Ibn Khaldun.pptx

O Full name: Walī al-Dīn ʿAbd al-Raḥmān ibn

Muḥammad ibn Muḥammad ibn Abī Bakr Muḥammad ibn al-Ḥasan Ibn Khaldūn. O DOB: May 27, 1332, Tunis-Tunisia. O Died March 17, 1406, Cairo, Egypt.

O Since he was living in an educational and political

culture as his grandfather was great politician who held high positions in political sector. O Started his education by memorizing the Quran,

and hadith. O He studied Arabic language, physics, mathematics,

logic and philosophy in Tunisia which was the center of learning at the time in north Africa.

O At the age of 18, he lost his parents due to the

attack of “kusta” thus he immigrate to Morocco. O Ibnu Khaldun studied about the scholars who had

moved to Morocco from Andalusia and Tunisia. O Arab world was divided into two part which are

west and east, but they were bonding due to the same language and the knowledge of literature. O It is the reason why people know Ibn Khaldun as

he is very good in his writing for example: O Al- Muqqadimah.

O A preacher in Qasaba Mosque. O Judge in Maliki school. O A gabenor known as wali

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Ibnu Khaldun discouraged the method of teaching which did not provide any opportunity to the students to interpret lessons and solve problems on their own.



The traditional method of teaching was just emphasizing on the memorization of notes and interpretations which were made by others.

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In his opinion the students had become just the passive listeners and that the methods of teaching did not motivate their learning and discouraged their

participation in discussions.

 Ibnu Khaldun was very sad about the teachers who ignored

the methods of teaching and did not focus on the actual

method of teaching the students. They started the lesson from complex to simple and mixed up the advance knowledge with elementary.

 Ibnu Khaldun’s opinion that the best and easiest way of

gaining the ability to effective learning is t participate in discussions over problems and also finding their solution.

 He also said that the subject should be taught according to

the level of students’ ability and capacity.

STAGE 1 INTRODUCTION

THE PROCESS OF TEACHING STAGE 3 RECAP

STAGE 2 DEVELOPMENT

 A teacher and student should be based upon love and understanding.

 Torture, whether by parents or teachers injure the mental faculties of the child which leads to the destruction of child’s personality development

DISCIPLINE

 Teacher should act as a parent towards the student and avoid harsh and cruel punishments

Criticized the books of that time which were referred to as the textbooks and reference books

Too much explanation is very harmful and difficult for the students

Emphasizes on the learning of language as it helps to study different subjects and also mathematics as it sharpens the mental power and increases the power of reasoning.

Religion instruction should be the corner stone of the curriculum as it helps in formation of the good character and habits.

1. Education is the key imperative for human development. 2. Viewed of case of education and children’s upbringing form a social thinker’s perspective. 3. Integrated education program with behaviour ones in a way that all sciences become a combination of both. INDIVIDUAL MANNER

INDIVIDUAL MIND

STAGE OF TRASITION

4.Ibn Khaldun started by dividing sciences into two categories : Realized by Instinct

5.Introduce intellectual science : O O O O

Logic Physics Metaphysics Measurement

Acquired through Education

6. Ibn khaldun classified education and children’s upbringing into three different types : I. II. III.

The Psychological information The historical information The practical instruction

7. Did not limit his realistic observation to individual only, but he studied the psychological effect of groups and societies especially in some conditions as ’Asabiyah’, wars, teaching, and learning.

8. Several principles that served as guidelines to education: a) Education should be taken gradually in order to be useful. b)

A student, who specializes in a specific science efficiently, will be ready to learn another easily.

c)

The process of education should be done permanently and within fixed periods so that children would not forget what they had learned.

d) Different sciences must be taught at different

times. e) Being hard with student would lead to negative

result. f)

Travelling in order to seek knowledge, education and to meet with scholars.

g) Basic science such as Shari’a, Tafsir, Hadith, Fiqh,

Physics and Theology.

9.Emphasised that the aim of education was not to have specialist in limited or narrow subjects 10.Education was characterized by absence of regulations.

 Teacher should be professional.  Teacher should know their student’s psychology

and their brain capacity.  The crucial that a teacher should have :  Avoid cruelty in teaching session.

 Observe capability of the student.

Ibn Khaldun Education View

Ilmu Naqliyyah

Ilmu’ Aqliyyah

 Divide Islamic knowledge into two categories: 1.

ILMU NAQLIYYAH O

2.

The knowledge of Shari’a revealed such as Faith, Worship and Morals.

ILMU ‘AQLIYYAH O

The knowledge resulting from thinking process. O

For example : Observation and research on environments.

 Children have been taught according to the stages

depending on their level of development.  Children should not been burdened of the things

that are beyond their capacity.  The time consuming during learning session should

be short but meaningful to the children.

 Children should be loved, not be punished.  Children should been taught to learn Qu’ran

before they memorize the Qu’ran.  Language is the basic to all children in learning

session.

O Ibn Khaldun emphasizes of treating O

O O

O

students in the correct ways. Ibn Khaldun emphasizes the important of language in education. Participation of students and students' ability to think are very important. Education does not only focus in individuals but also groups of people. Religion instructions is important to shape good behavior of students.