Judgement: Predicate

JUDGEMENT JUDGEMENT It is the ability of the mind to form an opinion, an estimate or a wise and objective conclusion. It is a mental pronouncement. Judgement pronounces an agreement or a disagreement between ideas. It is through judgement that we come to proclaim an idea’s affirmation or denial. It is by way of judgement that a Subject is affirmed or denied by a

JUDGEMENT Example: A chicken is a bird. In this case, the Subject is “chicken” is affirmed by the Predicate. The class is the Birds Family. The agreement of the Subject and the Predicate comes from a judgement based from an understanding of the two ideas “chicken” and “bird”.

JUDGEMENT Example: This car is not new. In this case, the Subject “car” is denied of a quality by the Predicate. But there is however an agreement between the Subject and the Predicate. The agreement of the Subject and the Predicate comes from judgement based from an understanding of the two ideas “car” and “not new car”. The Subject is however denied of a quality.

JUDGEMENT How do we arrive at a judgement? In the pronouncement of a judgement there are these things considered: 5.An understanding of the concepts perceived by the intellect or mind.

or

ideas

7.A mental comparison between the two ideas. 3. A mental proclamation of a judgement of agreement or disagreement between these ideas compared and perceived from facts or reality.

JUDGEMENT Reality will provide the mind the tool in rendering the judgement true or false. Therefore, the judgement of the Proposition’s agreement or disagreement as pronounced by the mind will be affirmed or denied by

JUDGEMENT PROPOSITION – is an expression of judgement of agreement and disagreement between ideas whether or not it is an affirmation or a denial. It expresses the pronouncement of an affirmation or a denial of the agreement or disagreement of the Subject and the Predicate based from a judgement made by the mind. It may be something that is stated for the purposed of discussion or something to be dealt-with as a statement of fact and or truth. Can be affirmative or negative.

JUDGEMENT Example: Anya is very good in reasoning. This proposition affirms that the Subject “ANYA” is very good in a particular endeavour or field. The subject “ANYA” is affirmed by the Predicate “very good in reasoning”. It is affirmed of a quality by the predicate. The proposition “Anya is very good in reasoning” is an affirmative proposition. The linking verb “IS” is an indication of an affirmative pronouncement of judgement.

JUDGEMENT SENTENCE – is a word or a group of words expressing a complete thought. Most sentences contain a Subject and a Predicate. Examples: Run! Kaz is a baby. Why were you late? How are you today? Those girls are playing. A cat is an animal. These people are good boys. She sings very well. Mr. Zaido played chess. They have not eaten yet. I always read books. I am a pretty girl.

JUDGEMENT STATEMENT – is a declaration or assertion of an argument or a sentence. It is also a sentence or vice versa. Examples: He is stronger than I. He walked. How many eggs did you eat? This beer is as cold as ice. God is the creator of heaven and earth. She who sings well prays twice – St. Augustine How old are you? She is there.

JUDGEMENT

How do we distinguish a sentence from a proposition? Propositions are sentences or statements. But not all sentences/statements are propositions.

JUDGEMENT Examples: Leave! In this case, the imperative word “Leave!” is a complete sentence expressing a complete thought but it is not a proposition. The word or sentence “Leave!” does not affirm or deny anything. A proposition denies or affirms something. Therefore, the statement “Leave!” is not a proposition since it neither affirms nor denies anything.

JUDGEMENT Ouch! The word “Ouch!” is an expression. It is an exclamatory sentence but it is not a proposition. It expresses a complete thought but it neither affirms nor denies something. A proposition always affirms or denies something. But the exclamatory statement “Ouch!” neither affirms nor denies something. Therefore “Ouch!” is not a proposition.

JUDGEMENT Several birds are chirping. This sentence is a proposition. It affirms an action. The subject “Several birds” is affirmed of an action by the predicate “are chirping”.

JUDGEMENT Other examples of propositions: 1. Man is a rational animal. 2. All dogs are animals. 3. Some Filipinos live in Malaysia. 4. Some Filipinos died from tsunami in Thailand. 5. Not all people listen to their goodwill and conscience. 6. Manny “Pacman” Pacquiao is as hungry as a hunter. 7. Some men are poor managers.

JUDGEMENT LOGICAL STRUCTURE OF PROPOSITION A proposition proclaims the agreement and disagreement of the Subject + Copula(verb in English subject) + Predicate. It declares affirmation or a denial. It proposes a positive or a negative assertion.

JUDGEMENT Example: He is a dog. There is an affirmation by the Predicate but there is a disagreement between the two ideas “He” and “Dog” in reality. There is an agreement between the Subject and the Predicate linked by a Copula. However, reality may deny such agreement proclaimed by the mind. The mind, in its judgement, proclaims the agreement or disagreement perceived, and that comparison between the two ideas is either affirmed or denied. “He” may be referred to a man. While “Dog” constitutes an animal, without reason and IS NOT A MAN. Therefore, there is a disagreement in the comparison of the two ideas. “He” and the “Dog” are two different ideas belonging to different sub-classes.

JUDGEMENT TRUTH – is the conformity of an idea to reality. It is the actual and real state of matter perceived by the senses. Therefore, the correspondence of an idea to the actual matter or reality is Truth. FALSITY – is the non-conformity of an idea to reality. It is the non-correspondence of an idea to actual matter and reality. If the judgement of the mind does not agree or conform to actual matter and reality it is false.