Kartveluri Memkvidreoba I Cxadaia

paata cxadaia dasavlurqarTuli dialeqtebidan nasesxebi leqsika samegrelos toponimiaSi

kolxeTis toponimia aTaswleulebis manZilze Kalibdeboda: Cerqezul-adiGeuri elementis povniereba axsnas sayiroebs; berZen kolonizatorTa mier datovebuli geografiuli saxelebi iSviaTia; svanuri substrati Tavs iCens rion-cxeniswKlidan gumisTamde. ayaruli, guruli da imeruli dialeqtebis leqsikasa da toponimiaSi uxvadaa warmodgenili zanizmebi, xolo leCxumurisaSi _ svanizmebi, rac, cxadia, interferenciis (ZiriTadad) an marginaluri kontaqtebis Sedegia. megrulis topoleqsemebSi gamoiKofa sami fena: arqauli, nasesxebi da sakuTriv zanuri. arqaul fenaSi igulisxmeba fuZe-enidan momdinare faqtebi, rac bgeraTSesatKvisobaSi vlindeba. qarTuli K e l sitKvis fonetikur-semantikuri SesatKvisi ‡a l megrulSi amjamad ar ixmareba (Secvala qarTulidan nasesxebma kiser- sitKvam), magram Semonaxulia orografiul terminSi o ‡ a l e S i `uGeltexili" da gamoKenebulia Sesabamisi obieqtebis saxeldebisaTvis. mTian samegreloSi, gansakuTrebiT, lakadisZirebSi, araa iSviaTi svanuri mikrotoponimikuri substrati (laKoria, laGvajia, laCaxva, lekere da sxv.). topoleqsemaTa sesxeba bunebrivia mezoblad mcxovreb xalxTa Soris. afxazuri enis leqsikuri elementebi xSiria samurzaKanoel megrelTa metKvelebaSi, Tumca iseT sitKvebs, rogoricaa: axra `cicabo klde", axkaara `SemoGobili adgili, romelic ezos akravs", aafˆn `gazafxuli" da sxv. enguris marcxena napiris megrelTa metKvelebasa da toponimiaSic SexvdebiT. samegrelos geografiul saxelwodebaTa fuZeebSi gamovlinda Zveli qarTulis leqsikac. sailustraciod sakmarisia ramdenime nimuSis dasaxeleba: l i a `saflobi talaxi" (sulxan-saba), p a l a u r i `saTevze" (sulxan-saba), faceri `Tevzis maxe", k a l o `pureulis salewi adgili", k o d i `gulamoGebuli mori, gamoKenebuli yurylad, sawKaod an amomdinare wKaroSi Casadgmelad", m t i l i `baGi, Kvavilnari, bostani" (Sdr. megr. ortvini `bostani") da sxv. samegrelos toponimia sakmarisad Seicavs rogorc saliteraturo qarTulis, ise qarTuli enis dasavluri kiloebisaTvis damaxasiaTebel leqsikur elementebs, raSic qvemoT gaanalizebuli masala dagvarwmunebs. a n g a r i (CvenTvis saintereso mniSvnelobiT) mxolod dasavlur (imer., leCx.) kiloebSia fiqsirebuli: `eklis Gobe, mcenareTa safari; ezos an Kanis sazGvarze arsebuli bunebrivi an xelovnuri zGude" (`sitKvis kona"). am sitKvas umniSvnelo fonetikuri da semantikuri saxesxvaobiT `gauGwevia" cxeniswKals gaGma da gavrcelebula martviluri Tqmis zonaSi, sadac a n g a r o aGniSnavs saxnavi farTobebis gamKof viwro buCqnar zols. a n g a r o mikrotoponimia (saxnavia) sof. lecicxvaieSi. b e C a º b e C o erT-erTi farTod gavrcelebuli orografiuli terminia megrulis leqsikasa da toponimiaSi, sadac misi mniSvnelobaa: mcire SeGrmaveba lodis qveS an kldis Ziras; mGvime wKalqveS an xmeleTze; gamoqvabuli. am ukanaskneli mniSvnelobiT toponimiaSi mas SeiZleba Seenacvlos `q v a b i ". i. KifSiZec ase ganmartavs: beCa Cå?å!= (i.KifSiZe, 1912). megruli beCaºbeCo TiTqmis imeorebs im mniSvnelobebs, rac b e C o sitKvas aqvs leCxumursa da imerul dialeqtebSi: Gru mdinareSi, mdinaris napirSi, sadac budobs Tevzi da kibo, _ Jile; daTvis bunagi; daTvis bunagi gamoqvabulSi. -a da -o bolokiduri xmovnebis monacvleoba TiTqos fakultaturia, raime funqciuri an regionuli datvirTva ara aqvs, Tumca ki qvemo samegreloSi upiratesad b e C a varianti ixmareba: sof. alertkarSi (Kofili grigoliSi zugdidis r-nSi) md. KuliwKaris marc.mxares sami mcire mGvimea. erTs ewodeba sˆmetami beCa (`svetebiani mGvime"), meores _ cxocxobeCa (cxocxo qacvia), xolo mesames _ gˆrZe beCa (`grZeli mGvime"). zemo (mTiani) samegrelos toponimiaSi SeiZleba Segvxvdes sufiqsdarTuli (beCela, beC-ola, beC-ona, beC-una) formebic. mogvKavs sailustracio masala: b e C a _ klde sof. yaleSi; lodi sof. nafiCxovoSi; mGvime d. CxorowKuSi (var.: ‡aliConaS qvabi); Jile md.kinesqurze, sof. JaGraSi; CeGalis Senakadi sof. leTkanTSi da mr.sxv.

b e C e l a º b e C o l a _ kldisZiri sof. vaxaSi. b e C o _ maGali klde sof. godoganSi. b e C o [ l a ] _ mGvime sof. leqobaleSi. b e C o [ n a ] _ saxnavi, beqi sof. onoGiaSi. b e C u n a _ alp.saZovari uCaGalis saTavesTan (taleris satKeo). d a d b e C a _ tKe-xeoba md. inwiris saTavesTan (Jvaris satKeo). b e C o svanurSicaa cnobili da aGniSnavs daTvis bunags. gvxvdeba svaneTis toponimiaSic (a.liparteliani, 1994). dedamiwis amaGlebul adgils, romelic Tavisi simaGliT TvalsaCinod aGemateba midamos, megrulSi g v a l a (z.-s.), gola (sen.). g o  a (b.-m.) ewodeba. magram zemo samegrelos toponimiaSi aqa-iq qarTuli mTa orografiuli terminis T a variantic Cans: T a i a `patara mTa" _ sofelia CxorowKus raionSi, egrisis qedis mTiswineTSi. saxeli Tavdapirvelad unda darqmeoda patara mTas, romelic sofels dahKurebs da dGes osindaled iwodeba. T a [ n a ] n w K e r i º T a n w K i _ mTa texur _ abaSis wKalgamKofze, sof. TamakonSi. n w K e r i º n w K i r i _ dawKobili, dalagebuli (mTa Sedgeba erTmaneTze dalagebuli fiqalis fenebisagan). T a r z e n i `mTa-vake" (an `mTis vake") _ vake-mTa yaniswKal-xobiswKlis wKalgamKofze (squris satKeo). T a t ˆ b `mTa Tbili" _ tKe-ferdobebi inwiris marc.mxares (sof. Cqvaleri). uqaro, Tbili adgilia, mziani, Tovli adre dneba, xec adre ifoTleba. T a k a d a r i `mTis mziani ferdobi" _ seri sof. saadamioSi. S q a n T a `SuamTa" _ sof. Tamakonis kuTxe buJeris kalTaze. cnobilia, rom mTa sitKvis Tavkiduris m dakargulia mraval dialeqtSi, rogorc dasavlurSi (imer., ray., leCx., ayar.), ise aGmosavlurSi (mesx.). rogorc Cans, imerulidan Ta megrulSic Sesula da garkveul periodSi ixmareboda kidec. dGes ki mxolod zemoT dasaxelebul toponimebSia SemorCenili (saubarSi ar iKeneben). T a gvxvdeba zemo imereTis toponimiaSic: zeda[m]Ta, kvijia[m]Ta, saqoria[m]Ta, maGla[m]Ta, dabla[m]Ta da sxv. (saq.top., gv. 264-265). mesxurSi gvaqvs nTa variantic (b.JorbenaZe, 1989, gv. 382). i e l i KviTelKvavilebiani foTolcvenia buCqovani mcenarea, Sxamiani da maTrobela, izrdeba tKis pirad. am botanikur termins qarTvelur enaTa dialeqtebSi mravali fonetikuri da leqsikuri varianti moepoveba, maT Soris guruli e l a - i da imerul-rayul-leCxumuri e l i (`sitKvis kona", gv. 217), rac Sesula megrulSi e l i , i b l i , i o l i , i o i (i.KifSiZe, gv. 435), i v l i , e i formebiT (a.maKaSvili, 1991, gv. 33). amaTgan i b l i mxolod zugdidur-samurzaKanouli kilokavisaTvis aris damaxasiaTebeli. vasaxelebT am fuZeTa Semcvel megrul toponimebs: e l [ i ] o n a _ buCqnari sof. lejvanieSi. e l i o n i _ borcvi sof. waCxurSi. e l o n a _ buCqnarebi sof. mongirSi, alertSi. e  o n a _ buCq. sof. TamakonSi, Cais farT. sof. winakverkveSi da sxv. e  o n i _ mindori sof. zemo xunwSi. i b l o n i a _ buCq. Tarzenis kalTaze, sof. muxurSi.  o e n a ← oi _ buCq. sof. saeliavoSi.  o  o n a ← o _ tKe d. martvilSi. maSasadame, iel sitKvis megrul saxesxvaobebs Seemata: e, oi, o (Sdr. laz. eli). k a k u t i da k a k u y i saerTo Ziris mqone sitKvebia dasavlur kiloebSi: k a k u t i imerulSi simindis safSveni xelkavia, Gomis sacexvia _ msxvili, moxrilTaviani; xolo leCxumurSi _ marwuxi. k a k u t a , k a k u t e gurulSi aris kakvi, mokauyebuli Joxi. k a k u y i c Tavmokauyebuli Joxia, oGond _ leCxumurSi; amave k a k Zirs ukavSireben masalobrivadac da mniSvnelobiTac k a k - v - i arsebiT saxelsac (da misgan nawarmoeb mo-k a k v a zmnas), romelic agreTve aGniSnavs kakvs, kauys (`kakuyi _ igivea, rac kauyi". ix. qegl., t.7). k a k u t i sitKvas megrulSi ori ZiriTadi mniSvneloba aqvs: 1. simindis (taros) safSveni an Gomis sacexvi xelkavi, romelsac Tavi msxvili da moxrili aqvs (rogorc zemoT vnaxeT, aseTi mniSvneloba aqvs k a k u t s imerulsa da gurulSi, xolo k a k u y s _ leCxumurSi); 2. saxuravis qveS dadebuli grZeli xe, romelzec ayedeben Kavris, islis, kramitis dasamagrebel latans (Sdr. k a k v i s mniSvneloba leCxumurSi). faqtiu-

rad amgvaradve ganmartavs i. KifSiZec meTaur statiaSi paralelurad dasaxelebul kakuti da kakvi sitKvebs. sulxan-sabac da d. CubinaSvilic kakv sitKvas ukavSireben mokakvas, kauys. mTian samegreloSi tKeebs, sadac kakuts amzadebdnen, darqmevia: k a k u t - o n a _ tKe-wablnari raqaSi (kurzus satKeo). o k a k u t e [ S i ] _ tKe-seri abaSis xeobaSi (gayedilis satKeo), sadac TxmelnarSi Tlidnen Gomis sacexvel kakvebs. megrulSi k a k u t i aSkarad imerul-guruli dialeqtebidan nasesxebi sitKvaa (da ara piriqiT). bgeraTSesatKvisobaTa wesebis Tanaxmad, k a k Zirs megrulSic da lazurSic unda moeca k o k . marTlac, lazurSi gvaqvs k o k º k u k kakvis mniSvnelobiT. marTalia, megrulSi araa dadasturebuli kanonzomieri ekvivalenti, magram igi rom unda arsebuliKo, amas mowmobs svanuri k o n k , romelic megrulidan aris nasesxebi (etim. leqsik., gv. 167). dabolos, k a k u t i a gvaricaa samegreloSi. ra Tqma unda, igi metsaxelisaganaa warmoqmnili. k v a n t i l a . al.maKaSvilis `botanikur leqsikonSi" dasaxelebulia mcenare b u s k a n t u r a (sxva leqsikonebSi ar Cans) da misi dialeqturi SesatKvisebi: s k v a n t i l a , s k v a n t i l o (zemoim., qvemoray.), k v a n t i l a , murkafxala, (qvemoim., mTaray.), Jdomiera, Jdomela (zemoim.), k v a t a l a , quCubenia (megr.). es masala avtorze miTiTebiT Sesulia `qarTul kilo-TqmaTa sitKvis konaSi". iv. qavTaraZe skvantila sitKvas ase ganmartavs: `mxalia erTgvari" (i. qavTaraZe, 1963). dawvrilebiTi aGwera ar moipoveba. rogorc Cans, buskanturas variantebad dasaxelebuli dialeqturi sitKvebis mniSvneloba zustad identuri ar unda iKos. skvantilas variantia murkafxala. murki ki aris `kombostos ZirT xviti" (sulxan-saba, n. da d. CubinaSvilebi), anu `kombostos Geros gamsxvilebuli nawili Ziridan foTlamde, _ xviti" (qegl, V). sulxan-sabasTan ki xviti kombostos Ziria. amaze msJeloba imitomaa aucilebeli, rom megrulSi k v a n t i l a (z.-s.), k v a n t i a (b.-m.) aGniSnavs tkbilZirxvnian balaxovan mcenares. toponimebia: o k v a n t i l e _ tKe-xeoba leberieSi (sof. nafiCxovo). o k v a n t i e S i _ davakeba da morevi md. noGelis marJ. napiras (sof. qvaiTi). ra Tqma unda, orive SemTxvevaSi adgils saxeli miuGia im mcenaris mixedviT, romelic iq xarobs. o-e da o-e-Si prefiqs-sufiqsebiT nawarmoebi saxelebi xSiria samegrelos toponimiaSi. k v a n t i l a qvemoimerulidan Sesula megrulSi da, amasTanave, Sinaarsic mniSvnelovnad ucvlia. k o d m e gurulSi gavrcelebuli orografiuli terminia. misi mniSvnelobaa: mTis koncxi; goris ferdobi; gverdobi. mdinaris maGali (amaGlebuli) napiri; kbode (qegl, `sitKvis kona"). amasTanave, qegl mianiSnebs: `Sdr. kbode". am ori sitKvis semantikuri identuroba naTelia. sulxan-saba ganmartavs: `k b o d e _ zGvisa da wKlis piri kldovan-flatoiani Cauvali", aseve n. CubinaSvilic: `k b o d e _ zGvaTa da mdinareT piri frialo, flatiani da Cauvali". mniSvnelovania, rom klde da qva sitKvebis ganmartebisas sulxan-sabas mohKavs k m o d e variantic: `k m o d e _ ars klde zGvisa da mdinarisa kidesa Cauali"; k m o d e _ `zGvisa da mdinaris kiduri Casavali, aramed Casayreli klde iKos gina flate". kbodeºkmode variantebs asaxelebs i.abulaZec `Zveli qarTuli enis leqsikonSi". rogorc cnobilia, zogi dialeqti Tavkidura kompleqsebSi homogenurobis principis darGvevas `asworebs" nawilobrivi asimilaciis gziT: kbili → kpili, tba → tpa... rogorc Cans, meore gza substituciaa. aGmosavlur da (ufro xSirad) dasavlur dialeqtebSi `uxerxul" kb kompleqsSi xdeba b:m monacvleoba; magaliTad, kaxurSi: kbena → kmena; leCxumurSi: kbili → kmili; imerulSi: kbens → kmens; gurulSi: ukbina → ukmina (b. JorbenaZe, 1989, gv.gv.: 319, 456, 500, 582). maSasadame, kbode → kmode SesaZlebeli fonetikuri procesia rogorc aGmosavluri, ise dasavluri dialeqtebisaTvis. magram k o d m e , rac aSkarad metaTezisis (kmode → kodme) Sedegi Cans, mxolod dasavlur kiloebSi (imerulsa1 da gurulSi) aris dadasturebuli da iqidan SeTvisebuli megrulis mier. samegrelos toponimiaSi gamovlenili variantebi _ kodeºkodmeºkodume aGniSnavs mdinaris frialo napirs, kbodes, flates 5-6 m. simaGlidan 15-20 m. simaGlemde. aseTi flatis Ziras xSirad morevicaa. amitomac bunebrivia zogi informatoris aseTi ganmarteba: `kodume aris morevi maGali napiris Ziras". toponimebia: 1

wKaltubos meriis sof. tKaCirSi venaxis saxelia `kodime".

k o d m e _ 1. ‡vanaGalis maGali napiri (sof. zumi); 2. dabali beqi, rac CauKveba cxeniswKlis yalas (sof. lecicxvaie); 3. morevi texurze, flatis Ziras (sof. gaxomela) da sxv. k o d e ºkodme _ saxn. abaSis marJ. napiras (sof. nalefsao). k o d u [ m ] e _ dabali kbode abaSis marcx. napiras (sof. naxarebavo). k o d u m e _ morevi texurze (sof. nosiri). rogorc masala aCvenebs, megrulSi k o d m e mxolod mdinaris napiria, maGali an dabali (xolo mTis koncxs, ferdobs igi ar aGniSnavs). k o r d i Zvel qarTulSive farTod gavrcelebuli da xSirad gamoKenebuli sitKvaa naTargmn Tu originalur mxatvrul literaturaSi, sadac misi mniSvnelobebia: udabno, uSeni; mouxnavi miwa, Kamiri da sxv. (il. abulaZe, 1973). tarielic xom ase mimarTavs rostevans: `modi da davsxdeT, mefeo, amoa k o r d i mwvanisa". sulxan-sabasaTvis k o r d i aris `unamuSavaro miwa", xolo n. CubinaSvilisaTvis _ `uxnavi da umuSako mindori abalaxebuli". dialeqturi saleqsikono masalebis (fSauri, qarTluri, ayaruli, zemoimeruli) mixedviTac k o r d i aris Kamiri, e.i. daumuSavebeli, mindvraqceuli miwa, balaxiT dafaruli. k o r d i sitKvasTan erTad zemoimerulSi fiqsirebulia asimilaciis Sedegad miGebuli formebi k o r T i (toponimebia: korTebi, korTiseri da sxv.) da k o r t i (toponimebia: kortebi, korti, kortnala, kortis seri da sxv) (saq.top:). rogorc vxedavT, Kru mkveTri k `aKruebs" mjGer d bgeras da Sedegad, erT SemTxvevaSi viGebT Kru fSvinviers (T), meore SemTxvevaSi ki _ homogenur t bgeras. CvenTvis sainteresoa is semantikuri gadaweva, rac ganucdia k o r T i variants: `cicabo aGmarTi, Znelad misadgomi maGlobi; mTa-borcviani adgili" (`sitKvis kona", gv. 303) uxnavi miwa, saZovrad qceuli, xSiria swored borcvebze. amitomac SeuZlebeli ar Cans mniSvnelobis aseTi cvla: kordi → borcvi. orografiuli termini k o r t i gavrcelebula cxeniswKlis marJvena mxaresac, senakuri kilokavis banZur-martviluri Tqmis zonaSi, rac uSualod ekvris qvemo imereTs. martvilis raionSi fiqsirebulia toponimebi: k o r t i ºmoniefiS korti _ mTis koncxi sof. zemo xunwSi. k o r t i g o l a _ seri sof. lebaCeSi. maSasadame, kordi sitKvas imerulSi miuGia gansxvavebuli semantikuri da fonetikuri ieri da gavrcelebula megruli metKvelebis areSi rogorc orografiuli termini k o r t i _ `Kvelaze maGali adgili". m a m u l i sitKvis uZvelesi da Tavdapirveli mniSvneloba, ra Tqma unda, aris `mamiseuli, mamisaTvis damaxasiaTebeli, mamisagan momdinare". saliteraturo qarTulsa da dialeqtebSi am warmoqmnil leqsikur erTeuls miuGia ori ZiriTadi mniSvneloba: 1. memkvidreobiT miGebuli sakuTreba _ uZravi qoneba, upiratesad, miwa-wKali; 2. samSoblo. CvenTvis amjamad dakvirvebis obieqtia `mamulis" is konkretuli da viwro mniSvneloba, rac mas miuGia imerulSi da gadahKolia megrulSic. imerulSi m a m u l i ewodeba venaxs, zGvares. zemo imereTSia Cawerili: `es mamuli sul Cveni iKo, Gvinoi uamravi gvqonda"; `bruisSi da GarixevSi mamulicaa da Kanacaa" (q. ZoweniZe, 1974). i.KifSiZec ase ganmartavs: `mamuli _ !%ä%"%å , ìå…, å, C!å, ì3?å“2"å……% ", …%ã!=ä…, *". mamuli farTod gavrcelebuli sameurneo terminia mTel samegrelosa da samurzaKanoSi. banZur-martviluri Tqmis zonaSi igi warmodgenilia m a m u i formiT. Kovelive amas adasturebs mravalricxovani toponimikuri masala, romlis erT nawilsac aqve moviKvanT: m a m u l i _ 1. mind. sof. samqvarSi; 2. seri sof. CxorTolSi; 3. tKe sof. meore moxaSSi; 4. saxn. sof. buliSSi; 5. saZ. sof. naguruSi da sxv. m a m u i _ saxn. sof. naJaxavoSi. m a m u l o n i _ 1. tKe sof. fSaurSi (bediis Temi): 2. saxn. sof. saesebuoSi; 3. lakadisZirebi sof. leTkanTSi; 4. Cai sof. moidanaxeSi da sxv. m a m u  o n i _ saxn. sof. lexaindraoSi. m a m i a n a ºmamuona _ saxn. sof. levaxaneSi. m a m i o n a ºmamuona _ saZ. sof. lecaveSi. m a m l o n i ºmamuloni _ tKe sof. leaxaleSi. m a v l u o n i ºmamluoni _ saxn. sof. xamiskurSi. n a m a m u l _ saxn. sof. riKeSi. `uwin venaxi Kofila, Semdeg princ miurats rami gauSenebia". maSasadame, m a m u l i (b.-m.: mamui, mamu) farTod gavrcelebuli sameurneo termi-

nia rion-cxeniswKlidan GaliZgamde. misi mniSvnelobaa: baG-venaxi; venaxian-xexiliani adgili; adgili, sadac xeebze (Cveulebrivad, Txmelebze) adesaa aSvebuli. amaves aGniSnavs megrulSi agreTve sitKva naSen(ºnaSin). s a C e x i polisemantikuri sitKvaa. misi ZiriTadi da farTod gavrcelebuli mniSvneloba dakavSirebulia C e x v a , g a d a C e x v a zmnebTan: saCexi aris is, rac unda Cexon da isic, riTac unda Cexon, agreTve adgili, sadac SeiZleba gadaiCexon (qegl. VI). dasavlur kiloebsa da megrulSi moipoveba C e x , C i x saxeluri fuZeebi, romelTa zogadi mniSvnelobaa `Jebiri, SemozGuduli adgili". gurulSi C i x i aris `SemoGobili sabalaxo pirutKvisaTvis", xolo zemoimerulSi C e x i , C i x i aGniSnavs farexs, saCexes, qarTas (mimwKvdeul adgils gulisxmobs qarTuli C i x i c : `gza (quCa), romelic erTi mxridan Caketilia"). megrulSi C e x i aris Jebiri, kaSxali, saerTod, misamwKvdevi adgili2. aqedanaa warmoqmnili nasaxelari zmnebi: g o C i x u a , g o C e x u a (wKariS goCixua `mdinaris gadakedlva"), m i k o C i x u a (kirdeJinc qimkibCixi `kldisZirTan mivemwKvdie"). aGniSnul zmnaTa warsuli drois mimGeobebi naCixa da goCixili xSirad gvxvdeba samegrelos toponimiaSi. amave zmnuri fuZidan Cans nawarmoebi meTevzeobasTan dakavSirebuli termini o C x e `samwKvdevi" (Cexua → oCexe → oCxe), rac qarTulsac SeuTvisebia. Cex, Cix- fuZeebis Semcveli nasaxelari zmnebi, romelTa mniSvneloba dakavSirebulia damwKvdevasTan, mimwKvdevasTan, imerulSic unda gvqonoda, rasac adasturebs mimGeobebi s a C e x e , s a C i x e . es sitKvebi asea ganmartebuli: `sariT an wneliT SemoGobili gadauxuravi sazafxulo samwKvdevi saqonlisa" (q. ZoweniZe, 1974) an, rac igivea, `ezoSi (Cveulebriv, saxls ukan) SemoGobili adgili pirutKvis sadgomad, SeSis sawKobad da sxva daniSnulebisaTvis" (qegl, VI). swored imerul-gurulidanaa Sesuli megrulSi s a C e x i , s a C i x e (megrulis bazaze warmoebisas iqneboda oCixe, oCixu). sailustraciod mogvKavs toponimikuri masala: s a C e x i _ 1. saxnavi. `aq yKoindaris Jogis saCexi iKo" (sof. sabokuCavo); 2. mindori. `mdinare tarCenis rkalSi CixiviT mimwKvdeuli adgilia" (sof. lemiqave); 3. tKe sof. nosirSi da sxv. s a C i x i _ mindori. `dadians hqonda SemoGobili dayerili saqonlis dasamwKvdevad" (sof. oireme). n a s a C i x _ 1. JamponaGalis zemo weli sof. urTaSi; 2. mindori. `bunebrivad SemozGuduli adgilia da Txis saCexad iKenebdnen" (sof. korcxeli) da sxv. marTalia, megruls moepoveba saTanado zmnuri fuZe, magram `saqonlis samwKvdevi Gia SemoGobili adgilisa" da, zogadad, `momwKvdeuli adgilis" mniSvnelobiT imerul-gurulidan SeuTvisebia saCexi, saCixi sitKvebi. u r e k i cnobili zGvispira kurortia guriaSi. toponimad qceuli sazogado sitKva ureki asea ganmartebuli leqsikonebSi: `sadac ar unadiriaT; gauvali, xSiri, uGrani tKe" (qegl, VI). `bneli, Grma, gauvali adgili, tKe. ureki tKei _ gauvali, udaburi tKe" (`sitKvis kona"). sulxan-sabas leqsikonSi vkiTxulobT: r e k a _ `nadirT moreka" (sxva variantiT: `nadirT modena"); s a r e k i _ `nadirT mosalalavi" (`nadirT mosadeneli"); qeglic ganmartavs: `s a r e k i _ adgili, saidanac nadirobis dros nadirs erekebian saxundarisaken". `vefxistKaosanSic" aris naxsenebi samonadireo termini m a r e k i , Semdgomi drois mrekavi. maSasadame, s a r e k i , Cveulebriv, iKo tKe, saidanac SeiZleboda nadiris gamorekva. bunebrivia, iqneboda iseTi tKeebic, romelTac marekni ver miudgebodnen (vTqvaT, xSiri ekal-bardiT daburulobis gamo) nadiris gamosalalavad. amitom, ra Tqma unda, gveqneboda sarekis antonimuri sitKva u r e k i c . meore mxriv, r e k fuZe Cans saqonlis gadenis aGmniSvnel zmnaSi g a r e k a v s , rac imas niSnavs, rom s a r e k i SeiZleba gaviazroT rogorc saZovarze saqonlis gasadeni adgili. amis mixedviT, ureki iqneba iseTi tKe, sadac saqonels ver Serekav (isev da isev xSiri ekalbardianobis gamo)3. marTalia, ara gvaqvs regularuli bgeraTSesatKvisoba qarT. k: megr. ‡, magram cxadia, rom qarTuli r e k -a `garekva" da megruli r a ‡ - u a `garekva" semantikuradac da masalobrivadac erTmaneTs faravs. samegreloSi im adgilebs, sadac saqonels garekav2

q.senakSi Geles, romelic odesGac taias gadaukedlavs sawisqvile arxSi wKlis gadasaSvebad, ewodeba

Cexi.

taiaS

erTvis texurs. 3 saCxeris raionis sof. sarekis saxelwodebas ase ganmartaven: `...ro wamovidoden sanadiroT maSindeli ufrosebi, wamoiKvanden xalxs da moKvebodnen GoburaT, modemden nadirs da Carekden sarekSi, amoxocden Sid am nadirs. amitom deerqva sareki" (q. ZoweniZe, 1974, gv. 582).

dnen saZovarze, darqmevia: o r a ‡ u _ saxn. sof. gimozgonJilSi. o r a ‡ u e S i _ saZ. soflebis _ muxurCisa da lefoCxues _ sazGvarTan. d i k a r a ‡ _ zGvispira saZovrebi corkadan GaliZgamde (soflebi _ ilori, nagvalou). gauvali tKe-yaobis, ekal-qacviani uGrani, udaburi tKis aGsaniSnad ki megruls gurulidan usesxebia sitKva u r e k i , rasac adasturebs es toponimikuri masala: u r e k i ºmangari _ Gele sof. dGvabaSi. u r e k e b i ºureki _ saZ. sof. TxmelarSi. u r e k i a ºkuyuS urekia _ tKe sof. cvaneSi (`inf.: `ureki aris uwminduri tKe. qacvi da ekali izrdeba, gauvalia. CvenSi bevrganaa ureki"). u r e k i S G e l e ºsativo Gal _ Gele sof. sagviCioSi (zemo yaladidis Temi). rogorc vxedavT, termini ureki mxolod qvemo samegreloSia gavrcelebuli. zemo samegreloSi mas cvlis sitKva m a n g a r i , romelic zemoT dasaxelebuli erT-erTi toponimis variantadac gvaqvs. t e v r i xSiri, daburuli tKea. es sitKva dasavlur dialeqtebSic mravalwlian xSir tKes aGniSnavs. gavixsenoT, rom qarTulis vr kompleqsis adgilas megruli oden b Tanxmovans gamoaCens: warbi → wabi. amis msgavsadve, qarTul tevr sitKvas megrulSi moucia t e b i (inf.: `tebi xSiri tKea, didroni xeebiT, maGal adgilebSi ufro icis. izrdeba wifeli, rcxila, muxa, Tela, cacxvi, wabli"). samegrelos toponimiaSi gvxvdeba: tebi, tebona, tebGai, tebZga, tebiSi, tebGeli da sxv. zemoT gaanalizebuli Tormeti topoleqsema saSualebas gvaZlevs, gavakeToT zogi daskvna megrulis mier qarTulenovani leqsikuri masalis sesxebis gzebisa da xasiaTis Sesaxeb: 1. qarTuli saliteraturo enis leqsikuri elementebi Jer dasavlur kiloebSi gadasxvaferebula fonetikurad (Ta, eli, kodme), semantikurad (mamuli) an fonetikur-semantikurad (korTiºkorti) da mere SeuTvisebia megruls. 2. qarTul sitKvas, romelic dasavlur kiloebSic ixmareba, megrulSi Sesvlis Semdeg Seucvlia fonetikuri ieri (tevri → tebi). 3. qarTulenovan nasesxeb topofuZeTa erTi nawili oden dasavluri dialeqtis (an dialeqtebis) kuTvnilebaa da fonetikur-semantikur cvlilebaTa gareSe (an umniSvnelo cvlilebiT) aris SeTvisebuli megrulis mier (angaro, beCa, kakuti, kvantila, saCexi, ureki). araa SeuZlebeli, zogi maTgani svanurSic iKos Sesuli. 4. qarTulidan nasesxeb topoleqsemaTa erTi nawili mTel samegreloSia gavrcelebuli da samurzaKanomdec aGwevs, meore nawili ki mxolod imereTisa da guriis momiJnave teritoriis toponimiaSi dasturdeba. damowmebuli literatura i l . a b u l a Z e , 1973: Zveli qarTuli enis leqsikoni, Tb. a . l i p a r t e l i a n i , 1994: svanur-qarTuli leqsikoni [Coluruli kilo], Tb. a . m a K a S v i l i , 1991: botanikuri leqsikoni, Tb. i . q a v T a r a Z e , 1963: masalebi imeruli leqsikonisaTvis, qess, III, Tb. i . K i f S i Z e , 1914: megruli (iveriuli) enis gramatika qrestomaTiTa da leqsikoniT, sanqt-peterburgSi (rusul enaze). q . Z o w e n i Z e , 1974: zemoimeruli leqsikoni, Tb. b . J o r b e n a Z e , 1989: qarTuli dialeqtologia, Tb. etim. leqs.: h.fenrihi, z. sarJvelaZe, qarTvelur enaTa etimologiuri leqsikoni, Tb., 1990. saq. toponimia: saqarTvelos ssr toponimia (masalebi), t.I, zemo imereTi, Tb., 1987. sitKvis kona: qarTul kilo-TqmaTa sitKvis kona. Semdgeneli al. Glonti, Tb., 1984. qegl: qarTuli enis ganmartebiTi leqsikoni. t. I-VIII, arn.Ciqobavas saerTo redaqciiT, Tb. Semoklebani alp.: alpuri ayar.: ayaruli dialeqti b.-m.: banZur-martviluri Tqma

d.: daba var.: varianti zemoimer.: zemoimeruli kilokavi z.-s.: zugdidur-samurzaKanouli kilokavi imer.: imeruli dialeqti inf.: informatori leCx.: leCxumuri dialeqti marc.: marcxena marJ.: marJvena md.: mdinare megr.: megruli dialeqti mesx.: mesxuri dialeqti mTaray.: mTarayuli kilokavi mind.: mindori ray.: rayuli dialeqti r.: raioni saZ.: saZovari saxn.: saxnavi sen.: senakuri kilokavi sof.: sofeli qvemoray.: qvemorayuli kilokavi qvemoim.: qvemoimeruli kilokavi

P. Tskhadaia Vocabulary Borrowed from the Western Dialects of the Georgian Language in the Toponymy of Megrelian Summary From the South Megrelia directly borders Imereti and Guria. That`s why it`s natural that we clearly see the tight contacts with Gurian and Imeretian dialects in the Megrelian speech. We can especially say it about the borrowing of the grammatical and lexical elements. The toponymical material having been analysed in the article gives us possibility to draw some conclusions about the ways and character of the borrowing of woods from Georgian into Megrelian. 1. First there are some lexical changes in the western dialects of the Georgian language (namely in Imeretian and Gurian). First, the vocabulary is changed phonetically or semantically or in both ways and then it is adopted by Megrelian. 2. Georgian word which is used in Imeretian and Gurian without changing its form and meaning changed its phonetic after becoming Megrelian. 3. Words belonging to Imeretian or Gurian dialects became Megrelian without any phonetic or semantic changes (or with very little changes). 4. Some words borrowed from Georgian and its dialects have been widely used in Megrelian and the others are used only on the territory of Imereti and Guria.