. broki), lazare=qarTuli ena. warmodgenil mosazrebebs damatebiTi argumentebi esaWiroeba... kvlevis am etapze Cven SedarebiT sarwmunod z.gamsaxurdias axsna gveCveneba. aqve aRvniSnavT, ufro logikuri Cans, `dResamomde" sityva `aqamde", ,,am dromde" formebis sinonimad miviCnioT. [11]

`da ese yoveli, romeli weril ars, mowamed warmogiTxar ese wili anbanisaò"

vfiqrobT, avtori kidev erTxel gveubneba, rom yovelive zemoTqmulis WeSmaritebas adasturebs qarTuli anbanis aso `w"; amiT is sagaloblis TemaTagan acalkevebs, gansakuTrebulad, xazgasmulad gviTiTebs isev 4 000-ze,

ricxvze, romelic, Cveni azriT, aris dro babilonis godolis periodidan sagaloblis daweris dromde. Sdr. sxva mosazrebebi: r.patariZe (1981, gv.162): `qebaòSi” `w"-s roliT naCvenebia, rom `qarTul asomTavrulSi" ganxorcielebulia mzis (da ara mTvaris!) uZravi kalendaruli sistema; es aris saidumlo, romelic damarxulia am leqsSi"... aqve aRvniSnavT, rom r.patariZe samarTlianad uWers mxars `asi"-s nacvlad `aso"-s aRdgenas... n.papuaSvili (1983, gv.86): `w" mianiSnebs me-4 dReze... * * * fvudfhfl7 `qebaòs" vskbfyb ntmcnb xdtyb rjvtynfht,bs itvltuyfbhfl ofbrbs[t,f5 ~ mfhsdtksf ~ lf mfhsdtksf tybcf ~ [1] mt,f mt,f~ mfhsdtksf~ tybcf~

[2] vtjhtl vjcdkbc lqtvlt mfhsekb tyf ityf[ekb bmyt,f ~bfhct,t,c+`7 dbyfblfy fv tybs eafkvf c[df tht,c ~tyt,c` eylf fvwyjc ztivfhbnt,f lf eylf ufyfotcjc ~fv[bkjc` bcbyb888

[#] tc tyf lqtvlt ~cfufkj,kbc lfothbc sfhbqfvlt ufmhbcnbfyt,fvlt02n8a8` fhbc v'byfht lf cf[fht,fcf ibyf fvfc tyfcf kfpfht /hmdbfy ~cf[fht,fib mfhsdtkj,bc cf[t-cbv,jkjf kfpfht`8

[$] mfhsdtkb vjluvf ~tyf` eakbc cbn.dbcfrty vjfmwbtc ovbylf ybyjv lf tktyt ltljakvfy9 tctyb fhbfy jhyb lfyb ~ilh87 3vjmwtdf ~ mfhskbcf ~ 45-sfyfcojhyb lfyb`7 3vjmwtdf~ mfhskbcf~ dbsfhwf vfhbfv lf vfhsf ~8 vfhsf~

[% ] kfpfhtcf lf mfhsekbc cbf[kjdt bvbnjv bsmdf7 hjv7 kfpfhtc vcufdcfl7 mfhsekib lfdfyt,ekbf lfakdbs yfskbcqt,bc7 fqlujvbcf lf ufyf[kt,bc ~ufw[flt,bc` cfblevkj8

[6] js[b lqbc 3vrdlfhb4 fye ityf[ekb bvbnjv fhbc mfhsekb tyf fye kfpfht7 hjv7 hjujhw lfdbs obyfcofhvtn.dtkb fv,j,c7 eakbcsdbc fsfcb otkb thsb lqtf7 fye kfpfhtc js[b lqt lf mfhsekbc $))) otkb thsb lf bubdtf+ ilh85 kfpfht vt-$ lqtc fqluf9 mfhsekb tyf 3vjbyfskf4 vfiby7 hjwf vt2$ fsfcoktekib itdblf vbcb fhct,j,f7 t8b8 vt-$ lqtc ~,f,bkjybc ujljkblfy mhbcntvlt [jv lff[kjt,bs cfvb fsfcb otkb ufdblf`888 Sdr.; lf,flt,f 2 vjyfsdkf 2 fqlujvf888

[7] mfhsekb cf[fht,f bo.t,f 3o4 fcjsb7 hjvtkbw $ )))-c fqybiyfdc lf cbv,jkehfl vbesbst,c $ ))) otkboflpt 2 mfhsekb tybc $ ))) okbc bcnjhbfpt lf vt-$ lqtc ~fye tyt,bc ufxtybc itvltu vt-$ fsfcoktekib` vjyfsdkfpt8

[8] js[b fsfcb otkb fye7 js[b lqt lf js[b lqbs ityf[ekfl fhct,j,f bubdtf7 hfw yfskj ,bc yfskj,bc vjkjlbyib .jayf7 ~ilh85 lfakdbs yfskbcqt,bc gthbjlb7 hjujhw kfpfhtcb7 fctdt7 mfhsdtkehb vjluvbcf`9 mfhsdtkehb vjluvbc 3ityf[ekj,f4 ufuh'tklt,f vtjhtl vjcdkfvlt7 h jltcfw 3mfhsekb hjltcfw tybc4 ztivfhbnb fqlujvf bmyt,f888 [9] mfhsekb tyf ~vjluvf` vidtybthb lf eakbcfufy lfkjwdbkb7 vidblb7 vlf,fkb lf vfh[ekbf ~3fvmdt.ybehb [jhwbtkb sdfkcfphbcbs lfoeyt,ekbf4`9 bub cb[fhekbs vjtkbc eakbc vtjhtl vjcdkfc888 [10] mfhsek tyfc sfdbcb ufvjhxtekj,bc ybiyfl fmdc hbw[db js[vjwlfsjs[vtnb7 hjvtkbw ufyfc[dfdt,c vfc c[df tyt,bcfufy9 tc ufycfresht,ekj,bc ybifyb fhct,j,c mhbcntc itvltu lqtdfyltk lqtvlt8

[11] .jdtkbdt ptvjsmvekbc ztivfhbnt,fc fvjovt,c7 flfcneht,c fcj 3o4 ~hjvtkbw $ )))-c ybiyfdc`888 *** sfdbcsfdfl w[flbf7 fhfdbc fh eylf /mjyltc ghtntypbf7 cf,jkjj ztivfhbnt,fl ufvjfw[fljc sfdbcb sdfksf[tldbs fqmvekb cbyfvldbkt7 vbsevtntc7 hjwf cfrbs[b t[t,f `qeba~s" nbgbc cfrhfkehb mvybkt,bc ntmcnjkjubeh-ctvfynbreh fyfkbpc888 obyfvlt,fht yfihjvib ofhvjdflubyts c[dflfc[df vjcfpht,t,b lf vrbs[dtkc ths-ths dfhbfynfl cfresfhb gjpbwbf itdsfdfpts8

888 bvtlb udfmdc7 `qebaòs" vjvfdfk vrdktdfht,c xdtyb yfqdfob wjnfsb vfbyw ufefldbkt,c cfufkj,kbc itvlujv itwyj,fofhvjlutyfc888 SeniSvna: ,,qeba~s" teqstologiursemantikuri analizis sakiTxebi wakiTxul i q n a cfmfhsdtkjc vtwybtht,fsf frfltvbbc mfhsekb kbnthfnehbc bycnbnenib fktmcfylht jh,tkbfybc [cjdybcflvb vb'qdybk cfvtwybthj rjyathtywbfpt !((( okbc fghbkib8

sfdb IV cfufkj,kbc lfothbc sfhbqb lf `qebaòs" fdnjhbc cfrbs[b

3itc[vf~ mfhsdtksf~ lf mfhsdtksf tybcf~c4 itmvybc sfhbqc fhwthsb c[df othbkj,bsb o.fhj fh fcf[tkt,c8 hxt,f jhb itcf'kt,kj,f5 f. `qeba~s" lfothbc lhjpt vbsbst,f dt't,js sfdfl cfufkj,tkib7 fy ,8 `qeba~s" itmvybc gthbjlpt dbvc]tkjs fv cfcekbthj [fcbfsbc mvybkt,bc ibyffhcbcf lf tyj,hbdb cnbkbc vb[tldbs8 fvsfdbsdt fqdybiyfds7 hjv `qebaòs" lfothbc sfhbqb lf `qebaòs" fdnjhbc cfrbs[b thslhjekfl ufyb[bkt,f9 ofhvjlutybk cfrbs[t,pt xdty wfk-wfkrt fh dbkfgfhfrt,s8 ufhrdtekb vjcfpht,t,bc cfae'dtkpt cfvtwybthj kbnthfnehfib `qebaòs" lfothbc c[dflfc[df sfhbqbf lfcf[tkt,ekb9 rth'jl5 mhbcntc itvltu vtjs[t cfereybc 'tukfl vbfxybfs5 fr8,fmhf'tc7

u8yfhcb'tc7 v8x[fhnbidbkc lf c[dt,c8 sfdlfgbhdtkfl fvfdt gjpbwbfc fdbsfht,lf t8ztkb'tw7 hjvtkcfw fdnjhfl htd vbhbfybc 't vbfxylf9 vjudbfyt,bs lfothbk ufvjrdktdfib ~b[87 [tkyfothb ihjvf` t8ztkb't sfdfldt efh.jac fv vjcfpht,fc lf dfhfelj,c7 hjv 3mt,f~ lf lblt,f~ mfhsekbcf tybcfò" lfothbkbf IX-X cfereytt,ib5 3ufhrdtekb ntmcnj,hbdibyffhcj,hbdb vjvtynt,bc cfae'dtkpt vtnfl cftzdjl udtxdtyt,f 3mt,f~c4 vbresdyt,f 6\-\ cfereytt,pt flhtekb gthbjlbcflvb4 - othc bc vt-!) udthlpt8 fyfybf ]fafhb'bc fphbs7 3mt,f~4 lfothbkb xfyc VI cfereytib7 dbyfblfy cojhtl fv gthbjlib cgfhctksfufy thslhjekfl bltdyt,jlyty mfhsekb lf ,th'yekb tyt,b9 cojhtl VI cfereybc @)-bfyb okt,blfy &)-bfy okt,fvlt mfhsekb lf ,th'yekb tyt,b sfyf,hfl itpqelek gbhj,t,ib bv.jat,jlyty7 hjujhw lt,b7 vjcb.dfhekt lt,b vfhbfv lf vfhsf7 kfpfhtc vbwdfkt,bcfc4 ~f8]fafhb't7 !((^7 ud8 #$#`8 rjhytkb rtrtkb'bc7 pdbfl ufvcf[ehlbfc lf c[dfsf fphbs7 3mt,f~4 bjdfyt-pjcbvtc jhbubyfkehb s[pekt,ff7 fvltyfl7 bub itmvybkbf X cfereytib8 gfdkt byujhj.dfv bvsfdbsdt ufvjhbw[f bjdfyt-pjcbvtc fdnjhj,bc itcf'kt,kj,f7 dbyfblfy7 vbcb fphbs7 fhct,ekb js[bdt [tkyfothb tresdybc bjdfyt-pjcbvtc lf bcbyb thsvfytssfy obyffqvltuj,fib fhbfy9 fdnjhb hjv pjcbvt .jabkb.j7 fvudfhb fe[cytkb kfacect,b [tkyfotht,ib fh bmyt,jlfj _ othc g8byujhj.df ]th rbltd !(@$ otkc ufrtst,ek 3obyfcofh itybidyt,ib4 ~g8byujhj.df7 !(@$7 ud8 @)(`8 !(#( otkc g8byujhj.dfv ufvjsmdf vjcfpht,f7 hjv cfufkj,tkb lfothbkb xfyc IX cfereybc lfcfo.bcib9 vjudbfyt,bs7 !(%$ otkc7 g8byujhj.df abmhj,lf7 hjv `qebaòs" fdnjhb itb'kt,jlf .jabkb.j ubjhub vthxekt7 X cfereybc vjqdfot7 vfuhfv !(&* otkc bc lfe,heylf 'dtk gjpbwbfc lf

`qebaòs" itmvybc sfhbqfl IX cfereyt fqbfhf9 g8byujhj.dfc fhuevtynfl vj/.fdc gjtvf 3f,erehf~c4 itmvybc sfhbqb ~vt( cfereybc gbhdtkb yf[tdfhb`9 vbcb fphbs7 cojhtl fv gjtvfc /mjybf lfhsekb 3mt,f~ lf lblt,f~ mfhsekbcf tybcf~4 ~g8byujhj.df7 !(&*7 ud8$)%`8 h8gfnfhb'tv sfdlfgbhdtkfl ufbpbfhf g8 byujhj.dfc ofhvjlutybkb dthcbf8 vfc lfvfnt,bsb fhuevtynt,bw vj/.fdc5 3vt-( cfereybc lfvltuc mfhsekb thjdyekb thsbfyj,bc bltfc mfhsekb mhbcnbfyj,f f[jhwbtkt,c8 cojhtl fvfdt [fyib vj[lf vbhjybc rehs[tdbc ufyotct,f mfhskib9 tc [fyf b.j mfhsekb tybcfsdbc7 cfmfhsdtkjcsdbc 3;fvsf cbfdbc4 [fyf7 fvudfhfl7 vlf,fk lf lfoeyt,ek mfhsek tyfc thjdyekb sdbsituyt,bc fqvfdkj,bc upfpt obyfcofhvtn.dtkehb cfblevkj vybidytkj,f vbfybztc4 ~h8gfnfhb't7 !(*!7 ud8!^)`8 fvfdt yfihjvib ofhvjlutybkbf vwltkj,f lfcf,esltc7 hjv mfhsekb ofhvfhsekb otksf fqhbw[df mfhsekb fy,fybc rfktylfhekb cbcntvbc cfae'dtkptf fut,ekb ~bmdt7 ud8 !^@`888 itybidyf5 !(*& otkc ufvjmdt.yt,ek yfihjvib h8gfnfhb't erdt fvnrbwt,c7 hjv 3mt,f ~4 itbmvyf 3mt,f~ f[fkb otksfqhbw[dbc #$@ otkc ~h8gfnfhb't7 !(*&7 ud8!%@`888 mhbcntc vb[tldbs otksf fqhbw[df bo.t,f VI cfereytib lbjybct vwbhbc vbth8 3mt,fòc4 ntmcnib fhct,ek ahfpfc 3mhbcntc vjcdkbsufy lqtcfvjvlt4 se otksf fqhbw[dfcsfy lfdfrfdibht,s7 cfufkj,kbc lfothbc lhjl ufvjbhbw[t,f VI cfereytpt flhtekb [fyf8 bjdfyt-pjcbvtc gbhdtkb [tkyfothb (^% okbs sfhbqlt,f7 fvudfhfl `qebaòs" lfothbc lhj VIX cfereytt,ib eylf dbdfhfeljs9 itvlujvvf fhuevtynt,vf eahj eylf lffdbohjdjc cfsej gthbjlb888 fmdt fqdybiyfds7 hjv cfmfhsdtkjib mjhjybrjyekb thf VIII-IX cfereytsf vb]yfpt itvjdblf888

dabmhj,s7 cflfdj fh eylf b.jc bc7 hjv 3mt,f~ mfhsdtksf~ lf mfhsdtksf tybcf~4 eylf itmvybkb.j mfhsekb thjdyekcf[tkvobajt,hbdb wyj,btht,bc fqvfdkj,bcfc9 3mt,fòib4 [fpufcvekbf mfhsekbc 3evtntcj,f4 c[df tyt,pt ovbylf ybyjcf lf tktyt ltljakbc sfyfcojhj,bc ajypt9 fm firfhfl vtjht[fhbc[jdyflff xfsdkbkb cjv[ehbc se c[df tyfsf itcf'kj ghtntypbt,b7 fvudfhfl7 xdtyb fphbs7 `qebaòs" lfothbc mdtlf sfhbqfl eylf lfdbuekdjs VII cfereyt_hjwf erdt lfvsfdht,ekb b.j cjv[eh trktcbfcsfy jabwbfkehb ufy.jaf8 hjujhw wyj,bkbf7 mfhsekvf trktcbfv cfvjwbmekj7 cfgfnhbfhmj trktcbfl ojlt,bc qbhct,f vbbqj VII cfereybc II yf[tdfhib ~f8]fafhb't7 !((^7 ud8 $)-$&`8 VII cfereybc vtjht yf[tdfhib mfhskbc thsbfyb cfvtaj cfv yfobkfl ufb.j5 ofhvjbmvyf fa[fptsb7 cfreshbd mfhskb lf rf[tsb9 fvfdt gthbjlibdt bikt,f thsbfyb mfhsekb trktcbf8 mfhsekb trktcbf IX cfereytib rdkfd thsbfylt,f8 chekbfl cfmfhsdtkjib fv lhjblfy [lt,f vbhjybc ufyotct,f vw[tsblfy9 ~ fqbhfw[t,bc7 fvfdt gthbjlib 3mfhskfl ahbflb met.fyf met.fyf~ cflfw mfhsekbsf tybsf ;fvb itbobhdbc lf kjwdf ~ kjwdf~ fqtchekt,bc4888 fvudfhfl7 xdty eahj kjubrehfl udtxdtyt,f7 hjv mfhsekb thjdyek-cf[tkvobajt,hbdb wyj,btht,bc [tkf[fkb fqjh'byt,bc lfcfo.bcfl xfdsdfkjs thsbfyb mfhsekb trktcbbc fqlutyf9 fvfdt gthbjlblfy fmnbehlt,f mfhsdtk vobuyj,fhsf wyj,bkb gjktvbrf ,th'yek trktcbfcsfy9 fvfdt gthbjlblfy bo.t,f thsbfyb mfhsekb cf[tkvobajc [tkf[fkb ajhvbht,f7 hjvtkvfw ptybnc vbfqobf lfdbs fqvfityt,kbc lf sfvfh vtabc gthbjlt,ib888 ptvjsmvekblfy ufvjvlbyfht7 3itc[vf~ mfhsdtksf~ lf mfhsdtksf tybcf~4 lfothbkb xfyc IX cfereytib9 fdnjhb ]th]thj,bs ewyj,bf888 itybidyf5 gbhdtk sfdib ofhvjlutybkvf

rdktdfv w[fl.j7 hjv 3mt,f ~ c4 vt-$ [tkyfothb 3mt,f~ bjdfyt-pjcbvtc fh tresdybc7 sevwf7 vskbfyb rht,ekb vbc vbthff frby'ekb lf elbltcb yfobkb uflfothbkbw888 [fpufcvbs fqdybiyfds7 hjv bjdfyt-pjcbvt fh wlbkj,c7 obyf cfvb [tkyfothbc vb[tldbs 3uffcojhjc4 fy uffcojht,byjc vt-$ [tkyfothb9 firfhff7 hjv pjcbvt bwyj,lf 3mt,f ~ c4 jh htlfmwbfc8 3mt,f~ mfhsdtkehb cekbthb cfey]bc egbhdtktcb vwdtkt,bc_vjyfcnthib vjqdfot ,tht,bc_vbth fhfthsb cfufy'ehb itudbyfhxeylf9 fv cfufy'ehsfufy ths-thsb ufvjhxtekb 2 mfhsdtksf cfufkj,tkb 2 itvjudtyf[f bjdfyt-pjcbvtc vbth7 hjvtkvfw ufyff[kf lf uffvhfdkf 3mt,f~c4 [tkyfotht,b8 bjdfytpjcbvt b.j fhf v[jkjl vhfdfkv[hbdb vobuyj,fhb ~p8renb,fidbkb7 !(*@7 ud8%(` lf ndbahekb ~zltehb` [tkjdyt,bc cfertstcj jcnfnb ~v8rfhfyf't7 !(*$7 ud8@%#`7 fhfvtl lblb gfnhbjnbw7 hfcfw w[fl.jac vbcb fylth'b8 fylth'ib vfy cfzbhjl xfsdfkf7 c[df mhbcnbfysfufy ufvjhxtdbs tkjwf mfhsdtksfsdbc5 3mhbcnt7 itbo.fkt vbmftk lf vbmftk7 uf,hbtk7 rrAA hbrt7 ubjhub7 bjdfyt-pjcbvt lf .jdtkyb 'vfyb lf .jdtkyb mhbcntfytyb lf eahj ~ c .jdtksfcf eahj~ .jdtkyb mfhsdtkyb84 mhbcntc itvltu 6 fsfcoktekbc lfcfchekbs 3mt,f~ mfhsdtksf~ lf mfhsdtksf tybcf~c4 lfsfhbqt,bc dfhfelc7 xdtyb fphbs7 fv.fht,c sfdfl 3mt,f~c4 ntmcnb9 rth'jl7 hjujhw ptvjs udmjylf vbsbst,ekb7 $ ))) 3vfhfub4 otkb eylf vbesbst,ltc lhjc mfhsdtkj,bc ufxtyblfy cfufkj,kbc lfothbc sfhbqfvlt8 fmdt fqdybiyfds7 hjv ,f,bkjybc ujljkblfy vt-$ fsfcoktekb fye vt-$ lqt fhbc fuhtsdt mfhsdtkj,bc yfskbcqt,bc fye 3lfakdbs vbhjyw[t,bc4 gthbjlb9 vt-$ 3lqt4 fhbc 3ufwjw[kt,bc4 lqt fye

yfskbcqt,bc fsfcoktekb8 dabmhj,s 3mt,f~c4 fdnjhb cfufkj,tkib kfgfhfrj,c lhjbc cfv vjyfrdtspt5 I _ mfhsdtksf itmvyf 2 ofhqdybc itvlujvb fye ,f,bkjybc ujljkbc gthbjlb9 II _ mfhsdtksf ufmhbcnbfyt,f - flfvblfy ~se ofhqdyblfy` vt-$ fsfcoktekb9 III _ vtjhtl vjcdkf 2 fv lhjc vj[lt,f mfhsekb tybc7 vjluvbc lblb uf,ho.byt,f8 xdtyb fphbs7 gbhdtk lf vtjht sfhbqpt byajhvfwbfc udf'ktdc itvltub nftgb5 3lf cf[fht,fcf ibyf mfhsekcf sfdcf [jkj vfs Ycf7 othbkb pbc7 hjvtk fcj ~ fhc lf vfsY fcj~ bn.AA c .jdkfl js[fsfccf vfhfucf lf tct fhc js[b bn. lq Y4 lqY mhbcnbfyekb otksfqhbw[dbc vb[tldbs7 lfcf,fvbsufy mhbcntvlt bdfhfelt,f % ^)$ otkb ~Sin-#*-ib vjwtvek mhjyjkjubfib bjdfyt-pjcbvt %%)) otkc fcf[tkt,c`8 ,b,kbbc vb[tldbs7 flfvblfy yjtvlt lf yjtlfy f,hffvfvlt gthbjlbc [fyuh'kbdj,f yfskflff ofhvjlutybkb9 rth'jl5 flfvb b.j @#) okbc7 hjwf bidf ctbsb9 fvbc itvltu flfvvf bwjw[kf &)) otkb9 ufhlfbwdfkf (#) okbcf9 ctbsbc idbkb tyjcb ufxylf vfiby7 hjwf ctbsb b.j @)% okbcf9 tyjcc rfbybyb itt'byf !() okbc fcfrib lf f8i8 fvudfhfl7 ,b,kbfib eiefkjl vjwtvekb lhj flfvblfy yjtc idbkt,fvlt vjbwfdc @!$@ otkc8 ofhqdyf vj[lf ctvbc7 mfvbc lf bfatnbc ufxtybc itvltu7 hjwf yjt b.j ^)) okbc t8b8 lff[kjt,bs @@$@ otkc flfvc fmts7 fye mhbcntvlt ##^@ okbc oby ~ilh87pjubthsb qdsbcvtn.dtkbc sfyf[vfl7 vcjakbj ofhqdyf vj[lf #@$^ otkc ~f8]fafhb't7 !(($7 ud8!%`9 flfvblfy yjtvlt gthbjlc @@$@ okbs ufycfpqdhfdc bjdfyt-pjcbvtw sfdbc yfihjvib 3wyj,f~

lfcf,fvbsufyb otkyb lf mhbcnt~s vjcdkbsufyb48 yjtc itvltu vt-% sfj,f b.j afktr5 3t,thbcf bidytc jhyb 'tyb5 cf[tkb thsbcf afktr7 hfvtse lqtsf vbcsf ufybyfobkf met.fyf4 ~itcfmvt \7 @%` t8b8 afktrbc lhjc b.j ,f,bkjybc ujljkb ,b,kbbc vb[tldbs9 otcbs7 cojhtl ,f,bkjybc ujljkbc gthbjlblfy eylf fbsdfkjc tht,bc ufxtyf ,b,kbbc vb[tldbs8 ,b,kbfib ofhvjlutybkb mhjyjkjubbc vb[tldbs7 yjtlfy f,hffvfvlt ufcekbf !@$( otkb9 [jkj yjtlfy afktrfvlt ufcekbf !))+!#%+!#)+!#)+!#%+!@)=&%) otkb9 bjdfyt-pjcbvt rb yjtlfy f,hffvfvlt fcf[tkt,c (%) otkc888 .jdtk itvs[dtdfib7 firfhff7 hjv ,f,bkjybc ujljkb fye tht,bcf lf tyt,bc ufxtyf7 ,b,kbbc vb[tldbs7 eylf lfdeidfs mhbcntvlt vt-# fsfcoktekib ~ilh87 df[einb 'dtk mfhsek cfbcnjhbj o.fhjpt lf.hlyj,bs abmhj,c7 hjv yjtc idbksf ufy.jaf eylf vjv[lfhb.j 3lfcf,fvblfy xqyY ~!&%*` otkc7 fye mhbcntvlt #*$^ otkc`888 f[kf sdfkb bctd ufdfltdyjs 3mt,fòc4 ntmcnc5 mhbcnbfyj,fvlt mfhsekb tyf 3lfvfh[ekfl4 fhct,j,lf lf7 dbsfhwf kfpfht7 vt-$ lqtc ~resp. mfhsdtksf ufxtyblfy vt-$ fsfcoktekib+` 3ufwjw[klf4 fye 3lfakdbs4 vjbyfskf9 vtcbbc tyfl rb mfhsekb vjudtdkbyt,f vtjhtl vjcdkbc ;fvc888 .jdtkb fvudfhb fyufhbib se dfhfelb7 sfdbcsfdfl w[flbf7 cfsejf9 dabmhj,s7 rdktdbc fv tnfgpt cfrfvfsj fh eylf b.jc bc7 hjv $))) otkb dth bmyt,f lhj 3mt,fòc4 itmvyblfy mhbcntc vtjhtl vjcdkfvlt7 dbyfblfy mhbcnbfyj,f vrht[tkj,fl sdkbc vtjhtl vjcdkbc sfhbqbc lfrjyrhtnt,fc9 fctdt7 vbudfxybf7 hjv 3mt,fòc4 vjhoveyt vfhskvflblt,tkb fdnjhb lf fuhtsdt vbcb 3htlfmnjhb74 vfhskvflblt,kehb cftrktcbj rfktylhbc itvlutyb bjdfyt-pjcbvt7 3cfufkj,tkib4 fh lfeidt,lyty bcts otksf fqhbw[dfc7 hjvtkbw

ufcwbklt,jlf ,b,kbeh mhjyjkjubfc7 rth'jl7 mhbcnbfyb fdnjhb se htlfmnjhb mfhsdtksf fhct,j,fc fh lffabmcbht,lf yjtvlt fhct,ek fye mhbcntvlt vt-# fsfcoktekbc eobyltk gthbjlib8 3mt,fòc4 fdnjhbc lhjbc fqhbw[df esejl ,b,kbbc vb[tldbs [lt,f9 seylfw7 xdty lfdtv.fhjs ufvjfyufhbit,bc bjdfyt-pjcbvtc dfhbfync9 fv mhjyjkjubbs rb ~cfthsjl7 ,b,kbbc vb[tldbs` ,f,bkjybc ujljkbc fv,t,b b.j vt-# fsfcoktekbc lfcfo.bcib5 fvudfhfl7 ,b,kbbc vb[tldbs tht,bc ufxtybc vb]yfl vt-# fsfcoktekb eylf vbdbxybjs9 vt-# fsfcoktekbc xfsdkbs xdtyb otksfqhbw[dbc IX-X cfereytt,fvlt rb cojhtl $ ))) otkbf ufcekb5 vfufkbsfl7 vbd.dts bjdfyt-pjcbvtc mhjyjkjubfc5 flfvblfy mhbcntc fvfqkt,fvlt5 zakl ~%%#$`9 vtjhtufy eothbf5 dblht mhbcntc vjcdkfvlt5 zakl ~%%!^`9 flfvblfy yjtvlt5 @@$@9 yjtlfymhbcntvlt5 #@%*9 ufvjlbc7 hjv se rfwj,hbj,bc f[fkb thbc lfcfo.bcfl yjtc xfdsdkbs7 3mt,fò4 lfothbkf $ )))#@%*=&$@ otkc t8b8 lff[kjt,bs7 xdtyb otksfqhbw[dbc VIII cfereybc ief okt,ib888 ,eyt,hbdbf7 fvudfh ufvjfyufhbit,fc etzdtkb cbpecnbc ghtntypbf fhf fmdc ~fvbnjvfw vjud.fdc ufvjfyufhbit,bc hfvltybvt dfhbfynb`+88 fmdt xylt,f rbs[df5 mfhsdtksf ofhvjvfdkj,f eiefkjl ,f,bkjybc ujljkblfy eylf fdbsdfkjs7 yjtc idbkbc_bfatnbc lf,flt,blfy se yjtlfy0 sfdfl bjfyt-pjcbvt okt,c fyufhbij,c flfvblfy-ofhqdyfvlt7 itvltu rb yjtlfy-f,hffvfvlt888 t8b8f[fk thfc yjtsb bo.t,c888 otksf fqhbw[bc ghj,ktvt,bc7 3mt,fòc” fdnjhbcsdbc cf.hltyb mhjyjkjubehb cbcntvbc7 3mt,fòc” ntmcnbc 3($4bc7 bjdfyt-pjcbvtctekb mhjyjkjubt,bc cfrbs[sf itvlujvvf rdktdfv eahj vtnb cbyfskt eylf itbnfyjc 3mt,fòc” ntmcnbc cbv,jkjsf ufyvfhnt,f-itcofdkbcf lf lfsfhbqt,bc cfmvtib9 ofhvjlutybk sfdib xdty dwlbkj,lbs udtvnrbwt,byf7 hjv

$ ))) otkb7 thsb v[hbd7 vbesbst,c mfhsdtkehb vjluvbc fhct,j,fpt ofhqdyblfy cfufkj,kbc lfothbc sfhbqfvlt7 vtjht v[hbd rb $ ))) okbc vt-$ fsfcoktekb fhbc 3kfpfhtc4 ufwjw[kt,bc vt-$ lqt fye mfhsdtkb thbc7 tybc vjyfsdkbc gthbjlb5 mfhsdtkj,bc vjyfsdkf vj[lf fhct,j,bc vt-$ fsfcoktekib ~ilh87 3ityf[ekfl4 .jaybc itvltu kfpfht eafkvf uffwjw[kf vt-$ lqtc+`888 itybidyf5 xdty fctdt fh ufvjdhbw[fds7 hjv $ ))) otkb b.jc lhj yjtlfy cfmfhsdtkjc ufmhbcnbfyt,fvlt fy yjtlfy mfhsekb trktcbbc fdnjrtafkbfvlt 2 mfhsekb tybc cfvjwbmekj trktcbbc tyfl fqbfht,fvlt888 rdktdbc fv tnfgpt xdty cfrfvfsjl fh udtxdtyt,f v[jkjl bc7 hjv $))) fhbc cfmfhsdtkjc ofhcekb ,b,kbehb mhjyjkjubbc afhukt,ib888 ofhvjlutybkb sfdbc lfcfchekc jhbjlt cbn.df eylf dsmdfs nthvby 3vx[htrfkbc4 itcf[t,5 v8cehuekf'bc fphbs7 bjdfyt-pjcbvt 3vx[htrfkib4 uekbc[vj,c fmnbeh htlfmnjhj,fc7 xfvfnt,f-ufvjrkt,fc7 ufo.dtnfc ~v8cehuekf't7 !(&*7 ud8()`8 bjdfyt-pjcbvt fh b.j v[jkjl uflfvoth-rfkbuhfab9 bub mvyblf jhbubyfkeh cfvtwybthj yfihjvt,c7 rfktylht,c lf f8i8 ufhlf fvbcf7 [tkyfothbc js[ uflfvothsfufy v[jkjl bjdfyt-pjcbvt othc fylth'c ~v8cehuekf't7 !(&*7 ud8(#`8 fmdt lfd'tys7 hjv 3x[htrf4 mfhsek tyfib7 vbc lbfktmnt,ib 3lf't,yfcfw4 ybiyfdc ~ilh8 fzfhekb5 3.dtkfathb uflfdx[hbrt7 vfhf dth dbgjdt4`9 cfhoveyjf7 hjv nthvbyb 3vx[htrfkb4 uekbc[vj,c fmnbeh

vtwybthc7 vrdktdfhc7 hjvtkbw sfdbcb it[tlekt,bc7 sdfksf[tldbcf lf ufyfskt,bc vb[tldbs flutyc cftrktcbj rht,ekt,c8 dabmhj,s7 yfstkbf5 3mt,fòc” lfsfhbqt,bcfc fewbkt,kfl eylf ufdbsdfkbobyjs7 fuhtsdt7 sfdfl bjdfyt-pjcbvtc mhjyjkjubehb vjyfwtvt,b se vbcb c[df 'bt,fyb888

sfdb | 3.jdtksf mfhsdtksf4 lfcf,fvb 3mt,f ò c4 3mt,fò vb[tldbs lf bcnjhbekb gfhfktkt,b 3'dtkb fqsmvbc4 vb[tldbs7 sfdlfgbhdtkb rfwj,hbj,f thstyjdfyb fye thsthjdfyb b.j9 fvudfh cfpjufljt,fib fqptdlf eqdsj,f lf wjldbfyj,f9 eafkvf ofhqdybs ufyovbylf ltlfvbof ertsehb flfvbfyt,bcfufy7 flfvbc utyb rb uflffhxbyf yjtc j]f[bc ufvjhxtdbs8 yjtc rblj,yblfy uflvjcekb wjw[fkb cfv.fhj bctd ufvhfdklf lf thstyjdfyb flfvbfyt,b bctd xfdfhlyty lbl wjldfib, fv]thfl7 fvgfhnfdyj,f2vrht[tkj,fib9 eafkc fqfh cehlf flfvbfyt,bc 3fqudf gbhbcfufy vbobcf47 fvbnjv cfvt,bc sfs,bhbc itvltu vfy 3,f,bkjybc4 vityt,tks 3tyt,b fehbf49 thstyjdfyb rfwj,hbj,f vhfdfktyjdfy cfpjufljt,fl lff[fhbc[f888 afmnj,hbdfl7 tc b.j rfwj,hbj,bc vtjht itcfmvt7 rfwj,hbj,bc f[fkb7 tyj,hbdfl vhfdfkathjdfyb vjltkbc itmvyf8 vhfdfktyjdfy cfpjufljt,fib vrht[tkj,f dtqfh ufthsbfylt,f lbl7 lfvfyuhtdtk 'fkfl tyfsf ,eyt,hbdb ,fhbthbc ufvj7 fvltyfl7 rfwj,hbj,bc f[fkb vjltkb sdbsityfhxeyt,bc eyfhbs fhbc fqzehdbkb888 bv;fvfl 3tyfsf fqhtdbs4 eafkvf flfvbfyt,b sdbsofho.vtlbcfufy b[cyf9 fvudfhfl7 3,f,bkjybc ujljkbc4 vjdktyf fhbc fhf flfvbfysf lfc]f7 fhfvtl7 vfsb [cyf888

rfwj,hbj,bc f[fkb thbc lfvo.t,b gbhjdyt,bc _ yjtc eiefkj vtvrdblhtj,f .dtkf thbcsdbc cffvf.jf7 dbyfblfy fvudfhb ofhvjvfdkj,bs [fpb tcvt,f thbc 'bh'dtkj,fcf lf ,b,kbehj,fc8 xdtyc vtvfnbfyts chekbfl b,thsf fye chekbfl mfhsdtksf vfvfvsfdfhb - sfhufvjcb - yjtc idbkbc7 bfatnbc xfvjvfdkfl vbfxylfs8 dabmhj,s7 cojhtl ,b,kbehb atcdt,bc vjv[b,kdtkj,fv 3uffeathekf4 ghjvtst-fvbhfybcf lf fbtnbc cf[tkt,b mfhsek bcnjhbek vobuyj,hj,fib8 3mt,fò c” fdnjhb nhflbwbekb mfhsekb vfhskvflblt,kj,bs fq,tzlbk cfbcnjhbj s[hj,fc vb/.dt,f lf $))) okbc bcnjhbfpt vbsbst,bs7 xdtyb fphbs7 [fpc ecdfvc yjtcfufy mfhsdtksf eiefkj ofhvjvfdkj,fc888 sfdbcsfdfl w[flbf7 3mt,fòc” lfothbc lhjc fh fhct,j,lf fhw vfqfkufydbsfht,ekb itlfht,bsb tyfsvtwybtht,f lf fhw fhmtjkjubf7 fyshjgjkjubf se tsyjkjubf9 vtvfnbfytyb lf cfcekbthj vjqdfotyb ufhrdtek bcnjhbek o.fhjt,c se uflvjwtvt,c t.hlyj,jlyty9 sfyfvtlhjdt vrbs[dtksfsdbc esejl cfbynthtcj bmyt,f 3mt,fòc” ntmcnib vjfpht,ekb $ ))) okjdfyb ofhcekbc itgbhbcgbht,f kbyudbcneh7 fhmtjkjubeh-tsyjkjubeh-bcnjhbek vjyfwtvsf vb[tldbs 3fqlutybk4 cfmfhsdtkjc bcnjhbfcsfy5 vnrdfh-fhfmcbc reknehf sfdlfgbhdtkb rfdrfcbtkb [fk[bc jlbyltkb thsbfyb reknehff9 bub rfdrfcbbc afhukt,c ufhtsfw b.j ufyatybkb8 666 fsfcoktekib vnrdfh-fhfmcbc reknehbc jhb yfrflb xfyc8 iblf mfhskib xfvj.fkb,t,ekb reknehf dhwtklt,f bjh-fkfpybc fepib7 shbfktsib7 vtc[ts-]fdf[tscf lf lfcfdkts cfmfhsdtkjib ~cfvnhtlbbc hfbjyfvlt`9 fhfhfnbc dtkpt xfvj.fkb,t,ekb yfbhcf[tj,f rb afhsjl ufdhwtklf cfv[htsbs8 66 fsfcoktekbc lfcfo.bcblfy fvbthrfdrfcbbc cfv[hts yfobkib brdtst,f shbfktsbc reknehf7 hjvtkbw cgtwbfkbcnsf

lfcrdybs7 afmnj,hbdfl7 vnrdfh-fhfmcbc reknehbc vtvrdblhtf7 vfuhfv lfrh'fkdbc otcbs7 bltjkjubehb vjyfwtvt,bs lf [tkjcyehb yfofhvbc sfdbct,ehb ajhvt,bs lfvjerblt,tk [fcbfsc fnfht,c888 cfdfhfeljf7 hjv shbfktsbc reknehbc itvmvytksf cf[bs xdty udfmdc cfreshbd rfdrfcbtk [fk[sf lf cfv[htsblfy vjcekb .jhqfyekb reknehbc vmjyt byljtdhjgekb njvt,bc itho.vf-ithtdbs vbqt,ekb rjyukjvthfnb9 cfabmht,tkbf7 hjv fv reknehbc ufyinjt,bc cfae'dtkpt xfvj.fkb,lf udbfyltkb ehfhne~hjvkbc yfyuhtdt,pt7 vjudbfyt,bs7 mhbcntvlt |6 cfereytib7 cf[klt,f byljtdhjgekb njvt,bc f[fkb nfkqf - lqtdfyltk cjvt[sf obyfght,b`8888 ofhvjlutybk vjcfpht,fc fv.fht,c thsb kbyudbcnehb afmnb5 hjujhw otcb7 byljtdhjgek tyt,c fhf fmds f,hegnbdt,b7 fye .tk[iekb sfy[vjdyt,b9 xdtysdbc wyj,bkb cjv[ehb tyf byljtdhjgekb tyff7 vfuhfv7 ufyc[dfdt,bs c[df byljtdhjgek tyfsfufy7 cjv[ehbcf lf jcehbc ajytvfnehb cnhemnehf f,hegnbdsf vstk rkfcc itbwfdc8 tc afmnb fb[cyt,f v[jkjl lf v[jkjl bvbc lfidt,bs7 hjv cjv[ehb lf jcehb yfhtdb nbgbc tyt,bf9 bcbyb xfvj.fkb,t,ekbf b,thbekrfdrfcbehb tybcf lf byljtdhjgekb tybc itho.vbs ~ilh85 s8ufv.htkb't7 u8bdfyjdb9 ilh87 fuhtsdt7 ,8nt[jdbc vjcfpht,f jcsf yfhtdj,bc itcf[t,7 hjvtkbw fhmtjkjubehb vjyfwtvt,bc vb[tldbsff yfdfhfeltdb`8 'dtkb otksfqhbw[dbc 666 fsfcoktekbc 66 yf[tdfhib .jhqfyekb reknehbc itvmvytkb njvt,b xhlbkjtsblfyfw uflvjlbfy ~j8]fafhb't7 !((*`8 bcbyb fvfhw[t,ty vnrdfh-fhfmcbc reknehbc itvmvytk mfhsdtkeh vjluvfc sfyfvtlhjdt fqvjcfdkts cfmfhsdtkjc nthbnjhbfpt9 mfhsdtkeh vjluvfsf cf.hlty geymnt,fl hxt,f vnrdhbc ptvjotkbc7 zjhj[bc7 hbjybc7 w[tybco.kbc7 rjljhbc fept,b lf c[df vbvlt,fht

nthbnjhbf8 66 fsfcoktekbc 66 yf[tdhblfy bcnjhbek rjk[tsib ~dfhfelj,ty7 hjv wtynhbs zjhj[bc fepib` cfae'dtkb t.ht,f mfhsdtkehb vjluvbc reknehbc [tkf[fk fqjh'byt,fc8 cfthsjmfhsdtkehb tybc vmjyt [fk[b7 hjvtkbw w[jdhj,lf zjhj[bc7 vnrdhbc7 hbjybc7 w[tybco.kbc7 rjljhbc7 rbkfcehbc lf tyuehbc [tj,t,ib7 mvybc reknehfc7 hjvtkbw lqtc rjk[ehb reknehbc cf[tkbsff wyj,bkb8 mhbcntvlt |666 cfereytib fv reknehbc itvmvytks fvfhw[t,ty rbvthbtkt,b9 thscfereyjdfyb rfnfrkbpvt,bc itvltu mfhsdtkeh-rjk[ehb reknehf bctd at[pt lufc7 bctd .dfdbc7 jqjyl erdt wtynhbs hbjybc [tj,fib888 fvfdt lhjblfy ~6 fsfcoktekbc 6 yf[tdfhb` cfthsjmfhsdtkehb fye rjk[ehb reknehf afhsjl dhwtklt,f xhlbkj rfdrfcbfibw9 fqcfybiyfdbf7 hjv fvfdt gthbjlib7 mhbcntvlt |66 cfereybc itvltu7 fqvjcfdkts fvbthrfdrfcbfib wtynhfkeh fvbthrfdrfcbehb wekbc yfwdkfl afhsjl ufdhwtklf rjk[ehb wekbc ajhvbc vcufdcb hrbybc wekb ~r8abw[tkfehb`888 fhmtjkjubehb vfcfkf w[fl.jac7 hjv mhbcntvlt 6| cfereyblfy lfvwhj,fc bo.t,c rjk[ehb ~mfhsdtkehb` wbdbkbpfwbf888 itvltu erdt fcgfhtppt xylt,bfy afhyfdfpb lf me]b7 hjvkt,bw7 xdtyb fphbs7 ]th rbltd cfthsjmfhsdtkeh tyfpt kfgfhfrj,lyty lf flhtekb mfhsdtkeh-rjk[ehb reknehbc vtvrdblhtt,fl sdkblyty sfdc ~c[df itvs[dtdfib fct evnrbdytekjl dth vj[lt,jlf vfsb ufthsbfyt,f9 ilh85 xdtyc otksfqhbw[dfvlt vt-* cfereytib ehfhnec fuhtcbbc itvltu rjk[fv lbfj[b cf,jkjjl uffyfluehf+`888 3.jdtksf mfhsdtksf4 ufcfthsbfyt,kfl lf ufcf[fht,kfl7 me]bv vw[tsjcbcf lf eakjcbc yfstcfdc - afhyfdfpc - lfesvj chekbfl mfhskbc udbhudbyb7 sfdfl rb tuhbc-cdfytsbc

thbcsfdj,fc lf/.f,eklf ~ilh85 dta[bcn.fjcybc afhcflfyb lf cfhblfyb9 fv gfhfktkc .ehflqt,f gbhdtkfl vbfmwbf ,-yvf htdfp ithjpbfv`8 666 cfereytibdt cfehvfuvf xhlbkj rfdrfcbblfy xfvjfcf[kf 3.jdtksf rfdrfcbbc yfstcfdsf yf[tdfhb lbljtsblfy dblht tuhbcfvlt ~fye cdfytsfvlt`4888 'dtkb otksfqhbw[dbc 66 cfereytib chekbfl mfhskb fye ew[jehb o.fhjt,bs _ b,thbf lfvfhw[lf cjv[t,sfy ,h'jkfib888 6-66 cfereytt,ib mfhsdtksf cf[tkvobaj bctd fqjh'bylf7 vfuhfv v[jkjl fqvjcfdkts cfmfhsdtkjc nthbnjhbfpt9 ew[jeh o.fhjt,ib tc lfgfnfhfdt,ekb mfhskbc cf[tkvobajw b,thbfl fhbc wyj,bkb ~ilh87 mfhskjcbc mfhskb5 3[eyfyblfy dblht cgthbc pqeltvlt4`8 lfcfdkts cfmfhsdtkj hjvbc bvgthbfib lfhxf7 hjvtkbw lhjlflhj tuhbcbcf se kfpbrbc fdnjyjvbehb ofhvjyfmvybc cf[tkbs fhct,j,lf888 dabmhj,s7 cojhtl 'dtkb otksfqhbw[dbc 66 cfereyblfy bo.t,f cfthsjmfhsdtkehb ae'ttyblfy ibibyf f tybc ufvj.jaf7 hjvkbcufyfw vjvltdyj fsfcoktekib xfvjbyfrdst,f pfyehb lf cdfyehb tyt,b9 xdtyb fphbs7 cdfyehbc ofhvjmvyfib ufhrdtekb hjkb eylf ittchekt,byf cfehvfubc vbth xfvjcf[kt,ek rfdrfcbtksf tyt,c7 hjvkt,bw lfv[dlehb mfhsdtkehb tybc vbth fcbvbkbhlf7 vfuhfv rdfkb lfnjdf tyj,hbdb cegthcnhfnt,bc cf[bs8 cojhtl xhlbkjrfdrfcbehb tyt,bc ufdktybs eylf fb[cyfc gfkfnfkbpt,ekb [vjdyt,bc fhct,j,f7 thsb v[hbd cdfyehib7 vtjht v[hbd rb7 mfhsekb tybc vsbc rbkjt,ib ~vj[tehb7 vsbekehb`888 cegthcnhfnekb lfyfihtdb eylf b.jc7 fuhtsdt7 rfdrfcbeh tyfsf ktmcbrehb vfcfkf cfmfhsdtkjc vsbfytsbc cojhtl bv

pjkib7 hjvtkcfw ktjynb vhjdtkb vjb[ctybt,c7 hjujhw nthbnjhbf 3lbljtsblfy dblht tuhbcfvlt48 bcnjhbekb rjk[tsbc lfcfdkts yfobkib ~lfcfdkts cfmfhsdtkjib` hjvftksf ,fnjyj,f 6| cfereytvlt ufuh'tklf9 fv gthbjlbc lfcfdkts cfmfhsdtkj mfhsek cfbcnjhbj o.fhjt,ib tuhbcfl b[ctybt,f8 ghjrjgb rtcfhbtkbc fphbs7 |6 cfereytib hbjybc mdtvj otkb7 dblht zjhj[bc itcfhsfdfvlt lfecf[kt,tkb b.j ~ilh87 u8uhbujkbf7 !(($ ud8&&`9 itvltu cojhtl fv nthbnjhbfpt 'kbthlt,f tdhjgek o.fhjt,ib kfpbrfl ojlt,ekb cfvtaj7 hjvkbc lblb yfobkb |666 cfereyblfy uehbfl b[ctybt,f888 fmdt cfbynthtcjl udtxdtyt,f rjvgjpbnbc 3cefy-vtuhuehbtkybc4 fhcb7 hjvtkbw mfhsdtkb ;fvsf fqvothtkbc vbth afmnj,hbdfl thsbfy stvjybvflff uffpht,ekb8 3bcnjhbfyb lf fpvfyb4 udfvwyj,c5 oby vjtut,ytc5 888/thyb lf rf[yb7 itvltu mfhsdtkyb7 itvltu vtc[yb lf sjhtkyb7 itvlujvfl ifdi-rkfh]-nfjtkyb7 itvlujvfl fa[fpyb lf cefy-vtuhtk-uehekyb sfyf hfzf-sfrethvfhuetkbsehs888 ~m8w8 667 ud8^%`8 fmdt7 .ehflqt,fc vbdfmwtds ,th'yek-,bpfynbeh o.fhjt,ib lflfcneht,ek nthvbyc 3cefyj-rjk[t,b45 gnjktvfbjcsfy ~66 c8` lflfcneht,ekb cf[tkojlt,f 3cefyj-rjk[t,b4 .jdtksf mfhsdtksf thsj,bc fqvybidytkfl udtcf[t,f888 ~ilh85 ktjynb vhjdtkbcfsdbc tuhbcb lf cefytsb cbyjybvt,bf`8 eylf dbdfhfeljs7 hjv | cfereytib pfyeh-cdfyehcf lf mfhsekc ijhbc erdt xfvj.fkb,t,ekbf xdtysdbc wyj,bkb ,uthfsitcfn.dbcj,fyb7 vfuhfv .dtkf mfhsekb cfvtajc cf[tkvobaj lf cftrktcbj tyf vfbyw cfkbnthfnehj mfhsekbf9 cojhtl mfhsekb cfkbnthfnehj tyf fhbc

.jdtksf mfhsdtksf ufvfthsbfyt,tkb888 ,fuhfnbc7 lfdbsbcf lf sfvfhbc ufthsbfyt,ek cfmfhsdtkjib cfkbnthfnehj mfhsekb tybc gjpbwbt,b bcts cbv.fhtc fqotdc7 hjv cfmfhsdtkjc c[dflfc[df res[bc vw[jdht,sf cfibyfj cfvtn.dtkj rjlt,b df[einb ,fnjybidbkbc lhjcfw rb vlf,bjsf vtn.dtkt,fl ufbfpht,f9 df[einb ,fnjybidbkbctekb ajhvekbht,bc gthbahfpbs dbn.dbs5 xdty lqtdfyltkb sfyfvtlhjdt mfhsekb cfkbnthfnehj tybc ajypt fzfhekb7 uehekb7 bvthekb7 vtuhekb7 cdfyehb7 aifehb7 mfhskehb se c[df cfvtn.dtkj rjlt,b cjakbc vw[jdht,sf cfvtn.dtkj 3tyff48 sfyfvtlhjdt nthvbyjkjubs7 cfrbs[b fct ajhvekbhlt,f5 vtuhekb7 cdfyehb7 bvthekb7 rf[ehb7 fzfhekb lf f8i8 mfhsekb cfkbnthfnehj tybc cjwbjkbyudbcnehb lbfktmnt,bf888 fv sdfkcfphbcbs7 esejl cfbynthtcjf thsb vtuhekb ktmcb7 hjvtkbw njuj uelfdfc vbth !(&% otkc ufvjwtvek vtuhek ntmcnt,ibf ~1 @$(`5 'qf,b ]ubhb djhtm7 vfhf ,pbsb vesf vfgfkee7 vfhufkbib Geyf vjrbhlH7

ujuj rfhub dfh7vfuhfv vpbstdb fh ufvfxybf7 ukt[bc~3vtuhtkbc4`uf.jkf vbyljlf7

;byjcmefm vblvjcfhufkee7 xfb lj mj,fbi~b` yfhlb djhlb7 hubkb zrbl~b` dfvfgfkee8

fpyfehvf ofvfshbf7 xfbsf lf gehbs db.fdb ufphlbkb7 wbdb vzflb fh ufvfxybf8

vtuhekb rbkjc ths-thsb gbhdtkb vrdktdfhbc _ bjct, .baib'bc ufyvfhnt,bs7 \\ cfereybc lfcfo.bcibw rb 3vtuhtk4

ajhvbc pfyehb dfhbfynb 3vfhufkb4 vtuhekibdt egbhfntcfl 3ukt[c47 3.fpf[c4 fqybiyfdlf ~ilh87 3vtuhtkb4 stvjybvbf+`8 vj.dfybk ktmcib vfhufk ae'bc vtuhtkfl sfhuvyf itwljvff+ ;byjcmefw [jv vtuhtkbf0 ilh85 ;byj ybiyfdc =;byjcmef ptlfc7 [jkj cmef _ idbkc7 jgjpbwbf5 vfhufkb vfhufkb= ~ukt[b=fpyfehb` w[fl.jac7 hjv 3vfhufkb4 fhbc bc7 dbyw kfgfhfrj,c cjakehfl9 [jkj 3;byjcmef4 fhbc atyf7 hjvtkbw kfgfhfrj,c sfdbc cfkbnthfnehj tyfpt888 ilh87 lqtc dfv,j,s5 mfhsdtkb byntkbutynb lf fhf7 vfu87 3uehekb byntkbutynb47 rf[tkb byntkbutynb888 byntkbutynbc wyt,f pjuflfl mfhsdtkc vjbfpht,c7 [jkj7 vfu87 aifdtkb7 rf[tkb888 rb cfmfhsdtkjc fvf se bv res[bc vw[jdht,c - cjaktkc8 !(!& o8 jmnjv,hbc uflfnhbfkt,bc itvltu cfvtuhtkjibw vjbcgj 3;byjcmefc4 atyf9 hjujhw xfyc7 fvfy [tkb iteo.j cjwbfkehb atybc fqvybidytkb nthvbybc 2 vfhufkbc 2 uflfmwtdfc ]th ofhvjvfdkj,bc cf[tkfl7 itvltu rb stvjybvfl ~ilh85 mfhsekb ajhvf 3vtuhtkb4 stvjybvbf5 stvbc7 cfmfhsdtkjc thsb res[bc vjcf[ktj,bc cf[tkbf`+ itybidyf5 ofhvjvfdkj,bc cf[tkb cfpjuflj fhct,bsb cf[tkbf7 stvjybvb lf tsyjybvb cfresfhb cf[tkt,bf9 tc erfyfcrytkyb7 gbhdtkbcfufy ufyc[dfdt,bs7 mjhjybvbc ~fy res[bc fqvybidytkb cf[tkbc` ae'tl itb'kt,f vjudtdkbyjc5 ilh85 fzfhf7 fzfhtkb7 vfuhfv byubkj-cfbyubkj+ lblb cfmfhsdtkjc lfikbc itvltu7 vjyqjkj,bc gthbjlib7 cfvjmfkfmjc7 uehbbcf lf mj,ekts-[tkdfxfehbc nthbnjhbfpt byntycbehfl [lt,f fqvjcfdkts b,tht,bc uflvjcdkf8 lfcfdkts cfmfhsdtkjc wtynhfkeh htubjyib cojhtl fv lhjblfy

bo.t,f erdt pfyehtyjdfyb lfcfdkts cfmfhsdtkjc lf,fkb atyt,bc mfhsbpfwbfw9 itltufl xhlbkjts kfpbrfc7 itvltu fa[fptsbc ~fye tuhbcbc` nthbnjhbfpt hxt,bfy pfyehtyjdfyb b,tht,b9 uehbf - mdtvj fzfhf - mdtvj bvthtsbc cfv[htsbs lfhxtybkb kfpbrf rb cfthsjl o.lt,f mfhsdtkeh cfv.fhjc lf c[df reknehek dtkib fuh'tkt,c fhct,j,fc8 cfmfhsdtkjc nthbnjhbfpt cfreshbd fa[fpehtyjdfyb vjcf[ktj,f xylt,f \|6 cfereyblfy ~s8udfywtkf't7 !(((`8 xdtyc vjcfpht,t,c fv.fht,c hfvltybvt ufhtvjt,f5 !8 mfhsdtkehb vjluvbc bcnjhbfc mfhsdtkb vtvfnbfytyb rjk[tsbs fh bo.t,ty8 tc v[jkjl bvbs itb'kt,f fb[cyfc7 hjv xdtyb ;fvsffqvothkt,bcfsdbc mjhjybvb mfhskb chekbfl cfmfhsdtkjc fqybiyfdlf8 fctdt7 xdtyc otksfqhbw[dfvlt c[dflfc[df njvt,fl fh eylf vjbfpht,jlyty veimt,b7 rjk[t,b lf b,tht,b8 tc tsyjybvt,b .jdtksf mfhsdtksf fqvybidytkb b.j c[dflfc[df lhjib lf c[dflfc[df tyfib9 fv sdfkcfphbcbs7 cfbynthtcjf bc7 hjv xhlbkjrfdrfcbtkt,b ~[ey't,b` mfhsdtkt,c vjcj[-t,-c t'f[bfy5 ilh87 fuhtsdt7 ojdf-seit,c ktrt,b rb vjcjm-t,-c ~y8[fpfhf't7 !((#7 ud8 #^`8 @8 bcnjhbekb rjk[tsb fh elhbc ktjynb vhjdtkbctek tuhbcc8 fhw v[jkjl cfreshbd fqvjcfdkts mfhskbf ,th'tyb vtufcstybcfsdbc ~6|-666 c8c8` wyj,bkb gjynjc vfh]dtyf v[fhbc fye rfdrfcbbc b,thbf5 vwbht rjk[tsb fye tuhbcb lf vwbht b,thbf thslhjekfl v[jkjl xdtyb otksfqhbw[dbc itvltu fhct,j,c lf jhbdt 3chekbfl mfhskbc4 lfyfisbf8 itybidyf5 ybrj vfhb vtuhek tyfc b,thbek tyfc eojlt,c+ 888thsvfytssfy frfdibht,c b,th- lf tuh- ae'tt,c8

#8 rjk[t,b7 cfcgtbht,b7 vtkfymkf~yt,b7 rjhfmct,b7 vjc[t,b7 nfj[t,b7 ,tmt~ht,b7 ,b'tht,b7 vfrhjyt,b7 vfht,b7 vjcbyj~rt,b7 nb,fhtyt,b7 [fkb,t,b7 rfhle[t,b7 [fklt,b7 afcbfyt,b7 crdbsbyt,b7 lhbkt,b7 /tybj[t,b7 rj~nt,b7 b,tht,b lf |6-6| cfereytsf ,th'yek o.fhjt,ib vj[ctyt,ekb c[df mfhsdtkehb njvt,bc cf[tksf yfobkb7 hbcvfu ujhltpbfybc fphbs7 pfyehbc7 hjujhw wfkrt tybc ajhvbht,bc fcf[dfpt vbesbst,c ~h8ujhltpbfyb7 !((#7 ud8 %#`8 xdtyb fphbs7 xfvjsdkbkb mfhsdtkehb njvt,b itb'kt,f ofhvjmvybkyb b.dyty obyfhtmfhsdtkehb vjluvbc fye tybc lbdthutywbbs9 thsthsb inj b.j cfreshbd mfhsdtkehb tyf8 cojhtl tc mfhsdtkeh 2 rjk[ehb tyf b.j bc cfthsjmfhsdtkehb cbcbyf f tyf7 hjvkbcufyfw xdtyb otksfqhbw[dbc lfcfo.bcblfy xfvj.fkb,t,fc bo.t,c sfyfvtlhjdt mfhsekb7 pfyehb lf cdfyehb8 itybidyf5 ilh85 bd8]fdf[bidbkb vecrt,c vtc[sf obyfght,fl sdkbc7 nf,fkt,c b,thsf7 [jkj rfcrt,c 2 rjk[sf ~bd8 ]fdf[bidbkb7 !(&(7 ud8 $#`8 $8 6626 cfereytt,ib ,th'yekbc vbth yfctc[t,b cbn.dt,b ~tsyjybvt,b`5 tuhbcb7 f,fpub7 facbkfb7 cefyb7 tresdybc cbcbyf f tyfc9 h8ujhltpbfybc fphbs7 tc tyf mfhsekbf8 bc abmhj,c7 hjv ctc[t,f vj[lf cfreshbd mfhsekb tyj,hbdb ufhtvjlfy ~ud8^!`8 se ufdbpbfht,s u8rkbvjdbc7 j8kjhsmbafyb'bc7 h8ujhltpbfybc lf c[dfsf vjcfpht,t,c lf lfdeidt,s7 hjv fv lhjc7 erdt rfhuf [fybf7 wfkrt tyfl xfvj.fkb,t,ekbf pfyehb ~vfsb fphbs7 vtjht fsfcoktekib erdt ufvb]yekbf mfhsdtkehb tyt,b+` lf wyj,bkb rjk[ehb wbdbkbpfwbf

pfyehtyjdfyvf vjcf[ktj,fv itmvyf7 vfiby ufeut,fhb bmyt,f7 se hjujh vj[dlf cfreshbd mfhsekb yfctc[j,fyb ,th'yekib lf hfnjv fh bctc[f ,th'yekvf fqybiyekb ktmcbrf cfreshbd pfyehb tybcfufy0888 dabmhj,s7 xdtyb otksfqhbw[dbc ufhb;hf;pt ]th rbltd fhct,j,lf obyfht mfhsdtkehbc vtvrdblht cfthsjmfhsdtkehb cbcbyf f tyf8 cojhtl fv cfthsjmfhsdtkehb tyblfy fhbc yfctc[t,b hbcvfu ujhltpbfybc vbth vbrdktekb ktmcbrehb thstekt,b8 %8 mhbcntc lf,flt,fvlt 6 cfereytib chekbfl mfhskbc vtat b.j ,fhnjvb9 ,fhnjv vtatc 3fhf tcef 't7 fhfvtl v[jkjl fcekb thsb48 hjujhw vtvfnbfyt vjudbs[hj,c7 bvlhjbyltk mfhsdtkt,c fh cehlfs 3c[dbcf yfstcfdbcf vtaj,f7 hjvtkcfwf fhf itcluvblf afhyfdfpbfyj,f47 ,fhnjvvf fyufhbib ufeobf cfpjufljt,bc vjs[jdyfc lf vbccfdt cbwjw[ktib tuhbcblfy uflvjb.dfyf lf vtvrdblhtl lfcdf me]bc 'vbcidbkb7 cf[tkbs mfhsfv888 fv itvs[dtdfib xdty .ehflqt,fc vbdfmwtds7 fuhtsdt7 sfdfl ktjynb vhjdtkbc lfvjrblt,ekt,fc vjwtvekb afmnbcflvb5 ktjynbc lhjc pfyehb erdt tyflff xfvj.fkb,t,ekb7 vfuhfv tuhbctkb eakbcoekb 3c[df yfstcfdfl4 fh bsdkt,f888 cojhtl mfhsfvbc idbkb flhtrb fhbc gbhdtkb vtat xdtyb otksfqhbw[dbc itvltu9 flhtrvf fqflubyf afhyfdfpbc cfmfhsdtkj9 vbc cfvakj,tkjib itlbjlf cfreshbd mfhskbw lf tuhbcbw888 cbv,jkehfl udtxdtyt,f bc afmnbw7 hjv gbhdtkcfdt otkcf vtaj,bcf vbcbcf bidf eafkb xetyb btcj mhbcnt8 ^8 cfvothkj,j tyf ufhrdtek yjhvbht,ek xfhxjt,c vjbfpht,c7 hbc ufvjw xfvj.fkb,t,ek-lfqdbyt,ekb

cfkbnthfnehj tyf yfrkt, wdkbkt,t,c ufybwlbc lf fhmfekj,f-nhflbwbekj,fc byfhxeyt,c9 [fk[ehb tyf ~rbkjt,b lf rbkjrfdt,b`7 hfw eahj yfrkt,flff vjmwtekb yjhvbht,ekb cfkbnthfnehj tybc dtkib7 vbs eahj cohfafl bwdkt,f888 cojhtl fv vbptpsf ufvj itbyfhxeyf cfkbnthfnehj mfhsekvf tyfv sfdbcb cf[t !% cfereybc ufyvfdkj,fib9 [jkj vtuhtksf7 cdfysf7 byubkjsf7 seisf7 [tdcehsf lf f8i8 ltlfmfkfmsfy lfijht,ekb res[tt,bc vw[jdht,sf vtn.dtkt,fv eahj vtnb wdkbkt,f ufybwflf9 firfhff7 hjv reknehek wtynhsfy lfijht,bc cblblt tyj,hbdb wdkbkt,t,bc gbhlfgbhghjgjhwbekbf9 ilh87 fuhtsdt7 #-$ cfereybc ufyvfdkj,fib hfjlty lfijhlf rf[ehc if/-f,fcbcf lf ubjhub cffrf'bc lhjc cgfhctsib7 athtblfyib uflfcf[kt,ek rf[tksf vtn.dtkt,f8 &8 cfereytt,bc ufyvfdkj,fib lfcfdkts cfmfhsdtkj chekbfl mfhskbc ufy'scfwfdb lf vtatsf 'dfksitcfkfub b.j9 vfu85 vehdfy .hec lhjc fhxbkb fm byf[fdc sfdbc cfzehzktc8 fm fhbc lfcfakfdt,ekb ,fuhfnbw7 ubjhub 6-w7 lfdbs fqvfityt,tkbw888 pfyehb lf mfhsekb #) cfereybc oby hjv lfijht,jlf thsvfytsc7 fhfmfhsektyjdfyb tuhbcb dtqfh bmyt,jlf chekbfl cfmfhsdtkjc obyfv'qjkb se vtcdtehb8 *8 lqtdfyltk lfcfdkts cfmfhsdtkjc nthbnjhbfpt hjvftkt,vf js[b cfvtaj itmvytc7 hfsf ufyt[jhwbtkt,byfs 3ufsbit lf b,fnjytc4 ghbywbgb ~bd8]fdf[bidbkb7 !(&(7 ud8 @!$`888 bvfdt [th[bs vfs [tkb eylf itto.js tuhbcbcf lf vwbht b,thbbc ufvb]dybcfsdbc ~vbs evtntc7 fqvjcfdkts cfmfhsdtkjc cgfhctsb fh tktjlf`8 fct lffwfkrtdtc hjvftkt,vf cfmfhsdtkj fye 3chekbfl mfhskb4 cfvtajt,fl888

tc .dtkfathb [lt,f t8o8 3leyt4 cfereytt,ib ~cojhtl fv gthbjlib bo.t,f cfthsjmfhsdtkehbc lfikf`+888 (8 ,th'yt,bcfsdbc b,thbf sfdlfgbhdtkfl chekbfl cfmfhsdtkjc hjv ybiyfdlf7 xfyc bv 'dtk,th'yekb o.fhjt,blfy7 hjvtksf vb[tldbs rfdrfcbbc b,tht,b lf tdhjgbc b,tht,b cfthsj ofhvjvfdkj,bc [fk[bf9 ilh87 fuhtsdt7 fk8 cfh]dtkf'bctekb tnbvjkjubf abybrbehb b,th-~b,tht,b` cbn.dbcf _ 3dbyw pqdf uflfwehf~fk8 cfh]dtkf't !(*(`8 !)8 ktjynb vhjdtkb sfhufvjcbc idbkt,c ijhbc fcf[tkt,c /fjcc7 mfhskjcc7 tuhjcc888 afhyfdfpbc lhjc tyt,bc xfvjsdkbcfc rb vtuhekc fh fcf[tkt,c+ eylf dbdfhfeljs7 hjv \ cfereytib pfyehb njvb erdt xfvj.fkb,t,ekbf7 vfuhfv vbcb jabwbfkehb tyf v[jkjl mfhsekb cfkbnthfnehj tyff9 fm cf.ehflqt,jf bcbw7 hjv ktjynb vhjdtkb fh fcf[tkt,c mfhsdtksf c[df cfj]f[j cfvtn.dtkj rbkjt,cf lf tyt,c888 !!8 tmdsbvt fsjytkb ,fcrt,c vjb[ctybt,c hjujhw 3cgfybbc mfhsdtkt,c47 [jkj ,fcbkb lblbc 3tmecsf lqtsf~c4 sfhuvfyib ufvj.tyt,ekbf nthvbyb 3mfhsdtkyb lfcfdktsbcf47 hfw ittcfn.dbct,f tcgfytsbc b,tht,c ~pdbfl ufvcf[ehlbf7 !(()7 ud8^#`888 fmtlfy xfyc7 hjv mfhsdtkb fhbc b,thbc mfhsekb itcfn.dbcb888 !@8 fbtnbc lhjbyltkb wbdbkbpfwbbc tyfl vtwybthsf thsb yfobkb pfyehc sdkbc9 fhuevtynfl vfs vj/.fds ,th'yekib yfctc[t,fl xfsdkbkb *rj,- lf *fhu- 'bht,b9 vbfxybfs7 hjv ibibyf j - tybc resdybkt,ff+ bcbyb pfyehb -ibibyf xdtyb fphbs7 mfhs8 n.fd ae'tc pfyehib fhfcjltc n.jd tmdbdfktynb9 hjujhw otcb7 mfhsekb ittcf,fvt,jlf *n.jd f-c vjvltdyj ctuvtynib se udfmdc d==e ,uthf7 mfhsek f-c

yfwdkfl pfyehib t ufvjdkbylt,f ~dabmhj,s7 E-c fhct,j,f thqdb [tkc eikbc f→j ghjwtcc+`9 vfu85 mfhs8 'fhqdb 'fhqdb-pfy8]thqdb thqdb7 vfxdb - pfy8 thwmtvb mfhs8vfxdb thwmtvb7 mfhs8 ifidb - pfy8 ptcmdb lf c[df8 fvudfhfl7 pfyehib sfdlfgbhdtkflfw lf f[kfw eylf lfdeidfs v[jkjl n.t,-==n.td n.t,-==n.td- dfhbfynb lf fhbc rbltw fct+ hfw itt[t,f 3fhujc45 fhujyfdnsf [jvfklbc cf[tkb eylf vjlbjltc fhf tuh- 'bhbc pfyehb dfhbfynblfy7 fhfvtl ,th'yekb αργ αργos ~emvb` cbn.dblfy ~ilh87 s8ufv.htkb't7 d8bdfyjdb7 ud8()*`8 fvudfhfl7 fhujyfdnt,b itb'kt,f dsfhuvyjs7 hjujhw 3vj[tnbfkt vjupfeht,b4 ~,th'yek 3emvb4 cbn.dfcsfy fhu- 'bhbc rfdibhpt vbudbsbsf ,-yvf tlbith ztkb'tv`8 !#8 hjltcfw dkfgfhfrj,s hjvtkbvt tybc wdkbkt,bc lbyfvbrfcf se lhjpt7 eylf ufdbsdfkbcobyjs tyfsf ufydbsfht,bc pjuflb nbgjkjubf8 cfv.fhjib fh fhct,j,c tyf7 hjvtkcfw #))) okbc vfy'bkpt sfdbcb cf[t ittyfhxeyt,byjc7 vbs evtntc7 ewdktkfl ityf[ekb.jc9 .dtkf sfyfvtlhjdt tyf se thb ~[fk[b7 vbs eahj7 evothkj,j`7 afmnbehfl7 sfyfvtlhjdt cf[bs mhbcntc itvltu .fkb,lt,f9 bctsb e'dtktcb cfvothkj,j nhflbwbbc vmjyt tyfw rb7 hjujhbwff ,th'yekb7 lhjsf ufyvfdkj,fib cfdct,bs itbwdfkf9 f[fkb ,th'yekb afmnj,hbdfl c[df tyff888 fv ajypt xdtysdbc vbeqt,tkbf sfyfvtlhjdt mfhsdtkeh tyfsf lfikbc sfhbqbc f.dfyf vtcfvt se vtjht fsfcoktekt,fvlt ~afhfjyt,bc se cfycrhbnbc tgjmfvlt`9 pfyehbc se cdfyehbc fvudfhb cb'dtkt .jdkfl ofhvjelutytkbf tsyjreknehekb sdfkcfphbcbsfw8 vtjs[t fsfcoktekib itb'kt,f dbdfhfeljs cfthsjrfdrfcbehb tybc fhct,j,f7 hjvkbc vakj,tkvf [fk[vf itmvyf vnrdfh-

fhfmcbc reknehf9 vtcfvt fsfcoktekib eylf lfdeidfs obyfhtmfhsdtkehb tyt,bc fhct,j,f7 hjvtksfufy ths-thsbc cfae'dtkpt ufydbsfht,ekb cfthsjmfhsdtkehb tyf7 hjujhw cf[tkvobaj lf wbdbkbpfwbbc tyf7 fmnbehfl aeymwbjybht,c otksfqhbw[dfsf vb]yfvlt888 888rbltd itb'kt,f lfvfnt,bsb fhuevtynt,bc vj.dfyf7 v[jkjl thsc lfd'tys5 xdtyb otksfqhbw[dbc \ cfereyblfy7 hjltcfw erdt xfvj.fkb,t,ekbf sfyfvtlhjdt mfhsdtkehb tyt,b7 mfhsekb cfkbnthfnehj tyf7 hjujhw cf[tkvobaj lf cftrktcbj tyf7 ufycfpqdhfdc chekbfl mfhskbc cfpqdht,c9 ofhvfhsek gthbjlib @) cfereybc vfy'bkpt c[dflfc[dftyjdfyb [fk[b thsvfytsc dth itbyfhxeyt,lf88 itbyfhxeyt,lf888 .jdtksf mfhsdtksf4 evsfdhtcb vfrjycjkblt,tkb 3.jdtksf afmnjhb lqtcfw mfhsekb cfkbnthfnehj tyff7 hjvtkbw lhjlflhj bdct,f [jkvt mfhsdtkeh tyfsf lbfktmnehb yfrflekt,bs888 fvudfhfl7 se .jdtkbdt ptvjs smvekc itdf]fvt,s7 mfhsdtkehb vjluvbcf lf tybc cfsfdt htkbubeh-zdhtnbsb ~3mt,f~ lf lblt,f~”`7 bcnjhbek-vtvfnbfyehb ~ktjynb vhjdtkb` lf kjubreh-vtwybthekb cbcntvt,blfy thsyfbhfl xfyc5 ,f,bkjybc ujljkblfy lqtvlt mfhsdtkj,f fvbthrfdrfcbfib w[jdhj,c lf cfmfhsdtkjc c[dflfc[df res[bc vtobyfdtj,bs7 futh erdt %))) otkbf7 fvlblht,c vcjakbj wbdbkbpfwbfc888 sfyfvtlhjdt mfhsdtkeh tyfsf xfvj.fkb,t,f rb eylf lfo.t,ekb.j cfmfhsdtkjc bcnjhbbc t8o8 3leyt4 gthbjlib5 'dtk lf f[fk otksfqhbw[dfsf vb]yfpt888 firfhff7 hjv mfhsdtkehb vjluvbc fhct,j,bc % ))) okbc vfy'bkpt mfhsdtkeh-mfhsekb tyf ~cbcbyf f nbgbc tyf` mfhsdtkehb vjcf[ktj,bc .dtkf stvbc ~]ueabc`

ufvfthsbfyt,tkb [th[tvfkbf9 fvudfhb ufycfresht,ekb aeymwbf vfc esejl bvfy itc'byf7 hjv jlbsufydt 3cbcbyf f4 tyf b.j cf[tkvobaj tyf7 itvltu rb cftrktcbj lf cfkbnthfnehj tyf9 xdty eiefkjl itudb'kbf sdfkb ufdfltdyjs mhbcntc itvltu IV cfereyblfy lqtvlt gthbjlc9 firfhff7 hjv cfereytt,bc vfy'bkpt cojhtl mfhsekb cfkbnthfnehj tyf fhf v[jkjl 3yfstcfdbs mfhsdtksf47 fhfvtl rfdrfcbbc vjcf[kt c[df b,thbek-rfdrfcbehb [fk[t,bc reknehbcf lf ufyfskt,bc gbhdtko.fhj tyff7 jabwbfkehb cfvtn.dtkj rjlbf9 mfhsek cfkbnthfnehj tyfc7 mfhsdtksf 3cfibyfj cfvtn.dtkj rjlt,bcufy4 ufyc[dfdt,bs7 lhjsf ufyvfdkj,fib c[dflfc[df rbkjcf se rbkjrfdpt fvtn.dtkt,ekb .dtkf 3yfstcfdbs mfhsdtkbcfsdbc4 itt'kj lftyf[t,byf sfdbcb lbfktmnbc obkbw fv cfthsj tyfib lf c[df vjyfstcfdt rbkjsf flubkbw9 vfufkbsfl se fdbqt,s 3dta[bcn.fjcybc4 tyfc7 vfcib 3f[kj,tk4 ktmcbreh vfhfuc se uhfvfnbrek ajhvt,c lqtcfw cbfvf.bs fhxtdty cfvtuhtkjc7 fzfhbc7 cfvw[t-]fdf[tsbc7 uehbbc7 rf[tsbc7 cfbyubkjc se [tdcehtsbc vrdblhyb9 3dta[bcn.fjcybc4 tyf fhbc bcnjhbekb cfkbnthfnehj mfhsekb tybc ybveib7 cflfw sfdbc sfdc7 hjujhw thsbfyb vstkbc itvflutytk yfobkc7 [tlfdc mfhsdtkeh tyfsf .dtkf rbkj se rbkjrfdb9 ufvjvlbyfht fmtlfy7 .dtkf 3yfstcfdbs mfhsdtkb4 mfhsek cfkbnthfnehj tyfc cfresfh tyfl_ltlf tyfl_sdkbc7 dbyfblfy fv tyfibf vfsb ofhcekbw lf cbfvf.tw888 .dtkf fcgtmnbs mfhsekb cfkbnthfnehj tyf 3yfstcfdbs mfhsdtksfsdbc4 cfthsjthjdyekb tyff9 cfvoe[fhjl7 fvfc hfnjvqfw dth [tlfdc cfmfhsdtkjc pjub ew[jtkb jgjytynb lf wlbkj,c cfmfhsdtkjc thsbfyj,bc cfae'dtkb 3c[dfufy4 vj't,yjc ~pju]th rb fvudfh [th[tvfkc cfthsjlfw fh dfhfelj,c_fctsyb

e'qt, /bent,fl bmwtdbfy [jkvt`888 s[hj,fc lfdfvsfdht,s thsb cfbynthtcj afmnbc rjvtynfhbs5 II sfdbc lfcfo.bcib xdty lfdcdbs thsb rbs[df5 3mt,f~c4 vrdktdfhsfufy dby hfc [tlfdlf fv 3lfibahek4 ntmcnib lf hfnjv0 fqvjxylf7 hjv dbyw otksf fqhbw[dfc brdktdlf7 3mt,f~ibw4 otksf fqhbw[dfpt vbsbst,f fvjbrbs[f9 dbyw fy,fybc ofhvjij,fpt veifj,lf7 fy,fybc itmvybc sfhbqbc vbsbst,f bdfhfelf7 dbyw ef[kjtc [fyfib vtjhtl vjcdkbc fy vtcbbc vjcdkbc bltbs b.j itg.hj,bkb7 vtcbf fy vtjhtl vjcdkbc hbw[db b[bkf lf f8i8 xdtysdbc7 fv sdfkcfphbcbs7 .dtkfpt eahj cfbynthtcjf pdbfl ufvcf[ehlbfctekb uffpht,f7 hfvltyflfw vfy bdfhfelf7 hjv 3mt,f~ lf lblt,f~ mfhsekbcf tybcf~c4 fdnjhb kfgfhfrj,c mfhsdtkehb vjluvbc lbl ghtbcnjhbek ofhcekpt9 rth'jl7 3mt,f~ib4 yfuekbc[vtdbf mfhsdtkehb fye ghjnjb,thbekb [fk[bc afhsjl ufyatybkb reknehf7 hjvtkbw fhct,j,lf mhbcntvlt vt-$ fsfcoktekib lf eahj 'dtkflfw888 wyj,bkbf7 hjv p8ufvcf[ehlbf fvpflt,lf bjdfyt-pjcbvtc tcmfnjkjubbcf lf vfcsfy lfrfdibht,ekb abkjkjubehb lf tsyjuhfabekb ghj,ktvt,bc itcf[t, dhwtk ufvjrdktdfc8 cfvoe[fhjl7 xdtysdbc ewyj,bf tc yfihjvb9 sevwf7 vbcb ufvjmdt.yt,ekb othbkt,bc7 xdtyb mdt.ybc ,jkj fsoktekt,bc bcnjhbbcf lf p8ufvcf[ehlbfc vjqdfotj,bc ufsdfkbcobyt,bs hfvltybvt cbn.df itb'kt,f dsmdfs vbcb rjywtawbbc itcf[t,5 hectsbc bvgthbbc ,fnjyj,bc okt,ib cfmfhsdtkjib utuvfpjvbthfl [lt,jlf thjdyekb yb/bkbpvbc mflfut,f8 bvsfdbsdt uffwyj,bthf tc thjdyekb lf vfqfkpytj,hbdb

cekbc vmjyt obuybthvf mfhsdtkvf lf fktmcfylht jh,tkbfybc7 bkbf zfdzfdf'bc7 frfrb othtskbc7 dfcbk ,fhyjdbc7 rjycnfynbyt ufvcf[ehlbfc7 ktdfy ujsefc lf vhfdfk c[dfsf vbth itbmvyf xdtyb uvbhekb ofhcekbc fvcf[dtkb v[fndhekb nbkjt,b8 XX cfereybc lfcfo.bcib fqphlbk vtwybthsf thsb yfobkb7 rth'jl7 bdfyt ]fdf[bidbkb7 gfdkt byujhj.df7 cbvjy ]fyfibf7 fhyjkl xbmj,fdf lf c[dt,b wlbkj,lyty vtwybthekb fhuevtynt,b ittmvyfs mfhsekb thjdyek-cf[tkvobajt,hbdb qbhct,bc fqjh'byt,bcfsdbc8 fmnbeh cf,zjsf gthbjlib cfmfhsdtkj sfylfsfy rfhufdlf cojh bcnjhbek jhbtynbht,c9 'tukt,c elufvlyty cfmfhsdtkjc vjqfkfnt7 c[dbc rfhpt vjvcf[eht cfhlkt,cf se htytufnt,c8 fv ajypt mfhsekb tybc mt,f7 ofvjo.t,ekb bctd lf bctd gfdkt byujhj.dfc vbth7 chekbfl f[fkb rjywtgnefkehb [tldbs ofhvjflubyf pdbfl ufvcf[ehlbfv8 bc lft.hlyj vtwybthsf thsb yfobkbc uf,tlek dfhfelc ,th'yek wbdbkbpfwbfvlt ghjnjb,thbekb ~mfhsdtkehb` reknehbc afhsj ufdhwtkt,bc itcf[t, lf lffcrdyf7 hjv 3mt,f~c4 $ ))) fhbc mfhsdtkehb vjluvbc lfrybyt,bc gthbjlb8 vbcb fphbs7 mfhsdtkehb vjluvbc wbdbkbpfwbf7 ghjvtst-fvbhfybc wbdbkbpfwbf ufdhwtkt,ekb7 ufyatybkb b.j mhbcntvlt vt-# fsfcoktekfvlt8 vt-# fsfcoktekib bo.t,f byljtdhjgekb reknehbc [fk[bc fqptdt,f7 hbc ufvjw ghjvtst-fvbhfybc wbdbkbpfwbf tdhjgfc rey'ekt,bc cf[bs itvjhxf7 cbv,jkehfl rb rfdrfcbfc vbt]fzdf888 mfhsdtkj,bc [tkf[fkb fqjh'byt,f vt-!) cfereyblfy bo.t,f888 ufvjrdktdbc 'bhbsfl yfobkib xdty itdtwflts7 uflvjudtwf 3mt,f~c4 ibyffhcbc xdtytekb uffpht,f7 hjvtkbw fh tsfy[vt,f ofhvjlutybk dthcbfc7 sevwf [fpufcvbs fqdybiyfds5 3mt,f~c4

$))) otkb hjv cfmfhsdtkjc ofhcekbc vbvybiyt,tkbf7 cojhtl pdbfl ufvcf[ehlbfc ufvjrdktdfv uffsdfkcfxbyjf9 xdty v[jkjl sfhbqbc rjhtmnbht,f vjdf[lbyts5 mfhsdtkehb vjluvbc bc ghtbcnjhbf7 hjvtkbw vjwtvekb fmdc pdbfl ufvcf[ehlbfc7 hjujhw itcf'kj dfhfelb7 xdtysdbc ~c4 ntmcnbc 3mt,f~ vbeqt,tkb fh fhbc8 jqjyl7 xdtyb fphbs7 3mt,f $ ))) otkb ,b,kbeh mhjyjkjubfc fh eylf cwbklt,jltc7 fvltyfl7 3mt,f~c4 fdnjhbc mhjyjkjubf ,f,bkjybc ujljkblfy yfofhvjt,bc lfothbc sfhbqfvlt fy yjtlfy mfhsdtksf ufmhbcnbfyt,fvlt gthbjlc eylf vjbwfdltc888 P.S. bjdfytc 3ufvjw[flt,fib4 fhfths[tkff kfgfhfrb [fk[t,cf lf njvt,pt7 tyt,cf lf tht,pt ~~&7(9 &7(9 !!7(9 !#7&88`9 afmnj,hbdfl7 tyf lf thb7 tyf lf [fk[b7 tyf lf njvb fm ths ctvfynbreh hbuibf vjfpht,ekb9 ,jkjc yfsmdfvbf7 hjv f[fk bthecfkbvib 3tht,b bdkbfy rhfdbc yfstkpt9 f[fk bthecfkbvib vbbnfyty tht,bc lblt,fcf lf gfnbdc4 ~@!7@$-@^`888 fvudfhfl7 ,f,bkjybc ujljkbc itcfmvt7 ceksvjatyj,bc cfcofekb lf 3f[fkb bthecfkbvb4 vhfdfkthjdfyb rfwj,hbj,bc aeylfvtynfkeh nhbflfl itb'kt,f ufydb[bkjs9 3mt,f~ c4 fdnjhb mfhsek tyfcf lf vjluvfc ofhvjlutybk cfvcfdt 3ufypjvbkt,fib4 [tlfdc888 xdtyb v[hbd7 dofvt,s5 eakbc upbs vfdfkb mfhsdtkehb vjluvbcsdbc _ thsbfyb cfmfhsdtkjcsdbc 2 uf[cybkb vjluvbcsdbc_ bmyt,f 3rhfdbc cfc'kjc4 rfhb,ztyb888

f88 Targmanebi: {DFKF B GHJCKFDKTYBT UHEPBYCRJUJ ZPSRF Cj[hfyty zpsr uhepbycrbq lj lyz Tuj dnjhjuj Ghbitcndbz dj cdbltntkmcndj7 xnj <ju j,kbxbn dct zpsrb cbv zpsrjv8 b cgbn ctq zpsr lj ctuj lyz b d Tdfyutkbb ctq zpsr bvtyetncz Kfpfhtv8 B yjdfz Ybyj j,hfnbkf 2tuj2 b wfhbwf Tktyf9 jyb ;t ldt ctcnhs7 gjlj,yj Vfhbb b Vfhat8 B j lhe;,t - r njve ,skj crfpfyj7 xnj dcz nfqyf d ctv zpsrt cj[hfytyf8 B j Gjrjqybrt xtndthjlytdyjv _ r njve crfpfk Lfdbl ghjhjr7 xnj nsczxf ktn rfr jlby ltym7 f d uhepbycrjv Tdfyutkbb jn Vfnatz d yfxfkt cnjbn 77wthbkb3 ! 2gbcfybt27 b 'nj _ ,erdf b xbckj tt xtnsht nsczxb8 B djn7 xtnsht lyz b Gjrjqybr xtndthjlytdysq7 gjuht,tyysq c Ybv cvthnm. rhtitybz tuj8@ B ctq zpsr7 erhfityysq b ,kfujckjdtyysq bvtytv Ujcgjlf7 eyb;tyysq b j,b;tyysq7 ;ltn lyz dnjhjuj Ghbitcndbz Ujcgjlf8 B d pyfvtybt bvttn cbt5 ltdzyjcnj xtnsht ujlf ,jktt dct[ zpsrjd jn ghbitcndbz {hbcnjdf lj ctuj lyz8 B dctve7 xnj yfgbcfyj7 z ghbdtk d cdbltntkmcndj ,erde cb. 3wbkb3 fp,erb8

LAUS GLORIAQUE LINGUAE IBERICAE (Manuscriptum Ibericum X.saeculi)

Conservata est lingua Iberica usque in diem secundi Eius Adventus in testimoniam, ut annuntiet Deus omnibus linguis per hanc linguam. Et dormita est haec lingua usque nunc et in Evangelio haec lingua vocatur Lazarus. Et Nova Nino convertit et Helene Regina, quae sunt duae sorores, sicut Mariam et Martha. Et amititia de qua dictum est, quoniam totum mysterium in hac lingua conservatum est. Et Mortuus quattuor dierum de quo dixit David Propheta quoniam mille anni sicut dies unus. Et in initio Evangelii secundum Matthaeum in versione Iberica stat cerili quod littera est et dicit totum numerum quattuor millia. Itaque, quattuor dies et Mortuus quattuor dierum, consepultus cum Eo per mortem baptismi Eius. Et haec lingua, ornata et benedicta in nomine Domini, humilis et opressa expectat diem secundi Adventus Domini. Et hoc habet signum: quattuor et nonaginta anni plus quam caeterae linguae ab Adventu Christi usque hunc diem. Et pro teste horum imnium, quae scripta sunt, dixi tibi litteram istam cili alphabeti. Textum Ibericum in Linguam Latinam convertit Z.Kiknadze, Professor, Dr. Universitatis Tbilissiensis

u88 ,B,KBJUHFABF5 u8 f,hfvbidbkb7 p8 fktmcb't !(*% 2 u8 f,hfvbidbkb7 p8 fktmcb't7 fqvjxtyf fhfudbc [tj,fib7 rjveybcnb7 !(*% o87 !( vfbcb ~b[8fuhtsdt7 ufptsb 3rjveybcnb4 !(() o8 !% fghbkb` u8 f,hfvbidbkb7 p8 fktmcb't !(() - G.Abramishvili, Z.Alexidze, A National Motif in the Iconographic Programme Depicted on the Davati Stela, Le Muséon, t.103-fasc. 3-4, Louvain-La-Neuve, 1990. u8 fkfpybcgbhtkb !(($ 2 u8 fkfpybcgbhtkb7 vcjakbjc lfcf,fvbctekb fqvjxtyf7 obuyb I7 s,87 !(($ o8 s8 fklfvb't !((( - s8fklfvf't7 3mfhsekbcf tybcf~47 ntmcnb ufvjcwf7 ufvjrdktdf lf rjvtynfht,b lfehsj styubp fklfvf'tv7 stkfdb7 !((( o8 fcehtk vjqdfotsf w[jdht,bc obuysf 'dtkb htlfmwbt,b7 obuyb II7 s,87 !(^( o8 b8 fcafkub !(^@ - J.Assfalg, Georgische Handschriften (Verzeichniss der orientalischen Handschriften in Deutschland, Bd 3.). Wiesbaden, 1962. fr8 ,fmhf't !(&& 2 fr8 ,fmhf't7 rhbnbrekb uekfyb7 s,87 !(&& o8 fr8 ,fmhf't !(*@ 2 fr8 ,fmhf't7 .jdtkb cfblevkj~7 kbnthfnehekb cfmfhsdtkj7 !(*@ o87 % ctmntv,thb fr8 ,fmhf't !(*# 2 fr8 ,fmhf't7 bctd 3mt,f~c4 ufvj7 vyfsj,b7 !(*# o87 1 ! h8 ,thekfdf !((! 2 h8 ,thekfdf7 3mt,f~lfy4 rjvgbenthbs fvjwyj,bkb vtcbf7 thb7 !((! o87 !& fghbkb h8 ,thekfdf !((! 2 h8 ,thekfdf7 vtjhtl vjcdkbcf vbcbcf7 s,87 !((! o8 d8,jtlthb !((* - d8,jtlthb7 tyf lf dbyfj,f mfhsdtksf bcnjhbfib7 mfhsdtkeh tyfsf cnhemnehbc cfrbs[t,b7 |667 !((* o8 v8 ,hjct !*%* - M.Brosset, Notice sur un manuscrit géorgien de la

Bibliothèque Impèriale publique, provenant de m.Tischendorf. Mélanges asiatiques, St.Petersbourg, 1858, t.III. v8 ,hjct !*^* - M.Brosset, Études de chronologie technique, I. Mem. de l'Academie imp. des Sciences de St.Petersbourg, VII serie, XI,N 13, 1868. p8 ufvcf[ehlbf !(*& 2 p8 ufvcf[ehlbf7 3qebaò da didebaò qarTulisa enisaò", wbcrfhb7 !(*& o8 1 # p8 ufvcf[ehlbf !(() - p8 ufvcf[ehlbf7 cfmfhsdtkjc cekbthb vbcbf7 s,87 !(() o8 p8 ufvcf[ehlbf !((! 2 p8 ufvcf[ehlbf7 othbkt,b7 tctt,b7 s,87 !((! o8 p8 ufvcf[ehlbf !((! 2 p8 ufvcf[ehlbf7 othbkb ufpts 3thbc4 htlfmwbbcflvb7 thb7 !((! o87 * vfbcb8 s8 ufv.htkb't !(*& 2 s8 ufv.htkb't7 vobuyj,hj,f mfhsekb7 kbnthfnehekb cfmfhsdtkj7 !(*& o87 @) yjtv,thb s8 ufv.htkb't7 u8 bdfyjdb !(*$ 8 - N 7 D t p l qD b r c7 q t d g r j sj h p d z8yt j fl s7 y N,87 w Bd q bt B g j h d !(*$ u8 ;8 ufhbnb !(%^ - G. Garitte, Catalogue des manuscrits géorgiens littéraires du Mont Sinaï. Louvain, !(%^ ;8 ufhbnb !(%* - G. Garitte, Le Calendrier palestino-géorgien du Sinaiticus #$ ~X-e siècle). Edité, traduit et commenté par G. Garitte. Bruxelles, !(%* ;8ufhbnb !(&@ - G. Garitte, Un index géorgien des lectures évangeliques selon l'ancien rite de Jérusalem. Le Muséon, t.85, fasc.3-4, 1972, p.348-353

fr8 utkjdfyb !(&( 2 fr8 utkjdfyb7 !))) otkb thsb mfhsekb 'tukbcf7 vyfsj,b7 !(&( o87 1 # s8 udfywtkf't !((( - s8udfywtkf't7 xhlbkj-lfcfdkts cfmfhsdtkjc vjcf[ktj,bc tsybrehb itlutybkj,f ief cfereytsf kfgblfhekb ofhotht,bc vb[tldbs7 mfhsdtkehb vtvrdblhtj,f

6667 mesfbcb7 !((( o8 h8 ujhltpbfyb !((# - h8 ujhltpbfyb7 mfhsekb sdbsituyt,bc xfvj.fkb,t,bc ghj,ktvf7 s,87 !((# o8 u8 uhbujkbf !(($ - u8 uhbujkbf7 tuhbc-kfpbrbc cfbcnjhbj utjuhfabbc ghj,ktvt,b7 s,87 !(($ o8 r8 lfytkbf !(() 2 r8 lfytkbf7 cfthj lf cfqvhsj vbcbf7 rjveybcnb7 !(() o87 !% fghbkb h8 ltdlfhbfyb !((% 2 h8 ltdlfhbfyb7 mhbcnbfyekb vothkj,bc cfsfdtt,sfy7 mesfbcb7 !((% o8 v8 dfy tc,hjrb !(*! - M.van Esbroeck, Les manuscrits de JeanZosime Sin.34 et Tsagareli 81. Bedi Kartlisa (Revue de kartvélologie), vol. 39, Paris, 1981. u8 stdpf't !((! 2 u8 stdpf't7 rjvgbenthbs fvjwyj,bkb cfblevkj7 thb7 !((! o87 * vfbcb g8 byujhj.df !(@$ 2 g8 byujhj.df7 3qebaò da didebaò qarTulisa enisaò"7 rfdrfcbjyb7 !(@$ o87 1 !2@ g8 byujhj.df !(#( 2 g8 byujhj.df7 mfhsekb vothkj,bc bcnjhbbc vjrkt vbvj[bkdf7 vyfsj,b7 !(#( o87 1 (7!)-!! g8 byujhj.df !(%$ - g8 byujhj.df7 ubjhub vthxekt mfhsdtkb vothfkb vtfst cfereybcf7 s,87!(%$ o8 g8 byujhj.df !(^% 2 g8 byujhj.df7 s[pekt,fyb7 n8 III7 s,87 !(^% o8 g8 byujhj.df !(&* 2 g8 byujhj.df7 s[pekt,fyb7 n8 IV7 s,87 !(&* o8 fd8 bjctkbfyb !(() 2 fd8 bjctkbfyb7 mfhsekb vobuyj,hj,bcf lf cnfv,bc bcnjhbbc cfrbs[t,b7 s,87 !(() o8 y8 rfyltkfrb7 u8 wthwdf't !(*& 2 y8 rfyltkfrb7 u8 wthwdf't7 rfktylfhek-mhjyjkjubehb vfxdtyt,tkb7 ($ otkb lf mfhsekb otksfqhbw[df7 vyfsj,b7 !(*& o87 1 @ v8 rfhfyf't !(*( 2 v rfhfyf't7 mfhsekb [tkyfothb obuybc .lbc ufajhvt,bc bcnjhbblfy7 uekfyb7 !(*( o8

r8 rtrtkb't !(%! 2 r8 rtrtkb't7 mfhsekb kbnthfnehbc bcnjhbf7 n8 I, s,87 !(%! o8 r8 rtrtkb't !(%& 2 r8 rtrtkb't7 tnbelt,b 'dtkb mfhsekb kbnthfnehbc bcnjhbblfy7 n8 V7 s,87 !(%& o8 r8 rtrtkb't !(^) 2 r8 rtrtkb't7 mfhsekb kbnthfnehbc bcnjhbf7 n8 67 s,87 !(^) o8 p8 rbryf't !(*@ 2 p8 rbryf't7 mt,f~ mfhsekbcf tybcf~7 kbnthfnehekb cfmfhsdtkj7 !(*@ o87 @% bdybcb p8 rbryf't !(*% 2 p8 rbryf't7 3f[fkbc4 ufut,bcfsdbc 3mt,f~ib47 rhbnbrf7 !(*% o87 1 ! p8 rbryf't !(() 2 p8 rbryf't7 mt,f~ mfhsekbcf tybcf~7 crjkf lf w[jdht,f7 !(() o87 1 # p8 rbryf't !(() 2 p8 rbryf't7 dbsfhwf vfhbfv lf vfhsf~7 vflkb7 !(() o87 @^ vfbcb p8 renb,fidbkb !(*@ 2 p8 renb,fidbkb7 rkfcbrehb lf sfyfvtlhjdt mfhsekb vothkj,f7 s,87 !(*@ o8 v8 kjhsmbafyb't !(^^ 2 v8 kjhsmbafyb't7 flhtatjlfkehb [fybc mfhsekb cfbcnjhbj vothkj,f7 s,87 !(^^ o8 q s y m k y8 tvfhb !()# n8 - bY h7 n fh t dh x lf n V t jh G[ j f n j , 7t v[df sn sy 7 dcyt jyt f [x t y bbcflb d ydCt lfd e; hL n8 djB c k e r l p t j @g _ ) ! j u j 8 yz u db fy f c e h t dB b o n , c 8j t n k f g8 g s \6|7d 1!7 !()# 7 h hy8 vfhb f V 8!($) Z 8- Y t b y f c b g J[ b r c y b p e qh u t c b g j r e h u j 8r zc hq sf ny cb C f y 7j 8v K - 8 V _ u8 $ ) ! r8 vfxf,tkb !(*( 2 r8 vfxf,tkb7 lfdfsbc cntkbc flubkb ief cfereytt,bc mfhsekb [tkjdyt,bc bcnjhbfib7 cf,zjsf [tkjdyt,f7 !(*( o87 1 # k8 vtyf,lt !(*) - k8 vtyf,lt7 'dtkb mfhsekb vothkj,bc rtht,b7 667 s,87 !(*) o8 t8 vtnhtdtkb !(&^ 8- T 7 b k t d t t b h yn t q t xVj f r y c P q f y b l t @g _c ) r ! ' f l j u 7 z b y d t l b 7 tb 8 dn , bj N dy pb pf

!)*^8 t8 vtnhtdtkb !(&& - 'kbcgbhyb lf qvhsbcvij,kbcfyb7 jhb 'dtkb htlfmwbf \-\6 cc8 [tkyfotht,bc vb[tldbs ~ufvjcwf lf ufvjrdktdf lfehsj t8vtnhtdtkvf`7 s,87 !(&! o8 u8 vehqekbf !((@ 2 u8 vehqekbf7 cfe,ht,b mfhsek kbnthfnehfpt7 s,87 !((@ o8 u8 yfhcb't !(*$ 2 u8 yfhcb't7 ($ otkb evtntc7 ufysbflb7 !(*$ o87 1^ u8 yfhcb't !(*% 2 u8 yfhcb't7 e'dtktcb mfhsekb s[pekt,f7 vyfsj,b7 !(*% o87 1( u8 yfhcb't !(*^ 2 u8 yfhcb't7 3mt,f~c4 bcnjhbekb gfhfktkt,b7 vyfsj,b7 !(*^ o87 1 $ u8 yfhcb't !(*& 2 u8 yfhcb't7 lfdfsbc mdf-]dfhb7 vyfsj,b7 !(*& o87 1 $9 * y8 gfgefidbkb !(*# 2 y8 gfgefidbkb7 3mt,f~c4 afreknfnehb cofdkt,bcfsdbc7 mfhsekb tyf lf kbnthfnehf crjkfib7 !(*# o87 1 @ h8 gfnfhb't !(*) 2 h8 gfnfhb't7 mfhsekb fcjvsfdhekb7 s,87 !(*) o8 h8 gfnfhb't !(*! 2 h8 gfnfhb't7 mt,f~ mfhsekbcf tybcf~7 vyfsj,b7 !(*! o87 1 !! h8 gfnfhb't !(*# 2 h8 gfnfhb't7 mt,f~ mfhsekbcf tybcf~7 vyfsj,b7 !(*# o87 1 & h8 gfnfhb't !(*% 2 h8 gfnfhb't7 mt,f~ mfhsekbcf tybcf~7 vyfsj,b7 !(*% o87 1 ^ h8 gfnfhb't !(*^ 2 h8 gfnfhb't7 mt,f~ mfhsekbcf tybcf~7 vyfsj,b7 !(*^ o87 1 ( h8 gfnfhb't !(*^ 2 h8 gfnfhb't7 fy,fysmt,f7 !(*^ o8 h8 gfnfhb't !(*& 2 h8 gfnfhb't7 mt,f~ mfhsekbcf tybcf~7 vyfsj,b7 !(*& o87 1! h8 gfnfhb't !(** 2 h8 gfnfhb't7 vobuyj,fhb7 s,87 !(** o8

ps fy 88 7

m r kd dj ' 8

h8 hfvbidbkb !(*& 2 h8 hfvbidbkb7 fhmtjkjubehb rdktdf'bt,f fhfudbc [tj,fib7 vyfsj,b7 !(*& o87 1 * fk8 cfh]dtkf't !(*( - fk8 cfh]dtkf't7 rfdrfcbbc b,thbbc cf[tkojlt,bc itcf[t,7 vfwyt7 bcnjhbbc7 fhmtjkjubbc7 tsyjuhfabbcf lf [tkjdyt,bc bcnjhbbc cthbf7 !(*(7 1#7 ud8 !!*-!@# p8 cfh]dtkf't !(*$ 2 p8 cfh]dtkf't7 mfhsekb cfkbnthfnehj tybc bcnjhbf7 s,87 !(*$ o8 h8 cbhf't !(*% 2 h8 cbhf't7 reknehek-bcnjhbekb gfhfktkt,b7 kbnthfnehekb cfmfhsdtkj7 !(*% o87 @( yjtv,thb7 1 $* h8 cbhf't !((@ 2 h8 cbhf't7 mhbcnbfyekb reknehf lf mfhsekb vothkj,f7 s,87 eybdthcbntnb7 !((@ o8 v8 cehuekf't !(&* 2 v8 cehuekf't7 'dtkb mfhsekb gfktjuhfabekb nthvbyt,b7 s,87 !(&* o8 f ,8 nt[jdb h R dn!(&& -y <8Nt[jd7 t W \|6-\ d l8V y !(&& u8 l8 abhjcvfyfidbkb !(*# 2 l8 abhjcvfyfidbkb7 hfvtse otkb fsfcb7 dbsfhwf thsb lqt7 rhbnbrf7 !(*# o87 1 $ r8 abw[tkfehb !(*% - r8abw[tkfehb7 fqvjcfdkts cfmfhsdtkjc njvsf bcnjhbbc 'bhbsflb ghj,ktvt,b ~'d8 o8\|-|66 cfereytt,b`9 s,87 !(*% n8 aenrfhf't !((( - n8 aenrfhf't7 3mt,f~c ntmcnjkjubehctvfynbrehb 'bt,bc cfrbs[t,b47 fk8 jh,tkbfybcflvb vb'qdybkb vtcfvt cfvtwybthj rjyathtywbbc vfcfkt,b ~rht,ekb`7 s,87 !((( o8 mfhsekb cf,zjsf tywbrkjgtlbf 2 mfhsekb cf,zjsf tywbrkjgtlbf7 n8 |7 !(*) o89 n8 \7 !(*^ o8 mfhsek [tkyfothsf fqothbkj,f !(&* - mfhsek [tkyfothsf fqothbkj,f7 cbyehb rjktmwbf n8 67 s,87 !(&* o8 mfhsek [tkyfothsf fqothbkj,f !(*) - mfhsek

[tkyfothsf fqothbkj,f7 cbyehb rjktmwbf7 n8667 s,87!(*) o8 mfhsek [tkyfothsf fqothbkj,f !(*& -mfhsek [tkyfothsf fqothbkj,f7 cbyehb rjktmwbf7 n86667 !(*& o8 mfhskbc w[jdht,f !(%% 2 mfhskbc w[jdht,f7 n8 67 s,87 !(%% o8 mfhsekb vothkj,f !(*$ 2 mfhsekb vothkj,f ~ktmcbrjyb-wyj,fhb`7 obuyb I7 s,87 !(*$ o8 mfhsekb vothkj,f !(*& 2 mfhsekb vothkj,f7 n8 67 s,87 !(*& o8 b8 mfabfidbkb !((# 2 b8 mfabfidbkb7 'dtkb mfhsekb kbnthfnehf7 s,87 !((# o8 i8 mehlf't !(^& 2 i8 mehlf't7 ltlftybc pjuflcfufyvfyfskt,kj aeymwbbcfsdbc7 crjkf lf w[jdht,f7 !(^& o87 1 @ fr8 ifyb't !(%( 2 fr8 ifyb't7 cbyehb vhfdfksfdb7 s,87 !(%( o8 fr8 ifyb't !(&^ 2 fr8 ifyb't7 'dtkb mfhsekb uhfvfnbrf7 s,87 !(&^ o8 v8 xf[fdf !(*$ 2 v8 xf[fdf7 mt,f~ lf lblt,f~ mfhsekbcf tybcf~7 gfhfktkb7 !(*$ o8 d8 xe,byb't !((# 2 d8 xe,byb't7 cfcofekb7 s,87 !((# o8 v8 x[fhnbidbkb !((! 2 v8 x[fhnbidbkb7 cfblevkjt,f cf[tkbcf7 vyfsj,b7 !((! o87 1 % v8 x[fhnbidbkb !((@ 2 v8 x[fhnbidbkb7 bcnjhbekb gjhnhtnt,b7 s,87 !((@ o8 v8 x[tb't !((^ 2 v8 x[tb't7 ofhqdyfvltkb b,thbekb tyf7 ufptsb mesfbcb7 !((^ o87 # ctmntv,thb s8 x[tyrtkb !(*# 2 s8 x[tyrtkb7 kfpfht7 f[fkvfy ybyj7 kbnthfnehekb cfmfhsdtkj7 !(*# o87 @@ fghbkb 1!& s8 x[tyrtkb !(*( 2 s8 x[tyrtkb7 vidtybthb v'ktdfhb7 s,87 !(*( o8 f8 wfufhtkb !(**8 - F 7 b k t hb f r ub fyqWn j z r v c f y Gb p e h

b jn ym

h

f ,c 8 ct n k bc 7pb @eg

n f h

d c g

q

j

tn kz vd C t P b q s 8 g IV8 7s( I7 8 ( d , )8 G !u f8 wfufhtkb !**(8 7- F bz kb ty ht f l u t f d WC[ jf u7 8 , G C ) ( ( ! 8 u c8wfbidbkb !(&( - mfhsekb gjtpbf s[esvtn njvfl7 n867 s,87 !(&( o8 ~c8wfbidbkbc obyfcbn.dfj,bs` 'dtkb mfhsekb fubjuhfabekb kbnthfnehekb 'tukt,b7 obuyb I-II, s,87 !(^& o8 i8 'b'buehb !(^( 2 i8 'b'buehb7 mfhsekb tybc sfduflfcfdfkb7 s,87 !(^( o8 h8 zfynehbidbkb !((# 2 h8 zfynehbidbkb7 sfhuvfybc ufy[bkdf7 kbnthfnehekb cfmfhsdtkj7 !((# o87 @$ ltrtv,thb7 1 %@ t8 ztkb't !(*# 2 t8 ztkb't7 uyjcnbrehb [fcbfsbc 'tukb7 vyfsj,b7 !(*# o87 1 !@ t8 ztkb't !(** 2 t8 ztkb't7 rdkfd 3mt,f~c4 itcf[t, ~[tkyfothb ihjvf`7 s,87 !(** o8 p8 zev,ehb't !(*& 2 p8 zev,ehb't7 ltlftyf mfhsekb7 s,87 !(*& o8 y8[fpfhf't !((# - y8 [fpfhf't7 3vtc[b4 tsybrehb nthvbybc bcnjhbbcfsdbc7 cfmfhsdtkjcf lf mfhsdtkj,bc fqvybidytkb ew[jehb lf mfhsekb nthvbyjkjubf7 s,87 !((# o8 k8 [fxb't !((! 2 k8 [fxb't7 bjfyt vbyx[bc f[kflfqvjxtybkb cfufkj,kt,b7 kbnthfnehekb cfmfhsdtkj7 !((! o87 $ bfydfhb k8 [tdcehbfyb !(&* 2 k8 [tdcehbfyb7 Sin #$-bc itlutybkj,bc cfrbs[bcfsdbc7 vhfdfksfdb7 n8|67 s,87 !(&* o8 k8 [tdcehbfyb !(*) 2 k8 [tdcehbfyb7 bjdfyt-pjcbvtc thsb [tkyfothbc itcf[t,7 vhfdfksfdb7 n87 VII7 s,87 !(*) o8 b8 ]fdf[bidbkb !($& 2 b8 ]fdf[bidbkb7 cbyfc vsbc mfhsek [tkyfothsf fqothbkj,f7 s,87 !($& o8 b8 ]fdf[bidbkb !($( 2 b8 ]fdf[bidbkb7 mfhsekb gfktjuhfabf7

y C r

d b

ff y

n

s,87 !($( o8 bd8 ]fdf[bidbkb !(&( - bd8 ]fdf[bidbkb7 mfhsdtkb thbc bcnjhbf7 n8 67 !(&( o8 c8 ]fyfibf !(%* -c8 ]fyfibf7 cfmfhsdtkjc bcnjhbf7 s,87 !(%* o8 f8 ]fafhb't !((^ - f8 ]fafhb't cfvjwbmekj trktcbbc bcnjhblfy7 n8 67 s,87 !((^ o8 j8 ]fafhb't !((* - j8 ]fafhb't7 mfhsdtkb njvt,bc tsyjreknehekb bcnjhbbcfsdbc 'dtkb otksfqhbw[dbs vtcfvt fsfcoktekib7 s,87 !((* o8 l8 ]fytkb't !(*( - l8 ]fytkb't7 mt,fb lf lblt,fb mfhsekbcf tybcfb7 cf,zjsf [tkjdyt,f7 !(*( o87 1$8