Kartveluri Memkvidreoba I Gabelaia

ineza gabelaia abaSis xeobis gvarsaxelebis eTnoistoriuli sakiTxebi (sofel sefieTis masalebis mixedviT)

saqarTvelos mosaxleobis eTnoistoriis Sesaswavlad uaGresad didi mniSvneloba aqvs gvarsaxelebs. qarTuli gvarsaxelebi ki, rogorc aGiarebulia, didi xnis warmoqmnilia. ak.SaniZe werda: `qarTuli saxelebisa da gvarebis Sesaxeb SeiZleba mTeli tomebi daiweros da mainc ar iqnes amowuruli mTeli siGrme-siganiT es metad saintereso ubani qarTuli enisa, sadac qarTveli eris istoriis esa Tu is mxarea asaxuli~ (a.SaniZe, `macne~, #2, 1967, gv. 195). am TvalsazrisiT friad saKuradGeboa saqarTvelos erT-erTi mniSvnelovani istoriul-geografiuli mxare _ samegrelo. samegreloSi gansaxlebuli gvarebis Seswavla unda moxdes rogorc lingvisturi, ise eTnografiuli da saistorio mecnierebis TvalsazrisiT. amJerad Cveni mizania samegrelos erTi xeobis erTi soflis _ sefieTis gvarsaxelTa istoriul-eTnografiuli Seswavla. saerTod ki migvaCnia, rom mxolod am gziT gamomziurdeba qarTuli gvarsaxelebisaTvis damaxasiaTebeli Kvela niuansi. naSromi eKrdnoba rogorc eTnografiul monacemebs, ise saistorio sabuTebs da sakomlo davTrebs. Tavidanve gvinda xazi gavusvaT, rom sofelSi fiqsirebuli gadmocemebi gvarTa sadauroba-warmomavlobis Sesaxeb, saistorio sabuTebSi dacul cnobebs xSirad emTxveva da istoriul sinamdviles Seesabameba. gvarTa Sesaxeb gadmocemebis sandoobis Sesaxeb miTiTebulia samecniero literaturaSi (r.TofCiSvili, Tb., 1984) da amis Sesaxeb aq sitKvas aGar gavagrZelebT. sefieTSi Kvelaze mravalricxovani gvaria o C i g a v e b i s gvari (56 komli). oCigavebi cxovroben soflis eklesiis irgvliv. kompaqturad dasaxlebuli oCigavebis ubans `saoCigao~ ewodeba. rogorc saistorio, ise eTnografiuli monacemebiT irkveva: oCigavebi priviligirebul aznaurTa wres ekuTvnodnen. saistorio sabuTebiT Znelia gavarkvioT, Tu rodis warmoiqmna oCigavebis gvari. erTi ram aSkaraa, rom me-16 s-dan isini ukve aqtiur monawileobas Gebuloben ara marto sefieTis, aramed samegrelos cxovrebaSi. irkveva, rom mas Semdeg, rac sofeli dadianebis sabatono gamxdara (me-16 s.), erTmaneTSi ukmaKofileba mosvlia aq mcxovreb or aznaurul gvars _ oCigavas da TofuriZes. am davaSi upiratesoba TofuriZeebs moupovebiaT da oCigavebi damxobilan. e.TaKaiSvilma 1913 w. samegreloSi mogzaurobis dros mTavarangelozis eklesiis samxreT kedelze amoikiTxa mxedruli warwera: `elayiS oCigava~ (e.TaKaiSvili, gv. 36). warwera adrindeli Cans. eklesia orJer Kofila moxatuli: pirvelad _ me-15-16 ss. miJnaze abraam yilaZis dros da meored, me-17 s. yKondidel zosime kopalaZis dros. oCigavebi pirvelad arian daxatuli. gadmocemiT oCigavebi iTvlebian mTavarangelozis eklesiis aGmSeneblad. meored, gvian TofuriZeebi mouxatavT. saKuradGeboa citata, romelic e.TaKaiSvilis dasaxelebuli naSromidan mogvKavs. rodesac mas eklesiis kedelze gvarsaxeli oCigava amoukiTxavs, iqve mdgara mnaTe, gvarad oCigava, romelsac uTqvams: `dideba saxels GmerTo, rom simarTles ar dakargav. me oCigava var, wineT Cveni gvaris xalxi Kofila aq didebulebi da isini Kofila sul aq dasaflavebuli, magram Semdeg TofuriZeebi gaZlierdnen, Cveni gvaris kacebis suraTebi wauSliaT da TavianTi dauxatavT~ (e.TaK. gv. 34). amdenad, oCigavebi adgilobrivi warmoSobis gvaria. oCigavebi sefieTis garda cxovroben md.abaSis marJvena napirzec. 1904 w. monacemebiT sefieTSi oCigavebis 25 oJaxi mkvidrobda. oCigavebis salocavi sefieTis mTavarangelozis eklesia iKo, sadac ikrZalebodnen kidevac. gvars aqvs `kili~ (gvaris metsaxeli, gvaris Tikuni) `oCi gironi~. l a b a r t K a v e b i sefieTSi dGes 52 komlis raodenobiT cxovroben calke ubnad, labartKavebi saeklesio Kmebi Kofilan. sasaflao eklesiis aGmosavleTiT hqoniaT. gvars aqvs kili. maT `pirutKvebs~ uwodeben. TofuriaºTofuriZe sefieTSi mcxovrebi adgilobrivi gvaria. rogorc zemoT aGvniSneT, TofuriZeebi oCigavebTan davaSi dawinaurebulan. soflis eklesiis samxreT nawilSi oTxi didebulia daxatuli. erTis garSemo xucuri warweraa da ikiTxeba `dadiani liparit~, meores ki miwerili aqvs `mamizbedi (anu mamisbedi) Tofuria~ (e.TaK. gv. 35). warwera me-17 s. ganekuTvneba. TofuriZeebis gvari fiqsirebulia eklesiaSi napovn wminda giorgis xatzec, romelzedac mxedrulad aweria: `Semovswire mTavarangelozis eklesiis aznaurman rostomis Zema lovane Tofuriaman sadGegrZelod

Cemda Cemis Ziris eklesias welsa C me (1845 w.) GvinobisTvis aq (15) (iqve, gv. 37). Tofuriebis (TofuriZeebis) gvari ki pirvelad saistorio sabuTebSi moxseniebulia 1413-1444 ww. (o.soselia, 1973, gv. 285). 1904 wlis monacemebiT sefieTSi TofuriZeebis 23 oJaxi mkvidrobda da Kvela aznauri iKo (quTaisis saxelmwifo arqivi, f. 8, an I, saq. #813). amaTgan zogierTi Tofuriad iwereboda. dGes TofuriZeebi kompaqturad mosaxleoben agreTve abaSis xeobis soflebSi: kapanasa da gankarSi. sefieTSi 45 komlis raodenobiT mkvidrobs ruruebis gvari. eTnografiuli monacemebiT. zogi adgilobriv mkvidrebad Tvlis Tavs, zogi _ mosulad martvilis r-is sof. orqadan. 1904 w. monacemebiT sefieTSi ruruebis 38 oJaxi cxovrobda (qsa, 8-1813). ruruebis gvaris kilia `Jugebi~. sofelSi cxovroben amave raionis sofel zanaTidan migrirebuli m a k a l a T i e b i (25 oJaxi). eTnografiuli monacemebiT makalaTiebis gvari zanaTSi samurzaKanodan gadmosaxlebula. aq maT winapars batoni mouklavs, gamoqceula da dasaxlebula udabur adgilas, romelsac dGes zanaTi ewodeba. sefieTSi ori Zma mosula _ daviTi da nikolozi. upiratesad daviTis STamomavalni gamravlebulan. makalaTiebi cxovroben soflis aGmosavleTiT `samakalaTios~ ubanSi. maTi JinJi anu Ziri xatia `iloris wminda giorgi~. magram samurzaKanodan mesisxleobis gamo gadmosaxlebulni salocavad veGar dadiodnen ilorSi da suJunis wminda giorgis eKmobodnen. makalaTiebis gvaris `kilia~ `kowowia~. m e l i e b i mosuli arian sofel geJeTidan (dGevandeli senakis raioni). romlebic kompaqturad mosaxleoben sefieTis eklesiis aGmosavleTiT, meliebis ubanSi. 1904 w. monacemebiT sofelSi meliebis 7 komli mkvidrobda (qsa, 8-1-813): dGes maTi raodenoba 22 oJaxis farglebSia. meliebi pirvelad saistorio sabuTebSi moxseniebuli arian 1628 w. levan dadianis biyvinTis eklesiisadmi Sewirulobis sigelSi. dadianma eklesias Seswira sasaxle wKaliZgas Tavisi mosaxleobiT: `...melia, Svanqiria, gerizia da sxva ......~ (s.kakabaZe, 1921, gv. 39-47). meliebis gvari fiqsirebulia agreTve 17001714 w.w. gabriel yKondidelis mier suJunis wm. giorgisadmi Sewirulobis wignSi: `...melia oTari da misi Svilebi Cemi daxsnilia da esex SenTvis Semomiwiravs da amaTac TiTo morCili sanTeli marTebs Kovel giorgobis winadGes...~ (iqve, gv. 111). meliebis gvarsaxels safuZvlad udevs Zveli qarTuli mamakacis saxeli `mela~. gvaqvs agreTve gvarebi melaZe da melaSvili. sefieTSi n o d i e b i s 21 komli mkvidrobs. nodiebis gvarSi ori Sto gamoiKofa. erTi Stos winapari ontofodan mosula, romlis STamomavlebs `molen (gamoGma) nodiebs~ uwodeben; meore Stos winapari suJunidan gadmosaxlebula. maT `meleni (gaGma) nodiebi~ ewodebaT. suJunidan me-18 s. mosuli nodia mGvdeli Kofila. gvari nodia moxseniebulia 1628 wlis levan dadianis ganCinebis wignSi, romelsac aZlevs xonis monasters: `momirTmevia gamsaxurdias kaci nasKidai nodia da eqvsi komli kaci...~ (s.kakabaZe, dasax. wigni, gv. 51). nodiebis gvari dasaxelebulia 1770 wlis grigol yKondidelis suJunis monastrisadmi Sewirulobis wignSi: `...Semomiwiravs suJunis wm.giorgis eklesiisaTvis uria mordoxia misi colSviliT da aq damisaxlebia ise rogorc aq arian sxva Ziris kacebi nodia Tu matkava~... (iqve, gv. 69). migrirebuli gvaria Gvania. isini cxovroben saCaios ubanSi. eTnografiuli monacemebiT, batonis mokvlis gamo xonidan mosulan me-18 s. bolos. gvaris dafarvis mizniT, samegrelosaTvis TavSefarebulebs adrindeli gvari GvamberiZe GvaniaTi SeucvliaT. 1904 w. aGweriT sefieTSi Gvaniebis cxra oJaxi mkvidrobda (qsa, 8-1-813). Z v e l a i a (12 komli) migrirebulia sof.gankaridan. gankaraSi ki gadmosaxlebulni iKvnen samurzaKanodan (oCamCiridan) me-18 s. bolos Tavdapirveli gvaria zvambaia, gadmosaxlebulia sumaia zvambaia, romelsac didi codvebis gamo iq ver daedgomeboda. gankaraSi mosul or Zma zvambaias gvari Seucvlia, dawerilan Zvelaiad. 1904 w. aGweriT sefieTSi Zvelaiebis oTxi komli mkvidrobda. isini iloris wminda giorgis Kmebi iKvnen, sadac salocavad bolo dromde dadiodnen. sefieTSi baGaTuriebis rva oJaxi mkvidrobs. soflis mkvidrs noqalaqeveli qvrivi SeurTavs, romelsac mohKolia vaji _ qauCi. is am oJaxSi aGzrdila da aqve daoJaxebula. misi STamomavalni arian baGaTuriebi. baGaTuria xabeiSvilebis oJaxSi aGzrdila. amis gamo xabeiSvilebi erTmaneTis naTesavebad Tvlian Tavs da amis gamo arc erTmaneTze qorwindebian. g o g o n a i a migrirebuli gvaria. maTi winapari guriis sofel ZimiTidan mosula me-16-17 ss. miJnaze. adrindeli gvaria gugunava. gogonaiebi Kovelwliurad salocavad dadiodnen ZimiTis eklesiaSi, romelsac mozvers swiravdnen. radgan gogonaiebi sefieTSi mosuli ori Zmis STamomavalni arian, isini Kofilan or ganStoebad, or ganaK-

robad, romelsac samegrelos Sesaswavl sofelSi `dinos~ uwodeben. saKuradGeboa, rom ZimiTSi salocavad gogonaiebis ori dinos warmomadgenlebi morigeobiT dadiodnen. ukanasknelad am gvaris warmomadgenlebi ZimiTSi salocavad 1920 wels Kofilan. sefieTSi cxovroben abaSis raionis sof. ontofodan mosuli nadareiSvilebi (oTxi oJaxi). eTnografiuli monacemebiT, nadareiSvilebis adrindeli gvari agiaSvili Kofila. isini ontofoSi me-18 s. meore naxevarSi mosulan. gadmocemiT, dadianis tivze dakruli yabuki upovia. is Tavis nanadirevad CauTvlia da nadareiSvili (nanadirefskua _ nanadireviSvili) uwodebia. yabuki imereTis mefis karze warCinebuli piri Kofila. es gadmocema legendas ufro hgavs, vidre sinamdviles, magram istoriuli dokumentebiT agiaSvilebi imereTSi marTlac warCinebuli gvari iKo. cixisTavi Teimuraz agiaSvili pirvelad naxsenebia 1663-1673 ww. (pirTa anotirebuli leqsikoni, I, Tb., 1991, gv. 68), gvarsaxeli nadareiSvili saistorio sabuTSi pirvelad me-18 s. II nax. fiqsirebuli. nadareiSvilebis salocavia ontofos wm.barbares eklesia, sadac e.TaKaiSvilma 1913 w. ipova wm.barbares vercxlis xati warweriT: `...es wminda barbares xati SevamkeviT ontofielma dekanozis iovanem nadareiSvilma Cvenis sulis saoxad (1762 w.) q kons~ (e.TaK. gv. 33). nadareiSvili moxseniebulia 1838 w. 20 aprilis dadianis wKalobis wignSi, romelic misca ontofus mcxovreb adre mis Kmad namKof kuxalaSvils: `...vinaidan jamTa viTarebis gamo miminoSvils nadareiSvilisTvis miucixarT, garna me Zieba vKavi da gipove nadareiSvilis xelSi...~ (`saqarTvelos siZveleni~, I, gv. 52-53). Zveli abaSidan arian sefieTSi gadmosaxlebulni g r i g o l i e b i . Zvel abaSaSi ki sof. Sxefidan iKvnen migrirebulni. grigoliebis gvari pirvelad naxsenebia 1621 wlis afxazeTis sakaTalikoso gamosavlis mosakreblobis davTarSi xoirs: `marTebs grigolias vajoba sapurobo, I saklavi, muSaoba, KurZnis krefa, laSkroba, samsaxuri~ (qarTuli samarTlis Zeglebi III, gv. 424). iqve naxsenebia agreTve gokurcxia grigolia. grigoliebis gvari moxseniebulia kidev 1673-1693 ww, `Sewirulobis wignSi kaTalikos daviT nemsaZisa biyvintisadmi~: `...SemogwireT Tquen, saSinelsa da caTa mobaZvisa biyvintisa GmrTismSobelsa Cuen kaTalikozman nevsaZem daviT TeklaTs grigolia gelei da misi Svili xoxonai misis colSviliTa~... (qsZ, III, gv. 612). xeliZe (5 komli) xonidan mosula me-20 s. dasawKisSi. xonSi atarebdnen giorxeliZis gvars. gadmosaxlebis Semdeg xeliZed dawerilan. sefieTSi g a g u e b i s sami komli mkvidrobs (1904 w. aGweriT 2 oJaxi). gadmosaxlebuli arian didi yKonidan me-19 s. II naxevarSi. sefieTSi araerTi sxva gvaris warmomadgenlebic mkvidroben, romlebic ZiriTadad me-20 s-Si arian mosuli zesiZeobis Semdeg. amrigad, warmodgenili eTnografiuli masalebiT aSkarad Cans, rom sefieTis dGevandeli mosaxleoba Sedgeba, rogorc adgilobrivi warmoSobis, ise migrirebuli gvarebisgan. SeiniSneba mosaxleobis migracia ZiriTadad erTi xeobis _ abaSis xeobis farglebSi, Tumca aris ramdenime migrirebuli gvari samurzaKanodan. aris imereTidan migrirebuli ramdenime gvaric. mosaxleobis migracia ZiriTadad ganpirobebuli iKo ekonomikuri mizezebiT, klasobrivi winaaGmdegobebiT. me-20 s-Tvis damaxasiaTebeli Cans zesiZeobiT ganpirobebuli migraciebi. saKuradGeboa, rom sefieTSi, ise rogorc samegrelos sxva soflebSi gvarebi gansaxlebuli iKvnen ubnebis mixedviT, e.i. aq gvaqvs saubno dasaxleba (`saoCigao~, `saruruo~), rac TavisTavad miuTiTebs samegreloSi gvarsaxelebis istoriul siGrmeSi, sakmaod didi xniT warmoqmnaze. saistorio dokumentebSi sefieTSi gansaxlebuli gvarebi pirvelad me-16 s-Si arian moxseniebulni. samegrelos sof. sefieTis specifikuri movlenaa gvaris metsaxeli, Tikuni, romelsac aq `keli~ ewodeba. amave dros, rogorc saqarTvelos sxva kuTxeebSi, sefieTSi gansaxlebul gvarebSi gamoiKofa gvarTa ganaKofebi (ganaKrobebi), romlebsac samegreloSi `Turi~ da `dino~ ewodebaT. sefieTSi ZiriTadad termini `dino~ gamoiKeneba. am socialuri erTeulebis calke Seswavla momavlis saqmed gvesaxeba. sefieTis gvarsaxelebi nawarmoebia, rogorc -ia, ise -va da -ua sufiqsebiT. -ia finalebiani gvarebidan SeiZleba davasaxeloT: Tofuria (iwerebodnen TofuriZedac), makalaTia, melia, nodia, Gvania, Zvelaia, baGaTuria, gogonaia; -va sufiqsianebidan _ oCigava, labartKava, -ua sufiqsianebidan: rurua da gagua. amas garda, sefieTSi gvarsaxelebi bolovdeba -Svili da -Ze formantebiTac (nadareiSvili, xeliZe). sefieTSi rogorc adgilobrivi, ise migrirebuli Kvela gvarsaxelis fuZe qarTul-qarTveluria.

damowmebuli literatura e . T a K a i S v i l i _ e. TaKaiSvili, arxeologiuri mogzauroba samegreloSi, `Zveli saqarTvelo~. r . T o f C i S v i l i , 1984 _ r. TofCiSvili, aGmosavleT saqarTvelos mTielTa migracia me-17-20 ss., Tb., 1984. r . T o f C i S v i l i , 1990 _ r. TofCiSvili, xevsuruli gvarebi, qarTulkavkasiuri eTnografiuli Studiebi _ 1987, Tb., 1990. s . k a k a b a Z e , 1921 _ s. kakabaZe, dasavleT saqarTvelos saeklesio sabuTebi, 1921. pirTa anotirebuli leqsikoni, I, Tb., 1991. o . s o s e l i a , 1973 _ o. soselia, narkvevebi feodaluri dasavleT saqarTvelos social-politikuri istoriidan, 1973. qarTuli samarTlis Zeglebi, III. quTaisis saxelmwifo arqivi, f. 8 an I, saq. # 813. a . S a n i Z e , 1967 _ a. SaniZe, Teoforuli saxelebi qarTvelur enebSi, `macne~ # 2, 1967. I. Gabelaia Ethno-historic Problems of the Family Names of Abasha Valley (Based on the Materials of the Village of Sepieti) Summary Of the family names found in Sepieti only the following seem to be indigeneous: Ochigava, Labartqava, Topuridze/Topuria. The representatives of these indigeneous family names live compactly in the village districts. The representatives of other family names have settled here at different periods of history, some of them having migrated from Samurzaqano.