Kartveluri Memkvidreoba I Cxadaia Taia

Taia cxadaia ma- prefiqsis erTi funqciisaTvis megrulSi

qarTveluri enebi mdidaria derivaciuli afiqsebiT, romlebic qmnian mravalaferovan sitKvawarmoebiT modelebs. am aspeqtiT kvleva-Zieba albaT momavalSic gamoavlens mraval saintereso faqts. am narkvevSi ki SevCerdebiT ma- prefiqsis erT araordinalur funqciaze megrulSi. ma- prefiqsi megrulSi saxelebs awarmoebs rogorc zmnaTagan, ise saxelTaganac. i. KifSiZem ase CamoaKaliba misi ZiriTadi funqciebi: 1. moqmedebiTi gvaris mimGeobis warmoeba; 2. TanabrobiTi xarisxis warmoeba; 3. rigobiTi ricxviTi saxelebis warmoeba raodenobiT ricxviT saxelTagan; 4. mcenareTa da frinvelTa saxelebis warmoeba (i. KifSiZe, 1914, $105, $32, $37, $128). cnobilia, rom megruli (da lazuric, romelic amJerad ar gvainteresebs) ma- aris kanonzomieri SesatKvisi qarTuli me- prefifqsisa, amasTanave, gamoiKeneba sxvadasxva sufiqsebis TanxlebiT. `qarTvelur enaTa etimologiur leqsikonSi" gaanalizebulia aseTi tipuri modelebi: ma-yval-i `mewveli", ma-bir-e `momGerali", ma-gor-u `mZebneli", ma-yirxol-i `mercxali; moyikyike Citi", ma-xar-ia `maxarebeli", ma-jir-a `meore"... ma-ginZ-a (TanabribiTi xarisxi), ma-Sxv-a `simsxo", ma-ykol-a `iseTive myle, rogorc...", ma-rCx-a `meCxeri", ma-rZgvan-i `marJvena" ma-JerGv-ia `mravalZarGva", ma-luG-ia `meleGve", ma-nwifur-e (lazuri sitKvaa) `ciKvi" da sxv. (h. fenrixi, z. sarJvelaZe, 1990). saTanado masalaze dakvirvebam gamoavlina, rom ma- prefiqss (Cveulebriv, -ia, -aia sufiqsebTan erTad) aqvs iseTi daniSnuleba, romelic Jer araa aGniSnuli samecniero literaturaSi. kerZod, igi gamoxatavs m s g a v s e b a s , n a i r o b a s : sxvanairad rom vTqvaT, ma- prefiqsi mianiSnebs, rom warmoqmnili saxeliT aGniSnuli sagani raime niSniT hgavs amosavali fuZiT aGniSnul sagans, magram is ar aris: Z G a b i qaliSvilia, ma- Z G a b - a i a ki aris 13-15 wlis mozardi gogona, olmelic ukve qaliSvilobs, Tavs zrdadasrulebulad warmoaCens, gasaTxovari qaliSvilis manerebs iCemebs...b o S i biyia, Cveulebriv, zrdadasrulebuli, sacolo. m a - b o S - a i a ki Jer mozardia, 15-16 wlisaa mxolod, magram asakiT ufros biyebs baZavs. aGmoCnda, rom ma-ia (-aia) cirkumfiqsis unari, gamoxatos saxelsadebi sagnis mimsgavseba (raime niSniT) meore sagnisadmi, arc Tu iSviaTadaa gamoKenebuli mcenareTa Tu cxovelTa aGmniSvneli sazogado saxelebis sawarmoeblad (amgvar saxelebSi ma- prefiqss i. KifSiZec gamoKofs, magram mis funqciaze arafers ambobs). saanalizo masala amoGebuli gvaqvs a. maKaSvilis `botanikuri leqsikonidan" (Tb., 1991) da i. KifSiZis leqsikonidan, an mopovebulia Cven mier xandazmuli megrelebis gamokiTxvis gziT. 1. g v i m r a uKvavilo sporovani mcenarea, xolo g v i m r u y a _ dabali tanis gvimra (qegl, II). zemoimerulSi g v i m r a y a gvimris msgavsi mcenarea (`sitKvis kona"). gvimras megrulSi g v i m a r a ewodeba, xolo im semantikas, rasac Seicavs zemoT dasaxelebuli gvimruya da gvimraya, gamoxatavs m a g v i m a r a i a . `botanikur leqsikonSi" qarTuli C a d u n a sitKvis megrul sinonimebad dasaxelebulia lagvimoria, lagumaria, magvimaraia. i. KifSiZe imowmebs magvimaria, lagvimoria formebs. amaTgan ufro gavrcelebulia m a g v i m a r a i a , romelsac ase ganmartaven: `gvimra maGalia, izrdeba mSral ewer-niadagebSi. magvimaria mas hgavs, magram ufro dabali da moSavoa, yaobispirze xarobs". qarTul gvimr- fuZes megrulSi SeesatKviseba g v i m o r - (h. fenrixi, z. sarJvelaZe, 1990, gv. 80), rac kidec Cans lagvimoria variantSi. megrulSi i s i r i qarTuli i s l i sitKvis zusti SesatKvisia. svanurSi da gurulSi

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ma- prefiqsis erTi funqciisaTvis megrulSi

i s r i forma megrulidanaa nasesxebi (h. fenrixi, z. sarJvelaZe, 1990). zugdidur-samurzaKanoul kilokavSi upiratesad i s ˆ r i variantia gavrcelebuli. saqarTveloSi islis 90-mde saxeoba gvxvdeba (qse, t. 5). amasTanave, kolxeTis dablobSi xarobs islis msgavsi, magram masze dabali mcenare, romelsac zogan x a i a s , zogan kidev m a i s i r a i a s uwodeben. aSkaraa, rom ma- prefiqsiT (da -aia sufiqsiT) warmoqmnili sitKva aqac gamoxatavs mimsgavsebas, nairobas: maisiraia, e.i. islisnairi, magram ara isli. k a n a f i erTwlovani kulturuli mcenarea, boykovani, maGalGeroiani. sitKvac da mcenarec Semosulia. megrulSi mas ewodeba k i f i . ayarul, gurul, da imerul dialeqtebSi gvxvdeba sitKva k a n a f u r a , romelic leqsikonebSi asea ganmartebuli: `erTgvari balaxia, Camohgavs kanafs, misi naKofi tansacmels ekvris" (qegl, IV), `kanafis msgavsi balaxia, varkanafa, orkbila; daTvis kanafi" (`sitKvis kona"). kanafis msgavs mcenares megrulSi m a - k i f - i a ewodeba (inf.: `sanam norCia, makifias vuwodebT, mere bawkariad gadaiqceva"). megrulSi am sitKvis sinonimebia: malafika, malikifa, bawkaria, uCa bawkaria. qarTul f e t v - s kanonzomierad SeesatKviseba megrul-lazuri f a t -i. megrulSi misi sinonimebia y k i d i , ykidiSykidi. fetvi sitKvis sinonimebi imerulsa da gurulSic aris yadi, yadisyadi. magram myada (imerulSi) da yada-yada (gurulSi) sxva mcenarea, balaxia. `botanikur leqsikonSic yadi (e.i. fetvi) da myada (rac balaxia) sxvadasxva rusuli da laTinuri terminebiTaa gadmocemuli. megrulSi ki mis sinonimebad dasaxelebulia m a f a t i a da m a y k i d i a . ra Tqma unda, Tu ki fati da ykidi erTi da igive mcenarea, maSin mafatiacia da maykidiac zusti sinonimebia. isini aGniSnaven fetvisnair (ykidisnair) balaxeul mcenares, romelic, informatoris ganmartebiT, dabalze izrdeba da saqoneli etaneba. c o c x i mcenarecaa da am mcenaris GeroTagan Sekruli dasagveli iaraGic. megrulSic es mcenare da misgan damzadebuli sagveli aGiniSneba erTi sitKviT _ o q r o s a l i , rac q o s u a `dagva" zmnis momavaldroiani mimGeobaa, magram gasubstantivebuli, daniSnulebis gamomxatveli. cocxi (anu cocxis sorgo) kulturuli mcenarea da iTeseba. saqarTveloSi gavrcelebulia misi veluri saxeoba, rasac c o c x a n a , c o c x o b a ewodeba da erTwliani balaxia, gavrcelebulia ezoebSi, gzis pirebze, ixmareba caxad, sawnaxelSi dasafenad da cocxad (qegl, VIII). `brtanikur leqsikonSi" cocxana, cocxoba sitKvebis megrul sinonimebad dasaxelebulia m a q o s a l a i a (agreTve mawkintia, Ce oqosle), romlisTvisac amosavalia oqosali `cocxi": oqosali→ma-oqosal-aia→maqosalaia. am SemTxvevaSic veluri mcenaris saxeli warmoqmnilia msgavsebis mixedviT, kulturuli mcenaris saxelze ma-aia cirkumfiqsis darTviT. mocvi da ZaGlKurZena KurZnis msgavsi naKofis mqone tKis mcenareebia. `botanikuri leqsikonis" mixedviT, mocvi (da misi qvesaxeobani) megrulSi aGiniSneba sitKvebiT: meliSia, baya, JaSmeliSia, meliSiaS Ja, cinKa da m a ‡ u r z e n e (amaT SeiZleba davumatoT: m e i f a ). amasTanave, megruli m a ‡ u r z e n a i a dasaxelebulia qarTuli meyeyas (erTwliani dabali sarevela mcenarea) sinonimad. aGmoCnda, rom mocvis mniSvnelobiT samegreloSi, Cveulebriv, gamoiKeneba `ma‡urZenaia". mocvis naKofi marTlac hgavs KurZnisas, misgan e.w. mocvis Gvinosac aKeneben. maKurzenaia Cans ZaGlKurZenas megrul sinonimSic `JoGoriS m a K u r z e n a i a " (Sdr.: ayaruli ZaGlKurZena, yanuri JoGor‡urZeni, svanuri muKurZenool. megrulSi sxva sinonimebic moipoveba: dixaS meliSia, GvinJa-GvinJa, uCa tKa. ix. `botanikuri leqsikoni", gv. 89). orive fitominSi ma-‡urZen-aia (//ma‡urzenaia) niSnavs KurZnisnairs, KurZnis msgavss. yinyris msgavs mcenares, romelic yinyars ki hgavs, magram masze dabalia da ar susxavs, erwo-TianeTSi asec ewodeba: ususxavi yinyari. esaa saliteraturo qarTulis y i n y r i s d e d a (//Jinyrisdeda), rac `fesuriani balaxia... Gero da foTlebi yinyrisas

ma- prefiqsis erTi funqciisaTvis megrulSi

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ugavs..." (qegl, VIII). megrulSi gamovlenili sinonimebia: yuyeleS dida, owowia, m a y u y e l a i a . es ukanaskneli sitKva swored amas niSnavs: yinyrisnairi, yinyriseburi; mcenare, romelic yinyars mohgavs. m r a v a l Z a r G v a s foTolze aqvs ZarGvebi _ wvrili xazebi. saxeldebis motivadac es garegnuli niSania aGebuli. qarTul Z a r G u Zirs kanonzomierad SeesitKveba megruli J e r G v da svanuri J a r G u (h. fenrixi, z. sarJvelaZe, gv. 429). mravalZarGvas svanurSi ewodeba ZaarGvool, maJarGol da sxv., xolo megrulSi _ maJarGvia, maJarGvalaia, maJerGvaia (`botanikuri leqsikoni", gv. 52). `etimologiur leqsikonSi" dasaxelebulia maJerGvie formac. am variantTagan metKvelebaSi ufro gavrcelebulia m a - J e r G v a i a , rac niSnavs ZirGvisnairs, ZarGviseburs. c x e n i s k b i l a TeTrKvaviliani mcenarea. megrulSi misi saxelia c x e n i S m a k i b i r a i a . aqac msgavsebaa gamoxatuli. mTxrobeli ganmartavs: `cxeniS makibiraia yaobebSi izrdeba. foToli islisas miugavs. Geros boloSi aqvs zaris formis TeTri Kvavili, romelic cxenis kbili gegoneba". zemoT gaanalizebuli megruli fitonimebi damowmebulia i. KifSiZisa da a. maKaSvilis leqsikonebSi,1qvemoT vmsJelobT im masalaze, rac Cven mieraa mopovebuli xandazmul megrelTa gamokiTxvis gziT. p r a s i kulturuli xaxvis erT-erTi saxeobaa, p r a s a n a ki tKeebsa da buCqebSi izrdeba (qse, 8). mis variantebad a. maKaSvili asaxelebs: imerulSi _ prasina, prasuna; qvemoimerulsa da gurulSi _ kataprasa, ylakvina, yanurSi _ JoGor lei da, rac Cven gansakuTrebiT gvainteresebs, megrulSi _ katapurasqia, JoGoriS niori. megrulSi Cven davafiqsireT sxva variantic: m a - p u r a s q - a i a . amosavalia p u r a s q i a `prasa". andazacaa: usure sumaria mapurasqaiS osurebelia (`daupatijebeli stumari kataprasiT gasastumrebelio"). maSasadame, mapurasqaia niSnavs prasisnairs, prasis msgavs. faqtiurad, amave Sinaarss Seicavs prasuna, prasina, prasana variantebic. cnobilia, rom qarTulSi _ ana sufiqsi saalerso-kninobiT funqciasTan erTad SeiZleba gamoxatavdes msgavsebasac: ded-ana `dedis msgavsi" (`morfemebis leqsikoni", gv. 35). q i n Z a r a qinZis msgavsi sarevela balaxia. gavrcelebulia puris naTesebSi (qegl, VII), mKrali suni aqvs. misi sinonimebia: kaxurSi _ mindvris qinZi, TuSurSi _ Kanimwvanila, ayarulSi _ ZaGlaqinZa, gurulSi _ ZaGlis qinZai (`ZaGls rom muceli astkivdeba, ZaGlaqinZas yams da morCebao, _ itKvian". ix. `sitKvis kona"). megrulSi am mcenares ewodeba m a q i n Z a i a , riTac gamoxatulia misi msgavseba qinZTan. k i n t i r i `kitri" bostneuli mcenarecaa da misi naKofic. megrulSive aGmoCnda sitKva m a k i n t i r a i a , romelsac ornaiari mniSvneloba aqvs: I. barSi makintiraia ewodeba balaxovan mcenares, romelic aprilis TveSi sxva balaxeuls daaswrebs amosvlas, izrdeba buCqad yanyrobebSi, Ziri xaxvisas miugavs, wveroze TeTri Kvavili aqvs (mTxrobelis ganmarteba). es unda iKos mcenare G v i n a , romelsac Gvinisfrad SeGebili erTi Kvavili aqvs. m a k i n t i r a i a unda darqmeoda Kvavilis forma-moKvanilobis gamo. 2. mTian samegreloSi makintiraia anu gvalaS kintiri `mTis kitri" sul sxva mcenarea. mTxrobelni ganmartaven: `foTlebi kitrisas miugavs. aqvs cera TiTisxela naKofi, romelic iymeva kidec". am Sinaarsisa aGmoCnda qarTulSi sitKva k i t r a n a , romelic mravalwliani veluri mcenarea, isxams kitris msgavs patara naKofs, gavrcelebulia mSralsa da xriok adgilebSi (qegl, IV). megrulSi m a k i n t i r a i a s orive mniSvnelobisaTvis amosavalia k i n t i r i : erT SemTxvevaSi nominacias safuZvlad udevs Kvavilis formis, xolo meore SemTxvevaSi foTlebisa da naKofis mixedviT msgavseba. m a q o b a l a i a qobalis (e.i. puris, xorblis) msgavsi veluri mcenarea, m a q o n d a r a i a c qondars hgavs formiTa da suniT. qondrissuniani foTlebis mqone balaxovan mcena1

i. KifSiZisa da a. maKaSvilis leqsikonebSi ma- TavsarTiani sxva sitKvebicaa dasaxelebuli, magram aq maT ar vexebiT.

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res qarTulSi onyo ewodeba (Sdr.: imeruli _ tKis qondari, rayuli _ qondara, svanuri _ mˆqondrool. ix. `botanikuri leqsikoni", gv. 5; qegl, VI). ma- prefiqsi gvxvdeba frinvelTa da cxovelTa saxelebSic. mTxrobelTagan CaviwereT Semdegi sitKvebi da maTi ganmartebani: maxaslaia (wKlis xoyoa, gverdulad moZraobs), mafatia (frinvelia. fetvs etaneba), masaqela (frinvelia. saqua `kudis qanqari"), maqiqile (CrCili. qiqilua `daCrCilva"), mabondGaia, mawˆrGia, maqˆria, majvabraia. amJerad Cven gvainteresebs ori ukanaskneli sitKva. m a q ˆ r i a aris qoris msgavsi frinveli, zogi informatoris azriT, igive mimino. amosavali fuZea qˆri `qori". (inf.: `maqˆria qoris nabuSaria"). m a j v a b a i a `Gamis frinvelia, yreli, didfrTebiani" (inf.). j v a b u gombeSoa. riTi SeiZleba hgavdes frinveli gombeSos? Turme imiT, rom iZaxis: `Kvap, Kvap..." daskvna pirveli: megrulSi ma- prefiqsis (-ia, -aia, an -e sufiqsis TanxlebiT) erTerTi ZiriTadi funqciaa mcenareTa da cxovelTa saxeldeba amosavali fuZiT gamoxatul saganTan raime niSnis mixedviT msgavsebis safuZvelze. Cveulebriv, amosavali fuZiT aGniSnulia mcenaris an cxovel-frinvelis saxeoba, xolo misgan warmoqmnili saxeliT _ misi qvesaxeoba. saliteraturo qarTulsa da mis dialeqtebSi aGmoCnda m a g v i m a r a i a s analogiuri semantikuri da morfologiur-semantikuri modelebi. semantikur modelSi vgulisxmobT -ana, -ina, -una, -ura, -aya, -uya sufiqsian saxelebs (kitr-ana, pras-ana, pras-una, kanafura, gvimr-aya, gvimr-uya), sadac saxeldebis safuZvelia msgavseba. am mizniT qarTulSi -a sufiqsic gamoiKeneba. `msgavseba SeiZleba iKos formis, moKvanilobis an sxva raime niSnis mixedviT" (a. SaniZe, 1973, gv. 126). isicaa cnobili, rom xmabaZvaze agebuli -a sufiqsiani sitKvebis erTi nawili faunis (frinvelTa, cxovelTa, mwerTa) aGmniSvneli saxelebia. maTgan zogi samecniero terminadaa qceuli, zogic dialeqtur erTeulad dasturdeba (S. afridoniZe, 1993, gv. 98). saerTod, a-s SesaZlebloba, warmoqmnas qoneba-msgavsebaTvisebis aGmniSvneli saxelebi, aqtiuradaa gamoKenebuli samecniero terminologiaSi, kerZod, memcenareobis, mefrinveleobis, entomologiisa da iqTiologiis terminebis Sesaqmnelad (i. Jibuti, 1993, gv. 177-182). `botanikur leqsikonsa" da `sitKvis konaSi" aGmoCnda magvimaraias analogiuri morfologiur-semantikuri modelebi, rogoricaa: monaZua (rayulSi, leCxumursa da imerulSi), mopitnao (rayulSi), moyarxlue, moifnie, moSqerue (leCxumurSi), mopuro, mokudo (qarTlurSi). saqarTveloSi gavrcelebul pitnis saxeobaTagan mxolod baGis pitnaa kulturuli mcenare, xolo ombalo, mindvris pitna, wKlis pitna tKis pitna mas hgavs suniT da tKevelad xarobs. pitnis msgavs am mcenares kaxurSi ewodeba p i t n u r a , xolo rayulSi _ mopitnao. Svita garegnulad waagavs naZvs, amitomac ayarulSi ewodeba n a Z v a b a l a x a , xolo imerulsa da leCxumurSi _ monaZua. nacarqaTama (//qaTamnacara) imiTi hgavs yarxals, rom misi foTlebi mxalad gamoiKeneba. amitomac darqmevia mas leCxumurSi m o y a r x l u e . ifani xea, xolo i f n u r a mravalwlovani balaxovani mcenarea. cxadia, es xalxuri termini warmoqmnilia raGac niSnis mixedviT mimsgavsebis safuZvelze. leCxumurSi ifnuras sinonimia m o i f n i e (//meifunia), e.i. ifnis msgavsi, ifnisnaiari. qarTulSi, kerZod qsnis xeobis metKvelebaSi, dafiqsirebulia m o k u d o `erTgvari balaxeuli mcenare" da m o p u r o `mcenarea erTgvari" (ix. `sitKvis kona", gv. 373, 377). gansazGvreba Zalze zogadia da daaxloebiTac ver mianiSnebs, mainc ra mcenarezea saubari. Cveni azriT, mokudo is mcenarea, romelic isxams kunelis msgavs naKofs da hgavs imerul k u d o s , gurul k v i d o s , rayul da leCxumur _ k v i d o l a s . eyvi araa, m o p u r o raGac niSniT hgavs purs (xorbals); es unda iKos ampura (var. mapura), romlis

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dialeqtur sinonimebSi `pur" fuZec monawileobs: purada, purisgula, purgula, sapure, (mTiulurSi), sampura (xevsurulSi), puriscoma (mesxurSi). ampura buCqovani mcenarea, isxams xendros msgavs naKofs, rac iymeva. maSasadame, m o p u r o imiT hgavs purs, rom saymelad vargisia. daskvna meore: saliteraturo qarTulsa da mis dialeqtebSi moipoveba megrulSi gavrcelebuli ma- prefiqsiani msgavsebis gamomxatveli fitonimebis semantikuri (-ana, ina, -una, -ura, -aya, -uya sufiqsiani) da morfologiur-semantikuri (mo- prefiqsiani) modelebi. mopitnao tipis warmoebisaTvis semantikurad da morfologurad amosavali Cans zedsarTavi saxelis odnaobiTi xarisxis formis warmoeba.1 qegl-Si 40-mde odnaobiTi xarisxis formaa dasaxelebuli. maTi tipuri ganmartebani aseTia: mobeco `odnav beci", mogrZo odnav grZeli, rasac sigrZe etKoba", moliberalo `SexedulebiT liberalebTan axlos mdgomi"... aseve SegveZlo gveTqva, rom m o p i t n a o aris `odnav pitna, TiTqmis pitna, cotaTi pitna, pitnasaTan axlos mdgomi, pitnis msgavsi, pitnisnairi. Kvela am ganmartebaSi odnaobis gagebaa warmmarTveli. zustad igive iTqmis megrulSi msgavsebis gamomxatveli ma- prefiqsiani saxelebis Sesaxebac: m a g v i m a r a i a aris cotaTi gvimra, TiTqmis gvimra, kinaGam gvimra, gvimris msgavsi, gvimrasTan axlos mdgomi... saTanado Sinaarsis zmniT gamoxatva rom SeiZlebodes, vitKodiT: magvimaraia aris mcenare, romelic waigvimrebs. ra Tqma unda, megrulis ma- prefiqsi ar aris odnaobiTis gamomxatveli mo- prefiqsis fonetikuri SesatKvisi.2 qarTulSi mopitnao tipis warmoebisaTvis gamoKenebul iqna odnaobiTi xarisxis mawarmoebeli mo-o prefiqs-sufiqsi. megrulma ki msgavsebis gamoxatva daakisra TanabrobiTi xasiaTis mawarmoebel ma-a cirkumfiqss, romelsac darTvia kninobiTobis aGmniSvneli -ia sufiqsi. TanabrobiTi xarisxisa da msgavsebis gamomxatvel saxelebs Soris aris gansxvavebac da msgavsebac. g a n s x v a v e b a a amosavali fuZisa da warmoqmnili saxelis mixedviT: TanabrobiTi saxeli iwarmoeba zedsarTavisagan da warmoqmnili saxelic zedsarTavia. msgavsebis gamomxatveli saxeli ki iwarmoeba arsebiTi saxelisagan da warmoqmnili sitKvac arsebiTi saxelia. m s g a v s e b a a semantikaSi: TanabrobiTi saxeli gamoxatavs Sedareba-tolobas (noSqeriS mauCa `iseTive Savi, rogorc naxSiri"), xolo msgavsebis niSniT warmoqmnili saxeli _ Sedareba-kninobas (magvimaraias `iseTive, rogoric gvimra, daaxloebiT gvimra"), odnaobas, miaxloebulobas. maSasadame, -aia rTuli sufiqsia: Tavkiduri -a TanabrobiTi xasiaTis mawarmoebeli ma- prefiqsis mewKvilea, xolo -ia kninobiTobis maCvenebelia qarTulSic da megrulSic. savaraudoa, rom -ia sufiqsis am funqciiT gamoKenebaSi da ma-aia cirkumfiqsis TavisTavad morfologiur formantad CamoKalibebaSi garkveuli roli Seasrula ma-xar-ia tipis mimGeoburma warmoebam (l. nadareiSvili, 1962). daskvna mesame: msgavsebis aGmniSvneli mcenareTa da cxovelTa saxelebis mawarmoebeli ma-aia cirkumfiqsi CamoKalibebulia TanabrobiTi xarisxis mawarmoebeli ma-a cirkumfiqsisa da kninobiTobis -ia sufiqsis SeerTebiTa da m a x a r i a tipis warmoebasTan misi kontaminaciis gziT (SemTxveviTi araa, rom zog SemTxvevaSi ma- prefiqss oden -ia sufiqsi axlavs). 1

qarTulSi mo- zmniswini sxva ZiriTad funqciebTan erTad, `zmnas aZlevs odnaobiTobis, zerelobis gagebas: mo-

rbildeba, mo-mwardeba.. mo-iZunwebs, mo-isustebs... mo- aqedan unda iKos gadasuli odnaobiTis formebSi: mo-dido, mosusto (`morfemebis leqsikoni", gv. 302). 2

Zvel qarTulSi odnaobiT xarisxs awarmoebda mo-e: megruli SesatKvisi unda KofiliKo mo-a, ramac umlautis gziT

mogvca mo-e: mo-uC-e `moSavo~, mo-rC-e `moTeTro", mo-ginZ-e `mogrZo"... (h. fenrixi, z. sarJvelaZe, gv. 221).

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ma- prefiqsis erTi funqciisaTvis megrulSi

damowmebuli literatura da Semoklebani S . a f r i d o n i Z e , 1993: xmabaZviTi zmnebis struqturisa da marTlweris sakiTxebi qarTulSi. qsks, wigni meaTe, Tb. botanikuri leqsikoni: a. maKaSvili, botanikuri leqsikoni, Tb., 1991. morfemebis leqsikoni: b. JorbenaZe, m. kobiZe, m. beriZe, qarTuli enis morfemebisa da modaluri elementebis leqsikoni, Tb., 1988. qegl: qarTuli enis ganmartebiTi leqsikoni, t. I-VIII. arn. Ciqobavas saerTo redaqciiT. qse: qarTuli sabyoTa enciklopedia, 1-11, Tb., 1975-1987. h. f e n r i x i , z. s a r J v e l a Z e , 1990: qarTvelur enaTa etimologiuri leqsikoni, Tb. i . K i f S i Z e , 1914: megruli (iberiuli) enis gramatika qrestomaTiiTa da leqsikoniT, sanqt-peterburgi (rusul enaze). a . S a n i Z e , 1973: qarTuli enis gramatikis safuZvlebi, Tb. i . J i b u t i , 1993: -ian, -ovan, -a sufiqsTa funqciisaTvis terminologiur sitKvawarmoebaSi: qsks, wigni meaTe, Tb. sitKvis kona: qarTul kolo-TqmaTa sitKvis kona, Semdgeneli al. Glonti, Tb.,1984. etimologiuri leqsikoni: ix. h. fenrixi, z. sarJvelaZe, 1990. var.: varianti inf.: informatori

T. Tskhadaia Towards one function of the Prefix "Ma" in Megrelian Summary One of the important functions of the prefix "ma" in Megrelian is the nomination of plants and animals on the basis of similarity. In addition to it, a root is the name of the similative object. For instance: Kobali "bread, corn" is a cultivated plant, but Ma-kobal-aia – aid is a cornlike plant and grows in the fields and forests; Pati is millet, but Ma-phat-ia is a milletlike grass; Gvimara is a fern, but Magvimar-aia is a fernlike plant but it is a little shorter than a fern. Kiri is a hawk, but Ma-kir-ia is a hawklike bird, but less in size than a hawk and so on. When "ma" is used in this function it is followed by the suffixes ia or aia. It has been supposed that the function of the prefix "ma-a" used with the names of plants and animals is connected with the Megrelian prefix – suffix "ma" which forms the names of equal degrees and is much older. (Shkhu "thick"→ "Mashkhv-a" as thick as"....)

ma- prefiqsis erTi funqciisaTvis megrulSi

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