Flat Earth Koran 08 Of 13 - The Hadith

The Flat Earth Koran 08 of 13 - The Hadith

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An interpretation of the Cosmology of the Hadith & a critique of Islamic Fundamentalism

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Introduction 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7.

The Hadith are the records of the words and deeds of the Prophet Mohammed. Although of secondary importance to the Koran, they are considered an essential supplement and guide to interpreting the Koran. There is much disagreement among Muslims about the authenticity of many Hadith. Sunni Islam recognises a canon of six Hadith collections as authentic. While the Koran is said to have been written down between AD645-50, the Sunni Hadith Canon is much later.(Perhaps as late as AD 900 in its final form) The Hadith are useful s they give us an idea of how Mohammed interpreted the Koran. Even a weak or fabricated Hadith gives an insight into how early Muslims interpreted the Koran.

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The Sunni Hadith Canon Collection

Collector

 

 

Al-Bukhari

Sahih al-Bukhari (AD810-870)

7725

Sahih Muslim

Muslim ibn al-Hajjaj (AD821-875)

9200

Sunan Abi Dawood

Abu Da'ud (AD817-888)

4800

Sunan al-Tirmidhi

Al-Tirmidhi AD (824-892)

Al-Sunan al-Sughra

Al-Nasa'I (AD829-915)

5720

Sunan ibn Maja

Ibn Maja (AD824-887)

4000

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Sahih al-Bukhari (AD810-870)  The Al-Bukhari Hadith collection and those of his student Sahih Muslim are considered to be the most reliable Hadith. The Koran is believed to be literally Gods word, but the Hadith are considered to be divinely inspired works of men.This is similar to the Christian concept of Divine inspiration for the Bible. 17th April 209

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Hadith Online 1 of 2

Hadith collections may be accessed by going to this Website at the address given at the bottom of the page.

http://www.usc.edu/schools/college/crcc/engagement/resources/texts/muslim/hadith/ 17th April 209

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Hadith Online 2 of 2

Further Hadith may be found here http://www.hadithcollection.com/index.php?option=com_content&view=section&id=8&Itemid=58 17th April 209

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Cosmology of the Hadith How Mohammed is said to have interpreted the Koran

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Cosmology of the Koran

In the previous seven Presentations in this series It was suggested that the Koran assumes a Universe such as the one shown in the picture on the left. The Hadith agrees with this. 17th April 209

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Cosmology of the Koran 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7.

According to the Koran, the Sun is just a little light in the Sky which moves above a Flat Stationary Earth The Moon is also a little light that is of similar size to the sun and which is about the same distance away as the Sun. Heaven is a place up above us in the Sky where good Muslims go when they die.It has seven levels above each other. Heaven is above the solid Sky Dome and entered through gates in the Sky. Hell is an underground place of fire below us. It is where non Muslims and bad Muslims go after death. The Flat Earth sits in a vast Cosmic ocean that has probably always existed. The Hadith agrees with this.This suggests that Mohammed probably believed in a Flat Earth and interpreted the Koran in this way. 17th April 209

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Cosmology of the Hadith How Mohammed is said to have interpreted the Koran and how the Hadith assumes a Flat Earth.

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1.

Mohammed stops the Sun from setting Al-Bukhari Volume 4 Book 53 Number 353

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Mohammed stops the Sun from setting In this story, Mohammed prevents the Sun from setting in order for there to be enough daylight for him to win a battle. This suggests that the Sun normally moves around the Earth just like the moon does & that the Earth is stationary in the centre of the Universe

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Mohammed stops the Sun from setting Volume 4, Book 53, Number 353: Narrated Abu Huraira: The Prophet said, "A prophet amongst the prophets carried out a holy military expedition, so he said to his followers, 'Anyone who has married a woman and wants to consummate the marriage, and has not done so yet, should not accompany me; nor should a man who has built a house but has not completed its roof; nor a man who has sheep or she camels and is waiting for the birth of their young ones.' So, the prophet carried out the expedition and when he reached that town at the time or nearly at the time of the 'Asr prayer, he said to the sun, 'O sun! You are under Allah's Order and I am under Allah's Order O Allah! Stop it (i.e. the sun) from setting.' It was stopped till Allah made him victorious.

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Mohammed stops the Sun from setting 1.

2.

3.

4.

In this Hadith, Mohammed orders the Sun to stop moving.He does not order the Earth to stop rotating.This implies that the Sun normally moves around a stationary Earth, which is not true. Such an event is impossible.If the Earth stopped rotating and then restarted, this would destroy all life on Earth.The kinetic energy of the rotating Earth would be converted to heat and raise temperatures by 100 Degrees Kelvin. Even if some sort of miracle occurred, and the Earth stopped rotating and later restarted, everyone on Earth would notice this.There is no record anywhere of such an event in the C7th AD. The only reasonable conclusion is that the events described in this Hadith could not have occurred and that they did not occur. 17th April 209

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2.

The Sun will move to within a mile of the Earth on Judgement Day Sahih Muslim Book 040 Number 6852 Al-Bukhari Volume 2 Book 24 Number 553

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Islamic Judgement Day Everyone who has ever lived queues up to be judged.

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The Sun will move to within a mile of the Earth The Hadith also say that on Judgement Day, the Sun will move very close to the Earth, possibly to within a mile. This suggests that the Sun moves around a stationary Earth and it indicates a belief that the Sun is just a little light in the Sky.

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The Sun will move to within a mile of the Earth (Sahih Muslim) Book 040, Number 6852: Miqdad b. Aswad reported: I heard Allah's Messenger (may peace he upon him) as saying: On the Day of Resurrection, the sun would draw so close to the people that there would be left only a distance of one mile. Sulaim b. Amir said: By Allah, I do not know whether he meant by "mile" the mile of the (material) earth or an instrument used for applying collyrium to the eye. (The Holy Prophet is, however, reported to have said): The people would be submerged in perspiration according to their deeds, some up to their. knees, Some up to the waist and some would have the bridle of perspiration and, while saying this, Allah's Apostle (may peace be upon him) pointed his hand towards his mouth. 17th April 209

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The Sun will move very close the Earth (Al-Bukhari) Volume 2, Book 24, Number 553: Narrated 'Abdullah bin 'Umar The Prophet said, "A man keeps on asking others for something till he comes on the Day of Resurrection without any piece of flesh on his face." The Prophet added, "On the Day of Resurrection, the Sun will come near (to, the people) to such an extent that the sweat will reach up to the middle of the ears, so, when all the people are in that state, they will ask Adam for help, and then Moses, and then Muhammad (p.b.u.h) ." The sub-narrator added "Muhammad will intercede with Allah to judge amongst the people. He will proceed on till he will hold the ring of the door (of Paradise) and then Allah will exalt him to Maqam Mahmud (the privilege of intercession, etc.). And all the people of the gathering will send their praises to Allah. 17th April 209

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The Earth and the Sun The reality

Earth

Mohammed seems to have been unaware of how big the Sun really is and that it does not move. Earth would be vaporised long before it was within a mile of the Sun

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The Sun moving close to Earth as envisaged in the Hadith In the Hadith & the Koran, the Sun is thought to be just a little light in the Sky which can easily move about.

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3. The Sun will rise from the West Al-Bukhari Volume 8 Book 76 Number 513 Al-Bukhari Volume 9 Book 93 Number 520 Sahih Muslim Book 041 Number 6931 Sahih Muslim Book 041 Number 7025

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The Sun will rise from the West (Al-Bukhari ) Volume 8, Book 76, Number 513: Narrated Abu Huraira: Allah's Apostle said, "The Hour will not be established till the sun rises from the west, and when it rises (from the west) and the people see it, then all of them will believe (in Allah). But that will be the time when 'No good it will do to a soul to believe then. If it believed not before."' (6.158)

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The Sun will rise from the West (Al-Bukhari ) Volume 9, Book 93, Number 520: Narrated Abu Dharr: I entered the mosque while Allah's Apostle was sitting there. When the sun had set, the Prophet said, "O Abu Dharr! Do you know where this (sun) goes?" I said, "Allah and His Apostle know best." He said, "It goes and asks permission to prostrate, and it is allowed, and (one day) it, as if being ordered to return whence it came, then it will rise from the west." Then the Prophet recited, "That: "And the sun runs on its fixed course (for a term decreed)," (36.38) as it is recited by 'Abdullah

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The Sun will rise from the West (Sahih Muslim ) Book 041, Number 6931: Hudhaifa b. Usaid Ghifari reported: Allah's Messenger (may peace be upon him) came to us all of a sudden as we were (busy in a discussion). He said: What do you discuss about? They (the Companions) said. We are discussing about the Last Hour. Thereupon he said: It will not cone until you see ten signs before and (in this connection) he made a mention of the smoke, Dajjal, the beast, the rising of the sun from the west, the descent of Jesus son of Mary (Allah be pleased with him), the Gog and Magog, and land-slidings in three places, one in the east, one in the west and one in Arabia at the end of which fire would burn forth from the Yemen, and would drive people to the place of their assembly. 17th April 209

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The Sun will rise from the West (Sahih Muslim ) Book 041, Number 7025: Abdullah b. 'Amr reported: I committed to memory a hadith from Allah's Messenger (may peace be upon him) and I did not forget it after I had heard Allah's Messenger (may peace be upon him) as saying: The first sign (nut of the signs of the appearance of the Dajjal) would be the appearance of the sun from the west, the appearance of the beast before the people in the forenoon and which of the two happens first, the second one would follow immediately after that.

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Literal Sunrise in the West

When the Hadith speaks of the Sun rising and setting, it means this literally and not figuratively. The Hadith is said to be inspired by God. God would have known that Geocentric Cosmology was not true.

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Sunrise from the West The only way for the Sun to appear to rise in the West if for the Earth to stop rotating and then begin rotating in the opposite direction. Before Copernicus & Galileo, everyone including the author of the Koran interpreted Sunrise and Sunset literally. This included Prophets of Islam. The Koran makes no reference to the Earths rotation which is unknown in its verses. 17th April 209

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Copernicus & Galileo contradicted the Hadith & Koran as well as the Bible “The Bible shows how to go to Heaven, but not how the Heavens go” - Galileo

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Sunrise in the West 1. 2. 3. 4. 5.

This Hadith refers to the literal movement of the Sun.In reality the Sun does not move. This implies a belief in a stationary Earth and a moving Sun. Sunrise in the West implies that the Earth changes its direction of rotation. As mentioned earlier, the Earth would heat up by 100 degrees Kelvin destroying all life on Earth including those who were newly resurrected. This story shows that the authors of this Hadith did not know that the Earth was a spherical Planet that rotated and which was in orbit around the Sun.

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Sunrise in the West as envisaged in the Hadith In the Hadith & the Koran, the Sun is thought to be just a little light in the Sky which can rise in either East or West as required.

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4.

Where does the Sun go at night? Al-Bukhari Volume 4 Book 54 Number 421 Al-Bukhari Volume 9 Book 93 Number 528 Sahih Muslim Book 001 Number 0297 Sahih Muslim Book 001 Number 299-300

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Sunset according to the Koran

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Where does the Sun go at night? (Al-Bukhari) Volume 4, Book 54, Number 421: Narrated Abu Dhar: The Prophet asked me at sunset, "Do you know where the sun goes (at the time of sunset)?" I replied, "Allah and His Apostle know better." He said, "It goes (i.e. travels) till it prostrates Itself underneath the Throne and takes the permission to rise again, and it is permitted and then (a time will come when) it will be about to prostrate itself but its prostration will not be accepted, and it will ask permission to go on its course but it will not be permitted, but it will be ordered to return whence it has come and so it will rise in the west. And that is the interpretation of the Statement of Allah: "And the sun runs its fixed course For a term (decreed). that is The Decree of (Allah) The Exalted in Might, The All-Knowing." (36.38)  17th April 209

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Where does the Sun go at night? (Al-Bukhari) Volume 9, Book 93, Number 528: Narrated Abu Dharr: I asked the Prophet regarding the Verse:--'And the sun runs on its fixed course for a term decreed for it.' (36.28) He said, "Its fixed course is underneath Allah's Throne."

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Where does the Sun go at night? (Sahih Muslim) Book 001, Number 0297: It is narrated on the authority of Abu Dharr that the Messenger of Allah (may peace be upon him) one day said: Do you know where the sun goes? They replied: Allah and His Apostle know best. He (the Holy Prophet) observed: Verily it (the sun) glides till it reaches its resting place under the Throne. Then it falls prostrate and remains there until it is asked: Rise up and go to the place whence you came, and it goes back and continues emerging out from its rising place and then glides till it reaches its place of rest under the Throne and falls prostrate and remains in that state until it is asked: Rise up and return to the place whence you came, and it returns and emerges out from it rising place and the it glides (in such a normal way) that the people do not discern anything ( unusual in it) till it reaches its resting place under the Throne. Then it would be said to it: Rise up and emerge out from the place of your setting, and it will rise from the place of its setting. The Messenger of Allah (may peace be upon him) said. Do you know when it would happen? It would happen at the time when faith will not benefit one who has not previously believed or has derived no good from the faith. 17th April 209

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Where does the Sun go at night? (Sahih Muslim) Book 001, Number 0299: Abu Dharr reported: I entered the mosque and the Messenger of Allah (may peace be upon him) was sitting there. When the sun disappeared (from the sight) he said: O Abu Dharr! Do you know where it goes? He (the narrator) said: Allah and His Apostle know best. He (the Holy Prophet) said. Verily it goes and begs permission, for prostration (to Allah) and the permission is granted to it. Once it would be said: Return to the place whence you came, and then it would rise from its setting place. Then he, after the recitation of 'Abdullah recited it: And that is its appointed term. Book 001, Number 0300: Abu Dharr reported: I asked the Messenger of Allah (may peace be upon him) the (implication of the) words of Allah, the Exalted: The sun glides to its appointed resting place. He replied: Its appointed resting place is under the Throne. 17th April 209

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Allah on his throne up in Heaven

West

Earth

Where does the Sun go at night? According to the Hadith, at night, the Sun leaves the Sky and prostrates itself in its resting place beneath the throne of Allah.

East

Later on, just before dawn, it leaves and then rises in the East.

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5.

The Sun and Moon will fold up Al-Bukhari Volume 4 Book 54 Number 422

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The Sun and Moon will fold up The Hadith says that the Sun and Moon will fold up on Judgement Day. This implies that they are small flat objects such as a sheet of paper.

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The Sun and Moon will fold up (Al-Bukhari ) Volume 4, Book 54, Number 422: Narrated Abu Huraira: The Prophet said, "The sun and the moon will be folded up (deprived of their light) on the Day of Resurrection."

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6.

Eclipses have Supernatural causes

Al-Bukhari Volume 2 Book 18 Number 158 Al-Bukhari Volume 2 Book18 Number 167 Al-Bukhari Volume 4 Book 54 Number 426

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Mohammed scared by an eclipse The Hadith says that Mohammed was scared by an Eclipse as he thought it signalled Judgement Day. This suggests that Mohammed had no idea why the Sun & Moon eclipsed & that he did not understand Astronomy. 17th April 209

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God causes Eclipses in order to frighten people (Al-Bukhari ) Volume 2, Book 18, Number 158: Narrated Abu Bakra: Allah's Apostle said: "The sun and the moon are two signs amongst the signs of Allah and they do not eclipse because of the death of someone but Allah frightens His devotees with them." 

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Mohammed scared by an Eclipse (Al-Bukhari ) Volume 2, Book 18, Number 167: Narrated Abu Musa: The sun eclipsed and the Prophet got up, being afraid that it might be the Hour (i.e. Day of Judgment). He went to the Mosque and offered the prayer with the longest Qiyam, bowing and prostration that I had ever seen him doing. Then he said, "These signs which Allah sends do not occur because of the life or death of somebody, but Allah makes His worshipers afraid by them. So when you see anything thereof, proceed to remember Allah, invoke Him and ask for His forgiveness."

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Eclipses have supernatural causes (Al-Bukhari ) Volume 4, Book 54, Number 426: Narrated Abu Mas'ud: The Prophet said, "the sun and the moon do not eclipse because of the death or life of someone, but they are two signs amongst the Signs of Allah. So, if you see them, offer the Prayer (of eclipse)."

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Surah 75:5-6 The Sun & Moon will unite on the Day of Resurrection

Surah 36:40 suggests that the Sun and Moon cannot normally totally eclipse. Surah 75:5-6 suggests that there will be one exception to this on the Day of Resurrection at the End of the World.

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7.

Mohammed splits the Moon in two.

Al-Bukhari Volume 4 Book 56 Number 830-832 Sahih Muslim Volume 4 Book 39 Number 6721 Sahih Muslim Volume 4 Book 39 6724-6730

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Surah 54:1 The Moon split in two

According to the Koran the Prophet Mohammed performed a miracle around the year AD617 & split the moon in two & then joined the halves together again. Many Muslims believe that this really happened

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Surah 54:1 The Moon split in two Left: Traditional Islamic representation of the supposed miracle of the splitting of the Moon over Mecca.Mohammed (with face covered) is said to have performed this miracle in order to convince an especially stubborn group of unbelievers.

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Mohammed splits the Moon in two (Al-Bukhari ) Volume 4, Book 56, Number 830: Narrated Abdullah bin Masud: During the lifetime of the Prophet the moon was split into two parts and on that the Prophet said, "Bear witness (to thus)."  Volume 4, Book 56, Number 831: Narrated Anas: That the Meccan people requested Allah's Apostle to show them a miracle, and so he showed them the splitting of the moon. Volume 4, Book 56, Number 832: Narrated Ibn 'Abbas: The moon was split into two parts during the lifetime of the Prophet. 

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Mohammed splits the Moon in two (Sahih Muslim) Book 039, Number 6721: Abdullah said that five signs have (become things) of the past (and have proved the truth of the Holy Prophet): (Enveloping) by the smoke, inevitable (punishment to the Meccans at Badr), (the victory of) Rome, (violent) seizing (of the Meccans at Badr) and (the splitting up of) the Moon.

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Mohammed splits the Moon in two (Sahih Muslim) Book 039, Number 6724: Abu Ma'mar reported on the authority of Abdullah that the moon was split up during lifetime by Allah's Messenger (may peace be upon him) in two parts and Allah's Messenger (may peace be upon him) said: Bear testimony to this. Book 039, Number 6725: This hadith has been transmitted on the authority of Abdullah b. Mas'ud (who said): We were along with Allah's Messenger (may peace be upon him) at Mina, that moon was split up into two. One of its parts was behind the mountain and the other one was on this side of the mountain. Allah's Messenger (may peace be upon him) said to us: Bear witness to this. 17th April 209

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Mohammed splits the Moon in two (Sahih Muslim) Book 039, Number 6726: 'Abdullah b. Mas'ud reported that the moon was split up in two parts during the lifetime of Allah's Messenger (may peace be upon him). The mountain covered one of its parts and one part of it was above the mountain and Allah's Messenger (may peace be upon him) said: Bear witness to this. Book 039, Number 6728: Anas reported that the people of Mecca demanded from Allah's Messenger (may peace be upon him) that he should show them (some) signs (miracles) and he showed them in the splitting of the moon. This hadlth has been narrated on the authority of Anas through another chain of transmitters. 17th April 209

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Mohammed splits the Moon in two (Sahih Muslim) Book 039, Number 6729: Anas reported that the moon was split up in two parts and in the hadith recorded in Abu Dawud, the words are:" The moon was split up into two parts during the life of Allah's Messenger (may peace be upon him)." Book 039, Number 6730: Ibn 'Abbas reported that the moon was split up during the lifetime of Allah's Messenger (may peace he upon him).

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The Moon did not really split in two 1. Firstly, there is no actual record of anyone else on Earth seeing this supposed event. 1. Such an event would produce sufficient debris to destroy all life on Earth. 3. Such an event would cause the Moon to re-accrete and destroy all the surface features such as craters.

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8.

Heaven is a place in the Sky Al-Bukhari Volume 5 Book 58 Number 228 Al-Bukhari Volume 4 Book 54 Number 429 Al-Bukhari Volume 5 Book 58 Number 227 Al-Bukhari Volume 4 Book 54 Number 446

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Surah 17:1 Mohammed ascends to Heaven The Koran says that Mohammed ascended into Heaven on the back of a magical animal called Buraq. This suggests that Heaven is a place up in the Sky.

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7 6 5 4

Surah 17:1 Mohammed in the Seven Heavens

3 2 1

This traditional Islamic Painting Shows Mohammed visiting the seven Heavens which are up in the Sky These are portrayed as seven solid layers in the Sky where good Muslims go when they die.

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Mohammed literally ascends to Heaven from Jerusalem (Al-Bukhari ) Volume 5, Book 58, Number 228: Narrated Ibn 'Abbas: Regarding the Statement of Allah" "And We granted the vision (Ascension to the heavens) which We made you see (as an actual eye witness) was only made as a trial for the people." (17.60) Ibn Abbas added: The sights which Allah's Apostle was shown on the Night Journey when he was taken to Bait-ulMaqdis (i.e. Jerusalem) were actual sights, (not dreams). And the Cursed Tree (mentioned) in the Quran is the tree of Zaqqum (itself) . 

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Mohammed ascends to the 7 Heavens Al-Bukhari Volume 4 Book 54 Number 429 Al-Buraq, a white animal, smaller than a mule and bigger than a donkey was brought to me and I set out with Gabriel. When I reached the nearest heaven. Gabriel said to the heaven gate-keeper, 'Open the gate.' The gatekeeper asked, 'Who is it?' He said, 'Gabriel.' The gate-keeper,' Who is accompanying you?' Gabriel said, 'Muhammad.' The gate-keeper said, 'Has he been called?' Gabriel said, 'Yes.' Then it was said, 'He is welcomed. What a wonderful visit his is!' Then I met Adam and greeted him and he said, 'You are welcomed O son and a Prophet.' Then we ascended to the second heaven. It was asked, 'Who is it?' Gabriel said, 'Gabriel.' It was said, 'Who is with you?' He said, 'Muhammad' It was asked, 'Has he been sent for?' He said, 'Yes.' It was said, 'He is welcomed. What a wonderful visit his is!" Then I met Jesus and Yahya (John) who said, 'You are welcomed, O brother and a Prophet.' Then we ascended to the third heaven. It was asked, 'Who is it?' Gabriel said, 'Gabriel.' It was asked, 'Who is with you? Gabriel said, 'Muhammad.' It was asked, 'Has he been sent for?' 'Yes,' said Gabriel. 'He is welcomed. What a wonderful visit his is!' (The Prophet added:). There I met Joseph and greeted him, and he replied, 'You are welcomed, O brother and a Prophet!' (Continued on next slide) 17th April 209

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Mohammed ascends to the 7 Heavens Al-Bukhari Volume 4 Book 54 Number 429 (Continued from previous slide) Then we ascended to the 4th heaven and again the same questions and answers were exchanged as in the previous heavens. There I met Idris and greeted him. He said, 'You are welcomed O brother and Prophet.' Then we ascended to the 5th heaven and again the same questions and answers were exchanged as in previous heavens. there I met and greeted Aaron who said, 'You are welcomed O brother and a Prophet". Then we ascended to the 6th heaven and again the same questions and answers were exchanged as in the previous heavens. There I met and greeted Moses who said, 'You are welcomed O brother and. a Prophet.' When I proceeded on, he started weeping and on being asked why he was weeping, he said, 'O Lord! Followers of this youth who was sent after me will enter Paradise in greater number than my followers.' Then we ascended to the seventh heaven and again the same questions and answers were exchanged as in the previous heavens. There I met and greeted Abraham who said, 'You are welcomed o son and a Prophet.' Then I was shown Al-Bait-al-Ma'mur (i.e. Allah's House). 17th April 209

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Seventh Heaven - Abraham Sixth Heaven - Moses Fifth Heaven - Aaron Fourth Heaven - Idris Third Heaven - Joseph Second Heaven - John First Heaven - Adam

7 Heavens as described by Al-Bukhari

This picture shows how Mohammed describes Heaven according to Al-Bukhari Earth 17th April 209

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Mohammed ascends to the 7 Heavens (Al-Bukhari ) Volume 5, Book 58, Number 227: Narrated Abbas bin Malik: Malik bin Sasaa said that Allah's Apostle described to them his Night Journey… …Then a white animal which was smaller than a mule and bigger than a donkey was brought to me." (On this Al-Jarud asked, "Was it the Buraq, O Abu Hamza?" I (i.e. Anas) replied in the affirmative). The Prophet said, "The animal's step (was so wide that it) reached the farthest point within the reach of the animal's sight. I was carried on it, and Gabriel set out with me till we reached the nearest heaven … The gate was opened, and when I went over the first heaven, I saw Adam there …Then Gabriel ascended with me till we reached the second heaven … Then Gabriel ascended with me to the third heaven and asked for its gate to be opened … Then Gabriel ascended with me to the fourth heaven and asked for its gate to be opened … Then Gabriel ascended with me to the fifth heaven and asked for its gate to be opened … Then Gabriel ascended with me to the fifth heaven and asked for its gate to be opened … Then Gabriel ascended with me to the sixth heaven and asked for its gate to be opened … Then Gabriel ascended with me to the seventh heaven and asked for its gate to be opened . 17th April 209

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Surah 17:1 Mohammed & the Prophets

While up in Heaven, Mohammed met Jesus, Moses, Enoch, Abraham & other Prophets of Islam.

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Surah 17:1 Mohammed & Moses Mohammed speaking with Moses up in the Sky in the Islamic Heaven.

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Heaven is not very far away There seems to be air in Heaven for Mohammed to breath. Also, Angels wings work there too. Perhaps, the author of the Koran had no concept of an atmosphere or Outer Space

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Surah 17:1 Mohammed & multi headed being Mohammed meets a man with dozens of heads in Heaven

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Surah 17:1 / 55:70-74 The Houris Gabriel shows Mohammed the Houris who are waiting in Heaven to be married to virtuous Muslims when they get to Heaven. The exact number of wives for each Muslim man is not specified in the Koran, but the Hadith says that it is 72.

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Surah 70:3-4 The Ascending Stairways According to the Koran, Angels go up & down to & from Heaven using an ascending staircase. This suggests that Heaven is a place up in the Sky & not very far away. The Hadith agrees with this.

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Angels going up and down between Heaven and Earth (Al-Bukhari ) Volume 4, Book 54, Number 446: Narrated Abu Huraira: The Prophet said, "Angels keep on descending from and ascending to the Heaven in turn, some at night and some by daytime, and all of them assemble together at the time of the Fajr and 'Asr prayers. Then those who have stayed with you over-night, ascent unto Allah Who asks them, and He knows the answer better than they, "How have you left My slaves?" They reply, "We have left them praying as we found them praying." If anyone of you says "Amin" (during the Prayer at the end of the recitation of Surat-al-Faitiha), and the angels in Heaven say the same, and the two sayings coincide, all his past sins will be forgiven." 17th April 209

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9.

Meteors are missiles thrown at the Djinn by Angels

Sahih Muslim Volume 4 Book 26 Number 5538

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Surah 72:8-10 Meteors are stars that are thrown at Djinn by Angels. The Koran says that the Djinn complain that meteors prevent them from reaching Heaven. Meteor showers are supposedly indicating a battle in progress up in the Sky between Angels & Djinn.

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Imam Ali battles the Evil Djinn Ali was the Son in law & Cousin of Mohammed. He is highly revered by Shia Muslims.

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Meteors are missiles thrown at the Djinn by Angels (Sahih Muslim) Book 026, Number 5538: 'Abdullah. Ibn 'Abbas reported: A person from the Ansar who was amongst the Companions of Allah's Messenger (may peace be upon him) reported to me: As we were sitting during the night with Allah's Messenger. …Allah, the Exalted and Glorious, issues Command when He decides to do a thing. Then (the Angels) supporting the Throne sing His glory, then sing the dwellers of heaven who are near to them until this glory of God reaches them who are in the heaven of this world. Then those who are near the supporters of the Throne ask these supporters of the Throne: What your Lord has said? And they accordingly inform them what He says. Then the dwellers of heaven seek information from them until this information reaches the heaven of the world. In this process of transmission (the jinn snatches) what he manages to overhear and he carries it to his friends. And when the Angels see the jinn they attack them with meteors. If they narrate only which they manage to snatch that is correct but they alloy it with lies and make additions to it. 17th April 209

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Surah 37:6-7 Stars used as ammunition against Djinn In reality, Meteors or “Shooting Stars” are pieces of rock or dust that are burned up while entering the Earths Atmosphere. They have nothing to do with Stars which are more than a million times the size of Earth. However, in the Koran, Meteors are said to be real Stars that have been ripped from the floor of Heaven and thrown at Djinn who were trying to climb up to Heaven. 17th April 209

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Surah 55:15 The Evil Djinn According to the Koran, God created a race of beings with superhuman powers, called “Djinn” from fire. Some of these chose to reject God & became evil. These Djinn try & climb up to Heaven

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10. The Sky is solid Sahih Muslim Book 039 Chapter 1 Number 6703 Al-Bukhari Volume 4 Book 54 Number 429

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Solid Sky rolled up Many verses of the Koran refer to the Sky being rolled up on Judgement Day. This suggests a belief that the Sky was solid.

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God rolls up the Sky (Sahih Muslim) Book 039, Number 6703: Abu Huraira reported Allah's Apostle (may peace be upon him) as saying: Allan, the Exalted and Glorious, will take in His grip the earth on the Day of Judgment and He would roll up the sky in His right hand and would say: I am the Lord; wbere are the sovereigns of the world?

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The Gates of Heaven / Holes in the Sky

Gates of Heaven opened

Hole in the Sky

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The Koran Mentions “Gates of Heaven” which seem to be doors in the Sky that can be opened in order to allow solid objects to pass through the Sky. This implies that the Sky is solid.

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Angels open the Gates of Heaven for Mohammed (Al-Bukhari ) Volume 4 Book 54 Number 429 Al-Buraq, a white animal, smaller than a mule and bigger than a donkey was brought to me and I set out with Gabriel. When I reached the nearest heaven. Gabriel said to the heaven gate-keeper, 'Open the gate.' The gatekeeper asked, 'Who is it?' He said, 'Gabriel.' The gate-keeper,' Who is accompanying you?' Gabriel said, 'Muhammad.' The gate-keeper said, 'Has he been called?' Gabriel said, 'Yes.' Then it was said, 'He is welcomed. What a wonderful visit his is!' Then I met Adam and greeted him and he said, 'You are welcomed O son and a Prophet.'

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11. The Ocean of Heaven Al-Tirmidhi 5735 Sunan Abu Dawud Book 40 Number 4705

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Surah 54:11-12 Opening the Floodgates of Heaven The Koran describes how the Floodgates of Heaven were opened in order to release water for Noah’s Flood. This implies not only a solid Sky, but also the existence of vast oceans of water above the Sky. Al-Tirmidhi confirms this. 17th April 209

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The Ocean of Heaven above the Sky (Al-Tirmidhi) Al-Tirmidhi Hadith - Hadith 5735: Narrated by Abu Hurayrah. While Allah's Prophet (peace be upon him) and his companions were sitting clouds came over them and Allah's Prophet (peace be upon him) asked, "Do you know what these are?" On their replying that Allah and His Messenger knew best, he said, "These are the clouds (anan), these are the watercarriers of the Earth, which Allah drives to people who do not thank Him or call upon him." He then asked, "Do you know what is above you?" On their replying that Allah and His Messenger (peace be upon him) knew best, he said, "It is the firmament, a ceiling which is guarded and waves which are kept back."

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Ocean of Heaven described by Al-Tirmidhi

The Seven Heavens

Ocean of Heaven Stars in lowest Heaven

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Another Ocean of Heaven above the Sky (Abu Dawud ) Book 40, Number 4705: Narrated Al-Abbas ibn Abdul Muttalib: I was sitting in al-Batha with a company among whom the Apostle of Allah (peace be upon him) was sitting, when a cloud passed above them.…… He asked: Do you know the distance between Heaven and Earth? They replied: We do not know. He then said: The distance between them is seventy-one, seventy-two, or seventy-three years. The heaven which is above it is at a similar distance (going on till he counted seven heavens). Above the seventh heaven there is a sea, the distance between whose surface and bottom is like that between one heaven and the next. Above that there are eight mountain goats the distance between whose hoofs and haunches is like the distance between one heaven and the next. Then Allah, the Blessed and the Exalted, is above that. 17th April 209

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Allah

Eight Giant goats

Ocean of Heaven & giant goats described by Abu Dawud

Ocean of Heaven The Seven Heavens

Earth 17th April 209

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12. The Seven levels of Heaven Al-Bukhari Volume 4 Book 54 Number 429 Al-Tirmidhi 5735

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7 6 5 4

Surah 17:1 Mohammed in the Seven Heavens

3 2 1

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This traditional Islamic painting shows Mohammed visiting the seven Heavens which are up in the Sky These are portrayed as seven solid layers in the Sky where good Muslims go when they die.The Hadith and Koran support this view of seven Heavens 91

Mohammed ascends to the 7 Heavens Al-Bukhari Volume 4 Book 54 Number 429 Al-Buraq, a white animal, smaller than a mule and bigger than a donkey was brought to me and I set out with Gabriel. When I reached the nearest heaven. Gabriel said to the heaven gate-keeper, 'Open the gate.' The gatekeeper asked, 'Who is it?' He said, 'Gabriel.' The gate-keeper,' Who is accompanying you?' Gabriel said, 'Muhammad.' The gate-keeper said, 'Has he been called?' Gabriel said, 'Yes.' Then it was said, 'He is welcomed. What a wonderful visit his is!' Then I met Adam and greeted him and he said, 'You are welcomed O son and a Prophet.' Then we ascended to the second heaven. It was asked, 'Who is it?' Gabriel said, 'Gabriel.' It was said, 'Who is with you?' He said, 'Muhammad' It was asked, 'Has he been sent for?' He said, 'Yes.' It was said, 'He is welcomed. What a wonderful visit his is!" Then I met Jesus and Yahya (John) who said, 'You are welcomed, O brother and a Prophet.' Then we ascended to the third heaven. It was asked, 'Who is it?' Gabriel said, 'Gabriel.' It was asked, 'Who is with you? Gabriel said, 'Muhammad.' It was asked, 'Has he been sent for?' 'Yes,' said Gabriel. 'He is welcomed. What a wonderful visit his is!' (The Prophet added:). There I met Joseph and greeted him, and he replied, 'You are welcomed, O brother and a Prophet!' (Continued on next slide) 17th April 209

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Mohammed ascends to the 7 Heavens Al-Bukhari Volume 4 Book 54 Number 429 (Continued from previous slide) Then we ascended to the 4th heaven and again the same questions and answers were exchanged as in the previous heavens. There I met Idris and greeted him. He said, 'You are welcomed O brother and Prophet.' Then we ascended to the 5th heaven and again the same questions and answers were exchanged as in previous heavens. there I met and greeted Aaron who said, 'You are welcomed O brother and a Prophet". Then we ascended to the 6th heaven and again the same questions and answers were exchanged as in the previous heavens. There I met and greeted Moses who said, 'You are welcomed O brother and. a Prophet.' When I proceeded on, he started weeping and on being asked why he was weeping, he said, 'O Lord! Followers of this youth who was sent after me will enter Paradise in greater number than my followers.' Then we ascended to the seventh heaven and again the same questions and answers were exchanged as in the previous heavens. There I met and greeted Abraham who said, 'You are welcomed o son and a Prophet.' Then I was shown Al-Bait-al-Ma'mur (i.e. Allah's House). 17th April 209

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Seven Heavens above the Earth Al-Tirmidhi 5735 He then asked, "Do you know what is above you?" On their replying that Allah and His Messenger (peace be upon him) knew best, he said, "It is the firmament, a ceiling which is guarded and waves which are kept back." He then asked, "Do you know what is between you and it?" On their replying that Allah and His Messenger (peace be upon him) knew best, he said, "Between you and it are five hundred years." He then asked, "Do you knew what is above that?" On their replying that Allah and His Messenger (peace be upon him) best he said, "Two heavens with a distance of five hundred years between them." He went on speaking like that till he counted seven heavens, the distance between each pair being like between Heaven and Earth. He then asked, "Do you know what is above that?" On their replying that Allah and His Messenger (peace be upon him) knew best, he said, "Above that is the Throne, and the distance between it and the (seventh) heaven is the same as that between each pair of heavens."  17th April 209

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13. Green carpet of the Earth? Al-Bukhari Volume 4 Book 54 Number 456

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Green carpet of the Earth? According to Al-Bukhari, while up in Heaven, Mohammed saw a green carpet that spread across the horizon.Perhaps, he was referring to something like this?

Green Carpet

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Green carpet of the Earth?

Volume 4, Book 54, Number 456: Narrated Abdullah: Regarding the Verse: "Indeed he (Muhammad) did see. Of the Signs of his Lord, The Greatest!" (53.18) That the Prophet had seen a green carpet spread all over the horizon of the sky.

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14. Hell is under the Earths surface Al-Tirmidhi 5735

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Seven levels of Hell below us. Al-Tirmidhi 5735 Narrated by Abu Hurayrah He (Mohammed) then asked, "Do you know what is below you?" On their replying that Allah and His Messenger (peace be upon him) knew best, he said, "It is the earth." He then asked, "Do you know what is under that?" On their replying that Allah and His Messenger (peace be upon him) knew best, he said, "Under it there is another Earth with a journey of five hundred years between them," and so on till he had counted seven earths with a journey of five hundred years between each pair. He then said, "By Him in Whose hand Muhammad's soul is, if you were to drop a rope to the lowest earth it would not pass out of Allah's knowledge."

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Hell is under the Earths surface

Earth According to Al-Tirmidhi, Mohammed explicitly stated that Hell was a place under the Earths surface.

Hell

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15. There are seven levels in Hell Al-Bukhari Volume 3 Book 43 Number 632-634 Al-Bukhari Volume 4 Book 54 Number 417/418/420

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Seven Earths = Seven Hells Flat Earth

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Seven Hells under the

The Koran refers to seven Earths which seem to be levels in the Islamic Hell. Each Hell seems to be for different types of punishment & each has its own entrance gate.

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Medieval Christian Hell with multiple levels.

In the Middle Ages, Christians also believed in a multi-level Hell where sinners were tormented.

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Surah 65:12 Seven Levels of Hell

The Koran seems to refer to Hell having seven layers. This is a similar concept to that in Dante’s Divine Comedy. Indeed, Dante may have been influenced by the Koran. 17th April 209

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Seven layer Hell under the Earth Al-Bukhari Volume 3 Book 43 Number 632: Narrated Said bin Zaid: Allah's Apostle said, "Whoever usurps the land of somebody unjustly, his neck will be encircled with it down the seven earths (on the Day of Resurrection). " Al-Bukhari Volume 3 Book 43 Number 633: Narrated Abu Salama: That there was a dispute between him and some people (about a piece of land). When he told 'Aisha about it, she said, "O Abu Salama! Avoid taking the land unjustly, for the Prophet said, 'Whoever usurps even one span of the land of somebody, his neck will be encircled with it down the seven earths." Al-Bukhari Volume 3 Book 43 Number 634: Narrated Salim's father (i.e. 'Abdullah): The Prophet said, "Whoever takes a piece of the land of others unjustly, he will sink down the seven earths on the Day of Resurrection."  17th April 209

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Seven layer Hell under the Earth Al-Bukhari Volume 4 Book 54 Number 417: Narrated Muhammad bin Ibrahim bin Al-Harith: from Abu Salama bin 'Abdur-Rahman who had a dispute with some people on a piece of land, and so he went to 'Aisha and told her about it. She said, "O Abu Salama, avoid the land, for Allah's Apostle said, 'Any person who takes even a span of land unjustly, his neck shall be encircled with it down seven earths.' " Al-Bukhari Volume 4, Book 54, Number 418: Narrated Salim's father: The Prophet said, "Any person who takes a piece of land unjustly will sink down the seven earths on the Day of Resurrection." Al-Bukhari Volume 4, Book 54, Number 420: Narrated Said bin Zaid bin Amr bin Nufail: That Arwa sued him before Marwan for a right, which she claimed, he had deprived her of. On that Said said, "How should I deprive her of her right? I testify that I heard Allah's Apostle saying, 'If anyone takes a span of land unjustly, his neck will be encircled with it down seven earths on the Day of Resurrection." 17th April 209

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Going down to the Seven Earths

The Hadith describes sinners being thrust down to the seven Earths. This suggests that Hell is under the ground and has seven levels.

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16. The Heat from Hell causes hot weather on Earth Al-Bukhari Volume 1 Book 10 Number 512-513 Al-Bukhari Volume 4 Book 54 Number 480

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Surah 17:1 The Night Journey

Here Mohammed & Gabriel are shown touring Hell & seeing sinners burning & being tortured. 17th April 209

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The Heat from Hell causes hot weather on Earth The Hadith suggests that hot weather is caused by the heat from the flames of Hell below the Earth. This is the Islamic idea of global warming except that the Earth is not a globe.

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The Heat from Hell causes hot weather on Earth Al-Bukhari Volume 1 Book 10 Number 512: Narrated Abu Huraira: The Prophet said, "In very hot weather delay the Zuhr prayer till it becomes (a bit) cooler because the severity of heat is from the raging of Hell-fire. The Hellfire of Hell complained to its Lord saying: O Lord! My parts are eating (destroying) one another. So Allah allowed it to take two breaths, one in the winter and the other in the summer. The breath in the summer is at the time when you feel the severest heat and the breath in the winter is at the time when you feel the severest cold."  Al-Bukhari Volume 1 Book 10 Number 513: Narrated Abu Sa'id: That Allah's Apostle said, "Pray Zuhr prayer when it becomes (a bit) cooler as the severity of heat is from the raging of the Hell-fire."

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The Heat from Hell causes hot weather on Earth(Al-Bukhari ) Volume 4 Book 54 Number 480: Narrated Abu Dhar: While the Prophet was on a journey, he said (regarding the performance of the Zuhr prayer), "Wait till it (i.e. the weather) gets cooler." He said the same again till the shade of the hillocks extended. Then he said, "Delay the (Zuhr) Prayer till it gets cooler, for the severity of heat is from the increase in heat of Hell (fire)."

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Hell is under the Earths surface

This seems to be What the Hadith is Describing.

Heat 17th April 209

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Temperature not uniform on any given day. The Hadith assumes that the temperature is the same everywhere on any given day. This implies a belief in a Flat Earth with no temperature zones.

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17. Earth sits in a Cosmic Ocean Al-Bukhari Volume 4 Book 54 Number 414

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God above the Cosmic Ocean Al-Bukhari Volume 4, Book 54, Number 414: Narrated Imran bin Husain: I went to the Prophet and tied my she-camel at the gate.….. Then some Yemenites came to him and he said, "Accept the good tidings, O people of Yemen, for Bani Tamim refused them." They said, "We accept it, O Allah's Apostle! We have come to ask you about this matter (i.e. the start of creations)." He said, "First of all, there was nothing but Allah, and (then He created His Throne). His throne was over the water, and He wrote everything in the Book (in the Heaven) and created the Heavens and the Earth." Then a man shouted, "O Ibn Husain! Your she-camel has gone away!" So, I went away and could not see the she-camel because of the mirage. By Allah, I wished I had left that she-camel (but not that gathering).

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Surah 11:7 Allah on his throne above the waters before Creation God on his throne above the waters of the waters or infinite Cosmic ocean in which the Universe of the Koran sits.

Cosmic Ocean

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Notice how the ocean already existed & was not created By God 117

Surah 11:7 Allah on his throne above the waters during Creation God causes the Primordial mound of Creation to rise out of the Cosmic Ocean. Cosmic Ocean

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From this mound, he created the Universe.

Primordial Mound

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Surah 11:7 Allah on his throne after Creation God on his throne up in Heaven above Mecca & looking down on Earth.

Earth

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Conclusion The Cosmology of the Hadith is the same as the Cosmology assumed in the Koran.

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Cosmology of the Koran

In the previous seven Presentations in this series It was suggested that the Koran assumes a universe such as the one shown in the picture on the left. The Hadith agrees with this. 17th April 209

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Conclusion 1.

2. 3.

4.

From this review of the Hadith, it can be seen that the Hadith agree with the Koran on matters of Cosmology. This is only to be expected since the Hadith is a supplement to the Koran. However, the absurd ideas in the Hadith concerning Cosmology are at least as incorrect at those in the Koran. This proves that the Hadith is nonsense and not divinely inspired just like the Koran.

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Continued on next Presentation ……