Flat Earth Koran 06 Of 13 - Beneath The Flat Earth

The Flat Earth Koran 06 of 13 - Beneath the Flat Earth

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An interpretation of the Cosmology of the Koran & a critique of Islamic Fundamentalism

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Beneath the Earth – Modern Science Despite claims to the contrary by some Islamic Fundamentalists, the Koran has no idea whatsoever about what really is under the ground. Instead describes an imaginary Underworld similar to that described in the Bible and other Mythologies.

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Beneath the Earth – According to the Koran

This is what the Koran says is under the Earths surface.

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Beneath the Flat Earth 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7.

Immediately below the Flat Earth is a vast freshwater Ocean. This is one of “The two Seas” that the Koran repeatedly refers to. Below this is Hell, a place of fire, where those who reject Islam end up and where they are believed to suffer everlasting torture. There are seven levels to Hell, each with a gate at its entrance. Earth is static and unmoving and sits fixed at the centre of the Universe. The Earth is probably sits upon mountain like Pillars. This is basically the same as in Mesopotamian Cosmology although differing in detail. Mountains help keep the Earth in place and protect it from Earthquakes. The Earth sits in a vast Cosmic Ocean similar to that in other Mythologies. 28th March 2009

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The Subterranean Ocean

Surah 25:53,Surah 27:61, Surah 54:11-12, Surah 55:19-20

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The Subterranean Ocean Underground Freshwater Sea Saltwater World Ocean

Barrier between the two sea’s

In two previous Presentations in this series, evidence was given to support the view that the Koran assumes the existence of a vast Underground Ocean just below the Earths surface. (See Presentations 02 & 03 & also Surahs 25:53, 27:61, 54:11-12 & 55:19-20) 28th March 2009

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Hell

Surah 4:145 , Surah 4:56, Surah 5:86, Surah 9:73, Surah 17:1, Surah17:8, Surah 21:98, Surah 37:54-55, Surah 43:74-77, Surah 52:13, Surah 98:6

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Sinners end up in Hell.

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Surah 17:1 The Night Journey This verse of the Koran refers to Mohammed ascending to Heaven & descending to Hell. He is said to have rode upon a magical animal known as Buraq & to have been accompanied by the Angel Gabriel who acted as his guide. This picture shows Mohammed flying above the Kaaba in Mecca.

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Surah 17:1 The Night Journey Pickthall “Glorified be He Who carried His servant by night from the inviolable place of worship to the far distant place of worship the neighbourhood whereof We have blessed, that We might show him of Our tokens!” Yusuf Ali “Glory to (God) Who did take His servant for a journey by night from the sacred mosque to the farthest mosque, whose precincts We did bless, - in order that We might show him some of Our signs.” Hilali-Khan “Glorified (and Exalted) be He (Allah) [above all that (evil) they associate with Him] [Tafsir Qurtubi, Vol. 10, Page 204] “ Shakir “Glory be to Him Who made His servant to go on a night from the sacred mosque to the remote mosque of which We have blessed the precincts, so that We may show to him some of Our signs.”

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Surah 17:1 The Night Journey Sher Ali “Glory be to Him Who carried His servant by night from the Sacred Mosque to the Distant Mosque, the environs of which WE have blessed, that We might show him some of Our Signs.” Khalifa “Most glorified is the One who summoned His servant (Muhammad) during the night, from the Sacred Masjid (of Mecca) to the farthest place of prostration, whose surroundings we have blessed, in order to show him some of our signs.” Arberry “Glory be to Him, who carried His servant by night from the Holy Mosque to the Further Mosque the precincts of which We have blessed, that We might show him some of Our signs. He is the All-hearing, the All-seeing.” Palmer “Celebrated be the praises of Him who took His servant a journey by night from the Sacred Mosque, to the Remote Mosque, the precinct of which we have blessed, to show him of our signs! verily, He both hears and looks”. 28th March 2009

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Surah 17:1 The Night Journey Rodwell “Glory be to Him who carried his servant by night from the sacred temple of Mecca to the temple that is more remote, whose precinct we have blessed, that we might shew him of our signs! for He is the Hearer, the Seer.” Sale “Praise be unto him, who transported his servant by night, from the sacred temple [of Mecca] to the farther temple [of Jerusalem], the circuit of which we have blessed, that we might shew him [some] of our signs; for [God is] he who heareth, [and] seeth.” Irving “Glory be to Him Who had His servant travel by night from the Hallowed Mosque to the Further Mosque whose surroundings We have blessed, so We might show him some of Our signs! He is the Alert, the Observant!” Dawood “Glory be to Him who made His servant go by night from the Sacred Temple to the farther Temple whose surroundings we have blessed, that We might show him some of our signs.He alone hears all and observes all.” 28th March 2009

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Surah 17:1 The Night Journey

Here Mohammed & Gabriel are shown touring Hell & seeing sinners burning & being tortured. 28th March 2009

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Surah 98:6 Hell for Jews, Christians & Polytheists This Surah implies that Jews and Christians who do not accept Islam as well as those such as Hindu’s who have more than one God will end up in Hell

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Surah 98:6 Hell for Jews, Christians & Polytheists Pickthall “Lo! those who disbelieve, among the People of the Scripture and the idolaters, will abide in fire of Hell. They are the worst of created beings.” Yusuf Ali “Those who reject (Truth), among the People of the Book and among the Polytheists, will be in Hell-Fire, to dwell therein (for aye). They are the worst of creatures.” Hilali-Khan “Verily, those who disbelieve (in the religion of Islam, the Qur'an and Prophet Muhammad (Peace be upon him)) from among the people of the Scripture (Jews and Christians) and Al-Mushrikun will abide in the Fire of Hell. They are the worst of creatures.” Shakir “Surely those who disbelieve from among the followers of the Book and the polytheists shall be in the fire of Hell, abiding therein; they are the worst of men.” 28th March 2009

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Surah 98:6 Continued Sher Ali “Verily, those who disbelieve from among the People of the Book and the idolaters, will be in the Fire of Hell, abiding therein. They are the worst of creatures.” Khalifa “Those who disbelieved among the people of the scripture, and the idol worshipers, have incurred the fire of Gehenna forever. They are the worst creatures.” Arberry “The unbelievers of the People of the Book and the idolaters shall be in the Fire of Gehenna, therein dwelling forever; those are the worst of creatures.” Palmer “Verily, those who disbelieve amongst the people of the Book and the idolaters shall be in the fire of Hell, to dwell therein for aye; they are wretched creatures! “

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Surah 98:6 Continued Rodwell “But the unbelievers among the people of the Book, and among the Polytheists, shall go into the fire of Gehenna to abide therein for aye. Of all creatures are they the worst!” Sale “Verily those who believe not, among those who have received the scriptures, and among the idolaters, [shall be cast] into the fire of Hell, to remain therein [for ever]. These are the worst of creatures.” Irving “Those People of the Book who disbelieve as well as the associators will remain in Hell fire; those are the worst creatures”. Dawood “The unbelievers among the People of the Book and the Pagans shall burn forever in the fire of Hell.They are the vilest of creatures.”

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Surah 4:56 Sinners burning forever According to the Koran, the skin of sinners in Hellfire will be continuously, regenerated so that their suffering is prolonged indefinitely.

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Surah 4:56 Sinners burning forever Pickthall “Lo! Those who disbelieve Our revelations, We shall expose them to the Fire. As often as their skins are consumed We shall exchange them for fresh skins that they may taste the torment. Lo! Allah is ever Mighty, Wise.” Yusuf Ali “Those who reject our Signs, We shall soon cast into the Fire: as often as their skins are roasted through, We shall change them for fresh skins, that they may taste the penalty: for God is Exalted in Power, Wise.” Hilali-Khan “Surely! Those who disbelieved in Our Ayat (proofs, evidences, verses, lessons, signs, revelations, etc.) We shall burn them in Fire. As often as their skins are roasted through, We shall change them for other skins that they may taste the punishment. Truly, Allah is Ever Most Powerful, All Wise.” Shakir “(As for) those who disbelieve in Our communications, We shall make them enter fire; so oft as their skins are thoroughly burned, We will change them for other skins, that they may taste the chastisement; surely Allah is Mighty, Wise.” 28th March 2009

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Surah 4:56 continued Sher Ali “Those who disbelieve in Our Signs, We shall soon cause them to enter Fire. As often as their skins are burnt up, We shall give them in exchange other skins that they may continue to taste the punishment. Surely, Allah is Mighty and Wise.” Khalifa “Surely, those who disbelieve in our revelations, we will condemn them to the Hellfire. Whenever their skins are burnt, we will give them new skins. Thus, they will suffer continuously. God is Almighty, Most Wise.” Arberry “Surely those who disbelieve in Our signs -- We shall certainly roast them at a Fire; as often as their skins are wholly burned, We shall give them in exchange other skins, that they may taste the chastisement. Surely God is All-mighty, All-wise.” Palmer “Verily, those who disbelieve in our signs, we will broil them with fire; whenever their skins are well done, then we will change them for other skins, that they may taste the torment. Verily, God is glorious and wise.” 28th March 2009

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Surah 4:56 continued Rodwell “Those who disbelieve our signs we will in the end cast into the fire: so oft as their skins shall be well burnt, we will change them for fresh skins, that they may taste the torment. Verily God is Mighty, Wise! “ Sale “Verily those who disbelieve our signs, we will surely cast to be broiled in [Hell] fire; so often as their skins shall be well burned, we will give them other skins in exchange, that they may taste the [sharper] torment; for God is mighty and wise.” Irving “Those who disbelieve in Our signs We will roast in a Fire: each time their hides are toasted, We shall exchange them for some other skins so they may taste the torment [again]. God is Powerful, Wise.” Dawood “Those who deny Our revelations We will burn in fire. No sooner will their skins be consumed, than We will give them other skins, so that they may truly taste the scourge.Surely God is mighty and wise.”

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Surah 17:1 The Night Journey This picture shows women hanging by their hair & being tortured in Hell Fire for the “sin” of stirring up male lust by “provocatively” exposing their hair to men other than their husbands.

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Surah 5:86 Disbelievers go to Hell Pickthall “But those who disbelieve and deny Our revelations, they are owners of Hell-fire.” Yusuf Ali “But those who reject Faith and belie our Signs, - they shall be companions of Hell-fire.” Hilali-Khan “But those who disbelieved and belied Our Ayat (proofs, evidences, verses, lessons, signs, revelations, etc.), they shall be the dwellers of the (Hell) Fire.” Shakir “And (as for) those who disbelieve and reject Our communications, these are the companions of the flame”. Sher Ali “And those who have disbelieved and rejected Our Signs, these are they who are the inmates of Hell.” Khalifa “As for those who disbelieve and reject our revelations, they are the dwellers of Hell.”

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Surah 5:86 Continued Arberry “But those who disbelieve, and cry lies to Our signs -- they are the inhabitants of Hell”. Palmer “But those who disbelieve and say our signs are lies, they are the fellows of Hell.” Rodwell “But they who believe not and treat our signs as lies shall be the inmates of Hell-fire.” Sale “But they who believe not, and accuse our signs of falsehood, they [shall be] the companions of Hell”. Irving “While those who disbelieve and reject Our signs will become the inmates of Hades! “ Dawood “But those that disbelieve and deny Our revelations shall become the inmates of Hell.”

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Surah 17:1 The Night Journey

Here adulterous women are shown impaled on hooks in Hell Fire 28th March 2009

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Surah 9:73 Disbelievers will end up in Hell Pickthall “O Prophet! Strive against the disbelievers & the hypocrites! Be harsh with them. Their ultimate abode is Hell, a hapless journey's end.” Yusuf Ali “O Prophet! strive hard against the unbelievers & the Hypocrites, and be firm against them. Their abode is Hell, - an evil refuge indeed.” Hilali-Khan “O Prophet (Muhammad)! Strive hard against the disbelievers & the hypocrites, and be harsh against them, their abode is Hell, - and worst indeed is that destination.” Shakir “O Prophet! strive hard against the unbelievers & the hypocrites and be unyielding to them; and their abode is Hell, and evil is the destination.” Sher Ali “O Prophet! strive hard against the disbelievers & the Hypocrites. And be firm against them. Their abode is Hell, and evil destination it is.” Khalifa “O you prophet, strive against the disbelievers & the hypocrites, and be stern in dealing with them. Their destiny is Hell; what a miserable abode!” 28th March 2009

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Surah 9:73 Continued Arberry “O Prophet, struggle with the unbelievers and hypocrites, and be thou harsh with them; their refuge is Gehenna -- an evil homecoming!” Palmer “O thou prophet! strive strenuously against the misbelievers and the hypocrites, and be stern against them; for their resort is Hell, and an ill journey shall it be.” Rodwell “O Prophet! contend against the infidels and the hypocrites, and be rigorous with them: Hell shall be their dwelling place! Wretched the journey thither!” Sale “O Prophet, wage war against the unbelievers and the hypocrites, and be severe unto them: For their dwelling shall be Hell; an unhappy journey [shall it be thither]!” Irving “0 Prophet, struggle with disbelievers and hypocrites; deal harshly with them: their lodging will be Hell, and how awful is such a destination.” Dawood “Prophet, make war on the unbelievers and hypocrites and deal rigorously with them.Hell will be their home, an evil fate.” 28th March 2009

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Surah 17:1 The Night Journey This picture shows women who were too talkative or disrespectful of their husbands hanging by their tongues above Hell Fire

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Surah 43:74-77 Sinners burn forever in Hell Pickthall “Lo! the guilty are immortal in Hell's torment.” Yusuf Ali “The sinners will be in the Punishment of Hell, to dwell therein.” Hilali-Khan “Verily, the Mujrimun (criminals, sinners, disbelievers, etc.) will be in the torment of Hell to abide therein forever.” Shakir “Surely the guilty shall abide in the chastisement of Hell.” Sher Ali The guilty will, certainly, abide in the punishment of Hell.” Khalifa “Surely, the guilty will abide in the retribution of Gehenna forever. Arberry “But the evildoers dwell forever in the chastisement of Gehenna.” Palmer “Verily, the sinners are in the torment of Hell to dwell for aye.” Rodwell “But in the torment of Hell shall the wicked remain forever.” Sale “But the wicked shall remain for ever in the torment of Hell.” Irving “Yet criminals will remain in Hell's torment.” Dawood “But the evil doers shall forever endure the torment of Hell 28th March 2009

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Islamic Hell similar to Christian Hell According to Surah 21:98, the fires of Hell are fuelled by burning Non-Muslims & Idols. Many Islamic Fundamentalists would include the following in this category: 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17.

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Roman Catholics Eastern Orthodox Christians Hindu’s Buddhists Taoists Shintoists Other Non-Muslims

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Surah 21:98 Unbelievers & idols are the fuel of Hell Pickthall “Lo! ye (idolaters) and that which ye worship beside Allah are fuel of Hell. Thereunto ye will come.” Yusuf Ali “Verily ye, (unbelievers), and the (false) gods that ye worship besides God, are (but) fuel for Hell! to it will ye (surely) come!” Hilali-Khan “Certainly! You (disbelievers) and that which you are worshipping now besides Allah, are (but) fuel for Hell! (Surely), you will enter it.” Shakir “Surely you and what you worship besides Allah are the firewood of Hell; to it you shall come.” Sher Ali “It will be said to them, `Surely, you and that which you worship beside Allah are the fuel of Hell. To it you will all come.” Khalifa “You and the idols you worship besides God will be fuel for Hell; this is your inevitable destiny.” 28th March 2009

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Surah 21:98 Continued Arberry “Surely you, and that you were serving apart from God, are fuel for Gehenna; you shall go down to it.” Palmer “Verily, ye, and what ye serve beside God, shall be the pebbles of Hell, to it shall ye go down!” Rodwell “Verily, ye, and what ye worship beside God, shall be fuel for hell: ye shall go down into it.” Sale “Verily [both] ye, [o men of Mecca], and [the idols] which ye worship besides God, [shall be] cast [as fuel] into Hell [fire]: Ye shall go down into the same.” Irving “You and anything you worship instead of God [will serve as] pavement for Hell! You are being led to it.” Dawood “You and your idols shall be the fuel of Hell: therein shall you all go down.” 28th March 2009

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Medieval Christians returning the compliment

Mohammed being tortured in the Christian Hell in 15th Italian Fresco by Giovanni da Modena

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Buddha saving Souls from Hell Buddhists & Hindus also have a concept of Hells, but it is temporary and more like Purgatory. Unlike Mohammed or Jesus, Buddha is supposed to be able to rescue people from Hell.

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Hell is underground

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Location of Islamic Hell “For them there is Hell, as a couch (below) and folds and folds of covering above: such is Our requital of those who do wrong.” Surah 7:41 Yusuf Ali

The Koran does not give a precise description as to the location of Hell, but it is referred to as “below”, “down”, “deep” or being like a dungeon

Earth

This is consistent with Hell being underground.

Hell

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Hellfire or Magma? Perhaps, the belief in a fiery underground Hell was an attempt to explain Volcanoes. However, the heat of the Volcano comes from the decay of radioactive minerals rather than the burning of sinners and idols. Of coarse, Arabs in the time of Mohammed had no way of knowing this.

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Surah 37:51-55 Looking down from Heaven on Sinners in Hell The Koran says that Muslims in Heaven will be able to look down & observe the torment of sinners burning in Hell below.

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Surah 37:54-55 Sinners down in Hell Pickthall “He saith: Will ye look? Then looketh he and seeth him in the depth of Hell.” Yusuf Ali “(A voice) said: "Would ye like to look down?" He looked down and saw him in the midst of the Fire.” Hilali-Khan “(The man) said: "Will you look down?" So he looked down and saw him in the midst of the Fire.” Shakir “He shall say: Will you look on? Then he looked down and saw him in the midst of Hell.” Sher Ali “The speaker will then ask those around him, `Will you have a look and find out about him?' Then he will look himself and see him in the midst of the Fire.” Khalifa “He will say, "Just take a look!" When he looks, he will see his friend in the heart of Hell.”

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Surah 37:54-55 Continued Arberry “He says, 'Are you looking down?' Then he looks, and sees him in the midst of Hell.” Palmer “He will say, 'Are ye looking down?' and he shall look down and Rodwell “He shall say to those around him, "Will ye look?" And he shall look and see him in the midst of Hell”. Sale “[Then] he shall say [to his companions], will ye look down? And he shall look down, and shall see him in the midst of Hell.” Irving “He will say: "Will you (all) just take a look?" "So he did look down and saw he was [standing] in the midst of Hades! Dawood “And he will say, “come, let us look down”, and he sees his friend in the very midst of Hell.”

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Surah 52:13 Sinners thrust down to Hell Left: More sinners arriving in Hell. Many verses of the Koran Refer to Hell as “down” or “below”, implying that it was believed to be underground.

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Surah 52:13 Hell is below us Pickthall “The day when they are thrust with a (disdainful) thrust, into the fire of Hell.” Yusuf Ali “That Day shall they be thrust down to the Fire of Hell, irresistibly.” Hilali-Khan “The Day when they will be pushed down by force to the Fire of Hell, with a horrible, forceful pushing.” Shakir “The day on which they shall be driven away to the fire of Hell with violence.” Sher Ali “The day when they shall be trust into the fire of Hell with a violent trust.” Arberry “The day when they shall be pitched into the fire of Gehenna.” Palmer “On the day when they shall be thrust away into the fire of Hell.” Sale “On that day shall they be driven and thrust into the fire of Hell.” Irving “On the day they will be pushed firmly towards Hell fire.” Dawood “On that day, they will be sternly thrown into the fire of Hell.” 28th March 2009

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Surah 4:145 Hypocrites in depths of Hell Pickthall “Lo! the hypocrites (will be) in the lowest deep of the fire, and thou wilt find no helper for them.” Yusuf Ali “The Hypocrites will be in the lowest depths of the fire: no helper wilt thou find for them.” Hilali-Khan “Verily, the hypocrites will be in the lowest depths (grade) of the fire; no helper will you find for them.” Shakir “Surely the hypocrites are in the lowest stage of the fire and you shall not find a helper for them.” Sher Ali “The hypocrite shall surely be in the lowest depths of the fire; Khalifa “The hypocrites will be committed to the lowest pit of Hell, and you will find no one to help them.”

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Surah 4:145 Continued Arberry “Surely the hypocrites will be in the lowest reach of the Fire; thou wilt not find for them any helper.” Palmer “Verily, the hypocrites are in the lowest depths of Hell-fire, and thou shalt not find for them a help.” Rodwell “Verily the hypocrites shall be in the lowest abyss of the fire: and, by no means shalt thou find a helper for them.” Sale “Moreover the hypocrites shall be in the lowest bottom of Hell fire, and thou shalt not find any to help them [thence].” Irving “Hypocrites will stand on the lowest level of the Fire; you will never find an supporter for them.” Dawood “The hypocrites shall be cast into the lowest depths of the fire: there shall be none to help them.”

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Surah17:8 Hell is like a dungeon Pickthall “But if ye repeat (the crime) We shall repeat (the punishment), and We have appointed Hell a dungeon for the disbelievers.” Yusuf Ali “But if ye revert (to your sins), We shall revert (to Our punishments): And we have made Hell a prison for those who reject (all Faith).” Hilali-Khan “But if you return (to sins), We shall return (to Our Punishment). And We have made Hell a prison for the disbelievers”. Shakir “It may be that your Lord will have mercy on you, and if you again return (to disobedience) We too will return (to punishment), and We have made Hell a prison for the unbelievers.” Sher Ali “But if you return to mischief, We too will return to punishment, and remember We have made Hell a prison for the disbelievers.” Khalifa “But if you revert to transgression, we will counter with retribution. We have designated Gehenna as a final abode for the disbelievers.” 28th March 2009

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Surah17:8 Continued Arberry “But if you return, We shall return; and We have made Gehenna a prison for the unbelievers.” Palmer “But if ye return we will return, and we have made Hell a prison for the misbelievers.” Rodwell “But if ye return, we will return: and we have appointed Hell - the prison of the infidels.” Sale “But if ye return [to transgress a third time], we [also will] return [to chastise you]; and we have appointed Hell to be the prison of the unbelievers.” Irving “If you should turn back, We will go back (too) and turn Hell into a confinement for disbelievers!” Dawood “If you again transgress,you shall again be scourged. We have made Hell a prison house for unbelievers.”

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1.

Seven Levels in Hell, each with a gate. Surah 15:43-44, Surah 16:29, Surah 65:12,

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Surah 65:12 Seven Earths/Seven Hells Pickthall “Allah it is who hath created seven Heavens, and of the Earth the like thereof. The commandment cometh down among them slowly, that ye may know that Allah is Able to do all things.” Yusuf Ali “God is He Who created seven Firmaments and of the Earth a similar number. Through the midst of them (all) descends His Command: that ye may know that God has power over all things.” Hilali-Khan “It is Allah Who has created seven Heavens and of the Earth the like thereof (i.e. seven). His Command descends between them (Heavens and Earth), that you may know that Allah has power over all things.” Shakir “Allah is He Who created seven Heavens, and of the Earth the like of them; the decree continues to descend among them, that you may know that Allah has power over all things.” 28th March 2009

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Surah 65:12 Continued Sher Ali “Allah is He who created seven Heavens, and of the Earth the like thereof. The Divine command comes down in their midst, that you may know that Allah has power over all things, and that Allah encompasses all things in His knowledge.” Khalifa “God created seven universes and the same number of Earths. The commands flow among them. This is to let you know that God is Omnipotent, and that God is fully aware of all things.” Arberry “It is God who created seven Heavens, and of Earth their like, between them the Command descending, that you may know that God is powerful over everything and that God encompasses everything in.” Palmer “God it is who created seven Heavens, and of the Earth the like thereof. The bidding descends between them, that ye may know that God is mighty over all, and that God has encompassed all things with His knowledge!” This is a distortion of the meaning of the text..It is out of step with the other 11 translations. See The next illustration for the real meaning of Seven Heavens. 28th March 2009

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Surah 65:12 Continued Rodwell “It is God who hath created seven Heavens and as many Earths. The Divine command cometh down through them all, that ye may know that God hath power over all things, and that God in his knowledge embraceth all things!” Sale “[It is] God who hath created seven Heavens, and as many [different stories] of the Earth: The [divine] command descendeth between them; that ye may know that God is omnipotent, and that God comprehendeth all things by [his] knowledge.” Irving “God is the One Who created seven Heavens, and the same [number of planets] which are like the Earth. The Command prevails among them so you (all) may know that God is Capable of everything. God comprises everything in knowledge!” Dawood “It is God who has created seven Heavens and Earths as many.His commandment descends through them, so that you might learn that God has power over all things, and that God encompasses all things with his knowledge.” 28th March 2009

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The Seven Heavens in Islamic Art This traditional Islamic Painting Shows Mohammed visiting the seven Heavens. These are portrayed as seven solid layers in the Sky where good Muslims go when they die. Bad Muslims and unbelievers go to the seven Earths or Hell.

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Seven Earths = Seven Hells Flat Earth

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Seven Hells under the

The Koran refers to seven Earths which seem to be levels in the Islamic Hell. Each Hell seems to be for different types of punishment & each has its own entrance gate.

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Surah 65:12 Seven Levels of Hell

The Koran seems to refer to Hell having seven layers. This is a similar concept to that in Dante’s Divine Comedy. Indeed, Dante may have been influenced by the Koran. 28th March 2009

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Medieval Christian Hell with multiple levels.

In the Middle Ages, Christians also believed in a multi-level Hell where sinners were tormented.

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Mesopotamian Underworld The idea of a multi layered Underworld was known in Ancient Mesopotamia many millennia before Jesus or Mohammed were born.

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Indian Cosmology The idea of a multi layered Underworld where the wicked were punished was known in India many centuries before Jesus or Mohammed lived. Flat Earth

Multi-layered Underworld

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Surah 15:43-44 Seven Gates of Hell According to the Koran, Hell has seven gates. Presumably, one for each level of Hell.

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Surah 15:43-44 Seven Gates of Hell Pickthall “And lo! for all such, Hell will be the promised place. It hath seven gates, and each gate hath an appointed portion.” Yusuf Ali “And verily, Hell is the promised abode for them all! To it are seven gates: for each of those gates is a (special) class (of sinners) assigned.” Hilali-Khan "And surely, Hell is the promised place for them all. "It (Hell) has seven gates, for each of those gates is a (special) class (of sinners) assigned. ” Shakir “And surely Hell is the promised place of them all. It has seven gates; for every gate there shall be a separate party of them.” Sher Ali “And, surely, Hell is the promised place for them all”. It has seven gates, & each gate has a portion of them allotted to it.” Khalifa "And Hell awaits them all. It will have seven gates. Each gate will get a specific share of them." It will have seven gates. Each gate will get a specific share of them." 28th March 2009

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Surah 15:43-44 Continued Arberry “Gehenna shall be their promised land all together. Seven gates it has, and unto each gate a set portion of them belongs. Palmer “And, verily, Hell is promised to them all together. It has seven doors; at every door is there a separate party of them. Rodwell “And verily, Hell is the promise for them one and all. Sale “And hell is surely denounced unto them all:It hath seven Portals; at each Portal is a separate band of them; It hath seven gates; unto every gate a distinct company of them [shall be assigned]. Irving “Hell will [serve as] an appointment for all of them together. It has seven gates; each gate will have a portion assigned from them." Dawood “They are all destined for Hell.It has seven gates and though each gate they shall come in separate bands.”

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Surah 16:29 Gates of Hell Pickthall “So enter the gates of Hell, to dwell therein for ever. Woeful indeed will be the lodging of the arrogant”. Yusuf Ali "So enter the gates of Hell, to dwell therein. Thus evil indeed is the abode of the arrogant." Hilali-Khan "So enter the gates of Hell, to abide therein and indeed, what an evil abode will be for the arrogant." Shakir Therefore enter the gates of Hell, to abide therein; so certainly evil is the dwelling place of the proud. Sher Ali “So enter the gates of Hell, to abide therein. Evil indeed is the abode of the arrogant.” Khalifa “Therefore, enter the gates of Hell, wherein you abide forever. What a miserable destiny for the arrogant ones.”

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Surah 16:29 Gates of Hell Arberry “So enter the gates of Gehenna, there to dwell forever.' Evil is the lodging of those that wax proud.” Palmer “Wherefore enter ye the doors of Hell, to dwell therein for aye; for ill is the resort of the proud.” Rodwell “Enter ye therefore the gates of Hell to remain therein for ever: and horrid the abiding place of the haughty ones!” Sale “Wherefore enter the gates of Hell, therein to remain [for ever]; and miserable shall be the abode of the proud.” Irving “So enter Hell's gates to remain there. How awful will the lodging of the prideful be.” Dawood “Enter the gates of Hell where you shall abide forever.Evil is the abode of the arrogant.”

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Hell ruled by the Angel of Death

In Islam, Hell is ruled on God’s behalf by Azrael or Malak, the Angel of Death & not by a Devil

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The Islamic Devil Iblis was a Djinn who was raised up to Heaven by God & put among the Angels. However, he disobeyed God by refusing to bow down before Adam. Iblis was renamed “Shaitan” & expelled from Heaven. He then became leader of the evil Djinn on Earth who had rejected God. Iblis will end up burning in Hell with the other evil Djinn & Human sinners for all eternity following Judgement Day. 28th March 2009

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No Islamic (or Christian) Hell below us. Nowadays we know that all that is below us is thousands of miles of solid Rock. There is nothing under the ground fitting the descriptions of Hell in the Koran. More on this & claims to the contrary in Presentation 10 of 11

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Earth probably sits on top of mountain like Pillars Surah 13:2, Surah 31:10

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Surah 13:2 Unseen Pillars of the Sky Pickthall “Allah it is Who raised up the Heavens without visible supports, then mounted the Throne, and compelled the Sun and the Moon to be of service.” Yusuf Ali “God is He Who raised the Heavens without any pillars that ye can see; is firmly established on the throne (of authority); He has subjected the Sun and the Moon (to his Law)!” Hilali-Khan “Allah is He Who raised the Heavens without any pillars that you can see. Then, He Istawa (rose above) the Throne (really in a manner that suits His Majesty). He has subjected the Sun and the Moon (to continue going round)!” Shakir “Allah is He Who raised the Heavens without any pillars that you see, and He is firm in power and He made the Sun and the Moon subservient (to you); each one pursues its course to an appointed time.”

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Surah 13:2 Unseen Pillars of the Sky Sher Ali “Allah is He Who raised up the Heavens without any pillars that you can see. Then He settled Himself on the Throne. And He pressed the Sun and the Moon into your service.” Khalifa “God is the One who raised the Heavens without pillars that you can see, then assumed all authority. He committed the Sun and the Moon, each running (in its orbit) for a predetermined period.” Arberry “God is He who raised up the Heavens without pillars you can see, then He sat Himself upon the Throne. He subjected the Sun and the Moon, each one running to a term stated. with your Lord.” Palmer “God it is who has raised the Heavens without columns that ye can see; then He made for the throne, and subjected the Sun and the Moon; each one runs on to a stated and appointed time.”

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Surah 13:2 Unseen Pillars of the Sky Rodwell “It is God who hath reared the Heavens without pillars thou canst behold; then mounted his throne, and imposed laws on the Sun and Moon: each travelleth to its appointed goal.” Sale “[It is] God who hath raised the heavens without visible pillars; [and] then ascended his throne, and compelled the Sun and the Moon to perform their services.” Irving “God is the One Who has raised up the Heavens without any support you can see.” Dawood “It was God who raised the Heavens without visible pillars.He then ascended the throne and pressed the Sun and the Moon into his service, each pursuing an appointed course.”

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Surah 31:10 Unseen Pillars of the Sky Pickthall “He hath created the Heavens without supports that ye can see, and hath cast into the Earth firm hills, so that it quake not with you.” Yusuf Ali “He created the Heavens without any pillars that ye can see; He set on the Earth mountains standing firm, lest it should shake with you.” Hilali-Khan “He has created the Heavens without any pillars, that you see and has set on the Earth firm mountains, lest it should shake with you.” Shakir “He created the Heavens without pillars as you see them, and put mountains upon the Earth lest it might convulse with you.” Sher Ali “He has created the Heavens without any pillars that you can see, and He has placed in the Earth firm mountains that it may not quake with you.” Khalifa “He created the Heavens without pillars that you can see. He established on Earth stabilizers (mountains) lest it tumbles with you.” 28th March 2009

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Surah 31:10 Continued Arberry “He created the Heavens without pillars you can see, and He Palmer “He created the Heavens without pillars that ye can see, and He threw upon the Earth firm mountains lest it should move with you.” Rodwell “Without pillars that can be seen hath He created the Heavens, and on the Earth hath thrown mountains lest it should move with you; and He hath scattered over it animals of every sort.” Sale “He hath created the Heavens without visible pillars [to sustain them], and hath thrown on the Earth [mountains] firmly rooted, lest it should move with you.” Irving “He has created the Heavens without any visible support. He has cast headlands on the Earth lest it sway with you, and dispersed all kinds of animals throughout it.” Dawood “He raised the Heavens without any visible pillars, and set firm the mountains on Earth lest it should shake with you.He dispersed upon it all manner of beasts.” 28th March 2009

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Why are the Pillars of the Sky unseen? Perhaps the Pillars holding up the Sky are unseen because they are Underwater. Pillars holding up Earth & Sky

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Perhaps, the same or similar pillars were believed to hold up the Earth in a Cosmic Ocean as in Mesopotamian Mythology?

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Earth described as Static and Unmoving Surah 27:61,Surah 30:25, Surah 35:41,

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Surah 35:41God holds Heaven and Earth firmly in position? The Earth in reality moves around the Sun and is not at all fixed in a static position as the Koran suggests. The Earth described in the Koran is static & does not move at all.

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Surah 35:41 Heaven & Earth static & unmoving in the Koran Heaven / Sky

Earth

Above: God’s hands reach down from above in order to grasp Heaven & Earth and hold them firmly in position. 28th March 2009

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Surah 35:41God holds Heaven and Earth firmly in position Pickthall “Lo! Allah graspeth the Heavens & the Earth that they deviate not, & if they were to deviate there is not one that could grasp them after Him.” Yusuf Ali “It is God Who sustains the Heavens & the Earth, lest they cease (to function): & if they should fail, there is none - not one - can sustain them thereafter.” Hilali-Khan “Verily! Allah grasps the Heavens & the Earth lest they move away from their places, & if they were to move away from their places, there is not one that could grasp them after Him.” Shakir “Surely Allah upholds the Heavens & the Earth lest they come to naught; & if they should come to naught, there Is none who can uphold them after Him.” Sher Ali “Surely, Allah holds the Heavens & the Earth lest they deviate from their positions. & if they did deviate, none can hold them back but he.” Khalifa “God is the One who holds the Heavens & the Earth, lest they vanish. If anyone else is to hold them, they will most certainly vanish.” 28th March 2009

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Surah 35:41Continued Arberry “God holds the Heavens & the Earth, lest they remove; did they remove, none would hold them after Him. Palmer “Verily, God holds back the heavens and the earth lest they should decline; & if they should decline there is none to hold them back after Him.” Rodwell “Verily God holdeth fast the Heavens & the Earth that they pass not away: and if they were passing away none could hold them back but He.” Sale “Verily God sustaineth the Heavens & the Earth, lest they fail: And if they should fail, none could support the same besides him.” Irving “God grasps both Heaven & Earth lest either one should slip out of place. If either should slip out of place, no one else would hold on to them besides Him.” Dawood “It is God who keeps the Heavens & the Earth from falling. Should they fall, none could hold them back but him” 28th March 2009

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Earth sits upon supports beneath it

In the Koran, the Earth is a flat static platform sitting in a huge Ocean. Earth is supported from underneath on pillars not unlike an Oil Rig out at sea.

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Surah 30:25 Earth standing still Pickthall “& of His signs is this: The Heavens and the Earth stand fast by His command.” Yusuf Ali “& among His Signs is this, that Heaven and Earth stand by His Command.” Hilali--Khan “& among His Signs is that the Heaven and the Earth stand by His Command.” Shakir “& one of His signs is that the Heaven and the Earth subsist by His command” Sher Ali “& of his Signs is that the Heavens and the Earth stand firm by his command.” Khalifa “Among His proofs is that the Heaven and the Earth are standing at His disposal.”

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Surah 30:25 Continued Arberry “& of His signs is that the Heaven and Earth stand firm by His command.” Palmer “& of His signs is this, that the Heavens and the Earth stand by His order.” Rodwell “& of his signs also one is that the Heaven and the Earth stand firm at his bidding.” Sale “& of his signs [this also is one, namely], that the Heaven and the Earth stand firm at his command.” Irving “Among His signs are [the fact] that the Sky and Earth hold firm at His command.” Dawood “By another sign, Heaven & Earth stand firm at his bidding.”

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This Earth is static and unmoving A Flat Earth that sits on pillars is consistent with an Earth that is static & unmoving. Perhaps this is why the Koran says that the Earth is stationary & does not move.

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Surah 27:61 Earth is a fixed abode Pickthall “Is not He (best) Who made the Earth a fixed abode.” Yusuf Ali “Or, who has made the Earth firm to live in.” Hilali--Khan “Is not He (better than your gods) Who has made the Earth as a fixed abode.” Shakir “Or, who made the Earth a resting place, and made in it rivers.” Sher Ali “Or, who made the Earth a place of rest.” Khalifa “Who is the One who made the Earth habitable.” Arberry “He who made the Earth a fixed place and set amidst it rivers.” Palmer “He who made the Earth, settled.” Rodwell “Is not He, who hath set the Earth so firm.” Sale “[Is not he more worthy to be adored], who hath established the Earth.” Irving “Who set the Earth up as a residence,laced it with rivers.” Dawood “(Surely worthier is) He who established the Earth.” 28th March 2009

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Mountains hold the Earth in place Surah 16:15, Surah 21:31, Surah 31:10 & Surah 78:6-7

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Mountains in the Koran According to the Koran, God created mountains in order to keep the Earth from moving & to prevent earthquakes. This implies a Flat & stationary Earth.

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Surah 78:6-7 Mountains keep the Earth from moving Mountains

Earth

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Surah 78:6-7 Mountains keep Earth from moving

Earth with Mountains

Perhaps this is what the Koran means when it says that mountains are like tent pegs that keep the Earth from moving.

Earth Without Mountains

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Surah 78:6-7 Mountains do not keep the Earth from moving In reality, mountains do not keep the Earth from moving. The Earth moves over 300 million miles every year in its orbit around the Sun.

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Surah 78:6-7 Mountains are like pegs to hold Earth stationary. Pickthall “Have We not made the Earth an expanse, & the high hills bulwarks?” Yusuf Ali “Have We not made the Earth as a wide expanse, & the mountains as pegs?” Hilali-Khan “Have We not made the Earth as a bed, & the mountains as pegs?” Shakir “Have We not made the Earth an even expanse? & the mountains as projections (thereon)?” Sher Ali “Have We not made the Earth as a bed, & the mountains as pegs?” Khalifa “Did we not make the Earth habitable? & the mountains stabilizers?”

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Surah 78:6-7 Continued Arberry “Have We not made the Earth as a cradle & the mountains as pegs?” Palmer “Have we not set the Earth as a couch, & the mountains as stakes?” Rodwell “Have we not made the Earth a couch? & the mountains its tent-stakes?” Sale “Have we not made the Earth for a bed, & the mountains for stakes [to fix the same]? “ Irving “Have We not laid the earth out as a cradle and set the mountains up as kingpins?” Dawood “Do we not spread the Earth as a bed and raise the mountains like supporting poles?”

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Surah 16:15 Mountains prevent Earth from moving. Pickthall “And He hath cast into the Earth firm hills that it quake not with you, and streams and roads that ye may find a way.” Yusuf Ali “And He has set up on the Earth mountains standing firm, lest it should shake with you; and rivers and roads; that ye may guide yourselves.” Hilali-Khan “And He has affixed into the Earth mountains standing firm, lest it should shake with you, and rivers and roads, that you may guide yourselves.” Shakir “And He has cast great mountains in the Earth lest it might be convulsed with you, and rivers and roads that you may go aright.” Sher Ali “And HE has placed in the Earth firm mountains lest it quake with you and rivers and routes that you may find the way to your destination.” Khalifa “And He placed stabilizers (mountains) on Earth, lest it tumbles with you, as well as rivers and roads, that you may be guided.” 28th March 2009

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Surah 16:15Mountains Arberry “And He cast on the Earth firm mountains, lest it shake with you, and rivers and ways; so haply you will be guided.” Palmer “And He has cast firm mountains on the Earth lest it move with you; and rivers and roads; haply ye may be guided. Rodwell “And He hath thrown firm mountains on the Earth, least it move with you; and rivers and paths for your guidance.” Sale “And he hath thrown upon the Earth [mountains] firmly rooted, lest it should move with you, and [also] rivers, and paths, that ye might be directed.” Irving “He has set up headlands on the Earth lest it sway with you, and rivers and paths so that you may be guided.” Dawood “He set firm mountains upon the Earth lest it should move away from you and rivers, roads and landmarks that you may be rightly guided.” 28th March 2009

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Surah 21:31 Mountains prevent Earth from moving Pickthall “& We have placed in the Earth firm hills lest it quake with them, & We have placed therein ravines as roads that haply they may find their way.” Yusuf Ali “& We have set on the Earth mountains standing firm, lest it should shake with them, & We have made therein broad highways (between mountains) for them to pass through: that they may receive guidance.” Hilali-Khan “& We have placed on the Earth firm mountains, lest it should shake with them, & We placed therein broad highways for them to pass through, that they may be guided.” Shakir “& We have made great mountains in the Earth lest it might be convulsed with them, & We have made in it wide ways that they may follow a right direction.”

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Surah 21:31 Continued Sher Ali “& We have placed in the Earth firm mountains lest it should quake with them; & We have made therein wide pathways, that they may be rightly guided.” Khalifa “& We placed on Earth stabilizers, lest it tumbles with them, & we placed straight roads therein, that they may be guided.” Arberry “& We set in the Earth firm mountains lest it should shake with them, & We set in it ravines to serve as ways, that haply so they may be guided.” Palmer “& we placed on the Earth firm mountains lest it should move with them, & He made therein open roads for paths, haply they may be guided!”

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Surah 21:31 Continued Rodwell “& we set mountains on the Earth lest it should move with them, & we made on it broad passages between them as routes for their guidance.” Sale “& we placed stable [mountains] on the Earth, lest it should move with them; & we made broad passages between them for paths, that they might be directed [in their journeys]” Irving “We have placed headlands on Earth lest it should sway while they are on it, and have placed mountain passes on it as highways so they may be guided.” Dawood “We set firm mountains upon the Earth lest it move away from them and hewed out highways in the rock so that they might be rightly guided.”

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Surah 31:10 Mountains prevent Earth from moving Pickthall “He hath created the Heavens without supports that ye can see, and hath cast into the Earth firm hills, so that it quake not with you.” Yusuf Ali “He created the Heavens without any pillars that ye can see; He set on the Earth mountains standing firm, lest it should shake with you.” Hilali-Khan “He has created the Heavens without any pillars, that you see and has set on the Earth firm mountains, lest it should shake with you.” Shakir “He created the Heavens without pillars as you see them, and put mountains upon the Earth lest it might convulse with you.” Sher Ali “He has created the Heavens without any pillars that you can see, and He has placed in the Earth firm mountains that it may not quake with you.” Khalifa “He created the Heavens without pillars that you can see. He established on Earth stabilizers (mountains) lest it tumbles with you.” 28th March 2009

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Surah 31:10 Continued Arberry “He created the Heavens without pillars you can see, and He Palmer “He created the Heavens without pillars that ye can see, and He threw upon the Earth firm mountains lest it should move with you.” Rodwell “Without pillars that can be seen hath He created the Heavens, and on the Earth hath thrown mountains lest it should move with you; and He hath scattered over it animals of every sort.” Sale “He hath created the Heavens without visible pillars [to sustain them], and hath thrown on the Earth [mountains] firmly rooted, lest it should move with you.” Irving “He has created the Heavens without any visible support. He has cast headlands on the Earth lest it sway with you, and dispersed all kinds of animals throughout it.” Dawood “He raised the Heavens without any visible pillars, and set firm the mountains on Earth lest it should shake with you.He dispersed upon it all manner of beasts.” 28th March 2009

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Plate Tectonics Far from preventing Earthquakes, Mountains can sometimes cause Earthquakes. Mountains are created where the edges of Tectonic Plates collide.

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Earth probably sits on a vast Cosmic Ocean

Such a concept existed in many Ancient Cultures. Surah 11:7 suggests that it is in the Koran.

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Shamash on his throne above the waters of the Primordial Ocean. Left:Shamash, a Mesopotamian Sun God seated upon his throne above the Waters of a Cosmic Ocean. Similar ideas are found in the Koran & the Bible.

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Surah 11:7 Allah on his throne above the waters before Creation God on his throne above the waters of the waters or infinite Cosmic ocean in which the Universe of the Koran sits. Cosmic Ocean

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This is an Ancient Mesopotamian Idea.

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Surah 11:7 Allah on his throne above the waters during Creation God causes the Primordial mound of Creation to rise out of the Cosmic Ocean. Cosmic Ocean

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Primordial Mound

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From this mound, he created the Universe.

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Surah 11:7 Allah on his throne after Creation God on his throne up in Heaven above Mecca & looking down on Earth.

Earth

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Surah 11:7 Gods throne above the Water Pickthall “And He it is Who created the Heavens & the Earth in six Days - & His Throne was upon the water - that He might try you, which of you is best in conduct.” Yusuf Ali “He it is Who created the Heavens and the Earth in six Days and His Throne was over the waters - that He might try you, which of you is best in conduct.” Hilali-Khan” And He it is Who has created the Heavens and the Earth in six Days and His Throne was on the water, that He might try you, which of you is the best in deeds.” Shakir “And He it is Who created the Heavens and the Earth in six periods -- and His dominion (extends) on the water -- that He might manifest to you, which of you is best in action.”

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Surah 11:7 Continued Sher Ali “And He it is who created the Heavens and the Earth in six periods, - and His throne rest on water - that He might try you which of you is best in conduct. Khalifa “He is the One who created the Heavens and the Earth in six days - and His (earthly) domain was completely covered with water - in order to test you, to distinguish those among you who work righteousness. Arberry “And it is He who created the Heavens and the Earth in six days, and His Throne was upon the waters -- that He might try you, which one of you is fairer in works.” Palmer “He it is who created the Heavens and the Earth in six days, and His throne was upon the water that He might try you, which of you did best.“

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Surah 11:7 Continued Rodwell “And He it is who hath made the Heavens and the Earth in six days: His throne had stood ere this upon the waters, that He might make proof which of you would excel in works.” Sale “It is he who hath created the Heavens and the Earth in six days, but his throne was above the waters [before the creation thereof], - that he might prove you, [and see] which of you would excel in works.” Irving “He is the One Who created Heaven and Earth in six days. His Throne rises over the water, so He may test which of you is finest in action.” Dawood “Throned upon the waters, he made the Heavens and the Earth in six days, to find out which of you shall best acquit himself.” See also Presentation 08 on the Hadith in this series. Al-Bukhari Volume 4, Book 54, Number 414: supports this interpretation. 28th March 2009

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The God Re upon the Primordial Ocean Left:The Egyptian Sun God descends & sits upon the primordial Creation mound of Egyptian Mythology that has risen out of the Cosmic Ocean. He then expanded this mound in order to create the Flat Earth. Similar ideas are found in the Koran & the Bible. 28th March 2009

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Vishnu upon the Primordial Ocean Left:The Hindu deities, Vishnu, Brahma & Laksmi upon the Cosmic Ocean about to create the Universe. Similar ideas are to be found in the Koran & the Bible.

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Shinto Gods above the Primordial Ocean The idea of a Cosmic Ocean that the Earth sits in is very widespread. Here, a Japanese Shinto God causes the Primordial Mound of Creation to arise out of the Cosmic Ocean. Similar ideas are to be found in the Koran & the Bible. 28th March 2009

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Location of Islamic Hell

The Koran does not specifically state that Hell is under the ground. Earth

However, this is strongly implied in many parts of the Koran.

Hell

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Beneath the Earth – The Koran

The Mesopotamian Underworld (smaller picture) and the one that is described in the Koran are very similar. 28th March 2009

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Beneath the Earth – Modern Science Despite claims to the contrary by some Islamic Fundamentalists, the Koran has no idea whatsoever about what really is under the ground. Instead describes an imaginary Underworld similar to that described in the Bible and other Mythologies.

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Hollow Earth Koran? The Korans ideas about what is under the Earth are as accurate as this picture. The Koran does not explain how we get through thousands of miles of solid rock in order to supposedly reach Hell. (Holes in the Poles?)

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Journey to the centre of the Earth

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1. Conclusion The Koran is not the Word of God, but rather a work of Mythology.

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Conclusion: According to the Koran: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8.

Immediately below the Flat Earth is a vast freshwater Ocean. This is one of “The two Seas” that the Koran repeatedly refers to. Below this is Hell, a place of fire, where those who reject Islam end up and where they are believed to suffer everlasting torture. There are seven levels to Hell, each with a gate at its entrance. Earth is static and unmoving and sits fixed at the centre of the Universe. The Earth is probably sits upon mountain like Pillars. This is basically the same as in Mesopotamian Cosmology although differing in detail. Mountains help keep the Earth in place and protect it from Earthquakes. The Earth sits in a vast Cosmic Ocean similar to that in other Mythologies. This is just Mythology and not what would be expected if God was the author of the Koran. This suggests that the Koran is of human rather than divine origin. 28th March 2009

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Continued on next Presentation ……